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Yi X, Qin H, Li G, Kong R, Liu C. Isomer-specific cardiotoxicity induced by tricresyl phosphate in zebrafish embryos/larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134753. [PMID: 38823104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) has received extensive attentions due to its potential adverse effects, while the toxicological information of TCP isomers is limited. In this study, 2 h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos were exposed to tri-o-cresyl phosphate (ToCP), tri-m-cresyl phosphate (TmCP) or tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TpCP) at concentrations of 0, 100, 300 and 600 μg/L until 120 hpf, and the cardiotoxicity and mechanism of TCP isomers in zebrafish embryos/larvae were evaluated. The results showed that ToCP or TmCP exposure induced cardiac morphological defects and dysfunction in zebrafish, characterized by increased distance between sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosis, increased atrium and pericardial sac area, trabecular defects, and decreased heart rate and blood flow velocity, while no adverse effects of TpCP on zebrafish heart were found. Transcriptomic results revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) and motor proteins, as well as PPAR signaling pathways, were included in the cardiac morphological defects and dysfunction induced by ToCP and TmCP. Co-exposure test with D-mannitol indicated that the inhibition of energy metabolism by ToCP and TmCP affected cardiac morphology and function by decreasing osmoregulation. This study is the first to report the cardiotoxicity induced by TCP in zebrafish from an isomer perspective, providing a new insight into the toxicity of TCP isomers and highlighting the importance of evaluating the toxicity of different isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun'e Yi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiyu Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ren Kong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Mori Y, Smith S, Wang J, Munjal A. Versican controlled by Lmx1b regulates hyaluronate density and hydration for semicircular canal morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.592968. [PMID: 38766227 PMCID: PMC11100707 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
During inner ear semicircular canal morphogenesis in zebrafish, patterned canal-genesis zones express genes for extracellular matrix component synthesis. These include hyaluronan and the hyaluronan-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan Versican, which are abundant in the matrices of many developing organs. Charged hyaluronate polymers play a key role in canal morphogenesis through osmotic swelling. However, the developmental factor(s) that control the synthesis of the matrix components and regulation of hyaluronate density and swelling are unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor, Lmx1b, as a positive transcriptional regulator of hyaluronan, Versican, and chondroitin synthesis genes crucial for canal morphogenesis. We show that Versican regulates hyaluronan density through its protein core, whereas the charged chondroitin side chains contribute to the osmotic swelling of hyaluronate. Versican-tuned properties of hyaluronate matrices may be a broadly used mechanism in morphogenesis with important implications for understanding diseases where these matrices are impaired, and for hydrogel engineering for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mori
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710
| | - Sierra Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710
| | - Akankshi Munjal
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710
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3
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Préau L, Lischke A, Merkel M, Oegel N, Weissenbruch M, Michael A, Park H, Gradl D, Kupatt C, le Noble F. Parenchymal cues define Vegfa-driven venous angiogenesis by activating a sprouting competent venous endothelial subtype. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3118. [PMID: 38600061 PMCID: PMC11006894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Formation of organo-typical vascular networks requires cross-talk between differentiating parenchymal cells and developing blood vessels. Here we identify a Vegfa driven venous sprouting process involving parenchymal to vein cross-talk regulating venous endothelial Vegfa signaling strength and subsequent formation of a specialized angiogenic cell, prefabricated with an intact lumen and pericyte coverage, termed L-Tip cell. L-Tip cell selection in the venous domain requires genetic interaction between vascular Aplnra and Kdrl in a subset of venous endothelial cells and exposure to parenchymal derived Vegfa and Apelin. Parenchymal Esm1 controls the spatial positioning of venous sprouting by fine-tuning local Vegfa availability. These findings may provide a conceptual framework for understanding how Vegfa generates organo-typical vascular networks based on the selection of competent endothelial cells, induced via spatio-temporal control of endothelial Kdrl signaling strength involving multiple parenchymal derived cues generated in a tissue dependent metabolic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Préau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Lischke
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Merkel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Neslihan Oegel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Weissenbruch
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andria Michael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hongryeol Park
