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Guo X, Yang Y, Tang J, Xiang J. Ephs in cancer progression: complexity and context-dependent nature in signaling, angiogenesis and immunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:299. [PMID: 38811954 PMCID: PMC11137953 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprising 14 distinct members classified into two subgroups: EphAs and EphBs.. Despite their essential functions in normal physiological processes, accumulating evidence suggests that the involvement of the Eph family in cancer is characterized by a dual and often contradictory nature. Research indicates that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling influences cell-cell communication, subsequently regulating cell migration, adhesion, differentiation and proliferation. The contradictory functionalities may arise from the diversity of Eph signaling pathways and the heterogeneity of different cancer microenvironment. In this review, we aim to discuss the dual role of the Eph receptors in tumor development, attempting to elucidate the paradoxical functionality through an exploration of Eph receptor signaling pathways, angiogenesis, immune responses, and more. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor development. Additionally, we will explore the evolving landscape of utilizing Eph receptors as potential targets for tumor therapy and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyi Yang
- Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Edwards DN, Wang S, Song W, Kim LC, Ngwa VM, Hwang Y, Ess KC, Boothby MR, Chen J. Regulation of fatty acid delivery to metastases by tumor endothelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587724. [PMID: 38617241 PMCID: PMC11014634 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis, the main cause of death in cancer patients, requires outgrowth of tumor cells after their dissemination and residence in microscopic niches. Nutrient sufficiency is a determinant of such outgrowth1. Fatty acids (FA) can be metabolized by cancer cells for their energetic and anabolic needs but impair the cytotoxicity of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME)2,3, thereby supporting metastatic progression. However, despite the important role of FA in metastatic outgrowth, the regulation of intratumoral FA is poorly understood. In this report, we show that tumor endothelium actively promotes tumor growth and restricts anti-tumor cytolysis by transferring FA into developing metastatic tumors. This process uses transendothelial fatty acid transport via endosome cargo trafficking in a mechanism that requires mTORC1 activity. Thus, tumor burden was significantly reduced upon endothelial-specific targeted deletion of Raptor, a unique component of the mTORC1 complex (RptorECKO). In vivo trafficking of a fluorescent palmitic acid analog to tumor cells and T cells was reduced in RptorECKO lung metastatic tumors, which correlated with improved markers of T cell cytotoxicity. Combination of anti-PD1 with RAD001/everolimus, at a low dose that selectively inhibits mTORC1 in endothelial cells4, impaired FA uptake in T cells and reduced metastatic disease, corresponding to improved anti-tumor immunity. These findings describe a novel mechanism of transendothelial fatty acid transfer into the TME during metastatic outgrowth and highlight a target for future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N. Edwards
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura C. Kim
- Vanderbilt University, Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Verra M. Ngwa
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Denver, CO, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark R. Boothby
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Bruder‐Nascimento A, Awata WMC, Alves JV, Singh S, Costa RM, Bruder‐Nascimento T. Progranulin Maintains Blood Pressure and Vascular Tone Dependent on EphrinA2 and Sortilin1 Receptors and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030353. [PMID: 37581395 PMCID: PMC10492929 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms determining vascular tone are still not completely understood, even though it is a significant factor in blood pressure management. Many circulating proteins have a significant impact on controlling vascular tone. Progranulin displays anti-inflammatory effects and has been extensively studied in neurodegenerative illnesses. We investigated whether progranulin sustains the vascular tone that helps regulate blood pressure. Methods and Results We used male and female C57BL6/J wild type (progranulin+/+) and B6(Cg)-Grntm1.1Aidi/J (progranulin-/-) to understand the impact of progranulin on vascular contractility and blood pressure. We found that progranulin-/- mice display elevated blood pressure followed by hypercontractility to noradrenaline in mesenteric arteries, which is restored by supplementing the mice with recombinant progranulin. In ex vivo experiments, recombinant progranulin attenuated the vascular contractility to noradrenaline in male and female progranulin+/+ arteries, which was blunted by blocking EphrinA2 or Sortilin1. To understand the mechanisms whereby progranulin evokes anticontractile effects, we inhibited endothelial factors. N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) prevented the progranulin effects, whereas indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) affected only the contractility in arteries incubated with vehicle, indicating that progranulin increases nitric oxide and decreases contractile prostanoids. Finally, recombinant progranulin induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide production in isolated mesenteric endothelial cells. Conclusions Circulating progranulin regulates vascular tone and blood pressure via EphrinA2 and Sortilin1 receptors and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation. Collectively, our data suggest that deficiency in progranulin is a cardiovascular risk factor and that progranulin might be a new therapeutic avenue to treat high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bruder‐Nascimento
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Wanessa M. C. Awata
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Juliano V. Alves
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Rafael M. Costa
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Thiago Bruder‐Nascimento
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM)PittsburghPAUSA
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
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4
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Lau A, Le N, Nguyen C, Kandpal RP. Signals transduced by Eph receptors and ephrin ligands converge on MAP kinase and AKT pathways in human cancers. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110579. [PMID: 36572189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors, the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and ephrin ligands have been implicated in a variety of human cancers. The novel bidirectional signaling events initiated by binding of Eph receptors to their cognate ephrin ligands modulate many cellular processes such as proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, invasion, and apoptosis. The relationships between the abundance of a unique subset of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands with associated cellular processes indicate a key role of these molecules in tumorigenesis. The combinatorial expression of these molecules converges on MAP kinase and/or AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. The intracellular target proteins of the initial signal may, however, vary in some cancers. Furthermore, we have also described the commonality of up- and down-regulation of individual receptors and ligands in various cancers. The current state of research in Eph receptors illustrates MAP kinase and mTOR pathways as plausible targets for therapeutic interventions in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lau
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Nghia Le
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Claudia Nguyen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Raj P Kandpal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America.
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5
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HIF1α-AS1 is a DNA:DNA:RNA triplex-forming lncRNA interacting with the HUSH complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6563. [PMID: 36323673 PMCID: PMC9630315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA:DNA:RNA triplexes that are formed through Hoogsteen base-pairing of the RNA in the major groove of the DNA duplex have been observed in vitro, but the extent to which these interactions occur in cells and how they impact cellular functions remains elusive. Using a combination of bioinformatic techniques, RNA/DNA pulldown and biophysical studies, we set out to identify functionally important DNA:DNA:RNA triplex-forming long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in human endothelial cells. The lncRNA HIF1α-AS1 was retrieved as a top hit. Endogenous HIF1α-AS1 reduces the expression of numerous genes, including EPH Receptor A2 and Adrenomedullin through DNA:DNA:RNA triplex formation by acting as an adapter for the repressive human silencing hub complex (HUSH). Moreover, the oxygen-sensitive HIF1α-AS1 is down-regulated in pulmonary hypertension and loss-of-function approaches not only result in gene de-repression but also enhance angiogenic capacity. As exemplified here with HIF1α-AS1, DNA:DNA:RNA triplex formation is a functionally important mechanism of trans-acting gene expression control.
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6
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Mapping the Universe of Eph Receptor and Ephrin Ligand Transcripts in Epithelial and Fiber Cells of the Eye Lens. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203291. [PMID: 36291158 PMCID: PMC9600312 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye lens is a transparent, ellipsoid organ in the anterior chamber of the eye that is required for fine focusing of light onto the retina to transmit a clear image. Cataracts, defined as any opacity in the lens, remains the leading cause of blindness in the world. Recent studies in humans and mice indicate that Eph–ephrin bidirectional signaling is important for maintaining lens transparency. Specifically, mutations and polymorphisms in the EphA2 receptor and the ephrin-A5 ligand have been linked to congenital and age-related cataracts. It is unclear what other variants of Ephs and ephrins are expressed in the lens or whether there is preferential expression in epithelial vs. fiber cells. We performed a detailed analysis of Eph receptor and ephrin ligand mRNA transcripts in whole mouse lenses, epithelial cell fractions, and fiber cell fractions using a new RNA isolation method. We compared control samples with EphA2 knockout (KO) and ephrin-A5 KO samples. Our results revealed the presence of transcripts for 12 out of 14 Eph receptors and 8 out of 8 ephrin ligands in various fractions of lens cells. Using specific primer sets, RT-PCR, and sequencing, we verified the variant of each gene that is expressed, and we found two epithelial-cell-specific genes. Surprisingly, we also identified one Eph receptor variant that is expressed in KO lens fibers but is absent from control lens fibers. We also identified one low expression ephrin variant that is only expressed in ephrin-A5 control samples. These results indicate that the lens expresses almost all Ephs and ephrins, and there may be many receptor–ligand pairs that play a role in lens homeostasis.
