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Wan C, Wang Y, Li L, Liu L, Guan Q. SMAD2/3 Phosphorylation is correlated with matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in human periapical lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105796. [PMID: 37657158 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 (P-SMAD2/3) in periapical lesions in humans and its possible correlation with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) during the development of apical periodontitis. DESIGN In this study, a total of 38 samples were collected, consisting of 16 healthy controls and 22 periapical lesions. These samples underwent fixation, dehydration, and embedding for further histologic and immunochemical analysis. The expression of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and MMP9 was quantified using the average integrated optical density. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to investigate the colocalization of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and MMP9. RESULTS The study found that periapical lesions exhibited a stronger expression of MMP9 compared to healthy controls. Additionally, the expression of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 was observed to increase in the periapical granulomas and radicular cysts group, as compared to the normal group (P < 0.01). The results of the immunofluorescence test showed that phosphorylated SMAD2/3 was colocalized with MMP9. CONCLUSIONS The study found that SMAD2/3 phosphorylation is correlated with matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in human periapical lesions, suggesting its potential involvement in tissue destruction and immune cell infiltration in periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wan
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongzheng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the 8th People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingshuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qunli Guan
- Department of Endodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Kim C. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Play Essential but Contrasting Roles in Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15342. [PMID: 37895023 PMCID: PMC10607827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is regulated by the balanced actions of osteoblasts that form the bone and osteoclasts (OCs) that resorb the bone. Bone-resorbing OCs are differentiated from hematopoietic monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, whereas osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal progenitors. OC differentiation is induced by two key cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a factor essential for the proliferation and survival of the OCs, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), a factor for responsible for the differentiation of the OCs. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, play an essential role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and function of OCs. ERKs have been known to play a critical role in the differentiation and activation of OCs. In most cases, ERKs positively regulate OC differentiation and function. However, several reports present conflicting conclusions. Interestingly, the inhibition of OC differentiation by ERK1/2 is observed only in OCs differentiated from RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current understanding of the conflicting actions of ERK1/2 in OC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaekyun Kim
- BK21 Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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3
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Oppezzo A, Monney L, Kilian H, Slimani L, Maczkowiak-Chartois F, Rosselli F. Fanca deficiency is associated with alterations in osteoclastogenesis that are rescued by TNFα. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:115. [PMID: 37355617 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) niche, which includes bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells, i.e., osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). OBs originate from mesenchymal progenitors, while OCs are derived from HSCs. Self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of HSCs are under the control of regulatory signals generated by OBs and OCs within the BM niche. Consequently, OBs and OCs control both bone physiology and hematopoiesis. Since the human developmental and bone marrow failure genetic syndrome fanconi anemia (FA) presents with skeletal abnormalities, osteoporosis and HSC impairment, we wanted to test the hypothesis that the main pathological abnormalities of FA could be related to a defect in OC physiology and/or in bone homeostasis. RESULTS We revealed here that the intrinsic differentiation of OCs from a Fanca-/- mouse is impaired in vitro due to overactivation of the p53-p21 axis and defects in NF-kB signaling. The OC differentiation abnormalities observed in vitro were rescued by treating Fanca-/- cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α, by treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα or by coculturing them with Fanca-proficient or Fanca-deficient osteoblastic cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results highlight an unappreciated role of Fanca in OC differentiation that is potentially circumvented in vivo by the presence of OBs and TNFα in the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Oppezzo
- CNRS UMR9019, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lovely Monney
- CNRS UMR9019, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Henri Kilian
- URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU-DDS-net, Dental School, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France
| | - Lofti Slimani
- URP2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales et Plateforme Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), FHU-DDS-net, Dental School, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France
| | - Frédérique Maczkowiak-Chartois
- CNRS UMR9019, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR9019, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
- Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France.
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4
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Flavonoids from Dalbergia cochinchinensis: Impact on osteoclastogenesis. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:112-119. [PMID: 36643234 PMCID: PMC9831843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dalbergia cochinchinensi has been widely used in traditional medicine because of its flavonoids. This study examined which components in D. cochinchinensis were capable of reducing or even stimulating the formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Materials and methods We have isolated subfamilies of chalcones (isoliquiritigenin, butein), flavones (7-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) and neoflavanoids (5-methoxylatifolin), and performed an in vitro bioassay on osteoclastogenesis. The flavonoids were tested for their potential to change the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K (CTSK) in murine bone marrow cultures being exposed to RANKL, M-CSF and TGF-β1 using RT-PCR, histochemistry and immunoassay. Results We could confirm that isoliquiritigenin and butein significantly lower the expression of TRAP and CTSK in this setting. Moreover, histochemistry supported the decrease of TRAP by the chalcones. We further observed a trend towards an increase of osteoclastogenesis in the presence of 5-methoxylatifolin and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone, particular in bone marrow cultures being exposed to RANKL and M-CSF. Consistently, the anti-inflammatory activity was restricted to isoliquiritigenin and butein in murine RAW 264.7 inflammatory macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). With respect to osteoblastogenesis, neither of the flavonoids but butyrate, a short chain fatty acid, increased the osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase activity in ST2 murine mesenchymal cells. Conclusion We have identified two flavonoids from D. cochinchinensis with a potential pro-osteoclastogenic activity and confirm the anti-osteoclastogenic activity of isoliquiritigenin and butein.
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Calvo-Gallego JL, Manchado-Morales P, Pivonka P, Martínez-Reina J. Spatio-temporal simulations of bone remodelling using a bone cell population model based on cell availability. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1060158. [PMID: 36959906 PMCID: PMC10027742 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we developed a spatio-temporal bone remodeling model to simulate the action of Basic Multicelluar Units (BMUs). This model is based on two major extensions of a temporal-only bone cell population model (BCPM). First, the differentiation into mature resorbing osteoclasts and mature forming osteoblasts from their respective precursor cells was modelled as an intermittent process based on precursor cells availability. Second, the interaction between neighbouring BMUs was considered based on a "metabolic cost" argument which warrants that no new BMU will be activated in the neighbourhood of an existing BMU. With the proposed model we have simulated the phases of the remodelling process obtaining average periods similar to those found in the literature: resorption ( ∼ 22 days)-reversal (∼8 days)-formation (∼65 days)-quiescence (560-600 days) and an average BMU activation frequency of ∼1.6 BMUs/year/mm3. We further show here that the resorption and formation phases of the BMU become coordinated only by the presence of TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), i.e., a major coupling factor stored in the bone matrix. TGF-β is released through resorption so upregulating osteoclast apoptosis and accumulation of osteoblast precursors, i.e., facilitating the transition from the resorption to the formation phase at a given remodelling site. Finally, we demonstrate that this model can explain targeted bone remodelling as the BMUs are steered towards damaged bone areas in order to commence bone matrix repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Gallego
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Luis Calvo-Gallego,
| | - Pablo Manchado-Morales
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Peter Pivonka
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Javier Martínez-Reina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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6
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Duxfield A, Munkley J, Briggs MD, Dennis EP. CRELD2 is a novel modulator of calcium release and calcineurin-NFAT signalling during osteoclast differentiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13884. [PMID: 35974042 PMCID: PMC9381524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine rich with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident chaperone protein with calcium binding properties. CRELD2 is an ER-stress regulated gene that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of skeletal dysplasias and has been shown to play an important role in the differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Despite CRELD2 having an established role in skeletal development and bone formation, its role in osteoclasts is currently unknown. Here we show for the first time that CRELD2 plays a novel role in trafficking transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), which is linked to an upregulation in the expression of Nfat2, the master regulator of osteoclast differentiation in early osteoclastogenesis. Despite this finding, we show that overexpressing CRELD2 impaired osteoclast differentiation due to a reduction in the activity of the calcium-dependant phosphatase, calcineurin. This in turn led to a subsequent block in the dephosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), preventing its nuclear localisation and activation as a pro-osteoclastogenic transcription factor. Our exciting results show that the overexpression of Creld2 in osteoclasts impaired calcium release from the ER which is essential for activating calcineurin and promoting osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, our data proposes a novel inhibitory role for this calcium-binding ER-resident chaperone in modulating calcium flux during osteoclast differentiation which has important implications in our understanding of bone remodelling and the pathogenesis of skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Duxfield
- International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ella P Dennis
- International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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7
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Bailey KN, Alliston T. At the Crux of Joint Crosstalk: TGFβ Signaling in the Synovial Joint. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:184-197. [PMID: 35499698 PMCID: PMC9184360 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The effect of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway on joint homeostasis is tissue-specific, non-linear, and context-dependent, representing a unique complexity in targeting TGFβ signaling in joint disease. Here we discuss the variety of mechanisms that TGFβ signaling employs in the synovial joint to maintain healthy joint crosstalk and the ways in which aberrant TGFβ signaling can result in joint degeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoarthritis (OA) epitomizes a condition of disordered joint crosstalk in which multiple joint tissues degenerate leading to overall joint deterioration. Synovial joint tissues, such as subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and synovium, as well as mesenchymal stem cells, each demonstrate aberrant TGFβ signaling during joint disease, whether by excessive or suppressed signaling, imbalance of canonical and non-canonical signaling, a perturbed mechanical microenvironment, or a distorted response to TGFβ signaling during aging. The synovial joint relies upon a sophisticated alliance among each joint tissue to maintain joint homeostasis. The TGFβ signaling pathway is a key regulator of the health of individual joint tissues, and the subsequent interaction among these different joint tissues, also known as joint crosstalk. Dissecting the sophisticated function of TGFβ signaling in the synovial joint is key to therapeutically interrogating the pathway to optimize overall joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsyn N Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, San Francisco, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, San Francisco, USA.
