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Thomasy SM, Leonard BC, Greiner MA, Skeie JM, Raghunathan VK. Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101234. [PMID: 38176611 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
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2
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Khalatbary AR, Omraninava M, Nasiry D, Akbari M, Taghiloo S, Poorhassan M, Ebrahimpour-Malekshah R, Asadzadeh M, Raoofi A. Exosomes derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells loaded bioengineered three-dimensional amniotic membrane-scaffold-accelerated diabetic wound healing. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2853-2870. [PMID: 37644140 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of wounds and defects in the healing process is one of the main challenges in diabetic patients. Herein, we investigated whether adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-derived exosomes loaded bioengineered micro-porous three-dimensional amniotic membrane-scaffold (AMS) could promote healing in diabetic rats. Sixty diabetic rats were randomly allocated into the control group, exosome group, AMS group, and AMS + Exo group. On days 7, 14, and 21, five rats from each group were sampled for stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and tensiometrical assessments. Our results indicated that the wound closure rate, the total volumes of newly formed epidermis and dermis, the numerical densities of fibroblasts and proliferating cells, the length density blood vessels, collagen density as well as tensiometrical parameters of the healed wounds were considerably greater in the treated groups than in the control group, and these changes were more obvious in the AMS + Exo ones. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-β, bFGF, and VEGF genes was meaningfully upregulated in all treated groups compared to the control group and were greater in the AMS + Exo group. This is while expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as cell numerical densities of neutrophils, M1 macrophages, and mast cells decreased more considerably in the AMS + Exo group in comparison with the other groups. Generally, it was found that using both AMS transplantation and ADSCs-derived exosomes has more effect on diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Melody Omraninava
- Health Reproductive Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mitra Akbari
- Eye Research Center, Eye Department, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Saeid Taghiloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Poorhassan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdiyeh Asadzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Moore BA, Jalilian I, Kim S, Mizutani M, Mukai M, Chang C, Entringer AM, Dhamodaran K, Raghunathan VK, Teixeira LBC, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM. Collagen crosslinking impacts stromal wound healing and haze formation in a rabbit phototherapeutic keratectomy model. Mol Vis 2023; 29:102-116. [PMID: 37859806 PMCID: PMC10584030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elastic modulus, keratocyte-fibroblast-myocyte transformation, and haze formation of the corneal stroma following combined phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and epithelium-off UV-A/riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) using an in vivo rabbit model. Methods Rabbits underwent PTK and CXL, PTK only, or CXL 35 days before PTK. Rebound tonometry, Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound pachymetry were performed on days 7, 14, 21, 42, 70, and 90 post-operatively. Atomic force microscopy, histologic inflammation, and immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were assessed post-mortem. Results Stromal haze formation following simultaneous PTK and CXL was significantly greater than in corneas that received PTK only and persisted for more than 90 days. No significant difference in stromal haze was noted between groups receiving simultaneous CXL and PTK and those receiving CXL before PTK. Stromal inflammation did not differ between groups at any time point, although the intensity of α-SMA over the number of nuclei was significantly greater at day 21 between groups receiving simultaneous CXL and PTK and those receiving CXL before PTK. The elastic modulus was significantly greater in corneas receiving simultaneous CXL and PTK compared with those receiving PTK alone. Conclusions We showed that stromal haze formation and stromal stiffness is significantly increased following CXL, regardless of whether it is performed at or before the time of PTK. Further knowledge of the biophysical cues involved in determining corneal wound healing duration and outcomes will be important for understanding scarring following CXL and for the development of improved therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret A. Moore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Iman Jalilian
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Makiko Mizutani
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Madison Mukai
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Connor Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Alec M. Entringer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Leandro B. C. Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA
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Shih YF, Lin SH, Xu J, Su CJ, Huang CF, Hsu SH. Stretchable and biodegradable chitosan-polyurethane-cellulose nanofiber composites as anisotropic materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123116. [PMID: 36603720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally derived biodegradable polymer with abundancy, sustainability, and ease of chemical modification. Polyurethanes are a family of elastic biocompatible polymers, and composites of polyurethanes have versatile properties and applications. Chitosan-polyurethane composites were recently developed but had insufficient strength and limited stretchability. In the current study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were integrated in chitosan-polyurethane composites to prepare stretchable and anisotropic materials. A biodegradable polyurethane was first synthesized, end-capped with aldehyde to become dialdehyde polyurethane (DP) nanoparticles, and added with CNFs to prepare the DP-CNF composite crosslinker (DPF). The waterborne DPF crosslinker was then blended with chitosan solution to make polyurethane-CNF-chitosan (DPFC) composites. After blending, DPFC may form hydrogel in ~33 min at room temperature, which confirmed crosslinking. Composite films cast and dried from the blends showed good elongation (~420.2 %) at 60 °C. Anisotropic films were then generated by tension annealing with pre-strain. The annealed films with 200 % pre-strain exhibited large elastic anisotropy with ~4.9 anisotropic ratio. In situ SAXS/WAXS analyses unveiled that rearrangement and alignment of the microstructure during tension annealing accounted for the anisotropy. The anisotropic composite films had the ability to orient the growth of neural stem cells and showed the potential for biomimetic and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Shih
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ho Lin
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Xu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Corneal Epithelial Regeneration: Old and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113114. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness is the fifth leading cause of blindness worldwide, and therapeutic options are still often limited to corneal transplantation. The corneal epithelium has a strong barrier function, and regeneration is highly dependent on limbal stem cell proliferation and basement membrane remodeling. As a result of the lack of corneal donor tissues, regenerative medicine for corneal diseases affecting the epithelium is an area with quite advanced basic and clinical research. Surgery still plays a prominent role in the treatment of epithelial diseases; indeed, innovative surgical techniques have been developed to transplant corneal and non-corneal stem cells onto diseased corneas for epithelial regeneration applications. The main goal of applying regenerative medicine to clinical practice is to restore function by providing viable cells based on the use of a novel therapeutic approach to generate biological substitutes and improve tissue functions. Interest in corneal epithelium rehabilitation medicine is rapidly growing, given the exposure of the corneal outer layers to external insults. Here, we performed a review of basic, clinical and surgical research reports on regenerative medicine for corneal epithelial disorders, classifying therapeutic approaches according to their macro- or microscopic target, i.e., into cellular or subcellular therapies, respectively.
