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Teixeira R, Stefanelli A, Pilon A, Warmers R, Fontrodona X, Romero I, Costa PJ, Villa de Brito MJ, Hudec X, Pirker C, Türck S, Antunes AMM, Kowol CR, Ott I, Brozovic A, Sombke A, Eckhard M, Tomaz AI, Heffeter P, Valente A. Paraptotic Cell Death as an Unprecedented Mode of Action Observed for New Bipyridine-Silver(I) Compounds Bearing Phosphane Coligands. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6081-6098. [PMID: 38401050 PMCID: PMC11056982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the anticancer activity of several novel silver(I) 2,2'-bipyridine complexes containing either triphenylphosphane (PPh3) or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) ligands. All compounds were characterized by diverse analytical methods including ESI-MS spectrometry; NMR, UV-vis, and FTIR spectroscopies; and elemental analysis. Moreover, several compounds were also studied by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Subsequently, the compounds were investigated for their anticancer activity against drug-resistant and -sensitive cancer cells. Noteworthily, neither carboplatin and oxaliplatin resistance nor p53 deletion impacted on their anticancer efficacy. MES-OV cells displayed exceptional hypersensitivity to the dppe-containing drugs. This effect was not based on thioredoxin reductase inhibition, enhanced drug uptake, or apoptosis induction. In contrast, dppe silver drugs induced paraptosis, a novel recently described form of programmed cell death. Together with the good tumor specificity of this compound's class, this work suggests that dppe-containing silver complexes could be interesting drug candidates for the treatment of resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo
G. Teixeira
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Alessia Stefanelli
- Center
for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Adhan Pilon
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rebecca Warmers
- Center
for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Xavier Fontrodona
- Departament
de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona 17071, Spain
| | - Isabel Romero
- Departament
de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona 17071, Spain
| | - Paulo J. Costa
- BioISI
- Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Villa de Brito
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Xenia Hudec
- Center
for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Center
for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de
Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences,
Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico
(IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry,
University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division
of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković
Institute, Bijenička
cesta 54,Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Andy Sombke
- Center
for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Margret Eckhard
- Center
for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ana Isabel Tomaz
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center
for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento
de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade
de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
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Accolla RP, Liang JP, Lansberry TR, Miravet IL, Loaisiga M, Sardi BL, Stabler CL. Engineering Modular, Oxygen-Generating Microbeads for the In Situ Mitigation of Cellular Hypoxia. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300239. [PMID: 36971050 PMCID: PMC10522802 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygenation is a key obstacle in the design of clinically scalable tissue-engineered grafts. In this work, an oxygen-generating composite material, termed OxySite, is created through the encapsulation of calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) within polydimethylsiloxane and formulated into microbeads for ease in tissue integration. Key material parameters of reactant loading, porogen addition, microbead size, and an outer rate-limiting layer are modulated to characterize oxygen generation kinetics and their suitability for cellular applications. In silico models are developed to predict the local impact of different OxySite microbead formulations on oxygen availability within an idealized cellular implant. Promising OxySite microbead variants are subsequently coencapsulated with murine β-cells within macroencapsulation devices, resulting in improved cellular metabolic activity and function under hypoxic conditions when compared to controls. Additionally, the coinjection of optimized OxySite microbeads with murine pancreatic islets within a confined transplant site demonstrates ease of integration and improved primary cell function. These works highlight the broad translatability delivered by this new oxygen-generating biomaterial format, whereby the modularity of the material provides customization of the oxygen source to the specific needs of the cellular implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Accolla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jia-Pu Liang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor R. Lansberry
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irayme Labrada Miravet
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marlon Loaisiga
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baltasar Lopez Sardi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zhou DR, Eid R, Miller KA, Boucher E, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Intracellular second messengers mediate stress inducible hormesis and Programmed Cell Death: A review. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2019; 1866:773-792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Furukawa Y, Sawamoto A, Yamaoka M, Nakaya M, Hieda Y, Choshi T, Hatae N, Okuyama S, Nakajima M, Hibino S. Effects of Carbazole Derivatives on Neurite Outgrowth and Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cytotoxicity in Neuro2a Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:E1366. [PMID: 30959983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in several ailments including neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemic injury. Previously we synthesized some carbazole compounds that have anti-oxidant ability in vitro. In this present study, we found that one of these 22 carbazole compounds, compound 13 (3-ethoxy-1-hydroxy-8- methoxy-2-methylcarbazole-5-carbaldehyde), had the ability to protect neuro2a cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. It is well known that neurite loss is one of the cardinal features of neuronal injury. Our present study revealed that compound 13 had the ability to induce neurite outgrowth through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in neuro2a cells. These findings suggest that compound 13 might exert a neurotrophic effect and thus be a useful therapy for the treatment of brain injury.
