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Wang X, Qin Y, Li J, Huang P, Li Y, Huang J, Wang Q, Yang H. Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2335340. [PMID: 38587818 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2335340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of different vitamin B5 (VB5) levels on intestinal growth and function of weaned piglets. Twenty-one piglets (7.20 ± 1.11 kg) were included in a 28-day feeding trial with three treatments, including 0 mg/kg (L-VB5), 10 mg/kg (Control) and 50 mg/kg (H-VB5) of VB5 supplement. The results showed that: Large intestine weight/body weight was the highest in H-VB5 group, Control and H-VB5 groups had significantly higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth than the L-VB5 in the ileum (p < .05). Goblet cells (ileal crypt) and endocrine cells (ileal villus) significantly increased in Control and H-VB5 (p < .05). The H-VB5 group exhibited significantly higher levels of ki67 and crypt depth in the cecum and colon, colonic goblet cells and endocrine cells were both rising considerably (p < .05). Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly reduced in the H-VB5 group (p < .05), and there was a decreasing trend in butyric acid (p = .073). At the genus level, the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium_Sensu_Structo_1 Strecto_1, Terrisporbacter and Streptococcus decreased significantly and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Turicibacter increased significantly in H-VB5 group (p < .05). Overall, the addition of 50 mg/kg VB5 primarily enhanced the morphological structure, cell proliferation and differentiation of the ileum, cecum and colon. It also had a significant impact on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sun C, Liang J, Zheng J, Mao S, Chen S, Aikemu A, Liu C. Brown adipose Vanin-1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101884. [PMID: 38246587 PMCID: PMC10838954 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-dissipating brown adipocytes have significant potential for improving systemic metabolism. Vanin-1, a membrane-bound pantetheinase, is involved in various biological processes in mice. However, its role in BAT mitochondrial function is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of Vanin-1 on BAT function and contribution during overnutrition-induced obesity. METHODS Vanin-1 expression was analyzed in different adipose depots in mice. The cellular localization of Vanin-1 was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blots. Mice lacking Vanin-1 (Vanin-1-/-) were continuously fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an obesity model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the molecular changes associated with Vanin-1 deficiency during obesity. BAT-specific Vanin-1 overexpression mice were established to determine the effects of Vanin-1 in vivo. Cysteamine treatment was used to examine the effect of enzymatic reaction products of Vanin-1 on BAT mitochondria function in Vanin-1-/- mice. RESULTS The results indicate that the expression of Vanin-1 is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. Study on the subcellular location of Vanin-1 shows that it has a mitochondrial localization. Vanin-1 deficiency results in increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction, aberrant mitochondrial structure, and promotes HFD induced-BAT whitening. This is attributed to the impairment of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria due to Vanin-1 deficiency, resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Vanin-1 significantly enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in BAT, renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, treatment with cysteamine rescue the mitochondrial dysfunction in Vanin-1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that Vanin-1 plays a crucial role in promoting mitochondrial respiration to counteract diet-induced obesity, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Modernization Research, Development and Application of Hotan Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848099, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. B Vitamins, Glucoronolactone and the Immune System: Bioavailability, Doses and Efficiency. Nutrients 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38201854 PMCID: PMC10780850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding specific B vitamins: (1) Riboflavin is necessary for the optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the fight against bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. (2) Niacin administered within normal doses to obese rats can change the phenotype of skeletal fibers, and thereby affect muscle metabolism. This metabolic phenotype induced by niacin treatment is also confirmed by stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidative phosphorylation at this level. (3) Vitamin B5 effects depend primarily on the dose, thus large doses can cause diarrhea or functional disorders of the digestive tract whereas normal levels are effective in wound healing, liver detoxification, and joint health support. (4) High vitamin B6 concentrations (>2000 mg per day) have been shown to exert a significant negative impact on the dorsal root ganglia. Whereas, at doses of approximately 70 ng/mL, sensory symptoms were reported in 80% of cases. (5) Chronic increases in vitamin B12 have been associated with the increased incidence of solid cancers. Additionally, glucuronolactone, whose effects are not well known, represents a controversial compound. (6) Supplementing with D-glucarates, such as glucuronolactone, may help the body's natural defense system function better to inhibit different tumor promoters and carcinogens and their consequences. Cumulatively, the present review aims to evaluate the relationship between the selected B vitamins group, glucuronolactone, and the immune system and their associations to bioavailability, doses, and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Geng S, Chen D, Wang Y, Yu X, Zuo D, Lv X, Zhou X, Hu C, Yang X, Ma X, Hu W, Xi J, Yu S. Serum levels of Vanin-2 increase with obesity in relation to inflammation of adipose tissue and may be a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1270435. [PMID: 38156278 PMCID: PMC10753581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Excessive obesity can lead to dysfunction in adipose tissue, which contributes to the development of comorbidities associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, among others. Previous research has mainly focused on the Vanin family in systemic inflammatory diseases or predicting its role in tumor prognosis, while neglecting its role as a secretory protein in adipose tissue inflammation and metabolism. The objective of this study was to compare the changes in Vanin-2 levels in the circulating blood of normal and obese individuals, and to assess its correlation with inflammatory factors in vivo. Furthermore, the study aimed to systematically evaluate its effectiveness in human weight loss surgery. Methods Serum concentrations of Vanin-2 and inflammatory indicators were measured in 518 volunteers. Furthermore, the concentrations of Vanin-2 were measured both before and after weight loss through a dietetic program or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Additionally, we assessed the levels of insulin, adiponectin, and inflammation-related factors. The hormonal profile and changes in body weight were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Results Serum levels of Vanin-2 were found to be significantly increased in individuals with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) group (controls 438.98 ± 72.44, OW/OB 530.89 ± 79.39 ug/L; p < 0.001). These increased levels were associated with IL-18, BMI, FAT%, and HOMA-IR. However, levels of Vanin-2 remained unchanged after conventional dietary treatment. On the other hand, weight loss induced by LSG resulted in a significant decrease in Vanin-2 concentrations from 586.44 ± 48.84 to 477.67 ± 30.27 ug/L (p < 0.001), and this decrease was associated with the Vanin-2 concentrations observed before the operation. Conclusion Serum Vanin-2 is a highly effective biomarker for assessing adipose tissue inflammation in obesity and has the potential to serve as a predictor of bariatric surgery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Geng
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingrui Yu
- Institute of Information, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinlu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengju Hu
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xujue Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazhuang Xi
- The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Freese R, Aarsland TE, Bjørkevoll M. Pantothenic acid - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10255. [PMID: 38187802 PMCID: PMC10770646 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pantothenic acid, also referred to as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that has essential functions in the body as a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein (ACP). It is widely distributed in animal and plant-source foods. Nutritional deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare and toxicity negligible. Information on pantothenic acid intakes in the Nordic countries is limited and biomarker data from Nordic and Baltic populations is missing. Due to a lack of data, no dietary reference values (DRVs) were given for pantothenic acid in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) since 2012. The aim of this scoping review was to examine recent evidence relevant for updating the DRVs for NNR2023. Scientific literature since 2012 on associations of pantothenic acid with health-related issues in Nordic and Baltic countries was searched. No health concerns related to pantothenic acid were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Freese
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tonje E. Aarsland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maja Bjørkevoll
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Miallot R, Millet V, Galland F, Naquet P. The vitamin B5/coenzyme A axis: A target for immunomodulation? Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350435. [PMID: 37482959 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) serves as a vital cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions involved in energy production, lipid metabolism, and synthesis of essential molecules. Dysregulation of CoA-dependent metabolic pathways can contribute to chronic diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. Additionally, CoA influences immune cell activation by modulating the metabolism of these cells, thereby affecting their proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. Targeting CoA metabolism presents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention, as it can potentially restore metabolic balance, mitigate chronic inflammation, and enhance immune cell function. This might ultimately improve the management and outcomes for these diseases. This review will more specifically focus on the contribution of pathways regulating the availability of the CoA precursor Vitamin B5/pantothenate in vivo and modulating the development of Th17-mediated inflammation, CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity but also tissue repair processes in chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases.