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Ingavle G, Das M. Bench to Bedside: New Therapeutic Approaches with Extracellular Vesicles and Engineered Biomaterials for Targeting Therapeutic Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4673-4696. [PMID: 36194142 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has recently been the second leading cause of death worldwide, trailing only cardiovascular disease. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), represented as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are mainly liable for chemoresistance and disease relapse due to their self-renewal capability and differentiating capacity into different types of tumor cells. The intricate molecular mechanism is necessary to elucidate CSC's chemoresistance properties and cancer recurrence. Establishing efficient strategies for CSC maintenance and enrichment is essential to elucidate the mechanisms and properties of CSCs and CSC-related therapeutic measures. Current approaches are insufficient to mimic the in vivo chemical and physical conditions for the maintenance and growth of CSC and yield unreliable research results. Biomaterials are now widely used for simulating the bone marrow microenvironment. Biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) approaches for the enrichment of CSC provide an excellent promise for future drug discovery and elucidation of molecular mechanisms. In the future, the biomaterial-based model will contribute to a more operative and predictive CSC model for cancer therapy. Design strategies for materials, physicochemical cues, and morphology will offer a new direction for future modification and new methods for studying the CSC microenvironment and its chemoresistance property. This review highlights the critical roles of the microenvironmental cues that regulate CSC function and endow them with drug resistance properties. This review also explores the latest advancement and challenges in biomaterial-based scaffold structure for therapeutic approaches against CSC chemoresistance. Since the recent entry of extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-derived nanostructures, have opened new avenues of investigation into this field, which, together with other more conventionally studied signaling pathways, play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Thus, this review further explores the subject of EVs in-depth. This review also discusses possible future biomaterial and biomaterial-EV-based models that could be used to study the tumor microenvironment (TME) and will provide possible therapeutic approaches. Finally, this review concludes with potential perspectives and conclusions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR) and Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), SIU, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
| | - Madhurima Das
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR) and Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), SIU, Lavale, Pune 412115, India
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Singh G, Senapati S, Satpathi S, Behera PK, Das B, Nayak B. Establishment of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold derived from caprine pancreas as a novel alternative template over porcine pancreatic scaffold for prospective biomedical application. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22574. [PMID: 36165227 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200807r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the caprine pancreas has been presented as an alternative to the porcine organ for pancreatic xenotransplantation with lesser risk factors. The obtained caprine pancreas underwent a systematic cycle of detergent perfusion for decellularization. It was perfused using anionic (0.5% w/v sodium dodecyl sulfate) as well as non-ionic (0.1% v/v triton X-100, t-octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol) detergents and washed intermittently with 1XPBS supplemented with 0.1% v/v antibiotic and nucleases in a gravitation-driven set-up. After 48 h, a white decellularized pancreas was obtained, and its extracellular matrix (ECM) content was examined for scaffold-like properties. The ECM content was assessed for removal of cellular content, and nuclear material was evaluated with temporal H&E staining. Quantified DNA was found to be present in a negligible amount in the resultant decellularized pancreas tissue (DPT), thus prohibiting it from triggering any immunogenicity. Collagen and fibronectin were confirmed to be preserved upon trichrome and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. SEM and AFM images reveal interconnected collagen fibril networks in the DPT, confirming that collagen was unaffected. sGAG was visualized using Prussian blue staining and quantified with DMMB assay, where DPT has effectively retained this ECM component. Uniaxial tensile analysis revealed that DPT possesses better elasticity than NPT (native pancreatic tissue). Physical parameters like tensile strength, stiffness, biodegradation, and swelling index were retained in the DPT with negligible loss. The cytocompatibility analysis of DPT has shown no cytotoxic effect for up to 72 h on normal insulin-producing cells (MIN-6) and cancerous glioblastoma (LN229) cells in vitro. The scaffold was recellularized using isolated mouse islets, which have established in vitro cell proliferation for up to 9 days. The scaffold received at the end of the decellularization cycle was found to be non-toxic to the cells, retained biological and physical properties of the native ECM, suitable for recellularization, and can be used as a safer and better alternative as a transplantable organ from a xenogeneic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Biswajit Das
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bismita Nayak
- Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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Mariano A, Bovio CL, Criscuolo V, Santoro F. Bioinspired micro- and nano-structured neural interfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:492501. [PMID: 35947922 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of a functional nervous system requires neurons to interact with and promptly respond to a wealth of biochemical, mechanical and topographical cues found in the neural extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these, ECM topographical cues have been found to strongly influence neuronal function and behavior. Here, we discuss how the blueprint of the architectural organization of the brain ECM has been tremendously useful as a source of inspiration to design biomimetic substrates to enhance neural interfaces and dictate neuronal behavior at the cell-material interface. In particular, we focus on different strategies to recapitulate cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions. In order to mimic cell-ECM interactions, we introduce roughness as a first approach to provide informative topographical biomimetic cues to neurons. We then examine 3D scaffolds and hydrogels, as softer 3D platforms for neural interfaces. Moreover, we will discuss how anisotropic features such as grooves and fibers, recapitulating both ECM fibrils and axonal tracts, may provide recognizable paths and tracks that neuron can follow as they develop and establish functional connections. Finally, we show how isotropic topographical cues, recapitulating shapes, and geometries of filopodia- and mushroom-like dendritic spines, have been instrumental to better reproduce neuron-neuron interactions for applications in bioelectronics and neural repair strategies. The high complexity of the brain architecture makes the quest for the fabrication of create more biologically relevant biomimetic architectures in continuous and fast development. Here, we discuss how recent advancements in two-photon polymerization and remotely reconfigurable dynamic interfaces are paving the way towards to a new class of smart biointerfaces forin vitroapplications spanning from neural tissue engineering as well as neural repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mariano
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Latte Bovio
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Criscuolo
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Germany
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-80125 Naples, Italy
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Germany
- Institute for Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52428, Germany
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Zhang Y, Habibovic P. Delivering Mechanical Stimulation to Cells: State of the Art in Materials and Devices Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110267. [PMID: 35385176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical signals, such as growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in regulating a variety of cellular activities as well as maintaining the normal function of different tissues and organs. If the biochemical signals are assumed to be one side of the coin, the other side comprises biophysical cues. There is growing evidence showing that biophysical signals, and in particular mechanical cues, also play an important role in different stages of human life ranging from morphogenesis during embryonic development to maturation and maintenance of tissue and organ function throughout life. In order to investigate how mechanical signals influence cell and tissue function, tremendous efforts have been devoted to fabricating various materials and devices for delivering mechanical stimuli to cells and tissues. Here, an overview of the current state of the art in the design and development of such materials and devices is provided, with a focus on their design principles, and challenges and perspectives for future research directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Fornaro M, Dipollina C, Giambalvo D, Garcia R, Sigerson C, Sharthiya H, Liu C, Nealey PF, Kristjansdottir K, Gasiorowski JZ. Submicron Topographically Patterned 3D Substrates Enhance Directional Axon Outgrowth of Dorsal Root Ganglia Cultured Ex Vivo. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081059. [PMID: 36008953 PMCID: PMC9405616 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A peripheral nerve injury results in disruption of the fiber that usually protects axons from the surrounding environment. Severed axons from the proximal nerve stump are capable of regenerating, but axons are exposed to a completely new environment. Regeneration recruits cells that produce and deposit key molecules, including growth factor proteins and fibrils in the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus changing the chemical and geometrical environment. The regenerating axons thus surf on a newly remodeled micro-landscape. Strategies to enhance and control axonal regeneration and growth after injury often involve mimicking the extrinsic cues that are found in the natural nerve environment. Indeed, nano- and micropatterned substrates have been generated as tools to guide axons along a defined path. The mechanical cues of the substrate are used as guides to orient growth or change the direction of growth in response to impediments or cell surface topography. However, exactly how axons respond to biophysical information and the dynamics of axonal movement are still poorly understood. Here we use anisotropic, groove-patterned substrate topography to direct and enhance sensory axonal growth of whole mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) transplanted ex vivo. Our results show significantly enhanced and directed growth of the DRG sensory fibers on the hemi-3D topographic substrates compared to a 0 nm pitch, flat control surface. By assessing the dynamics of axonal movement in time-lapse microscopy, we found that the enhancement was not due to increases in the speed of axonal growth, but to the efficiency of growth direction, ensuring axons minimize movement in undesired directions. Finally, the directionality of growth was reproduced on topographic patterns fabricated as fully 3D substrates, potentially opening new translational avenues of development incorporating these specific topographic feature sizes in implantable conduits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (C.D.); (D.G.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (J.Z.G.)
| | - Christopher Dipollina
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (C.D.); (D.G.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (R.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Darryl Giambalvo
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (C.D.); (D.G.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (R.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Robert Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (R.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Casey Sigerson
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (C.D.); (D.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Harsh Sharthiya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Claire Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (C.L.); (P.F.N.)
