1
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Hensel P, Saridomichelakis M, Eisenschenk M, Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Pucheu-Haston C, Santoro D. Update on the role of genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:15-24. [PMID: 37840229 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease involving, among others, genetic predisposition, environmental factors and allergic sensitisation. OBJECTIVE This review summarises the current evidence on the role of genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitisation in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by ICADA in 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online citation databases and proceedings from international meetings on genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed. RESULTS Despite intensive research efforts, the detailed genetic background predisposing to cAD and the effect of a wide range of environmental factors still need more clarification. Genome-wide association studies and investigations on genetic biomarkers, such as microRNAs, have provided some new information. Environmental factors appear to play a major role. Lifestyle, especially during puppyhood, appears to have an important impact on the developing immune system. Factors such as growing up in a rural environment, large size of family, contact with other animals, and a nonprocessed meat-based diet may reduce the risk for subsequent development of cAD. It appears that Toxocara canis infection may have a protective effect against Dermatophagoides farinae-induced cAD. House dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) remain the most common allergen group to which atopic dogs react. Currently, the major allergens related to D. farinae in dogs include Der f 2, Der f 15, Der f 18 and Zen 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Canine atopic dermatitis remains a complex, genetically heterogeneous disease that is influenced by multiple environmental factors. Further, well-designed studies are necessary to shed more light on the role of genetics, environmental factors and major allergens in the pathogenesis of cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cherie Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Mbatchou J, Abney M, McPeek MS. BRASS: Permutation methods for binary traits in genetic association studies with structured samples. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011020. [PMID: 37934792 PMCID: PMC10656004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In genetic association analysis of complex traits, permutation testing can be a valuable tool for assessing significance when the distribution of the test statistic is unknown or not well-approximated. This commonly arises, e.g, in tests of gene-set, pathway or genome-wide significance, or when the statistic is formed by machine learning or data adaptive methods. Existing applications include eQTL mapping, association testing with rare variants, inclusion of admixed individuals in genetic association analysis, and epistasis detection among many others. For genetic association testing in samples with population structure and/or relatedness, use of naive permutation can lead to inflated type 1 error. To address this in quantitative traits, the MVNpermute method was developed. However, for association mapping of a binary trait, the relationship between the mean and variance makes both naive permutation and the MVNpermute method invalid. We propose BRASS, a permutation method for binary traits, for use in association mapping in structured samples. In addition to modeling structure in the sample, BRASS allows for covariates, ascertainment and simultaneous testing of multiple markers, and it accommodates a wide range of test statistics. In simulation studies, we compare BRASS to other permutation and resampling-based methods in a range of scenarios that include population structure, familial relatedness, ascertainment and phenotype model misspecification. In these settings, we demonstrate the superior control of type 1 error by BRASS compared to the other 6 methods considered. We apply BRASS to assess genome-wide significance for association analyses in domestic dog for elbow dysplasia (ED) and idiopathic epilepsy (IE). For both traits we detect previously identified associations, and in addition, for ED, we detect significant association with a SNP on chromosome 35 that was not detected by previous analyses, demonstrating the potential of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Mbatchou
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mary Sara McPeek
- Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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3
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Tengvall K, Sundström E, Wang C, Bergvall K, Wallerman O, Pederson E, Karlsson Å, Harvey ND, Blott SC, Olby N, Olivry T, Brander G, Meadows JRS, Roosje P, Leeb T, Hedhammar Å, Andersson G, Lindblad-Toh K. Bayesian model and selection signature analyses reveal risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1348. [PMID: 36482174 PMCID: PMC9731970 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease with clinical similarities to human atopic dermatitis. Several dog breeds are at increased risk for developing this disease but previous genetic associations are poorly defined. To identify additional genetic risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis, we here apply a Bayesian mixture model adapted for mapping complex traits and a cross-population extended haplotype test to search for disease-associated loci and selective sweeps in four dog breeds at risk for atopic dermatitis. We define 15 associated loci and eight candidate regions under selection by comparing cases with controls. One associated locus is syntenic to the major genetic risk locus (Filaggrin locus) in human atopic dermatitis. One selection signal in common type Labrador retriever cases positions across the TBC1D1 gene (body weight) and one signal of selection in working type German shepherd controls overlaps the LRP1B gene (brain), near the KYNU gene (psoriasis). In conclusion, we identify candidate genes, including genes belonging to the same biological pathways across multiple loci, with potential relevance to the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis. The results show genetic similarities between dog and human atopic dermatitis, and future across-species genetic comparisons are hereby further motivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elisabeth Sundström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallerman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric Pederson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naomi D Harvey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Sarah C Blott
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natasha Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gustaf Brander
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R S Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petra Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Outerbridge CA, Jordan TJ. Current Knowledge on Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. ADVANCES IN SMALL ANIMAL CARE 2021; 2:101-115. [PMID: 35721364 PMCID: PMC9204668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA,
