1
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Handy J, Macintosh GC, Jenny A. Ups and downs of lysosomal pH: conflicting roles of LAMP proteins? Autophagy 2024; 20:437-440. [PMID: 37960894 PMCID: PMC10813643 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2274253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The acidic pH of lysosomes is critical for catabolism in eukaryotic cells and is altered in neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer and Parkinson. Recent reports using Drosophila and mammalian cell culture systems have identified novel and, at first sight, conflicting roles for the lysosomal associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) in the regulation of the endolysosomal system.Abbreviation: AD: Alzheimer disease; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LTR: LysoTracker; PD: Parkinson disease; TMEM175: transmembrane protein 175; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Handy
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo C. Macintosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Oyakawa S, Yamaguchi Y, Kadowaki T, Sakai E, Noguromi M, Tanimoto A, Ono Y, Murata H, Tsukuba T. Rab44 deficiency accelerates recovery from muscle damage by regulating mTORC1 signaling and transport of fusogenic regulators. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2253-2266. [PMID: 37565627 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a tissue that shows remarkable plasticity to adapt to various stimuli. The development and regeneration of skeletal muscles are regulated by numerous molecules. Among these, we focused on Rab44, a large Rab GTPase, that has been recently identified in immune cells and osteoclasts. Recently, bioinformatics data has revealed that Rab44 is upregulated during the myogenic differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes in C2C12 cells. Thus, Rab44 may be involved in myogenesis. Here, we have investigated the effects of Rab44 deficiency on the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle in Rab44 knockout (KO) mice. Although KO mice exhibited body and muscle weights similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice, the histochemical analysis showed that the myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of KO mice was significantly smaller than that of WT mice. Importantly, the results of muscle regeneration experiments using cardiotoxin revealed that the CSA of KO mice was significantly larger than that of WT mice, suggesting that Rab44 deficiency promotes muscle regeneration. Consistent with the in vivo results, in vitro experiments indicated that satellite cells derived from KO mice displayed enhanced proliferation and differentiation. Mechanistically, KO satellite cells exhibited an increased mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling compared to WT cells. Additionally, enhanced cell surface transport of myomaker and myomixer, which are essential membrane proteins for myoblast fusion, was observed in KO satellite cells compared to WT cells. Therefore, Rab44 deficiency enhances muscle regeneration by modulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway and transport of fusogenic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Oyakawa
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Department of Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayuko Noguromi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Frontier Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayuko Tanimoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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3
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Wang Y, Bai M, Zhang P, Peng Y, Chen Z, He Z, Xu J, Zhu Y, Yan D, Wang R, Zhang Z. Identification and functional analysis of a novel de novo missense mutation located in the initiation codon of LAMP2 associated with early onset female Danon disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2216. [PMID: 37288668 PMCID: PMC10496070 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danon disease is characterized by the failure of lysosomal biogenesis, maturation, and function due to a deficiency of lysosomal membrane structural protein (LAMP2). METHODS The current report describes a female patient with a sudden syncope and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype. We identified the pathogenic mutations in patients by whole-exon sequencing, followed by a series of molecular biology and genetic approaches to identify and functional analysis of the mutations. RESULTS Suggestive findings by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), electrocardiogram (ECG), and laboratory examination suggested Danon disease which was confirmed by genetic testing. The patient carried a novel de novo mutation, LAMP2 c.2T>C located at the initiation codon. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes from the patients revealed evidence of LAMP2 haploinsufficiency. Labeling of the new initiation codon predicted by the software with green fluorescent protein followed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting showed that the first ATG downstream from the original initiation codon became the new translational initiation codon. The three-dimensional structure of the mutated protein predicted by alphafold2 revealed that it consisted of only six amino acids and failed to form a functional polypeptide or protein. Overexpression of the mutated LAMP2 c.2T>C showed a loss of function of the protein, as assessed by the dual-fluorescence autophagy indicator system. The mutation was confirmed to be null, AR experiments and sequencing results confirmed that 28% of the mutant X chromosome remained active. CONCLUSION We propose possible mechanisms of mutations associated with haploinsufficiency of LAMP2: (1) The inactivation X chromosome carrying the mutation was not significantly skewed. However, it decreased in the mRNA level and the expression ratio of the mutant transcripts; (2) The identified mutation is null, and the active mutant transcript fails to translate into the normal LAMP2 proteins. The presence of haploinsufficiency in LAMP2 and the X chromosome inactivation pattern were crucial factors contributing to the early onset of Danon disease in this female patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Wang
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Ming Bai
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Piyi Zhang
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Yu Peng
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Zixian Chen
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Zhiyu He
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Jin Xu
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Youqi Zhu
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Runqing Wang
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Heart CenterThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
- Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
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4
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Kleefeld F, Hentschel A, von Moers A, Hahn K, Horvath R, Goebel HH, Preusse C, Schallner J, Schuelke M, Roos A, Stenzel W. Beyond vacuolar pathology: Multiomic profiling of Danon disease reveals dysfunctional mitochondrial homeostasis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12920. [PMID: 37328427 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kleefeld
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arpad von Moers
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Hahn
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Schallner
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neuropediatrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Guo Y, Zeng Q, Brooks D, Geisbrecht ER. A conserved STRIPAK complex is required for autophagy in muscle tissue. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar91. [PMID: 37379167 PMCID: PMC10398890 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is important for cellular homeostasis and to prevent the abnormal accumulation of proteins. While many proteins that comprise the canonical autophagy pathway have been characterized, the identification of new regulators may help understand tissue and/or stress-specific responses. Using an in-silico approach, we identified Striatin interacting protein (Strip), MOB kinase activator 4, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 oncogene partner 2 as conserved mediators of muscle tissue maintenance. We performed affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) experiments with Drosophila melanogaster Strip as a bait protein and copurified additional Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex members from larval muscle tissue. NUAK family kinase 1 (NUAK) and Starvin (Stv) also emerged as Strip-binding proteins and these physical interactions were verified in vivo using proximity ligation assays. To understand the functional significance of the STRIPAK-NUAK-Stv complex, we employed a sensitized genetic assay combined with RNA interference (RNAi) to demonstrate that both NUAK and stv function in the same biological process with genes that encode for STRIPAK complex proteins. RNAi-directed knockdown of Strip in muscle tissue led to the accumulation of ubiquitinated cargo, p62, and Autophagy-related 8a, consistent with a block in autophagy. Indeed, autophagic flux was decreased in Strip RNAi muscles, while lysosome biogenesis and activity were unaffected. Our results support a model whereby the STRIPAK-NUAK-Stv complex coordinately regulates autophagy in muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Qiling Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - David Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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6
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Rahmani Z, Surabhi S, Rojo-Cortés F, Dulac A, Jenny A, Birman S. Lamp1 Deficiency Enhances Sensitivity to α-Synuclein and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila Models of Parkinson Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13078. [PMID: 36361864 PMCID: PMC9657416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition affecting people predominantly at old age that is characterized by a progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and by the accumulation of α-synuclein-containing intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Defects in cellular degradation processes such as the autophagy-lysosomal pathway are suspected to be involved in PD progression. The mammalian Lysosomal-associated membrane proteins LAMP1 and LAMP2 are transmembrane glycoproteins localized in lysosomes and late endosomes that are involved in autophagosome/lysosome maturation and function. Here, we show that the lack of Drosophila Lamp1, the homolog of LAMP1 and LAMP2, severely increased fly susceptibility to paraquat, a pro-oxidant compound known as a potential PD inducer in humans. Moreover, the loss of Lamp1 also exacerbated the progressive locomotor defects induced by the expression of PD-associated mutant α-synuclein A30P (α-synA30P) in dopaminergic neurons. Remarkably, the ubiquitous re-expression of Lamp1 in a mutant context fully suppressed all these defects and conferred significant resistance towards both PD factors above that of wild-type flies. Immunostaining analysis showed that the brain levels of α-synA30P were unexpectedly decreased in young adult Lamp1-deficient flies expressing this protein in comparison to non-mutant controls. This suggests that Lamp1 could neutralize α-synuclein toxicity by promoting the formation of non-pathogenic aggregates in neurons. Overall, our findings reveal a novel role for Drosophila Lamp1 in protecting against oxidative stress and α-synuclein neurotoxicity in PD models, thus furthering our understanding of the function of its mammalian homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Rahmani
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Satya Surabhi
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Francisca Rojo-Cortés
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amina Dulac
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Serge Birman