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (C.L.); (P.F.N.)
| | - Kolbrun Kristjansdottir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (R.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Joshua Z. Gasiorowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA; (R.G.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (J.Z.G.)
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11
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Delivery of Cells to the Cornea Using Synthetic Biomaterials. Cornea 2022; 41:1325-1336. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Regulating MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell adhesion on laser-patterned surfaces with micro- and nanotopography. Biointerphases 2022; 17:021002. [PMID: 35291767 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer observed in women. Communication with the tumor microenvironment allows invading breast cancer cells, such as triple negative breast cancer cells, to adapt to specific substrates. The substrate topography modulates the cellular behavior among other factors. Several different materials and micro/nanofabrication techniques have been employed to develop substrates for cell culture. Silicon-based substrates present a lot of advantages as they are amenable to a wide range of processing techniques and they permit rigorous control over the surface structure. We investigate and compare the response of the triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) on laser-patterned silicon substrates with two different topographical scales, i.e., the micro- and the nanoscale, in the absence of any other biochemical modification. We develop silicon surfaces with distinct morphological characteristics by employing two laser systems with different pulse durations (nanosecond and femtosecond) and different processing environments (vacuum, SF6 gas, and water). Our findings demonstrate that surfaces with microtopography are repellent, while those with nanotopography are attractive for MDA-MB-231 cell adherence.
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13
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Carthew J, Taylor JBJ, Garcia-Cruz MR, Kiaie N, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. The Bumpy Road to Stem Cell Therapies: Rational Design of Surface Topographies to Dictate Stem Cell Mechanotransduction and Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23066-23101. [PMID: 35192344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to a variety of physical cues from their surrounding microenvironment, and these are interpreted through mechanotransductive processes to inform their behavior. These mechanisms have particular relevance to stem cells, where control of stem cell proliferation, potency, and differentiation is key to their successful application in regenerative medicine. It is increasingly recognized that surface micro- and nanotopographies influence stem cell behavior and may represent a powerful tool with which to direct the morphology and fate of stem cells. Current progress toward this goal has been driven by combined advances in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Here, the capacity to generate precisely defined micro- and nanoscale topographies has facilitated the studies that provide knowledge of the mechanotransducive processes that govern the cellular response as well as knowledge of the specific features that can drive cells toward a defined differentiation outcome. However, the path forward is not fully defined, and the "bumpy road" that lays ahead must be crossed before the full potential of these approaches can be fully exploited. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities in applying micro- and nanotopographies to dictate stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Here, key techniques used to produce topographic features are reviewed, such as photolithography, block copolymer lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, colloidal lithography, electrospinning, and surface roughening, alongside their advantages and disadvantages. The biological impacts of surface topographies are then discussed, including the current understanding of the mechanotransductive mechanisms by which these cues are interpreted by the cells, as well as the specific effects of surface topographies on cell differentiation and fate. Finally, considerations in translating these technologies and their future prospects are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason B J Taylor
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maria R Garcia-Cruz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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14
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Shi P, Tan CK, Wu Z, Gabriel JCP, Srinivasan M, Lee JM, Tay CY. Direct reuse of electronic plastic scraps from computer monitor and keyboard to direct stem cell growth and differentiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151085. [PMID: 34749966 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reuse of electronic wastes is a critical aspect for a more sustainable circular economy as it provides the simplest and most direct route to extend the lifespan of non-renewable resources. Herein, the distinctive surface and micro topographical features of computer electronic-plastic (E-plastic) scraps were unconventionally repurposed as a substrate material to guide the growth and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Specifically, the E-plastics were scavenged from discarded computer components such as light diffuser plate (polyacrylates), prismatic sheet (polyethylene terephthalate), and keyboards (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were cleaned, sterilized, and systematically characterized to determine the identity of the plastics, chemical constituents, surface features, and leaching characteristics. Multiparametric analysis revealed that all the E-plastics could preserve stem-cell phenotype and maintain cell growth over 2 weeks, rivalling the performance of commercial tissue-culture treated plates as cell culture plastics. Interestingly, compared to commercial tissue-culture treated plastics and in a competitive adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation environment, ADSCs cultured on the keyboard and light diffuser plastics favoured bone cells formation while the grating-like microstructures of the prismatic sheet promoted fat cells differentiation via the process of contact guidance. Our findings point to the real possibility of utilizing discarded computer plastics as a "waste-to-resource" material to programme stem cell fate without further processing nor biochemical modification, thus providing an innovative second-life option for E-plastics from personal computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujiang Shi
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Chiew Kei Tan
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhuoran Wu
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jean-Christophe P Gabriel
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Madhavi Srinivasan
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Dr, 637551, Singapore.