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Cui S, Guo S, Zhao Q, Li Y, Ma Y, Yu Y. Alterations of microbiota and metabolites in the feces of calves with diarrhea associated with rotavirus and coronavirus infections. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159637. [PMID: 37601373 PMCID: PMC10434556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota and metabolites have been linked to digestive disorders in calves, especially neonatal calf diarrhea. Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are known to be the primary culprits behind neonatal calf diarrhea. In this study, we analyzed changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolites of calves with neonatal diarrhea associated with BRV and BCoV infection using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics technology. The microbial diversity in the feces of calves infected with BRV and BCoV with diarrhea decreased significantly, and the composition changed significantly. The significant increase of Fusobacterium and the reductions of some bacteria genera, including Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Parabacteroides, Collinsella, and Olsenella, etc., were closely related to diarrhea associated with BRV and BCoV infection. Metabolites in the feces of BRV and BCoV-infected calves with diarrhea were significantly changed. Phosphatidylcholine [PC; 16:1(9 Z)/16:1(9 Z)], lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE; 0:0/22:0), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC; P-16:0) and LysoPE (0:0/18:0) were significantly higher in the feces of BRV-infected calves with diarrhea. In contrast, some others, such as desthiobiotin, were significantly lower. BRV infection affects glycerophospholipid metabolism and biotin metabolism in calves. Two differential metabolites were significantly increased, and 67 differential metabolites were significantly reduced in the feces of BCoV-infected calves with diarrhea. Seven significantly reduced metabolites, including deoxythymidylic acid (DTMP), dihydrobiopterin, dihydroneopterin triphosphate, cortexolone, cortisol, pantetheine, and pregnenolone sulfate, were enriched in the folate biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. The decrease in these metabolites was closely associated with increased harmful bacteria and reduced commensal bacteria. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid and propionic acid in the feces of BRV and BCoV-infected calves with diarrhea was lower than that of healthy calves, which was associated with the depletion of SCFAs-producing bacteria such as Parabacteroides, Fournierella, and Collinsella. The present study showed that BRV and BCoV infections changed the composition of the calf fecal microbiota and were associated with changes in fecal metabolites. This study lays the foundation for further revealing the roles of intestinal microbiota in neonatal calf diarrhea associated with BRV and BCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Cui
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingmei Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yongtao Yu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding in Ningxia, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Yu W, Hu S, Yang R, Lin L, Mao C, Jin M, Gu Y, Li G, Jiang B, Gong Y, Lu E. Upregulated Vanins and their potential contribution to periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:614. [PMID: 36527111 PMCID: PMC9758802 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Vanins are closely related to neutrophil regulation and response to oxidative stress, and play essential roles in inflammatory diseases with clinical significance, their contribution to periodontitis remains to be determined. This research was designed to assess the expression of Vanins in human gingiva, and to define the relationship between Vanins and periodontitis. METHODS Forty-eight patients with periodontitis and forty-two periodontal healthy individuals were enrolled for gingival tissue sample collection. Expression levels of VNN1, VNN2 and VNN3 were evaluated by RT-qPCR and validated in datasets GSE10334 and GSE16134. Western blot and immunohistochemistry identified specific proteins within gingiva. The histopathological changes in gingival sections were investigated using HE staining. Correlations between Vanins and clinical parameters, PD and CAL; between Vanins and inflammation, IL1B; and between Vanins and MPO in periodontitis were investigated by Spearman's correlation analysis respectively. Associations between VNN2 and indicators of neutrophil adherence and migration were further validated in two datasets. RESULTS Vanins were at higher concentrations in diseased gingival tissues in both RT-qPCR and dataset analysis (p < 0.01). Assessment using western blot and immunohistochemistry presented significant upregulations of VNN1 and VNN2 in periodontitis (p < 0.05). The higher expression levels of Vanins, the larger the observed periodontal parameters PD and CAL (p < 0.05), and IL1B (p < 0.001). Moreover, positive correlations existed between VNN2 and MPO, and between VNN2 and neutrophil-related indicators. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated upregulation of Vanins in periodontitis and the potential contribution of VNN2 to periodontitis through neutrophils-related pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Yu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Shucheng Hu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Ruhan Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Lu Lin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Chuanyuan Mao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Min Jin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yuting Gu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Guanglong Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Bin Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yuhua Gong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Eryi Lu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
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Mosaad YO, Hussein MA, Ateyya H, Mohamed AH, Ali AA, Ramadan Youssuf A, Wink M, El-Kholy AA. Vanin 1 Gene Role in Modulation of iNOS/MCP-1/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Obese Diabetic Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6745-6759. [PMID: 36540060 PMCID: PMC9760040 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cysteamine, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, is produced mostly by the vanin-1 with pantetheinase activity. With regard to glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors, the current study sought to evaluate the association between the expression of the vanin-1 gene, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and iNOS signaling pathway in obese diabetic patients. METHODS We enrolled 67 male subjects with an average age of 53.5 ± 5.0 years, divided into 4 groups according to the WHO guideline. We determined their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IRI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, TNF- α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, SOD, CAT, and TBARs, as well as expression of the iNOS and Vanin1 genes. RESULTS Overweight and obese class I and II diabetics had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, CAT, and TBAR as well as iNOS and vanin-1 gene expression compared to healthy control individuals. In addition, as compared to healthy control individuals, overweight obese class I and II diabetics' plasma HDL-C levels and blood SOD activity were significantly lower. In addition, ultrasound and computed tomography showed that the presence of a mild obscuring fatty liver with mild hepatic echogenicity appeared in overweight, class I and II obese diabetic patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide important information for understanding the correlation between Vanin 1 and glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors in obese patients. Furthermore, US and CT analysis were performed to visualize the observed images of fatty liver due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser O Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy, Practice & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Science, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ateyya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Mohamed
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Ali A Ali
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ramadan Youssuf
- Consultant and Head of Cardiology Department, AL-AHRAR Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hong Y, Zhou Z, Zhang N, He Q, Guo Z, Liu L, Song Y, Chen P, Wei Y, Xu Q, Li Y, Wang B, Qin X, Xu X, Duan Y. Association between plasma Vitamin B5 levels and all-cause mortality: A nested case-control study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:945-954. [PMID: 35699663 PMCID: PMC9278592 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the prospective association of vitamin B5 with all‐cause mortality and explore its potential modifiers in Chinese adults with hypertension. A nested, case‐control study was conducted in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial, including 505 deaths of all causes and 505 matched controls. The median follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. The primary outcome measure in this investigation was all‐cause mortality, which encompassed deaths for any reason. The mean plasma vitamin B5 concentration for cases (43.7 ng/mL) was higher than that in controls (40.9 ng/mL) (p = .001). When vitamin B5 was further assessed as quintiles, compared with the reference group (Q1: < 33.0 ng/mL), the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 29% (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.83‐2.01) in Q2, 22% (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.94) in Q3, 62% (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.62) in Q4, and 77% (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.95) in Q5. The trend test was significant (p = .022). When Q4‐Q5 were combined, a significant 41% increment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.95) in all‐cause death risk was found compared with Q1‐Q3. The adverse effects were more pronounced in those with normal folate levels (p‐interaction = .019) and older people (p‐interaction = .037). This study suggests that higher baseline levels of plasma vitamin B5 are a risk factor for all‐cause mortality among Chinese patients with hypertension, especially among older adults and those with adequate folate levels. The findings, if confirmed, may inform novel clinical and nutritional guidelines and interventions to optimize vitamin B5 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangyou Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