- Dept. Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgen Strasse 20, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dietmar Gradl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Feng J, Li Y, Li Y, Yin Q, Li H, Li J, Zhou B, Meng J, Lian H, Wu M, Li Y, Dou K, Song W, Lu B, Liu L, Hu S, Nie Y. Versican Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Cardiac Repair. Circulation 2024; 149:1004-1015. [PMID: 37886839 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adult mammalian heart is incapable of regeneration, whereas a transient regenerative capacity is maintained in the neonatal heart, primarily through the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes. Neonatal heart regeneration after myocardial injury is accompanied by an expansion of cardiac fibroblasts and compositional changes in the extracellular matrix. Whether and how these changes influence cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration remains to be investigated. METHODS We used apical resection and myocardial infarction surgical models in neonatal and adult mice to investigate extracellular matrix components involved in heart regeneration after injury. Single-cell RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses were used for versican identification. Cardiac fibroblast-specific Vcan deletion was achieved using the mouse strains Col1a2-2A-CreER and Vcanfl/fl. Molecular signaling pathways related to the effects of versican were assessed through Western blot, immunostaining, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cardiac fibrosis and heart function were evaluated by Masson trichrome staining and echocardiography, respectively. RESULTS Versican, a cardiac fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix component, was upregulated after neonatal myocardial injury and promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation. Conditional knockout of Vcan in cardiac fibroblasts decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and impaired neonatal heart regeneration. In adult mice, intramyocardial injection of versican after myocardial infarction enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced fibrosis, and improved cardiac function. Furthermore, versican augmented the proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, versican activated integrin β1 and downstream signaling molecules, including ERK1/2 and Akt, thereby promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies versican as a cardiac fibroblast-derived pro-proliferative proteoglycan and clarifies the role of versican in promoting adult cardiac repair. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic factor for ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Yandong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (Y.L.)
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Q.Q.Y.)
| | - Haotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai (B.Z.)
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Hong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Mengge Wu
- Experimental Animal Center, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou (M.G.W.)
| | - Yahuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Kefei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Weihua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.F., Y.D.L., H.T.L., J.L., J.M., H.L., Y.H.L., K.F.D., W.H.S., B.L., L.H.L., S.S.H., Y.N.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Y.N.)
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou (Y.N.)
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5
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Wang T, Chen X, Wang K, Ju J, Yu X, Yu W, Liu C, Wang Y. Cardiac regeneration: Pre-existing cardiomyocyte as the hub of novel signaling pathway. Genes Dis 2024; 11:747-759. [PMID: 37692487 PMCID: PMC10491875 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian heart, cardiomyocytes are forced to withdraw from the cell cycle shortly after birth, limiting the ability of the heart to regenerate and repair. The development of multimodal regulation of cardiac proliferation has verified that pre-existing cardiomyocyte proliferation is an essential driver of cardiac renewal. With the continuous development of genetic lineage tracking technology, it has been revealed that cell cycle activity produces polyploid cardiomyocytes during the embryonic, juvenile, and adult stages of cardiogenesis, but newly formed mononucleated diploid cardiomyocytes also elevated sporadically during myocardial infarction. It implied that adult cardiomyocytes have a weak regenerative capacity under the condition of ischemia injury, which offers hope for the clinical treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the regeneration frequency and source of cardiomyocytes are still low, and the mechanism of regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation remains further explained. It is noteworthy to explore what force triggers endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Here, we focused on summarizing the recent research progress of emerging endogenous key modulators and crosstalk with other signaling pathways and furnished valuable insights into the internal mechanism of heart regeneration. In addition, myocardial transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, cyclins, and cell cycle-dependent kinases are involved in the multimodal regulation of pre-existing cardiomyocyte proliferation. Ultimately, awakening the myocardial proliferation endogenous modulator and regeneration pathways may be the final battlefield for the regenerative therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Jie Ju
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266023, China
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6
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Apaydin O, Altaikyzy A, Filosa A, Sawamiphak S. Alpha-1 adrenergic signaling drives cardiac regeneration via extracellular matrix remodeling transcriptional program in zebrafish macrophages. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2460-2476.e7. [PMID: 37875117 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a pivotal role in cardiac repair. Here, we describe the mechanistic underpinning of adrenergic signaling in fibrotic and regenerative response of the heart to be dependent on immunomodulation. A pharmacological approach identified adrenergic receptor alpha-1 as a key regulator of macrophage phenotypic diversification following myocardial damage in zebrafish. Genetic manipulation and single-cell transcriptomics showed that the receptor signals activation of an "extracellular matrix remodeling" transcriptional program in a macrophage subset, which serves as a key regulator of matrix composition and turnover. Mechanistically, adrenergic receptor alpha-1-activated macrophages determine activation of collagen-12-expressing fibroblasts, a cellular determinant of cardiac regenerative niche, through midkine-mediated paracrine crosstalk, allowing lymphatic and blood vessel growth and cardiomyocyte proliferation at the lesion site. These findings identify the mechanism of adrenergic signaling in macrophage phenotypic and functional determination and highlight the potential of neural modulation for regulation of fibrosis and coordination of myocardial regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Apaydin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akerke Altaikyzy