| | - Tyler J.M. Jordan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Apostolopoulos N, Glaeser SP, Bagwe R, Janssen S, Mayer U, Ewers C, Kämpfer P, Neiger R, Thom N. Description and comparison of the skin and ear canal microbiota of non-allergic and allergic German shepherd dogs using next generation sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250695. [PMID: 33939741 PMCID: PMC8092680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in dogs. Pathogenesis is complex and incompletely understood. Skin colonizing bacteria likely play an important role in the severity of this disease. Studying the canine skin microbiota using traditional microbiological methods has many limitations which can be overcome by molecular procedures. The aim of this study was to describe the bacterial microbiota of the skin and ear canals of healthy non-allergic and allergic German shepherd dogs (GSDs) without acute flare or concurrent skin infection and to compare both. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data revealed no differences of bacterial community patterns between the different body sites (axilla, front dorsal interdigital skin, groin, and ear canals) in non-allergic dogs. The microbiota at the different body sites of non-allergic GSDs showed no significant differences. Only for the samples obtained from the axilla the bacterial microbiota of allergic dogs was characterized by a lower species richness compared to that of non-allergic dogs and the bacterial community composition of the skin and ear canals of allergic dogs showed body site specific differences compared to non-allergic dogs. Actinobacteria was the most abundant phylum identified from the non-allergic dogs and Proteobacteria from allergic dogs. Macrococcus spp. were more abundant on non-allergic skin while Sphingomonas spp. were more abundant on the allergic skin. Forward step redundancy analysis of metadata indicated that the household the dogs came from had the strongest impact on the composition of the skin microbiome followed by sex, host health status and body site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoklis Apostolopoulos
- Department of Dermatology, Small Animal Clinic—Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bagwe
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ursula Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Small Animal Clinic AniCura Kleintierspezialisten Augsburg GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institute for Applied Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Nina Thom
- Department of Dermatology, Small Animal Clinic—Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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6
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Wang C, Wallerman O, Arendt ML, Sundström E, Karlsson Å, Nordin J, Mäkeläinen S, Pielberg GR, Hanson J, Ohlsson Å, Saellström S, Rönnberg H, Ljungvall I, Häggström J, Bergström TF, Hedhammar Å, Meadows JRS, Lindblad-Toh K. A novel canine reference genome resolves genomic architecture and uncovers transcript complexity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:185. [PMID: 33568770 PMCID: PMC7875987 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present GSD_1.0, a high-quality domestic dog reference genome with chromosome length scaffolds and contiguity increased 55-fold over CanFam3.1. Annotation with generated and existing long and short read RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and ATAC-seq, revealed that 32.1% of lifted over CanFam3.1 gaps harboured previously hidden functional elements, including promoters, genes and miRNAs in GSD_1.0. A catalogue of canine "dark" regions was made to facilitate mapping rescue. Alignment in these regions is difficult, but we demonstrate that they harbour trait-associated variation. Key genomic regions were completed, including the Dog Leucocyte Antigen (DLA), T Cell Receptor (TCR) and 366 COSMIC cancer genes. 10x linked-read sequencing of 27 dogs (19 breeds) uncovered 22.1 million SNPs, indels and larger structural variants. Subsequent intersection with protein coding genes showed that 1.4% of these could directly influence gene products, and so provide a source of normal or aberrant phenotypic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ola Wallerman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maja-Louise Arendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg D, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Sundström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessika Nordin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suvi Mäkeläinen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerli Rosengren Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Saellström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Rönnberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas F Bergström
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer R S Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Wang Y, Cao X, Luo C, Sheng Z, Zhang C, Bian C, Feng C, Li J, Gao F, Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Qu H, Shu D, Carlborg Ö, Hu X, Li N. Multiple ancestral haplotypes harboring regulatory mutations cumulatively contribute to a QTL affecting chicken growth traits. Commun Biol 2020; 3:472. [PMID: 32859973 PMCID: PMC7455696 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In depth studies of quantitative trait loci (QTL) can provide insights to the genetic architectures of complex traits. A major effect QTL at the distal end of chicken chromosome 1 has been associated with growth traits in multiple populations. This locus was fine-mapped in a fifteen-generation chicken advanced intercross population including 1119 birds and explored in further detail using 222 sequenced genomes from 10 high/low body weight chicken stocks. We detected this QTL that, in total, contributed 14.4% of the genetic variance for growth. Further, nine mosaic precise intervals (Kb level) which contain ancestral regulatory variants were fine-mapped and we chose one of them to demonstrate the key regulatory role in the duodenum. This is the first study to break down the detail genetic architectures for the well-known QTL in chicken and provides a good example of the fine-mapping of various of quantitative traits in any species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenglong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zheya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chungang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dingming Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Örjan Carlborg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 23, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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8
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Baker L, Muir P, Sample SJ. Genome-wide association studies and genetic testing: understanding the science, success, and future of a rapidly developing field. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 255:1126-1136. [PMID: 31687891 DOI: 10.2460/javma.255.10.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dog owners are increasingly interested in using commercially available testing panels to learn about the genetics of their pets, both to identify breed ancestry and to screen for specific genetic diseases. Helping owners interpret and understand results from genetic screening panels is becoming an important issue facing veterinarians. The objective of this review article is to introduce basic concepts behind genetic studies and current genetic screening tests while highlighting their value in veterinary medicine. The potential uses and limitations of commercially available genetic testing panels as screening tests are discussed, including appropriate cautions regarding the interpretation of results. Future directions, particularly with regard to the study of common complex genetic diseases, are also described.