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7
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Zapata-Mercado E, Biener G, McKenzie DM, Wimley WC, Pasquale EB, Raicu V, Hristova K. The efficacy of receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 autophosphorylation increases with EphA2 oligomer size. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102370. [PMID: 35970390 PMCID: PMC9512837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) EphA2 is expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells and controls the assembly of cell-cell junctions. EphA2 has also been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Unlike most RTKs, which signal predominantly as dimers, EphA2 readily forms high-order oligomers upon ligand binding. Here, we investigated if a correlation exists between EphA2 signaling properties and the size of the EphA2 oligomers induced by multiple ligands, including the widely used ephrinA1-Fc ligand, the soluble monomeric m-ephrinA1, and novel engineered peptide ligands. We used fluorescence intensity fluctuation (FIF) spectrometry to characterize the EphA2 oligomer populations induced by the different ligands. Interestingly, we found that different monomeric and dimeric ligands induce EphA2 oligomers with widely different size distributions. Our comparison of FIF brightness distribution parameters and EphA2 signaling parameters reveals that the efficacy of EphA2 phosphorylation on tyrosine 588, an autophosphorylation response contributing to EphA2 activation, correlates with EphA2 mean oligomer size. However, we found that other characteristics, such as the efficacy of AKT inhibition and ligand bias coefficients, appear to be independent of EphA2 oligomer size. Taken together, this work highlights the utility of FIF in RTK signaling research and demonstrates a quantitative correlation between the architecture of EphA2 signaling complexes and signaling features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer Zapata-Mercado
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriel Biener
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel M McKenzie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Valerica Raicu
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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8
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Buccarelli M, Castellani G, Ricci-Vitiani L. Glioblastoma-Specific Strategies of Vascularization: Implications in Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Resistance. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101625. [PMID: 36294763 PMCID: PMC9604754 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has long been implicated as a crucial process in GBM growth and progression. GBM can adopt several strategies to build up its abundant and aberrant vasculature. Targeting GBM angiogenesis has gained more and more attention in anti-cancer therapy, and many strategies have been developed to interfere with this hallmark. However, recent findings reveal that the effects of anti-angiogenic treatments are temporally limited and that tumors become refractory to therapy and more aggressive. In this review, we summarize the GBM-associated neovascularization processes and their implication in drug resistance mechanisms underlying the transient efficacy of current anti-angiogenic therapies. Moreover, we describe potential strategies and perspectives to overcome the mechanisms adopted by GBM to develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy as new potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Chu LY, Huang BL, Huang XC, Peng YH, Xie JJ, Xu YW. EFNA1 in gastrointestinal cancer: Expression, regulation and clinical significance. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:973-988. [PMID: 35646281 PMCID: PMC9124989 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i5.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA1 gene. The ephrins and EPH-related receptors comprise the largest subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases which play an indispensable role in normal growth and development or in the pathophysiology of various tumors. The role of EFNA1 in tumorigenesis and development is complex and depends on the cell type and microenvironment which in turn affect the expression of EFNA1. This article reviews the expression, prognostic value, regulation and clinical significance of EFNA1 in gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu-Chun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Gomez-Soler M, Gehring MP, Lechtenberg BC, Zapata-Mercado E, Ruelos A, Matsumoto MW, Hristova K, Pasquale EB. Ligands with different dimeric configurations potently activate the EphA2 receptor and reveal its potential for biased signaling. iScience 2022; 25:103870. [PMID: 35243233 PMCID: PMC8858996 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase activates signaling pathways with different, and sometimes opposite, effects in cancer and other pathologies. Thus, highly specific and potent biased ligands that differentially control EphA2 signaling responses could be therapeutically valuable. Here, we use EphA2-specific monomeric peptides to engineer dimeric ligands with three different geometric configurations to combine a potential ability to differentially modulate EphA2 signaling responses with the high potency and prolonged receptor residence time characteristic of dimeric ligands. The different dimeric peptides readily induce EphA2 clustering, autophosphorylation and signaling, the best with sub-nanomolar potency. Yet, there are differences in two EphA2 signaling responses induced by peptides with different configurations, which exhibit distinct potency and efficacy. The peptides bias signaling when compared with the ephrinA1-Fc ligand and do so via different mechanisms. These findings provide insights into Eph receptor signaling, and proof-of-principle that different Eph signaling responses can be distinctly modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Gomez-Soler
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marina P. Gehring
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bernhard C. Lechtenberg
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville Victoria 3052, Australia and Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elmer Zapata-Mercado
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alyssa Ruelos
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mike W. Matsumoto
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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11
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Mutation of the EPHA2 Tyrosine-Kinase Domain Dysregulates Cell Pattern Formation and Cytoskeletal Gene Expression in the Lens. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102606. [PMID: 34685586 PMCID: PMC8534143 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) have been associated with inherited and age-related forms of cataract in humans. Here, we have characterized the eye lens phenotype and transcript profile of germline Epha2 knock-in mutant mice homozygous for either a missense variant associated with age-related cataract in humans (Epha2-Q722) or a novel insertion-deletion mutation (Epha2-indel722) that were both located within the tyrosine-kinase domain of EPHA2. Confocal imaging of ex vivo lenses from Epha2-indel722 mice on a fluorescent reporter background revealed misalignment of epithelial-to-fiber cell meridional-rows at the lens equator and severe disturbance of Y-suture formation at the lens poles, whereas Epha2-Q722 lenses displayed mild disturbance of posterior sutures. Immunofluorescent labeling showed that EPHA2 was localized to radial columns of hexagonal fiber cell membranes in Epha2-Q722 lenses, whereas Epha2-indel722 lenses displayed disorganized radial cell columns and cytoplasmic retention of EPHA2. Immunoprecipitation/blotting studies indicated that EPHA2 formed strong complexes with Src kinase and was mostly serine phosphorylated in the lens. RNA sequencing analysis revealed differential expression of several cytoskeleton-associated genes in Epha2-mutant and Epha2-null lenses including shared downregulation of Lgsn and Clic5. Collectively, our data suggest that mutations within the tyrosine-kinase domain of EPHA2 result in lens cell patterning defects and dysregulated expression of several cytoskeleton-associated proteins.
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Dave A, Craig JE, Alamein M, Skrzypiec K, Beltz J, Pfaff A, Burdon KP, Ercal N, de Iongh RU, Sharma S. Genotype, Age, Genetic Background, and Sex Influence Epha2-Related Cataract Development in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 34495288 PMCID: PMC8431977 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in the EPHA2 gene increase the disease risk, and its knockout in mice causes cataract. We investigated whether age, sex, and genetic background, risk factors for age-related cataract, and Epha2 genotype influence Epha2-related cataract development in mice. Methods Cataract development was monitored in Epha2+/+, Epha2+/-, and Epha2-/- mice (Epha2Gt(KST085)Byg) on C57BL/6J and FVB:C57BL/6J (50:50) backgrounds. Cellular architecture of lenses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and redox state were determined using histological, molecular, and analytical techniques. Results Epha2-/- and Epha2+/- mice on C57BL/6J background developed severe cortical cataracts by 18 and 38 weeks of age, respectively, compared to development of similar cataract significantly later in Epha2-/- mice and no cataract in Epha2+/- mice in this strain on FVB background, which was previously reported. On FVB:C57BL/6J background, Epha2-/- mice developed severe cortical cataract by 38 weeks and Epha2+/- mice exhibited mild cortical cataract up to 64 weeks of age. Progression of cataract in Epha2-/- and Epha2+/- female mice on C57BL/6J and mixed background, respectively, was slower than in matched male mice. N-cadherin and β-catenin immunolabeling showed disorganized lens fiber cells and disruption of lens architecture in Epha2-/- and Epha2+/- lenses, coinciding with development of severe cataracts. EPHA2 immunolabeling showed intracellular accumulation of the mutant EPHA2-β-galactosidase fusion protein that induced a cytoprotective ER stress response and in Epha2+/- lenses was also accompanied by glutathione redox imbalance. Conclusions Both, Epha2-/- and Epha2+/- mice develop age-related cortical cataract; age as a function of Epha2 genotype, sex, and genetic background influence Epha2-related cataractogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Dave
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammad Alamein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karina Skrzypiec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justin Beltz
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States
| | - Annalise Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States
| | - Robb U de Iongh
- Ocular Development Laboratory, Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Wang G, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Li Y. The expression and diagnostic value of serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:399-408. [PMID: 34092605 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several molecules are highly expressed in the serum of cancer patients, and can be used as serological markers. This approach has become one of the important auxiliary diagnostic methods for cancer. AIM To investigate the correlation between the serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A and the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as the potential value of these molecules in the diagnosis of CRC. METHODS ELISA was used to detect the levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A in the peripheral venous serum of 106 newly diagnosed patients with CRC and 69 normal controls. The relationship between the serum EphA2 and VEGF-A levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients was analyzed. ROC analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic value of the serum EphA2 and VEGF-A levels in CRC, and the optimal cutoff value was calculated. RESULTS The serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A in the CRC group were higher than those in the control as well as CEA, the serum level of EphA2 was positively correlated with the VEGF-A levels, but neither was significantly associated with the clinicopathological parameters of CRC. The ROC curve showed that the single index AUC was < 0.7 except for VEGF-A, and the accuracy of the combined diagnosis was higher than that of any other single index. The diagnosis scheme involving all three markers was the best (the sensitivity was 60.40%, the specificity was 92.8%, and the accuracy was 53.1%). The best critical values calculated were EphA2 > 297.92 ng/ml, EphA2 > 183.92 pg/ml and CEA > 5.19 ng/ml. CONCLUSION The serum levels of EphA2 and VEGF-A are high in CRC patients, and the combine detection of CEA, EphA2 and VEGF-A can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, Guzhen County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guzhen, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yigao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yida Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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14