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8
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Nasirzade J, Kargarpour Z, Panahipour L, Gruber R. Acid Dentin Lysate Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226920. [PMID: 34832320 PMCID: PMC8622705 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dentin prepared from extracted teeth is used as autograft for alveolar bone augmentation. Graft consolidation involves the acid lysis of dentin thereby generating a characteristic paracrine environment. Acid lysate of dentin is mimicking this environment. Acid dentin lysate (ADL) potentially targets hematopoietic cells thereby affecting their differentiation towards macrophages and osteoclasts; however, the question remains if ADL controls macrophage polarization and osteoclastogenesis. Here, we show that ADL reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage polarization of the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype, indicated by attenuated Interleukin 1 (IL1), Interleukine 6 (IL6)and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression. This decrease in M1 macrophages was confirmed by the reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in the LPS-exposed RAW 264.7 macrophages. Similarly, when RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with other agonists of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling e.g., FSL1, Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid High Molecular Weight (Poly (1:C) HMW), Pam3CSK4, and imiquimod, ADL reduced the IL6 expression. We further show herein that ADL decreased osteoclastogenesis indicated by the reduced formation of multinucleated cell expressing cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in murine bone marrow cultures. Overall, our results suggest that acid dentin lysate can affect the differentiation of hematopoietic cells to M1 macrophage polarization and a decrease in osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila Nasirzade
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahra Kargarpour
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Xu J, Liu J, Gan Y, Dai K, Zhao J, Huang M, Huang Y, Zhuang Y, Zhang X. High-Dose TGF-β1 Impairs Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Bone Regeneration via Bmp2 Inhibition. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:167-180. [PMID: 31487395 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key factor in bone reconstruction. However, its pathophysiological role in non-union and bone repair remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that TGF-β1 was highly expressed in both C57BL/6 mice where new bone formation was impaired after autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) implantation in non-union patients. High doses of TGF-β1 inhibited BMMSC osteogenesis and attenuated bone regeneration in vivo. Furthermore, different TGF-β1 levels exhibited opposite effects on osteogenic differentiation and bone healing. Mechanistically, low TGF-β1 doses activated smad3, promoted their binding to bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) promoter, and upregulated Bmp2 expression in BMMSCs. By contrast, Bmp2 transcription was inhibited by changing smad3 binding sites on its promoter at high TGF-β1 levels. In addition, high TGF-β1 doses increased tomoregulin-1 (Tmeff1) levels, resulting in the repression of Bmp2 and bone formation in mice. Treatment with the TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542 significantly rescued BMMSC osteogenesis and accelerated bone regeneration. Our study suggests that high-dose TGF-β1 dampens BMMSC-mediated bone regeneration by activating canonical TGF-β/smad3 signaling and inhibiting Bmp2 via direct and indirect mechanisms. These data collectively show a previously unrecognized mechanism of TGF-β1 in bone repair, and TGF-β1 is an effective therapeutic target for treating bone regeneration disability. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaokai Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifu Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Kargarpour Z, Nasirzade J, Strauss FJ, Di Summa F, Hasannia S, Müller HD, Gruber R. Platelet-rich fibrin suppresses in vitro osteoclastogenesis. J Periodontol 2019; 91:413-421. [PMID: 31381154 PMCID: PMC7155126 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) membranes can preserve alveolar ridge dimension after tooth extraction. Thus, it can be presumed that PRF suppresses the catabolic events that are caused by osteoclastic bone resorption. Methods To address this possibility, we investigated the impact of soluble extracts of PRF membranes on in vitro osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. Osteoclastogenesis was induced by exposing murine bone marrow cultures to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in the presence or absence of PRF. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated based on histochemical, gene expression, and resorption analysis. Viability was confirmed by formation of formazan crystals, live‐dead staining and caspase‐3 activity assay. Results We report here that in vitro osteoclastogenesis is greatly suppressed by soluble extracts of PRF membranes as indicated by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation. In support of the histochemical observations, soluble extracts of PRF membranes decreased expression levels of the osteoclast marker genes TRAP, Cathepsin K, dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein (DCSTAMP), nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFATc1), and osteoclast‐associated receptor (OSCAR). PRF membranes, however, cannot reverse the process once osteoclastogenesis has evolved. Conclusion These in vitro findings indicate that PRF membranes can inhibit the formation of osteoclasts from hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cultures. Overall, our results imply that the favorable effects of PRF membranes in alveolar ridge preservation may be attributed, at least in part, by the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kargarpour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Nasirzade
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Franz Josef Strauss
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francesca Di Summa
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Lubkowska A, Chudecka M. The Effects of Small-Volume Liposuction Surgery of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Gluteal-Femoral Region on Selected Biochemical Parameters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3298. [PMID: 31500356 PMCID: PMC6765828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liposuction is becoming an increasingly common procedure of aesthetic surgery, that patients choose to shape the body. Apart from the risks associated with the surgery, one should also consider whether the reduction of adipose tissue can significantly affect the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates and, indirectly, that of bone tissue. The aim of the presented study was to assess the effects of small-volume liposuction surgery in the gluteal-femoral region on the selected markers of carbohydrate, lipid, and bone metabolism. The study included 27 women (40.75 ± 13.67 years of age, BMI = 25.9 ± 4.13 kg/m2) subjected to the removal of 3.35 ± 0.994 L of adipose tissue to shape the body. Following the procedure, significant changes in the body composition and body adiposity indicators were observed in these women. A slight decrease in adiponectin, leptin, resistin and insulin levels and HOMA-IR value was found three months after the procedure. No changes in the lipid profile of the subjects were found. It can be concluded that the removal of a small volume of adipose tissue from the gluteal-femoral region has a slight but positive effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, providing a decreased risk of developing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Monika Chudecka
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Biometry, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, al. Piastów 40b/6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
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12
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Elimelech R, Khoury N, Tamari T, Blumenfeld I, Gutmacher Z, Zigdon‐Giladi H. Use of transforming growth factor‐β loaded onto β‐tricalcium phosphate scaffold in a bone regeneration rat calvaria model. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:593-601. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Elimelech
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate DentistryRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
| | - Nizar Khoury
- Research Institute for Bone RepairRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
| | - Tal Tamari
- Research Institute for Bone RepairRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
| | - Israel Blumenfeld
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Graduate DentistryRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
| | - Zvi Gutmacher
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Graduate DentistryRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon‐Giladi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate DentistryRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
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Kylmäoja E, Nakamura M, Turunen S, Patlaka C, Andersson G, Lehenkari P, Tuukkanen J. Peripheral blood monocytes show increased osteoclast differentiation potential compared to bone marrow monocytes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00780. [PMID: 30225379 PMCID: PMC6138956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) derived mononuclear cells are precursors of in vitro osteoclast differentiation. However, few studies have compared the phenotypic and functional properties of osteoclasts generated from these sources and the effects of different growth factors on osteoclastogenesis. Both cell types differentiated into functional osteoclasts, but culturing the cells with or without transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and dexamethasone revealed differences in their osteoclastogenic capacity. When receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were used for differentiation, we did not observe differences in bone resorption activity or expression of osteoclastogenic genes calcitonin receptor (CR) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1) between the osteoclasts formed from the two sources. Addition of TGF-β and dexamethasone led to higher number of nuclei in multinuclear cells and increased expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) 5a and 5b, CR and NFATc1 in PB- derived osteoclasts depicting the higher osteoclastogenic potential and responsiveness to TGF-β and dexamethasone in PB monocytes. These results conclude that the choice of the osteoclast precursor source as well as the choice of osteoclastogenic growth factors are essential matters in determining the phenotypic characteristics of heterogeneous osteoclast populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kylmäoja
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Finland
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Finland
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Sanna Turunen
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Finland
| | - Christina Patlaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Finland
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Iwasaki Y, Yamato H, Fukagawa M. TGF-Beta Signaling in Bone with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2352. [PMID: 30103389 PMCID: PMC6121599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is not only important in skeletal development, but also essential in bone remodeling in adult bone. The bone remodeling process involves integrated cell activities induced by multiple stimuli to balance bone resorption and bone formation. TGF-β plays a role in bone remodeling by coordinating cell activities to maintain bone homeostasis. However, mineral metabolism disturbance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in abnormal bone remodeling, which leads to ectopic calcification in CKD. High circulating levels of humoral factors such as parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23, and Wnt inhibitors modulate bone remodeling in CKD. Several reports have revealed that TGF-β is involved in the production and functions of these factors in bone. TGF-β may act as a factor that mediates abnormal bone remodeling in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Iwasaki
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita 870-1163, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamato
- Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-119, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Fukagawa
- Division of Nephrology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-119, Japan.