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Filosa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Suphansa Sawamiphak
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Uscategui Calderon M, Gonzalez BA, Yutzey KE. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in the postnatal heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163331. [PMID: 37077417 PMCID: PMC10106698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period in mammals, the heart undergoes significant remodeling in response to increased circulatory demands. In the days after birth, cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, progressively lose embryonic characteristics concomitant with the loss of the heart’s ability to regenerate. Moreover, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo binucleation and cell cycle arrest with induction of hypertrophic growth, while cardiac fibroblasts proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) that transitions from components that support cellular maturation to production of the mature fibrous skeleton of the heart. Recent studies have implicated interactions of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes within the maturing ECM environment to promote heart maturation in the postnatal period. Here, we review the relationships of different cardiac cell types and the ECM as the heart undergoes both structural and functional changes during development. Recent advances in the field, particularly in several recently published transcriptomic datasets, have highlighted specific signaling mechanisms that underlie cellular maturation and demonstrated the biomechanical interdependence of cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocyte maturation. There is increasing evidence that postnatal heart development in mammals is dependent on particular ECM components and that resulting changes in biomechanics influence cell maturation. These advances, in definition of cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity and function in relation to cardiomyocyte maturation and the extracellular environment provide, support for complex cell crosstalk in the postnatal heart with implications for heart regeneration and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brittany A. Gonzalez
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine E. Yutzey,
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8
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Park H, Song G, Hong T, An G, Park S, Lim W. Exposure to the herbicide fluridone induces cardiovascular toxicity in early developmental stages of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161535. [PMID: 36638995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluridone is a systemic herbicide used to control a range of invasive aquatic plants in irrigation systems, lake, and reservoirs. Since aquatic herbicides are more likely to have a hazardous impact on ecosystems than terrestrially applied herbicides, a risk assessment is needed to determine whether to expand or limit their use. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental toxicity of fluridone using zebrafish. Diverse toxicological results were observed for the sub-lethal endpoints, including lack of hatching, reduced heartbeat and disturbed blood circulation through dysmorphic heart, and edema formation. Abnormal apoptosis was observed in the brain and yolk sac of fluridone-exposed larvae. A computational analysis was used to predict chemical properties in non-target organisms and revealed that fluridone was highly relevant in the cardiovascular system. Double transgenic zebrafish (fli1a:EGFP;cmlc2:dsRed) were used to evaluate the effects of fluridone on the cardiovascular system during embryonic development. Ectopic growth of sub-intestinal vessels and sprouting angiogenesis in the hindbrain region were highly inhibited. Additionally, essential genes involved in the VEGF signaling and heart development were differentially expressed in dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our toxicological findings in fluridone exposure highlight defects in the cardiovascular development causing embryonic lethality that could damage aquatic communities and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam 52725, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Bürgisser GM, Heuberger DM, Schaffner N, Giovanoli P, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Delineation of the healthy rabbit heart by immunohistochemistry - A technical note. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:151993. [PMID: 36584538 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure poses a big health problem and may result from obesity, smoking, alcohol and/or growing age. Studying pathological heart tissue demands accurate histological and immunohistochemical stainings in animal models, including chromogenic and fluorescent approaches. Moreover, a reliable set of healthy heart stainings and labeling are required, in order to provide a reference for the pathological situation. Heart and brain tissue of a healthy rabbit were collected, and different histological key steps were compared, such as paraffin embedding after formalin fixation versus cryopreservation; an antigen retrieval (AR) step in processing paraffin sections versus the same procedure without AR; or a chromogenic with a fluorescent detection system, respectively. Using serial sections, we stained the same morphological structure with classic approaches (HE, Masson Goldner Trichrome (GT) and Elastica van Gieson (EL)) and with different markers, including collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, α-SMA, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is an inflammation-related marker, and ki67 for proliferating cells. Differences between conditions were quantitatively assessed by measuring the color intensity. Generally, cryosections exhibited a more prominent signal intensity in immunohistochemically labeled sections than in paraffin sections, but the strong staining was slurry, which sometimes impeded proper identification of morphological structures, particularly at higher magnifications. In addition, the advantage of an AR step was observed when compared to the condition without AR, where signal intensities were significantly lower. Different stainings of the heart arteries and the myocardium revealed a clear distribution of extracellular matrix components, with prominent collagen III in the artery wall, but an absence of collagen III in the myocardium. Moreover, paraffin-embedded sections provided more distinct structures compared to cryosections after collagen III, ki67, fibronectin, and α-SMA labeling. As for the Purkinje cells that were depicted in the heart and the cerebellum (Purkinje neurons), we found GT staining most suitable to depict them in the heart, while HE as well as EL staining was ideal to depict Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. In sum, we provide useful reference images with different stainings for researchers using the rabbit heart or brain model. Such images can help to decide which of the immunohistochemical protocols are valuable to reach a specific aim. Recommendations are given for the best visualization of the target structures and specific (immunohistochemical) staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Meier Bürgisser