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11
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Zhai H, Huang L, Gong Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Li X, Peng C, Li T. Human Plasma Transcriptome Implicates Dysregulated S100A12 Expression: A Strong, Early-Stage Prognostic Factor in ST-Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction: Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Verification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:874436. [PMID: 35722095 PMCID: PMC9200219 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.874436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of blood transcriptome analysis to identify dysregulated pathways and outcome-related genes following myocardial infarction remains unknown. Two gene expression datasets (GSE60993 and GSE61144) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Datasets to identify altered plasma transcriptomes in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. GEO2R, Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotations, protein–protein interaction analysis, etc., were adopted to determine functional roles and regulatory networks of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Dysregulated expressomes were verified at transcriptional and translational levels by analyzing the GSE49925 dataset and our own samples, respectively. A total of 91 DEGs were identified in the discovery phase, consisting of 15 downregulated genes and 76 upregulated genes. Two hub modules consisting of 12 hub genes were identified. In the verification phase, six of the 12 hub genes exhibited the same variation patterns at the transcriptional level in the GSE49925 dataset. Among them, S100A12 was shown to have the best discriminative performance for predicting in-hospital mortality and to be the only independent predictor of death during follow-up. Validation of 223 samples from our center showed that S100A12 protein level in plasma was significantly lower among patients who survived to discharge, but it was not an independent predictor of survival to discharge or recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events after discharge. In conclusion, the dysregulated expression of plasma S100A12 at the transcriptional level is a robust early prognostic factor in patients with STEMI, while the discrimination power of the protein level in plasma needs to be further verified by large-scale, prospective, international, multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhai
- Department of Heart Center, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hu Zhai,
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Heart Center, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijie Gong
- The Third Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingwu Liu
- Department of Heart Center, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Heart Center, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bojiang Liu
- Department of Heart Center, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiandong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Chunyan Peng,
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Heart Center, The Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
- Tong Li,
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12
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Bilteanu L, Serban AI. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114175. [PMID: 35151223 PMCID: PMC8813210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
oxidative stress is caused by an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species, associated to a diminished capacity of the endogenous systems of the organism to counteract them. Activation of pro-oxidative pathways and boosting of inflammatory cytokines are always encountered in viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. So, the importance of counteracting cytokine storm in COVID-19 pathology is highly important, to hamper the immunogenic damage of the endothelium and alveolar membranes. Antioxidants prevent oxidative processes, by impeding radical species generation. It has been proved that vitamin intake lowers oxidative stress markers, alleviates cytokine storm and has a potential role in reducing disease severity, by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines, hampering hyperinflammation and organ failure. For the approached compounds, direct antiviral roles are also discussed in this review, as these activities encompass secretion of antiviral peptides, modulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor expression and interaction with spike protein, inactivation of furin protease, or inhibition of pathogen replication by nucleic acid impairment induction. Vitamin administration results in beneficial effects. Nevertheless, timing, dosage and mutual influences of these micronutrients should be carefullly regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A, Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Preclinical Sciences, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania; University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Blvd, Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Soler DC, Kerstetter-Fogle A, Young AB, Rayman P, Finke JH, Debanne SM, Cooper KD, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Sloan AE, McCormick TS. Healthy myeloid-derived suppressor cells express the surface ectoenzyme Vanin-2 (VNN2). Mol Immunol 2022; 142:1-10. [PMID: 34953280 PMCID: PMC8800381 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Study of human monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor cells Mo-MDSC (CD14+ HLA-DRneg/low) has been hampered by the lack of positive cell-surface markers. In order to identify positive markers for Mo-MDSC, we performed microarray analysis comparing Mo-MDSC cells from healthy subjects versus CD14+ HLA-DRhigh monocytes. We have identified the surface ectoenzyme Vanin-2(VNN2) protein as a novel biomarker highly-enriched in healthy subjects Mo-MDSC. Indeed, healthy subjects Mo-MDSC cells expressed 68 % VNN2, whereas only 9% VNN2 expression was observed on CD14+ HLA-DRhigh cells (n = 4 p < 0.01). The top 10 percent positive VNN2 monocytes expressed CD33 and CD11b while being negative for HLA-DR, CD3, CD15, CD19 and CD56, consistent with a Mo-MDSC phenotype. CD14+VNN2high monocytes were able to inhibit CD8 T cell proliferation comparably to traditional Mo-MDSC at 51 % and 48 % respectively. However, VNN2 expression on CD14+ monocytes from glioma patients was inversely correlated to their grade. CD14+VNN2high monocytes thus appear to mark a monocytic population similar to Mo-MDSC only in healthy subjects, which may be useful for tumor diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Soler
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, and the Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,University Hospitals-Seidman Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Amber Kerstetter-Fogle
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, and the Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,University Hospitals-Seidman Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Andrew B. Young
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
| | - Pat Rayman
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - James H. Finke
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Sarah M. Debanne
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
| | - Kevin D. Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
| | - Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, and the Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,University Hospitals-Seidman Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
| | - Andrew E. Sloan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, and the Center of Excellence for Translational Neuro-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,University Hospitals-Seidman Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals-Cleveland Medical Center and the Case Western University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
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14
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Tian Z, Yan F, Tian X, Feng L, Cui J, Deng S, Zhang B, Xie T, Huang S, Ma X. A NIR fluorescent probe for Vanin-1 and its applications in imaging, kidney injury diagnosis, and the development of inhibitor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:316-325. [PMID: 35127388 PMCID: PMC8799884 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanin-1 is an amidohydrolase that catalyses the conversion of pantetheine into the amino-thiol cysteamine and pantothenic acid (coenzyme A precursor), which plays a vital role in multiple physiological and pathological processes. In this study, an enzyme-activated near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (DDAV) has been constructed for sensitively detecting Vanin-1 activity in complicated biosamples on the basis of its catalytic characteristics. DDAV exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity toward Vanin-1 and was successfully applied to the early diagnosis of kidney injury in cisplatin-induced kidney injury model. In addition, DDAV could serve as a visual tool for in situ imaging endogenous Vanin-1 in vivo. More importantly, Enterococcus faecalis 20247 which possessed high expression of Vanin-1 was screened out from intestinal bacteria using DDAV, provided useful guidance for the rational use of NSAIDs in clinic. Finally, oleuropein as a potent natural inhibitor for Vanin-1 was discovered from herbal medicines library using a high-throughput screening method using DDAV, which held great promise for clinical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease.