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15
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T'Jonck W, Guilliams M, Bonnardel J. Niche signals and transcription factors involved in tissue-resident macrophage development. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:43-53. [PMID: 29463401 PMCID: PMC6108424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages form an essential part of the first line of defense in all tissues of the body. Next to their immunological role, they play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recently, it was shown that they are primarily of embryonic origin. During embryogenesis, precursors originating in the yolk sac and fetal liver colonize the embryonal tissues where they develop into mature tissue-resident macrophages. Their development is governed by two distinct sets of transcription factors. First, in the pre-macrophage stage, a core macrophage program is established by lineage-determining transcription factors. Under the influence of tissue-specific signals, this core program is refined by signal-dependent transcription factors. This nurturing by the niche allows the macrophages to perform tissue-specific functions. In the last 15 years, some of these niche signals and transcription factors have been identified. However, detailed insight in the exact mechanism of development is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T'Jonck
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Johnny Bonnardel
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium.
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16
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Kylmäoja E, Nakamura M, Kokkonen-Puuperä H, Ronkainen VP, Lehenkari P, Tuukkanen J. Gap junctional communication is involved in differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00621. [PMID: 29756076 PMCID: PMC5944415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of the study was to compare the influence of gap junctional communication (GJC) in osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. These widely used sources differ in purity, since BM cultures contain a significant number of stromal cells. We studied whether stimulation of GJC in BM monocyte/stromal cell cultures differs from the effect in pure PB monocyte cultures. We compared the differentiation also in acidosis, which is a known inducer of bone resorption. Main methods Human BM and PB monocytes were isolated from BM aspirates or whole blood samples. The cells were cultured on human bone slices with osteoclastogenic growth factors and a GJC modulator, antiarrhythmic peptide AAP10, at physiological and acidic pH. Key findings Both BM and PB monocytes differentiated into osteoclasts. Acidosis increased resorption in both cultures but stimulated cell fusion only in BM cultures, which demonstrates the role of stromal cells in osteoclastogenesis. At physiological pH, AAP10 increased the number of multinuclear cells and bone resorption in both BM and PB cultures indicating that GJC is involved in differentiation in both of these osteoclastogenesis assays. Interestingly, in PB cultures at pH 6.5 the stimulation of GJC with AAP10 inhibited both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption suggesting a different role of GJC in BM and PB monocytes at stressed environment. Significance The study is conducted with primary human tissue samples and adds new knowledge on factors affecting osteoclastogenesis from different monocyte sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kylmäoja
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Hanna Kokkonen-Puuperä
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Veli-Pekka Ronkainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Light Microscopy Core Facility, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
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17
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de Vries TJ, Schoenmaker T, Micha D, Hogervorst J, Bouskla S, Forouzanfar T, Pals G, Netelenbos C, Eekhoff EMW, Bravenboer N. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts as a cell model to study osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Bone 2018; 109:168-177. [PMID: 28705683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is a progressive disease characterized by periods of heterotopic ossification of soft connective tissues, including ligaments. Though progress has been made in recent years in unraveling the underlying mechanism, patient-derived cell models are necessary to test potential treatment options. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) from extracted teeth can be used to study deviant bone modeling processes in vitro since these cells are derived from genuine ligaments. They further provide a tool to study the hitherto unknown role of the bone morphogenesis protein receptor type 1 (BMPR-1) Activin A type 1 receptor ACVR1-R206H mutation in osteoclastogenesis. To further validate this potential model, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis was studied in the presence of TGF-β/activin receptor inhibitor GW788388. Control and FOP fibroblasts (n=6 of each) were used in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis assays in the absence or presence of TGF-β/activin receptor inhibitor GW788388. For osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining for mineralization and qPCR for expression of osteogenic markers was assessed. TRACP staining, multinuclearity and expression of osteoclastogenesis markers were used as a measure of osteoclast formation. FOP fibroblasts cultured in osteogenic medium displayed a trend of higher ALP activity at 7days. Gene expression of ALP from FOP fibroblasts was significantly higher at 3days. Mineralization was similar at 21days for both groups. GW788388 did not influence mineral deposition in both groups. Osteoclast formation was inhibited by GW788388 on plastic for both controls and FOP. On cortical bone slices, however, osteoclast formation was significantly lowered by GW788388, only in FOP cultures. qPCR revealed strong expression of RANKL at 7days and a significant decline at 14 and 21days in both FOP and control cultures. In contrast to the osteoclastogenesis results, the RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in the presence of GW788388, only in FOP cultures. TGF-β expression was significantly higher at 14 and 21days compared to 7days, possibly signifying a role in later stages of osteoclast formation. Addition of GW788388 strongly decreased TGF-β expression. Our study shows that periodontal ligament fibroblasts from FOP patients displayed at most slightly enhanced in vitro osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This model could be useful to elucidate molecular mechanisms leading to heterotopic ossification in FOP such as in the presence of specific ACVR1-R206H activators as Activin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siham Bouskla
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Netelenbos
- Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Marelise W Eekhoff
- Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Becerikli M, Jaurich H, Schira J, Schulte M, Döbele C, Wallner C, Abraham S, Wagner JM, Dadras M, Kneser U, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Age-dependent alterations in osteoblast and osteoclast activity in human cancellous bone. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2773-2781. [PMID: 28444839 PMCID: PMC5661248 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is decreased in bone tissue of aged individuals. However, detailed investigation of the molecular signature of human bone from young compared to aged individuals confirming this assumption is lacking. In this study, quantitative expression analysis of genes related to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis of human cancellous bone derived from the distal radius of young and aged individuals was performed. Furthermore, we additionally performed immunohistochemical stainings. The young group included 24 individuals with an average age of 23.2 years, which was compared to cancellous bone derived from 11 body donators with an average age of 81.0 years. In cancellous bone of young individuals, the osteogenesis-related genes RUNX-2, OSTERIX, OSTEOPONTIN and OSTEOCALCIN were significantly up-regulated compared to aged individuals. In addition, RANKL and NFATc1, both markers for osteoclastogenesis, were significantly induced in cancellous bone of young individuals, as well as the WNT gene family member WNT5a and the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9. However, quantitative RT-PCR analysis of BMP-2, ALP, FGF-2, CYCLIN-D1, MMP-13, RANK, OSTEOPROTEGERIN and TGFb1 revealed no significant difference. Furthermore, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed which indicated an increased osteoclast activity in cancellous bone of young individuals. In addition, pentachrome stainings revealed significantly less mineralized bone matrix, more osteoid and an increased bone density in young individuals. In summary, markers related to osteogenesis as well as osteoclastogenesis were significantly decreased in the aged individuals. Thus, the present data extends the knowledge about reduced bone regeneration and healing capacity observed in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Henriette Jaurich
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Jessica Schira
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Matthias Schulte
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG Trauma Hospital LudwigshafenUniversity of HeidelbergLudwigshafenGermany
| | - Carmen Döbele
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG Trauma Hospital LudwigshafenUniversity of HeidelbergLudwigshafenGermany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Stephanie Abraham
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Johannes M. Wagner
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG Trauma Hospital LudwigshafenUniversity of HeidelbergLudwigshafenGermany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr‐University BochumBochumGermany
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19
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Huang HM, Li XL, Tu SQ, Chen XF, Lu CC, Jiang LH. Effects of Roughly Focused Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy on the Expressions of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Osteoprotegerin in Osteoporotic Fracture in Rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2567-2575. [PMID: 27779163 PMCID: PMC5125335 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.192776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly focused extracorporeal shock waves therapy (ESWT) is characterized by a wide focal area, a large therapy zone, easy positioning, and less pain during treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of roughly focused ESWT on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in osteoporotic fractures in rats. METHODS Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 3 months old, were divided into sham-operated group (n = 6) and an ovariectomized (OVX) group (n = 66). Sixty OVX SD rats were used as a model of double proximal tibial osteotomy and inner fixation. The osteotomy site in the left tibia was treated with roughly focused ESWT once at an energy density of 0.26 mJ/mm2, 60 doses/min, and 2000 pact quantities. The contralateral right tibia was left untreated and served as a control. Expression of OPG and BMP-2 in the callus of the osteoporotic fracture area was assessed using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS Bone mineral density (BMD) at the proximal tibia, femur, and L5 spine was significantly reduced after ovariectomy. BMD of proximal tibia was 12.9% less in the OVX group than that in the sham-operated group. Meanwhile, bilateral oophorectomy resulted in a lower trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the proximal tibia of the sham-OVX animals. Three months after bilateral oophorectomy, BV/TV was 14.29% of baseline BV/TV in OVX legs versus 45.91% in the sham-OVX legs (P < 0.001). These data showed that the SD rats became a suitable model of osteoporosis, 3 months after they were OVX. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher levels of BMP-2 and OPG expression in the treatment group than those in the control group. Compared with the contralateral controls, decreased expression of OPG and BMP-2 at 3 days after roughly focused ESWT, followed by a later increase at 7 days, was indicated by real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. The OPG messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels peaked at 6 weeks after the shock wave treatment, paired with a much earlier (at 4 weeks) increase of BMP-2, and declined close to normal at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Roughly focused ESWT may promote the expression of OPG and BMP-2 in the osteoporotic fracture area in rats. BMP-2 and OPG may act synergistically and may lead to a significant enhancement of bone formation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Chun Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Liang-Hua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, China