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Zhou DR, Eid R, Boucher E, Miller KA, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Stress is an agonist for the induction of programmed cell death: A review. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2019; 1866:699-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wardi J, Ernst O, Lilja A, Aeed H, Katz S, Ben-Nachum I, Ben-Dror I, Katz D, Bernadsky O, Kandhikonda R, Avni Y, Fraser IDC, Weinstain R, Biro A, Zor T. 3-Aminobenzamide Prevents Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Hepatitis by an Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3382-3397. [PMID: 30196390 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Concanavalin A is known to activate T cells and to cause liver injury and hepatitis, mediated in part by secretion of TNFα from macrophages. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have been shown to prevent tissue damage in various animal models of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in preventing concanavalin A-induced liver damage. METHODS We tested the in vivo effects of 3-AB on concanavalin A-treated mice, its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in culture, and its ability to act as a scavenger in in vitro assays. RESULTS 3-AB markedly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver tissue damage in concanavalin A-treated mice. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, 3-AB inhibited NFκB transcriptional activity and subsequent expression of TNFα and iNOS and blocked NO production. In vitro, 3-AB acted as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the ROS formation inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) also inhibited TNFα expression in stimulated macrophages, but unlike 3-AB, NAC and DPI were unable to abolish NFκB activity. PARP-1 knockout failed to affect NFκB and TNFα suppression by 3-AB in stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 3-AB has a therapeutic effect on concanavalin A-induced liver injury by inhibiting expression of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, via PARP-1-independent NFκB suppression and via an NFκB-independent anti-oxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram Wardi
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Orna Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Lilja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hussein Aeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Sebastián Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Ben-Nachum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Ben-Dror
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dolev Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Bernadsky
- Department of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Rajendar Kandhikonda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Avni
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roy Weinstain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Biro
- Institute of Nephrology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Tsaffrir Zor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Ding H, Wen Z. Overexpression of C‑sis inhibits H2O2‑induced Buffalo rat liver cell apoptosis in vitro and alleviates liver injury in a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:873-882. [PMID: 29786113 PMCID: PMC6034937 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of the C‑sis gene in the apoptosis of hepatocytes in vitro and in the liver function of a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis and then transfected with a C‑sis overexpression vector. A rat model of FHF was established, and C‑sis was overexpressed. The mRNA and protein expression of C‑sis were examined using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Cell viability was assessed by CCK8, and a TUNEL assay was used to examine cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle detection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological examination. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were also examined in the rats. The results showed that C‑sis was successfully overexpressed in the cells and rat model. Compared with H2O2‑treated BRL cells, the overexpression of C‑sis significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, promoted cell viability, and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Similar results were observed in the FHF rats treated with the C‑sis overexpression plasmid, compared with those treated with empty plasmids. In addition, in the FHF rats overexpressing C‑sis, histological examination showed that liver injury was alleviated, the levels of ALT and AST were significantly decreased, and mortality rate was significantly decreased, compared with those observed in the rats treated with empty plasmids. In conclusion, the overexpression of C‑sis inhibited the H2O2‑induced apoptosis of BRL cells in vitro, and alleviated liver injury, improved liver function, and decreased mortality rates in rat models of FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Eid R, Arab NTT, Greenwood MT. Iron mediated toxicity and programmed cell death: A review and a re-examination of existing paradigms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2016; 1864:399-430. [PMID: 27939167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient that is problematic for biological systems since it is toxic as it generates free radicals by interconverting between ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) forms. Additionally, even though iron is abundant, it is largely insoluble so cells must treat biologically available iron as a valuable commodity. Thus elaborate mechanisms have evolved to absorb, re-cycle and store iron while minimizing toxicity. Focusing on rarely encountered situations, most of the existing literature suggests that iron toxicity is common. A more nuanced examination clearly demonstrates that existing regulatory processes are more than adequate to limit the toxicity of iron even in response to iron overload. Only under pathological or artificially harsh situations of exposure to excess iron does it become problematic. Here we review iron metabolism and its toxicity as well as the literature demonstrating that intracellular iron is not toxic but a stress responsive programmed cell death-inducing second messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nagla T T Arab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael T Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Liu D, Zhang T, Chen Z, Wang Y, Ma S, Liu J, Liu J. The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:169-179. [PMID: 28413321 PMCID: PMC5386122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides are the main pharmacological components of Panax ginseng root, which are thought to be primarily responsible for the suppressing effect on oxidative stress. Methods 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorption capacity were applied to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the ginsenosides. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were incubated with ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) and solvent cold soak extraction (SCSE) for 24 h and then the injury was induced by 40μM H2O2. The cell viability and surface morphology of HEK-293 cells were studied using MTS assay and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe assay was used to measure the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular antioxidant activities of ginsenosides were evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay in HepG2 cells. Results The PEF extracts displayed the higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and stronger oxygen radical absorption capacity (with an oxygen radical absorption capacity value of 14.48 ± 4.04μM TE per μg/mL). The HEK-293 cell model also suggested that the protective effect of PEF extracts was dose-dependently greater than SCSE extracts. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay further proved that PEF extracts are more active (8% higher than SCSE extracts) in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HEK-293 cells, which were treated with PEF extracts, maintained more intact surface morphology. Cellular antioxidant activity values indicated that ginsenosides extracted by PEF had stronger cellular antioxidant activity than SCSE ginsenosides extracts. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the antioxidative effect of ginsenosides extracted by PEF in vitro. Furthermore, rather than SCSE, PEF may be more useful as an alternative extraction technique for the extraction of ginsenosides with enhanced antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingbo Liu
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi' an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional FoodCollege of Food Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityNo. 5333 Xi' an RoadChangchunJilin130062China
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Enciu AM, Popescu LM. Telopodes of telocytes are influenced in vitro by redox conditions and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:165-74. [PMID: 26335900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a novel cell type identified among interstitial cells in various organs. TCs are characterized by very long cell processes (tens to hundreds micrometres) named telopodes (Tps) with uneven calibre: dilations (podoms) and very thin segments (podomers). However, little is known about the factors which influence Tps conformation. Recently, extracellular matrix proteins were found to influence Tps extension, adherence and spreading. Here, we show that oxidative stress and ageing influence formation of new Tps of TCs cultivated from human non-pregnant myometrium. Using real-time videomicroscopy, we found that ageing the TCs to passage 21 increased the ratio of Tps/TC number with about 50 %, whereas oxidative stress hindered formation of new Tps in both aged and young TCs (passage 7). Under oxidative stress, newly formed cell processes were up to 25 % shorter. Migration pathway length was decreased by 30-40 % for both young and aged cells in an oxidative stress environment. Contrary, addition of N-acetyl cysteine in cell culture medium shifted TCs morphology to a long and slender profile. In conclusion, we showed that TCs specific morphology in vitro is influenced by oxidative status balance, as well as ageing.
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Shin S, Upadhyay N, Greenbaum LE, Kaestner KH. Ablation of Foxl1-Cre-labeled hepatic progenitor cells and their descendants impairs recovery of mice from liver injury. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:192-202.e3. [PMID: 25286440 PMCID: PMC4387775 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Foxl1(+) hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) differentiate into cholangiocytes and hepatocytes after liver injury. We investigated the requirement for Foxl1(+) HPCs in recovery from liver injury in mice. METHODS We developed mice in which we could trace and delete Foxl1-expressing HPCs and their descendants (Foxl1-Cre;Rosa(YFP/iDTR)-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor [iDTR] mice). Foxl1-Cre-negative mice were used as controls. Liver damage was induced in male mice by placing them on choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diets for 15 days; mice then were placed on normal diets and allowed to recover. Liver damage was induced in female mice by placing them on 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-containing diets, followed by a recovery period. Some mice were given injections of diphtheria toxin during the recovery phase to delete Foxl1-Cre-marked HPCs and their descendants. Livers were collected from all mice and analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and histologic analyses. RESULTS Foxl1-Cre-marked HPCs were required for the development of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in livers after CDE diet-induced injury. A smaller percentage of yellow fluorescent protein-positive (YFP(+)) hepatocytes contained markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage, or cell death than YFP-negative hepatocytes, indicating that YFP(+) hepatocytes are newly formed cells. Injection of diphtheria toxin deleted YFP(+) cells from Foxl1-Cre;Rosa(YFP/iDTR) mice and prevented the resolution of hepatic steatosis. In mice recovering from DDC diet-induced injury, most cholangiocytes arose from Foxl1-Cre-marked HPCs. Deletion of YFP(+) cells did not alter levels of markers of liver injury or liver function. CONCLUSIONS Based on studies of Foxl1-Cre;Rosa(YFP/iDTR) mice, Foxl1(+) HPCs and/or their descendants are required for the development of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in liver after CDE diet-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soona Shin
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Naman Upadhyay
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linda E. Greenbaum