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Chaudhry N, Sica M, Surabhi S, Hernandez DS, Mesquita A, Selimovic A, Riaz A, Lescat L, Bai H, MacIntosh GC, Jenny A. Lamp1 mediates lipid transport, but is dispensable for autophagy in Drosophila. Autophagy 2022; 18:2443-2458. [PMID: 35266854 PMCID: PMC9542896 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2038999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system not only is an integral part of the cellular catabolic machinery that processes and recycles nutrients for synthesis of biomaterials, but also acts as signaling hub to sense and coordinate the energy state of cells with growth and differentiation. Lysosomal dysfunction adversely influences vesicular transport-dependent macromolecular degradation and thus causes serious problems for human health. In mammalian cells, loss of the lysosome associated membrane proteins LAMP1 and LAMP2 strongly affects autophagy and cholesterol trafficking. Here we show that the previously uncharacterized Drosophila Lamp1 is a bona fide ortholog of vertebrate LAMP1 and LAMP2. Surprisingly and in contrast to lamp1 lamp2 double-mutant mice, Drosophila Lamp1 is not required for viability or autophagy, suggesting that fly and vertebrate LAMP proteins acquired distinct functions, or that autophagy defects in lamp1 lamp2 mutants may have indirect causes. However, Lamp1 deficiency results in an increase in the number of acidic organelles in flies. Furthermore, we find that Lamp1 mutant larvae have defects in lipid metabolism as they show elevated levels of sterols and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Because DAGs are the main lipid species used for transport through the hemolymph (blood) in insects, our results indicate broader functions of Lamp1 in lipid transport. Our findings make Drosophila an ideal model to study the role of LAMP proteins in lipid assimilation without the confounding effects of their storage and without interfering with autophagic processes.Abbreviations: aa: amino acid; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; APGL: autophagolysosome; AV: autophagic vacuole (i.e. AP and APGL/AL); AVi: early/initial autophagic vacuoles; AVd: late/degradative autophagic vacuoles; Atg: autophagy-related; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; Cnx99A: Calnexin 99A; DAG: diacylglycerol; eMI: endosomal microautophagy; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; FB: fat body; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; Hrs: Hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LD: lipid droplet; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; Lpp: lipophorin; LTP: Lipid transfer particle; LTR: LysoTracker Red; MA: macroautophagy; MCC: Manders colocalization coefficient; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast MTORC: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex; PV: parasitophorous vacuole; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; Snap: Synaptosomal-associated protein; st: starved; TAG: triacylglycerol; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB/Mitf: transcription factor EB; TM: transmembrane domain; tub: tubulin; UTR: untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norin Chaudhry
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Margaux Sica
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Satya Surabhi
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Ana Mesquita
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Adem Selimovic
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ayesha Riaz
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Laury Lescat
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gustavo C. MacIntosh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
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8
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Marzoog BA, Vlasova TI. Myocardiocyte autophagy in the context of myocardiocytes regeneration: a potential novel therapeutic strategy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The regeneration strategy involves several aspects, such as reprogramming aspects, targeting pathophysiological processes, and inducing the physiological one. Autophagy targeting is a potential physiological/pathogenetic strategy to enhance myocardiocytes' function. Myocardiocytes' injury-related death remains to be the highest in our era. Unfortunately, myocardiocytes have a limited proliferation capacity to compensate for what was lost by infarction. However, partially injured myocardiocytes can be preserved by improving the autophagy process of myocardiocytes.
Main text
Autophagy induction involved controlling the cellular and subcellular environment as well as gene expression. Autophagy is well known to prolong the longevity of cell and human life. Inhibition of the mTOR receptor, proapoptotic gene Bnip3, IP3, and lysosome inhibitors, inhibition of microRNA-22 and overexpression of microRNA-99a, modulators of activated protein kinase with adenosine monophosphate, resveratrol, sirtuin activators, Longevinex and calcium lowering agents can promote physiological myocardiocyte autophagy and improve post-myocardial modulation and recovery speed. The paper aimed to assess autophagy role in myocardiocytes regeneration modulation.
Conclusions
The autophagy strategy can be applied to infarcted myocardiocytes, as well as heart failure. However, cell self-eating is not the preferred therapy for preserving injured myocardiocytes or causing regeneration.
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9
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Abu-Khudir R, Ibrahim WM, Shams ME, Salama AF. Trehalose alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Swiss albino mice by suppression of oxidative stress and autophagy. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22859. [PMID: 34328254 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, the use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). The current study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of trehalose (TRE) against DIC in a female Swiss albino mouse model. Mice were divided into five experimental groups: Gp. I: saline control group (200 μl/mouse saline three times per week for 3 weeks day after day), Gp. II: DOX-treated group (2 mg/kg body weight three times per week for 3 weeks day after day), Gp. III: TRE group (200 μg/mouse three times per week for 3 weeks day after day), Gp. IV: DOX + TRE cotreatment group (animals were coadministered with DOX and TRE as in Gp. II and III, respectively), and Gp. V: DOX + TRE posttreatment group (animals were treated with DOX as in Gp. II followed by treatment with TRE as in Gp. III). DOX-treated mice showed significant elevation in cardiac injury biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB, and cardiac troponin I), cardiac oxidative stress (OS) markers (malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase), and cardiac levels of autophagy-related protein 5. Moreover, DOX significantly reduced the levels of total antioxidant capacity and activities of catalase and glutathione S-transferase. In contrast, TRE treatment of DOX-administered mice significantly improved almost all of the above-mentioned assessed parameters. Furthermore, histopathological changes of cardiac tissues observed in mice treated with TRE in combination with DOX were significantly improved as compared to DOX-treated animals. Taken together, the present study provides evidence that TRE has cardioprotective effects against DIC, which is likely mediated via suppression of OS and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Shams
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afrah F Salama
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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10
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Wang Z, Xu H, Xiang T, Liu D, Xu F, Zhao L, Feng Y, Xu L, Liu J, Fang Y, Liu H, Li R, Hu X, Guan J, Liu L, Feng G, Shen Q, Xu H, Frishman D, Tang W, Guo J, Rao J, Shang W. An accessible insight into genetic findings for transplantation recipients with suspected genetic kidney disease. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:57. [PMID: 34215756 PMCID: PMC8253729 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the etiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) constitutes a great challenge in the context of renal transplantation. Evidence is lacking on the genetic findings for adult renal transplant recipients through exome sequencing (ES). Adult patients on kidney transplant waitlist were recruited from 2017 to 2019. Trio-ES was conducted for the families who had multiple affected individuals with nephropathy or clinical suspicion of a genetic kidney disease owing to early onset or extrarenal features. Pathogenic variants were confirmed in 62 from 115 families post sequencing for 421 individuals including 195 health family members as potential living donors. Seventeen distinct genetic disorders were identified confirming the priori diagnosis in 33 (28.7%) families, modified or reclassified the clinical diagnosis in 27 (23.5%) families, and established a diagnosis in two families with ESRD of unknown etiology. In 14.8% of the families, we detected promising variants of uncertain significance in candidate genes associated with renal development or renal disease. Furthermore, we reported the secondary findings of oncogenes in 4.4% of the patients and known single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pharmacokinetics in our cohort to predict the drug levels of tacrolimus and mycophenolate. The diagnostic utility of the genetic findings has provided new clinical insight in most families that help with preplanned renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianchao Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhua Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixiang Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yonghua Feng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanfei Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyuan Guan
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiwen Feng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiancheng Guo
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjun Shang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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11
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Manso AM, Hashem SI, Nelson BC, Gault E, Soto-Hermida A, Villarruel E, Brambatti M, Bogomolovas J, Bushway PJ, Chen C, Battiprolu P, Keravala A, Schwartz JD, Shah G, Gu Y, Dalton ND, Hammond K, Peterson K, Saftig P, Adler ED. Systemic AAV9.LAMP2B injection reverses metabolic and physiologic multiorgan dysfunction in a murine model of Danon disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/535/eaax1744. [PMID: 32188720 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Danon disease (DD) is a rare X-linked autophagic vacuolar myopathy associated with multiorgan dysfunction, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and liver. There are no specific treatments, and most male patients die from advanced heart failure during the second or third decade of life. DD is caused by mutations in the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) gene, a key mediator of autophagy. LAMP2 has three isoforms: LAMP2A, LAMP2B, and LAMP2C. LAMP2B is the predominant isoform expressed in cardiomyocytes. This study evaluates the efficacy of human LAMP2B gene transfer using a recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 carrying human LAMP2B (AAV9.LAMP2B) in a Lamp2 knockout (KO) mouse, a DD model. AAV9.LAMP2B was intravenously injected into 2- and 6-month-old Lamp2 KO male mice to assess efficacy in adolescent and adult phenotypes. Lamp2 KO mice receiving AAV9.LAMP2B demonstrated dose-dependent restoration of human LAMP2B protein in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue. Impaired autophagic flux, evidenced by increased LC3-II, was abrogated by LAMP2B gene transfer in all tissues in both cohorts. Cardiac function was also improved, and transaminases were reduced in AAV9.LAMP2B-treated KO mice, indicating favorable effects on the heart and liver. Survival was also higher in the older cohort receiving high vector doses. No anti-LAMP2 antibodies were detected in mice that received AAV9.LAMP2B. In summary, LAMP2B gene transfer improves metabolic and physiologic function in a DD murine model, suggesting that a similar therapeutic approach may be effective for treating patients with this highly morbid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Manso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sherin I Hashem
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bradley C Nelson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emily Gault
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angel Soto-Hermida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elizza Villarruel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michela Brambatti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul J Bushway
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gaurav Shah
- Rocket Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY 10118, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nancy D Dalton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kirk Hammond
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kirk Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts-University, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Eric D Adler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
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12