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Hill W, Zaragkoulias A, Salvador-Barbero B, Parfitt GJ, Alatsatianos M, Padilha A, Porazinski S, Woolley TE, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Hogan C. EPHA2-dependent outcompetition of KRASG12D mutant cells by wild-type neighbors in the adult pancreas. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2550-2560.e5. [PMID: 33891893 PMCID: PMC8231095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As we age, our tissues are repeatedly challenged by mutational insult, yet cancer occurrence is a relatively rare event. Cells carrying cancer-causing genetic mutations compete with normal neighbors for space and survival in tissues. However, the mechanisms underlying mutant-normal competition in adult tissues and the relevance of this process to cancer remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how the adult pancreas maintains tissue health in vivo following sporadic expression of oncogenic Kras (KrasG12D), the key driver mutation in human pancreatic cancer. We find that when present in tissues in low numbers, KrasG12D mutant cells are outcompeted and cleared from exocrine and endocrine compartments in vivo. Using quantitative 3D tissue imaging, we show that before being cleared, KrasG12D cells lose cell volume, pack into round clusters, and E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions decrease at boundaries with normal neighbors. We identify EphA2 receptor as an essential signal in the clearance of KrasG12D cells from exocrine and endocrine tissues in vivo. In the absence of functional EphA2, KrasG12D cells do not alter cell volume or shape, E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions increase and KrasG12D cells are retained in tissues. The retention of KRasG12D cells leads to the early appearance of premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) in tissues. Our data show that adult pancreas tissues remodel to clear KrasG12D cells and maintain tissue health. This study provides evidence to support a conserved functional role of EphA2 in Ras-driven cell competition in epithelial tissues and suggests that EphA2 is a novel tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Andreas Zaragkoulias
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Beatriz Salvador-Barbero
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Geraint J Parfitt
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Markella Alatsatianos
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ana Padilha
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sean Porazinski
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas E Woolley
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Hogan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
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15
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Morimoto H, Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Orwig KE, Shinohara T. Expression and functional analyses of ephrin type-A receptor 2 in mouse spermatogonial stem cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:220-232. [PMID: 31403678 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo continuous self-renewal division in response to self-renewal factors. The present study identified ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) on mouse SSCs and showed that supplementation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which are both SSC self-renewal factors, induced EPHA2 expression in cultured SSCs. Spermatogonial transplantation combined with magnetic-activated cell sorting or fluorescence-activated cell sorting also revealed that EPHA2 was expressed in SSCs. Additionally, ret proto-oncogene (RET) phosphorylation levels decreased following the knockdown (KD) of Epha2 expression via short hairpin ribonucleic acid (RNA). Although the present immunoprecipitation experiments did not reveal an association between RET with EPHA2, RET interacted with FGFR2. The Epha2 KD decreased the proliferation of cultured SSCs and inhibited the binding of cultured SSCs to laminin-coated plates. The Epha2 KD also significantly reduced the colonization of testis cells by spermatogonial transplantation. EPHA2 was also expressed in human GDNF family receptor alpha 1-positive spermatogonia. The present results indicate that SSCs express EPHA2 and suggest that it is a critical modifier of self-renewal signals in SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyle E Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Silva TP, Sousa-Luís R, Fernandes TG, Bekman EP, Rodrigues CAV, Vaz SH, Moreira LM, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Carmo-Fonseca M, Cabral JMS. Transcriptome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebellar organoids reveals faster commitment under dynamic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2781-2803. [PMID: 33871054 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for disease modeling. However, generating iPSC-derived models to study brain diseases remains a challenge. In particular, the ability to recapitulate cerebellar development in vitro is still limited. We presented a reproducible and scalable production of cerebellar organoids by using the novel single-use Vertical-Wheel bioreactors, in which functional cerebellar neurons were obtained. Here, we evaluate the global gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) across cerebellar differentiation, demonstrating a faster cerebellar commitment in this novel dynamic differentiation protocol. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiles suggest a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) in dynamic-derived cerebellar organoids, which can better mimic the neural microenvironment and support a consistent neuronal network. Thus, an efficient generation of organoids with cerebellar identity was achieved for the first time in a continuous process using a dynamic system without the need of organoids encapsulation in ECM-based hydrogels, allowing the possibility of large-scale production and application in high-throughput processes. The presence of factors that favors angiogenesis onset was also detected in dynamic conditions, which can enhance functional maturation of cerebellar organoids. We anticipate that large-scale production of cerebellar organoids may help developing models for drug screening, toxicological tests, and studying pathological pathways involved in cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Sousa-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia P Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Portugal
| | - Leonilde M Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Hooglugt A, van der Stoel MM, Boon RA, Huveneers S. Endothelial YAP/TAZ Signaling in Angiogenesis and Tumor Vasculature. Front Oncol 2021; 10:612802. [PMID: 33614496 PMCID: PMC7890025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.612802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are dependent on vascularization for their growth. The hypoxic, stiff, and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment induces angiogenesis, giving rise to an immature, proliferative, and permeable vasculature. The tumor vessels promote tumor metastasis and complicate delivery of anti-cancer therapies. In many types of tumors, YAP/TAZ activation is correlated with increased levels of angiogenesis. In addition, endothelial YAP/TAZ activation is important for the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels during development. Oncogenic activation of YAP/TAZ in tumor cell growth and invasion has been studied in great detail, however the role of YAP/TAZ within the tumor endothelium remains insufficiently understood, which complicates therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting YAP/TAZ in cancer. Here, we overview the upstream signals from the tumor microenvironment that control endothelial YAP/TAZ activation and explore the role of their downstream targets in driving tumor angiogenesis. We further discuss the potential for anti-cancer treatments and vascular normalization strategies to improve tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aukie Hooglugt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miesje M. van der Stoel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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London M, Gallo E. The EphA2 and cancer connection: potential for immune-based interventions. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8037-8048. [PMID: 32990903 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Eph (erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular) receptors form the largest known subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. These receptors interact with membrane-bound ephrin ligands via direct cell-cell interactions resulting in bi-directional activation of signal pathways. Importantly, the Eph receptors play critical roles in embryonic tissue organization and homeostasis, and in the maintenance of adult processes such as long-term potentiation, angiogenesis, and stem cell differentiation. The Eph receptors also display properties of both tumor promoters and suppressors depending on the cellular context. Characterization of EphA2 receptor in regard to EphA2 dysregulation has revealed associations with various pathological processes, especially cancer. The analysis of various tumor types generally identify EphA2 receptor as overexpressed and/or mutated, and for certain types of cancers EphA2 is linked with poor prognosis and decreased patient survival. Thus, here we highlight the role of EphA2 in malignant tissues that are specific to cancer; these include glioblastoma multiforme, prostate cancer, ovarian and uterine cancers, gastric carcinoma, melanoma, and breast cancer. Due to its large extracellular domain, therapeutic targeting of EphA2 with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which may function as inhibitors of ligand activation or as molecular agonists, has been an oft-attempted strategy. Therefore, we review the most current mAb-based therapies against EphA2 expressing cancers currently in pre-clinical and/or clinical stages. Finally, we discuss the latest peptides and cyclical-peptides that function as selective agonists for EphA2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max London
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Eugenio Gallo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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19
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Vreeken D, Zhang H, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. Ephs and Ephrins in Adult Endothelial Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165623. [PMID: 32781521 PMCID: PMC7460586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are important guidance molecules during neurological and vascular development. In recent years, it has become clear that the Eph protein family remains functional in adult physiology. A subset of Ephs and ephrins is highly expressed by endothelial cells. As endothelial cells form the first barrier between the blood and surrounding tissues, maintenance of a healthy endothelium is crucial for tissue homeostasis. This review gives an overview of the current insights of the role of ephrin ligands and receptors in endothelial function and leukocyte recruitment in the (patho)physiology of adult vascular biology.
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20
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Hao Y, Li G. Role of EFNA1 in tumorigenesis and prospects for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110567. [PMID: 32745910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major threats to human health. It is of vital importance to reveal the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, identify effective biomarkers and develop novel treatments to improve patient outcome. EFNA1 (ephrinA1) is a member of the EFN family, and it has been studied extensively since its discovery in 1990. Increasing evidence indicates that EFNA1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of tumors. We provide a detailed overview of the expression and prognostic value of EFNA1 in different types of human malignancies. We briefly discuss the mechanisms of EFNA1 induction in hypoxic environments and its pro-angiogenic function in different cancer cells. We describe the effects of EFNA1 on tumor growth, invasiveness and metastasis. We summarize recent advances in EFNA1-associated cancer therapeutics with emphasis on the prospect of novel anti-tumor methods based on EFNA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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21
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Progranulin/EphA2 axis: A novel oncogenic mechanism in bladder cancer. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:10-24. [PMID: 32417448 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth factor progranulin plays a critical role in bladder cancer by modulating tumor cell motility and invasion. Progranulin regulates remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by interacting with drebrin, an actin binding protein that regulates tumor growth. We previously discovered that progranulin depletion inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and markedly reduces in vivo tumor growth. Moreover, progranulin depletion sensitizes urothelial cancer cells to cisplatin treatment, further substantiating a pro-survival function of progranulin. Until recently, the progranulin signaling receptor remained unidentified, precluding a full understanding of progranulin action in tumor cell biology. We recently identified EphA2, a member of a large family of receptor tyrosine-kinases, as the functional receptor for progranulin. However, it is not established whether EphA2 plays an oncogenic role in bladder cancer. Here we demonstrate that progranulin, and not ephrin-A1, the canonical ligand for EphA2, is the predominant EphA2 ligand in bladder cancer. Progranulin evoked Akt- and Erk1/2-mediated EphA2 phosphorylation at Ser897, which could drive bladder tumorigenesis. We discovered that EphA2 depletion severely blunted progranulin-dependent motility and anchorage-independent growth, and sensitized bladder cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. We further defined the mechanisms of progranulin/EphA2-dependent motility by identifying liprin-α1 as a novel progranulin-dependent EphA2 interacting protein and establishing its critical role in cell motility. The discovery of EphA2 as the functional signaling receptor for progranulin and the identification of novel downstream effectors offer a new avenue for understanding the underlying mechanism of progranulin action and may constitute novel clinical and therapeutic targets in bladder cancer.
