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Yildirim G, Budell W, Berezovska O, Yagerman S, Maliath S, Mastrokostas P, Tommasini S, Dowd T. Lead induced differences in bone properties in osteocalcin +/+ and −/− female mice. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101672. [PMID: 37064000 PMCID: PMC10090701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major health problem and bone is the major reservoir. Lead is detrimental to bone, affects bone remodeling and is associated with elderly fractures. Osteocalcin (OC) affects bone remodeling, improves fracture resistance and decreases with age and in some diseases. The effect of lead in osteocalcin depleted bone is unknown and of interest. We compared bone mineral properties of control and Pb exposed (from 2 to 6 months) femora from female adult C57BL6 OC+/+ and OC-/- mice using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging (FTIRI), Micro-computed tomography (uCT), bone biomechanical measurements and serum turnover markers (P1NP, CTX). Lead significantly increased turnover in OC+/+ and in OC-/- bones producing increased total volume, area and marrow area/total area with decreased BV/TV compared to controls. The increased turnover decreased mineral/matrix vs. Oc+/+ and increased mineral/matrix and crystallinity vs. OC-/-. PbOC-/- had increased bone formation, cross-sectional area (Imin) and decreased collagen maturity compared OC-/- and PbOC+/+. Imbalanced turnover in PbOC-/- confirmed the role of osteocalcin as a coupler of formation and resorption. Bone strength and stiffness were reduced in OC-/- and PbOC-/- due to reduced material properties vs. OC+/+ and PbOC+/+ respectively. The PbOC-/- bones had increased area to compensate for weaker material properties but were not proportionally stronger for increased size. However, at low lead levels osteocalcin plays the major role in bone strength suggesting increased fracture risk in low Pb2+ exposed elderly could be due to reduced osteocalcin as well. Years of low lead exposure or higher blood lead levels may have an additional effect on bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - W.C. Budell
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - O. Berezovska
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S. Yagerman
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S.S. Maliath
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - P. Mastrokostas
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - S. Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T.L. Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Rm. 359 NE, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030346. [PMID: 36984786 PMCID: PMC10053128 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: To assess the association of environmental chemical factors with osteopenia and/or bone fractures. (2) Methods: All data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 of American adults aged 20–59 years old; invalid data were excluded based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. For the ultimate valid data set, multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association of environmental chemical factors with osteopenia and bone fractures. (3) Results: The valid dataset was obtained from 2640 individuals, who completed a questionnaire of demographic characteristics. Urinary manganese and monomethylarsonic acid were positively associated with osteopenia in American adults, but not bone fracture. However, several environmental factors (e.g., arsenous acid, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinic acid, and 2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) did not affect bone mineral density, but were significantly associated with bone fracture. (4) Conclusions: Multiple environmental chemical factors significantly affect bone mass or fracture risk. However, the risk of environmental chemical factors on fractures is independent of osteopenia in US Adults. The influence of environmental chemical factors on bone quality should be considered and monitored.
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Elturki MA. Using Peromyscus leucopus as a biomonitor to determine the impact of heavy metal exposure on the kidney and bone mineral density: results from the Tar Creek Superfund Site. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14605. [PMID: 36570008 PMCID: PMC9774004 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human population growth and industrialization contribute to increased pollution of wildlife habitats. Heavy metal exposure from industrial and environmental sources is still a threat to public health, increasing disease susceptibility. In this study, I investigated the effects of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) on kidney and bone density. Objective This study aims to determine the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil and compare them to the levels of the same metals in Peromyscus leucopus kidney tissue. Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate the impact of heavy metals on bone density and fragility using the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) of P. leucopus. Methods Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in soil specimens collected from Tar Creek Superfund Site (TCSFS), Beaver Creek (BC), and two reference sites (Oologah Wildlife Management Area (OWMA) and Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR)). Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was used to assess the influence of heavy metals on bone fragility and density. Results On the one hand, soil samples revealed that Pb is the most common pollutant in the sediment at all of the investigated sites (the highest contaminated site with Pb was TCSFS). Pb levels in the soil of TCSFS, BC, OWMA, and SNWR were found to be 1,132 ± 278, 6.4 ± 1.1, and 2.3 ± 0.3 mg/kg in the soil of TCSFS, BC and OWMA and SNWR, respectively. This is consistent with the fact that Pb is one of the less mobile heavy metals, causing its compounds to persist in soils and sediments and being barely influenced by microbial decomposition. On the other hand, the kidney samples revealed greater Cd levels, even higher than those found in the soil samples from the OWMA and SNWR sites. Cd concentrations in the kidney specimens were found to be 4.62 ± 0.71, 0.53 ± 0.08, and 0.53 ± 0.06 µg/kg, respectively. In addition, micro-CT analysis of L4 from TCSFS showed significant Pearson's correlation coefficients between Cd concentrations and trabecular bone number (-0.67, P ≤ 0.05) and trabecular separation (0.72, P ≤ 0.05). The results showed no correlation between bone parameters and metal concentrations at reference sites. This study is one of the few that aims to employ bone architecture as an endpoint in the field of biomonitoring. Furthermore, this study confirmed some earlier research by demonstrating substantial levels of heavy metal contamination in soil samples, kidney samples, and P. leucopus L4 trabecular bone separations from TCSFS. Moreover, this is the first study to record information regarding bone microarchitecture parameters in P. leucopus in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdulftah Elturki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States,Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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Coyte RM, Harkness JS, Darrah TH. The Abundance of Trace Elements in Human Bone Relative to Bone Type and Bone Pathology. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000556. [PMID: 35663618 PMCID: PMC9148180 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the global population ages and the proportion of individuals afflicted with musculoskeletal disease spirals upward, there is an increasing interest in understanding and preventing bone-related diseases. Bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, are known to be influenced by a variety of factors including age, gender, nutrition, and genetics, but are also inherently linked to the human body's ability to produce biominerals of suitable quality. Because the crystal lattice structure and mineralogy of bone hydroxyapatite is surprisingly analogous to geological hydroxyapatite, trace element levels and exposure have long been proposed to influence the structure of biominerals as they do geological minerals (e.g., strontium substitution changes the crystal lattice of bone minerals, while toxic lead disrupt bone cellular processes leading to bone disease). Here, we explore the distribution of trace elements in human bones to evaluate the distribution of these elements with respect to bone type (cortical vs. trabecular) and bone disease (osteoarthritis vs. osteoporosis). We find higher concentrations of many metabolically active transition metals, as well as lead, in cortical bone compared to trabecular bone. When compared to patients who have osteoarthritis, and thus presumably normal bone minerals, osteoporosis patients have higher concentrations of scandium and chromium (Cr) in trabecular bone, and Cr and lead in cortical bone. Lower concentrations of barium and titanium are associated with osteoporotic trabecular bone. This survey is an exploratory cross-sectional geochemical examination of several trace element concentrations previously understudied in human bone minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Coyte
- School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Jennifer S. Harkness
- School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
- Now at California Water Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveySacramentoCAUSA
| | - Thomas H. Darrah
- School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
- Global Water InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
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Li T, Xie Y, Wang L, Huang G, Cheng Y, Hou D, Liu W, Zhang T, Liu J. The Association between Lead Exposure and Bone Mineral Density in Childhood and Adolescence: Results from NHANES 1999-2006 and 2011-2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071523. [PMID: 35406136 PMCID: PMC9003082 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few studies on lead's effect on bone mineral density (BMD) in childhood. In this study, we examined the association between lead exposure and BMD among 13,951 children and adolescents aged 8-19 years from NHANES 1999-2006 and 2011-2018. The whole blood lead levels (BLLs) were used as lead exposure biomarkers, and total BMD, subtotal BMD, lumbar spine BMD and limb BMD were used as outcome variables. The survey weighted multivariable generalized additive models (GAMs) with smoothing terms were used to explore the association between blood lead levels and BMDs, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, height, weight, family-income-to-poverty ratio and blood cadmium. Subgroup analyses stratified by sex and bony sites were further performed. We found an N-shaped curve association between BLLs and total BMD, subtotal BMD and limb BMD for males and females, whereas the association between BLLs and lumbar spine BMD was only significantly negative for females. The findings suggested that lead exposure had different effects on BMD of different bony sites (highly cortical or trabecular regions) in childhood and adolescence and had different effects on the same bone among different ages population and/or at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76789, USA;
| | - Guimin Huang
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Yijing Cheng
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dongqing Hou
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Wenqian Liu
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Junting Liu