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Xu J, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Niu F, Zheng H, Wang L, Kang L, Wang K, Xu B. Danon disease: a case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:39. [PMID: 33933120 PMCID: PMC8088694 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danon disease (DD) is a rare x-linked dominant multisystemic disorder with a clinical triad of severe cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and mental retardation. It is caused by a defect in the lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2) gene, which leads to the formation of autophagic vacuoles containing glycogen granule deposits in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers. So far, more than 50 different mutations in LAMP2 have been identified. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report an 18-year-old male patient who was hospitalized for heart failure. Biopsy of the left lateral femoral muscle revealed scattered autophagic vacuoles in the muscle fibers with increased glycogen. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect gene mutations of the proband sample and a novel frameshift mutation (c.1052delG) has been identified in exon 8 of LAMP2, which leads to truncation of the protein. CONCLUSION We found a novel frameshift mutation, a hemizygous mutation (c.1052delG) in exon 8 of LAMP2, identified as presenting the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotype. Genetic analysis is the gold standard for the diagnosis of DD and is essential to determine appropriate treatment strategies and to confirm the genetic risk of family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Fengnan Niu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China.
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P.R. China.
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13
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Martinez HR, Beasley GS, Miller N, Goldberg JF, Jefferies JL. Clinical Insights Into Heritable Cardiomyopathies. Front Genet 2021; 12:663450. [PMID: 33995492 PMCID: PMC8113776 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMs) encompass a heterogeneous group of structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium. The phenotypic characteristics of these myocardial diseases range from silent to symptomatic heart failure, to sudden cardiac death due to malignant tachycardias. These diseases represent a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity, cardiac transplantation, and death. Since the discovery of the first locus associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 30 years ago, multiple loci and molecular mechanisms have been associated with these cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Conversely, the disparity between the ever-growing landscape of cardiovascular genetics and the lack of awareness in this field noticeably demonstrates the necessity to update training curricula and educational pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of heritable CMs, including the most common pathogenic gene variants associated with the morpho-functional types of cardiomyopathies: dilated, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, non-compaction, and restrictive. Increased understanding of the genetic/phenotypic associations of these heritable diseases would facilitate risk stratification to leveraging appropriate surveillance and management, and it would additionally provide identification of family members at risk of avoidable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R. Martinez
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gary S. Beasley
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Noah Miller
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason F. Goldberg
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - John L. Jefferies
- The Cardiovascular Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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14
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Hong KN, Brambatti M, John S, Bui QM, Rigolli M, Taylor M, Adler ED. Recommendations and guidance on the diagnosis and management of Danon disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2021.1882994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Hong
- Department of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michela Brambatti
- Department of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonya John
- Department of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quan M. Bui
- Department of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marzia Rigolli
- Department of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Taylor
- CU-Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric D. Adler
- Department of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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15
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Sato M, Ohta T, Morikawa Y, Konno A, Hirai H, Kurauchi Y, Hisatsune A, Katsuki H, Seki T. Ataxic phenotype and neurodegeneration are triggered by the impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy in cerebellar neurons. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:198-209. [PMID: 32722888 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a pathway involved in the autophagy lysosome protein degradation system. CMA has attracted attention as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative diseases since it participates in the degradation of disease-causing proteins. We previously showed that CMA is generally impaired in cells expressing the proteins causing spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Therefore, we investigated the effect of CMA impairment on motor function and the neural survival of cerebellar neurons using the micro RNA (miRNA)-mediated knockdown of lysosome-associated protein 2A (LAMP2A), a CMA-related protein. METHODS We injected adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors, which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and miRNA (negative control miRNA or LAMP2A miRNA) under neuron-specific synapsin I promoter, into cerebellar parenchyma of 4-week-old ICR mice. Motor function of mice was evaluated by beam walking and footprint tests. Immunofluorescence experiments of cerebellar slices were conducted to evaluate histological changes in cerebella. RESULTS GFP and miRNA were expressed in interneurons (satellite cells and basket cells) in molecular layers and granule cells in the cerebellar cortices, but not in cerebellar Purkinje cells. LAMP2A knockdown in cerebellar neurons triggered progressive motor impairment, prominent loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, interneurons, granule cells at the late stage, and astrogliosis and microgliosis from the early stage. CONCLUSIONS CMA impairment in cerebellar interneurons and granule cells triggers the progressive ataxic phenotype, gliosis and the subsequent degeneration of cerebellar neurons, including Purkinje cells. Our present findings strongly suggest that CMA impairment is related to the pathogenesis of various SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sato
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory for Mechanistic Chemistry of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohta
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Morikawa
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Hisatsune
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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16
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Kousal B, Majer F, Vlaskova H, Dvorakova L, Piherova L, Meliska M, Langrova H, Palecek T, Kubanek M, Krebsova A, Gurka J, Stara V, Michaelides M, Kalina T, Sikora J, Liskova P. Pigmentary retinopathy can indicate the presence of pathogenic LAMP2 variants even in somatic mosaic carriers with no additional signs of Danon disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:61-68. [PMID: 32533651 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Danon disease (DD) is a rare X-linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in LAMP2. DD primarily manifests as a severe cardiomyopathy. An early diagnosis is crucial for patient survival. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of ocular examination for identification of DD. METHODS Detailed ocular examination in 10 patients with DD (3 males, 7 females) and a 45-year-old asymptomatic female somatic mosaic carrier of a LAMP2 disease-causing variant. RESULTS All patients with manifest cardiomyopathy had pigmentary retinopathy with altered autofluorescence and diffuse visual field loss. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was decreased (<0.63) in 8 (40%) out of 20 eyes. The severity of retinal pathology increased with age, resulting in marked cone-rod involvement overtime. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in younger patients revealed focal loss of photoreceptors, disruption and deposition at the retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane layer (corresponding to areas of marked increased autofluorescence), and hyperreflective foci in the outer nuclear layer. Cystoid macular oedema was seen in one eye. In the asymptomatic female with somatic mosaicism, the BCVA was 1.0 bilaterally. An abnormal autofluorescence pattern in the left eye was present; while full-field electroretinography was normal. CONCLUSIONS Detailed ocular examination may represent a sensitive and quick screening tool for the identification of carriers of LAMP2 pathogenic variants, even in somatic mosaicism. Hence, further investigation should be undertaken in all patients with pigmentary retinal dystrophy as it may be a sign of a life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Kousal
- Department of Ophthalmology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Filip Majer
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vlaskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Dvorakova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Piherova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Meliska
- Department of Ophthalmology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hana Langrova
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University and University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Palecek
- 2nd Department of Medicine ‐ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milos Kubanek
- Department of Cardiology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alice Krebsova
- Department of Cardiology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Gurka
- Department of Cardiology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Stara
- Department of Paediatrics Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Ophthalmology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
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17
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Spracklen TF, Chakafana G, Schwartz PJ, Kotta MC, Shaboodien G, Ntusi NAB, Sliwa K. Genetics of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Current Knowledge, Future Directions and Clinical Implications. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010103. [PMID: 33467574 PMCID: PMC7830587 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a condition in which heart failure and systolic dysfunction occur late in pregnancy or within months following delivery. Over the last decade, genetic advances in heritable cardiomyopathy have provided new insights into the role of genetics in PPCM. In this review, we summarise current knowledge of the genetics of PPCM and potential avenues for further research, including the role of molecular chaperone mutations in PPCM. Evidence supporting a genetic basis for PPCM has emanated from observations of familial disease, overlap with familial dilated cardiomyopathy, and sequencing studies of PPCM cohorts. Approximately 20% of PPCM patients screened for cardiomyopathy genes have an identified pathogenic mutation, with TTN truncations most commonly implicated. As a stress-associated condition, PPCM may be modulated by molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps). Recent studies have led to the identification of Hsp mutations in a PPCM model, suggesting that variation in these stress-response genes may contribute to PPCM pathogenesis. Although some Hsp genes have been implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy, their roles in PPCM remain to be determined. Additional areas of future investigation may include the delineation of genotype-phenotype correlations and the screening of newly-identified cardiomyopathy genes for their roles in PPCM. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that the construction of a family history may be advised in the management of PPCM and that genetic testing should be considered. A better understanding of the genetics of PPCM holds the potential to improve treatment, prognosis, and family management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F. Spracklen
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa & CHI, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (T.F.S.); (G.C.); (P.J.S.); (G.S.); (N.A.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Graham Chakafana
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa & CHI, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (T.F.S.); (G.C.); (P.J.S.); (G.S.); (N.A.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Schwartz
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa & CHI, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (T.F.S.); (G.C.); (P.J.S.); (G.S.); (N.A.B.N.)