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20
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Tanaka S. RANKL-Independent Osteoclastogenesis: A Long-Standing Controversy. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:431-433. [PMID: 28177151 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Collins FL, Schepper JD, Rios-Arce ND, Steury MD, Kang HJ, Mallin H, Schoenherr D, Camfield G, Chishti S, McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Immunology of Gut-Bone Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1033:59-94. [PMID: 29101652 PMCID: PMC5749247 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years a link between the gastrointestinal tract and bone health has started to gain significant attention. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been linked to the pathology of a number of diseases which are associated with bone loss. In addition modulation of the intestinal microbiota with probiotic bacteria has revealed to have both beneficial local and systemic effects. In the present chapter, we discuss the intestinal and bone immune systems, explore how intestinal disease affects the immune system, and examine how these pathologic changes could adversely impact bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Steury
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Heather Mallin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Schoenherr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Glen Camfield
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Saima Chishti
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology and Department of Radiology, Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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22
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Fennen M, Pap T, Dankbar B. Smad-dependent mechanisms of inflammatory bone destruction. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:279. [PMID: 27906049 PMCID: PMC5134126 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic bone remodelling becomes disturbed in a variety of pathologic conditions that affect the skeleton, including inflammatory diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis is the prototype of an inflammatory arthritis characterised by chronic inflammation, progressive cartilage destruction and focal bone erosions and is a prime example for a disease with disturbed bone homeostasis. The inflammatory milieu favours the recruitment and activation of osteoclasts, which have been found to be the cells that are primarily responsible for bone erosions in many animal models of inflammatory arthritis. Among the inflammatory modulators, members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β super family are shown to be important regulators in osteoclastogenesis with Smad-mediated signalling being crucial for inducing osteoclast differentiation. These findings have opened a new field for exploring mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation under inflammatory conditions. Recent studies have shown that the TGF-β superfamily members TGF-β1, myostatin and activin A directly regulate osteoclast differentiation through mechanisms that depend on the RANKL–RANK interplay. These growth factors transduce their signals through type I and II receptor serine/threonine kinases, thereby activating the Smad pathway. In this review, we describe the impact of inflammation-induced Smad signalling in osteoclast development and subsequently bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fennen
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, Westfalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, Westfalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Berno Dankbar
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, Westfalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.
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23
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Smad4 is required to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and maintain bone mass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35221. [PMID: 27731422 PMCID: PMC5059689 DOI: 10.1038/srep35221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained as a delicate balance between bone-resorption and bone-formation, which are coupled to maintain appropriate bone mass. A critical question is how bone-resorption is terminated to allow bone-formation to occur. Here, we show that TGFβs inhibit osteoclastogenesis and maintain bone-mass through Smad4 activity in osteoclasts. We found that latent-TGFβ1 was activated by osteoclasts to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast-specific Smad4 conditional knockout mice (Smad4-cKO) exhibited significantly reduced bone-mass and elevated osteoclast formation relative to controls. TGFβ1-activation induced expression of Irf8 and Bcl6, both of which encode factors inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, by blocking their negative regulator, Prdm1, in osteoclasts in a Smad4-dependent manner. Reduced bone-mass and accelerated osteoclastogenesis seen in Smad4-cKO were abrogated by Prdm1 deletion. Administration of latent-TGFβ1-Fc to wild-type mice antagonized LPS-induced bone destruction in a model of activated osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. Thus, latent-TGFβ1-Fc could serve as a promising new therapeutic agent in bone diseases marked by excessive resorption.
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Yang C, Ding P, Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhao J, Xu E, Wang N, Chen J, Yang G, Hu W, Zhou X. Inhibition of Complement Retards Ankylosing Spondylitis Progression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34643. [PMID: 27698377 PMCID: PMC5048143 DOI: 10.1038/srep34643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) resulting in back pain and progressive spinal ankyloses. Currently, there are no effective therapeutics targeting AS largely due to elusive pathogenesis mechanisms, even as potential candidates such as HLA-B27 autoantigen have been identified. Herein, we employed a proteoglycan (PG)-induced AS mouse model together with clinical specimens, and found that the complement system was substantially activated in the spinal bone marrow, accompanied by a remarkable proportion alteration of neutrophils and macrophage in bone marrow and spleen, and by the significant increase of TGF-β1 in serum. The combined treatment with a bacteria-derived complement inhibitor Efb-C (C-terminal of extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus) remarkably retarded the progression of mouse AS by reducing osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that two important modulators involved in AS disease, TGF-β1 and RANKL, were elevated upon in vitro complement attack in osteoblast and/or osteoclast cells. These findings further unravel that complement activation is closely related with the pathogenesis of AS, and suggest that complement inhibition may hold great potential for AS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.,Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingkai Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianquan Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Enjie Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Na Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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25
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Mueller CG, Voisin B. Of skin and bone: did Langerhans cells and osteoclasts evolve from a common ancestor? J Anat 2016; 235:412-417. [PMID: 27620531 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells of the interfollicular epidermis and the upper part of the hair follicle, whereas osteoclasts are specialized bone-resorbing macrophages. Although at first view these two cell types appear to have little in common, a closer analysis reveals shared features, and when taking into account their surrounding environment, a hypothesis can be developed that Langerhans cells and osteoclasts have evolved from a common ancestral cell type. In this mini-review, we have compared the ontogenetic features of Langerhans cells and osteoclasts from a genetic and a functional point of view, an issue that so far has been overlooked. The gene programs that control cell differentiation, and the body parts where they reside, present surprising similarities. Whereas the function of osteoclasts in bone degradation has been established since the first vertebrates, Langerhans cells may have undergone a stepwise adaptation from aquatic to terrestrial life. Their cell function co-evolved with the imperatives of the skin to protect against physical impact, heat, water loss and pathogens, which implied the capacity of Langerhans cells to associate with skin appendages and to develop immunostimulatory functions. For the highly versatile and efficient immune system of modern vertebrates, Langerhans cells may be a memory of the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Mueller
- CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Voisin
- CNRS UPR 3572, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry/Laboratory of Excellence MEDALIS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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26
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Predictive computational modeling to define effective treatment strategies for bone metastatic prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29384. [PMID: 27411810 PMCID: PMC4944130 DOI: 10.1038/srep29384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to rapidly assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for incurable bone metastatic prostate cancer is an urgent need. Pre-clinical in vivo models are limited in their ability to define the temporal effects of therapies on simultaneous multicellular interactions in the cancer-bone microenvironment. Integrating biological and computational modeling approaches can overcome this limitation. Here, we generated a biologically driven discrete hybrid cellular automaton (HCA) model of bone metastatic prostate cancer to identify the optimal therapeutic window for putative targeted therapies. As proof of principle, we focused on TGFβ because of its known pleiotropic cellular effects. HCA simulations predict an optimal effect for TGFβ inhibition in a pre-metastatic setting with quantitative outputs indicating a significant impact on prostate cancer cell viability, osteoclast formation and osteoblast differentiation. In silico predictions were validated in vivo with models of bone metastatic prostate cancer (PAIII and C4-2B). Analysis of human bone metastatic prostate cancer specimens reveals heterogeneous cancer cell use of TGFβ. Patient specific information was seeded into the HCA model to predict the effect of TGFβ inhibitor treatment on disease evolution. Collectively, we demonstrate how an integrated computational/biological approach can rapidly optimize the efficacy of potential targeted therapies on bone metastatic prostate cancer.