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9
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Tengvall K, Bergvall K, Olsson M, Ardesjö-Lundgren B, Farias FHG, Kierczak M, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K, Andersson G. Transcriptomes from German shepherd dogs reveal differences in immune activity between atopic dermatitis affected and control skin. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:315-323. [PMID: 32556497 PMCID: PMC7320941 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors described. We performed mRNA sequencing of non-lesional axillary skin biopsies from nine German shepherd dogs. Obtained RNA sequences were mapped to the dog genome (CanFam3.1) and a high-quality skin transcriptome was generated with 23,510 expressed gene transcripts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by comparing three controls to five treated CAD cases. Using a leave-one-out analysis, we identified seven DEGs: five known to encode proteins with functions related to an activated immune system (CD209, CLEC4G, LOC102156842 (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-like), LOC480601 (regakine-1-like), LOC479668 (haptoglobin-like)), one (OBP) encoding an odorant-binding protein potentially connected to rhinitis, and the last (LOC607095) encoding a novel long non-coding RNA. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was found in axillary skin from an untreated mild CAD case compared with healthy skin. In conclusion, we define genes with different expression patterns in CAD case skin helping us understand post-treatment atopic skin. Further studies in larger sample sets are warranted to confirm and to transfer these results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Olsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - B Ardesjö-Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M Kierczak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Hedhammar Å. Swedish Experiences From 60 Years of Screening and Breeding Programs for Hip Dysplasia-Research, Success, and Challenges. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:228. [PMID: 32528980 PMCID: PMC7266929 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A screening program for hip dysplasia (HD) was introduced in Sweden during the 1950s for German shepherd dogs, before for a few breeds and now any breed. Degree of canine HD was originally graded 1-4 (slight, mild, moderate, and severe) and used in Swedish screening program up to year 2000 and was thereafter replaced by letters A-E with A and B for no signs/near normal, C for mild, D for moderate, and E for severe HD. Final scoring is based on "the worst" side. In Sweden, 70% of all dogs are registered by the Swedish Kennel Club, and in relevant breeds, almost all breeding stock and 30-50% of all dogs are screened for HD. By an extensive database of all dogs registered since 1976 and mandatory identification by microchip, all results can be linked to dogs well-defined by identity and ancestral background. An implementation of structured screening and genetic health programs resulted in markedly decreased prevalence of HD already during the 1980s. The programs are based on open registries and on positive as well as negative results for identified individuals linked to their ancestral background. The successful decrease in moderate and severe HDs is illustrated for seven common breeds. However, there is also the challenge of a further decrease when already almost all breeding is performed with unaffected breeding stock. Handling that and the increased relative prevalence of less severe grades of HD (grade C) calls for breed-specific breeding strategies, taking into account the prevalence and clinical significance in each breed. Further decrease might rather be achieved by using estimated breeding values and genomic selection instead of more extensive and costly screening procedures. For the public perception of HD, the value of a clear distinction between grades D and E as a good predictor of the clinical entity vs. grade C as a tool to refine the selection criteria for breeding stock is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,The Swedish Kennel Club, Rotebro, Sweden
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11
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Whole-genome genotyping and resequencing reveal the association of a deletion in the complex interferon alpha gene cluster with hypothyroidism in dogs. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:307. [PMID: 32299354 PMCID: PMC7160888 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is a common complex endocrinopathy that typically has an autoimmune etiology, and it affects both humans and dogs. Genetic and environmental factors are both known to play important roles in the disease development. In this study, we sought to identify the genetic risk factors potentially involved in the susceptibility to the disease in the high-risk Giant Schnauzer dog breed. Results By employing genome-wide association followed by fine-mapping (top variant p-value = 5.7 × 10− 6), integrated with whole-genome resequencing and copy number variation analysis, we detected a ~ 8.9 kbp deletion strongly associated (p-value = 0.0001) with protection against development of hypothyroidism. The deletion is located between two predicted Interferon alpha (IFNA) genes and it may eliminate functional elements potentially involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Remarkably, type I IFNs have been extensively associated to human autoimmune hypothyroidism and general autoimmunity. Nonetheless, the extreme genomic complexity of the associated region on CFA11 warrants further long-read sequencing and annotation efforts in order to ascribe functions to the identified deletion and to characterize the canine IFNA gene cluster in more detail. Conclusions Our results expand the current knowledge on genetic determinants of canine hypothyroidism by revealing a significant link with the human counterpart disease, potentially translating into better diagnostic tools across species, and may contribute to improved canine breeding strategies.