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15
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Casimiro-Garcia A, Allais C, Brennan A, Choi C, Dower G, Farley KA, Fleming M, Flick A, Frisbie RK, Hall J, Hepworth D, Jones H, Knafels JD, Kortum S, Lovering FE, Mathias JP, Mohan S, Morgan PM, Parng C, Parris K, Pullen N, Schlerman F, Stansfield J, Strohbach JW, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wang H, Wang X, Webster R, Wright SW. Discovery of a Series of Pyrimidine Carboxamides as Inhibitors of Vanin-1. J Med Chem 2021; 65:757-784. [PMID: 34967602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A diaryl ketone series was identified as vanin-1 inhibitors from a high-throughput screening campaign. While this novel scaffold provided valuable probe 2 that was used to build target confidence, concerns over the ketone moiety led to the replacement of this group. The successful replacement of this moiety was achieved with pyrimidine carboxamides derived from cyclic secondary amines that were extensively characterized using biophysical and crystallographic methods as competitive inhibitors of vanin-1. Through optimization of potency and physicochemical and ADME properties, and guided by co-crystal structures with vanin-1, 3 was identified with a suitable profile for advancement into preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Casimiro-Garcia
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christophe Allais
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Agnes Brennan
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gabriela Dower
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kathleen A Farley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Margaret Fleming
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Richard K Frisbie
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin Hall
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Hepworth
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hannah Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steve Kortum
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Frank E Lovering
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John P Mathias
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sashi Mohan
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul M Morgan
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chuenlei Parng
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin Parris
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nick Pullen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Franklin Schlerman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Stansfield
- Early Clinical Development Non-Clinical Statistics, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph W Strohbach
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Felix F Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaolun Wang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Webster
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen W Wright
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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16
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GPI-80 Augments NF-κB Activation in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112027. [PMID: 34769456 PMCID: PMC8584666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered a relationship between glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein 80 (GPI-80)/VNN2 (80 kDa GPI-anchored protein) and malignant tumors. GPI-80 is known to regulate neutrophil adhesion; however, the action of GPI-80 on tumors is still obscure. In this study, although the expression of GPI-80 mRNA was detectable in several tumor cell lines, the levels of GPI-80 protein were significantly lower than that in neutrophils. To clarify the function of GPI-80 in tumor cells, GPI-80-expressing cells and GPI-80/VNN2 gene-deleted cells were established using PC3 prostate cancer cells. In GPI-80-expressing cells, GPI-80 was mainly detected in vesicles. Furthermore, soluble GPI-80 in the conditioned medium was associated with the exosome marker CD63 and was also detected in the plasma obtained from prostate cancer patients. Unexpectedly, cell adhesion and migration of GPI-80-expressing PC3 cells were not modulated by anti-GPI-80 antibody treatment. However, similar to the GPI-80 family molecule, VNN1, the pantetheinase activity and oxidative state were augmented in GPI-80-expressing cells. GPI-80-expressing cells facilitated non-adhesive proliferation, slow cell proliferation, NF-κB activation and IL-1β production. These phenomena are known to be induced by physiological elevation of the oxidative state. Thus, these observations indicated that GPI-80 affects various tumor responses related to oxidation.
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17
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Caffaratti C, Plazy C, Mery G, Tidjani AR, Fiorini F, Thiroux S, Toussaint B, Hannani D, Le Gouellec A. What We Know So Far about the Metabolite-Mediated Microbiota-Intestinal Immunity Dialogue and How to Hear the Sound of This Crosstalk. Metabolites 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 34205653 PMCID: PMC8234899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms, termed the "microbiota", reside in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, and collectively participate in regulating the host phenotype. It is now clear that the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal immune function are correlated, and that alterations of the complex and dynamic host-microbiota interactions can have deep consequences for host health. However, the mechanisms by which the immune system regulates the microbiota and by which the microbiota shapes host immunity are still not fully understood. This article discusses the contribution of metabolites in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and immune cells. The identification of key metabolites having a causal effect on immune responses and of the mechanisms involved can contribute to a deeper insight into host-microorganism relationships. This will allow a better understanding of the correlation between dysbiosis, microbial-based dysmetabolism, and pathogenesis, thus creating opportunities to develop microbiota-based therapeutics to improve human health. In particular, we systematically review the role of soluble and membrane-bound microbial metabolites in modulating host immunity in the gut, and of immune cells-derived metabolites affecting the microbiota, while discussing evidence of the bidirectional impact of this crosstalk. Furthermore, we discuss the potential strategies to hear the sound of such metabolite-mediated crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Caffaratti
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Caroline Plazy
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Geoffroy Mery
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Department of Infectiology-Pneumology, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Abdoul-Razak Tidjani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Federica Fiorini
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Sarah Thiroux
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Toussaint
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dalil Hannani
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- Faculty of Medicine, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, TIMC (UMR5525), 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (C.P.); (G.M.); (A.-R.T.); (S.T.); (B.T.)
- Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire Toxicologie Environnementale, UM Biochimie des Enzymes et des Protéines, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Plateforme de Métabolomique GEMELI-GExiM, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
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Hahn AK, Wallace CW, Welhaven HD, Brooks E, McAlpine M, Christiansen BA, Walk ST, June RK. The microbiome mediates epiphyseal bone loss and metabolomic changes after acute joint trauma in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:882-893. [PMID: 33744432 PMCID: PMC8693703 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the early responses to joint injury in conventional and germ-free mice. DESIGN Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was induced using a non-invasive anterior cruciate ligament rupture model in 20-week old germ-free (GF) and conventional C57BL/6 mice. Injury was induced in the left knees of n = 8 GF and n = 10 conventional mice. To examine the effects of injury, n = 5 GF and n = 9 conventional naïve control mice were used. Mice were euthanized 7 days post-injury, followed by synovial fluid recovery for global metabolomic profiling and analysis of epiphyseal trabecular bone by micro-computed tomography (μCT). Global metabolomic profiling assessed metabolic differences in the joint response to injury between GF and conventional mice. Magnitude of trabecular bone volume loss measured using μCT assessed early OA progression in GF and conventional mice. RESULTS μCT found that GF mice had significantly less trabecular bone loss compared to conventional mice, indicating that the GF status was protective against early OA changes in bone structure. Global metabolomic profiling showed that conventional mice had greater variability in their metabolic response to injury, and a more distinct joint metabolome compared to their corresponding controls. Furthermore, differences in the response to injury in GF compared to conventional mice were linked to mouse metabolic pathways that regulate inflammation associated with the innate immune system. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the gut microbiota promote the development of PTOA during the acute phase following joint trauma possibly through the regulation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Hahn
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Carroll College, Helena, MT, 59625, USA
| | - C W Wallace
- Montana WWAMI, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - H D Welhaven
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Carroll College, Helena, MT, 59625, USA
| | - E Brooks
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - M McAlpine
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - B A Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - S T Walk
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - R K June
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA; Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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19
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Genome-wide bioinformatic analyses predict key host and viral factors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:590. [PMID: 34002013 PMCID: PMC8128904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) after emerging in Wuhan, China. Here we analyzed public host and viral RNA sequencing data to better understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with human respiratory cells. We identified genes, isoforms and transposable element families that are specifically altered in SARS-CoV-2-infected respiratory cells. Well-known immunoregulatory genes including CSF2, IL32, IL-6 and SERPINA3 were differentially expressed, while immunoregulatory transposable element families were upregulated. We predicted conserved interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 genome and human RNA-binding proteins such as the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (eIF4b). We also identified a viral sequence variant with a statistically significant skew associated with age of infection, that may contribute to intracellular host-pathogen interactions. These findings can help identify host mechanisms that can be targeted by prophylactics and/or therapeutics to reduce the severity of COVID-19.
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20
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The hematopoietic stem cell marker VNN2 is associated with chemoresistance in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4052-4064. [PMID: 32853382 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most relapses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occur in patients with a medium risk (MR) for relapse on the Associazione Italiana di Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica and Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (AIEOP-BFM) ALL protocol, based on persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD). New insights into biological features that are associated with MRD are needed. Here, we identify the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein vanin-2 (VNN2; GPI-80) by charting the cell surface proteome of MRD very high-risk (HR) B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL using a chemoproteomics strategy. The correlation between VNN2 transcript and surface protein expression enabled a retrospective analysis (ALL-BFM 2000; N = 770 cases) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to confirm the association of VNN2 with MRD and independent prediction of worse outcome. Using flow cytometry, we detected VNN2 expression in 2 waves, in human adult bone marrow stem and progenitor cells and in the mature myeloid compartment, in line with proposed roles for fetal hematopoietic stem cells and inflammation. Prospective validation by flow cytometry in the ongoing clinical trial (AIEOP-BFM 2009) identified 10% (103/1069) of VNN2+ BCP ALL patients at first diagnosis, primarily in the MRD MR (48/103, 47%) and HR (37/103, 36%) groups, across various cytogenetic subtypes. We also detected frequent mutations in epigenetic regulators in VNN2+ ALLs, including histone H3 methyltransferases MLL2, SETD2, and EZH2 and demethylase KDM6A. Inactivation of the VNN2 gene did not impair leukemia repopulation capacity in xenografts. Taken together, VNN2 marks a cellular state of increased resistance to chemotherapy that warrants further investigations. Therefore, this marker should be included in diagnostic flow cytometry panels.
