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Wang Z, Archang M, Gurlo T, Wong E, Fraser SE, Butler PC. Application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to monitor glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4170-4178. [PMID: 37799700 PMCID: PMC10549748 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose stimulated insulin secretion is mediated by glucose metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation generating ATP that triggers membrane depolarization and exocytosis of insulin. In stressed beta cells, glucose metabolism is remodeled, with enhanced glycolysis uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in the impaired glucose-mediated insulin secretion characteristic of diabetes. Relative changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation can be monitored in living cells using the 3-component fitting approach of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We engrafted pancreatic islets onto the iris to permit in vivo FLIM monitoring of the trajectory of glucose metabolism. The results show increased oxidative phosphorylation of islet cells (∼90% beta cells) in response to hyperglycemia; in contrast red blood cells traversing the islets maintained exclusive glycolysis as expected in the absence of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Wang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maani Archang
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Wong
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott E. Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter C. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center,
University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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2
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Wieland FC, Sthijns MMJPE, Geuens T, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VLS. The Role of Pancreatic Alpha Cells and Endothelial Cells in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Pseudoislets. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:729057. [PMID: 34568302 PMCID: PMC8458707 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.729057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells have inadequate levels of antioxidant enzymes, and the damage induced by oxidative stress poses a challenge for their use in a therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. It is known that the interaction of the pancreatic endocrine cells with support cells can improve their survival and lead to less vulnerability to oxidative stress. Here we investigated alpha (alpha TC-1), beta (INS1E) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells assembled into aggregates known as pseudoislets as a model of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. We hypothesised that the coculture of alpha, beta and endothelial cells would be protective against oxidative stress. First, we showed that adding endothelial cells decreased the percentage of oxidative stress-positive cells. We then asked if the number of endothelial cells or the size (number of cells) of the pseudoislet could increase the protection against oxidative stress. However, no additional benefit was observed by those changes. On the other hand, we identified a potential supportive effect of the alpha cells in reducing oxidative stress in beta and endothelial cells. We were able to link this to the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by showing that the absence of alpha cells in the pseudoislet caused increased oxidative stress, but the addition of GLP-1 could restore this. Together, these results provide important insights into the roles of alpha and endothelial cells in protecting against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik C Wieland
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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3
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Ilegems E, Berggren PO. The Eye as a Transplantation Site to Monitor Pancreatic Islet Cell Plasticity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652853. [PMID: 33967961 PMCID: PMC8104082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine cells confined in the islets of Langerhans are responsible for the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. In particular, beta cells produce and secrete insulin, an essential hormone regulating glucose uptake and metabolism. An insufficient amount of beta cells or defects in the molecular mechanisms leading to glucose-induced insulin secretion trigger the development of diabetes, a severe disease with epidemic spreading throughout the world. A comprehensive appreciation of the diverse adaptive procedures regulating beta cell mass and function is thus of paramount importance for the understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. While significant findings were obtained by the use of islets isolated from the pancreas, in vitro studies are inherently limited since they lack the many factors influencing pancreatic islet cell function in vivo and do not allow for longitudinal monitoring of islet cell plasticity in the living organism. In this respect a number of imaging methodologies have been developed over the years for the study of islets in situ in the pancreas, a challenging task due to the relatively small size of the islets and their location, scattered throughout the organ. To increase imaging resolution and allow for longitudinal studies in individual islets, another strategy is based on the transplantation of islets into other sites that are more accessible for imaging. In this review we present the anterior chamber of the eye as a transplantation and imaging site for the study of pancreatic islet cell plasticity, and summarize the major research outcomes facilitated by this technological platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Erwin Ilegems, ; Per-Olof Berggren,
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Erwin Ilegems, ; Per-Olof Berggren,
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4
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Wieland FC, Sthijns MMJPE, Geuens T, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VLS. The Role of Alpha Cells in the Self-Assembly of Bioengineered Islets. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1055-1063. [PMID: 33076775 PMCID: PMC8392094 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularization is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges in tissue engineering. Its importance is particularly evident when considering the transplantation of (bioengineered) pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which are highly sensitive to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients for their survival and function. Here we studied pseudoislets of Langerhans, which are three-dimensional spheroids composed of β (INS1E), α (alpha TC-1), and endothelial (HUVEC) cells, and were interested in how the location and prevalence of the different cell types affected the presence of endothelial cells in the pseudoislet. We hypothesized that alpha (α) cells play an essential role in islet self-assembly and the incorporation of endothelial cells into the pseudoislet, and are thus important to consider in tissue engineering or regenerative medicine strategies, which typically focuses on the insulin-producing beta (β) cells alone. We first determined the effect of changing the relative ratios of the cells and found the cell distribution converged on a steady state of ∼21% α cells, 74% β cells, and 5% endothelial cells after 10 days of culture regardless of their respective ratios at seeding. We also found that the incorporation of endothelial cells was related to the pseudoislet size, with more endothelial cells found in the core of larger pseudoislets following a concomitant increase of α cells and a decrease in β cells. Finally, we observed that both endothelial and β cells were found adjacent to α cells significantly more frequently than to each other. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the self-assembly of a pseudoislet is an intrinsically cell-regulated process. The endothelial cells had preferential proximity to the α cells, and this persisted even when challenged with changing the cell ratios and numbers. This study gives insight into the rules governing the self-organization of pseudoislets and suggests an important role for α cells to promote the incorporation of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik C Wieland