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15
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16
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Babi M, Riesco R, Boyer L, Fatona A, Accardo A, Malaquin L, Moran-Mirabal J. Tuning the Nanotopography and Chemical Functionality of 3D Printed Scaffolds through Cellulose Nanocrystal Coatings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8443-8455. [PMID: 35005920 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In nature, cells exist in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments with topography, stiffness, surface chemistry, and biological factors that strongly dictate their phenotype and behavior. The cellular microenvironment is an organized structure or scaffold that, together with the cells that live within it, make up living tissue. To mimic these systems and understand how the different properties of a scaffold, such as adhesion, proliferation, or function, influence cell behavior, we need to be able to fabricate cellular microenvironments with tunable properties. In this work, the nanotopography and functionality of scaffolds for cell culture were modified by coating 3D printed materials (DS3000 and poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate, PEG-DA) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). This general approach was demonstrated on a variety of structures designed to incorporate macro- and microscale features fabricated using photopolymerization and 3D printing techniques. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the CNC coatings and showed the ability to tune their density and in turn the surface nanoroughness from isolated nanoparticles to dense surface coverage. The ability to tune the density of CNCs on 3D printed structures could be leveraged to control the attachment and morphology of prostate cancer cells. It was also possible to introduce functionalization onto the surface of these scaffolds, either by directly coating them with CNCs grafted with the functionality of interest or with a more general approach of functionalizing the CNCs after coating using biotin-streptavidin coupling. The ability to carefully tune the nanostructure and functionalization of different 3D-printable materials is a step forward to creating in vitro scaffolds that mimic the nanoscale features of natural microenvironments, which are key to understanding their impact on cells and developing artificial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhanad Babi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Roberto Riesco
- LAAS-CNRS, Université Toulouse III─Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Louisa Boyer
- LAAS-CNRS, Université Toulouse III─Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Ayodele Fatona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université Toulouse III─Paul Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Jose Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.,Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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17
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Pitsalidis C, Pappa AM, Boys AJ, Fu Y, Moysidou CM, van Niekerk D, Saez J, Savva A, Iandolo D, Owens RM. Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4700-4790. [PMID: 34910876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Anna-Maria Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Douglas van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.,Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Donata Iandolo
- INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Université Jean Monnet, Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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18
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Wang L, Wang C, Zhou L, Bi Z, Shi M, Wang D, Li Q. Fabrication of a novel Three-Dimensional porous PCL/PLA tissue engineering scaffold with high connectivity for endothelial cell migration. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. 3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12200. [PMID: 34830082 PMCID: PMC8618305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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20
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Iturriaga L, Van Gordon KD, Larrañaga-Jaurrieta G, Camarero‐Espinosa S. Strategies to Introduce Topographical and Structural Cues in 3D‐Printed Scaffolds and Implications in Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Iturriaga
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida Tolosa 72 Donostia/San Sebastián 20018 Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Kyle D. Van Gordon
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida Tolosa 72 Donostia/San Sebastián 20018 Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Garazi Larrañaga-Jaurrieta
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida Tolosa 72 Donostia/San Sebastián 20018 Gipuzkoa Spain
| | - Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida Tolosa 72 Donostia/San Sebastián 20018 Gipuzkoa Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao 48009 Spain
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21
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Gerdes S, Ramesh S, Mostafavi A, Tamayol A, Rivero IV, Rao P. Extrusion-based 3D (Bio)Printed Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Process-Structure-Quality Relationships. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4694-4717. [PMID: 34498461 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological additive manufacturing (Bio-AM) has emerged as a promising approach for the fabrication of biological scaffolds with nano- to microscale resolutions and biomimetic architectures beneficial to tissue engineering applications. However, Bio-AM processes tend to introduce flaws in the construct during fabrication. These flaws can be traced to material nonhomogeneity, suboptimal processing parameters, changes in the (bio)printing environment (such as nozzle clogs), and poor construct design, all with significant contributions to the alteration of a scaffold's mechanical properties. In addition, the biological response of endogenous and exogenous cells interacting with the defective scaffolds could become unpredictable. In this review, we first described extrusion-based Bio-AM. We highlighted the salient architectural and mechanotransduction parameters affecting the response of cells interfaced with the scaffolds. The process phenomena leading to defect formation and some of the tools for defect detection are reviewed. The limitations of the existing developments and the directions that the field should grow in order to overcome said limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gerdes
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States
| | - Srikanthan Ramesh
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York. 14623, United States
| | - Azadeh Mostafavi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Iris V Rivero
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York. 14623, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York. 14623, United States
| | - Prahalada Rao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0526, United States
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22
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Young BM, Antczak LAM, Shankar K, Heise RL. A Two-Step Bioreactor for Decellularized Lung Epithelialization. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:301-310. [PMID: 34500450 DOI: 10.1159/000517622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioreactors for the reseeding of decellularized lung scaffolds have evolved with various advancements, including biomimetic mechanical stimulation, constant nutrient flow, multi-output monitoring, and large mammal scaling. Although dynamic bioreactors are not new to the field of lung bioengineering, ideal conditions during cell seeding have not been extensively studied or controlled. To address the lack of cell dispersal in traditional seeding methods, we have designed a two-step bioreactor. The first step is a novel system that rotates a seeded lung every 20 min at different angles in a sequence designed to anchor 20% of cells to a particular location based on the known rate of attachment. The second step involves perfusion-ventilation culture to ensure nutrient dispersion and cellular growth. Compared to statically seeded lungs, rotationally seeded lungs had significantly increased dsDNA content and more uniform cellular distribution after perfusion and ventilation had been administered. The addition of this novel seeding system before traditional culture methods will aid in recellularizing the lung and other geometrically complex organs for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh-Ann M Antczak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Keerthana Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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23
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Gao H, Xiao J, Wei Y, Wang H, Wan H, Liu S. Regulation of Myogenic Differentiation by Topologically Microgrooved Surfaces for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20931-20940. [PMID: 34423201 PMCID: PMC8374903 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the natural topological structure of skeletal muscle tissue, the topological surface construction of bionic scaffolds for skeletal muscle repair has attracted great interest. Many previous studies have focused on the effects of the topological structure on myoblasts. However, these studies used only specific repeating sizes and shapes to achieve the myoblast alignment and myotube formation; moreover, the regulatory effects of the size of a topological structure on myogenic differentiation are often neglected, leading to a lack of guidance for the design of scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. In this study, we fabricated a series of microgroove topographies with various widths and depths via a combination of soft lithography and melt-casting and studied their effects on the behaviors of skeletal muscle cells, especially myogenic differentiation, in detail. Microgrooved poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) substrates were found to effectively regulate the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and myotube formation of C2C12 cells, and the degree of myogenic differentiation was significantly dependent on signals in response to the size of the microgroove structure. Compared with their depth, the width of the microgroove structures can more strongly affect the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, and the degree of myoblast differentiation was enhanced with increasing groove width. Microgroove structures with relatively large groove widths and small groove depths promoted the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. In addition, the integrin-mediated focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were activated in cells in response to the external topological structure, and the size of the topological structure of the material surface effectively regulated the degree of the cellular response to the external topological structure. These results can guide the design of scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering and the construction of effective bionic scaffold surfaces for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichang Gao
- School
of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- A
National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Department
of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yingqi Wei
- The
Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School
of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxia Wan
- School
of Food Science and Health Preserving, Guangzhou
City Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School
of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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24
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Paria D, Convertino A, Raj P, Glunde K, Chen Y, Barman I. Nanowire Assisted Mechanotyping of Cellular Metastatic Potential. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101638. [PMID: 34512229 PMCID: PMC8425187 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has provided tools for next generation biomedical devices which rely on nanostructure interfaces with living cells. In vitro biomimetic structures have enabled observation of cell response to various mechanical and chemical cues, and there is a growing interest in isolating and harnessing the specific cues that three-dimensional microenvironments can provide without the requirement for such culture and the experimental drawbacks associated with it. Here we report a randomly oriented gold coated Si nanowire substrate with patterned hydrophobic-hydrophilic areas for differentiation of isogenic breast cancer cells of varying metastatic potential. When considering synthetic surfaces for the study of cell-nanotopography interfaces, randomly oriented nanowires more closely resemble the isotropic architecture of natural extracellular matrix as compared to currently more widely used vertical nanowire arrays. In the study reported here, we show that primary cancer cells preferably attach to the hydrophilic region of randomly oriented nanowire substrate while secondary cancer cells do not adhere. Using machine learning analysis of fluorescence images, cells were found to spread and elongate on the nanowire substrates as compared to a flat substrate, where they mostly remain round, when neither surface was coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Such platforms can not only be used for developing bioassays but also as stepping stones for tissue printing technologies where cells can be selectively patterned at desired locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadrita Paria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annalisa Convertino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Roma, Italia