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21
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Plasma Vanin-1 as a Novel Biomarker of Sepsis for Trauma Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:739-751. [PMID: 33624223 PMCID: PMC8116364 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vanin-1 plays a pivotal role in oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. However, its relationship with traumatic sepsis remains unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether plasma vanin-1 could be used for the early prediction of traumatic sepsis. Methods In this three-stage prospective cohort study, severe trauma patients admitted from January 2015 to October 2018 at two hospitals were enrolled. Plasma vanin-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The associations among variables and traumatic sepsis were identified by logistic regression models and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency. Results A total of 426 trauma patients (22 in the discovery cohort, 283 in the internal test cohort, and 121 in the external validation cohort) and 16 healthy volunteers were recruited. The plasma vanin-1 of trauma patients was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). Patients with sepsis had higher plasma vanin-1 than patients without sepsis in the discovery trauma cohort (P < 0.05). In the internal test cohort, plasma vanin-1 at day 1 after trauma was significantly associated with the incidence of sepsis (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 2.68–5.72, P = 1.62 × 10−12). As a predictive biomarker, vanin-1 afforded a better area under the curve (AUC) (0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.87) than C-reaction protein (CRP) (0.62, 95% CI 0.56–0.68, P < 0.0001), procalcitonin (PCT) (0.66, 95% CI 0.60–0.71, P < 0.0001), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (0.71, 95% CI 0.65–0.76, P = 6.70 × 10−3). The relevance was further validated in the external validation cohort (OR = 4.26, 95% CI 2.22–8.17, P = 1.28 × 10−5), with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.89). Vanin-1 could also improve the diagnostic efficiency of APACHE II (AUC = 0.85). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that plasma vanin-1 increased among trauma patients and was independently associated with the risk of sepsis. Vanin-1 might be a potential biomarker for the early prediction of traumatic sepsis. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier, NCT01713205. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-021-00414-w.
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Diel de Amorim M, Khan FA, Chenier TS, Scholtz EL, Hayes MA. Analysis of the uterine flush fluid proteome of healthy mares and mares with endometritis or fibrotic endometrial degeneration. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:572-581. [PMID: 31987068 DOI: 10.1071/rd19085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the uterine flush fluid proteome between healthy mares and mares with endometritis or fibrotic endometrial degeneration (FED). Uterine flush fluid samples were collected from healthy mares (n=8; oestrus n=5 and dioestrus n=3) and mares with endometritis (n=23; oestrus n=14 and dioestrus n=9) or FED (n=7; oestrus n=6 and dioestrus n=1). Proteomic analysis was performed using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Of 216 proteins identified during oestrus, 127 were common to all three groups, one protein was exclusively detected in healthy mares, 47 proteins were exclusively detected in mares with endometritis and four proteins were exclusively detected in mares with FED. Of 188 proteins identified during dioestrus, 113 proteins were common between healthy mares and mares with endometritis, eight proteins were exclusively detected in healthy mares and 67 proteins were exclusively detected in mares with endometritis. Quantitative analysis revealed a subset of proteins differing in abundance between the three groups during oestrus and between healthy mares and mares with endometritis during dioestrus. These results provide a springboard for evaluation of specific proteins as biomarkers of uterine health and disease and for investigation of their roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Diel de Amorim
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada; and Present address: Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Firdous A Khan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada; and Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada; and Present address: Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Tracey S Chenier
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L Scholtz
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - M Anthony Hayes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
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Unterschemmann K, Ehrmann A, Herzig I, Andreevski AL, Lustig K, Schmeck C, Eitner F, Grundmann M. Pharmacological inhibition of Vanin-1 is not protective in models of acute and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F61-F73. [PMID: 33196323 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00373.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key concept in basic, translational, and clinical research to understand the pathophysiology of various disorders, including cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although attempts to directly reduce oxidative stress with redox-active substances have until now largely failed to prove clinical benefit, indirect approaches to combat oxidative stress enzymatically have gained further attention as potential therapeutic strategies. The pantetheinase Vanin-1 is expressed on kidney proximal tubular cells, and its reaction product cysteamine is described to negatively affect redox homeostasis by inhibiting the replenishment of cellular antioxidative glutathione stores. Vanin-1-deficient mice were shown to be protected against oxidative stress damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether pharmacological inhibition of Vanin-1 protects mice from oxidative stress-related acute or chronic kidney injury as well. By studying renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Col4α3-/- (Alport syndrome) mice and in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation in human proximal tubular cells we found that treatment with a selective and potent Vanin-1 inhibitor resulted in ample inhibition of enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo. However, surrogate parameters of metabolic and redox homeostasis were only partially and insufficiently affected. Consequently, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species level in tubular cells as well as overall kidney function and fibrotic processes were not improved by Vanin-1 inhibition. We thus conclude that Vanin-1 functionality in the context of cardiovascular diseases needs further investigation and the biological relevance of pharmacological Vanin-1 inhibition for the treatment of kidney diseases remains to be proven.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/enzymology
- Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
- Acute Kidney Injury/pathology
- Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control
- Amidohydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amidohydrolases/genetics
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Collagen Type IV/genetics
- Collagen Type IV/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibrosis
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/enzymology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nephritis, Hereditary/enzymology
- Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics
- Nephritis, Hereditary/pathology
- Nephritis, Hereditary/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/enzymology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control
- Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ina Herzig
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Klemens Lustig
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmeck
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
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24
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Gurung AB, Bhutia JT, Bhattacharjee A. High-throughput virtual screening of novel potent inhibitor(s) for Human Vanin-1 enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4208-4223. [PMID: 33289461 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1854857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vanin-1 (VNN1) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzyme which hydrolyzes pantetheine to pantothenic acid and cysteamine. It has emerged as a promising drug target for many human diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In the present study we used structure-based virtual screening approach for the identification of small molecule inhibitors of vanin-1. A chemical library consisting of natural compounds, synthetic compounds and RRV analogs were screened for drug-like molecules. The filtered molecules were subjected to molecular docking studies. Three potential hits-ZINC04073864 (Natural compound), CID227017 (synthetic compound) and CID129558381 (RRV analog)-were identified for the target enzyme. The molecules form good number of hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues such as Glu79, Lys178 and Cys211. The apo-VNN1 and VNN1-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 30 ns. The geometric properties such as root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, solvent accessible surface area, number of hydrogen bonds and the distance between the catalytic triad residues-Glu79, Lys178 and Cys211 were altered upon binding of the compounds. Essential dynamics and entropic studies further confirmed that the fluctuations in VNN1 decrease upon binding of the compounds. The lead molecules were stable throughout the simulation time period. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) studies showed that Van der Waals interaction energy contributes significantly to the total binding free energy. Thus, our study reveals three lead molecules-ZINC04073864, CID227017 and CID129558381 as potential inhibitors of Vanin-1 which can be validated through further studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.,Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Jigmi Tshering Bhutia
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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B Vitamins and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113380. [PMID: 33158037 PMCID: PMC7693142 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B group vitamins represent essential micronutrients for myriad metabolic and regulatory processes required for human health, serving as cofactors used by hundreds of enzymes that carry out essential functions such as energy metabolism, DNA and protein synthesis and other critical functions. B vitamins and their corresponding vitamers are universally essential for all cellular life forms, from bacteria to humans. Humans are unable to synthesize most B vitamins and are therefore dependent on their diet for these essential micronutrients. More recently, another source of B vitamins has been identified which is derived from portions of the 1013 bacterial cells inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Here we review the expanding literature examining the relationship between B vitamins and the immune system and diverse cancers. Evidence of B vitamin’s role in immune cell regulation has accumulated in recent years and may help to clarify the disparate findings of numerous studies attempting to link B vitamins to cancer development. Much work remains to be carried out to fully clarify these relationships as the complexity of B vitamins’ essential functions complicates an unequivocal assessment of their beneficial or detrimental effects in inflammation and cancers.