- Child Health Big Data Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China; (T.L.); (Y.X.); (G.H.); (Y.C.); (D.H.); (W.L.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Davis LL, Aragão WAB, de Oliveira Lopes G, Eiró LG, Freire AR, Prado FB, Rossi AC, da Silva Cruz A, das Graças Fernandes Dantas K, Albuquerque ARL, Paz SPA, Angélica RS, Lima RR. Chronic exposure to lead acetate promotes changes in the alveolar bone of rats: microstructural and physical-chemical characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13930-13940. [PMID: 34599710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are a few data relating to the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on the alveolar bone, which has very distinct morphophysiological characteristics and is of great importance in the oral cavity. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes promoted after long-term exposure to Pb in the microstructure of the alveolar bone of rats. Twenty adult Wistar rats were exposed to 50 mg/kg/day of lead acetate for 55 days. These animals were euthanized and had their mandible removed. Each mandible was divided into hemimandibles, and the alveolar bone was used for bone lead quantification, crystallinity analysis, microstructure evaluation by the percentage of bone volume (BV/TV), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), thickness of the trabecular (Tb.Th), and trabecular space (Tb.Sp). Morphometric analysis of the exposed root area was also performed. Long-term exposure to Pb resulted in high levels of Pb in the alveolar bone but showed no changes in the organization of crystallinity. The microstructural analyses showed a reduction of BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N and increase of Tb.Sp parameters, resulting in an increase in the exposed root area and an alveolar bone loss in height. The findings of this study reveal the ability of Pb to alter the alveolar bone microstructure after long-term exposure to the metal, possibly due to changes in tissue homeostasis, contributing to the reduction of bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodinikki Lemoy Davis
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street, N. 1. Campus do Guamá. - CEP, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street, N. 1. Campus do Guamá. - CEP, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Géssica de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street, N. 1. Campus do Guamá. - CEP, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimaraes Eiró
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street, N. 1. Campus do Guamá. - CEP, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Laboratory of research in Mechanobiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Laboratory of research in Mechanobiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Laboratory of research in Mechanobiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Allan da Silva Cruz
- Group of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Rodrigo Leal Albuquerque
- Group of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Simone Patricia Aranha Paz
- Group of Applied Analytical Spectrometry, Institute of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Simões Angélica
- Laboratory of Mineral Characterization, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street, N. 1. Campus do Guamá. - CEP, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Boskabady M, Ghorani V, Beigoli S, Boskabady MH. The effects of environmental lead on teeth and bone status and the mechanisms of these effects, animal and human evidence, a review. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2026398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cui A, Xiao P, Hu B, Ma Y, Fan Z, Wang H, Zhou F, Zhuang Y. Blood Lead Level Is Negatively Associated With Bone Mineral Density in U.S. Children and Adolescents Aged 8-19 Years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:928752. [PMID: 35846292 PMCID: PMC9283721 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.928752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The relationship of lead (Pb) exposure with bone health in children and adolescents remains controversial. OBJECTION We aimed to investigate the association of blood lead levels (BLL) with bone mineral density (BMD) in American children and adolescents using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2010. METHODS We analyzed 5,583 subjects aged 8-19 years (mean age, 13.49 ± 3.35 years) from the NHANES 2005-2010. BLL was tested using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the lumbar spine, total femur, and femur neck. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the association between BLL and BMD, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), serum calcium, and serum phosphorus. RESULTS BLL was negatively correlated with BMD at different sites of interest in children and adolescents. For every 1mg/dl increase in BLL, the BMD of the total spine, total hip, and femoral neck decreased by 0.011 g/cm2, 0.008 g/cm2, and 0.006 g/cm2. In addition, Pb affected the lumbar spine more than the femur. The effect estimates were stronger in girls than boys at the lumbar spine (P for interaction= 0.006). This negative association remained significant in American children and adolescents after excluding individuals with BLL more than 3.5 ug/dl. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that BLL is negatively correlated with BMD at different sites of interest in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years, even in the reference range. More research is needed to elucidate the relationships between Pb and bone health in children and adolescents, including specific mechanisms and confounding factors like race/ethnicity, gender, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baoliang Hu
- Department of gastroenterology surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuzhuo Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhuang, ; Fengjin Zhou,
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhuang, ; Fengjin Zhou,
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Wei MH, Cui Y, Zhou HL, Song WJ, Di DS, Zhang RY, Huang Q, Liu JA, Wang Q. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131150. [PMID: 34470175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies focus on combined effects of multiple metals on bone mineral density (BMD) are scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine associations of multiple metals exposure with BMD. Data of adults aged ≥20 years (n = 2545) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2016) were collected and analyzed. Concentrations of metals were measured in blood (cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], and manganese [Mn]) and serum (copper [Cu], selenium [Se], and zinc [Zn]) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry, respectively. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were performed to determine the joint effects of multiple metals exposure on lumbar and total BMD. The linear regression analyses showed Pb was negatively associated with BMDs. The WQS regression analyses revealed that the WQS index was inversely related to lumbar (β = -0.022, 95% CI: -0.036, -0.008) and total BMD (β = -0.015, 95% CI: -0.024, -0.006), and Se, Mn, and Pb were the main contributors for the combined effects. Additionally, nonlinear dose-response relationships between Pb, Mn, and Se and BMD, as well as a synergistic interaction of Pb and Mn, were found in the BKMR analyses. Our findings suggested co-exposure to Cd, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cu, Se, and Zn (above their 50th percentiles) was associated with reduced BMD, and Pb, Mn, and Se were the main contributors driving the overall effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-An Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Lu J, Lan J, Li X, Zhu Z. Blood lead and cadmium levels are negatively associated with bone mineral density in young female adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:116. [PMID: 34172083 PMCID: PMC8228926 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The organ toxicities of lead and cadmium have been extensively studied; however, studies of their toxic effects on bone remain limited, especially in young adults. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of blood lead levels (BLL) and blood cadmium levels (BCL) with bone mineral density (BMD) among young adults. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018 database. Because of the skewed distribution, BLL and BCL were Ln-transformed for analysis. Weighted multivariate regressions were performed to evaluate the associations between LnBLL and LnBCL and lumbar BMD. Subgroup analyses were further performed. Results A total of 3234 participants aged 20–35 years were included in this study. No significant association between LnBLL and lumbar BMD was found (β = − 5.6, 95%CI: − 13.5–2.3). However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, this association became negative in women (β = − 18.2, 95%CI: − 29.9– − 6.4). Moreover, this negative association was more prominent in female blacks (β = − 35.5, 95%CI: − 63.4– − 7.6). On the other hand, a negative association between LnBCL and lumbar BMD was found (β = − 7.4, 95%CI: − 14.0– − 0.8). In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, this negative association only existed in women (β = − 18.7, 95%CI: − 28.0– − 9.5). Moreover, this negative association was more prominent in female whites (β = − 31.1, 95%CI: − 46.2– − 16.1). Conclusions Our finding showed that both BLL and BCL were independently and negatively associated with lumbar BMD among young females, but not among young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Lu
- Department of Medical Administration, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Lan
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao'e Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Colicino E, Just A, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Vokonas P, Cardenas A, Sparrow D, Weisskopf M, Nie LH, Hu H, Schwartz JD, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA. Blood DNA methylation biomarkers of cumulative lead exposure in adults. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:108-116. [PMID: 31636367 PMCID: PMC7170756 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a ubiquitous toxicant following three compartment kinetics with the longest half-life found in bones. Patella and tibia lead levels-validated measures of cumulative exposure-require specialized X-ray-fluorescence-spectroscopy available only in a few centers worldwide. We developed minimally invasive biomarkers reflecting individual cumulative lead exposure using blood DNA methylation profiles-obtainable via Illumina 450K or IlluminaEPIC bead-chip assays. METHODS We developed and tested two methylation-based biomarkers from 348 Normative Aging Study (NAS) elderly men. We selected methylation sites with strong associations with bone lead levels via robust regressions analysis and constructed the biomarkers using elastic nets. Results were validated in a NAS subset, reporting specificity, and sensitivity. FINDINGS Participants were 73 years old on average (standard deviation, SD = 6), with moderate lead levels of (mean ± SD patella: 27 ± 18 µg/g; tibia:21 ± 13 µg/g). Methylation-based biomarkers for lead in patella and tibia included 59 and 138 DNA methylation sites, respectively. Estimated lead levels were significantly correlated with actual measured values, (r = 0.62 patella, r = 0.59 tibia) and had low mean square error (MSE) (MSE = 0.68 patella, MSE = 0.53 tibia). Means and distributions of the estimated and actual lead levels were not significantly different across patella and tibia bones (p > 0.05). Methylation-based biomarkers discriminated participants highly exposed (>median) to lead with a specificity of 74 and 73% for patella and tibia lead levels, respectively, with 70% sensitivity. INTERPRETATION DNA methylation-based lead biomarkers are novel tools that can be used to reconstruct decades' worth of individual cumulative lead exposure using only blood DNA methylation profiles and may help identify the consequences of cumulative exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colicino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Allan Just
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Weisskopf
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda H Nie
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, F-226B, USA
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12
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Meyers AL, Woodbury MP, Nelson RA. Orthopedic Manifestations of Lead Toxicity. Orthopedics 2020; 43:e202-e207. [PMID: 32324246 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20200415-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Given the recent news regarding the water supply in Flint, Michigan, lead toxicity has become an increasingly important topic in health care. Lead toxicity can have a widespread effect on the human body. Because lead has a significant effect on mineralized tissue such as bone, the purpose of this review was to identify and analyze the orthopedic manifestations of lead poisoning. The effects of lead at the cellular level, on the hematopoietic system, in osteoporosis, and in pediatric patients are discussed. Possible treatment options and recommendations for further monitoring are presented. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(4):e202-e207.].