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20135 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria-Christina Kotta
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20135 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gasnat Shaboodien
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa & CHI, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (T.F.S.); (G.C.); (P.J.S.); (G.S.); (N.A.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa & CHI, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (T.F.S.); (G.C.); (P.J.S.); (G.S.); (N.A.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa & CHI, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (T.F.S.); (G.C.); (P.J.S.); (G.S.); (N.A.B.N.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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18
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Monda E, Rubino M, Lioncino M, Di Fraia F, Pacileo R, Verrillo F, Cirillo A, Caiazza M, Fusco A, Esposito A, Fimiani F, Palmiero G, Pacileo G, Calabrò P, Russo MG, Limongelli G. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Children: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Non-sarcomeric Causes. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:632293. [PMID: 33718303 PMCID: PMC7947260 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.632293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy not solely explained by abnormal loading conditions. Despite its rare prevalence in pediatric age, HCM carries a relevant risk of mortality and morbidity in both infants and children. Pediatric HCM is a large heterogeneous group of disorders. Other than mutations in sarcomeric genes, which represent the most important cause of HCM in adults, childhood HCM includes a high prevalence of non-sarcomeric causes, including inherited errors of metabolism (i.e., glycogen storage diseases, lysosomal storage diseases, and fatty acid oxidation disorders), malformation syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, and mitochondrial disease, which globally represent up to 35% of children with HCM. The age of presentation and the underlying etiology significantly impact the prognosis of children with HCM. Moreover, in recent years, different targeted approaches for non-sarcomeric etiologies of HCM have emerged. Therefore, the etiological diagnosis is a fundamental step in designing specific management and therapy in these subjects. The present review aims to provide an overview of the non-sarcomeric causes of HCM in children, focusing on the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Monda
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Lioncino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Fraia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacileo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Verrillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annapaola Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Fusco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Augusto Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pacileo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College of London and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Beck M. Clinical Manifestation in Females with X-linked Metabolic Disorders: Genetic and Pathophysiological Considerations. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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20
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The Role of iPSC Modeling Toward Projection of Autophagy Pathway in Disease Pathogenesis: Leader or Follower. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:539-561. [PMID: 33245492 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for degradation of non-essential or damaged cellular constituents and damaged organelles. The autophagy pathway maintains efficient cellular metabolism and reduces cellular stress by removing additional and pathogenic components. Dysfunctional autophagy underlies several diseases. Thus, several research groups have worked toward elucidating key steps in this pathway. Autophagy can be studied by animal modeling, chemical modulators, and in vitro disease modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as a loss-of-function platform. The introduction of iPSC technology, which has the capability to maintain the genetic background, has facilitated in vitro modeling of some diseases. Furthermore, iPSC technology can be used as a platform to study defective cellular and molecular pathways during development and unravel novel steps in signaling pathways of health and disease. Different studies have used iPSC technology to explore the role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis which could not have been addressed by animal modeling or chemical inducers/inhibitors. In this review, we discuss iPSC models of autophagy-associated disorders where the disease is caused due to mutations in autophagy-related genes. We classified this group as "primary autophagy induced defects (PAID)". There are iPSC models of diseases in which the primary cause is not dysfunctional autophagy, but autophagy is impaired secondary to disease phenotypes. We call this group "secondary autophagy induced defects (SAID)" and discuss them. Graphical abstract.
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21
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Tamargo-Gómez I, Fernández ÁF, Mariño G. Pathogenic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Autophagy-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218196. [PMID: 33147747 PMCID: PMC7672651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has gained increasing importance in biomedical research, as they can either be at the molecular origin of a determined disorder or directly affect the efficiency of a given treatment. In this regard, sequence variations in genes involved in pro-survival cellular pathways are commonly associated with pathologies, as the alteration of these routes compromises cellular homeostasis. This is the case of autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved pathway that counteracts extracellular and intracellular stressors by mediating the turnover of cytosolic components through lysosomal degradation. Accordingly, autophagy dysregulation has been extensively described in a wide range of human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, or inflammatory alterations. Thus, it is not surprising that pathogenic gene variants in genes encoding crucial effectors of the autophagosome/lysosome axis are increasingly being identified. In this review, we present a comprehensive list of clinically relevant SNPs in autophagy-related genes, highlighting the scope and relevance of autophagy alterations in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Tamargo-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Álvaro F. Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.F.F.); (G.M.); Tel.: +34-985652416 (G.M.)
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.F.F.); (G.M.); Tel.: +34-985652416 (G.M.)
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22
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Danon Disease-Associated LAMP-2 Deficiency Drives Metabolic Signature Indicative of Mitochondrial Aging and Fibrosis in Cardiac Tissue and hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082457. [PMID: 32751926 PMCID: PMC7465084 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Danon disease is a severe X-linked disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2). Clinical manifestations are phenotypically diverse and consist of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, and intellectual dysfunction. Here, we investigated the metabolic landscape of Danon disease by applying a multi-omics approach and combined structural and functional readouts provided by Raman and atomic force microscopy. Using these tools, Danon patient-derived cardiac tissue, primary fibroblasts, and human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were analyzed. Metabolic profiling indicated LAMP-2 deficiency promoted a switch toward glycolysis accompanied by rerouting of tryptophan metabolism. Cardiomyocytes' energetic balance and NAD+/NADH ratio appeared to be maintained despite mitochondrial aging. In turn, metabolic adaption was accompanied by a senescence-associated signature. Similarly, Danon fibroblasts appeared more stress prone and less biomechanically compliant. Overall, shaping of both morphology and metabolism contributed to the loss of cardiac biomechanical competence that characterizes the clinical progression of Danon disease.