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22
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Leite M, Marques MS, Melo J, Pinto MT, Cavadas B, Aroso M, Gomez-Lazaro M, Seruca R, Figueiredo C. Helicobacter Pylori Targets the EPHA2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Gastric Cells Modulating Key Cellular Functions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020513. [PMID: 32102381 PMCID: PMC7072728 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a stomach-colonizing Gram-negative bacterium, is the main etiological factor of various gastroduodenal diseases, including gastric adenocarcinoma. By establishing a life-long infection of the gastric mucosa, H. pylori continuously activates host-signaling pathways, in particular those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases. Using two different gastric epithelial cell lines, we show that H. pylori targets the receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2. For long periods of time post-infection, H. pylori induces EPHA2 protein downregulation without affecting its mRNA levels, an effect preceded by receptor activation via phosphorylation. EPHA2 receptor downregulation occurs via the lysosomal degradation pathway and is independent of the H.pylori virulence factors CagA, VacA, and T4SS. Using small interfering RNA, we show that EPHA2 knockdown affects cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis, which are critical cellular processes in early gastric lesions and carcinogenesis mediated by the bacteria. This work contributes to the unraveling of the underlying mechanisms of H. pylori–host interactions and associated diseases. Additionally, it raises awareness for potential interference between H. pylori infection and the efficacy of gastric cancer therapies targeting receptors tyrosine kinases, given that infection affects the steady-state levels and dynamics of some receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leite
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.F.); Tel.: +351-220-408-800 (M.L. & C.F.)
| | - Miguel S. Marques
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Joana Melo
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T. Pinto
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- INEB–Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Ipatimup–Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (J.M.); (M.T.P.); (B.C.); (R.S.)
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.G.-L.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (C.F.); Tel.: +351-220-408-800 (M.L. & C.F.)
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Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhao P, Zhao H, Gao W, Wang L. Celastrol Suppresses Glioma Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation and Angiogenesis by Blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:25. [PMID: 32116702 PMCID: PMC7025498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are thought to be the predominant processes ensuring tumor blood supply during the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM). Celastrol has potential anti-glioma effects, however the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclarified. Recent studies have shown that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is closely related to angiogenesis and VM formation. In the present study, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that celastrol eliminated VM formation by blocking this signaling pathway in glioma cells. By the treatment of celastrol, tumor growth was suppressed, tight junction and basal lamina structures in tumor microvasculature were disarranged in U87 glioma orthotopic xenografts in nude mice. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-CD31 staining revealed that celastrol inhibited both VM and angiogenesis in tumor tissues. Additionally, celastrol reduced the expression levels of the angiogenesis-related proteins CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 2, angiopoietin (Ang) 2 and VEGFA, VM-related proteins ephrin type-A receptor (EphA) 2, and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, phosphorylated PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were also downregulated by treatment with celastrol. In vitro, we further demonstrated that celastrol inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of U87 and U251 cells, disrupted VM formation, and blocked the activity of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Collectively, our data suggest that celastrol inhibits VM formation and angiogenesis likely by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xihong Liu
- Basic Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhao
- Basic Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Refueling the Ischemic CNS: Guidance Molecules for Vascular Repair. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:644-656. [PMID: 31285047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke patients have only limited therapeutic options and often remain with considerable disabilities. To promote neurological recovery, angiogenesis in the ischemic peri-infarct region has been recognized as an encouraging therapeutic target. Despite advances in mechanistic understanding of vascular growth and repair, effective and safe angiogenic treatments are currently missing. Besides the most intensively studied angiogenic growth factors, recent research has indicated that the process of vascular sprouting and migration also requires the participation of guidance molecules, many of which were initially identified as regulators of axonal growth. Here, we review the inhibitory and growth-promoting effects of guidance molecules on the vascular system and discuss their potential as novel angiogenic targets for neurovascular diseases.
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25
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Park SH, Jo MJ, Kim BR, Jeong YA, Na YJ, Kim JL, Jeong S, Yun HK, Kim DY, Kim BG, Kang SH, Oh SC, Lee DH. Sonic hedgehog pathway activation is associated with cetuximab resistance and EPHB3 receptor induction in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2235-2251. [PMID: 31149041 PMCID: PMC6531304 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major problem of colorectal cancer (CRC) targeted therapies is relapse caused by drug resistance. In most cases of CRC, patients develop resistance to anticancer drugs. Cetuximab does not show many of the side effects of other anticancer drugs and improves the survival of patients with metastatic CRC. However, the molecular mechanism of cetuximab resistance is not fully understood. Methods: EPHB3-mediated cetuximab resistance was confirmed by in vitro western blotting, colony-forming assays, WST-1 colorimetric assay, and in vivo xenograft models (n = 7 per group). RNA-seq analysis and receptor tyrosine kinase assays were performed to identify the cetuximab resistance mechanism of EPHB3. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The expression of EFNB3, which upregulates the EPHB3 receptor, was shown to be increased via microarray analysis. When resistance to cetuximab was acquired, EPHB3 protein levels increased. Hedgehog signaling, cancer stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling proteins were also increased in the cetuximab-resistant human colon cancer cell line SW48R. Despite cells acquiring resistance to cetuximab, STAT3 was still responsive to EGF and cetuximab treatment. Moreover, inhibition of EPHB3 was associated with decreased STAT3 activity. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that EGFR and EPHB3 bind to each other and this binding increases upon resistance acquisition, suggesting that STAT3 is activated by the binding between EGFR and EPHB3. Protein levels of GLI-1, SOX2, and Vimentin, which are affected by STAT3, also increased. Similar results were obtained in samples from patients with CRC. Conclusion: EPHB3 expression is associated with anticancer drug resistance.
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26
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Ieguchi K, Maru Y. Roles of EphA1/A2 and ephrin-A1 in cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:841-848. [PMID: 30657619 PMCID: PMC6398892 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of the Eph/ephrin system have been intensively investigated and well documented so far since its discovery in 1987. Although the Eph/ephrin system has been implicated in pathological settings such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer, the molecular mechanism of the Eph/ephrin system in those diseases is not well understood. Especially in cancer, recent studies have demonstrated that most of Eph and ephrin are up‐ or down‐regulated in various types of cancer, and have been implicated in tumor progression, tumor malignancy, and prognosis. However, they lack consistency and are in controversy. The localization patterns of EphA1 and EphA2 in mouse lungs are very similar, and both knockout mice showed similar phenotypes in the lungs. Ephrin‐A1 that is a membrane‐anchored ligand for EphAs was co‐localized with EphA1 and EphA2 in lung vascular endothelial cells. We recently uncovered the molecular mechanism of ephrin‐A1‐induced lung metastasis by understanding the physiological function of ephrin‐A1 in lungs. This review focuses on the function of EphA1, EphA2, and ephrin‐A1 in tumors and an establishment of pre‐metastatic microenvironment in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Li JY, Xiao T, Yi HM, Yi H, Feng J, Zhu JF, Huang W, Lu SS, Zhou YH, Li XH, Xiao ZQ. S897 phosphorylation of EphA2 is indispensable for EphA2-dependent nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell invasion, metastasis and stem properties. Cancer Lett 2018; 444:162-174. [PMID: 30583071 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our phosphoproteomics identified that phosphorylation of EphA2 at serine 897 (pS897-EphA2) was significantly upregulated in the high metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells relative to non-metastatic NPC cells. However, the role and underlying mechanism of pS897-EphA2 in cancer metastasis and stem properties maintenance remain poorly understood. In this study, we established NPC cell lines with stable expression of exogenous EphA2 and EphA2-S897A using endogenous EphA2 knockdown cells, and observed that pS897-EphA2 maintained EphA2-dependent NPC cell in vitro migration and invasion, in vivo metastasis and cancer stem properties. Using phospho-kinase antibody array to identify signaling downstream of pS897-EphA2, we found that AKT/Stat3 signaling mediated pS897-EphA2-promoting NPC cell invasion, metastasis and stem properties, and Sox-2 and c-Myc were the effectors of pS897-EphA2. Immunohistochemistry showed that pS897-EphA2 was positively correlated with NPC metastasis and negatively correlated with patient overall survival. Moreover, ERK/RSK signaling controlled serum-induced pS897-EphA2 in NPC cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that pS897-EphA2 is indispensable for EphA2-dependent NPC cell invasion, metastasis and stem properties by activating AKT/Stat3/Sox-2 and c-Myc signaling pathway, suggesting that pS897-EphA2 can serve as a therapeutic target in NPC and perhaps in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ta Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jin-Feng Zhu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lu
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xin-Hui Li
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted Therapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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28