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13
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Sheng Z, Wang S, Zhang X, Li X, Li B, Zhang Z. Long-Term Exposure to Low-Dose Lead Induced Deterioration in Bone Microstructure of Male Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:491-498. [PMID: 31407216 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of low-dose lead exposure on bone microstructure in mice. Ten SPF 12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control (deionized water) and lead exposure (150 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water). After 24 weeks treatment, mice were weighed and the left femurs were collected and stored at - 80 °C. The right femurs of the mice were scanned by Micro-CT for three-dimensional reconstruction, and bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabeculae thickness, trabeculae number, and trabeculae separation were measured. The right tibia was collected to investigate histopathological changes in H&E-stained sections. The gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was determined using real-time PCR. The bone density of femoral cancellous bone and the number of cancellous bone trabeculae in the lead exposure group were both significantly decreased compared with the control group. Bone marrow stromal cell numbers were decreased following lead administration, and lipid droplet vacuoles were observed in the lead group. Levels of OPG were significantly decreased in the lead group, and lead also inhibited the expression of Runx2 compared with the control group. Long-term exposure to low doses of lead can cause bone damage without inducing other obvious symptoms through decreasing bone density and the number of cancellous bone trabeculae, further suppressing bone formation. It suggests that lead may exacerbate bone loss and osteoporosis, especially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Sheng
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Experimental Center of Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Al-Ghafari A, Elmorsy E, Fikry E, Alrowaili M, Carter WG. The heavy metals lead and cadmium are cytotoxic to human bone osteoblasts via induction of redox stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225341. [PMID: 31756223 PMCID: PMC6874340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavy metals (HMs) lead and cadmium are persistent environmental pollutants capable of inducing ill-health in exposed individuals. One of the primary sites of accumulation and potential damage from HMs is bone, and we therefore examined the acute effects of lead and cadmium on human bone osteoblasts in vitro over a concentration range of 0.1 μM to 1mM, and for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hour exposures. Incubation of osteoblasts with either lead or cadmium reduced cell viability in a concentrations and exposure durations dependent manner, as measured using MTT and LDH assays. Cytotoxicity was significant from 0.1 μM concentrations after 48 hour exposures. Both HMs damaged cellular bioenergetics with reductions of ATP production, mitochondrial complex activities, and aerobic respiration. There was a concomitant elevation of reactive oxygen species, with induction of redox stress measured as increased lipid peroxidation, and depleted cellular redox defense systems via reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and cellular glutathione levels. Both HMs induced nuclear activation of Nrf2, presumably to increase transcription of antioxidant responsive genes to combat oxidative stress. Incubation of osteoblasts with HMs also compromised the secretion of procollagen type 1, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. Pre-incubation of osteoblasts with reduced glutathione prior to challenge with HMs lessened the cytotoxicity of the HMs, indicative that antioxidants may be a beneficial treatment adjunct in cases of acute lead or cadmium poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar; Saudi Arabia.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Emad Fikry
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Majed Alrowaili
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Li S, Liu J, Sun S, Ji X, Yan C, Xu J. Impacts of lead exposure and chelation therapy on bone metabolism during different developmental stages of rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109441. [PMID: 31404725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the impacts of Pb exposure and the dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) chelation therapy on bone metabolisms in young rats of different ages, as well as the potential mechanisms. METHOD Young rats were exposed to 0.05%-0.1% Pb acetate for 19 days, during infanthood (postnatal day, PND2-20), childhood (PND21-39) and adolescenthood (PND40-58) respectively. In each developmental stage, rats were further divided into three subgroups: lead-exposed, one-course and two-course DMSA chelation therapy subgroups. Blood/bone lead concentrations, serum calciotropic hormones concentrations, and mRNA and protein expressions of bone turnover markers in the serum and bones were measured. Bone microstructures were analyzed using Micro-CT. RESULTS Compared with lead-exposed during childhood and adolescenthood, increases in blood/bone lead levels, and the changes of blood/bone lead and trabecular bone microstructures after one-course DMSA chelation were most significant in rats lead-exposed during infanthood (P < .05). The serum osteocalcin (OC) concentrations, mRNA/protein expressions of OC and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in bones all decreased after Pb exposure, along with significant increases in serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) concentrations (P < .05). These effects were accompanied by changes of serum parathormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH2)-D3) concentrations. DMSA chelation partially reversed the changes of bone microarchitectures, bone formation and resorption markers, and calciotropic-hormones, and the efficiency was greatest when the therapy was provided during infanthood. CONCLUSION Developmental Pb exposure impaired bone microstructures and interfered bone metabolism, and the exposure effect was more obvious during infanthood than during childhood and adolescenthood. Lead effects were partially reversed by chelation therapy, and the efficacy may be most significant when the therapy was provided at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Zhou
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuangyuan Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Xinhua Hospital, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wang WJ, Wu CC, Jung WT, Lin CY. The associations among lead exposure, bone mineral density, and FRAX score: NHANES, 2013 to 2014. Bone 2019; 128:115045. [PMID: 31446117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure has been suspected as a risk factor for osteoporosis. However, in epidemiological studies, the association between environmental lead exposure and bone health were inconsistent. With the decrease of lead exposure in recent decades, we evaluated the association between lead exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) in the general US population in this study. We analyzed data on 1859 adults (aged ≥40 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 2013-2014 to determine the relationship among lead exposure measured by both blood and urine lead concentration, BMD of total spine and femur, and FRAX score in a cross-sectional study. In premenopausal women, the results showed a 1-unit increase in natural log-transformed blood and urine lead levels was associated with a decrease in total femur BMD of 0.061 g/cm2 (S.E. = 0.015; p = 0.001) and 0.046 g/cm2 (S.E. = 0.018; p = 0.020), respectively. Moreover, in premenopausal women, a 1-unit increase in natural log-transformed blood level was associated with a decrease in total spine BMD of 0.054 g/cm2 (S.E. = 0.019; p = 0.013). Both FRAX scores were positively correlated with blood and urine lead levels in subjects without fractures, while the 10-year hip fracture risk score was positively associated with lead exposure in subjects with a history of fracture or vertebral fracture. In conclusion, lead exposure was associated with decreased total femur and spine BMD, and FRAX score in the general US population. Further research is needed to elucidate the causal relationship among lead exposure, BMD, and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 300, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 300, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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17
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Mao Z, Zhu Y, Hao W, Chu C, Su H. MicroRNA-155 inhibition up-regulates LEPR to inhibit osteoclast activation and bone resorption via activation of AMPK in alendronate-treated osteoporotic mice. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1916-1928. [PMID: 31317664 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a progressive increase in bone fragility, leading to low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is highly expressed in osteoporosis. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-155 on the inhibition of osteoclast activation and bone resorption by targeting leptin receptor (LEPR) through the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in alendronate-treated osteoporotic mice. An osteoporosis mouse model was established to examine the bone tension and bone density and the expression of miR-155 in osteoclasts. Binding sites between miR-155 and LEPR were verified. Osteoclasts in the treatment group were transfected with different mimic, inhibitor, vector, or siRNA for subsequent experiments. The expression of miR-155, LEPR, AMPK, p-AMPK, RANKL, OPG, M-CSF, RANK, TRAP, Bax, Bcl-2, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were all examined. The proliferation and bone resorption of osteoclasts were also detected. Mice with osteoporosis exhibited decreased bone density and bone tension, along with elevated expression of miR-155. LEPR was verified as a target gene of miR-155. Down-regulated miR-155 was found to increase the expression of LEPR, AMPK, p-AMPK, OPG, Bax, decrease expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, RANKL, M-CSF, RANK, TRAP, Bcl-2, inhibit the cell proliferation and bone resorption of osteoclasts. Taken together, decreased miR-155 up-regulated LEPR via activation of AMPK, which ultimately repressed osteoclast activation and bone resorption of osteoclasts in alendronate-treated osteoporotic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Mao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihai Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Heze Medical College, Heze, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Su
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, People's Republic of China
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Qi S, Zheng H, Chen C, Jiang H. Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) Cortex Extract Alleviates Lead Acetate-Induced Bone Loss in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:172-180. [PMID: 29740803 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Du-Zhong cortex extract (DZCE) on lead acetate-induced bone loss in rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (control) was provided with distilled water. Group II (PbAc) received 500 ppm lead acetate in drinking water for 60 days. Group III (PbAc+DZCE) received 500 ppm lead acetate in drinking water, and given intragastric DZCE (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Group IV (DZCE) was given intragastric DZCE (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. The bone mineral density, serum biochemical markers, bone histomorphology, and bone marrow adipocyte parameters were analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biochemistry, histomorphometry, and histopathology, respectively. The results showed that the lumbar spine and femur bone mineral density was significantly decreased in PbAc group compared with the control (P < 0.05); however, this decrease was inhibited by the intake of Du-Zhong cortex extract (P < 0.05, vs. PbAc group; P > 0.05, vs. control and DZCE group). Serum calcium and serum phosphorus in the PbAc+DZCE group were greater than that in the PbAc group (P < 0.05). The PbAc group had higher ALP, osteocalcin, and RANKL than the control group (P < 0.01), and they were significantly lower in the PbAc+DZCE group compared with the PbAc group. There were no significant differences of ALP, osteocalcin, and RANKL among the PbAc+DZCE, control, and DZCE groups (P > 0.05). Serum OPG and OPG/RANKL ration were significantly higher in the PbAc+DZCE group than that in the PbAc group (P < 0.05). The bone histomorphometric analyses showed that bone volume and trabecular thickness in the femoral trabecular bone were significantly lower in the PbAc group than that in the control group, but those were restored in the PbAc+DZCE groups. The bone marrow adipocyte number, percent adipocyte volume per tissue volume (AV/TV), and mean adipocyte diameter were significantly increased in the PbAc group compared to the control (P < 0.01), and those were restored in the PbAc+DZCE group. The differences of those parameters between PbAc+DZCE, DZCE, and the control group were not significant. The results above indicate that the Du-Zhong cortex extract has protective effects on both stimulation of bone formation and suppression of bone resorption in lead-exposed rats, therefore, Du-Zhong cortex extract has the potential to prevent or treat osteoporosis resulting from lead expose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- Vitamin D Research Institute, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongxing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China.