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gu M, Chen H, Zhao M, Wang X, Yang B, Ren J, Su G. Identification of antioxidant peptides released from defatted walnut (Juglans Sigillata Dode) meal proteins with pancreatin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015; 60:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Paula EA, Kossatz S, Fernandes D, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Administration of Ascorbic Acid to Prevent Bleaching-induced Tooth Sensitivity: A Randomized Triple-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2014; 39:128-35. [DOI: 10.2341/12-483-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effect of ascorbic acid, 500 mg every eight hours, on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity. A triple-blind, parallel design, and placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 39 adults. The pills (placebo or ascorbic acid) were administered three times per day for 48 hours; the first dose was given one hour prior to each bleaching session. Two bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel were performed with a one-week interval. Tooth sensitivity was recorded up to 48 hours after bleaching. The color evaluation was performed before and 30 days after bleaching. The absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U-tests, respectively. Color changes were evaluated by unpaired t-test (α=0.05). There were no significant differences in the absolute risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity and color change between the groups. Both groups showed a similar risk of tooth sensitivity (p>0.05). The perioperative use of an antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid (500 mg, three times daily) perorally, was not able to prevent bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity or reduce its intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- EA de Paula
- Eloisa Andrade de Paula, DDS, MS, PhD student, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - S Kossatz
- Stella Kossatz, DDS, MS, PhD, associate professor, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - D Fernandes
- Daniel Fernandes, PharmD, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, School of Pharmacology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - AD Loguercio
- Alessandro Dourado Loguercio, DDS, MS, PhD, adjunct professor, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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14
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Gu L, Zhao M, Li W, You L, Wang J, Wang H, Ren J. Chemical and cellular antioxidant activity of two novel peptides designed based on glutathione structure. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4085-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Li G, Kang J, Yao X, Xin Y, Wang Q, Ye Y, Luo L, Yin Z. The component of green tea, L-theanine protects human hepatic L02 cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ding X, Wang MY, Yao YX, Li GY, Cai BC. Protective effect of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural derived from processed Fructus Corni on human hepatocyte LO2 injured by hydrogen peroxide and its mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128:373-376. [PMID: 20117202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to evaluate the putative protective effect of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) derived from processed Fructus Corni on human hepatocyte cell line (LO2) injured by hydrogen peroxide in vitro and the mechanism of its protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The percentage of cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The hepatocyte cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometric analysis. The content of nitric oxide and caspase-3 activity were quantified spectrophotometrically by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULT The study showed that incubation with 5-HMF caused significant increase in the viability of LO2 cell, decrease of cell apoptosis and recovery of cell cycle in LO2 cell injured by hydrogen peroxide, which was accompanied with the decreased nitric oxide level and caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that 5-HMF protects LO2 cell against damage induced by hydrogen peroxide through inhibiting effect of cell apoptosis caused by promoting S phase to G2/M phase and the decreased caspase-3 activity and nitric oxide level. 5-HMF is one of the active principles in processed Fructus Corni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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17
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Li RG, Li TT, Hao L, Xu X, Na J. Hydrogen peroxide reduces lead-induced oxidative stress to mouse brain and liver. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009; 82:419-422. [PMID: 18974911 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) intoxication may initiate many disorders in human and animals. This study investigates the role of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in inducing mouse tolerance to Pb exposure. Results showed that the simultaneous application of 1.2 microg H(2)O(2) per kg body weight efficiently protected mice against the Pb-caused injury, as revealed by decreased growth suppression caused by the Pb stress, increased antioxidative enzyme activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and the protective effect on the nuclear DNA integrity. To our knowledge, this is the first finding of this sort.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Li
- Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, People's Republic of China
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18
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Hanawa T, Asayama S, Watanabe T, Owada S, Kawakami H. Protective effects of the complex between manganese porphyrins and catalase-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. J Control Release 2009; 135:60-4. [PMID: 19162102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex between manganese (Mn) porphyrins and catalase-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugates has been designed for the protective effect against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. The resulting Mn-porphyrin/catalase-PEG complex with dual enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enhanced the blood circulation. The spin reduction rate in the rats treated with the Mn-porphyrin/catalase-PEG complex was significantly higher than that in the untreated rats and almost equal to that in the sham group rats. Furthermore, the Mn-porphyrin/catalase-PEG complex significantly decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These results suggest that the Mn-porphyrin/catalase-PEG complex exhibited the antioxidative activity to protect hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo.