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Lazarova P, Wu Q, Kvalheim G, Suo Z, Haakenstad KW, Metodiev K, Nesland JM. Growth Factor Receptors in Hematopoietic Stem Cells: EPH Family Expression in CD34+ and CD133+ Cell Populations from Mobilized Peripheral Blood. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface antigen expression of hematopoietic stem cells has a crucial role in characterizing cell subpopulation with distinct functional properties. The Eph receptors are the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family being involved in processes like vascular remodelling during development and physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Some Eph/Ephrin members are expressed in hematopoietic cells. The ability to isolate purified cell populations co-expressing CD34 and CD133 antigens as most commonly used markers for identification of hematopoietic progenitors has provided the opportunity to identify their surface-receptor profile. As positively expressed CD34 and CD133 cells take place not only in hematopoietic but also in endothelial differentiation, we aimed to define the Eph/Ephrin characteristic of these cells and relate these findings to new therapy strategies. Positive selections of CD34 and CD133 cells from PBPC in lymphoma patients were performed using magnetic beads and AutoMACS (Miltenyi Biotec) device. The purity of isolated cells was tested by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess the Eph/Ephrin expression profile of positively selected samples. Our study revealed that all samples (10 from CD34+ and 8 from CD133+ cells) expressed one or more of Eph/Ephrin antigens in different proportions. All CD34 + cell samples, and 6 of 8 in the CD133+ cell fraction were strongly immunoreactive for EphA2. EphB2 was strongly expressed in all CD133+ cases, but 50% of the CD34 positive group lacked or weakly expressed this receptor. EphB4 was negative in 9 of 10 CD34+ cases and in all CD133 +cells. Thus, we have shown the surface marker profile of positively selected CD34 and CD133 cells in leukapheresis samples from lymphoma patients with regard to Eph/Ephrin receptors and discussed their biological clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lazarova
- Lab for Cellular Therapy, The National Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - Q. Wu
- Department of Pathology, The National Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - G. Kvalheim
- Lab for Cellular Therapy, The National Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - Z. Suo
- Department of Pathology, The National Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - K. W. Haakenstad
- Lab for Cellular Therapy, The National Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway
| | - K. Metodiev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University, Varna 9002, Bulgaria
| | - J. M. Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The National Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo 0310, Norway
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29
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Finney AC, Orr AW. Guidance Molecules in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1311. [PMID: 30283356 PMCID: PMC6157320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several highly conserved families of guidance molecules, including ephrins, Semaphorins, Netrins, and Slits, play conserved and distinct roles in tissue remodeling during tissue patterning and disease pathogenesis. Primarily, these guidance molecules function as either secreted or surface-bound ligands that interact with their receptors to activate a variety of downstream effects, including cell contractility, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and inflammation. Vascular smooth muscle cells, contractile cells comprising the medial layer of the vessel wall and deriving from the mural population, regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. While capillaries lack a medial layer of vascular smooth muscle, mural-derived pericytes contribute similarly to capillary tone to regulate blood flow in various tissues. Furthermore, pericyte coverage is critical in vascular development, as perturbations disrupt vascular permeability and viability. During cardiovascular disease, smooth muscle cells play a more dynamic role in which suppression of contractile markers, enhanced proliferation, and migration lead to the progression of aberrant vascular remodeling. Since many types of guidance molecules are expressed in vascular smooth muscle and pericytes, these may contribute to blood vessel formation and aberrant remodeling during vascular disease. While vascular development is a large focus of the existing literature, studies emerged to address post-developmental roles for guidance molecules in pathology and are of interest as novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss the roles of guidance molecules in vascular smooth muscle and pericyte function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Christine Finney
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Anthony Wayne Orr
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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30
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Viewing the Eph receptors with a focus on breast cancer heterogeneity. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:160-171. [PMID: 30055288 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of different family members of the Eph/ephrin system, which comprises the Eph receptors (Ephs) and their ligands (ephrins), has been implicated in various malignancies including breast cancer. The latter presents as a heterogeneous disease with diverse molecular, morphologic and clinical behavior signatures. This review reflects the existing Eph/ephrin literature while focusing on breast cancer heterogeneity. Hormone positive, HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, xenografts/mutant animal models and patient samples are examined separately as, in humans, they represent entities with differences in prognosis and treatment. EphA2, EphB4 and EphB6 are the members most extensively studied in breast cancer. Existing research points to the potential use of various Eph/ephrin members as biomarkers for assessing prognosis and selecting the most suitable therapeutic strategies in variable clinical scenarios, also for overcoming drug resistance, in the era of breast cancer heterogeneity.
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31
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Zhou Y, Shiels A. Epha2 and Efna5 participate in lens cell pattern-formation. Differentiation 2018; 102:1-9. [PMID: 29800803 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) and one of its ligands, ephrin-A5 (EFNA5), have been associated with loss of eye lens transparency, or cataract, - an important cause of visual impairment. Here we show that mice functionally lacking EPHA2 (Epha2-null), EFNA5 (Efna5-null), or both receptor and ligand (Epha2/Efna5-null) consistently develop mostly transparent lenses with an internal refractive disturbance and a grossly disturbed cellular architecture. In situ hybridization localized Epha2 and Efna5 transcripts to lens epithelial cells and nascent fiber cells at the lens equator. In vivo labeling of Epha2-null lenses with a thymidine analog detected a significant decrease in lens epithelial cell proliferation within the germinative zone resulting in impaired early lens growth. Ex vivo imaging of Epha2-null, Efna5-null, and Epha2/Efna5-null lenses labelled in vivo with a membrane-targeted red fluorescent protein revealed misalignment of elongating fiber cells at the lens equator and loss of Y-suture pattern formation near the anterior and posterior poles of the lens. Immuno-fluorescent labeling of lens major intrinsic protein or aquaporin-0 (MIP/AQP0) showed that the precise, radial column patterning of hexagonal fiber cells throughout the cortex region was disrupted in Epha2-null, Efna5-null and Epha2/Efna5-null lenses. Collectively, these data suggest that Epha2 and Efna5 participate in the complex, global patterning of lens fiber cells that is necessary for maximal optical quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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32
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Malik VA, Di Benedetto B. The Blood-Brain Barrier and the EphR/Ephrin System: Perspectives on a Link Between Neurovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:127. [PMID: 29706868 PMCID: PMC5906525 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions among endothelial cells (EC) forming blood vessels and their surrounding cell types are essential to establish the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an integral part of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Research on the NVU has recently seen a renaissance to especially understand the neurobiology of vascular and brain pathologies and their frequently occurring comorbidities. Diverse signaling molecules activated in the near proximity of blood vessels trigger paracellular pathways which regulate the formation and stabilization of tight junctions (TJ) between EC and thereby influence BBB permeability. Among regulatory molecules, the erythropoietin-producing-hepatocellular carcinoma receptors (EphR) and their Eph receptor-interacting signals (ephrins) play a pivotal role in EC differentiation, angiogenesis and BBB integrity. Multiple EphR-ligand interactions between EC and other cell types influence different aspects of angiogenesis and BBB formation. Such interactions additionally control BBB sealing properties and thus the penetration of substances into the brain parenchyma. Thus, they play critical roles in the healthy brain and during the pathogenesis of brain disorders. In this mini-review article, we aim at integrating the constantly growing literature about the functional roles of the EphR/ephrin system for the development of the vascular system and the BBB and in the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. We suggest the hypothesis that a disrupted EphR/ephrin signaling at the BBB might represent an underappreciated molecular hub of disease comorbidity. Finally, we propose the possibility that the EphR/ephrin system bears the potential of becoming a novel target for the development of alternative therapeutic treatments, focusing on such comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Malik
- RG Neuro-Glia Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Benedetto
- RG Neuro-Glia Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Besnard V, Calender A, Bouvry D, Pacheco Y, Chapelon-Abric C, Jeny F, Nunes H, Planès C, Valeyre D. G908R NOD2 variant in a family with sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:44. [PMID: 29554915 PMCID: PMC5859391 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in various organs, mainly the lungs and the lymphatic system. Exaggerated granulomatous reaction might be triggered in response to unidentified antigens in individuals with genetic susceptibility. The present study aimed to determine the genetic variants implicated in a familial case of sarcoidosis. Methods Sarcoidosis presentation and history, NOD2 profile, NF-κB and cytokine production in blood monocytes/macrophages were evaluated in individuals from a family with late appearance of sarcoidosis. Results In the present study, we report a case of familial sarcoidosis with typical thoracic sarcoidosis and carrying the NOD2 2722G > C variant. This variant is associated with the presence of three additional SNPs for the IL17RA, KALRN and EPHA2 genes, which discriminate patients expressing the disease from others. Despite a decrease in NF-κB activity, IL-8 and TNF-A mRNA levels were increased at baseline and in stimulated conditions. Conclusions Combination of polymorphisms in the NOD2, IL17RA, EPHA2 and KALRN genes could play a significant role in the development of sarcoidosis by maintaining a chronic pro-inflammatory status in macrophages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0748-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Besnard
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire EA2363 "Hypoxie et Poumon", 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.