- Chinese-German Joint Laboratory for Natural Product Research, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China.
| | - Hai Jiang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
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Fang F, Peters TL, Beard JD, Umbach DM, Keller J, Mariosa D, Allen KD, Ye W, Sandler DP, Schmidt S, Kamel F. Blood Lead, Bone Turnover, and Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1057-1064. [PMID: 29020133 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood lead and bone turnover may be associated with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to assess whether these factors were also associated with time from ALS diagnosis to death through a survival analysis of 145 ALS patients enrolled during 2007 in the National Registry of Veterans with ALS. Associations of survival time with blood lead and plasma biomarkers of bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX)) and bone formation (procollagen type I amino-terminal peptide (PINP)) were estimated using Cox models adjusted for age at diagnosis, diagnostic certainty, diagnostic delay, site of onset, and score on the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale. Hazard ratios were calculated for each doubling of biomarker concentration. Blood lead, plasma CTX, and plasma PINP were mutually adjusted for one another. Increased lead (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.84) and CTX (HR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.89) were both associated with shorter survival, whereas higher PINP was associated with longer survival (HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.83), after ALS diagnosis. No interactions were observed between lead or bone turnover and other prognostic indicators. Lead toxicity and bone metabolism may be involved in ALS pathophysiology.
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20
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Peters TL, Weibull CE, Fang F, Sandler DP, Lambert PC, Ye W, Kamel F. Association of fractures with the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2017; 18:419-425. [PMID: 28316249 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2017.1300287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated bone turnover observed in ALS patients suggests poor bone health and increased fracture risk. We therefore evaluated the relationship of fracture to subsequent ALS risk. METHODS We followed 4,529,460 Swedes from 1987 to 2010 and identified ALS and fractures from the Swedish National Patient Register. We examined associations of ALS risk with all fractures, osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic fractures, and traumatic and non-traumatic fractures among individuals aged 30-80 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We analysed the association of ALS with time since fracture using a Poisson regression model. RESULTS All fractures (HR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.39-1.65) as well as osteoporotic (HR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.41-1.79), non-osteoporotic (HR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.31-1.63), traumatic (HR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.37-1.63), and non-traumatic (HR: 1.80, 95% CI 1.35-2.40) fractures were associated with a higher incidence of ALS. Increased ALS incidence was associated with fractures occurring from one (HR: 2.33, 95% CI 2.04-2.66) to 18 (HR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.43) years before ALS diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Poor bone health may be related to ALS. These findings may offer insight into ALS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Peters
- a Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA , and
| | - Caroline E Weibull
- a Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- a Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Dale P Sandler
- b Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA , and
| | - Paul C Lambert
- a Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Health Sciences , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
| | - Weimin Ye
- a Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Freya Kamel
- b Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA , and
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Smith JT, Schneider AD, Katchko KM, Yun C, Hsu EL. Environmental Factors Impacting Bone-Relevant Chemokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28261155 PMCID: PMC5306137 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play an important role in normal bone physiology and the pathophysiology of many bone diseases. The recent increased focus on the individual roles of this class of proteins in the context of bone has shown that members of the two major chemokine subfamilies-CC and CXC-support or promote the formation of new bone and the remodeling of existing bone in response to a myriad of stimuli. These chemotactic molecules are crucial in orchestrating appropriate cellular homing, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis during normal bone repair. Bone healing is a complex cascade of carefully regulated processes, including inflammation, progenitor cell recruitment, differentiation, and remodeling. The extensive role of chemokines in these processes and the known links between environmental contaminants and chemokine expression/activity leaves ample opportunity for disruption of bone healing by environmental factors. However, despite increased clinical awareness, the potential impact of many of these environmental factors on bone-related chemokines is still ill defined. A great deal of focus has been placed on environmental exposure to various endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, phthalate esters, etc.), volatile organic compounds, dioxins, and heavy metals, though mainly in other tissues. Awareness of the impact of other less well-studied bone toxicants, such as fluoride, mold and fungal toxins, asbestos, and chlorine, is also reviewed. In many cases, the literature on these toxins in osteogenic models is lacking. However, research focused on their effects in other tissues and cell lines provides clues for where future resources could be best utilized. This review aims to serve as a current and exhaustive resource detailing the known links between several classes of high-interest environmental pollutants and their interaction with the chemokines relevant to bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D. Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karina M. Katchko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin L. Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Erin L. Hsu,
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Álvarez-Lloret P, Lee CM, Conti MI, Terrizzi AR, González-López S, Martínez MP. Effects of chronic lead exposure on bone mineral properties in femurs of growing rats. Toxicology 2016; 377:64-72. [PMID: 27915097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure has been associated with several defective skeletal growth processes and bone mineral alterations. The aim of the present study is to make a more detailed description of the toxic effects of lead intoxication on bone intrinsic material properties as mineral composition, morphology and microstructural characteristics. For this purpose, Wistar rats were exposed (n=12) to 1000ppm lead acetate in drinking water for 90days while control group (n=8) were treated with sodium acetate. Femurs were examined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Computed Tomography (μCT). Results showed that femur from the lead-exposed rats had higher carbonate content in bone mineral and (Ca2++Mg2++ Na+)/P ratio values, although no variations were observed in crystal maturity and crystallite size. From morphological analyses, lead exposure rats showed a decreased in trabecular bone surface and distribution while trabecular thickness and cortical area increased. These overall effects indicate a similar mechanism of bone maturation normally associated to age-related processes. These responses are correlated with the adverse actions induced by lead on the processes regulating bone turnover mechanism. This information may explain the osteoporosis diseases associated to lead intoxication as well as the risk of fracture observed in populations exposed to this toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Álvarez-Lloret
- Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ching Ming Lee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Inés Conti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela Romina Terrizzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María Pilar Martínez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Fisiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tsai TL, Pan WH, Chung YT, Wu TN, Tseng YC, Liou SH, Wang SL. Association between urinary lead and bone health in a general population from Taiwan. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:481-487. [PMID: 26152405 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lead accumulates in adult bones for many decades; previous studies have shown lead's detrimental effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity in association with bone remodeling. Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones resulting in low bone mass that induces fragile bones and hence susceptibility of fracture. We estimated the association between urinary lead (U-Pb) levels and bone health in adults participating in the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) from 2005 to 2008. A total of 398 participants were divided into normal (T-score>-1), osteopenic (T-score between -1 and -2.5), or osteoporotic (T-score<-2.5) groups according to the results of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Heavy metals were measured in urine specimens using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (OR=1.08; 95% CI=1.05-1.10), former smokers (OR=2.95; 95% CI=1.22-7.11) and higher U-Pb levels than upper tertile (OR=2.30; 95% CI=1.19-4.48) were associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Furthermore, age (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.02-1.10) and higher U-Pb levels (OR=2.81; 95% CI=1.13-6.97) were significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in women. These results suggest that adults, particularly in women, with higher U-Pb levels may have increased odds of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Teh Chung
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Neng Wu
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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24