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19
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Tupe RS, Chiplonkar SA, Agte VV. Changes in zinc uptake in response to ascorbic acid and folic acid in rat liver slices under normal and oxidative stress conditions. Biofactors 2007; 30:27-34. [PMID: 18198399 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zinc plays a dual role, as an integral part of metabolic machinery and in defense against reactive oxygen species. Hepatocytes are important sites for zinc metabolism for synthesis of zinc metalloproteins and maintaining its homeostasis. However, the factors influencing post absorptive zinc metabolism under normal and oxidative stress (OS) conditions are not well understood. Using rat liver slices, we conducted a series of four in vitro zinc uptake experiments to study influence of ascorbic acid and folic acid in normal and oxidative stress conditions with Zn concentrations representing deficient to excess states (7.7-30.7 millimole/L). Zinc uptakes under OS at these four zinc levels were lower than the normal conditions. Folic acid showed significant inhibitory effect on zinc uptake under both normal and OS conditions in a dose response manner. Nevertheless, dose response of ascorbic acid at four zinc levels indicated its marked enhancing effect under OS condition. Differences in zinc uptake trend lines between the normal and OS conditions for interaction of both the vitamins narrowed down as the zinc levels increased. Our results suggest that folic acid causes inhibitory effect, while ascorbic acid may be protective in OS with reference to zinc uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Tupe
- Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
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20
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Abstract
We have previously shown that inhibition of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MS), respectively, in rat primary hepatocytes caused sustained endogenous oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death without caspase-3 activation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of this apoptotic cell death in terms of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Treatment with ATZ+MS time-dependently increased the number of deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei from 12 h, resulting in clear DNA laddering at 24 h. The deoxyribonuclease (DNase) inhibitor, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), completely inhibited nucleosomal DNA fragmentation but the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk was without effects; furthermore, the cleavage of inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase was not detected, indicating the involvement of DNase(s) other than caspase-activated DNase. Considering that endonuclease G (EndoG) reportedly acts in a caspase-independent manner, we cloned rat EndoG cDNA for the first time. Recombinant EndoG alone digested plasmid DNA and induced nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in isolated hepatocyte nuclei. Recombinant EndoG activity was inhibited by ATA but not by hydrogen peroxide, even at 10 mm. ATZ+MS stimulation elicited decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and EndoG translocation from mitochondria to nuclei. By applying RNA interference, the mRNA levels of EndoG were almost completely suppressed and the amount of EndoG protein was decreased to approximately half the level of untreated cells. Under these conditions, decreases in TUNEL-positive nuclei were significantly suppressed. These results indicate that EndoG is responsible, at least in part, for nucleosomal DNA fragmentation under endogenous oxidative stress conditions induced by ATZ+MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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21
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Kanno SI, Tomizawa A, Hiura T, Osanai Y, Kakuta M, Kitajima Y, Koiwai K, Ohtake T, Ujibe M, Ishikawa M. Melatonin Protects on Toxicity by Acetaminophen But Not on Pharmacological Effects in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:472-6. [PMID: 16508148 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland and its main hormone, melatonin (MLT), are involved in a variety of physiological processes. MLT is a member of the indolamine family and has significant antioxidative activity. Acetaminophen (AA) is the most widely used medication in the world, both by prescription and over the counter. In large doses, AA is hepatotoxic causing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, antioxidants have been used to protect against the toxicity of AA. Here, we examined in vitro and in vivo the protective effects of MLT against AA-induced toxicity in mice. MLT (100 microM) had a significant protective effect on the AA (7 mM)-induced loss of cell viability in mouse primary cultured hepatocytes as determined using the 3H-thymidine incorporation assay and MTT assay. The AA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) peaked at 6 h and was followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation at 12 h in hepatocytes. MLT (0.1, 1, 10 or 100 microM) dose-dependently attenuated the increase in both production of ROS and lipid peroxidation by AA. Similarly, in vivo, AA (400, 600 or 800 mg/kg, intraperitoneally)-induced mortality and hepatotoxicity were significantly decreased by MLT (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Pretreatment with MLT had a greater protective effect on the hepatotoxicity of AA than post-treatment. However, MLT had no protective effect on the antipyretic effect or antinociception caused by AA. These results suggest that MLT is potentially useful for preventing AA-induced toxicity, but not the antipyretic effect or antinociception caused by AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syu-ichi Kanno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Research Institute, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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Kim SH, Lee HS, Lee S, Cho J, Ze K, Sung J, Kim YC. Mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus protects primary cultured rat hepatocytes against hepatotoxins. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 95:367-372. [PMID: 15507362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoprotective activity of Phellinus linteus was studied using H(2)O(2)- or galactosamine-injured primary cultures of rat hepatocytes as screening systems. The methanolic extract of the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus significantly protected against hepatotoxins-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes as seen from the decreased level of glutamic pyruvic transaminase released from the injured hepatocytes. The methanolic extract of the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus was subsequently fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among these fractions, 100 microg/mL of the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active one. The relative protections were 68.9 +/- 5.3% in H(2)O(2)-injured hepatocytes and 46.8 +/- 3.9% in galactosamine-injured hepatocytes, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction appeared to maintain the glutathione level which was decreased by the treatment of H(2)O(2) or galactosamine and restored the level of RNA synthesis more than two times compared to galactosamine-injured hepatocytes. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction of the mycelial culture of Phellinus linteus protects hepatocytes from H(2)O(2)- or galactosamine-induced injury by maintaining hepatic glutathione level and RNA synthesis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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23
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Chen YR, Chen CL, Chen W, Zweier JL, Augusto O, Radi R, Mason RP. Formation of protein tyrosine ortho-semiquinone radical and nitrotyrosine from cytochrome c-derived tyrosyl radical. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:18054-62. [PMID: 14761966 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307706200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative alteration of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) has been linked to disease pathophysiology and is one of the causative factors for pro-apoptotic events. Hydrogen peroxide induces a short-lived cyt c-derived tyrosyl radical as detected by the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. This investigation was undertaken to characterize the fate and consequences of the cyt c-derived tyrosyl radical. The direct ESR spectrum from the reaction of cyt c with H(2)O(2) revealed a single-line signal with a line width of approximately 10 G. The detected ESR signal could be prevented by pretreatment of cyt c with iodination, implying that the tyrosine residue of cyt c was involved. The ESR signal can be enhanced and stabilized by a divalent metal ion such as Zn(2+), indicating the formation of the protein tyrosine ortho-semiquinone radical (ToQ.). The production of cyt c-derived ToQ. is inhibited by the spin trap, 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP), suggesting the participation of tyrosyl radical in the formation of the ortho-semiquinone radical. The endothelium relaxant factor nitric oxide is well known to mediate mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. The consumption of NO by cyt c was enhanced by addition of H(2)O(2) as verified by inhibition electrochemical detection using an NO electrode. The rate of NO consumption in the system containing cyt c/NO/H(2)O(2) was decreased by the spin traps 5,5-dimethyl pyrroline N-oxide and MNP, suggesting NO trapping of the cyt c-derived tyrosyl radical. The above result was further confirmed by NO quenching of the ESR signal of the MNP adduct of cyt c tyrosyl radical. Immunoblotting analysis of cyt c after exposure to NO in the presence of H(2)O(2) revealed the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine. The addition of superoxide dismutase did not change the cyt c nitration, indicating that it is peroxynitrite-independent. The results of this study may provide useful information in understanding the interconnection among cyt c, H(2)O(2), NO, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Renn Chen
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Abstract
We have investigated the effect of propolis (CB Propolis) on the growth of human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells. We found that propolis strongly inhibited the growth of the cells and macromolecular synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by apoptosis. Propolis at 0.015-0.5 microl/ml showed antitumor activity with an IC(50) of 0.18 microl/ml for 3 d. It also inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis with an IC(50) of 0.08, 0.17 and 4.3 microl/ml, respectively. The inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis was partially irreversible. Moreover, an apoptotic DNA ladder and chromatin condensation were observed in the same concentration range in which cell growth was inhibited. The caspase inhibitor, Z-Asp-CH(2)-DCB, prevented DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of propolis occurs through the induction of apoptosis. Propolis may be useful as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Aso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Research Institute, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Abstract
In muscle cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continually generated. It is believed that these molecules have a well-established role as physiological modulators of skeletal muscle functions, ranging from development to metabolism and from blood flow to contractile functions. Moreover, ROS may contribute to the development of muscle fatigue, inflammation, and degeneration, and may be implicated in many muscle diseases. The aim of the present study was to verify the role of short or prolonged exposure to oxidative stress, generated by different concentrations of H(2)O(2), on growth, chromosomal aberrations, and apoptosis induced in cultured L6C5 rat muscle cells used as model for myoblasts. Our results indicate that, in L6C5 cells, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) can activate distinct cell pathways leading to cell growth induction and development of resistant phenotype, or to chromosomal aberrations, cell cycle arrest, or cell death. The positive vs. negative effects of H(2)O(2)-altered redox potential in myoblasts are strictly related to the intensity of oxidative stress, likely depending on the types and number of cellular targets involved. Among these, DNA molecules appear to be very sensitive to breakage by H(2)O(2), although DNA damage is not directly responsible for ROI-induced apoptosis in L6C5 rat myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.