| | - Alain Calender
- Génétique des cancers et maladies multifactorielles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, GHE, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie ES, Bron, France
| | - Diane Bouvry
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire EA2363 "Hypoxie et Poumon", 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Yves Pacheco
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, EA-7426, Lyon, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - EA-7426, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, F-69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Catherine Chapelon-Abric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Florence Jeny
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire EA2363 "Hypoxie et Poumon", 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire EA2363 "Hypoxie et Poumon", 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Carole Planès
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire EA2363 "Hypoxie et Poumon", 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire EA2363 "Hypoxie et Poumon", 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017, Bobigny cedex, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
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Fokas E, Kamlah F, Hänze J, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Rose F, An HX. EphA2 blockade enhances the anti-endothelial effect of radiation and inhibits irradiated tumor cell-induced migration of endothelial cells. Thorac Cancer 2018; 1:153-162. [PMID: 27755819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2010.00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EphA2 tyrosine kinase plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis, but whether targeting this pathway can affect response to ionizing radiation (IR) remains unknown. METHODS We investigated, using a soluble EphA2-Fc chimera, whether EphA2 inhibition could sensitize A549 and MCF-7 tumor cells, as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), to IR. RESULTS EphA2-Fc resulted in a greater response of endothelial cells (EC) to IR than either treatment alone. EphA2-Fc significantly increased apoptosis and decreased clonogenic survival, tube formation and migration in irradiated EC after stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), without an affecting their proliferation. No difference in proliferation or survival was found in A549 and MCF-7 tumor cells. In a co-culture model, EphA2-Fc inhibited an irradiated A549 cell-induced increase in EC migration. VEGF supplementation, as well as condiotioned medium from irradiated A549 cells, phosphorylated EphA2 in EC. The latter was abrogated by EphA2-Fc. CONCLUSIONS EC were most sensitive to a combination of EphA2 inhibition and radiotherapy. The induction of paracrine growth factors and activation of EphA2 in EC suggest a protective mechanism that tumors probably use to attenuate IR-induced antivascular effects. Our data justify further investigation to explore targeting EphA2 in tumor radiosensitivity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Fokas
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florentine Kamlah
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hänze
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rita Engenhart-Cabillic
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Rose
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Han-Xiang An
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Yang JS, Wei HX, Chen PP, Wu G. Roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in central nervous system injury and recovery. Exp Ther Med 2018. [PMID: 29456630 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5702.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular components are involved in the complex pathological process following central nervous system (CNS) injury, including neurons, glial cells and endothelial cells. Previous studies and neurotherapeutic clinical trials have assessed the molecular mechanisms that underlie neuronal cell death following CNS injury. However, this approach has largely failed to reduce CNS damage or improve the functional recovery of patients. Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptors and ephrin ligands have attracted considerable attention since their discovery, due to their extensive distribution and unique bidirectional signaling between astrocytes and neurons. Previous studies have investigated the roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in the developing central nervous system. It was determined that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling is expressed in various CNS regions and cell types, and that it serves diverse roles in the adult CNS. In the present review, the roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in CNS injuries are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Xing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
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36
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Abdullah NL, Mohd-Zin SW, Ahmad-Annuar A, Abdul-Aziz NM. A Novel Occulta-Type Spina Bifida Mediated by Murine Double Heterozygotes EphA2 and EphA4 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 5:105. [PMID: 29312933 PMCID: PMC5732981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase have previously been implicated in cranial neural tube development. Failure of neural tube closure leads to the devastating conditions known as anencephaly and spina bifida. EphA2 and EphA4 are expressed at the tips of the closing spinal neural folds prior and during neural tube closure. We investigated the possible role of murine EphA2 and EphA4 during the last step of primary neural tube closure, which is adhesion and fusion. The individual mouse knockouts of EphA2 and EphA4 per se do not exhibit neural tube defects (NTDs). The embryos generated by the crossing of double heterozygotes Epha2tm1Jrui/+Epha4rb-2J/+ displayed NTDs with a wide degree of severity including close exencephaly and close spina bifida (spina bifida occulta). Interestingly, mutants displaying NTDs had skin covering the underlying lesion. The tissue sections revealed the elevated neural folds had not adhered and fused. The phenotypes seen in Epha2tm1Jrui/+Epha4rb-2J/+ double heterozygous embryos suggest both genes play a compensatory role with each other in the adhesion and fusion of the neural tube. In this study, there exists a >50% penetrance of NTDs in the mouse mutants, which genetically have a single allele each of EphA2 and EphA4 absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Linda Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti W Mohd-Zin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraishah M Abdul-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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37
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Yang JS, Wei HX, Chen PP, Wu G. Roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in central nervous system injury and recovery. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2219-2227. [PMID: 29456630 PMCID: PMC5795627 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular components are involved in the complex pathological process following central nervous system (CNS) injury, including neurons, glial cells and endothelial cells. Previous studies and neurotherapeutic clinical trials have assessed the molecular mechanisms that underlie neuronal cell death following CNS injury. However, this approach has largely failed to reduce CNS damage or improve the functional recovery of patients. Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptors and ephrin ligands have attracted considerable attention since their discovery, due to their extensive distribution and unique bidirectional signaling between astrocytes and neurons. Previous studies have investigated the roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in the developing central nervous system. It was determined that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling is expressed in various CNS regions and cell types, and that it serves diverse roles in the adult CNS. In the present review, the roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in CNS injuries are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Xing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
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38
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Wan Y, Yang JS, Xu LC, Huang XJ, Wang W, Xie MJ. Roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling during injury and recovery of the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1313-1321. [PMID: 30106032 PMCID: PMC6108204 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular components, including neuronal, glial and endothelial cells, are involved in the sophisticated pathological processes following central nervous system injury. The pathological process cannot reduce damage or improve functional recovery by merely targeting the molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell death after central nerve system injuries. Eph receptors and ephrin ligands have drawn wide attention since the discovery of their extensive distribution and unique bidirectional signaling between astrocytes and neurons. The roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in the developmental processes have been reported in previous research. Recent observations suggest that Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling continues to be expressed in most regions and cell types in the adult central nervous system, playing diverse roles. The Eph/ephrin complex mediates neurogenesis and angiogenesis, promotes glial scar formation, regulates endocrine levels, inhibits myelin formation and aggravates inflammation and nerve pain caused by injury. The interaction between Eph and ephrin is also considered to be the key to angiogenesis. This review focuses on the roles of Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling in the repair of central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Shan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Cai Xu
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation Center, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min-Jie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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39
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Shi Y, Challa S, Sang P, She F, Li C, Gray GM, Nimmagadda A, Teng P, Odom T, Wang Y, van der Vaart A, Li Q, Cai J. One-Bead-Two-Compound Thioether Bridged Macrocyclic γ-AApeptide Screening Library against EphA2. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9290-9298. [PMID: 29111705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of molecular ligands that recognize peptides or proteins is significant but poses a fundamental challenge in chemical biology and biomedical sciences. Development of cyclic peptidomimetic library is scarce, and thus discovery of cyclic peptidomimetic ligands for protein targets is rare. Herein we report the unprecedented one-bead-two-compound (OBTC) combinatorial library based on a novel class of the macrocyclic peptidomimetics γ-AApeptides. In the library, we utilized the coding peptide tags synthesized with Dde-protected α-amino acids, which were orthogonal to solid phase synthesis of γ-AApeptides. Employing the thioether linkage, the desired macrocyclic γ-AApeptides were found to be effective for ligand identification. Screening the library against the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 led to the discovery of one lead compound that tightly bound to EphA2 (Kd = 81 nM) and potently antagonized EphA2-mediated signaling. This new approach of macrocyclic peptidomimetic library may lead to a novel platform for biomacromolecular surface recognition and function modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Sridevi Challa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Peng Sang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Fengyu She
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chunpu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Geoffrey M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Alekhya Nimmagadda
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Peng Teng
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Timothy Odom