| | - Piyush Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Esdaille CJ, Washington KS, Laurencin CT. Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future directions. Regen Med 2021; 16:495-512. [PMID: 34030463 PMCID: PMC8356698 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. It is an expansion of tissue engineering, which was first developed as a method of repair and restoration of human tissue. In the past three decades, advances in regenerative engineering have made it possible to treat a variety of clinical challenges by utilizing cutting-edge technology currently available to harness the body's healing and regenerative abilities. The emergence of new information in developmental biology, stem cell science, advanced material science and nanotechnology have provided promising concepts and approaches to regenerate complex tissues and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caldon J Esdaille
- Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20011, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kenyatta S Washington
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond & Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical & Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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26
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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27
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Marin-Tapia HA, Romero-Salazar L, Arteaga-Arcos JC, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Mayorga-Rojas M. Micro-mechanical properties of corneal scaffolds from two different bio-models obtained by an efficient chemical decellularization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104510. [PMID: 33872923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study elucidates the impact of detergent-based chemical decellularization on the micro-mechanical properties of porcine and rabbit corneas for the purpose of extracellular matrix (ECM) derived scaffolds. Aiming to optimize the decellularization process, different concentrations of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100 and CHAPS detergents were assessed on their ability to decellularize corneas from both bio-models at incubation periods of 12 and 24h. We evaluated the effect of decellularization on corneal ECM Young's Modulus and various area's roughness parameters (topography features) at a microscale by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Only SDS presented adequate decellularization properties at the selected concentrations (0.2, 0.5 and 1%) and incubation periods. All topography features displayed by native corneas were preserved after SDS treatments, while no statistically significant differences were identified for the average value of Young's Modulus between the control samples and those treated with 0.2% SDS (rabbit corneas) and 0.5% SDS (porcine corneas) after 12h. In this sense, cornea decellularization procedures can be improved by simultaneously reducing SDS concentration and incubation period. AFM is a useful tool to perform biomechanical analysis of the effect of decellularization on scaffold micro-mechanics. Evaluation of the scaffold mechanical behavior at a microscale could help in understanding cell-scaffold interactions in terms of mechanotransduction, complementing macroscale techniques (e.g. tensile tests) relevant for tissue engineering quality control and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Arian Marin-Tapia
- Rheology, Nanofluids and Microfluidics Laboratory, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario ''El Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas", Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 15.5, C.P. 50200 Estado de México, Mexico; Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario ''El Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas", Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 15.5, C.P. 50200 Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Lorena Romero-Salazar
- Nanothermodynamics and Complex Systems Laboratory, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario ''El Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas", Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 15.5, C.P. 50200 Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Arteaga-Arcos
- Micromechanics Laboratory, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Literario, No. 100 Ote., C.P, 50000, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez
- Tissue Engineering and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Mayorga-Rojas
- Rheology, Nanofluids and Microfluidics Laboratory, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Universitario ''El Cerrillo, Piedras Blancas", Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 15.5, C.P. 50200 Estado de México, Mexico.
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28
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Gentile F. Cell aggregation on nanorough surfaces. J Biomech 2020; 115:110134. [PMID: 33248702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control adhesion and the spatial organization of cells over nanoscale surfaces is essential in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, the growth of organoids and spheroids as an in-vitro-model of human development and disease. Nonetheless, despite the several different works that have explored the influence of nanotopography on cell adhesion and clustering, little is known about how the forces arising from membrane conformational change developing during cell adaptation to a nanorough surface, and the cell-cell adhesion forces, interact to guide cell assembly. Here, starting from the works of Decuzzi and Ferrari, who examined how the energy of a cell varies while adhering to a nanoscale surface, and of Armstrong and collaborators, who developed a continuous model of cell-cell adhesion and morphogenesis, we provide a description of how nanotopography can modulate cellular clustering. In simulations where the parameters of the model were varied over large intervals, we found that nanoroughness may induce cell aggregation from a homogenous, uniform state, also for weak cell-cell adhesion. Results of the model are relevant in bio-engineering and biomedical nanotechnology, and may be of interest for those involved in the design and fabrication of biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue formation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gentile
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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29
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Raghunathan V, Edwards SG, Leonard BC, Kim S, Evashenk AT, Song Y, Rewinski E, Marangakis Price A, Hoehn A, Chang C, Reilly CM, Muppala S, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM. Differential effects of Hsp90 inhibition on corneal cells in vitro and in vivo. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108362. [PMID: 33220237 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of quiescent keratocytes to activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts (KFM transformation) largely depends on transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. Initiation of the TGFβ signaling cascade results from binding of TGFβ to the labile type I TGFβ receptor (TGFβRI), which is stabilized by the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90). Since myofibroblast persistence within the corneal stroma can result in stromal haze and corneal fibrosis in patients undergoing keratorefractive therapy, modulation of TGFβ signaling through Hsp90 inhibition would represent a novel approach to prevent myofibroblast persistence. In vitro, rabbit corneal fibroblasts (RCFs) or stratified immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) were treated with a Hsp90 inhibitor (17AAG) in the presence/absence of TGFβ1. RCFs were cultured either on tissue culture plastic, anisotropically patterned substrates, and hydrogels of varying stiffness. Cellular responses to both cytoactive and variable substrates were assessed by morphologic changes to the cells, and alterations in expression patterns of key keratocyte and myofibroblast proteins using PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were performed to establish epithelial barrier integrity. In vivo, the corneas of New Zealand White rabbits were wounded by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and treated with 17AAG (3× or 6× daily) either immediately or 7 days after wounding for 28 days. Rabbits underwent clinical ophthalmic examinations, SPOTS scoring and advanced imaging on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. On day 28, rabbits were euthanized and histopathology/immunohistochemistry was performed. In vitro data demonstrated that 17AAG inhibited KFM transformation with the de-differentiation of spindle shaped myofibroblasts to dendritic keratocyte-like cells accompanied by significant upregulation of corneal crystallins and suppression of myofibroblast markers regardless of TGFβ1 treatment. RCFs cultured on soft hydrogels or patterned substrates exhibited elevated expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in the presence of 17AAG. Treatment of hTCEpi cells disrupted zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) adherens junction formation. In vivo, there were no differences detected in nearly all clinical parameters assessed between treatment groups. However, rabbits treated with 17AAG developed greater stromal haze formation compared with controls, irrespective of frequency of administration. Lastly, there was increased αSMA positive myofibroblasts in the stroma of 17AAG treated animals when compared with controls. Hsp90 inhibition promoted reversion of the myofibroblast to keratocyte phenotype, although this only occurred on rigid substrates. By contrast, in vivo Hsp90 inhibition was detrimental to corneal wound healing likely due to impairment in corneal epithelial closure and barrier function restoration. Collectively, our data demonstrated a strong interplay in vitro between biophysical cues and soluble signaling molecules in determining corneal stromal cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, United States; The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Sydney Garrison Edwards
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Alexander T Evashenk
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Yeonju Song
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Eva Rewinski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Ariana Marangakis Price
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Alyssa Hoehn
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Connor Chang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Christopher M Reilly
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, United States; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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30
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Yang W, Sun L, Cai S, Chen Y, Liang W, Zhou P, Yu H, Wang Y, Liu L. Dynamically directing cell organization via micro-hump structure patterned cell-adhered interfaces. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2447-2452. [PMID: 32542258 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion plays an important role in cell communication, organ formation and tissue maintenance. Spatial microstructure patterning has the capability to regulate cell functions such as cell adhesion and cell proliferation as well as cellular mechanical properties. In this study, we present a simple method to fabricate micro-hump patterned interfaces based on electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing to control and direct cell organization. Micro-hump structures were rapidly fabricated by E-jet printing and arbitrary cell patterns can be achieved by selective cell adhesion induced by this surface topography. Furthermore, cellular mechanical properties were regulated by changing the density of microstructures. The technique we proposed could dynamically direct cell organization in a controlled manner, providing help for exploring the fundamental mechanism of cell adhesion and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, China.