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Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in the skin of experimentally sensitized naturally affected atopic beagles by next-generation sequencing. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:241-250. [PMID: 32219493 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very common inflammatory skin disease, but limited data are available on the genetic characterization (somatic mutations, microarrays, and genome-wide association study (GWAS)) of skin lesions in affected dogs. microRNAs are good biomarkers in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases in people. The aim of this study was to evaluate microRNA expression in the skin of atopic beagles, before and after exposure to Dermatophagoides farinae. Four atopic and four unrelated age-matched healthy beagle dogs were enrolled. Total RNA was extracted from flash-frozen skin biopsies of healthy and atopic dogs. For the atopic dogs, skin biopsies were taken from non-lesional (day 0) and lesional skin (day 28 of weekly environmental challenge with Dermatophagoides farinae). Small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. The microRNA sequences were aligned to CanFam3.1 genome. Differential expressed microRNAs were selected on the basis of fold-change and statistical significance (fold-change ≥ 1.5 and p ≤ 0.05 as thresholds. A total of 277 microRNAs were sequenced. One hundred and twenty-one differentially regulated microRNAs were identified between non-lesional and healthy skin. Among these, two were increased amount and 119 were decreased amount. A total of 45 differentially regulated microRNAs between lesional and healthy skin were identified, 44 were decreased amount and one was increased amount. Finally, only two increased amount microRNAs were present in lesional skin when compared with that of non-lesional skin. This is the first study in which dysregulation of microRNAs has been associated with lesional and non-lesional canine AD. Larger studies are needed to understand the role of microRNA in canine AD.
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13
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Mataix-Cols D, Hansen B, Mattheisen M, Karlsson EK, Addington AM, Boberg J, Djurfeldt DR, Halvorsen M, Lichtenstein P, Solem S, Lindblad-Toh K, Haavik J, Kvale G, Rück C, Crowley JJ. Nordic OCD & Related Disorders Consortium: Rationale, design, and methods. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:38-50. [PMID: 31424634 PMCID: PMC6898732 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, yet its etiology is unknown and treatment outcomes could be improved if biological targets could be identified. Unfortunately, genetic findings for OCD are lagging behind other psychiatric disorders. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand the causal mechanisms implicated in OCD in order to improve clinical outcomes and to reduce morbidity and societal costs. Specifically, there is a need for a large-scale, etiologically informative genetic study integrating genetic and environmental factors that presumably interact to cause the condition. The Nordic countries provide fertile ground for such a study, given their detailed population registers, national healthcare systems and active specialist clinics for OCD. We thus formed the Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC, www.crowleylab.org/nordic), and with the support of NIMH and the Swedish Research Council, have begun to collect a large, richly phenotyped and genotyped sample of OCD cases. Our specific aims are geared toward answering a number of key questions regarding the biology, etiology, and treatment of OCD. This article describes and discusses the rationale, design, and methodology of NORDiC, including details on clinical measures and planned genomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjarne Hansen
- Haukeland University Hospital, OCD-team, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elinor K. Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Program in Bioinformatics & Integrative Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anjené M. Addington
- Genomics Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Boberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana R. Djurfeldt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stian Solem
- Haukeland University Hospital, OCD-team, Bergen, Norway,Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Science for Life Laboratory, IMBIM, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerd Kvale
- Haukeland University Hospital, OCD-team, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Rück
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Imputation of canine genotype array data using 365 whole-genome sequences improves power of genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008003. [PMID: 31525180 PMCID: PMC6762211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic resources for the domestic dog have improved with the widespread adoption of a 173k SNP array platform and updated reference genome. SNP arrays of this density are sufficient for detecting genetic associations within breeds but are underpowered for finding associations across multiple breeds or in mixed-breed dogs, where linkage disequilibrium rapidly decays between markers, even though such studies would hold particular promise for mapping complex diseases and traits. Here we introduce an imputation reference panel, consisting of 365 diverse, whole-genome sequenced dogs and wolves, which increases the number of markers that can be queried in genome-wide association studies approximately 130-fold. Using previously genotyped dogs, we show the utility of this reference panel in identifying potentially novel associations, including a locus on CFA20 significantly associated with cranial cruciate ligament disease, and fine-mapping for canine body size and blood phenotypes, even when causal loci are not in strong linkage disequilibrium with any single array marker. This reference panel resource will improve future genome-wide association studies for canine complex diseases and other phenotypes. Complex traits are controlled by more than one gene and as such are difficult to map. For complex trait mapping in the domestic dog, researchers use the current array of 173,000 variants, with only minimal success. Here, we use a method called imputation to increase the number of variants–from 173,000 to 24 million–that can be queried in canine association studies. We use sequence data from the whole genomes of 365 dogs and wolves to accurately predict variants, in a separate cohort of dogs, that are not present on the array. Using dog body size, blood phenotypes, and a common orthopedic disease that involves rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament, we show that the increase in variants results in an increase in mapping power, through the identification of new associations and the narrowing of regions of interest. This imputation panel is particularly important because of its usefulness in improving complex trait mapping in the dog, which has significant implications for discovery of variants in humans with similar diseases.