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arjan van der Vaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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Morrison Joly M, Williams MM, Hicks DJ, Jones B, Sanchez V, Young CD, Sarbassov DD, Muller WJ, Brantley-Sieders D, Cook RS. Two distinct mTORC2-dependent pathways converge on Rac1 to drive breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:74. [PMID: 28666462 PMCID: PMC5493112 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of the mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling complex in tumor progression is becoming increasingly recognized. HER2-amplified breast cancers use Rictor/mTORC2 signaling to drive tumor formation, tumor cell survival and resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy. Cell motility, a key step in the metastatic process, can be activated by mTORC2 in luminal and triple negative breast cancer cell lines, but its role in promoting metastases from HER2-amplified breast cancers is not yet clear. Methods Because Rictor is an obligate cofactor of mTORC2, we genetically engineered Rictor ablation or overexpression in mouse and human HER2-amplified breast cancer models for modulation of mTORC2 activity. Signaling through mTORC2-dependent pathways was also manipulated using pharmacological inhibitors of mTOR, Akt, and Rac. Signaling was assessed by western analysis and biochemical pull-down assays specific for Rac-GTP and for active Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Metastases were assessed from spontaneous tumors and from intravenously delivered tumor cells. Motility and invasion of cells was assessed using Matrigel-coated transwell assays. Results We found that Rictor ablation potently impaired, while Rictor overexpression increased, metastasis in spontaneous and intravenously seeded models of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. Additionally, migration and invasion of HER2-amplified human breast cancer cells was diminished in the absence of Rictor, or upon pharmacological mTOR kinase inhibition. Active Rac1 was required for Rictor-dependent invasion and motility, which rescued invasion/motility in Rictor depleted cells. Rictor/mTORC2-dependent dampening of the endogenous Rac1 inhibitor RhoGDI2, a factor that correlated directly with increased overall survival in HER2-amplified breast cancer patients, promoted Rac1 activity and tumor cell invasion/migration. The mTORC2 substrate Akt did not affect RhoGDI2 dampening, but partially increased Rac1 activity through the Rac-GEF Tiam1, thus partially rescuing cell invasion/motility. The mTORC2 effector protein kinase C (PKC)α did rescue Rictor-mediated RhoGDI2 downregulation, partially rescuing Rac-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and migration/motility. Conclusion These findings suggest that mTORC2 uses two coordinated pathways to activate cell invasion/motility, both of which converge on Rac1. Akt signaling activates Rac1 through the Rac-GEF Tiam1, while PKC signaling dampens expression of the endogenous Rac1 inhibitor, RhoGDI2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0868-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Morrison Joly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bayley Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dos D Sarbassov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dana Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Rm 749 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Song W, Hwang Y, Youngblood VM, Cook RS, Balko JM, Chen J, Brantley-Sieders DM. Targeting EphA2 impairs cell cycle progression and growth of basal-like/triple-negative breast cancers. Oncogene 2017; 36:5620-5630. [PMID: 28581527 PMCID: PMC5629103 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like/triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are among the most aggressive forms of breast cancer, and disproportionally affects young premenopausal women and women of African descent. Patients with TNBC suffer a poor prognosis due in part to a lack of molecularly targeted therapies, which represents a critical barrier for effective treatment. Here, we identify EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a clinically relevant target for TNBC. EphA2 expression is enriched in the basal-like molecular subtype in human breast cancers. Loss of EphA2 function in both human and genetically engineered mouse models of TNBC reduced tumor growth in culture and in vivo. Mechanistically, targeting EphA2 impaired cell cycle progression through S-phase via downregulation of c-Myc and stabilization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/KIP1. A small molecule kinase inhibitor of EphA2 effectively suppressed tumor cell growth in vivo, including TNBC patient-derived xenografts. Thus, our data identify EphA2 as a novel molecular target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Y Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - V M Youngblood
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J M Balko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D M Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Finney AC, Funk SD, Green JM, Yurdagul A, Rana MA, Pistorius R, Henry M, Yurochko A, Pattillo CB, Traylor JG, Chen J, Woolard MD, Kevil CG, Orr AW. EphA2 Expression Regulates Inflammation and Fibroproliferative Remodeling in Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2017; 136:566-582. [PMID: 28487392 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque formation results from chronic inflammation and fibroproliferative remodeling in the vascular wall. We previously demonstrated that both human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques show elevated expression of EphA2, a guidance molecule involved in cell-cell interactions and tumorigenesis. METHODS Here, we assessed the role of EphA2 in atherosclerosis by deleting EphA2 in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (Apoe-/-) and by assessing EphA2 function in multiple vascular cell culture models. After 8 to 16 weeks on a Western diet, male and female mice were assessed for atherosclerotic burden in the large vessels, and plasma lipid levels were analyzed. RESULTS Despite enhanced weight gain and plasma lipid levels compared with Apoe-/- controls, EphA2-/-Apoe-/- knockout mice show diminished atherosclerotic plaque formation, characterized by reduced proinflammatory gene expression and plaque macrophage content. Although plaque macrophages express EphA2, EphA2 deletion does not affect macrophage phenotype, inflammatory responses, and lipid uptake, and bone marrow chimeras suggest that hematopoietic EphA2 deletion does not affect plaque formation. In contrast, endothelial EphA2 knockdown significantly reduces monocyte firm adhesion under flow. In addition, EphA2-/-Apoe-/- mice show reduced progression to advanced atherosclerotic plaques with diminished smooth muscle and collagen content. Consistent with this phenotype, EphA2 shows enhanced expression after smooth muscle transition to a synthetic phenotype, and EphA2 depletion reduces smooth muscle proliferation, mitogenic signaling, and extracellular matrix deposition both in atherosclerotic plaques and in vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data identify a novel role for EphA2 in atherosclerosis, regulating both plaque inflammation and progression to advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Cell culture studies suggest that endothelial EphA2 contributes to atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting monocyte firm adhesion, whereas smooth muscle EphA2 expression may regulate the progression to advanced atherosclerosis by regulating smooth muscle proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Finney
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Steven D Funk
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Jonette M Green
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Mohammad Atif Rana
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Rebecca Pistorius
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Miriam Henry
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Andrew Yurochko
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - James G Traylor
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Jin Chen
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Matthew D Woolard
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.)
| | - A Wayne Orr
- From Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.C.F., S.D.F., J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, C.G.K., A.W.O.), Pathology and Translational Pathobiology (J.M.G., A. Yurdagul, R.P., M.H., J.G.T., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Cardiology (M.A.R.), Microbiology and Immunology (A. Yurochko, M.D.W.), and Molecular and Cellular Physiology (C.B.P., C.G.K., A.W.O.), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport; Departments of Cancer Biology and Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (J.C.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville (J.C.).
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EphA5 and EphA7 forward signaling enhances human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance, migration, and adhesion via Rac1 activation. Exp Hematol 2016; 48:72-78. [PMID: 27988259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are dependent upon bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In this study, we found that human primitive HSPCs (CD34+CD38-), but not lineage-committed hematopoietic cell populations, express the tyrosine kinase receptors EphA5 and EphA7. Moreover, we found that the ephrinA5 ligand, the high-affinity binding partner of EphA5 and EphA7, is highly expressed by primary human BMSCs. Previous studies have reported that interactions between EphA and ephrinA play important roles in hematopoietic cell trafficking; however, their role in BMSC support of hematopoiesis had not been described previously. Herein, we show that stimulating EphA5 and/or EphA7 forward signaling in HSPCs using soluble ephrinA5-Fc molecules promoted human HSPC-derived colony formation significantly and was associated with increased expression of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor on HSPCs. Studies using functional blocking peptides to EphA5/7 found that disruption of EphA5/ephrinA5 and/or EphA7/ephrinA5 interactions inhibited HSPC function in BMSC-dependent long-term culture-initiating cell assays. Furthermore, the adhesion and migration of HSPCs was increased significantly in the presence of ephrinA5-Fc molecules compared with human immunoglobulin G-treated controls. Conversely, blocking EphA5 activation led to a reduction of HSPC adhesion, whereas inhibiting EphA5 and/or EphA7 activation hindered HSPC migration. Analysis of HSPC cultured in the presence of ephrinA5-Fc showed that EphA forward signaling stimulated Rac1 gene and protein expression and the Rac1 target molecule WAVE1. Moreover, a significant reduction of ephrinA5-mediated HSPC adhesion and migration was observed in the presence of Rac1 inhibitor. These findings suggest that interactions between EphA and ephrinA5 are important in maintaining the HSPC niche mediated in part by activation of Rac1 signaling.
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Neill T, Buraschi S, Goyal A, Sharpe C, Natkanski E, Schaefer L, Morrione A, Iozzo RV. EphA2 is a functional receptor for the growth factor progranulin. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:687-703. [PMID: 27903606 PMCID: PMC5146997 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201603079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for the growth factor progranulin has remained unclear. Neill et al. show that the Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 is a functional signaling receptor for progranulin and mediates its effects in capillary morphogenesis and autoregulation. Although the growth factor progranulin was discovered more than two decades ago, the functional receptor remains elusive. Here, we discovered that EphA2, a member of the large family of Ephrin receptor tyrosine kinases, is a functional signaling receptor for progranulin. Recombinant progranulin bound with high affinity to EphA2 in both solid phase and solution. Interaction of progranulin with EphA2 caused prolonged activation of the receptor, downstream stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt, and promotion of capillary morphogenesis. Furthermore, we found an autoregulatory mechanism of progranulin whereby a feed-forward loop occurred in an EphA2-dependent manner that was independent of the endocytic receptor sortilin. The discovery of a functional signaling receptor for progranulin offers a new avenue for understanding the underlying mode of action of progranulin in cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis, and perhaps neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Atul Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Catherine Sharpe
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Elizabeth Natkanski
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.,Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 .,Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Regulation of endothelial migration and proliferation by ephrin-A1. Cell Signal 2016; 29:84-95. [PMID: 27742560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial migration and proliferation are fundamental processes in angiogenesis and wound healing of injured or inflamed vessels. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of the Eph/ephrin-system during endothelial proliferation and the impact of the ligand ephrin-A1 on proliferation and migration of human umbilical venous (HUVEC) and arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC). Endothelial cells that underwent contact inhibition showed a massive induction of ephrin-A1. In contrast, an injury to a confluent endothelial layer, associated with induction of migration and proliferation, showed reduced ephrin-A1 levels. In addition, reducing ephrin-A1 expression by siRNA led to increased proliferation, whereas the overexpression of ephrin-A1 led to decreased proliferative activity. Due to the fact that wound healing is a combination of proliferation and migration, migration was investigated in detail. First, classical wound-healing assays showed increased wound closure in both ephrin-A1 silenced and overexpressing cells. Live-cell imaging enlightened the underlying differences. Silencing of ephrin-A1 led to a faster but more disorientated migration. In contrast, ephrin-A1 overexpression did not influence velocity of the cells, but the migration was more directed in comparison to the controls. Additional analysis of EphA2-silenced cells showed similar results in terms of proliferation and migration compared to ephrin-A1 silenced cells. Detailed analysis of EphA2 phosphorylation on ligand-dependent phospho-site (Y588) and autonomous activation site (S897) revealed a distinct phosphorylation pattern. Furthermore, the endothelial cells ceased to migrate when they came in contact with an ephrin-A1 coated surface. Using a baculoviral-mediated expression system, ephrin-A1 silencing and overexpression was shown to modulate the formation of focal adhesions. This implicates that ephrin-A1 is involved in changes of the actin cytoskeleton which explains the alterations in migratory actions, at least in part. In conclusion, ephrin-A1 expression is regulated by cellular density and is itself a critical determinant of endothelial proliferation. According to current knowledge, ephrin-A1 seems to be remarkably involved in elementary processes of endothelial migration like cellular polarization, migratory direction and speed. These data support the notion that ephrin-A1 plays a pivotal role in basal mechanisms of re-endothelialization.