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23
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Gurka J, Piherova L, Majer F, Chaloupka A, Zakova D, Pelak O, Krebsova A, Peichl P, Krejci J, Freiberger T, Melenovsky V, Kautzner J, Kalina T, Sikora J, Kubanek M. Danon disease is an underdiagnosed cause of advanced heart failure in young female patients: a LAMP2 flow cytometric study. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:2534-2543. [PMID: 32657043 PMCID: PMC7524080 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Danon disease (DD) is a rare X‐linked disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal‐associated membrane protein type 2 gene (LAMP2). DD is difficult to distinguish from other causes of dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in female patients. As DD female patients regularly progress into advanced heart failure (AHF) aged 20–40 years, their early identification is critical to improve patient survival and facilitate genetic counselling. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of DD among female patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy, who reached AHF and were younger than 40 years. Methods and results The study cohort comprised 60 female patients: 47 (78%) heart transplant recipients, 2 (3%) patients treated with ventricular assist device, and 11 (18%) patients undergoing pre‐transplant assessment. Aetiology of the cardiomyopathy was known in 15 patients (including two DD patients). LAMP2 expression in peripheral white blood cells (WBC) was tested by flow cytometry (FC) in the remaining 45 female patients. Whole exome sequencing was used as an alternative independent testing method to FC. Five additional female DD patients (two with different novel LAMP2 mutations) were identified by FC. The total prevalence of DD in this cohort was 12%. HCM phenotype (57% vs. 9%, *P = 0.022) and delta waves identified by electrocardiography (43% vs. 0%, **P = 0.002) were significantly more frequent in DD female patients. Conclusions Danon disease is an underdiagnosed cause of AHF in young female patients. LAMP2 expression testing in peripheral WBCs by FC can be used as an effective screening/diagnostic tool to identify DD in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gurka
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Piherova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Majer
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Chaloupka
- 1st Internal Cardioangiologic Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Zakova
- Centre of Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, St. Annes University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Pelak
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Krebsova
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Peichl
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejci
- 1st Internal Cardioangiologic Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Freiberger
- Centre of Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, St. Annes University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sikora
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Kubanek
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Update Review about Metabolic Myopathies. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10040043. [PMID: 32316520 PMCID: PMC7235760 DOI: 10.3390/life10040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss recent findings and new insights in the etiology and phenotype of metabolic myopathies. The review relies on a systematic literature review of recent publications. Metabolic myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by mostly inherited defects of enzymatic pathways involved in muscle cell metabolism. Metabolic myopathies present with either permanent (fixed) or episodic abnormalities, such as weakness, wasting, exercise-intolerance, myalgia, or an increase of muscle breakdown products (creatine-kinase, myoglobin) during exercise. Though limb and respiratory muscles are most frequently affected, facial, extra-ocular, and axial muscles may be occasionally also involved. Age at onset and prognosis vary considerably. There are multiple disease mechanisms and the pathophysiology is complex. Genes most recently related to metabolic myopathy include PGM1, GYG1, RBCK1, VMA21, MTO1, KARS, and ISCA2. The number of metabolic myopathies is steadily increasing. There is limited evidence from the literature that could guide diagnosis and treatment of metabolic myopathies. Treatment is limited to mainly non-invasive or invasive symptomatic measures. In conclusion, the field of metabolic myopathies is evolving with the more widespread availability and application of next generation sequencing technologies worldwide. This will broaden the knowledge about pathophysiology and putative therapeutic strategies for this group of neuromuscular disorders.
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25
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Cui L, Zhao LP, Ye JY, Yang L, Huang Y, Jiang XP, Zhang Q, Jia JZ, Zhang DX, Huang Y. The Lysosomal Membrane Protein Lamp2 Alleviates Lysosomal Cell Death by Promoting Autophagic Flux in Ischemic Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:31. [PMID: 32117965 PMCID: PMC7019187 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) has recently been recognized as an important cell death pathway in various cell types. However, studies regarding the correlation between LMP and cardiomyocyte death are scarce. Lysosomal membrane-associated protein 2 (Lamp2) is an important component of lysosomal membranes and is involved in both autophagy and LMP. In the present study, we found that the protein content of Lamp2 gradually decreased in response to oxygen, glucose and serum deprivation (OGD) treatment in vitro. To further elucidate its role in ischemic cardiomyocytes, particularly with respect to autophagy and LMP, we infected cardiomyocytes with adenovirus carrying full-length Lamp2 to restore its protein level in cells. We found that OGD treatment resulted in the occurrence of LMP and a decline in the viability of cardiomyocytes, which were remarkably reversed by Lamp2 restoration. Exogenous expression of Lamp2 also significantly alleviated the autophagic flux blockade induced by OGD treatment by promoting the trafficking of cathepsin B (Cat B) and cathepsin D (Cat D). Through drug intervention and gene regulation to alleviate and exacerbate autophagic flux blockade respectively, we found that impaired autophagic flux in response to ischemic injury contributed to the occurrence of LMP in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our present data suggest that Lamp2 overexpression can improve autophagic flux blockade probably by promoting the trafficking of cathepsins and consequently conferring cardiomyocyte resistance against lysosomal cell death (LCD) that is induced by ischemic injury. These results may indicate a new therapeutic target for ischemic heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Ying Ye
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Pin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Zhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Xia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Liu X, Li C, Fu Y, Liu J. PHLPP Sensitizes Multiple Myeloma Cells to Bortezomib Through Regulating LAMP2. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:401-411. [PMID: 32021285 PMCID: PMC6969690 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s237343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of bortezomib (BTZ) improves the clinical outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, primary resistance and acquired resistance to BTZ frequently develop in patients with MM. PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) plays an important role in chemoresistance in a number of cancers. However, the role of PHLPP on MM remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of PHLPP in BTZ-resistant MM cells. Methods BrdU assays, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry analyses, and immunofluorescence assays were performed. Results PHLPP and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) levels were downregulated in BTZ-resistant MM cells compared with BTZ-sensitive MM cells, accompanied by inactivation of autophagy pathway evaluated by a reduction in Beclin1, Atg5 and LC3B and increase in p62. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that PHLPP partially re-sensitized MM cells to BTZ. In addition, PHLPP overexpression increased whereas PHLPP knockdown reduced LAMP2 expression, subsequently regulating the autophagy pathway in MM cells. Further findings demonstrated that LAMP2 knockdown reversed PHLPP-mediated cell apoptosis and autophagy activation in MM cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PHLPP is a potential strategy for overcoming BTZ resistance in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, People's Republic of China
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27
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Lee JJ, Ishihara K, Notomi S, Efstathiou NE, Ueta T, Maidana D, Chen X, Iesato Y, Caligiana A, Vavvas DG. Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 deficiency increases the risk of reactive oxygen species-induced ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:414-419. [PMID: 31672277 PMCID: PMC6935401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2), is a highly glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein involved in chaperone mediated autophagy. Mutations of LAMP2 cause the classic triad of myopathy, cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy of Danon disease (DD). Additionally, retinopathy has also been observed in young DD patients, leading to vision loss. Emerging evidence show LAMP2-deficiency to be involved in oxidative stress (ROS) but the mechanism remains obscure. In the present study, we found that tert-butyl hydroperoxide or antimycin A induced more cell death in LAMP2 knockdown (LAMP2-KD) than in control ARPE-19 cells. Mechanistically, LAMP2-KD reduced the concentration of cytosolic cysteine, resulting in low glutathione (GSH), inferior antioxidant capability and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. ROS induced RPE cell death through ferroptosis. Inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) increased lethality in LAMP2-KD cells compared to controls. Cysteine and glutamine supplementation restored GSH and prevented ROS-induced cell death of LAMP2-KD RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jer Lee
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Kenji Ishihara
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shoji Notomi
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nikolaos E Efstathiou
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Ueta
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Maidana
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Caligiana
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Farah BL, Yen PM, Koeberl DD. Links between autophagy and disorders of glycogen metabolism - Perspectives on pathogenesis and possible treatments. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 129:3-12. [PMID: 31787497 PMCID: PMC7836271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The glycogen storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders that are characterized by specific enzymatic defects involving the synthesis or degradation of glycogen. Each disorder presents with a set of symptoms that are due to the underlying enzyme deficiency and the particular tissues that are affected. Autophagy is a process by which cells degrade and recycle unneeded or damaged intracellular components such as lipids, glycogen, and damaged mitochondria. Recent studies showed that several of the glycogen storage disorders have abnormal autophagy which can disturb normal cellular metabolism and/or mitochondrial function. Here, we provide a clinical overview of the glycogen storage disorders, a brief description of autophagy, and the known links between specific glycogen storage disorders and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Farah
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dwight D Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA..