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26
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Identification of a Profile of Neutrophil-Derived Granule Proteins in the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles after Their Interaction with Human Breast Cancer Sera. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061223. [PMID: 32586001 PMCID: PMC7353125 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the interaction of a nanomaterial with a biological fluid leads to the formation of a protein corona (PC) surrounding the nanomaterial. Using standard blood analyses, alterations in protein patterns are difficult to detect. PC acts as a “nano-concentrator” of serum proteins with affinity for nanoparticles’ surface. Consequently, characterization of PC could allow detection of otherwise undetectable changes in protein concentration at an early stage of a disease, such as breast cancer (BC). Here, we employed gold nanoparticles (AuNPsdiameter: 10.02 ± 0.91 nm) as an enrichment platform to analyze the human serum proteome of BC patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 42). Importantly, the analysis of the PC formed around AuNPs after their interaction with serum samples of BC patients showed a profile of proteins that could differentiate breast cancer patients from healthy controls. These proteins developed a significant role in the immune and/or innate immune system, some of them being neutrophil-derived granule proteins. The analysis of the PC also revealed serum proteome alterations at the subtype level.
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27
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The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients without Manifest Cardiovascular Diseases: Never-ending Hope or Underestimated Effect? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071717. [PMID: 32283588 PMCID: PMC7181162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been speculated that additional intake of vitamins may reduce the CVD burden by acting on the inflammatory and oxidative response starting from early stages of atherosclerosis, when the vascular impairment might still be reversible or, at least, slowed down. The current review assesses the role of major vitamins on subclinical atherosclerosis process and the potential clinical implications in patients without CVD. We have comprehensively examined the literature data for the major vitamins: A, B group, C, D, and E, respectively. Most data are based on vitamin E, D and C supplementation, while vitamins A and B have been scarcely examined for the subclinical atherosclerosis action. Though the fundamental premise was optimistic, the up-to-date trials with vitamin supplementation revealed divergent results on subclinical atherosclerosis improvement, both in healthy subjects and patients with CVD, while the long-term effect seems minimal. Thus, there are no conclusive data on the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis based on vitamin supplementation. However, given their enormous potential, future trials are certainly needed for a more tailored CVD prevention focusing on early stages as subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Naquet P, Kerr EW, Vickers SD, Leonardi R. Regulation of coenzyme A levels by degradation: the 'Ins and Outs'. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101028. [PMID: 32234503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is the predominant acyl carrier in mammalian cells and a cofactor that plays a key role in energy and lipid metabolism. CoA and its thioesters (acyl-CoAs) regulate a multitude of metabolic processes at different levels: as substrates, allosteric modulators, and via post-translational modification of histones and other non-histone proteins. Evidence is emerging that synthesis and degradation of CoA are regulated in a manner that enables metabolic flexibility in different subcellular compartments. Degradation of CoA occurs through distinct intra- and extracellular pathways that rely on the activity of specific hydrolases. The pantetheinase enzymes specifically hydrolyze pantetheine to cysteamine and pantothenate, the last step in the extracellular degradation pathway for CoA. This reaction releases pantothenate in the bloodstream, making this CoA precursor available for cellular uptake and de novo CoA synthesis. Intracellular degradation of CoA depends on specific mitochondrial and peroxisomal Nudix hydrolases. These enzymes are also active against a subset of acyl-CoAs and play a key role in the regulation of subcellular (acyl-)CoA pools and CoA-dependent metabolic reactions. The evidence currently available indicates that the extracellular and intracellular (acyl-)CoA degradation pathways are regulated in a coordinated and opposite manner by the nutritional state and maximize the changes in the total intracellular CoA levels that support the metabolic switch between fed and fasted states in organs like the liver. The objective of this review is to update the contribution of these pathways to the regulation of metabolism, physiology and pathology and to highlight the many questions that remain open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Schuyler D Vickers
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States of America.
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Cui Y, Cao K, Lin H, Cui S, Shen C, Wen W, Mo H, Dong Z, Bai S, Yang L, Shi Y, Zhang R. Early-Life Stress Induces Depression-Like Behavior and Synaptic-Plasticity Changes in a Maternal Separation Rat Model: Gender Difference and Metabolomics Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:102. [PMID: 32174832 PMCID: PMC7055479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 300 million people suffer from depressive disorders globally. People under early-life stress (ELS) are reportedly vulnerable to depression in their adulthood, and synaptic plasticity can be the molecular mechanism underlying such depression. Herein, we simulated ELS by using a maternal separation (MS) model and evaluated the behavior of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in adulthood through behavioral examination, including sucrose preference, forced swimming, and open-field tests. The behavior tests showed that SD rats in the MS group were more susceptible to depression- and anxiety-like behaviors than did the non-MS (NMS) group. Nissl staining analysis indicated a significant reduction in the number of neurons at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, including the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions of SD rats in the MS group. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the percentages of synaptophysin-positive area in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (including the CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions) slice of the MS group significantly decreased compared with those of the NMS group. Western blot analysis was used to assess synaptic-plasticity protein markers, including postsynaptic density 95, synaptophysin, and growth-associated binding protein 43 protein expression in the cortex and hippocampus. Results showed that the expression levels of these three proteins in the MS group were significantly lower than those in the NMS group. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed no significant differences in the peak areas of sex hormones and their metabolites, including estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, estrone, estriol, and 5β-dihydrotestosterone. Through the application of nontargeted metabolomics to the overall analysis of differential metabolites, pathway-enrichment results showed the importance of arginine and proline metabolism; pantothenate and CoA biosyntheses; glutathione metabolism; and the phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways. In summary, the MS model caused adult SD rats to be susceptible to depression, which may regulate synaptic plasticity through arginine and proline metabolism; pantothenate and CoA biosyntheses; glutathione metabolism; and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosyntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kerun Cao
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sainan Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongkun Shen
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Mo
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Phillips RA, Kraev I, Lange S. Protein Deimination and Extracellular Vesicle Profiles in Antarctic Seabirds. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E15. [PMID: 31936359 PMCID: PMC7168935 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds are amongst the most threatened of all avian groups. They face a range of immunological challenges which seem destined to increase due to environmental changes in their breeding and foraging habitats, affecting prey resources and exposure to pollution and pathogens. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for the assessment of their health status is of considerable importance. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner. PAD-mediated deimination can cause structural and functional changes in target proteins, allowing for protein moonlighting in physiological and pathophysiological processes. PADs furthermore contribute to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play important roles in cellular communication. In the present study, post-translationally deiminated protein and EV profiles of plasma were assessed in eight seabird species from the Antarctic, representing two avian orders: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) and Charadriiformes (waders, auks, gulls and skuas). We report some differences between the species assessed, with the narrowest EV profiles of 50-200 nm in the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli, and the highest abundance of larger 250-500 nm EVs in the brown skua Stercorarius antarcticus. The seabird EVs were positive for phylogenetically conserved EV markers and showed characteristic EV morphology. Post-translational deimination was identified in a range of key plasma proteins critical for immune response and metabolic pathways in three of the bird species under study; the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, south polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki and northern giant petrel. Some differences in Gene Ontology (GO) biological and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins were observed between these three species. This indicates that target proteins for deimination may differ, potentially contributing to a range of physiological functions relating to metabolism and immune response, as well as to key defence mechanisms. PAD protein homologues were identified in the seabird plasma by Western blotting via cross-reaction with human PAD antibodies, at an expected 75 kDa size. This is the first study to profile EVs and to identify deiminated proteins as putative novel plasma biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds. These biomarkers may be further refined to become useful indicators of physiological and immunological status in seabirds-many of which are globally threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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Wang C, Lin H, Yang N, Wang H, Zhao Y, Li P, Liu J, Wang F. Effects of Platycodins Folium on Depression in Mice Based on a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Serum Assay and Hippocampus Metabolomics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091712. [PMID: 31052597 PMCID: PMC6540008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as depression, is a state characterized by low mood and aversion to activity. Platycodins Folium (PF) is the dried leaf of Platycodon grandiflorum, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Our previous research suggested that PF was rich in flavonoids, phenols, organic acids, triterpenoid saponins, coumarins and terpenoids. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of PF using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive mice. Several behavior tests (sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST)) and biochemical parameters (IL-6, TNF-α and SOD levels) were used to evaluate the antidepressive effect of PF on LPS-induced depression model. Furthermore, a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism of PF in attenuating depression. As a result, a total of 21 and 11 metabolites that potentially contribute to MDD progress and PF treatment were identified in serum and hippocampus, respectively. The analysis of metabolic pathways revealed that lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism were disturbed in a model of mice undergoing MDD and PF treatment. These results help us to understand the pathogenesis of depression in depth, and to discover targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment. They also provide the possibility of developing PF into an anti-depressantive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Na Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Fujin Road 1266, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Larabee JL, Hauck G, Ballard JD. Unique, Intersecting, and Overlapping Roles of C/EBP β and CREB in Cells of the Innate Immune System. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16931. [PMID: 30446701 PMCID: PMC6240029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB and C/EBP β signaling pathways are modulated during inflammation and also targeted by Bacillus anthracis edema toxin (ET), but how these factors individually and jointly contribute to changes in immune cell function is poorly understood. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, macrophage cell lines lacking CREB and isoforms of C/EBP β were generated and analyzed for changes in responses to LPS, ET, and IL-4. Macrophages lacking C/EBP β suppressed induction of IL-10 and Arg1, while IL-6 was increased in these cells following exposure to LPS. Examination of C/EBP β isoforms indicated the 38 kDa isoform was necessary for the expression of IL-10 and Arg1. ChIP-Seq analysis of CREB and C/EBP β binding to targets on the chromosome of human PBMC identified several regions where both factors overlapped in their binding, suggesting similar gene targeting or cooperative effects. Based on the ChIP-Seq data, a panel of previously unknown targets of CREB and C/EBP β was identified and includes genes such as VNN2, GINS4, CTNNBL1, and SULF2. Isoforms of a transcriptional corepressor, transducin-like enhancer of Split (TLE), were also found to have CREB and C/EBP β binding their promoter and were up regulated by ET. Finally, we explore a possible layer of C/EBP β regulation by a protein complex consisting of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and PKA. Collectively, these data provide new insights into the role of CREB and C/EBP β as immunosignaling regulators and targets of an important bacterial virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Larabee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Garrett Hauck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Jimmy D Ballard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA.
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Abstract
Horse urine is easily collected and contains molecules readily measurable using mass spectrometry that can be used as biomarkers representative of health, disease or drug tampering. This study aimed at analyzing microliter levels of horse urine to purify, identify and quantify proteins, polar metabolites and non-polar lipids. Urine from a healthy 12 year old quarter horse mare on a diet of grass hay and vitamin/mineral supplements with limited pasture access was collected for serial-omics characterization. The urine was treated with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and methanol to partition into three distinct layers for protein, non-polar lipid and polar metabolite content from a single liquid-liquid extraction and was repeated two times. Each layer was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography—high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to obtain protein sequence and relative protein levels as well as identify and quantify small polar metabolites and lipids. The results show 46 urine proteins, many related to normal kidney function, structural and circulatory proteins as well as 474 small polar metabolites but only 10 lipid molecules. Metabolites were mostly related to urea cycle and ammonia recycling as well as amino acid related pathways, plant diet specific molecules, etc. The few lipids represented triglycerides and phospholipids. These data show a complete mass spectrometry based—omics characterization of equine urine from a single 333 μL mid-stream urine aliquot. These omics data help serve as a baseline for healthy mare urine composition and the analyses can be used to monitor disease progression, health status, monitor drug use, etc.
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Hu Y, Li H, Shi W, Ma H. Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Pantetheinase in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11107-11112. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jung S, Kim MK, Choi BY. The long-term relationship between dietary pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) intake and C-reactive protein concentration in adults aged 40 years and older. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:806-816. [PMID: 28739188 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-grade inflammation, represented by minor C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation, has a critical role in the early stages of atherosclerosis, and pantothenic acid (PA) may have an antioxidant effect in inflammatory process. However, the long-term relationship between PA intake and CRP has not yet been studied. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term relationship of PA intake to CRP concentration in healthy adults aged 40 years or older living in a rural area of South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 908 subjects (349 men, 559 women) with repeated data on dietary PA intake and CRP concentration were included in the final analysis. To represent the long-term effect of PA intake, both PA intake at the baseline and average PA intake were used as the exposure, and CRP concentration at the third visit and its change from the baseline to the third visit were used as the outcome. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant inverse relationship between PA intake and CRP concentration at the third visit was observed (P for trend = 0.001, β = -0.07 (P-value = 0.001) for PA baseline; P for trend = <0.0001, β = -0.11 (P-value = 0.0004) for PA average (baseline, 2nd, 3rd)). Higher PA intake was significantly related to lower or attenuated increase in CRP concentration (P for trend = 0.002, β = -0.24 (P-value = 0.002) for PA baseline; P for trend = 0.001, β = -0.35 (P-value = 0.001) for PA average (baseline, 2nd, 3rd)). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dietary PA intake was inversely related to subsequent CRP concentration in both men and women aged 40 years or older in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jung
- Health Care Research Department, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong, South Korea; Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M K Kim
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - B Y Choi
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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The ratio of HLA-DR and VNN2 + expression on CD14 + myeloid derived suppressor cells can distinguish glioblastoma from radiation necrosis patients. J Neurooncol 2017; 134:189-196. [PMID: 28551851 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal type of brain cancer with a median survival of less than two years even following aggressive treatment (Stupp et al., N Engl J Med 352:987-996, 2005). Among the many challenges in treating patients with this devastating disease is the ability to differentiate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images that appear following radiation therapy, often termed "radiation necrosis" from true GBM recurrence. Radiation necrosis (RN) and GBM are very difficult to distinguish and currently only a brain biopsy can conclusively differentiate these pathologies. In the present study, we introduce a differential diagnostic approach using a newly identified Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC) biomarker, vascular non-inflammatory molecule 2 (VNN2+), in combination with expression of traditional HLA-DR on peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes isolated from GBM and/or RN patients. We performed proof-of-principle experiments confirming the sensitivity and specificity of this approach based upon the combined expression levels of HLA-DR and VNN2 among CD14+ Mo-MDSC, which we called the DR-Vanin Index or DVI. The DVI was able to distinguish GBM from RN patients with a high degree of certainty (n = 18 and n = 6 respectively; p = 0.0004). This novel, quick and inexpensive blood-based liquid biopsy could potentially replace invasive brain biopsies in differentiating GBM from RN patients using a minimally-invasive technique.