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31
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Lavrador P, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Mechanochemical Patternable ECM-Mimetic Hydrogels for Programmed Cell Orientation. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901860. [PMID: 32323469 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Native human tissues are supported by a viscoelastic extracellular matrix (ECM) that can adapt its intricate network to dynamic mechanical stimuli. To recapitulate the unique ECM biofunctionality, hydrogel design is shifting from typical covalent crosslinks toward covalently adaptable networks. To pursue such properties, herein hybrid polysaccharide-polypeptide networks are designed based on dynamic covalent assembly inspired by natural ECM crosslinking processes. This is achieved through the synthesis of an amine-reactive oxidized-laminarin biopolymer that can readily crosslink with gelatin (oxLAM-Gelatin) and simultaneously allow cell encapsulation. Interestingly, the rational design of oxLAM-Gelatin hydrogels with varying aldehyde-to-amine ratios enables a refined control over crosslinking kinetics, viscoelastic properties, and degradability profile. The mechanochemical features of these hydrogels post-crosslinking offer an alternative route for imprinting any intended nano- or microtopography in ECM-mimetic matrices bearing inherent cell-adhesive motifs. Different patterns are easily paved in oxLAM-Gelatin under physiological conditions and complex topographical configurations are retained along time. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells contacting mechanically sculpted oxLAM-Gelatin hydrogels sense the underlying surface nanotopography and align parallel to the anisotropic nanoridge/nanogroove intercalating array. These findings demonstrate that covalently adaptable features in ECM-mimetic networks can be leveraged to combine surface topography and cell-adhesive motifs as they appear in natural matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lavrador
- Department of ChemistryCICECO – Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- Department of ChemistryCICECO – Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of ChemistryCICECO – Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago Aveiro 3810‐193 Portugal
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32
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Avetisov KS, Bakhchieva NA, Avetisov SE, Novikov IA, Golovchenko AV, Shitikova AV. [Atomic force microscopy in the study of anterior eye segment structures]. Vestn Oftalmol 2020; 136:103-110. [PMID: 32241976 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2020136011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ophthalmology is considered with respect of the classical anatomical division of the eye into anterior and posterior segments. The review presents the findings of published research studies that involved AFM as a method for assessing anatomical and functional condition of the structures of anterior eye segment. One significant line of research is related to the use of AFM technologies for evaluation of morphological and biomechanical characteristics of various parts of the eye lens. That topic draws interest due to the need of furthering the understanding of cataractogenesis, as well as the significance of the anatomical and functional characteristics of the lens capsule in the mechanism of accommodation and modern phaco surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - N A Bakhchieva
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - S E Avetisov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - I A Novikov
- Research Institute of Eye Disease, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - A V Golovchenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - A V Shitikova
- International school 'Medicine of Future' of the Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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33
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Dong J, Chen JF, Smalley M, Zhao M, Ke Z, Zhu Y, Tseng HR. Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903663. [PMID: 31566837 PMCID: PMC6946854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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34
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Xiong S, Gao H, Qin L, Jia YG, Ren L. Engineering topography: Effects on corneal cell behavior and integration into corneal tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:293-302. [PMID: 31709312 PMCID: PMC6829100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-material interactions are important to tissue engineering. Inspired by the natural topographic structures on the extracellular matrix, a growing number of studies have integrated engineering topography into investigations of cell behavior on biomaterials. Engineering topography has a significant influence on cell behaviors. These cell-topography interactions play an important role in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Similarly, cell-topography interactions are important to corneal reconstruction and regeneration. In this review, we primarily summarized the effects of topographic cues on the behaviors of corneal cells, including cell morphology, adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, the integration of engineering surface topography into corneal tissue engineering was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - HuiChang Gao
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanfeng Qin
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510555, China
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35
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Lam KH, Kivanany PB, Grose K, Yonet-Tanyeri N, Alsmadi N, Varner VD, Petroll WM, Schmidtke DW. A high-throughput microfluidic method for fabricating aligned collagen fibrils to study Keratocyte behavior. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:99. [PMID: 31741114 PMCID: PMC7228026 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, keratocytes are surrounded by aligned type I collagen fibrils that are organized into lamellae. A growing body of literature suggests that the unique topography of the corneal stroma is an important regulator of keratocyte behavior. In this study we describe a microfluidic method to deposit aligned fibrils of type I collagen onto glass coverslips. This high-throughput method allowed for the simultaneous coating of up to eight substrates with aligned collagen fibrils. When these substrates were integrated into a PDMS microwell culture system they provided a platform for high-resolution imaging of keratocyte behavior. Through the use of wide-field fluorescence and differential interference contrast microscopy, we observed that the density of collagen fibrils deposited was dependent upon both the perfusion shear rate of collagen and the time of perfusion. In contrast, a similar degree of fibril alignment was observed over a range of shear rates. When primary normal rabbit keratocytes (NRK) were seeded on substrates with a high density of aligned collagen fibrils and cultured in the presence of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) the keratocytes displayed an elongated cell body that was co-aligned with the underlying collagen fibrils. In contrast, when NRK were cultured on substrates with a low density of aligned collagen fibrils, the cells showed no preferential orientation. These results suggest that this simple and inexpensive method can provide a general platform to study how simultaneous exposure to topographical and soluble cues influence cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Pouriska B Kivanany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Kyle Grose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Nihan Yonet-Tanyeri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - Nesreen Alsmadi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9057, USA.