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29
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Cenacchi G, Papa V, Pegoraro V, Marozzo R, Fanin M, Angelini C. Review: Danon disease: Review of natural history and recent advances. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 46:303-322. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences “Alma Mater” University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - V. Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences “Alma Mater” University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - V. Pegoraro
- Neurobiology Laboratory IRCCS San Camillo Hospital VeniceItaly
| | - R. Marozzo
- Neurobiology Laboratory IRCCS San Camillo Hospital VeniceItaly
| | - M. Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - C. Angelini
- Neuromuscular Department IRCCS San Camillo Hospital Venice Italy
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Jalali Z, Parvaz N. Molecular evolution of autophagy rate-limiting factor LAMP2 in placental mammals. Gene 2019; 727:144231. [PMID: 31707000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is the cellular process of removal of misfolded or damaged macromolecules and organelles. Experimental studies have demonstrated autophagy as a major mechanism of lifespan extension in long-lived mammals such as bats and mole rat rodents. Moreover, the role of this biological process has been well documented in protection against age-associated diseases and viral infection. However, studies on the molecular adaptive changes of autophagy factors during evolution are scarce. Here, we conducted a bioinformatics study of the molecular evolution of the Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP2), as a rate-limiting factor in the lysosomal degradation stage of autophagy (the communal step of two of autophagy types: macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated). Analyzing LAMP2 across placental mammals, our phylogenetic-based maximum likelihood analyses indicate that the majority of the coding sites undergo purifying selection. However, around 27% of sites display a relaxation of purifying constraints (average ω = 0.42128), among which, 14 particular sites undergo positive selection (ω > 1). These sites are mostly located in the first luminal domain of LAMP2 (N-domain), with a hotspot region in the 135-144 codons interval. Therefore, the N-domain may account for the functional diversity and regulation of LAMP2. In addition, the identified positive selection sites could act as key regulatory sites in the LAMP2 function. On the other hand, testing the rate of evolution in LAMP2 along different clades of placental mammals revealed a relatively relaxed evolution in LAMP2 along megabats' clade. It is not clear yet whether an expedited evolution of LAMP2 in megabats has contributed to their reported up-regulation of autophagy. Finally, our data indicate positive selection sites along the ancestral branch of the clades of rodents, mouse-related rodents, and mole-rats; and suggest the potentially important regulatory role of these sites in LAMP2. Identifying the residues under positive selection, our findings pave the way for future experimental investigations to define how these selective substitutions have functionally affected autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that targets different types of cytoplasmic cargo (such as bulk cytoplasm, damaged cellular organelles, and misfolded protein aggregates) for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is activated in response to biological stress and also plays a critical role in the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis; the latter function is particularly important for the integrity of postmitotic, metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Through impairment of muscle homeostasis, autophagy dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many different skeletal myopathies; the observed autophagy defects differ from disease to disease but have been shown to involve all steps of the autophagic cascade (from induction to lysosomal cargo degradation) and to impair both bulk and selective autophagy. To highlight the molecular and cellular mechanisms that are shared among different myopathies with deficient autophagy, these disorders are discussed based on the nature of the underlying autophagic defect rather than etiology or clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Margeta
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
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32
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Kishnani PS, Sun B, Koeberl DD. Gene therapy for glycogen storage diseases. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R31-R41. [PMID: 31227835 PMCID: PMC6796997 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is the development of gene therapy for glycogen storage diseases (GSDs). GSD results from the deficiency of specific enzymes involved in the storage and retrieval of glucose in the body. Broadly, GSDs can be divided into types that affect liver or muscle or both tissues. For example, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency in GSD type Ia (GSD Ia) affects primarily the liver and kidney, while acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency in GSD II causes primarily muscle disease. The lack of specific therapy for the GSDs has driven efforts to develop new therapies for these conditions. Gene therapy needs to replace deficient enzymes in target tissues, which has guided the planning of gene therapy experiments. Gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has demonstrated appropriate tropism for target tissues, including the liver, heart and skeletal muscle in animal models for GSD. AAV vectors transduced liver and kidney in GSD Ia and striated muscle in GSD II mice to replace the deficient enzyme in each disease. Gene therapy has been advanced to early phase clinical trials for the replacement of G6Pase in GSD Ia and GAA in GSD II (Pompe disease). Other GSDs have been treated in proof-of-concept studies, including GSD III, IV and V. The future of gene therapy appears promising for the GSDs, promising to provide more efficacious therapy for these disorders in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Baodong Sun
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dwight D Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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33
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Khandia R, Dadar M, Munjal A, Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Iqbal HMN, Singh KP, Joshi SK, Chaicumpa W. A Comprehensive Review of Autophagy and Its Various Roles in Infectious, Non-Infectious, and Lifestyle Diseases: Current Knowledge and Prospects for Disease Prevention, Novel Drug Design, and Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070674. [PMID: 31277291 PMCID: PMC6678135 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is a conserved cellular degradation process that plays important roles in maintaining homeostasis and preventing nutritional, metabolic, and infection-mediated stresses. Autophagy dysfunction can have various pathological consequences, including tumor progression, pathogen hyper-virulence, and neurodegeneration. This review describes the mechanisms of autophagy and its associations with other cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and autosis. Autophagy has both positive and negative roles in infection, cancer, neural development, metabolism, cardiovascular health, immunity, and iron homeostasis. Genetic defects in autophagy can have pathological consequences, such as static childhood encephalopathy with neurodegeneration in adulthood, Crohn's disease, hereditary spastic paraparesis, Danon disease, X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy, and sporadic inclusion body myositis. Further studies on the process of autophagy in different microbial infections could help to design and develop novel therapeutic strategies against important pathogenic microbes. This review on the progress and prospects of autophagy research describes various activators and suppressors, which could be used to design novel intervention strategies against numerous diseases and develop therapeutic drugs to protect human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31975/148, Iran
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L., CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Olivotto I, Favilli S. Rare X-linked storage heart diseases are tougher on men but not kind to women. Int J Cardiol 2019; 286:113-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zech ATL, Singh SR, Schlossarek S, Carrier L. Autophagy in cardiomyopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118432. [PMID: 30831130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy (greek auto: self; phagein: eating) is a highly conserved process within eukaryotes that degrades long-lived proteins and organelles within lysosomes. Its accurate and constant operation in basal conditions ensures cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged cellular components and thereby acting not only as a quality control but as well as an energy supplier. An increasing body of evidence indicates a major role of autophagy in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis and function. In this review, we describe the different forms of mammalian autophagy, their regulations and monitoring with a specific emphasis on the heart. Furthermore, we address the role of autophagy in several forms of cardiomyopathy and the options for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia T L Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonia R Singh
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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LAMP2 expression dictates azacytidine response and prognosis in MDS/AML. Leukemia 2019; 33:1501-1513. [PMID: 30607021 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a highly selective form of autophagy. During CMA, the HSC70 chaperone carries target proteins endowed with a KFERQ-like motif to the lysosomal receptor LAMP2A, which then translocate them into lysosomes for degradation. In the present study, we scrutinized the mechanisms underlying the response and resistance to Azacytidine (Aza) in MDS/AML cell lines and bone marrow CD34+ blasts from MDS/AML patients. In engineered Aza-resistant MDS cell lines and some AML cell lines, we identified a profound defect in CMA linked to the absence of LAMP2A. LAMP2 deficiency was responsible for Aza resistance and hypersensitivity to lysosome and autophagy inhibitors. Accordingly, gain of function of LAMP2 in deficient cells or loss of function in LAMP2-expressing cells rendered them sensitive or resistant to Aza, respectively. A strict correlation was observed between the absence of LAMP2, resistance to Aza and sensitivity to lysosome inhibitors. Low levels of LAMP2 expression in CD34+ blasts from MDS/AML patients correlated with lack of sensitivity to Aza and were predictive of poor overall survival. We propose that CD34+/LAMP2Low patients at diagnosis or who become CD34+/LAMP2Low during the course of treatment with Aza might benefit from a lysosome inhibitor already used in the clinic.