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27
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Takeyama K, Chatani M, Inohaya K, Kudo A. TGFβ-2 signaling is essential for osteoblast migration and differentiation during fracture healing in medaka fish. Bone 2016; 86:68-78. [PMID: 26947892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ is known as a canonical coupling factor based on its effects on bone formation and bone resorption. There are 3 different isoforms of it related to bone metabolism in mammals. TGFβ function in vivo is complicated, and each isoform shows a different function. Since TGFβs are secreted during inflammation accompanied by the release of latent TGFβ from inside of the bones where they are stored in the extracellular matrix, TGFβ function is potentially related to fracture healing. Although a few reports examined the TGFβ expression during fracture healing, the function of TGFβ in this process is poorly understood. To investigate TGFβ function during fracture healing in vivo, we used the fracture healing model of the medaka fish, which enabled us to observe the behavior and function of living cells in response to a bone-specific injury. RNA in-situ hybridization analysis showed that only tgfβ-2 of the 4 TGFβ isoforms in medaka was expressed in the bone-forming region. To examine the TGFβ-2 function for bone formation by osteoblasts, we used a medaka transgenic line, Tg (type X collagen: GFP); and the results revealed that type X collagen-positive immature osteoblasts migrated to the fracture site and differentiated to osterix-positive osteoblasts. However, only a few type X collagen-positive osteoblasts exhibited BrdU incorporation after the fracture. Then we inhibited TGFβ signaling by using a chemical TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542), and demonstrated that inhibition of TGFβ strongly impaired osteoblast migration and differentiation. In addition, this TGFβ inhibitor reduced the RANKL expression and caused a delay of osteoclast differentiation. Our findings thus demonstrated that TGFβ-2 functioned specifically during fracture healing to stimulate the migration of osteoblasts as well as the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takeyama
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Inohaya
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Kudo
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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28
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LEE WANGHEE, OKOS MARTINR. MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS OF IGF-1 EFFECT ON OSTEOBLAST AND OSTEOCLAST REGULATION IN BONE TURNOVER. J BIOL SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339016500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main determinant of bone Ca accretion is a bimolecular regulatory network on osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC). Even though IGF-1 is known as an important regulator in bone cell cycle, little has been done to model IGF-1 action in bone cell regulation. Thus, the objective is to develop a mathematical model that depicts the regulatory action of IGF-1 onto the OB and OC interaction, and to evaluate adolescent and adult bone Ca accretion in response to differences in IGF-1 levels. As a result, a dynamic model of OB and OC with two main regulatory systems, i.e., Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor [Formula: see text]B (RANK)-RANK Ligand (RANKL)-osteoprogerin (OPG) system, and TGF-[Formula: see text], was augmented with the IGF-1, and incorporated into Ca kinetic data to predict exchangeable bone Ca. The developed model could predict a change in OB and OC levels in response to perturbations in regulators, producing results consistent with bone physiology and published experimental data. The model also estimated parametric difference in regulators between adults and adolescents, suggesting that RANKL/OPG in adolescents was about 4 times higher than in adults, while adolescent serum PTH and IGF-1 concentrations were 60% and 220% of those of adults, respectively. This study highlighted the influence of IGF-1 on the regulation of bone cells in positively modulating bone Ca, suggesting that IGF-1 may be an effective target for reducing bone loss by promoting mature OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- WANG-HEE LEE
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA
| | - MARTIN R. OKOS
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, USA
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29
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Abstract
The mineralized structure of bone undergoes constant remodeling by the balanced actions of bone-producing osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). Physiologic bone remodeling occurs in response to the body's need to respond to changes in electrolyte levels, or mechanical forces on bone. There are many pathological conditions, however, that cause an imbalance between bone production and resorption due to excessive OCL action that results in net bone loss. Situations involving chronic or acute inflammation are often associated with net bone loss, and research into understanding the mechanisms regulating this bone loss has led to the development of the field of osteoimmunology. It is now evident that the skeletal and immune systems are functionally linked and share common cells and signaling molecules. This review discusses the signaling system of immune cells and cytokines regulating aberrant OCL differentiation and activity. The role of these cells and cytokines in the bone loss occurring in periodontal disease (PD) (chronic inflammation) and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) (acute inflammation) is then described. The review finishes with an exploration of the emerging role of Notch signaling in the development of the immune cells and OCLs that are involved in osteoimmunological bone loss and the research into Notch signaling in OTM and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Tompkins
- a Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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30
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Ji B, Genever PG, Fagan MJ. A virtual approach to evaluate therapies for management of multiple myeloma induced bone disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 32:e02735. [PMID: 26198466 PMCID: PMC4989444 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma bone disease is devastating for patients and a major cause of morbidity. The disease leads to bone destruction by inhibiting osteoblast activity while stimulating osteoclast activity. Recent advances in multiple myeloma research have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma-induced bone disease and suggest several potential therapeutic strategies. However, the effectiveness of some potential therapeutic strategies still requires further investigation and optimization. In this paper, a recently developed mathematical model is extended to mimic and then evaluate three therapies of the disease, namely: bisphosphonates, bortezomib and TGF-β inhibition. The model suggests that bisphosphonates and bortezomib treatments not only inhibit bone destruction, but also reduce the viability of myeloma cells. This contributes to the current debate as to whether bisphosphonate therapy has an anti-tumour effect. On the other hand, the analyses indicate that treatments designed to inhibit TGF-β do not reduce bone destruction, although it appears that they might reduce the viability of myeloma cells, which again contributes to the current controversy regarding the efficacy of TGF-β inhibition in multiple myeloma-induced bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- School of Control Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061People's Republic of China
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31
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Tasca A, Stemig M, Broege A, Huang B, Davydova J, Zwijsen A, Umans L, Jensen ED, Gopalakrishnan R, Mansky KC. Smad1/5 and Smad4 expression are important for osteoclast differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1350-60. [PMID: 25711193 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the necessity of the canonical BMP pathway during osteoclast differentiation, we created osteoclasts with a conditional gene deletion for Smad1 and Smad5 (SMAD1/5), or Smad4 using adenovirus expressing CRE recombinase (Ad-CRE). Reduction of either Smad4 or Smad1/5 expression resulted in fewer and smaller multinuclear cells compared to control cells. We also detected changes in osteoclast enriched genes, demonstrated by decreased Dc-stamp and cathepsin K expression in both Smad4 and Smad1/5 Ad-CRE osteoclasts, and changes in c-fos and Nfatc1 expression in only Smad4 Ad-CRE cells. Lastly we also detected a significant decrease in resorption pits and area resorbed in both the Smad4 and Smad1/5 Ad-CRE osteoclasts. Because we inhibited osteoclast differentiation with loss of either Smad4 or Smad1/5 expression, we assessed whether BMPs affected osteoclast activity in addition to BMP's effects on differentiation. Therefore, we treated mature osteoclasts with BMP2 or with dorsomorphin, a chemical inhibitor that selectively suppresses canonical BMP signaling. We demonstrated that BMP2 stimulated resorption in mature osteoclasts whereas treatment with dorsomorphin blocks osteoclast resorption. These results indicate that the BMP canonical signaling pathway is important for osteoclast differentiation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tasca
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Melissa Stemig
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Aaron Broege
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Brandon Huang
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Julia Davydova
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, KU Leuven Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Lieve Umans
- Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Eric D Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Raj Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Kim C Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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32
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The Modulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Osteoclastogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:1908365. [PMID: 26823668 PMCID: PMC4707367 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1908365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on bone formation has been extensively demonstrated through several in vitro and in vivo studies. However, few studies addressed the effect of MSCs on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Under physiological conditions, MSCs support osteoclastogenesis through producing the main osteoclastogenic cytokines, RANKL and M-CSF. However, during inflammation, MSCs suppress osteoclast formation and activity, partly via secretion of the key anti-osteoclastogenic factor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). In vitro, co-culture of MSCs with osteoclasts in the presence of high concentrations of osteoclast-inducing factors might reflect the in vivo inflammatory pathology and prompt MSCs to exert an osteoclastogenic suppressive effect. MSCs thus seem to have a dual effect, by stimulating or inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, depending on the inflammatory milieu. This effect of MSCs on osteoclast formation seems to mirror the effect of MSCs on other immune cells, and may be exploited for the therapeutic potential of MSCs in bone loss associated inflammatory diseases.