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26
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Kanno SI, Matsukawa E, Miura A, Shouji A, Asou K, Ishikawa M. Diethyldithiocarbamate-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:964-8. [PMID: 12843619 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) has been shown to induce cytotoxicity in several different systems. We examined whether the DDTC-induced cytotoxicity was via apoptosis, or in relation to intracellular glutathione (GSH) in various murine and human leukemia cell lines. The cells most sensitive to DDTC-induced cytotoxicity were P388 lymphoid neoplasma cells and NALM-6, a B cell line of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The next level of susceptible cells included J774.1, having a macrophage function, HL-60 premyelocytic leukemia cells, MOLT-4, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell, and Jurkat, a T-cell leukemia. U937 (expressing many monocyte-like characteristics), K562 erythroleukemia and K562/DXR (a multidrug-resistant clone derived from K562) were almost unaffected by DDTC. P388 was also highly susceptible to H(2)O(2), a most useful exogenous reactive oxygen species generator, and was lower in intracellular total GSH content than other leukemia cells. DDTC-induced cytotoxicity was closely related to intracellular GSH, but the level of cellular GSH did not always correlate with H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in this experiment. K562 had a higher intracellular total GSH content and showed lower susceptibility to DDTC and H(2)O(2), but with the combination of DDTC and DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), cytotoxicity increased significantly. The ratio of GSH/GSSG in P388 was reduced by DDTC or H(2)O(2). H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity was completely blocked by catalase (CAT), while it was enhanced by superoxide dismutase (SOD). CAT or SOD did not affect DDTC-induced cytotoxicity. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC: 1 mM), a vanguard substance of GSH, and aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA: 100 microM), an endonuclease inhibitor, ameliorated DDTC-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In conclusion, we suggest that DDTC-induced cytotoxicity was via an oxidative shift in the intracellular redox state, and accompanied the activation of endonuclease through apoptosis in leukemia cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syu-ichi Kanno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Research Institute, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
Flavonoids are widely recognized as naturally occurring antioxidants. Naringin (NG) is one of the flavonoid components in citrus fruits such as grapefruit. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes cytotoxicity through oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this paper, we examined the effects of NG on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mouse leukemia P388 cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by mitochondrial activity (MTT assay). Apoptosis and DNA damage were analyzed by measuring chromatin condensation and Comet assay (alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis), respectively. H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was significantly attenuated by NG or the reduced form of glutathione (GSH), a typical intracellular antioxidant. NG suppressed chromatin condensation and DNA damage induced by H2O2. These results indicate that NG from natural products is a useful drug having antioxidant and anti-apoptopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syu-Ichi Kanno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Research Institute, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University.