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea M Heuberger
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Schaffner
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Zhang X, Jin X, Li Y, Xu M, Yao Y, Liu K, Ma C, Zhang Y, Ru J, He Y, Gao J. Macrophage-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling after fat grafting in nude mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22550. [PMID: 36098482 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical unpredictability and variability following fat grafting remain non-negligible problems due to the unknown mechanism of grafted fat retention. The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which renders cells with structural and biochemical support, has been ignored. This study aimed to clarify the ECM remodeling process, related cellular events, and the spatiotemporal relationship between ECM remodeling and adipocyte survival and adipogenesis after fat grafting. Labeled Coleman fat by the matrix-tracing technique was grafted in nude mice. The ECM remodeling process and cellular events were assessed in vivo. The related cytokines were evaluated by qRT-PCR. An in vitro cell migration assay was performed to verify the chemotactic effect of M2-like macrophages on fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that in the periphery, most of the adipocytes of the graft survived or regenerated, and the graft-derived ECM was gradually replaced by the newly-formed ECM. In the central parts, most adipocytes in the grafts died shortly after, and a small part of the graft-derived and newly-formed ECM was expressed with irregular morphology. Adipose ECM remodeling is associated with increased infiltration of macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as up-regulated expression of cytokines in the adipose tissue. To sum up, our results describe the various preservation mode of fat grafts after transplantation and underscore the importance of macrophage-mediated ECM remodeling in graft preservation after fat grafting. The appreciation and manipulation of underlying mechanisms that are operant in this setting stand to explore new therapeutic approaches and improve clinical outcomes of fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mimi Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chijuan Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjiang Ru
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Hesaraki M, Bora U, Pahlavan S, Salehi N, Mousavi SA, Barekat M, Rasouli SJ, Baharvand H, Ozhan G, Totonchi M. A Novel Missense Variant in Actin Binding Domain of MYH7 Is Associated With Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839862. [PMID: 35463789 PMCID: PMC9024299 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a group of common heart disorders that affect numerous people worldwide. Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a structural disorder of the ventricular wall, categorized as a type of cardiomyopathy that mostly caused by genetic disorders. Genetic variations are underlying causes of developmental deformation of the heart wall and the resultant contractile insufficiency. Here, we investigated a family with several affected members exhibiting LVNC phenotype. By whole-exome sequencing (WES) of three affected members, we identified a novel heterozygous missense variant (c.1963C>A:p.Leu655Met) in the gene encoding myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7). This gene is evolutionary conserved among different organisms. We identified MYH7 as a highly enriched myosin, compared to other types of myosin heavy chains, in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Furthermore, MYH7 was among a few classes of MYH in mouse heart that highly expresses from early embryonic to adult stages. In silico predictions showed an altered actin-myosin binding, resulting in weaker binding energy that can cause LVNC. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated MYH7 knockout in zebrafish caused impaired cardiovascular development. Altogether, these findings provide the first evidence for involvement of p.Leu655Met missense variant in the incidence of LVNC, most probably through actin-myosin binding defects during ventricular wall morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hesaraki
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ugur Bora
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Salehi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mousavi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Rasouli
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Gunes Ozhan
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Mehdi Totonchi
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12
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Khomtchouk BB, Lee YS, Khan ML, Sun P, Mero D, Davidson MH. Targeting the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix in cardiovascular disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:443-460. [PMID: 35258387 PMCID: PMC9050939 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2047645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) drug discovery has focused primarily on addressing the inflammation and immunopathology aspects inherent to various CVD phenotypes such as cardiac fibrosis and coronary artery disease. However, recent findings suggest new biological pathways for cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation across diverse CVDs, such as the roles of matricellular proteins (e.g. tenascin-C) in regulating the cellular microenvironment. The success of anti-inflammatory drugs like colchicine, which targets microtubule polymerization, further suggests that the cardiac cytoskeleton and ECM provide prospective therapeutic opportunities. AREAS COVERED Potential therapeutic targets include proteins such as gelsolin and calponin 2, which play pivotal roles in plaque development. This review focuses on the dynamic role that the cytoskeleton and ECM play in CVD pathophysiology, highlighting how novel target discovery in cytoskeletal and ECM-related genes may enable therapeutics development to alter the regulation of cellular architecture in plaque formation and rupture, cardiac contractility, and other molecular mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION Further research into the cardiac cytoskeleton and its associated ECM proteins is an area ripe for novel target discovery. Furthermore, the structural connection between the cytoskeleton and the ECM provides an opportunity to evaluate both entities as sources of potential therapeutic targets for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan B Khomtchouk