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Behrend C, Carmouche J, Millhouse PW, Ritter L, Moskal J, Rubery P, Puzas E. Allogeneic and Autogenous Bone Grafts Are Affected by Historical Donor Environmental Exposure. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016; 474:1405-9. [PMID: 26511634 PMCID: PMC4868162 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-015-4572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone graft materials are routinely evaluated for infectious agents; however, data regarding contamination of bone graft from environmental exposure of the donors to osteotoxic substances such as lead are not routinely available. In animal models, stored lead in bone has been shown to impair fracture healing and osteocyte function. In clinical studies, lead is linked to skeletal disease at relatively low concentrations. Presumably the levels of lead in allografts mirror the level of lead in bone in the population; however, the degree to which processing might decrease this and the frequency with which potentially osteotoxic levels appear in bone grafts have not been studied. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Does processing of donor bone for allografts result in lower concentrations of lead in commercial allograft when compared with autologous bone graft; and (2) what proportion of bone grafts contain potentially osteotoxic levels of lead from > 2.0 to 20.0 µg/g corresponding to environmental exposure? METHODS Allograft from commercial sources and autologous bone graft materials were examined for lead content using ICP- atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis. We analyzed bone graft specimens from 42 donors, including 26 corticocancellous tibial specimens from commercially available bone graft materials and 16 autograft corticocancellous tibial specimens. Lead levels were determined for the cortical (n = 42) and cancellous (n = 42) portions of each specimen. For quality control, all instruments, plastic and glassware, were regularly tested for lead contamination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry throughout the experiments. In addition, spectrophotometer calibration was verified using Standard Reference Material 1486 bone meal (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Using these techniques, a lead level > 2 µg/g to 20 µg/g corresponds to some degree of environmental exposure to lead. RESULTS With the numbers available in the present study, there were no differences in mean lead level between commercial bone graft materials and autogenous bone graft, 2.1 µg/g (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.3 µg/g) versus 2.0 µg/g (95% CI, 1.0-4.5 µg/g; p = 0.86). The range for all tested samples varied from < 0.1 to 5.0 µg/g. Likewise, there were no differences in mean lead level between cortical bone grafts, which contained 2.2 µg/g (95% CI, 1.5-3.7 µg/g), and cancellous grafts, which contained 1.9 µg/g (95% CI, 1.2-3.4 µg/g; p = 0.58). Thirty-eight percent (16 of 42) of the specimens had levels between 2.0 µg/g and 20 µg/g within a range expected for individuals with known environmental exposure to lead. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that lead is present in up to one-third of tibial allograft and autograft bone specimens at potentially osteotoxic levels regardless of the source or screening. Further research is needed to delineate the relationship with nonunion or pseudoarthrosis after procedures in which allograft is used. In addition, further study would examine concentrations of lead and other environmental contaminants in other graft types. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Comparable levels of lead exposure have been associated with toxic effects on skeletal tissue. Further study of bone graft used in fusion procedures and other procedures is necessary to define the magnitude of osteotoxic effects in the setting of fracture care or fusion procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Behrend
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 3 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
| | - Jonathon Carmouche
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 3 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Paul W Millhouse
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Moskal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, 3 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Paul Rubery
- School of Medicine and Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward Puzas
- School of Medicine and Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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25
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Brennan-Olsen SL, Page RS, Berk M, Riancho JA, Leslie WD, Wilson SG, Saban KL, Janusek L, Pasco JA, Hodge JM, Quirk SE, Hyde NK, Hosking SM, Williams LJ. DNA methylation and the social gradient of osteoporotic fracture: A conceptual model. Bone 2016; 84:204-212. [PMID: 26723576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there is a documented social gradient for osteoporosis, the underlying mechanism(s) for that gradient remain unknown. We propose a conceptual model based upon the allostatic load theory, to suggest how DNA methylation (DNAm) might underpin the social gradient in osteoporosis and fracture. We hypothesise that social disadvantage is associated with priming of inflammatory pathways mediated by epigenetic modification that leads to an enhanced state of inflammatory reactivity and oxidative stress, and thus places socially disadvantaged individuals at greater risk of osteoporotic fracture. METHODS/RESULTS Based on a review of the literature, we present a conceptual model in which social disadvantage increases stress throughout the lifespan, and engenders a proinflammatory epigenetic signature, leading to a heightened inflammatory state that increases risk for osteoporotic fracture in disadvantaged groups that are chronically stressed. CONCLUSIONS Our model proposes that, in addition to the direct biological effects exerted on bone by factors such as physical activity and nutrition, the recognised socially patterned risk factors for osteoporosis also act via epigenetic-mediated dysregulation of inflammation. DNAm is a dynamic modulator of gene expression with considerable relevance to the field of osteoporosis. Elucidating the extent to which this epigenetic mechanism transduces the psycho-social environment to increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture may yield novel entry points for intervention that can be used to reduce individual and population-wide risks for osteoporotic fracture. Specifically, an epigenetic evidence-base may strengthen the importance of lifestyle modification and stress reduction programs, and help to reduce health inequities across social groups. MINI ABSTRACT Our conceptual model proposes how DNA methylation might underpin the social gradient in osteoporotic fracture. We suggest that social disadvantage is associated with priming of inflammatory signalling pathways, which is mediated by epigenetic modifications, leading to a chronically heightened inflammatory state that places disadvantaged individuals at greater risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Brennan-Olsen
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Melbourne, C/- Sunshine Hospital, Furlong Road, Melbourne, 3021, VIC, Australia; Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia.
| | - Richard S Page
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia; Barwon Orthopaedic Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - José A Riancho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, 6009, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, WA, Australia; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karen L Saban
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Centre of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Linda Janusek
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M Hodge
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Shae E Quirk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie K Hyde
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah M Hosking
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, C/- Barwon Health, Ryrie Street, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia
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26
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Hussein SA, Hassanein MRR, Amin A, Hussein AHM. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Rat Kidney Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Lead. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbmb.2016.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Beier EE, Holz JD, Sheu TJ, Puzas JE. Elevated Lifetime Lead Exposure Impedes Osteoclast Activity and Produces an Increase in Bone Mass in Adolescent Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:277-88. [PMID: 26518054 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal lead (Pb) has a deleterious effect on skeletal health. Because bone mass is maintained through a balance of bone formation and resorption, it is important to understand the effect of Pb levels on osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. Pb exposure is associated with low bone mass in animal models and human populations; however, the correlation between Pb dosing and corresponding bone mass has been poorly explored. Thus, mice were exposed to increasing Pb and at higher levels (500 ppm), there was unexpectedly an increase in femur-tibial bone mass by 3 months of age. This is contrary to several studies alluded to earlier. Increased bone volume (BV) was accompanied by a significant increase in cortical thickness of the femur and trabecular bone that extended beyond the epiphyseal area into the marrow cavity. Subsequent evaluations revealed an increase in osteoclast numbers with high Pb exposure, but a deficiency in osteoclastic activity. These findings were substantiated by observed increases in levels of the resorption-altering hormones calcitonin and estrogen. In addition we found that pro-osteoclastic nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) pathway activity was dose dependently elevated with Pb, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the ability of osteoclasts to resorb bone was depressed in the presence of Pb in media and within test bone wafers. These findings indicate that exposure to high Pb levels disrupts early life bone accrual that may involve a disruption of osteoclast activity. This study accentuates the dose dependent variation in Pb exposure and consequent effects on skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Beier
- *Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, 14624; and
| | - Jonathan D Holz
- *Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, 14624; and Department of Math and Natural Sciences, D'Youville College, Buffalo, New York, 14201
| | | | - J Edward Puzas
- *Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, 14624; and
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28
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Cole G, Weigel J, Headrick A, Adams W, Biskup J. Multiple pathological fractures and delayed union associated with lead exposure in a German Shepherd Dog. Aust Vet J 2015; 93:373-6. [PMID: 26412119 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT An 8-year-old 40.8-kg intact male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated for bilateral antebrachial fractures. Radiographs revealed osteopenia and comminuted proximal diaphyseal fractures of the left radius and ulna, and proximal articular fracture of the right ulna. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan confirmed decreased bone mineral density. Bone mineral analysis collected at the time of definitive surgical repair demonstrated high lead concentration. Analysis further demonstrated normal bone calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Serum lead concentration was normal. The left radial and ulnar fractures were surgically stabilised with an external fixator. The right ulnar fracture was splinted. The left antebrachial fractures were palpably unstable at 12 weeks after surgery. Moderate callus formation and incomplete bone union were present at 17 weeks postoperatively. The dog was re-presented 15 months later for right metacarpal and left metatarsal fractures, which were managed conservatively. Complete bone union of the right radial and ulnar fractures was not present at that time. CONCLUSION Excessive lead accumulation in bone should be considered as a differential diagnosis for increased susceptibility to pathologic fracture and delayed fracture healing in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cole