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Geuens
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Kirkegaard JB, Sneppen K. Optimal Transport Flows for Distributed Production Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:208101. [PMID: 32501061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.208101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Network flows often exhibit a hierarchical treelike structure that can be attributed to the minimization of dissipation. The common feature of such systems is a single source and multiple sinks (or vice versa). In contrast, here we study networks with only a single source and sink. These systems can arise from secondary purposes of the networks, such as blood sugar regulation through insulin production. Minimization of dissipation in these systems leads to vascular shunting, a single vessel connecting the inlet and outlet. We show instead how optimizing the transport time yields network topologies that match those observed in the insulin-producing pancreatic islets. These are patterns of periphery-to-center and center-to-periphery flows. The obtained flow networks are broadly independent of how the flow velocity depends on the flow flux, but continuous and discontinuous phase transitions appear at extreme flux dependencies. Lastly, we show how constraints on flows can lead to buckling of the branches of the network, a feature that is also observed in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Sneppen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Kirkegaard JB, Nielsen BF, Trusina A, Sneppen K. Self-assembly, buckling and density-invariant growth of three-dimensional vascular networks. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190517. [PMID: 31640503 PMCID: PMC6833333 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental actualization of organoids modelling organs from brains to pancreases has revealed that much of the diverse morphologies of organs are emergent properties of simple intercellular 'rules' and not the result of top-down orchestration. In contrast to other organs, the initial plexus of the vascular system is formed by aggregation of cells in the process known as vasculogenesis. Here we study this self-assembling process of blood vessels in three dimensions through a set of simple rules that align intercellular apical-basal and planar cell polarity. We demonstrate that a fully connected network of tubes emerges above a critical initial density of cells. Through planar cell polarity, our model demonstrates convergent extension, and this polarity furthermore allows for both morphology-maintaining growth and growth-induced buckling. We compare this buckling with the special vasculature of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and suggest that the mechanism behind the vascular density-maintaining growth of these islets could be the result of growth-induced buckling.
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Pénicaud L. Autonomic nervous system and pancreatic islet blood flow. Biochimie 2017; 143:29-32. [PMID: 29017926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization and innervation of the islet of Langerhans are highly interconnected and are critical for intercellular and intertissular communication. They are both involved in the control of islet blood flow which has been shown to have an important role in the control of endocine secretion. Both parameters are disturbed during the course of metabolic pathologies and particularly diabetes. A better understanding of these mechanisms has and will greatly benefit from the rapidly-emerging technologies particularly in vivo imaging enabling to study both anatomy and functions of the islet.
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8
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Nord C, Eriksson M, Dicker A, Eriksson A, Grong E, Ilegems E, Mårvik R, Kulseng B, Berggren PO, Gorzsás A, Ahlgren U. Biochemical profiling of diabetes disease progression by multivariate vibrational microspectroscopy of the pancreas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6646. [PMID: 28751653 PMCID: PMC5532280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes, techniques for in situ studies of the underlying pancreatic biochemistry are lacking. Such methods would facilitate obtaining mechanistic understanding of diabetes pathophysiology and aid in prognostic and/or diagnostic assessments. In this report we demonstrate how a multivariate imaging approach (orthogonal projections to latent structures - discriminant analysis) can be applied to generate full vibrational microspectroscopic profiles of pancreatic tissues. These profiles enable extraction of known and previously unrecorded biochemical alterations in models of diabetes, and allow for classification of the investigated tissue with regards to tissue type, strain and stage of disease progression. Most significantly, the approach provided evidence for dramatic alterations of the pancreatic biochemistry at the initial onset of immune-infiltration in the Non Obese Diabetic model for type 1 diabetes. Further, it enabled detection of a previously undocumented accumulation of collagen fibrils in the leptin deficient ob/ob mouse islets. By generating high quality spectral profiles through the tissue capsule of hydrated human pancreata and by in vivo Raman imaging of pancreatic islets transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye, we provide critical feasibility studies for the translation of this technique to diagnostic assessments of pancreatic biochemistry in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Nord
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Dicker
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Eriksson
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eivind Grong
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erwin Ilegems
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald Mårvik
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bård Kulseng
- Centre for Obesity, Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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9
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Coquoz S, Marchand PJ, Bouwens A, Mouchiroud L, Sorrentino V, Szlag D, Auwerx J, Lasser T. Label-free three-dimensional imaging of Caenorhabditis elegans with visible optical coherence microscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181676. [PMID: 28727813 PMCID: PMC5519216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast, label-free, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging platforms are crucial for high-throughput in vivo time-lapse studies of the anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the most commonly used model organisms in biomedical research. Despite the needs, methods combining all these characteristics have been lacking. Here, we present label-free imaging of live Caenorhabditis elegans with three-dimensional sub-micrometer resolution using visible optical coherence microscopy (visOCM). visOCM is a versatile optical imaging method which we introduced recently for tomography of cell cultures and tissue samples. Our method is based on Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, an interferometric technique that provides three-dimensional images with high sensitivity, high acquisition rate and micrometer-scale resolution. By operating in the visible wavelength range and using a high NA objective, visOCM attains lateral and axial resolutions below 1 μm. Additionally, we use a Bessel illumination offering an extended depth of field of approximately 40 μm. We demonstrate that visOCM’s imaging properties allow rapid imaging of full sized living Caenorhabditis elegans down to the sub-cellular level. Our system opens the door to many applications such as the study of phenotypic changes related to developmental or ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Coquoz
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul J. Marchand
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arno Bouwens
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mouchiroud
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Szlag
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Theo Lasser
- Laboratoire d’Optique Biomédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnosis Tool: Recent Progress with Multimodal Imaging. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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