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33
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Yoshida M, Ishida Y, Adachi K, Murase H, Nakagawa H, Doi T. Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Destruxin E Analogues. Chemistry 2015; 21:18417-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Zhou Y, Deng HW, Shen H. Circulating monocytes: an appropriate model for bone-related study. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2561-72. [PMID: 26194495 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) are an important source of precursors of osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells and the cytokines produced by PBMs that have profound effects on osteoclast differentiation, activation, and apoptosis. So PBMs represent a highly valuable and unique working cell model for bone-related study. Finding an appropriate working cell model for clinical and (epi-)genomic studies of human skeletal disorders is a challenge. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) can give rise to osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells. Particularly, PBMs provide the sole source of osteoclast precursors for adult peripheral skeleton where the bone marrow is normally hematopoietically inactive. PBMs can secrete potent pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are important for osteoclast differentiation, activation, and apoptosis. Reduced production of PBM cytokines represents a major mechanism for the inhibitory effects of sex hormones on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Abnormalities in PBMs have been linked to various skeletal disorders/traits, strongly supporting for the biological relevance of PBMs with bone metabolism and disorders. Here, we briefly review the origin and further differentiation of PBMs. In particular, we discuss the close relationship between PBMs and osteoclasts, and highlight the utility of PBMs in study the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying various skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - H-W Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - H Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 2001, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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35
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Schira J, Schulte M, Döbele C, Wallner C, Abraham S, Daigeler A, Kneser U, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Human scaphoid non-unions exhibit increased osteoclast activity compared to adjacent cancellous bone. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2842-50. [PMID: 26416438 PMCID: PMC4687713 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaphoid bones have a high prevalence for non-union. Even with adequate treatment, bone regeneration may not occur in certain instances. Although this condition is well described, the molecular pathology of scaphoid non-unions is still poorly defined. In this study, gene expression of osteogenic and angiogenic growth and transcription factors as well as inflammatory mediators were analysed in human scaphoid non-unions and intraindividually compared to adjacent autologous cancellous bone from the distal radius. In addition, histology and immunohistochemical stainings were performed to verify qRT-PCR data. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of RANKL, ALP, CYCLIN D1, MMP-13, OPG, NFATc1, TGF-β and WNT5A in scaphoid non-unions. Interestingly, RANKL and NFATc1, both markers for osteoclastogenesis, were significantly induced in non-unions. Moreover, WNT5A was highly up-regulated in all non-union samples. TRAP staining confirmed the observation of induced osteoclastogenesis in non-unions. With respect to genes related to osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase was significantly up-regulated in scaphoid non-unions. No differences were detectable for other osteogenic genes such as RUNX-2 or BMP-2. Importantly, we did not detect differences in angiogenesis between scaphoid non-unions and controls in both gene expression and immunohistochemistry. Summarized, our data indicate increased osteoclast activity in scaphoid non-unions possibly as a result of the alterations in RANKL, TGF-β and WNT5A expression levels. These data increase our understanding for the reduced bone regeneration capacity present in scaphoid non-unions and may translate into the identification of new therapeutic targets to avoid secondary damages and prevent occurrence of non-unions to scaphoid bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schira
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulte
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Carmen Döbele
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Abraham
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrien Daigeler
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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36
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Caballé-Serrano J, Schuldt Filho G, Bosshardt DD, Gargallo-Albiol J, Buser D, Gruber R. Conditioned medium from fresh and demineralized bone enhances osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow cultures. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 27:226-32. [PMID: 25754222 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoclasts rapidly form on the surface of bone chips at augmentation sites. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is unclear. Soluble factors released from bone chips in vitro have a robust impact on mesenchymal cell differentiation. Whether these soluble factors change the differentiation of hematopoietic cells into osteoclasts remains unknown. METHODS Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, was studied with murine bone marrow cultures exposed to RANKL and M-CSF, and conditioned medium from fresh (BCM) and demineralized bone matrix (DCM). Histochemical staining, gene and protein expression, as well as viability assays were performed. RESULTS This study shows that BCM had no impact on osteoclastogenesis. However, when BCM was heated to 85°C (BCMh), the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells that developed in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF approximately doubled. In line with the histochemical observations, there was a trend that BCMh increased expression of osteoclast marker genes, in particular the transcription factor c-fos. The expression of c-fos was significantly reduced by the TGF-β receptor I antagonist SB431542. DCM significantly stimulated osteoclastogenesis, independent of thermal processing. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that activated BCM by heat and DBM are able to stimulate osteoclastogenesis in vitro. These in vitro results support the notion that the resorption of autografts may be supported by as yet less defined paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Caballé-Serrano
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guenther Schuldt Filho
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianopolis, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gargallo-Albiol
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Transforming growth factor-β synthesized by stromal cells and cancer cells participates in bone resorption induced by oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:777-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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De Vries TJ, Schoenmaker T, Aerts D, Grevers LC, Souza PPC, Nazmi K, van de Wiel M, Ylstra B, Lent PLV, Leenen PJM, Everts V. M-CSF priming of osteoclast precursors can cause osteoclastogenesis-insensitivity, which can be prevented and overcome on bone. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:210-25. [PMID: 24962140 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts and macrophages share progenitors that must receive decisive lineage signals driving them into their respective differentiation routes. Macrophage colony stimulation factor M-CSF is a common factor; bone is likely the stimulus for osteoclast differentiation. To elucidate the effect of both, shared mouse bone marrow precursor myeloid blast was pre-cultured with M-CSF on plastic and on bone. M-CSF priming prior to stimulation with M-CSF and osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL resulted in a complete loss of osteoclastogenic potential without bone. Such M-CSF primed cells expressed the receptor RANK, but lacked the crucial osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1. This coincided with a steeply decreased expression of osteoclast genes TRACP and DC-STAMP, but an increased expression of the macrophage markers F4/80 and CD11b. Compellingly, M-CSF priming on bone accelerated the osteoclastogenic potential: M-CSF primed cells that had received only one day M-CSF and RANKL and were grown on bone already expressed an array of genes that are associated with osteoclast differentiation and these cells differentiated into osteoclasts within 2 days. Osteoclastogenesis-insensitive precursors grown in the absence of bone regained their osteoclastogenic potential when transferred to bone. This implies that adhesion to bone dictates the fate of osteoclast precursors. Common macrophage-osteoclast precursors may become insensitive to differentiate into osteoclasts and regain osteoclastogenesis when bound to bone or when in the vicinity of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J De Vries
- Department of Periodontology, University of Amsterdam VU University, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam VU University, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li N, Lee WYW, Lin SE, Ni M, Zhang T, Huang XR, Lan HY, Li G. Partial loss of Smad7 function impairs bone remodeling, osteogenesis and enhances osteoclastogenesis in mice. Bone 2014; 67:46-55. [PMID: 24998669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Smad7 is well demonstrated as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Its alteration in expression often results in diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. However, the exact role of Smad7 in regulating bone remodeling during mammalian development has not been properly delineated. In this study we performed experiments to clarify the involvement of Smad7 in regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis both invivo and invitro. Genetically engineered Smad7(ΔE1) (KO) mice were used, whereby partial functional of Smad7 is lost by deleting exon I of the Smad7 gene and the truncated proteins cause a hypomorphic allele. Analysis with μCT imagery and bone histomorphometry showed that the KO mice had lower TbN, TbTh, higher TbSp in the metaphysic region of the femurs at 6, 12, 24weeks from birth, as well as decreased MAR and increased osteoclast surface compared with the WT mice. In vitro BM-MSC multi-lineage differentiation evaluation showed that the KO group had reduced osteogenic potential, fewer mineralized nodules, lower ALP activity, and reduced gene expression of Col1A1, Runx2 and OCN. The adipogenic potential was elevated in the KO group with more formation of lipid droplets, and increased gene expression of Adipsin and C/EBPα. The osteoclastogenic potential of KO mice BMMs was elevate, with emergence of more osteoclasts, larger resorptive areas, and increased gene expression of TRAP and CTR. Our results indicate that partial loss of Smad7 function in mice leads to compromised bone formation and enhanced bone resorption. Thus, Smad7 is acknowledged as a novel key regulator between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Si-En Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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de Moraes M, da Rocha Neto PC, de Matos FR, Lopes MLDDS, de Azevedo PRM, Costa ADLL. Immunoexpression of transforming growth factor beta and interferon gamma in radicular and dentigerous cysts. J Endod 2014; 40:1293-7. [PMID: 25043252 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of transforming growing factor beta (TGF-β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) between radicular cysts (RCs) and dentigerous cysts (DCs). METHODS Twenty RCs and DCs were selected for analysis of the immunoexpression of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the epithelium and capsule. RESULTS The cell reactivity of TGF-β and IFN-γ in the lining epithelium and capsule of RCs showed no significant differences when compared with DCs (P > .05). There was a tendency of a higher expression of TGF-β in the capsule of DCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the presence of TGF-β and IFN-γ in RCs and DCs, supporting the hypothesis that both participate in the development of these lesions, where IFN-γ usually plays a role in bone resorption, which is counterbalanced by the osteoprotective activity performed by TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara de Moraes