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Weigel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - A Headrick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - W Adams
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J Biskup
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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29
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Patnaik R, Padhy RN. Probit analysis of comparative assays on toxicities of lead chloride and lead acetate to in vitro cultured human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. Interdiscip Toxicol 2015; 8:35-43. [PMID: 27486358 PMCID: PMC4961924 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes that cytotoxicity of lead chloride and lead acetate to in vitro cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood, using four monitoring methods namely, trypan blue staining, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake assays; lead genotoxicity to lymphocytes was monitored by comet assay. The MIC value in each method was invariably 300 mg/L for PbCl2. Lethal concentration25 (LC25) values were almost in an agreeable range: 691.83 to 831.76 mg/L; LC50 values in each method were almost in the range: 1174.9 to 1348.9 mg/L; LC100 values were in the range: 3000 to 3300 mg/L, for lead chloride. Similarly, The MIC value in each method were invariably 150 mg/L; LC25 values were almost in the range: 295.12 to 371.53 mg/L; LC50 values were in the range: 501.18 to 588.84 mg/L; LC100 value was 1500 mg/L in all assays, for lead acetate. The comet assay also indicated that the LC100 values were 3300 mg/L lead chloride and 1500 mg/L lead acetate. Thus, both cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were recorded at 3300 mg/L lead chloride and 1500 mg/L lead acetate with lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Patnaik
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra N Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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30
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Brito JAA, Costa IM, E Silva AM, Marques JMS, Zagalo CM, Cavaleiro IIB, Fernandes TAP, Gonçalves LL. Changes in bone Pb accumulation: cause and effect of altered bone turnover. Bone 2014; 64:228-34. [PMID: 24768754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses the magnitude of Pb uptake in cortical and trabecular bones in healthy animals and animals with altered balance in bone turnover, and the impact of exposure to Pb on serum markers of bone formation and resorption. The results reported herein provide physiological evidence that Pb distributes differently in central compartments in Pb metabolism, such as cortical and trabecular bones, in healthy animals and animals with altered balance in bone turnover, and that exposure to Pb does have an impact on bone resorption resulting in OC-dependent osteopenia. These findings show that Pb may play a role in the etiology of osteoporosis and that its concentration in bones varies as a result of altered bone turnover characteristic of this disease, a long standing question in the field. In addition, data collected in this study are consistent with previous observations of increased half-life of Pb in bone at higher exposures. This evidence is relevant for the necessary revision of current physiologically based kinetic models for Pb in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A A Brito
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Isabel M Costa
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Maia E Silva
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José M S Marques
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Zagalo
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês I B Cavaleiro
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tânia A P Fernandes
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luísa L Gonçalves
- WDXRFLab, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja-Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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31
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Chen X, Wang K, Wang Z, Gan C, He P, Liang Y, Jin T, Zhu G. Effects of lead and cadmium co-exposure on bone mineral density in a Chinese population. Bone 2014; 63:76-80. [PMID: 24607944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been indicated that both cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) may have adverse effects on the bone. However, most studies have only focused on a single factor. The primary and main and interactive effects of Cd and Pb on bone mineral density (BMD) in a Chinese population were observed in this study. A total of 321 individuals (202 women and 119 men), aged 27 years and older, living in control and polluted areas, were recruited to participate in this study. The BMD was measured through dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the proximal radius and ulna. The samples of urine and blood were collected to determine the levels of Cd and Pb in the urine (UCd and UPb) and blood (BCd and BPb). The Cd and Pb levels of people living in the polluted area were significantly higher than those living in the control area (p<0.05). The BMD of women living in polluted area was significantly lower than that of women living in the control area (p<0.05). Furthermore, the BMD decreased with increasing of BCd (p<0.05), BPb and UPb in women. The likelihood of low BMD was associated with higher BCd in women (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.11-5.43) and BPb in men (OR=4.49, 95% CI: 1.37-14.6). The relative extra risk index of low BMD for female and male subjects with both high levels of BCd and BPb was 0.45 and 1.16, respectively. This study strengthens previous evidence that cadmium and lead may influence the bone and also demonstrates that cadmium and lead may have interactive effects on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Radiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Keyue Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zuiyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Caohui Gan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Occupation Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihuai Liang
- Department of Occupation Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupation Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Terrizzi AR, Fernandez-Solari J, Lee CM, Martínez MP, Conti MI. Lead intoxication under environmental hypoxia impairs oral health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1304-1310. [PMID: 25268557 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.938209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that chronic lead intoxication under hypoxic environment induces alveolar bone loss that can lead to periodontal damage with the subsequent loss of teeth. The aim of the present study was to assess the modification of oral inflammatory parameters involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in the same experimental model. In gingival tissue, hypoxia increased inducible nitric oxid synthase (iNOS) activity (p < .01) and meanwhile lead decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content (p < .05). In submandibular gland (SMG), iNOS activity was enhanced by lead and PGE2 content was increased by both lead and hypoxia (p < .01) and even more by combined treatments (p < .001). In the SMG, hypoxia stimulated angiogenesis (p < .01) with blood extravasation. Adrenal glands were 22% bigger in those animals exposed to lead under hypoxic conditions. Results suggest a wide participation of inflammatory markers that mediate alveolar bone loss induced by these environmental conditions. The lack of information regarding oral health in lead-contaminated populations that coexist with hypoxia induced us to evaluate the alteration of inflammatory parameters in rat oral tissues to elucidate the link between periodontal damage and these environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela R Terrizzi
- a Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry , University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Yang H, Huo X, Yekeen TA, Zheng Q, Zheng M, Xu X. Effects of lead and cadmium exposure from electronic waste on child physical growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4441-7. [PMID: 23247522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies indicate that lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure may alter bone development through both direct and indirect mechanisms, increasing the risk of osteoporosis later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Pb and Cd exposure, physical growth, and bone and calcium metabolism in children of an electronic waste (e-waste) processing area. We recruited 246 children (3-8 years) in a kindergarten located in Guiyu, China. Blood lead levels (BLLs) and blood cadmium levels (BCLs) of recruited children were measured as biomarkers for exposure. Serum calcium, osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and urinary deoxypyridinoline were used as biomarkers for bone and calcium metabolism. Physical indexes such as height, weight, and head and chest circumference were also measured. The mean values of BLLs and BCLs obtained were 7.30 μg/dL and 0.69 μg/L, respectively. The average of BCLs increased with age. In multiple linear regression analysis, BLLs were negatively correlated with both height and weight, and positively correlated with bone resorption biomarkers. Neither bone nor calcium metabolic biomarkers showed significant correlation with cadmium. Childhood lead exposure affected both physical development and increased bone resorption of children in Guiyu. Primitive e-waste recycling may threaten the health of children with elevated BLL which may eventually cause adult osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, No.22 Xinling Rd., Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People's Republic of China
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Rodríguez-Estival J, Álvarez-Lloret P, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Mateo R. Chronic effects of lead (Pb) on bone properties in red deer and wild boar: relationship with vitamins A and D3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 174:142-9. [PMID: 23262069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we study the occurrence of abnormalities on bone tissue composition and turnover mechanisms through the Pb-mediated disruption of vitamins A and D in wild ungulates living in a lead (Pb)-polluted mining area. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the mining area had significantly higher liver and bone Pb levels than controls, which were associated with the depletion of liver retinyl esters and the corresponding increase of free retinol levels both in deer and boar from the mining area. Pb-exposed adult deer had lower carbonate content in bone mineral than controls, which was associated with the increased free retinol percentage. In wild boar, the degree of bone mineralization was also positively associated with higher burdens of retinyl esters. These results suggest that Pb-associated changes in bone composition and mineralization is likely influenced by the depletion of vitamin A in wildlife exposed to environmental Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Conti MI, Terrizzi AR, Lee CM, Mandalunis PM, Bozzini C, Piñeiro AE, Martínez MDP. Effects of lead exposure on growth and bone biology in growing rats exposed to simulated high altitude. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:1033-1037. [PMID: 22456729 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The existence of children living at high altitude suffering from lead (Pb) poisoning prompted us to investigate the long term effects of this pollutant on growth and bone biology in growing rats maintained at simulated high altitude (SHA). Pb and hypoxia (HX) significantly reduced body weight (-9.4 % and -24 %; p < 0.01) and length (-3 % and -8 %; p < 0.01); decreased femoral ultimate load (-16 % and -40 %; p < 0.01) and femoral energy absorption capacity (-18 % and -74 %; p < 0.01). Oral pathologic alterations were observed in experimental groups. Our findings revealed growth retardation and damages on femoral and mandibular bones that predispose to fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Conti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology, University of Buenos Aires, MT Alvear 2142, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kianoush S, Balali-Mood M, Mousavi SR, Moradi V, Sadeghi M, Dadpour B, Rajabi O, Shakeri MT. Comparison of therapeutic effects of garlic and d-Penicillamine in patients with chronic occupational lead poisoning. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:476-81. [PMID: 22151785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on animals have revealed that garlic (Allium sativum) is effective in reducing blood and tissue lead concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic effects of garlic and compare it with d-penicillamine in patients with chronic lead poisoning. After coordination and obtaining informed consent, clinical examinations and blood lead concentration (BLC) of 117 workers at a car battery industry were investigated. BLC was determined by heated graphite atomization technique of an atomic absorption spectrometer. The workers were randomly assigned into two groups of garlic (1200 μg allicin, three times daily) and d-penicillamine (250 mg, three times daily) and treated for 4 weeks. BLC was determined again 10days post-treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms of lead poisoning were also investigated and compared with the initial findings. Clinical improvement was significant in a number of clinical manifestations including irritability (p = 0.031), headache (p = 0.028), decreased deep tendon reflex (p=0.019) and mean systolic blood pressure (0.021) after treatment with garlic, but not d-penicillamine. BLCs were reduced significantly (p=0.002 and p=0.025) from 426.32±185.128 to 347.34±121.056 μg/L and from 417.47±192.54 to 315.76±140.00μg/L in the garlic and d-penicillamine groups, respectively, with no significant difference (p=0.892) between the two groups. The frequency of side effects was significantly (p=0.023) higher in d-penicillamine than in the garlic group. Thus, garlic seems safer clinically and as effective as d-penicillamine. Therefore, garlic can be recommended for the treatment of mild-to-moderate lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kianoush
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Haleagraha N, Jackie T, Chakravart S, Kulur AB. Protective Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid Against Lead Acetate-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Bone Marrow of Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.217.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Haleagrahara N, Jackie T, Chakravarthi S, Rao M, Pasupathi T. Protective effects of Etlingera elatior extract on lead acetate-induced changes in oxidative biomarkers in bone marrow of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2688-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arora M, Weuve J, Weisskopf MG, Sparrow D, Nie H, Garcia RI, Hu H. Cumulative lead exposure and tooth loss in men: the normative aging study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1531-4. [PMID: 20019902 PMCID: PMC2790506 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals previously exposed to lead remain at risk because of endogenous release of lead stored in their skeletal compartments. However, it is not known if long-term cumulative lead exposure is a risk factor for tooth loss. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of bone lead concentrations with loss of natural teeth. METHODS We examined 333 men enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. We used a validated K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) method to measure lead concentrations in the tibial midshaft and patella. A dentist recorded the number of teeth remaining, and tooth loss was categorized as 0, 1-8 or > or = 9 missing teeth. We used proportional odds models to estimate the association of bone lead biomarkers with tooth loss, adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, and other putative confounders. RESULTS Participants with > or = 9 missing teeth had significantly higher bone lead concentrations than those who had not experienced tooth loss. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, men in the highest tertile of tibia lead (> 23 microg/g) and patella lead (> 36 microg/g) had approximately three times the odds of having experienced an elevated degree of tooth loss (> or = 9 vs. 0-8 missing teeth or > or = 1 vs. 0 missing teeth) as those in the lowest tertile [prevalence odds ratio (OR) = 3.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60-5.76 and OR = 2.41; 95% CI, 1.30-4.49, respectively]. Associations between bone lead biomarkers and tooth loss were similar in magnitude to the increased odds observed in participants who were current smokers. CONCLUSION Long-term cumulative lead exposure is associated with increased odds of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Arora
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Lloyd-Smith M, Sheffield-Brotherton B. Children's environmental health: intergenerational equity in action--a civil society perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1140:190-200. [PMID: 18991917 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1454.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since World War II, approximately 80,000 new commercial synthetic chemicals have been released into the environment, with approximately 1500 new chemicals released annually. Most of these have not been adequately tested for their impacts on human health or their particular impacts on children and the developing fetus. Yet, children are exposed to hazardous chemicals through residues in their food, indoor and outdoor air pollution, and through household products and contaminated house dust. Many of these synthetic chemicals are persistent and bio-accumulative, remaining in the human body long after exposure. Developing fetuses acquire toxic chemicals that have bioaccumulated in the mother's body and readily cross the placental barrier. Babies are now born with many man-made chemicals in their small bodies. Newborns take in more through breast milk or formula. There are no tests to assess the combined impacts of the "chemical soup" to which children are exposed. WHO, UNICEF, and UNEP have reported a growing number of children's health impacts caused by exposure to hazardous chemicals, including asthma, birth defects, hypospadias, behavioral disorders, learning disabilities, autism, cancer, dysfunctional immune systems, neurological impairments, and reproductive disorders. WHO states that approximately 3 million children under the age of five die every year due to environmental hazards, and this is not limited to developing countries. All children, both in the developing and developed world are affected by exposure to hazardous chemicals. In 2004, the European Union's Ministerial Conference on Children's Environmental Health identified air pollution, unsafe water conditions, and lead exposure as the main culprits in the death and disabling of children in Europe. The conference found that by reducing exposure to hazardous chemicals, the lives of many children could be saved. The key issues in children's environmental health and potential policy and management remedies are examined from both national (Australian) and international perspectives.
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Campanella R, Mielke HW. Human geography of New Orleans' high-lead geochemical setting. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2008; 30:531-40. [PMID: 18563588 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous soil lead studies in New Orleans focused on the geochemical footprint and its health impacts. This study examines the human geography of race, income, and age in pre-Katrina metropolitan New Orleans within the context of lead accumulation in soils. Sample points of soil lead data (n = 5,467) collected in 1998-2000 were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS), binned into 9 ranges, and queried by (1) 2000 Census racial demographic data, (2) 1999 median household income, and (3) 2000 age data. The absolute population generally declines as lead levels increase except at lead levels from 200-400 to 400-1,000 mg/kg when population increases; the African-American population comprises a disproportionate share of this cohort. The high-lead areas occur in the inner city, home to the largest populations of African-Americans in New Orleans. The mean household income curve indicates that lower economic groups are at risk to higher levels of lead. A total of 44,701 children under the age of 5 years, plus 123,579 children aged 5-17, lived in census block groups containing at least one sample point with over 100 mg/kg lead, and these include 23,124 and 64,064 young people, respectively, who live near at least one point over 400 mg/kg. Lead exposure affects a panoply of outcomes that influence the health and welfare of the community. Unless corrected, children are likely to return to the same or, because of lack of lead-safe practices during renovation, even higher exposure risks than before the flooding of New Orleans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Campanella
- Center for Bioenvironmental Research/Earth and Environmental Sciences, 102E Alcee Fortier Hall, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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Brown RW, Gonzales C, Hooper MJ, Bayat AC, Fornerette AM, McBride TJ, Longoria T, Mielke HW. Soil lead (Pb) in residential transects through Lubbock, Texas: a preliminary assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2008; 30:541-547. [PMID: 18546057 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-008-9180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Residential lead (Pb) contamination, resulting from decades-long use of leaded gasoline and lead-based paint, is likely to be present in soils in most urban areas. A screening level sampling effort demonstrated that Lubbock, Texas, USA, like other cities of its age and size, has areas of elevated soil Pb. This effort was based on soil sampling performed on residential, commercial and thoroughfare properties. The focus of this study was to investigate that component of soil contamination due to combustion of leaded gasoline. Soils were collected from the 1-2 cm surface layer from street-side property borders, well away from buildings that might lead to soil contamination from leaded paint chips. All samples were analyzed for Pb after a 1 M HNO(3) mild extraction to determine the amount of bioavailable Pb. Two of three transects through the city demonstrated significant trends of decreasing Pb concentrations with distance from the city center, paralleling a decrease in developed property age. Peak soil Pb concentrations outside city development was 4.9 +/- 0.6 mg/kg while the median concentration for the city was 35.4 mg/kg. Peak soil Pb concentrations in the city center ranged from 90.0 to 174.0 mg/kg and decreased exponentially to 6.0-9.0 mg/kg at the furthest terminus of the residential transects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray W Brown
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163, USA.