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15
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Megquier K, Genereux DP, Hekman J, Swofford R, Turner-Maier J, Johnson J, Alonso J, Li X, Morrill K, Anguish LJ, Koltookian M, Logan B, Sharp CR, Ferrer L, Lindblad-Toh K, Meyers-Wallen VN, Hoffman A, Karlsson EK. BarkBase: Epigenomic Annotation of Canine Genomes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E433. [PMID: 31181663 PMCID: PMC6627511 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are an unparalleled natural model for investigating the genetics of health and disease, particularly for complex diseases like cancer. Comprehensive genomic annotation of regulatory elements active in healthy canine tissues is crucial both for identifying candidate causal variants and for designing functional studies needed to translate genetic associations into disease insight. Currently, canine geneticists rely primarily on annotations of the human or mouse genome that have been remapped to dog, an approach that misses dog-specific features. Here, we describe BarkBase, a canine epigenomic resource available at barkbase.org. BarkBase hosts data for 27 adult tissue types, with biological replicates, and for one sample of up to five tissues sampled at each of four carefully staged embryonic time points. RNA sequencing is complemented with whole genome sequencing and with assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), which identifies open chromatin regions. By including replicates, we can more confidently discern tissue-specific transcripts and assess differential gene expression between tissues and timepoints. By offering data in easy-to-use file formats, through a visual browser modeled on similar genomic resources for human, BarkBase introduces a powerful new resource to support comparative studies in dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Diane P Genereux
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jessica Hekman
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Ross Swofford
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jason Turner-Maier
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jacob Alonso
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Xue Li
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Kathleen Morrill
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Lynne J Anguish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michele Koltookian
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Brittney Logan
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Lluis Ferrer
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals Veterinary School, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Vicki N Meyers-Wallen
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Andrew Hoffman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Gedon NKY, Mueller RS. Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 30323921 PMCID: PMC6172809 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of atopic dermatitis in companion animals and of recent developments including knowledge on immunological background, novel treatment options and difficulties in disease management. The prevalence of hypersensitivities seems to be increasing. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, yet multiple gene abnormalities and altered immunological processes are involved. In dogs and cats, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on history, clinical examination and exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Intradermal testing or testing for serum allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E is only used to identify allergens for inclusion in the extract for allergen immunotherapy. Symptomatic therapy includes glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, essential fatty acids and antihistamines. A selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor and a caninized monoclonal interleukin-31 antibody are the newest options for symptomatic treatment, although longterm effects still need to be assessed. The chronic and often severe nature of the disease, the costly diagnostic workup, frequent clinical flares and lifelong treatment are challenging for owners, pets and veterinarians. Patience and excellent communication skills are needed to achieve a good owner compliance and satisfactory clinical outcome for the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Katharina Yvonne Gedon
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Steffen Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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17
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Bennett PF, Talbot JJ, Martin P, Kidd SE, Makara M, Barrs VR. Long term survival of a dog with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection without definitive treatment. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 22:1-3. [PMID: 30456161 PMCID: PMC6235754 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine disseminated fungal infection by Aspergillus species carries a guarded to grave prognosis as they often rapidly progress and are refractory to treatment with many euthanased soon after diagnosis. This case report describes a 2.5 year old female spayed German Shepherd Dog diagnosed with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection for which definitive treatment was declined by the owners. With only palliative management the dog survived three years and two months before succumbing to chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica J Talbot
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patricia Martin
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Service, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mariano Makara
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Ardesjö-Lundgren B, Tengvall K, Bergvall K, Farias FHG, Wang L, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K, Andersson G. Comparison of cellular location and expression of Plakophilin-2 in epidermal cells from nonlesional atopic skin and healthy skin in German shepherd dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:377-e88. [PMID: 28386956 PMCID: PMC5516137 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease caused by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Previously, a genome‐wide significant risk locus on canine chromosome 27 for CAD was identified in German shepherd dogs (GSDs) and Plakophilin‐2 (PKP2) was defined as the top candidate gene. PKP2 constitutes a crucial component of desmosomes and also is important in signalling, metabolic and transcriptional activities. Objectives The main objective was to evaluate the role of PKP2 in CAD by investigating PKP2 expression and desmosome structure in nonlesional skin from CAD‐affected (carrying the top GWAS SNP risk allele) and healthy GSDs. We also aimed at defining the cell types in the skin that express PKP2 and its intracellular location. Animals/Methods Skin biopsies were collected from nine CAD‐affected and five control GSDs. The biopsies were frozen for immunofluorescence and fixed for electron microscopy immunolabelling and morphology. Results We observed the novel finding of PKP2 expression in dendritic cells and T cells in dog skin. Moreover, we detected that PKP2 was more evenly expressed within keratinocytes compared to its desmosomal binding‐partner plakoglobin. PKP2 protein was located in the nucleus and on keratin filaments attached to desmosomes. No difference in PKP2 abundance between CAD cases and controls was observed. Conclusion Plakophilin‐2 protein in dog skin is expressed in both epithelial and immune cells; based on its subcellular location its functional role is implicated in both nuclear and structural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brita Ardesjö-Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabiana H G Farias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, BMC, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Herrmann I, Panakova L, Janda J. Allergic and Atopic Eczema in Humans and Their Animals. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Evaluation of the genetic basis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in Standard Poodles using SNP array genotyping and whole-genome sequencing. Mamm Genome 2016; 28:56-65. [PMID: 27864587 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary hypoadrenocorticism, also known as Addison's disease, is an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of the adrenal cortex and subsequent loss of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. The disease is prevalent in Standard Poodles and is believed to be highly heritable in the breed. Using genotypes derived from the Illumina Canine HD SNP array, we performed a genome-wide association study of 133 carefully phenotyped Standard Poodles (61 affected, 72 unaffected) and found no markers significantly associated with the disease. We also sequenced the entire genomes of 20 Standard Poodles (13 affected, 7 unaffected) and analyzed the data to identify common variants (including SNPs, indels, structural variants, and copy number variants) across affected dogs and variants segregating within a single pedigree of highly affected dogs. We identified several candidate genes that may be fixed in both Standard Poodles and a small population of dogs of related breeds. Further studies are required to confirm these findings more broadly, as well as additional gene-mapping efforts aimed at fully understanding the genetic basis of what is likely a complex inherited disorder.
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21