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Carlos da Rocha Neto
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues de Matos
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio de Lisboa Lopes Costa
- Postgraduate Program, Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Grafe I, Yang T, Alexander S, Homan E, Lietman C, Jiang MM, Bertin T, Munivez E, Chen Y, Dawson B, Ishikawa Y, Weis MA, Sampath TK, Ambrose C, Eyre D, Bächinger HP, Lee B. Excessive transforming growth factor-β signaling is a common mechanism in osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Med 2014; 20:670-5. [PMID: 24793237 PMCID: PMC4048326 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder, in both a dominant and recessive manner, of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones, fractures and extraskeletal manifestations. How structural mutations of type I collagen (dominant OI) or of its post-translational modification machinery (recessive OI) can cause abnormal quality and quantity of bone is poorly understood. Notably, the clinical overlap between dominant and recessive forms of OI suggests common molecular pathomechanisms. Here, we show that excessive transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is a mechanism of OI in both recessive (Crtap(-/-)) and dominant (Col1a2(tm1.1Mcbr)) OI mouse models. In the skeleton, we find higher expression of TGF-β target genes, higher ratio of phosphorylated Smad2 to total Smad2 protein and higher in vivo Smad2 reporter activity. Moreover, the type I collagen of Crtap(-/-) mice shows reduced binding to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin, a known regulator of TGF-β activity. Anti-TGF-β treatment using the neutralizing antibody 1D11 corrects the bone phenotype in both forms of OI and improves the lung abnormalities in Crtap(-/-) mice. Hence, altered TGF-β matrix-cell signaling is a primary mechanism in the pathogenesis of OI and could be a promising target for the treatment of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erica Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Catherine Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sun SX, Guo HH, Zhang J, Yu B, Sun KN, Jin QH. BMP-2 and titanium particles synergistically activate osteoclast formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:461-9. [PMID: 24820069 PMCID: PMC4086172 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A previous study showed that BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) and wear debris can
separately support osteoclast formation induced by the receptor activator of NF-κB
ligand (RANKL). However, the effect of BMP-2 on wear debris-induced osteoclast
formation is unclear. In this study, we show that neither titanium particles nor
BMP-2 can induce osteoclast formation in RAW 264.7 mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage
cells but that BMP-2 synergizes with titanium particles to enhance osteoclast
formation in the presence of RANKL, and that at a low concentration, BMP-2 has an
optimal effect to stimulate the size and number of multinuclear osteoclasts,
expression of osteoclast genes, and resorption area. Our data also clarify that the
effects caused by the increase in BMP-2 on phosphorylated SMAD levels such as c-Fos
expression increased throughout the early stages of osteoclastogenesis. BMP-2 and
titanium particles stimulate the expression of p-JNK, p-P38, p-IkB, and P50 compared
with the titanium group. These data suggested that BMP-2 may be a crucial factor in
titanium particle-mediated osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - H H Guo
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - B Yu
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - K N Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Q H Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Takano T, Li YJ, Kukita A, Yamaza T, Ayukawa Y, Moriyama K, Uehara N, Nomiyama H, Koyano K, Kukita T. Mesenchymal stem cells markedly suppress inflammatory bone destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. J Transl Med 2014; 94:286-96. [PMID: 24395111 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Recently, it was shown that MSCs also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. In this report, we investigated the regulatory function of MSCs in the development of inflammatory bone destruction in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA rats). MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow tissues, expanded in the presence of basic FGF, and intraperitoneally injected into AA rats. MSC administration significantly suppressed inflammatory parameters: swelling score, swelling width, and thickness of hind paw. Radiographic evaluation indicated that MSC significantly suppressed bone destruction. Histological analysis showed that administration of MSCs markedly suppressed osteoclastogenesis in AA rats. To further delineate their effects on osteoclastogenesis, MSCs were added to in vitro bone marrow cultures undergoing osteoclastogenesis. MSCs significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis in this system. Chemokine receptor expression in MSCs was assessed by RT-PCR, and a chemotactic assay was performed using a transwell culture system. MSCs showed significant chemotaxis to MIP-1α (CCL3) and SDF-1α (CXCL12), chemokines preferentially expressed in the area of inflammatory bone destruction. Furthermore, MSCs expressed IL-10 and osteoprotegerin, cytokines that suppress osteoclastogenesis. These data suggest that recruitment of MSC to the area of bone destruction in AA rats could suppress inflammatory bone destruction and raise the possibility that MSCs may have potential for the treatment of inflammatory bone destruction in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Takano
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [2] Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yin-Ji Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norihisa Uehara
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Nomiyama
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bhadada SK, Sridhar S, Steenackers E, Dhiman V, Mortier G, Bhansali A, Van Hul W. Camurati-Engelmann disease (progressive diaphyseal dysplasia): reports of an Indian kindred. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:240-7. [PMID: 24154985 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED, OMIM 131300), or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia, caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) gene. We describe the first Indian CED family with genetic confirmation and presenting manifestations. The proband is a 17-year-old woman who presented with lower limb pain and proximal muscle weakness. Skeletal radiographs of the long bones revealed cortical, periosteal, and endosteal thickenings, predominantly affecting the diaphyses of the long bones. On detailed evaluation, there was a strong family history of bone disorder with similar symptoms of pain and radiological findings in several family members. Exon sequencing of the TGFβ1 gene was performed in available family members. Based on clinical and radiographic studies and its familial nature, a diagnosis of CED was made and confirmed by mutation analysis. A heterozygous G to A transition in exon 4 of the TGFβ1 gene (R218H) was detected in 5 out of 10 available family members, including 4 affecteds and 1 asymptomatic individual. Many of our affected individuals responded to glucocorticoids and cortical windowing. CED is a rare genetic disease with variable clinical manifestations and incomplete penetrance. CED needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific limb pain and waddling gait in all young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India,
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Scheiner S, Pivonka P, Smith DW, Dunstan CR, Hellmich C. Mathematical modeling of postmenopausal osteoporosis and its treatment by the anti-catabolic drug denosumab. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 30:1-27. [PMID: 24039120 PMCID: PMC4291103 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, has been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The therapeutic effect of denosumab rests on its ability to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Here, we present a computational approach on the basis of coupling a pharmacokinetics model of denosumab with a pharmacodynamics model for quantifying the effect of denosumab on bone remodeling. The pharmacodynamics model comprises an integrated systems biology-continuum micromechanics approach, including a bone cell population model, considering the governing biochemical factors of bone remodeling (including the action of denosumab), and a multiscale micromechanics-based bone mechanics model, for implementing the mechanobiology of bone remodeling in our model. Numerical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis show that denosumab suppresses osteoclast differentiation, thus strongly curtailing bone resorption. Simulation results also suggest that denosumab may trigger a short-term bone volume gain, which is, however, followed by constant or decreasing bone volume. This evolution is accompanied by a dramatic decrease of the bone turnover rate by more than one order of magnitude. The latter proposes dominant occurrence of secondary mineralization (which is not anymore impeded through cellular activity), leading to higher mineral concentration per bone volume. This explains the overall higher bone mineral density observed in denosumab-related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scheiner