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Abstract
In this paper I examine claims of racial difference in bone density and find that the use and definitions of race in medicine lack a theoretical foundation. My central argument is that the social produces the biological in a system of constant feedback between body and social experience. By providing a different angle of vision on claimed racial differences I hope to move the conversation away from an ultimately futile discussion of nature versus nurture, where time is held constant and place seen as irrelevant, and begin to build a new paradigm for examining the contributions of geographic ancestry, individual lifecycle experience, race, and gender to varied patterns of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fausto-Sterling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Ruppel ME, Miller LM, Burr DB. The effect of the microscopic and nanoscale structure on bone fragility. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19:1251-65. [PMID: 18317862 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density is the gold-standard for assessing bone quantity and diagnosing osteoporosis. Although bone mineral density measurements assess the quantity of bone, the quality of the tissue is an important predictor of fragility. Understanding the macro- and nanoscale properties of bone is critical to understanding bone fragility in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease that affects more than 75 million people worldwide. The gold standard for osteoporosis prognosis, bone mineral density, primarily measures the quantity of bone in the skeleton, overlooking more subtle aspects of bone's properties. Bone quality, a measure of bone's architecture, geometry and material properties, is evaluated via mechanical, structural and chemical testing. Although decreased BMD indicates tissue fragility at the clinical level, changes in the substructure of bone can help indicate how bone quality is altered in osteoporosis. Additionally, mechanical properties which can quantify fragility, or bone's inability to resist fracture, can be changed due to alterations in bone architecture and composition. Recent studies have focused on examination of bone on the nanoscale, suggesting the importance of understanding the interactions of the mineral crystals and collagen fibrils and how they can alter bone quality. It is therefore important to understand alterations in bone that occur at the macro-, micro- and nanoscopic levels to determine what parameters contribute to decreased bone quality in diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ruppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Relationship of blood lead levels to incident nonspine fractures and falls in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:1417-25. [PMID: 18410230 PMCID: PMC2683156 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lead is stored in the skeleton and can serve as an endogenous source for many years. Lead may influence the risk of fracture, through direct effects on bone strength or indirectly by disturbing neuromuscular function and increasing the risk of falls. The objective of this analysis is to test the hypothesis that women with higher blood lead levels experience higher rates of falls and fracture. This was a prospective cohort study of 533 women 65-87 yr of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures at two U.S. research centers (Baltimore, MD; Monongahela Valley, PA) from 1986 to 1988. Blood lead levels (in microg/dl) were measured in 1990-1991 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and classified as "low" (<or=3; lower 15th percentile, referent); "medium" (4-7); or "high" (>or=8; upper 15th percentile). Total hip BMD was measured by DXA twice, 3.55 yr apart. Information on falls was collected every 4 mo for 4 yr. Incident nonspine fractures were identified and confirmed over 10 yr. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of fracture. Generalized estimating equations were used to calculate the incident rate ratio of falls (95% CI). The mean blood lead level was 5.3 +/- 2.3 (SD) microg/dl (range, 1-21 microg/dl). Baseline BMD was 7% lower in total hip and 5% lower in femoral neck in the highest compared with lowest blood lead group (p < 0.02). Hip bone loss tended to be greater in the high lead group, but differences were not significant. In multivariable adjusted models, women with high blood lead levels had an increased risk of nonspine fracture (HR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.25, 5.03; p trend = 0.016) and higher risk of falls (incident rate ratio = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.45; p trend = 0.014) compared with women with lowest lead level. Blood lead levels are associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures, extending the negative health consequences of lead to include osteoporotic fractures.
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Theppeang K, Glass TA, Bandeen-Roche K, Todd AC, Rohde CA, Links JM, Schwartz BS. Associations of bone mineral density and lead levels in blood, tibia, and patella in urban-dwelling women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:784-790. [PMID: 18560535 PMCID: PMC2430235 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the relations between bone mineral density (BMD) and lead in blood, tibia, and patella and to investigate how BMD modifies these lead biomarkers in older women. DESIGN In this study, we used cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS We studied 112 women, 50-70 years of age, including both whites and African Americans, residing in Baltimore, Maryland. MEASUREMENTS We measured lumbar spine BMD, blood and bone lead by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, and (109)Cd-induced K-shell X-ray fluorescence, respectively. We measured vitamin D receptor and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes using standard methods. RESULTS Mean (+/- SD) BMD and lead levels in blood, tibia, and patella were 1.02+/-0.16 g/cm(2), 3.3+/-2.2 microg/dL, 19.7+/-13.2 microg/g, and 5.7+/-15.3 microg/g, respectively. In adjusted analysis, higher BMD was associated with higher tibia lead levels (p=0.03). BMD was not associated with lead levels in blood or patella. There was evidence of significant effect modification by BMD on relations of physical activity with blood lead levels and by APOE genotype on relations of BMD with tibia lead levels. There was no evidence that BMD modified relations between tibia lead or patella lead and blood lead levels. CONCLUSIONS We believe that BMD represents the capacity of bone that can store lead, by substitution for calcium, and thus the findings may have relevance for effect-size estimates in persons with higher BMD. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results have implications for changes in lead kinetics with aging, and thus the related risk of health effects associated with substantial early- and midlife lead exposure in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keson Theppeang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | - Thomas A. Glass
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Andrew C. Todd
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Brian S. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Najar-Nezhad V, Aslani MR, Balali-Mood M. Evaluation of allicin for the treatment of experimentally induced subacute lead poisoning in sheep. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 126:141-7. [PMID: 18719860 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is known to reduce lead toxicity in some species of animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of allicin, one of the most active components of garlic, in the treatment of subacute lead intoxication in sheep. Nine female sheep weighing 25-29 kg orally received a daily dose of 80 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate for 5 days. The animals were then assigned into two groups. Group 1 did not receive any further treatment and was used as the control group and group 2 was treated orally by 2.7 mg/kg body weight of allicin twice daily for 7 days. Within one day following allicin treatment, group 2 blood lead levels were significantly lower than that in group 1 (mean of 616.9 microg/l and 290.02 microg/l, respectively; P < 0.05). Also, allicin treatment significantly reduced kidney lead content and considerably reduced bone and ovary lead contents. These results suggest that allicin might have some therapeutic effects on lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Najar-Nezhad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Mielke HW, Gonzales CR, Powell E, Jartun M, Mielke PW. Nonlinear association between soil lead and blood lead of children in metropolitan New Orleans, Louisiana: 2000-2005. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2007; 388:43-53. [PMID: 17884147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Metropolitan New Orleans is unique because it has a universal blood lead (BL) screening dataset (n=55,551) from 2000-2005 spatially coupled with a soil lead (SL) dataset (n=5467) completed in 2000. We evaluated empirical associations between measurements of SL and BL exposure responses of children in New Orleans by stratifying the databases by Census Tracts and statistically analyzing them with permutation methods. A consistent curvilinear association occurred annually between SL and BL with robust significance (P-values<10(-23)). The mathematical model of the pooled BL datasets for 2000-2005 is: BL=2.038+0.172 x (SL)(0.5) (agreement (R) of 0.534, an r(2) of 0.528, and a P-value of 1.0 x 10(-211)) indicating that chance alone cannot explain the association. Below 100 mg/kg SL children's BL exposure response is steep (1.4 microg/dL per 100 mg/kg), while above 300 mg/kg SL the BL exposure response is gradual (0.32 microg/dL per 100 mg/kg). In 1995, the BL prevalence was 37%>or=10 microg/dL for the most vulnerable poor and predominantly African-American children. In the era of universal screening the prevalence of elevated BL is 11.8%>or=10 microg/dL for the general population of children. The SL map describes community variations of potential BL exposure. If health effects occur at BL>or=2 microg/dL, then 93.5% of the children in New Orleans are at risk. These results reinforce the proposal that prevention of childhood Pb exposure must include SL remediation as demonstrated by a New Orleans pilot project and a proactive Norwegian government program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard W Mielke
- Xavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, USA.
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Bellis DJ, Hetter KM, Verostek MF, Parsons PJ. Characterization of candidate reference materials for bone lead via interlaboratory study and double isotope dilution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2007; 23:298-308. [PMID: 23087531 PMCID: PMC3477175 DOI: 10.1039/b710808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Four candidate ground bone reference materials (NYS RMs 05-01 through 04), were produced from lead-dosed bovine and caprine sources, and characterized by interlaboratory study. The consensus value ( X ) and expanded standard uncertainty (U(X) ) were determined from the robust average and standard deviation of the participants' data for each NYS RM 05-01 through 04. The values were 1.08 ±0.04, 15.3 ±0.5, 12.4 ±0.5, and 29.9 ±1.1 μg g(-1) Pb, respectively. Youden plots of z-scores showed a statistically significant correlation between the results for pairs of NYS RM 05-02 through 04, indicating common sources of between-laboratory variation affecting reproducibility. NYS RM 05-01 exhibited more random variability affecting repeatability at low concentration. Some participants using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) exhibited a negative bias compared to the all-method consensus value. Other methods used included inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), isotope dilution (ID-) ICP-MS, and ICP atomic (optical) emission spectroscopy (-OES). The NYS RMs 05-01 through 04 were subsequently re-analyzed in house using double ID-ICP-MS to assign certified reference values (C ) and expanded uncertainty (U(C) ) of 1.09 ± 0.03, 16.1 ± 0.3, 13.2 ± 0.3 and 31.5 ± 0.7, respectively, indicating a low bias in the interlaboratory data. SRM 1486 Bone Meal was analyzed for measurement quality assessment obtaining results in agreement with the certified values within the stated uncertainty. Analysis using a primary reference method based on ID-ICP-MS with full quantification of uncertainty calculated according to ISO guidelines provided traceability to SI units.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Bellis
- Trace Elements Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Katherine M. Hetter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, PO Box 509, Albany NY, 12201, USA
| | - Mary Frances Verostek
- Trace Elements Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Trace Elements Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University at Albany, State University of New York, PO Box 509, Albany NY, 12201, USA
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