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Mariani F, Roncucci L. Role of the Vanins-Myeloperoxidase Axis in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E918. [PMID: 28448444 PMCID: PMC5454831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of chronic inflammation in the colonic mucosa leads to an increased risk of cancer. Among proteins involved in the regulation of mucosal inflammation and that may contribute both to structural damage of the intestinal mucosa and to intestinal carcinogenesis, there are myeloperoxidase (MPO) and vanins. The infiltration of colonic mucosa by neutrophils may promote carcinogenesis through MPO, a key enzyme contained in the lysosomes of neutrophils that regulates local inflammation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mutagenic species. The human vanin gene family consists of three genes: vanin-1, vanin-2 and vanin-3. All vanin molecules are pantetheinases, that hydrolyze pantetheine into pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and cysteamine, a sulfhydryl compound. Vanin-1 loss confers an increased resistance to stress and acute intestinal inflammation, while vanin-2 regulates adhesion and transmigration of activated neutrophils. The metabolic product of these enzymes has a prominent role in the inflammation processes by affecting glutathione levels, inducing ulcers through a reduction in mucosal blood flow and oxygenation, decreasing local defense mechanisms, and in carcinogenesis by damaging DNA and regulating pathways involved in cell apoptosis, metabolism and growth, as Nrf2 and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mariani
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine, and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Luca Roncucci
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine, and Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
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38
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Pathways and Genes Associated with Immune Dysfunction in Sheep Paratuberculosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46695. [PMID: 28436433 PMCID: PMC5402263 DOI: 10.1038/srep46695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multibacillary and paucibacillary paratuberculosis are both caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Multibacillary lesions are composed largely of infected epithelioid macrophages and paucibacillary lesions contain T cells but few bacteria. Multibacillary disease is similar to human lepromatous leprosy, with variable/high levels of antibody and a dysfunctional immune response. Animals with paucibacillary disease have high cell-mediated immunity and variable levels of antibody. This study aims to characterize the immunological dysfunction using TruSeq analysis of the ileocaecal lymph node that drains disease lesions. Immune dysfunction is highlighted by repression of TCR/CD3 genes, T cell co-receptors/co-stimulators, T cell activation and signal-transduction genes. Inflammation was an acute phase response and chronic inflammation, with little evidence of acute inflammation. The high levels of immunoglobulin and plasma cell transcripts is consistent with the anti-MAP antibody responses in paratuberculosis sheep. Also notable was the overwhelming reduction in mast cell transcripts, potentially affecting DC activation of the immune response. This study also shows that there were no fundamental differences in the gene expression patterns in multibacillary and paucibacillary disease, no shift in T cell genes from Th1 to Th2 pattern but rather an incremental decline into immune dysfunction leading to multibacillary pathology.
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Takeda Y, Kato T, Ito H, Kurota Y, Yamagishi A, Sakurai T, Araki A, Nara H, Tsuchiya N, Asao H. The pattern of GPI-80 expression is a useful marker for unusual myeloid maturation in peripheral blood. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:373-386. [PMID: 27569996 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a wide spectrum of immunosuppressive activity; control of these cells is a new target for improving clinical outcomes in cancer patients. MDSCs originate from unusual differentiation of neutrophils or monocytes induced by inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. However, MDSCs are difficult to detect in neutrophil or monocyte populations because they are not uniform cells, resembling both neutrophils and monocytes; thus, they exist in a heterogeneous population. In this study, we investigated GPI-80, a known regulator of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and associated closely with neutrophil maturation, to clarify this unusual differentiation. First, we demonstrated that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GPI-80 and coefficient of variation (CV) of GPI-80 were increased by treatment with G-CSF and GM-CSF, respectively, using a human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL60) cell differentiation model. To confirm the value of GPI-80 as a marker of unusual differentiation, we measured GPI-80 expression and MDSC functions using peripheral blood cells from metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. The GPI-80 CV was augmented significantly in the CD16hi neutrophil cell population, and GPI-80 MFI was increased significantly in the CD33hi monocyte cell population. Furthermore, the GPI-80 CV in the CD16hi population was correlated inversely with the proliferative ability of T cells and the GPI-80 MFI of the CD33hi population was correlated with reactive oxygen species production. These results led us to propose that the pattern of GPI-80 expression in these populations is a simple and useful marker for unusual differentiation, which is related to MDSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takeda
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Kato
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Y Kurota
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - A Yamagishi
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - T Sakurai
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - A Araki
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Nara
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - N Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - H Asao
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Naquet P, Giessner C, Galland F. Metabolic adaptation of tissues to stress releases metabolites influencing innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:30-8. [PMID: 26605965 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments have demonstrated that metabolic rewiring imposed by adaptation of tissues to stress leads to the release of various metabolites which directly or indirectly impact innate immune responses and inflammation. Some metabolites can behave as second messengers and leave local cues in tissues. Immune cells which infiltrate stressed tissues reorient their metabolism to cope with these microenvironmental cues while preserving their effector functions in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Naquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Giessner
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France
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Sarkar AR, Heo CH, Kim E, Lee HW, Singh H, Kim JJ, Kang H, Kang C, Kim HM. A cysteamine-selective two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2407-10. [PMID: 25563936 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric imaging of cysteamine in situ. This probe can detect the levels of endogenous cysteamine with statistical significance in live cells and brain hippocampal tissues, revealing that cysteamine is localized mainly in the perikaria of the pyramidal neurons and the granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik R Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
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Abstract
Pantetheinase is an ubiquitous enzyme which hydrolyses D-pantetheine into cysteamine and pantothenate (vitamin B5) on the dissimilative pathway of CoA. Pantetheinase isoforms are encoded by the Vnn (vanin) genes and Vnn1 is the predominant tissue isoform in mice and humans. In the present article, we review the results showing the regulation of Vnn1 expression during developmental, repair and inflammatory situations and the impact of a Vnn1 deficiency in mouse models of pathologies. We document the involvement of the Vnn1 pantetheinase in situations of increased tissue needs and propose that Vnn1 through recycling of pantothenate and release of cysteamine in tissues participates in the adaptive response of the tissue to stress.
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Kuzaj P, Kuhn J, Michalek RD, Karoly ED, Faust I, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Large-scaled metabolic profiling of human dermal fibroblasts derived from pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients and healthy controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108336. [PMID: 25265166 PMCID: PMC4181624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ABC transporter ABCC6 were recently identified as cause of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive mineralization of elastic fibers. We used an untargeted metabolic approach to identify biochemical differences between human dermal fibroblasts from healthy controls and PXE patients in an attempt to find a link between ABCC6 deficiency, cellular metabolic alterations and disease pathogenesis. 358 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry covering lipids, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleotides, vitamins and cofactors, xenobiotics and energy metabolites. We found substantial differences in glycerophospholipid composition, leucine dipeptides, and polypeptides as well as alterations in pantothenate and guanine metabolism to be significantly associated with PXE pathogenesis. These findings can be linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and increased oxidative stress, which reflect characteristic hallmarks of PXE. Our study could facilitate a better understanding of biochemical pathways involved in soft tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kuzaj
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhn
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Ryan D. Michalek
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Yang M, Moclair B, Hatcher V, Kaminetsky J, Mekas M, Chapas A, Capodice J. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a novel pantothenic Acid-based dietary supplement in subjects with mild to moderate facial acne. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2014; 4:93-101. [PMID: 24831048 PMCID: PMC4065280 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-014-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of daily administration of an orally administered pantothenic acid-based dietary supplement in men and women with facial acne lesions. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of adults previously diagnosed with mild to moderate acne vulgaris was performed. Subjects were randomized to the study agent, a pantothenic acid-based dietary supplement, or a placebo for 12 weeks (endpoint). The primary outcome of the study was the difference in total lesion count between the study agent group versus the placebo group from baseline to endpoint. Secondary measurements included differences in mean non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions, Investigators Global Assessment and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores between the two groups. Investigator assessment of overall improvement and skin photographs were also taken. Safety and tolerability endpoints were the assessment of adverse events and measurement of serum complete blood count and hepatic function. Results Forty-eight subjects were enrolled and 41 were evaluable. There was a significant mean reduction in total lesion count in the pantothenic acid group versus placebo at week 12 (P = 0.0197). Mean reduction in inflammatory lesions was also significantly reduced and DLQI scores were significantly lower at week 12 in the pantothenic acid group versus placebo. The study agent was safe and well tolerated. Conclusions The results from this study indicate that the administration of a pantothenic acid-based dietary supplement in healthy adults with facial acne lesions is safe, well tolerated and reduced total facial lesion count versus placebo after 12 weeks of administration. Secondary analysis shows that the study agent significantly reduced area-specific and inflammatory blemishes. Further randomized, placebo-controlled trials are warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-014-0052-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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