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine and Biomedical Data Science, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoon Seo Lee
- The College of the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maha L Khan
- The College of the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Sun
- The College of the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael H Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Vignes H, Vagena-Pantoula C, Prakash M, Fukui H, Norden C, Mochizuki N, Jug F, Vermot J. Extracellular mechanical forces drive endocardial cell volume decrease during zebrafish cardiac valve morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:598-609.e5. [PMID: 35245444 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis involves dynamic changes of tissue properties while cells adapt to their mechanical environment through mechanosensitive pathways. How mechanical cues influence cell behaviors during morphogenesis remains unclear. Here, we studied the formation of the zebrafish atrioventricular canal (AVC) where cardiac valves develop. We show that the AVC forms within a zone of tissue convergence associated with the increased activation of the actomyosin meshwork and cell-orientation changes. We demonstrate that tissue convergence occurs with a reduction of cell volume triggered by mechanical forces and the mechanosensitive channel TRPP2/TRPV4. Finally, we show that the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid controls cell volume changes. Together, our data suggest that multiple force-sensitive signaling pathways converge to modulate cell volume. We conclude that cell volume reduction is a key cellular feature activated by mechanotransduction during cardiovascular morphogenesis. This work further identifies how mechanical forces and extracellular matrix influence tissue remodeling in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vignes
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Mangal Prakash
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hajime Fukui
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Florian Jug
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Fondazione Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1258 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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14
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Perveen S, Rossin D, Vitale E, Rosso R, Vanni R, Cristallini C, Rastaldo R, Giachino C. Therapeutic Acellular Scaffolds for Limiting Left Ventricular Remodelling-Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313054. [PMID: 34884856 PMCID: PMC8658014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of heart-related deaths worldwide. Following MI, the hypoxic microenvironment triggers apoptosis, disrupts the extracellular matrix and forms a non-functional scar that leads towards adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. If left untreated this eventually leads to heart failure. Besides extensive advancement in medical therapy, complete functional recovery is never accomplished, as the heart possesses limited regenerative ability. In recent decades, the focus has shifted towards tissue engineering and regenerative strategies that provide an attractive option to improve cardiac regeneration, limit adverse LV remodelling and restore function in an infarcted heart. Acellular scaffolds possess attractive features that have made them a promising therapeutic candidate. Their application in infarcted areas has been shown to improve LV remodelling and enhance functional recovery in post-MI hearts. This review will summarise the updates on acellular scaffolds developed and tested in pre-clinical and clinical scenarios in the past five years with a focus on their ability to overcome damage caused by MI. It will also describe how acellular scaffolds alone or in combination with biomolecules have been employed for MI treatment. A better understanding of acellular scaffolds potentialities may guide the development of customised and optimised therapeutic strategies for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Perveen
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Rachele Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberto Vanni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
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15
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Gunawan F, Priya R, Stainier DYR. Sculpting the heart: Cellular mechanisms shaping valves and trabeculae. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:26-34. [PMID: 34147705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of the heart from a simple tube to a complex organ requires the orchestration of several morphogenetic processes. Two structures critical for cardiac function, the cardiac valves and the trabecular network, are formed through extensive tissue morphogenesis-endocardial cell migration, deadhesion and differentiation into fibroblast-like cells during valve formation, and cardiomyocyte delamination and apico-basal depolarization during trabeculation. Here, we review current knowledge of how these specialized structures acquire their shape by focusing on the underlying cellular behaviors and molecular mechanisms, highlighting findings from in vivo models and briefly discussing the recent advances in cardiac cell culture and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Frankfurt, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rashmi Priya
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Frankfurt, Giessen, Germany.