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
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46
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Chen C, Liang MK, Zhang H, Peng YQ, Wu XP, Wu XY, Liao EY. Relationships between age-related biochemical markers of bone turnover and OPG, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in native Chinese women. Endocr Res 2014; 39:105-14. [PMID: 24152296 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.840654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β2 are cytokines closely associated with bone metabolism. However, their association with bone turnover markers in native Chinese women remains unknown. The study aims to investigate the relationship between bone metabolism related cytokines including OPG, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and bone turnover markers in native Chinese women. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 691 healthy Chinese women (20-80 years old). Levels of OPG, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (sNTX), cross-linked C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (sCTX), urinary NTX (uNTX), urinary CTX (uCTX) and total urinary deoxypyridinoline (uDPD) were determined. The present study showed that OPG and TGF-β2 had positive correlation with BAP, OC, uNTX, uCTX and uDPD, while TGF-β1 showed negative correlation with BAP, OC, sCTX, uNTX and uCTX, and most of the coefficients of partial correlation remained significant after adjustments for age and body mass index (BMI). Multiple linear regression stepwise analysis showed that OPG and TGF-β2 were positive determinative factors for BAP, sCTX, uNTX and uCTX, which could explain 0.6-16.6% of the variation in these markers. TGF-β1 was a negative determinative factor for BAP, OC, sCTX and uCTX, which could explain 0.7-7.3% of the variation in these markers. This study suggested that measuring bone turnover indicators and serum cytokines simultaneously might help evaluating changes in bone turnover rate caused by aging or menopause in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , PR China
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47
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Sriarj W, Aoki K, Ohya K, Takahashi M, Takagi Y, Shimokawa H. TGF-β in dentin matrix extract induces osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Odontology 2013; 103:9-18. [PMID: 24366403 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that the extracellular matrix from dentin affects osteoclastic activity in co-culture between osteoclast and osteoblast-rich fraction from mouse marrow cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of dentin matrix extract-induced osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Dentin proteins were extracted from bovine incisor root dentin using 0.6 M HCl. BMMs were cultured in α-MEM containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in the presence or absence of dentin matrix extract. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell number, total TRAP activity, and the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes, assayed by real-time RT-PCR, were determined as markers of osteoclastogenesis. A neutralizing antibody against transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), SB431542, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, and ELISA were used to determine the role of TGF-β1. We observed increases in TRAP-positive cell number, TRAP activity, and the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes of BMMs cultured with dentin extract. The use of a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β1 or SB431542 inhibited the inductive effect of dentin extract, suggesting TGF-β1 involvement. The addition of exogenous TGF-β1, but not bone morphogenic protein-2, also increased osteoclastogenesis, corresponding to the ELISA determination of TGF-β1 in the dentin extract. In conclusion, our results indicate that proteins from dentin matrix have an inductive effect in osteoclastogenesis, which is mediated, in part, by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannakorn Sriarj
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand,
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48
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Shen CL, Chyu MC, Wang JS. Tea and bone health: steps forward in translational nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1694S-1699S. [PMID: 24172296 PMCID: PMC3831545 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the aging population worldwide. Cross-sectional and retrospective evidence indicates that tea consumption may be a promising approach in mitigating bone loss and in reducing risk of osteoporotic fractures among older adults. Tea polyphenols enhance osteoblastogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Animal studies reveal that intake of tea polyphenols have pronounced positive effects on bone as shown by higher bone mass and trabecular bone volume, number, and thickness and lower trabecular separation via increasing bone formation and inhibition of bone resorption, resulting in greater bone strength. These osteoprotective effects appear to be mediated through antioxidant or antiinflammatory pathways along with their downstream signaling mechanisms. A short-term clinical trial of green tea polyphenols has translated the findings from ovariectomized animals to postmenopausal osteopenic women through evaluation of bioavailability, safety, bone turnover markers, muscle strength, and quality of life. For future studies, preclinical animal studies to optimize the dose of tea polyphenols for maximum osteoprotective efficacy and a follow-up short-term dose-response trial in postmenopausal osteopenic women are necessary to inform the design of randomized controlled studies in at-risk populations. Advanced imaging technology should also contribute to determining the effective dose of tea polyphenols in achieving better bone mass, microarchitecture integrity, and bone strength, which are critical steps for translating the putative benefit of tea consumption in osteoporosis management into clinical practice and dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology (C-LS and M-CC) and the Laura W Bush Institute for Women's Health (C-LS), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX; the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Graduate Healthcare Engineering Option, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX (M-CC); and the Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (J-SW)
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49
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Ota K, Quint P, Weivoda MM, Ruan M, Pederson L, Westendorf JJ, Khosla S, Oursler MJ. Transforming growth factor beta 1 induces CXCL16 and leukemia inhibitory factor expression in osteoclasts to modulate migration of osteoblast progenitors. Bone 2013; 57:68-75. [PMID: 23891907 PMCID: PMC3845829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes of bone resorption and bone formation are tightly coupled in young adults, which is crucial to maintenance of bone integrity. We have documented that osteoclasts secrete chemotactic agents to recruit osteoblast lineage cells, contributing to coupling. Bone formation subsequent to bone resorption becomes uncoupled with aging, resulting in significant bone loss. During bone resorption, osteoclasts release and activate transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) from the bone matrix; thus, elevated bone resorption increases the level of active TGF-β in the local environment during aging. In this study, we examined the influences of TGF-β1 on the ability of osteoclasts to recruit osteoblasts. TGF-β1 increased osteoclast expression of the chemokine CXCL16 to promote osteoblast migration. TGF-β1 also directly stimulated osteoblast migration; however, this direct response was blocked by conditioned medium from TGF-β1-treated osteoclasts due to the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the medium. CXCL16 and LIF expression was dependent on TGF-β1 activation of Smad2 and Smad3. These results establish that TGF-β1 induces CXCL16 and LIF production in osteoclasts, which modulate recruitment of osteoblasts to restore the bone lost during the resorptive phase of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Ota
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Patrick Quint
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Megan M. Weivoda
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Ming Ruan
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Larry Pederson
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Jennifer J. Westendorf
- Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Endocrine Research Unit and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Corresponding author: Merry Jo Oursler, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. 507-285-0712, Fax # 507-293-3853.
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Ota K, Quint P, Ruan M, Pederson L, Westendorf JJ, Khosla S, Oursler MJ. TGF-β induces Wnt10b in osteoclasts from female mice to enhance coupling to osteoblasts. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3745-52. [PMID: 23861379 PMCID: PMC3776874 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In young adults, bone lost through osteoclast-mediated resorption is precisely replaced in both location and amount. Understanding how these two processes are coupled is crucial to advancing treatments for osteoporosis, a disease that progresses when the processes become uncoupled. We documented that osteoclasts secrete the mammalian integration 1 gene that is the homolog of Drosophila Wngless (Wnt) 10b, bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), and the chemokine sphingosin 1 phosphate (S1P) to promote mesenchymal cell mineralization in vitro. During bone resorption, TGF-β1 is released from the bone extracellular matrix and activated by osteoclasts. Thus, TGF-β1 levels are elevated during the resorption phase of bone turnover. We therefore investigated the influences of TGF-β1 on osteoclast-mediated support of mineralization. TGF-β1 increased osteoclast production of Wnt10b, but not BMP6 or S1P. Blocking Wnt10b activity with the Wnt signaling inhibitor Dickkoph-related protein 1 suppressed the ability of TGF-β-treated osteoclast-conditioned media to promote osteoblast mineralization. Examination of TGF-β signaling in osteoclasts revealed that induction of Wnt10b expression was dependent on Smad2/3 activation and independent from TGF-β1 stimulation of protein kinase B (AKT) or MAPK kinase. TGF-β1-treated osteoclast-conditioned media from cells with blocked Smad signaling exhibited a reduced ability to support mineralization, demonstrating the importance of Smad signaling in this response. Parallel cultures with suppressed TGF-β activation of AKT or MAPK kinase signaling retained their ability to elevate mineralization. These results demonstrate that TGF-β1 stimulates Wnt10b production in osteoclasts, which may enhance restoration of the bone lost during the resorptive phase of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Ota
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
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