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Sousa MP, Arab-Tehrany E, Cleymand F, Mano JF. Surface Micro- and Nanoengineering: Applications of Layer-by-Layer Technology as a Versatile Tool to Control Cellular Behavior. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901228. [PMID: 31172666 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) cues have been widely investigated for their impact on cellular behavior. Among mechanics, physics, chemistry, and topography, different ECM properties have been discovered as important parameters to modulate cell functions, activating mechanotransduction pathways that can influence gene expression, proliferation or even differentiation. Particularly, ECM topography has been gaining more and more interest based on the evidence that these physical cues can tailor cell behavior. Here, an overview of bottom-up and top-down approaches reported to produce materials capable of mimicking the ECM topography and being applied for biomedical purposes is provided. Moreover, the increasing motivation of using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique to reproduce these topographical cues is highlighted. LbL assembly is a versatile methodology used to coat materials with a nanoscale fidelity to the geometry of the template or to produce multilayer thin films composed of polymers, proteins, colloids, or even cells. Different geometries, sizes, or shapes on surface topography can imply different behaviors: effects on the cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology, alignment, migration, gene expression, and even differentiation are considered. Finally, the importance of LbL assembly to produce defined topographical cues on materials is discussed, highlighting the potential of micro- and nanoengineered materials to modulate cell function and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Sousa
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Nancy-Université, 2, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F 54504, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Franck Cleymand
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS50840, 54011, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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37
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Beijer NRM, Nauryzgaliyeva ZM, Arteaga EM, Pieuchot L, Anselme K, van de Peppel J, Vasilevich AS, Groen N, Roumans N, Hebels DGAJ, Boer JD. Dynamic adaptation of mesenchymal stem cell physiology upon exposure to surface micropatterns. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9099. [PMID: 31235713 PMCID: PMC6591423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem (hMSCs) are defined as multi-potent colony-forming cells expressing a specific subset of plasma membrane markers when grown on flat tissue culture polystyrene. However, as soon as hMSCs are used for transplantation, they are exposed to a 3D environment, which can strongly impact cell physiology and influence proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. Strategies to control in vivo hMSC behavior, for instance in stem cell transplantation or cancer treatment, are skewed by the un-physiological flatness of the standard well plates. Even though it is common knowledge that cells behave differently in vitro compared to in vivo, only little is known about the underlying adaptation processes. Here, we used micrometer-scale defined surface topographies as a model to describe the phenotype of hMSCs during this adaptation to their new environment. We used well established techniques to compare hMSCs cultured on flat and topographically enhanced polystyreneand observed dramatically changed cell morphologies accompanied by shrinkage of cytoplasm and nucleus, a decreased overall cellular metabolism, and slower cell cycle progression resulting in a lower proliferation rate in cells exposed to surface topographies. We hypothesized that this reduction in proliferation rate effects their sensitivity to certain cancer drugs, which was confirmed by higher survival rate of hMSCs cultured on topographies exposed to paclitaxel. Thus, micro-topographies can be used as a model system to mimic the natural cell micro-environment, and be a powerful tool to optimize cell treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R M Beijer
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Zarina M Nauryzgaliyeva
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Estela M Arteaga
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Pieuchot
- Institut de Sciences des Materiaux de Mulhouse, University of Haute-Alsace, CNRS UMR7361, Mulhouse, France
| | - Karine Anselme
- Institut de Sciences des Materiaux de Mulhouse, University of Haute-Alsace, CNRS UMR7361, Mulhouse, France
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S Vasilevich
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Groen
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennie G A J Hebels
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Materiomics b.v., Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- BioInterface Science lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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38
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Sasikumar S, Chameettachal S, Cromer B, Pati F, Kingshott P. Decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels—cell behavior as a function of matrix stiffness. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Li P, Dou X, Schönherr H. Micropatterning and nanopatterning with polymeric materials for advanced biointerface‐controlled systems. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
| | - Xiaoqiu Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
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40
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Garcia-Arcos JM, Chabrier R, Deygas M, Nader G, Barbier L, Sáez PJ, Mathur A, Vargas P, Piel M. Reconstitution of cell migration at a glance. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/4/jcs225565. [PMID: 30745333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cells migrate in a myriad of physiological contexts, such as tissue patrolling by immune cells, and during neurogenesis and tissue remodeling, as well as in metastasis, the spread of cancer cells. To understand the basic principles of single-cell migration, a reductionist approach can be taken. This aims to control and deconstruct the complexity of different cellular microenvironments into simpler elementary constrains that can be recombined together. This approach is the cell microenvironment equivalent of in vitro reconstituted systems that combine elementary molecular players to understand cellular functions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we present selected experimental setups that mimic different events that cells undergo during migration in vivo These include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices to deform whole cells or organelles, micro patterning, nano-fabricated structures like grooves, and compartmentalized collagen chambers with chemical gradients. We also outline the main contribution of each technique to the understanding of different aspects of single-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Garcia-Arcos
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Chabrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Deygas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Nader
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo José Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aastha Mathur
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France .,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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41
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Quirós-Solano WF, Gaio N, Stassen OMJA, Arik YB, Silvestri C, Van Engeland NCA, Van der Meer A, Passier R, Sahlgren CM, Bouten CVC, van den Berg A, Dekker R, Sarro PM. Microfabricated tuneable and transferable porous PDMS membranes for Organs-on-Chips. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13524. [PMID: 30202042 PMCID: PMC6131253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel and highly reproducible process to fabricate transferable porous PDMS membranes for PDMS-based Organs-on-Chips (OOCs) using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technologies. Porous PDMS membranes with pore sizes down to 2.0 μm in diameter and a wide porosity range (2-65%) can be fabricated. To overcome issues normally faced when using replica moulding and extend the applicability to most OOCs and improve their scalability and reproducibility, the process includes a sacrificial layer to easily transfer the membranes from a silicon carrier to any PDMS-based OOC. The highly reliable fabrication and transfer method does not need of manual handling to define the pore features (size, distribution), allowing very thin (<10 μm) functional membranes to be transferred at chip level with a high success rate (85%). The viability of cell culturing on the porous membranes was assessed by culturing two different cell types on transferred membranes in two different OOCs. Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and MDA-MB-231 (MDA) cells were successfully cultured confirming the viability of cell culturing and the biocompatibility of the membranes. The results demonstrate the potential of controlling the porous membrane features to study cell mechanisms such as transmigrations, monolayer formation, and barrier function. The high control over the membrane characteristics might consequently allow to intentionally trigger or prevent certain cellular responses or mechanisms when studying human physiology and pathology using OOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Quirós-Solano
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands.
| | - N Gaio
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
- BIOND Solutions B.V., Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
| | - O M J A Stassen
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
| | - Y B Arik
- University of Twente, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MIRA and MESA, Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - C Silvestri
- BIOND Solutions B.V., Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
| | - N C A Van Engeland
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
- Abo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Biosciences, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - A Van der Meer
- University of Twente, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - R Passier
- University of Twente, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - C M Sahlgren
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
- Abo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Biosciences, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - C V C Bouten
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- University of Twente, BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MIRA and MESA, Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - R Dekker
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
- Phillips, Philips Research, Eindhoven, 5656, AE, The Netherlands
| | - P M Sarro
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
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42
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Guha Ray P, Pal P, Srivas PK, Basak P, Roy S, Dhara S. Surface Modification of Eggshell Membrane with Electrospun Chitosan/Polycaprolactone Nanofibers for Enhanced Dermal Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:985-998. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Guha Ray
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Srivas
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Somenath Roy
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Khurja Center, Khurja 203131, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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43