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Dahlgren S, Ziener ML, Lingaas F. A genome-wide association study identifies a region strongly associated with symmetrical onychomadesis on chromosome 12 in dogs. Anim Genet 2016; 47:708-716. [PMID: 27629549 DOI: 10.1111/age.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Symmetrical onychomadesis causes periodic loss of claws in otherwise healthy dogs. Genome-wide association analysis in 225 Gordon Setters identified a single region associated with symmetrical onychomadesis on chromosome 12 (spanning about 3.3 mb). A meta-analysis including also English Setters indicated that this genomic region predisposes for symmetrical onychomadesis in English Setters as well. The associated region spans most of the major histocompatibility complex and nearly 1 Mb downstream. Like many other autoimmune diseases, associations of symmetrical onychomadesis with DLA class II alleles have been reported. In this study, no associated markers were revealed within any of the DLA-DRB1, -DQA1 or -DQB1 genes, and the odds for symmetrical onychomadesis in the Gordon Setters were much higher, carrying significant single nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the odds of any of the recorded DLA-DRB1/DQA1/DQB1 haplotypes. We noticed that some of the associated DLA haplotypes were different between the English Setters and the Gordon Setters. Interestingly, associated SNP chip markers showed a more consistent pattern of allelic variants related to cases or controls regardless of breed. In conclusion, the associated genetic markers identified in this study hold the potential to aid in selection of breeding animals to reduce the frequency of symmetrical onychomadesis in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dahlgren
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - M Lund Ziener
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Fredrikstad Animal Hospital, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - F Lingaas
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Taylor A, Peters I, Dhand NK, Whitney J, Johnson LR, Beatty JA, Barrs VR. Evaluation of Serum Aspergillus-Specific Immunoglobulin A by Indirect ELISA for Diagnosis of Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1708-1714. [PMID: 27581099 PMCID: PMC5032860 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serological tests for diagnosis of aspergillosis in immunocompetent humans and animals are based on Aspergillus‐specific IgG (As‐IgG). In humans with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, As‐IgA may be detectable even if IgG titers are negative. Cats with upper respiratory tract aspergillosis (URTA) have detectable As‐IgG, but their ability to mount an IgA response and its diagnostic utility are unknown. Objectives To determine whether serum As‐IgA can be detected in cats with URTA and evaluate its diagnostic utility alone or combined with As‐IgG. Animals Twenty‐three cats with URTA (Group 1), 32 cats with other respiratory diseases (Group 2), and 84 nonrespiratory controls (Group 3). Methods Serum As‐IgA and As‐IgG was measured by indirect ELISA. Optimal cutoff values were determined by receiver‐operating curve analysis. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for URTA diagnosis were determined. Results Serum IgA was detected in 91.3% of Group 1 cats. The Se of IgA detection was 78.3% and Sp was 96.9% for Group 2, 85.7% for Group 3 and 88.8% for Group 2 and 3 combined. Assay Se for IgG was 100% and Sp was 92.2%. Using combined IgA and IgG results at cutoffs optimized for Sp for IgA and Se for IgG and combined controls (Groups 2 and 3), Se for diagnosis was 100% and Sp was 91.4%. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Most cats with URTA have serum As‐IgA antibodies that can be detected by ELISA. Paired measurement of serum As‐IgA and IgG shows no benefit for diagnosis of feline URTA over IgG alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I Peters
- TDDS ltd., The Innovation Centre, University of Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - N K Dhand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Whitney
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L R Johnson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - J A Beatty
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V R Barrs
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Vilson Å, Hedhammar Å, Reynolds A, Spears J, Satyaraj E, Pelker R, Rottman C, Björkstén B, Hansson-Hamlin H. Immunoglobulins in dogs: correspondence and maturation in 15 litters of German shepherd dogs and their dams. Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000173. [PMID: 27547424 PMCID: PMC4964167 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2016-000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Some dog breeds, including the German shepherd dog (GSD), are predisposed to immune-related disorders. The authors prospectively described development of serum and faecal IgA and serum IgE in GSD from puppies until adulthood and the relationship between mothers and their offspring. Further, the authors tested whether dogs with lower serum IgA also have low faecal IgA and/or serum IgE. To reveal whether any of the parameters could be proven to influence the immune response, the authors also measured serum IgG against canine distemper virus (CDV). To test their hypothesis, the authors used linear mixed models to investigate the relationship of serum IgA, serum IgE and faecal IgA levels in litters and their mothers. Fifteen GSD bitches beginning at 42 days of pregnancy and subsequently all of their offspring (n=83 puppies), reared under well-controlled conditions, were included. All dogs came from the kennel of the Swedish Armed Forces. Serum IgE, serum IgA and faecal IgA levels were lower in seven-week-old puppies than at one year of age. There was no relationship in Ig concentrations between bitches and their puppies at seven weeks of age. Dogs with higher faecal IgA had higher IgG titres against CDV, indicating a favourable systemic immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Vilson
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | - Julie Spears
- Nestlé Purina Research , Saint Louis, Missouri , USA
| | | | - Robyn Pelker
- Nestlé Purina Research , Saint Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Cari Rottman
- Nestlé Purina Research , Saint Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Bengt Björkstén
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Helene Hansson-Hamlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
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24
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Cook ME, Bütz DE, Yang M, Sand JM. Host-targeted approaches to managing animal health: old problems and new tools. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S11-22. [PMID: 27345308 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Our fellow medical and regulatory scientists question the animal producer's dependence on antibiotics and antimicrobial chemicals in the production of animal products. Retail distributors and consumers are putting even more pressure on the animal industry to find new ways to produce meat without antibiotics and chemicals. In addition, federal funding agencies are increasingly pressuring researchers to conduct science that has application. In the review that follows, we outline our approach to finding novel ways to improve animal performance and health. We use a strict set of guidelines in our applied research as follows: (1) Does the work have value to society? (2) Does our team have the skills to innovate in the field? (3) Is the product we produce commercially cost-effective? (4) Are there any reasons why the general consumer will reject the technology? (5) Is it safe for the animal, consumer, and the environment? Within this framework, we describe 4 areas of research that have produced useful products, areas that we hope other scientists will likewise explore and innovate such as (1) methods to detect infection in herds and flocks, (2) methods to control systemic and mucosal inflammation, (3) improvements to intestinal barrier function, and (4) methods to strategically potentiate immune defense. We recognize that others are working in these areas, using different strategies, but believe our examples will illustrate the vast opportunity for research and innovation in a world without antibiotics. Animal scientists have been given a new challenge that may help shape the future of both animal and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cook
- Animal Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - D E Bütz
- Animal Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - J M Sand
- Animal Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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25