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37
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Jou
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Unitat patología Neuromuscular, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Issa AR, Sun J, Petitgas C, Mesquita A, Dulac A, Robin M, Mollereau B, Jenny A, Chérif-Zahar B, Birman S. The lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2A promotes autophagic flux and prevents SNCA-induced Parkinson disease-like symptoms in the Drosophila brain. Autophagy 2018; 14:1898-1910. [PMID: 29989488 PMCID: PMC6152503 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1491489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway plays a fundamental role in the clearance of aggregated proteins and protection against cellular stress and neurodegenerative conditions. Alterations in autophagy processes, including macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), have been described in Parkinson disease (PD). CMA is a selective autophagic process that depends on LAMP2A (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A), a mammal and bird-specific membrane glycoprotein that translocates cytosolic proteins containing a KFERQ-like peptide motif across the lysosomal membrane. Drosophila reportedly lack CMA and use endosomal microautophagy (eMI) as an alternative selective autophagic process. Here we report that neuronal expression of human LAMP2A protected Drosophila against starvation and oxidative stress, and delayed locomotor decline in aging flies without extending their lifespan. LAMP2A also prevented the progressive locomotor and oxidative defects induced by neuronal expression of PD-associated human SNCA (synuclein alpha) with alanine-to-proline mutation at position 30 (SNCAA30P). Using KFERQ-tagged fluorescent biosensors, we observed that LAMP2A expression stimulated selective autophagy in the adult brain and not in the larval fat body, but did not increase this process under starvation conditions. Noteworthy, we found that neurally expressed LAMP2A markedly upregulated levels of Drosophila Atg5, a key macroautophagy initiation protein, and that it increased the density of Atg8a/LC3-positive puncta, which reflects the formation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, LAMP2A efficiently prevented accumulation of the autophagy defect marker Ref(2)P/p62 in the adult brain under acute oxidative stress. These results indicate that LAMP2A can potentiate autophagic flux in the Drosophila brain, leading to enhanced stress resistance and neuroprotection. ABBREVIATIONS Act5C: actin 5C; a.E.: after eclosion; Atg5: autophagy-related 5; Atg8a/LC3: autophagy-related 8a; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; DHE: dihydroethidium; elav: embryonic lethal abnormal vision; eMI: endosomal microautophagy; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; GABARAP: GABA typeA receptor-associated protein; Hsc70-4: heat shock protein cognate 4; HSPA8/Hsc70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; MDA: malondialdehyde; PA-mCherry: photoactivable mCherry; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PD: Parkinson disease; Ref(2)P/p62: refractory to sigma P; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RpL32/rp49: ribosomal protein L32; RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SING: startle-induced negative geotaxis; SNCA/α-synuclein: synuclein alpha; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; UAS: upstream activating sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Raouf Issa
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jun Sun
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Céline Petitgas
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ana Mesquita
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amina Dulac
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Robin
- ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baya Chérif-Zahar
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Serge Birman
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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40
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Dewanjee S, Das S, Das AK, Bhattacharjee N, Dihingia A, Dua TK, Kalita J, Manna P. Molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:472-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Loeffler DA, Klaver AC, Coffey MP, Aasly JO. Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of Key Autophagy Protein Lamp2 Changes Little During Normal Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:130. [PMID: 29867441 PMCID: PMC5952035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy removes both functional and damaged intracellular macromolecules from cells via lysosomal degradation. Three autophagic mechanisms, namely macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and microautophagy, have been described in mammals. Studies in experimental systems have found macroautophagy and CMA to decrease with normal aging, despite the fact that oxidative stress, which can activate both processes, increases with normal aging. Whether autophagic mechanisms decrease in the human brain during normal aging is unclear. The primary objective of this study was to examine the association of a major autophagy protein, lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (lamp2), with age in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from healthy subjects. Lamp2 consists of three isoforms, lamp2a, 2b and 2c, all of which participate in autophagy. Lamp2's CSF concentration decreases in Parkinson's disease (PD) and increases in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether its CSF concentration changes during normal aging has not been investigated. Our secondary objectives were to examine the associations of lamp2's CSF concentration with CSF levels of the molecular chaperone heat shock 70-kDa protein (HSPA8), which interacts with lamp2a in CMA, and oxidative stress markers 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-isoprostane (8-ISO) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in healthy subjects. We found lamp2's observed associations with these variables to be weak, with all Kendall's tau-b absolute values ≤0.20. These results suggest that CSF lamp2 concentration changes little during normal aging and does not appear to be associated with HSPA8 or oxidative stress. Further studies are indicated to determine the relationship between CSF lamp2 concentration and brain autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital-Royal Oak, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Andrea C Klaver
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital-Royal Oak, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Mary P Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, Beaumont Hospital-Royal Oak, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Jan O Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
Infiltrative cardiomyopathies are characterized by abnormal accumulation or deposition of substances in cardiac tissue leading to cardiac dysfunction. These can be inherited, resulting from mutations in specific genes, which engender a diverse array of extracardiac features but overlapping cardiac phenotypes. This article provides an overview of each inherited infiltrative cardiomyopathy, describing the causative genes, the pathologic mechanisms involved, the resulting cardiac manifestations, and the therapies currently offered or being developed.
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Ma S, Zhang M, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou X, Guo G, Wang L, Wang M, Peng Z, Guo C, Zheng X, Zhou X, Wang J, Han Y. Characterisation of Lamp2-deficient rats for potential new animal model of Danon disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6932. [PMID: 29720683 PMCID: PMC5932014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Danon disease (DD) is caused by the absence or malfunction of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2). Although Lamp2-deficient mice and DD patients have similar characteristics, these mice have clear limitations and are clinically inconsistent. The aim of our paper is to outline the characteristics of Lamp2-deficient rats and to contrast this model with currently available DD mouse models. The baseline levels of some serum enzymes were elevated in Lamp2y/− rats along with hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycaemia at 8 weeks. Echocardiography showed that IVSd (1.500 ± 0.071 vs. 2.200 ± 1.147, P < 0.01) and LVPWd (1.575 ± 0.063 vs. 1.850 ± 0.029, P < 0.01) were significantly increased, and GCS (−13.20 ± 0.4814 vs. −6.954 ± 0.665) and GRS (21.42 ± 1.807 vs. 7.788 ± 1.140) were sharply decreased. Meanwhile, substantial myocyte disruption, hypertrophic muscle fibres, interstitial fibrosis and microvascular hyperplasia could be observed in the heart tissue. Lamp2y/− rats also displayed abnormal behaviours in the open field and fear conditioning tests. Notably, Lamp2y/− rats manifested other system dysfunctions, such as retinopathy, chronic kidney injury and sterility. Based on these results, Lamp2-deficient rats exhibited greater similarity to DD patients in terms of onset and multisystem lesions than did mouse models, and these rats could be used as a valuable animal model for DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- Division of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changcun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Centre for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Wang L, Wang J, Cai W, Shi Y, Zhou X, Guo G, Guo C, Huang X, Han Z, Zhang S, Ma S, Zhou X, Fan D, Gershwin ME, Han Y. A Critical Evaluation of Liver Pathology in Humans with Danon Disease and Experimental Correlates in a Rat Model of LAMP-2 Deficiency. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 53:105-116. [PMID: 28124283 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Danon disease is a genetic deficiency in lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2), a highly glycosylated constituent of the lysosomal membrane and characterized by a cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle myopathy, and cognitive impairment. Patients, however, often manifest hepatic abnormalities, but liver function has not been well evaluated and the syndrome is relatively uncommon. Hence, we have taken advantage of a rat that has been deleted of LAMP-2 to study the relative role of LAMP-2 on liver function. Interestingly, rats deficient in LAMP-2 develop a striking increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a decrease in bile flow compared with wild-type littermates. Importantly and by ultrastructural analysis, deficient rats manifest dilated canaliculi that lack microvilli with evidence of bile-containing bodies. Moreover, following bile duct ligation, LAMP-2-deficient rats develop rapid and severe evidence of advanced cholestasis, with an increase in serum bilirubin, as early as 6 h later. In wild-type control rats, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) normally concentrates at the bile canalicular membranes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile. However, in LAMP-2y/- rats, Mrp2 was detected in hepatocytes compared with other canalicular proteins including P-glycoproteins, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26), and aminopeptidase (CD13). Our data further suggest that LAMP-2 interacts with the membrane cytoskeletal proteins radixin and F-actin in determining the localization of integral membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Weile Cai
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Guanya Guo
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Changcun Guo
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Center of Electron Microscope, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Zheyi Han
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Shuoyi Ma
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Ying Han
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710032, China.