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Li S, Severino FPU, Ban J, Wang L, Pinato G, Torre V, Chen Y. Improved neuron culture using scaffolds made of three-dimensional PDMS micro-lattices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:034105. [PMID: 29332841 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strives to create functional components of organs with different cell types in vitro. One of the challenges is to fabricate scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture under physiological conditions. Of particular interest is the investigation of the morphology and function of the central nervous system cultured using such scaffolds. Here, we used an elastomer-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-to produce lattice-type scaffolds from a photolithography-defined template. The photomask with antidot arrays was spin-coated by a thick layer of resist, and was downward mounted on a rotating stage at an angle of 45°. After the exposure was repeated three or more times, maintaining the same exposure plan but rotated by the same angle, a photoresist was developed to produce a 3D porous template. Afterwards, a pre-polymer mixture of PDMS was poured in and cured, followed by a resist etch, resulting in lattice-type PDMS features. Before cell culture, the PDMS lattices were surface functionalized. A culture test was conducted using NIH-3T3 cells and primary hippocampal cells from rats, showing homogenous cell infiltration and 3D attachment. As expected, a much higher cell number was found in the 3D PDMS lattices compared to the 2D culture. We also found a higher neuron-to-astrocyte ratio and a higher degree of cell ramification in the 3D culture compared to the 2D culture due to the change of scaffold topography and the elastic properties of the PDMS micro-lattices. Our results demonstrate that the 3D PDMS micro-lattices improve the survival and growth of cells, as well as the network formation of neurons. We believe that such an enabling technology is useful for research and clinical applications, including disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery/drug cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Li
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005 Paris, France
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44
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Santander-Borrego M, Chirila TV, Shadforth AMA, Whittaker AK, Blakey I. Effect of changes in the surface chemistry and topography of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the in vitro attachment of human corneal epithelial cells. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911517744572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriem Santander-Borrego
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Traian V Chirila
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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45
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Liu XQ, Tang RZ. Biological responses to nanomaterials: understanding nano-bio effects on cell behaviors. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1-15. [PMID: 29069934 PMCID: PMC8812585 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1375577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tang
- Lab of Inflammation & Cancer, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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46
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Masciullo C, Dell'Anna R, Tonazzini I, Böettger R, Pepponi G, Cecchini M. Hierarchical thermoplastic rippled nanostructures regulate Schwann cell adhesion, morphology and spatial organization. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14861-14874. [PMID: 28948996 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodic ripples are a variety of anisotropic nanostructures that can be realized by ion beam irradiation on a wide range of solid surfaces. Only a few authors have investigated these surfaces for tuning the response of biological systems, probably because it is challenging to directly produce them in materials that well sustain long-term cellular cultures. Here, hierarchical rippled nanotopographies with a lateral periodicity of ∼300 nm are produced from a gold-irradiated germanium mold in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a biocompatible polymer approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical applications, by a novel three-step embossing process. The effects of nano-ripples on Schwann Cells (SCs) are studied in view of their possible use for nerve-repair applications. The data demonstrate that nano-ripples can enhance short-term SC adhesion and proliferation (3-24 h after seeding), drive their actin cytoskeleton spatial organization and sustain long-term cell growth. Notably, SCs are oriented perpendicularly with respect to the nanopattern lines. These results provide information about the possible use of hierarchical nano-rippled elements for nerve-regeneration protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Masciullo
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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47
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Skogberg A, Mäki AJ, Mettänen M, Lahtinen P, Kallio P. Cellulose Nanofiber Alignment Using Evaporation-Induced Droplet-Casting, and Cell Alignment on Aligned Nanocellulose Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3936-3953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Panu Lahtinen
- VTT Technical Research
Center of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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48
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Naganuma T. The relationship between cell adhesion force activation on nano/micro-topographical surfaces and temporal dependence of cell morphology. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13171-13186. [PMID: 28850138 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between adherent cells and extracellular matrix/scaffold surface features performs a crucial role in inducing physiological functions via signal transduction. Topographical design of scaffold surfaces, therefore, has the potential to promote physiological functions such as cell proliferation and differentiation. This study utilizes quantitative evaluation of cell-material interaction to identify how temporal dependence of cell morphology impacts cell adhesion force activation on nano/micro-ordered topographical surfaces. Nano-rough and micro-dot/line-patterned poly-lactic acid substrates were prepared to enable: (i) examination of the morphology of lamellipodia/filopodia, focal adhesion coupled with vinculin accumulations, and actin-filaments of osteoblast-like cells; and (ii) assay of the cell detachment force by single cell force spectroscopy. The quantitative evaluation results evidenced that in the initial period (cell adhesion time after initial attachment on any location, ta < 1 h), while nano-topographical surface enhanced detachment force of "spherical" cells, micro-topographical surfaces did not have this effect. Significantly, the identical micro-topographical surfaces were able to enhance detachment force of "spreading" cells in intermediate (1 < ta < 12 h) and long-term periods (ta > 24 h). These findings could be utilized in the design of scaffold surfaces to promote cell-material interaction (e.g. strengthening of the cell-substrate adhesion force), in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Naganuma
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
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Raghunathan VK, Thomasy SM, Strøm P, Yañez-Soto B, Garland SP, Sermeno J, Reilly CM, Murphy CJ. Tissue and cellular biomechanics during corneal wound injury and repair. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:291-301. [PMID: 28559158 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Corneal wound healing is an enormously complex process that requires the simultaneous cellular integration of multiple soluble biochemical cues, as well as cellular responses to the intrinsic chemistry and biophysical attributes associated with the matrix of the wound space. Here, we document how the biomechanics of the corneal stroma are altered through the course of wound repair following keratoablative procedures in rabbits. Further we documented the influence that substrate stiffness has on stromal cell mechanics. Following corneal epithelial debridement, New Zealand white rabbits underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) on the right eye (OD). Wound healing was monitored using advanced imaging modalities. Rabbits were euthanized and corneas were harvested at various time points following PTK. Tissues were characterized for biomechanics with atomic force microscopy and with histology to assess inflammation and fibrosis. Factor analysis was performed to determine any discernable patterns in wound healing parameters. The matrix associated with the wound space was stiffest at 7days post PTK. The greatest number of inflammatory cells were observed 3days after wounding. The highest number of myofibroblasts and the greatest degree of fibrosis occurred 21days after wounding. While all clinical parameters returned to normal values 400days after wounding, the elastic modulus remained greater than pre-surgical values. Factor analysis demonstrated dynamic remodeling of stroma occurs between days 10 and 42 during corneal stromal wound repair. Elastic modulus of the anterior corneal stroma is dramatically altered following PTK and its changes coincide initially with the development of edema and inflammation, and later with formation of stromal haze and population of the wound space with myofibroblasts. Factor analysis demonstrates strongest correlation between elastic modulus, myofibroblasts, fibrosis and stromal haze thickness, and between edema and central corneal thickness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue biomechanics during the course of corneal wound healing is documented for the first time through atomic force microscopy, and is correlated with advanced clinical imaging and immunohistochemistry. Parameters obtained from the study are applied in a multivariate statistical model to cluster the data for better classification and monitor the wound repair process. Elastic modulus of the anterior corneal stroma is dramatically altered following wounding and correlates initially with the development of edema and inflammation, and later with formation of stromal haze and population of the wound space with myofibroblasts. Importantly, the occurrence of myofibroblasts is preceded by changes in tissue mechanics, which is important to consider in light of crosslinking procedures applied to treat corneal diseases.
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50
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Molladavoodi S, Robichaud M, Wulff D, Gorbet M. Corneal epithelial cells exposed to shear stress show altered cytoskeleton and migratory behaviour. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178981. [PMID: 28662184 PMCID: PMC5491001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells that form the corneal epithelium, the outermost layer of the cornea, are exposed to shear stress through blinking during waking hours. In this in vitro study, the effect of fluid shear stress on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) was investigated. Following exposure to shear stresses of 4 and 8 dyn/cm2, HCECs showed cytoskeletal rearrangement with more prominent, organized and elongated filamentous actin. Cytoskeletal changes were time-dependent, and were most significant after 24 hours of shear stress. Higher rates of migration and proliferation, as evaluated by a scratch assay, were also observed following 24 hours of low shear stress exposure (4 dyn/cm2). This result contrasted the poor migration observed in samples scratched before shear exposure, indicating that shear-induced cytoskeletal changes played a key role in improved wound healing and must therefore precede any damage to the cell layer. HCEC cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by an upregulation in integrin β1 and downregulation of ICAM-1. These results demonstrate that HCECs respond favourably to flow-induced shear stress, impacting their proliferation and migration properties as well as phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molladavoodi
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Robichaud
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Wulff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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