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Tengvall K, Kozyrev S, Kierczak M, Bergvall K, Farias FHG, Ardesjö-Lundgren B, Olsson M, Murén E, Hagman R, Leeb T, Pielberg G, Hedhammar Å, Andersson G, Lindblad-Toh K. Multiple regulatory variants located in cell type-specific enhancers within the PKP2 locus form major risk and protective haplotypes for canine atopic dermatitis in German shepherd dogs. BMC Genet 2016; 17:97. [PMID: 27357287 PMCID: PMC4928279 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease triggered by allergic reactions involving IgE antibodies directed towards environmental allergens. We previously identified a ~1.5 Mb locus on canine chromosome 27 associated with CAD in German shepherd dogs (GSDs). Fine-mapping indicated association closest to the PKP2 gene encoding plakophilin 2. Results Additional genotyping and association analyses in GSDs combined with control dogs from five breeds with low-risk for CAD revealed the top SNP 27:19,086,778 (p = 1.4 × 10−7) and a rare ~48 kb risk haplotype overlapping the PKP2 gene and shared only with other high-risk CAD breeds. We selected altogether nine SNPs (four top-associated in GSDs and five within the ~48 kb risk haplotype) that spanned ~280 kb forming one risk haplotype carried by 35 % of the GSD cases and 10 % of the GSD controls (OR = 5.1, p = 5.9 × 10−5), and another haplotype present in 85 % of the GSD cases and 98 % of the GSD controls and conferring a protective effect against CAD in GSDs (OR = 0.14, p = 0.0032). Eight of these SNPs were analyzed for transcriptional regulation using reporter assays where all tested regions exerted regulatory effects on transcription in epithelial and/or immune cell lines, and seven SNPs showed allelic differences. The DNA fragment with the top-associated SNP 27:19,086,778 displayed the highest activity in keratinocytes with 11-fold induction of transcription by the risk allele versus 8-fold by the control allele (pdifference = 0.003), and also mapped close (~3 kb) to an ENCODE skin-specific enhancer region. Conclusions Our experiments indicate that multiple CAD-associated genetic variants located in cell type-specific enhancers are involved in gene regulation in different cells and tissues. No single causative variant alone, but rather multiple variants combined in a risk haplotype likely contribute to an altered expression of the PKP2 gene, and possibly nearby genes, in immune and epithelial cells, and predispose GSDs to CAD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0404-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sergey Kozyrev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcin Kierczak
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabiana H G Farias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brita Ardesjö-Lundgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Olsson
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Murén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerli Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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26
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van Steenbeek FG, Hytönen MK, Leegwater PAJ, Lohi H. The canine era: the rise of a biomedical model. Anim Genet 2016; 47:519-27. [PMID: 27324307 DOI: 10.1111/age.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the annotation of its genome a decade ago, the dog has proven to be an excellent model for the study of inherited diseases. A large variety of spontaneous simple and complex phenotypes occur in dogs, providing physiologically relevant models to corresponding human conditions. In addition, gene discovery is facilitated in clinically less heterogeneous purebred dogs with closed population structures because smaller study cohorts and fewer markers are often sufficient to expose causal variants. Here, we review the development of genomic resources from microsatellites to whole-genome sequencing and give examples of successful findings that have followed the technological progress. The increasing amount of whole-genome sequence data warrants better functional annotation of the canine genome to more effectively utilise this unique model to understand genetic contributions in morphological, behavioural and other complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - M K Hytönen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences 00014, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Lohi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences 00014, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Hoffman AM, Dow SW. Concise Review: Stem Cell Trials Using Companion Animal Disease Models. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1709-29. [PMID: 27066769 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cells in humans would benefit from more realistic animal models. In veterinary medicine, companion animals naturally develop many diseases that resemble human conditions, therefore, representing a novel source of preclinical models. To understand how companion animal disease models are being studied for this purpose, we reviewed the literature between 2008 and 2015 for reports on stem cell therapies in dogs and cats, excluding laboratory animals, induced disease models, cancer, and case reports. Disease models included osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, dilated cardiomyopathy, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's fistulas, meningoencephalomyelitis (multiple sclerosis-like), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (Sjogren's syndrome-like), atopic dermatitis, and chronic (end-stage) kidney disease. Stem cells evaluated in these studies included mesenchymal stem-stromal cells (MSC, 17/19 trials), olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC, 1 trial), or neural lineage cells derived from bone marrow MSC (1 trial), and 16/19 studies were performed in dogs. The MSC studies (13/17) used adipose tissue-derived MSC from either allogeneic (8/13) or autologous (5/13) sources. The majority of studies were open label, uncontrolled studies. Endpoints and protocols were feasible, and the stem cell therapies were reportedly safe and elicited beneficial patient responses in all but two of the trials. In conclusion, companion animals with naturally occurring diseases analogous to human conditions can be recruited into clinical trials and provide realistic insight into feasibility, safety, and biologic activity of novel stem cell therapies. However, improvements in the rigor of manufacturing, study design, and regulatory compliance will be needed to better utilize these models. Stem Cells 2016;34:1709-1729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hoffman
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven W Dow
- Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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28
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Velie BD, Shrestha M, Franҫois L, Schurink A, Tesfayonas YG, Stinckens A, Blott S, Ducro BJ, Mikko S, Thomas R, Swinburne JE, Sundqvist M, Eriksson S, Buys N, Lindgren G. Using an Inbred Horse Breed in a High Density Genome-Wide Scan for Genetic Risk Factors of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152966. [PMID: 27070818 PMCID: PMC4829256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While susceptibility to hypersensitive reactions is a common problem amongst humans and animals alike, the population structure of certain animal species and breeds provides a more advantageous route to better understanding the biology underpinning these conditions. The current study uses Exmoor ponies, a highly inbred breed of horse known to frequently suffer from insect bite hypersensitivity, to identify genomic regions associated with a type I and type IV hypersensitive reaction. A total of 110 cases and 170 controls were genotyped on the 670K Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. Quality control resulted in 452,457 SNPs and 268 individuals being tested for association. Genome-wide association analyses were performed using the GenABEL package in R and resulted in the identification of two regions of interest on Chromosome 8. The first region contained the most significant SNP identified, which was located in an intron of the DCC netrin 1 receptor gene. The second region identified contained multiple top SNPs and encompassed the PIGN, KIAA1468, TNFRSF11A, ZCCHC2, and PHLPP1 genes. Although additional studies will be needed to validate the importance of these regions in horses and the relevance of these regions in other species, the knowledge gained from the current study has the potential to be a step forward in unraveling the complex nature of hypersensitive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Velie
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Franҫois
- Research Group Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anouk Schurink
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yohannes G. Tesfayonas
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneleen Stinckens
- Research Group Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Blott
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Bart J. Ducro
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Mikko
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth Thomas
- Exmoor Pony Society, Cullompton, United Kingdom
| | - June E. Swinburne
- Animal DNA Diagnostics Ltd, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susanne Eriksson
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadine Buys
- Research Group Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Complex disease and phenotype mapping in the domestic dog. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10460. [PMID: 26795439 PMCID: PMC4735900 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic dog is becoming an increasingly valuable model species in medical genetics, showing particular promise to advance our understanding of cancer and orthopaedic disease. Here we undertake the largest canine genome-wide association study to date, with a panel of over 4,200 dogs genotyped at 180,000 markers, to accelerate mapping efforts. For complex diseases, we identify loci significantly associated with hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, idiopathic epilepsy, lymphoma, mast cell tumour and granulomatous colitis; for morphological traits, we report three novel quantitative trait loci that influence body size and one that influences fur length and shedding. Using simulation studies, we show that modestly larger sample sizes and denser marker sets will be sufficient to identify most moderate- to large-effect complex disease loci. This proposed design will enable efficient mapping of canine complex diseases, most of which have human homologues, using far fewer samples than required in human studies. The domestic dog is an important model organism for our understanding of cancer and other diseases. Here the authors conduct a genome-wide association study across multiple breeds and identify novel loci significantly associated with several complex diseases and morphological traits.