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28
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Asayama S, Mori T, Nagaoka S, Kawakami H. Chemical modification of manganese porphyrins with biomolecules for new functional antioxidants. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2003; 14:1169-79. [PMID: 14768906 DOI: 10.1163/156856203322553419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the reduction of O2*- to H2O2, is the key enzyme for the protection of oxidative stress. Here we have chemically modified manganese (Mn) porphyrins with biomolecules for new functional antioxidants. The Mn-porphyrins were conjugated with the following biochemical functional molecules: (1) catalase, to catalyze reduction of H2O2 to H2O. The resulting conjugate showed dual functions of SOD and catalase; (2) a carbohydrate, to facilitate receptor binding and, hence, active targeting. The resulting conjugate showed both SOD activity and carbohydrate recognition. These results suggest that the antioxidants promise the application to biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University. Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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29
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Abstract
More than 90% of thymocytes undergo apoptosis while undergoing differentiation in the thymus. Although several factors act in concert to induce thymocyte apoptosis, it remains speculative if reactive oxygen intermediates produced by thymic macrophages may play a role in this process. The present investigation was carried out to determine if H(2)O(2) is capable of inducing apoptosis of thymocytes in vitro. It was observed that H(2)O(2) could induce apoptosis of thymocytes in vitro in a dose and time dependent manner. It was further found that H(2)O(2)-induced thymocyte apoptosis was dependent on the mobilization of divalent cations. The result of this study will help further in the understanding of the mechanism of H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Acharya
- Dept. Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the mediation of cell killing. But the mechanistic links between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death remains unclear. There was a speculation that ROS, especially hydroxyl radicals can induce necrosis but not apoptosis in cells treated with copper-1,10-phenanthroline, IICu(OP)(2). In this paper, liver carcinoma cell line (Bel-7402) was treated with IICu(OP)(2) and its effect was examined by several means. Cells were found to undergo changes characteristic of apoptosis. Hoechst staining showed apoptotic body appeared in the cells induced by IICu(OP)(2). When DNA extracted from the cells treated with IICu(OP)(2) was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis it generated 'ladder' pattern of discontinuous DNA fragments. Sub-G(1) peak was detected in treated cells. Furthermore, two different flow cytometric methods were used, each allowing us to relate the apoptotic cells to the position the cell-cycle position. Apoptosis induced by IICu(OP)(2) was limited to G(1)-phase cells. Using cyclin analysis, the expression of cyclin E in G(1) was blocked. Thus, it was concluded that IICu(OP)(2) can induce G(1)-phase specific apoptosis in Bel-7402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, PR China
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31
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Vissers MC, Lee WG, Hampton MB. Regulation of apoptosis by vitamin C. Specific protection of the apoptotic machinery against exposure to chlorinated oxidants. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:46835-40. [PMID: 11590157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107664200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the ability of intracellular vitamin C to protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells from exposure to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and a range of derived chloramines. Ascorbate provided minimal protection against the cytotoxicity induced by these oxidants, as measured by propidium iodide uptake. In contrast, there was a marked effect on apoptosis, monitored by caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure. Extended incubation of the cells with glycine chloramine or histamine chloramine completely blocked apoptosis initiated in the cells by serum withdrawal. This effect was significantly abrogated by ascorbate. Inhibition of apoptosis required the oxidant to be present for an extended period after serum withdrawal and occurred prior to caspase-3 activation. General protection of thiols by ascorbate was not responsible for the protection of apoptosis, because intracellular oxidation by HOCl or chloramines was not prevented in supplemented cells. The results suggest a new role for vitamin C in the regulation of apoptosis. We propose that, by protection of an oxidant-sensitive step in the initiation phase, ascorbate allows apoptosis to proceed in endothelial cells under sustained oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Vissers
- Pathology Department, Free Radical Research Group, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P. O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8001, New Zealand.
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32
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Jin N, Hatton ND, Harrington MA, Xia X, Larsen SH, Rhoades RA. H(2)O(2)-induced egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun gene expression is mediated by tyrosine kinase in aortic smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:736-46. [PMID: 11053775 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) has recently been shown to have a dual effect on cell growth by stimulating proliferation and triggering apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by H(2)O(2) is a direct consequence of oxidant injury, while the proliferative response to H(2)O(2) is thought to be a protective mechanism against oxidant injury. Signaling of the H(2)O(2)-induced proliferative effect has been proposed to occur via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increase in expression of transcription factors. In the present study, H(2)O(2)-induced mitogenic signaling in aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC) was investigated with a specific focus on the roles of tyrosine kinase and tyrosine phosphatase in the regulation of the H(2)O(2)-stimulated egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun transcription. The results show that H(2)O(2)-induced increases in egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun mRNA levels, as measured by Northern blot analysis, are time and dose dependent with the peak of the response within 2 h. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein, amino-genistein, and tyrphostin 51) significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced expression of these genes and a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor (perox-vanadate) stimulated their expression. H(2)O(2) stimulated tyrosine kinase activities and caused protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which was blocked by tyrphostin 51. H(2)O(2) also caused tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. These data show that H(2)O(2) increases egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun mRNA levels in vascular smooth muscle cells, and the increase in expression of these genes is mediated by activation of tyrosine kinase. Our data also provide evidence that the H(2)O(2)-induced mitogenic response is, in part, mediated through the receptor tyrosine kinase, PDGF receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Genes, jun/drug effects
- Genistein/pharmacology
- Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity
- Immediate-Early Proteins
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tyrosine/chemistry
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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