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16
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Derrick CJ, Pollitt EJG, Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu A, Hussein F, Grierson AJ, Noël ES. Lamb1a regulates atrial growth by limiting second heart field addition during zebrafish heart development. Development 2021; 148:272294. [PMID: 34568948 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During early vertebrate heart development, the heart transitions from a linear tube to a complex asymmetric structure, a morphogenetic process that occurs simultaneously with growth of the heart. Cardiac growth during early heart morphogenesis is driven by deployment of cells from the second heart field (SHF) into both poles of the heart. Laminin is a core component of the extracellular matrix and, although mutations in laminin subunits are linked with cardiac abnormalities, no role for laminin has been identified in early vertebrate heart morphogenesis. We identified tissue-specific expression of laminin genes in the developing zebrafish heart, supporting a role for laminins in heart morphogenesis. Analysis of heart development in lamb1a zebrafish mutant embryos reveals mild morphogenetic defects and progressive cardiomegaly, and that Lamb1a functions to limit heart size during cardiac development by restricting SHF addition. lamb1a mutants exhibit hallmarks of altered haemodynamics, and blocking cardiac contractility in lamb1a mutants rescues heart size and atrial SHF addition. Together, these results suggest that laminin mediates interactions between SHF deployment and cardiac biomechanics during heart morphogenesis and growth in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J G Pollitt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Farah Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew J Grierson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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17
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Roan HY, Tseng TL, Chen CH. Whole-body clonal mapping identifies giant dominant clones in zebrafish skin epidermis. Development 2021; 148:272161. [PMID: 34463754 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin expansion during development is predominantly driven by growth of basal epithelial cell (BEC)-derived clonal populations, which often display varied sizes and shapes. However, little is known about the causes of clonal heterogeneity and the maximum size to which a single clone can grow. Here, we created a zebrafish model, basebow, for capturing clonal growth behavior in the BEC population on a whole-body, centimeter scale. By tracking 222 BECs over the course of a 28-fold expansion of body surface area, we determined that most BECs survive and grow clonal populations with an average size of 0.013 mm2. An extensive survey of 742 sparsely labeled BECs further revealed that giant dominant clones occasionally arise on specific body regions, covering up to 0.6% of the surface area. Additionally, a growth-induced extracellular matrix component, Lamb1a, mediates clonal growth in a cell-autonomous manner. Altogether, our findings demonstrate how clonal heterogeneity and clonal dominance may emerge to enable post-embryonic growth of a vertebrate organ, highlighting key cellular mechanisms that may only become evident when visualizing single cell behavior at the whole-animal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yuh Roan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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18
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Bornhorst D, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Strong as a Hippo's Heart: Biomechanical Hippo Signaling During Zebrafish Cardiac Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731101. [PMID: 34422841 PMCID: PMC8375320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Bornhorst
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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19
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The role of basement membranes in cardiac biology and disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229516. [PMID: 34382650 PMCID: PMC8390786 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are highly specialised extracellular matrix structures that within the heart underlie endothelial cells and surround cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. They generate a dynamic and structurally supportive environment throughout cardiac development and maturation by providing physical anchorage to the underlying interstitium, structural support to the tissue, and by influencing cell behaviour and signalling. While this provides a strong link between basement membrane dysfunction and cardiac disease, the role of the basement membrane in cardiac biology remains under-researched and our understanding regarding the mechanistic interplay between basement membrane defects and their morphological and functional consequences remain important knowledge-gaps. In this review we bring together emerging understanding of basement membrane defects within the heart including in common cardiovascular pathologies such as contractile dysfunction and highlight some key questions that are now ready to be addressed.
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