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Takahashi K, Sumarriva K, Kim R, Jiang R, Brantley-Sieders DM, Chen J, Mernaugh RL, Takahashi T. Determination of the CD148-Interacting Region in Thrombospondin-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154916. [PMID: 27149518 PMCID: PMC4858292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD148 is a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed in multiple cell types, including vascular endothelial cells and duct epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown a prominent role of CD148 to reduce growth factor signals and suppress cell proliferation and transformation. Further, we have recently shown that thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) serves as a functionally important ligand for CD148. TSP1 has multiple structural elements and interacts with various cell surface receptors that exhibit differing effects. In order to create the CD148-specific TSP1 fragment, here we investigated the CD148-interacting region in TSP1 using a series of TSP1 fragments and biochemical and biological assays. Our results demonstrate that: 1) CD148 binds to the 1st type 1 repeat in TSP1; 2) Trimeric TSP1 fragments that contain the 1st type repeat inhibit cell proliferation in A431D cells that stably express wild-type CD148 (A431D/CD148wt cells), while they show no effects in A431D cells that lack CD148 or express a catalytically inactive form of CD148. The anti-proliferative effect of the TSP1 fragment in A431D/CD148wt cells was largely abolished by CD148 knockdown and antagonized by the 1st, but not the 2nd and 3rd, type 1 repeat fragment. Furthermore, the trimeric TSP1 fragments containing the 1st type repeat increased the catalytic activity of CD148 and reduced phospho-tyrosine contents of EGFR and ERK1/2, defined CD148 substrates. These effects were not observed in the TSP1 fragments that lack the 1st type 1 repeat. Last, we demonstrate that the trimeric TSP1 fragment containing the 1st type 1 repeat inhibits endothelial cell proliferation in culture and angiogenesis in vivo. These effects were largely abolished by CD148 knockdown or deficiency. Collectively, these findings indicate that the 1st type 1 repeat interacts with CD148, reducing growth factor signals and inhibiting epithelial or endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Katherine Sumarriva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rachel Kim
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rosie Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dana M. Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Raymond L. Mernaugh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Amato KR, Wang S, Tan L, Hastings AK, Song W, Lovly CM, Meador CB, Ye F, Lu P, Balko JM, Colvin DC, Cates JM, Pao W, Gray NS, Chen J. EPHA2 Blockade Overcomes Acquired Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:305-18. [PMID: 26744526 PMCID: PMC4715957 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of treating EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), all patients eventually acquire resistance to these therapies. Although various resistance mechanisms have been described, there are currently no FDA-approved therapies that target alternative mechanisms to treat lung tumors with acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKI agents. Here we found that EPHA2 is overexpressed in EGFR TKI-resistant tumor cells. Loss of EPHA2 reduced the viability of erlotinib-resistant tumor cells harboring EGFR(T790M) mutations in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and progression in an inducible EGFR(L858R+T790M)-mutant lung cancer model in vivo. Targeting EPHA2 in erlotinib-resistant cells decreased S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of cell death agonist BAD, resulting in reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of EPHA2 by the small-molecule inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 decreased both survival and proliferation of erlotinib-resistant tumor cells and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. ALW-II-41-27 was also effective in decreasing viability of cells with acquired resistance to the third-generation EGFR TKI AZD9291. Collectively, these data define a role for EPHA2 in the maintenance of cell survival of TKI-resistant, EGFR-mutant lung cancer and indicate that EPHA2 may serve as a useful therapeutic target in TKI-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Amato
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew K. Hastings
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenqiang Song
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine M. Lovly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Catherine B. Meador
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel C. Colvin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin M. Cates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Pao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Syed N, Barbhuiya MA, Pinto SM, Nirujogi RS, Renuse S, Datta KK, Khan AA, Srikumar K, Prasad TSK, Kumar MV, Kumar RV, Chatterjee A, Pandey A, Gowda H. Phosphotyrosine profiling identifies ephrin receptor A2 as a potential therapeutic target in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. Proteomics 2015; 15:374-82. [PMID: 25366905 PMCID: PMC4309511 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies in Asia. Currently, surgical resection of early‐stage tumor is the best available treatment. However, most patients present late when surgery is not an option. Data suggest that chemotherapy regimens are inadequate for clinical management of advanced cancer. Targeted therapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to treat several malignancies. A prerequisite for developing targeted therapy is prior knowledge of proteins and pathways that drive proliferation in malignancies. We carried out phosphotyrosine profiling across four different ESCC cell lines and compared it to non‐neoplastic Het‐1A cell line to identify activated tyrosine kinase signaling pathways in ESCC. A total of 278 unique phosphopeptides were identified across these cell lines. This included several tyrosine kinases and their substrates that were hyperphosphorylated in ESCC. Ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2), a receptor tyrosine kinase, was hyperphosphorylated in all the ESCC cell lines used in the study. EPHA2 is reported to be oncogenic in several cancers and is also known to promote metastasis. Immunohistochemistry‐based studies have revealed EPHA2 is overexpressed in nearly 50% of ESCC. We demonstrated EPHA2 as a potential therapeutic target in ESCC by carrying out siRNA‐based knockdown studies. Knockdown of EPHA2 in ESCC cell line TE8 resulted in significant decrease in cell proliferation and invasion, suggesting it is a promising therapeutic target in ESCC that warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Syed
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Seim I, Ma S, Zhou X, Gerashchenko MV, Lee SG, Suydam R, George JC, Bickham JW, Gladyshev VN. The transcriptome of the bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus reveals adaptations of the longest-lived mammal. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:879-99. [PMID: 25411232 PMCID: PMC4247388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammals vary dramatically in lifespan, by at least two-orders of magnitude, but the molecular basis for this difference remains largely unknown. The bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus is the longest-lived mammal known, with an estimated maximal lifespan in excess of two hundred years. It is also one of the two largest animals and the most cold-adapted baleen whale species. Here, we report the first genome-wide gene expression analyses of the bowhead whale, based on the de novo assembly of its transcriptome. Bowhead whale or cetacean-specific changes in gene expression were identified in the liver, kidney and heart, and complemented with analyses of positively selected genes. Changes associated with altered insulin signaling and other gene expression patterns could help explain the remarkable longevity of bowhead whales as well as their adaptation to a lipid-rich diet. The data also reveal parallels in candidate longevity adaptations of the bowhead whale, naked mole rat and Brandt's bat. The bowhead whale transcriptome is a valuable resource for the study of this remarkable animal, including the evolution of longevity and its important correlates such as resistance to cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Seim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxim V Gerashchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Suydam
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | - John C George
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Morrison MM, Young CD, Wang S, Sobolik T, Sanchez VM, Hicks DJ, Cook RS, Brantley-Sieders DM. mTOR Directs Breast Morphogenesis through the PKC-alpha-Rac1 Signaling Axis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005291. [PMID: 26132202 PMCID: PMC4488502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt phosphorylation is a major driver of cell survival, motility, and proliferation in development and disease, causing increased interest in upstream regulators of Akt like mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). We used genetic disruption of Rictor to impair mTORC2 activity in mouse mammary epithelia, which decreased Akt phosphorylation, ductal length, secondary branching, cell motility, and cell survival. These effects were recapitulated with a pharmacological dual inhibitor of mTORC1/mTORC2, but not upon genetic disruption of mTORC1 function via Raptor deletion. Surprisingly, Akt re-activation was not sufficient to rescue cell survival or invasion, and modestly increased branching of mTORC2-impaired mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in culture and in vivo. However, another mTORC2 substrate, protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, fully rescued mTORC2-impaired MEC branching, invasion, and survival, as well as branching morphogenesis in vivo. PKC-alpha-mediated signaling through the small GTPase Rac1 was necessary for mTORC2-dependent mammary epithelial development during puberty, revealing a novel role for Rictor/mTORC2 in MEC survival and motility during branching morphogenesis through a PKC-alpha/Rac1-dependent mechanism. The protein kinase mTOR is frequently activated in breast cancers, where it enhances cancer cell growth, survival, and metastastic spread to distant organs. Thus, mTOR is an attractive, clinically relevant molecular target for drugs designed to treat metastatic breast cancers. However, mTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and the relative roles of each complex have not been elucidated. Moreover, as pathways that regulate normal tissue growth and development are often highjacked to promote cancer, understanding mTOR function in normal mammary epithelial development will likely provide insight into its role in tumor progression. In this study, we assessed the role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes in normal mammary epithelial cell branching, survival, and invasion. Interestingly, while mTORC1 was not required for branching, survival and invasion of mammary epithelial cells, mTORC2 was necessary for these processes in both mouse and human models. Furthermore, we found that mTORC2 exerts its effects primarily through downstream activation of a PKC-alpha-Rac1 signaling axis rather than the more well-studied Akt signaling pathway. Our studies identify a novel role for the mTORC2 complex in mammary morphogenesis, including cell survival and motility, which are relevant to breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Morrison
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tammy Sobolik
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Donna J. Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rebecca S. Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dana M. Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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