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Roos JCP, Daniels MJ, Morris E, Hyry HI, Cox TM. Heterogeneity in a large pedigree with Danon disease: Implications for pathogenesis and management. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 123:177-183. [PMID: 28822614 PMCID: PMC6588538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danon disease is an X-linked disturbance of autophagy manifesting with cognitive impairment and disordered heart and skeletal muscle. After a period of relative stability, patients deteriorate rapidly and may quickly become ineligible for elective heart transplantation - the only life-saving therapy. METHODS We report a large pedigree with diverse manifestations of Danon disease in hemizygotes and female heterozygotes. RESULTS Malignant cardiac arrhythmias requiring amiodarone treatment induced thyroid disease in two patients; intractable thyrotoxicosis, which enhances autophagy, caused the death of a 21year-old man. Our patients also had striking elevation of serum troponin I during the accelerated phase of their illness (p<0.01) and rising concentrations heralded cardiac decompensation. We argue for changes to cardiac transplantation eligibility criteria. CONCLUSION Danon disease causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - here we propose a common pathophysiological basis for the metabolic and structural effects of this descriptive class of heart disorders. We also contend that troponin I may have prognostic value and merits exploration for clinical decision-making including health warning bracelets. Rapamycin (Sirolimus®), an approved immunosuppressant which also influences autophagy, may prove beneficial. In the interim, while new treatments are developed, a revaluation of cardiac transplantation eligibility criteria is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanna I Hyry
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Sakane H, Akasaki K. The Major Lysosomal Membrane Proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 Participate in Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1186-1193. [PMID: 30068868 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles that play a crucial role in the degradation of endocytosed molecules, phagocytosed macromolecules and autophagic substrates. The membrane of lysosomes contains several highly glycosylated membrane proteins, and lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1 and LAMP-2 account for a major portion of the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins. Although it is well known that LAMP-2 deficiency causes Danon disease, which is characterized by cardiomyopathy, myopathy and mental retardation, the roles of lysosomal membrane proteins including LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in myogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, to understand the role of LAMP proteins in the course of differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes, we used C2C12 myoblasts and found that the protein and mRNA levels of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 were increased in the course of differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Then, we investigated the effects of LAMP-1 or LAMP-2 knockdown on C2C12 myotube formation, and found that LAMP-1 or LAMP-2 depletion impaired the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and reduced the diameter of C2C12 myotubes. LAMP-2 knockdown more severely impaired C2C12 myotube formation compared with LAMP-1 knockdown, and knockdown of LAMP-1 did not exacerbate the suppressive effects of LAMP-2 knockdown on C2C12 myotube formation. In addition, knockdown of LAMP-1 or LAMP-2 decreased the expression levels of myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and myogenin. These results demonstrate that both LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 are involved in C2C12 myotube formation and LAMP-2 may contribute dominantly to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakane
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
| | - Kenji Akasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University
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Nelson BC, Hashem SI, Adler ED. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Modeling of Cardiac Storage Disorders. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 19:26. [PMID: 28251514 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-017-0829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study is to review the published human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models of cardiac storage disorders and to evaluate the limitations and future applications of this technology. RECENT FINDINGS Several cardiac storage disorders (CSDs) have been modeled using patient-specific hiPSC-CMs, including Anderson-Fabry disease, Danon disease, and Pompe disease. These models have shown that patient-specific hiPSC-CMs faithfully recapitulate key phenotypic features of CSDs and respond predictably to pharmacologic manipulation. hiPSC-CMs generated from patients with CSDs are representative models of the patient disease state and can be used as an in vitro system for the study of human cardiomyocytes. While these models suffer from several limitations, they are likely to play an important role in future mechanistic studies of cardiac storage disorders and the development of targeted therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Biomedical Research Facility, Room 1217 AA, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sherin I Hashem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Biomedical Research Facility, Room 1217 AA, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eric D Adler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Biomedical Research Facility, Room 1217 AA, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Alessandrini F, Pezzè L, Ciribilli Y. LAMPs: Shedding light on cancer biology. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:239-253. [PMID: 29526252 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are important cytoplasmic organelles whose critical functions in cells are increasingly being understood. In particular, despite the long-standing accepted concept about the role of lysosomes as cellular machineries solely assigned to degradation, it has been demonstrated that they play active roles in homeostasis and even in cancer biology. Indeed, it is now well documented that during the process of cellular transformation and cancer progression lysosomes are changing localization, composition, and volume and, through the release of their enzymes, lysosomes can also enhance cancer aggressiveness. LAMPs (lysosome associated membrane proteins) represent a family of glycosylated proteins present predominantly on the membrane of lysosomes whose expression can vary among different tissues, suggesting a separation of functions. In this review we focus on the functions and roles of the different LAMP family members, with a particular emphasis on cancer progression and metastatic spread. LAMP proteins are involved in many different aspects of cell biology and can influence cellular processes such as phagocytosis, autophagy, lipid transport, and aging. Interestingly, for all the five members identified so far (LAMP1, LAMP2, LAMP3, CD68/Macrosialin/LAMP4, and BAD-LAMP/LAMP5), a role in cancer has been suggested. While this is well documented for LAMP1 and LAMP2, the involvement of the other three proteins in cancer progression and aggressiveness has recently been proposed and remains to be elucidated. Here we present different examples about how LAMP proteins can influence and support tumor growth and metastatic spread, emphasizing the impact of each single member of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Alessandrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Laura Pezzè
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy.
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Krech J, Tong G, Wowro S, Walker C, Rosenthal LM, Berger F, Schmitt KRL. Moderate therapeutic hypothermia induces multimodal protective effects in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injured cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrion 2017; 35:1-10. [PMID: 28396253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to attenuate myocardial cell death due to ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, cellular mechanisms of cooling remain to be elucidated. Especially during reperfusion, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cell death by releasing apoptosis inductors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of moderate therapeutic hypothermia (33.5°C) on mitochondrial mediated apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion-injured cardiomyocytes. METHODS Ischemic injury was simulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation for 6h in glucose/serum-free medium at 0.2% O2 in mouse atrial HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Simulation of reperfusion was achieved by restoration of nutrients in complete supplemented medium and incubation at 21% O2. Early application of therapeutic hypothermia, cooling during the oxygen-glucose deprivation phase, was initiated after 3h of oxygen-glucose deprivation and maintained for 24h. Mitochondrial membrane integrity was assessed by cytochrome c and AIF protein releases. Furthermore, mitochondria were stained with MitoTracker Red and intra-cellular cytochrome c localization was visualized by immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Hsp70 as well as phagophore promoting LC3-II protein expressions were analyzed by Western-blot analysis. RESULTS Therapeutic hypothermia initiated during oxygen-glucose deprivation significantly reduced mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and AIF in cardiomyocytes during reperfusion. Secondly, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and Hsp70 protein expressions were significantly upregulated due to hypothermia, indicating an inhibition of both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes treated with therapeutic hypothermia showed increased LC3-II protein levels associated with the mitochondria during the first 3h of reperfusion, indicating the initiation of phagophores formation and sequestration of presumably damaged mitochondrion. CONCLUSION Early application of therapeutic hypothermia effectively inhibited cardiomyocyte cell death due to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury via multiple pathways. As hypothermia preserved mitochondrial membrane integrity, which resulted in reduced cytochrome c and AIF releases, induction of both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis was minimized. Secondly, cooling attenuated intrinsic apoptosis via Hsp70 upregulation and increasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Moreover, therapeutic hypothermia promoted mitochondrial associated LC3-II during the early phase of reperfusion, possibly leading to the sequestration and degradation of damaged mitochondrion to attenuate the activation of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krech
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giang Tong
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Wowro
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Walker
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa-Maria Rosenthal
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité - University Medical Center, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Rose Luise Schmitt
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Institute Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Lippai M, Szatmári Z. Autophagy-from molecular mechanisms to clinical relevance. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:145-168. [PMID: 27957648 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway of eukaryotic cells that is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. During this process, cooperating protein complexes are recruited in a hierarchic order to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) to mediate the elongation and closure of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which sequester cytosolic components and deliver their content to the endolysosomal system for degradation. As a major cytoprotective mechanism, autophagy plays a key role in the stress response against nutrient starvation, hypoxia, and infections. Although numerous studies reported that impaired function of core autophagy proteins also contributes to the development and progression of various human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular and muscle diseases, infections, and different types of cancer, the function of this process in human diseases remains unclear. Evidence often suggests a controversial role for autophagy in the pathomechanisms of these severe disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and summarize the recent advances on its function in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Lippai
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szatmári
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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