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30
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Hanson JM, Tengvall K, Bonnett BN, Hedhammar Å. Naturally Occurring Adrenocortical Insufficiency--An Epidemiological Study Based on a Swedish-Insured Dog Population of 525,028 Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:76-84. [PMID: 26683136 PMCID: PMC4913634 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naturally occurring adrenocortical insufficiency (NOAI) in dogs is considered an uncommon disease with good prognosis with hormonal replacement treatment. However, there are no epidemiological studies with estimates for the general dog population. Objectives To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of NOAI in a large population of insured dogs. Animals Data were derived from 525,028 client‐owned dogs insured by a Swedish insurance company representing 2,364,652 dog‐years at risk (DYAR) during the period between 1995–2006. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Incidence rates, prevalences, and relative risks for dogs with NOAI (AI with no previous claim for hypercortisolism), were calculated for the whole dog population, and for subgroups divided by breed and sex. Mortality rates were calculated and compared in dogs with NOAI and the remaining dogs overall. Results In total 534 dogs were identified with NOAI. The overall incidence was 2.3 cases per 10,000 DYAR. The relative risk of disease was significantly higher in the Portuguese Water Dog, Standard Poodle, Bearded Collie, Cairn Terrier, and Cocker Spaniel compared with other breeds combined. Female dogs overall were at higher risk of developing AI than male dogs (RR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.55–2.22; P < .001). The relative risk of death was 1.9 times higher in dogs with NOAI than in dogs overall. Conclusion and Clinical Importance The data supports the existence of breed‐specific differences in incidence rates of NOAI in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B N Bonnett
- B Bonnett Consulting, Georgian Bluffs, ON, Canada
| | - Å Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Tengvall K, Kierczak M, Bergvall K, Olsson M, Frankowiack M, Farias FHG, Pielberg G, Carlborg Ö, Leeb T, Andersson G, Hammarström L, Hedhammar Å, Lindblad-Toh K. Correction: Genome-Wide Analysis in German Shepherd Dogs Reveals Association of a Locus on CFA 27 with Atopic Dermatitis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005740. [PMID: 26657407 PMCID: PMC4676723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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32
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Arendt ML, Melin M, Tonomura N, Koltookian M, Courtay-Cahen C, Flindall N, Bass J, Boerkamp K, Megquir K, Youell L, Murphy S, McCarthy C, London C, Rutteman GR, Starkey M, Lindblad-Toh K. Genome-Wide Association Study of Golden Retrievers Identifies Germ-Line Risk Factors Predisposing to Mast Cell Tumours. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005647. [PMID: 26588071 PMCID: PMC4654484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mast cell tumours (CMCT) are one of the most common skin tumours in dogs with a major impact on canine health. Certain breeds have a higher risk of developing mast cell tumours, suggesting that underlying predisposing germ-line genetic factors play a role in the development of this disease. The genetic risk factors are largely unknown, although somatic mutations in the oncogene C-KIT have been detected in a proportion of CMCT, making CMCT a comparative model for mastocytosis in humans where C-KIT mutations are frequent. We have performed a genome wide association study in golden retrievers from two continents and identified separate regions in the genome associated with risk of CMCT in the two populations. Sequence capture of associated regions and subsequent fine mapping in a larger cohort of dogs identified a SNP associated with development of CMCT in the GNAI2 gene (p = 2.2x10-16), introducing an alternative splice form of this gene resulting in a truncated protein. In addition, disease associated haplotypes harbouring the hyaluronidase genes HYAL1, HYAL2 and HYAL3 on cfa20 and HYAL4, SPAM1 and HYALP1 on cfa14 were identified as separate risk factors in European and US golden retrievers, respectively, suggesting that turnover of hyaluronan plays an important role in the development of CMCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja L. Arendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MLA); (KLT)
| | - Malin Melin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Noriko Tonomura
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michele Koltookian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Joyce Bass
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Boerkamp
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Megquir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Youell
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Murphy
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Colleen McCarthy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cheryl London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gerard R. Rutteman
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Veterinary Specialist Center De Wagenrenk, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MLA); (KLT)
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33
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Bianchi M, Dahlgren S, Massey J, Dietschi E, Kierczak M, Lund-Ziener M, Sundberg K, Thoresen SI, Kämpe O, Andersson G, Ollier WER, Hedhammar Å, Leeb T, Lindblad-Toh K, Kennedy LJ, Lingaas F, Rosengren Pielberg G. A Multi-Breed Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Canine Hypothyroidism Identifies a Shared Major Risk Locus on CFA12. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134720. [PMID: 26261983 PMCID: PMC4532498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a complex clinical condition found in both humans and dogs, thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In this study we present a multi-breed analysis of predisposing genetic risk factors for hypothyroidism in dogs using three high-risk breeds—the Gordon Setter, Hovawart and the Rhodesian Ridgeback. Using a genome-wide association approach and meta-analysis, we identified a major hypothyroidism risk locus shared by these breeds on chromosome 12 (p = 2.1x10-11). Further characterisation of the candidate region revealed a shared ~167 kb risk haplotype (4,915,018–5,081,823 bp), tagged by two SNPs in almost complete linkage disequilibrium. This breed-shared risk haplotype includes three genes (LHFPL5, SRPK1 and SLC26A8) and does not extend to the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II gene cluster located in the vicinity. These three genes have not been identified as candidate genes for hypothyroid disease previously, but have functions that could potentially contribute to the development of the disease. Our results implicate the potential involvement of novel genes and pathways for the development of canine hypothyroidism, raising new possibilities for screening, breeding programmes and treatments in dogs. This study may also contribute to our understanding of the genetic etiology of human hypothyroid disease, which is one of the most common endocrine disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Dahlgren
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Massey
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Dietschi
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Kierczak
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martine Lund-Ziener
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Sundberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stein Istre Thoresen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William E. R. Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lorna J. Kennedy
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Frode Lingaas
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerli Rosengren Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Kierczak M, Jabłońska J, Forsberg SKG, Bianchi M, Tengvall K, Pettersson M, Scholz V, Meadows JRS, Jern P, Carlborg Ö, Lindblad-Toh K. cgmisc: enhanced genome-wide association analyses and visualization. Bioinformatics 2015; 31:3830-1. [PMID: 26249815 PMCID: PMC4653382 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies facilitate studies of complex genetic traits and provide new research opportunities. The increasing popularity of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) leads to the discovery of new associated loci and a better understanding of the genetic architecture underlying not only diseases, but also other monogenic and complex phenotypes. Several softwares are available for performing GWAS analyses, R environment being one of them. RESULTS We present cgmisc, an R package that enables enhanced data analysis and visualization of results from GWAS. The package contains several utilities and modules that complement and enhance the functionality of the existing software. It also provides several tools for advanced visualization of genomic data and utilizes the power of the R language to aid in preparation of publication-quality figures. Some of the package functions are specific for the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The package is operating system-independent and is available from: https://github.com/cgmisc-team/cgmisc CONTACT marcin.kierczak@imbim.uu.se. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kierczak
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Computational Genetics Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Jagoda Jabłońska
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon K G Forsberg
- Computational Genetics Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Pettersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Computational Genetics Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Veronika Scholz
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer R S Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patric Jern
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Örjan Carlborg
- Computational Genetics Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
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Olsson M, Tengvall K, Frankowiack M, Kierczak M, Bergvall K, Axelsson E, Tintle L, Marti E, Roosje P, Leeb T, Hedhammar Å, Hammarström L, Lindblad-Toh K. Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest Mechanisms Involving Early B-Cell Development in Canine IgA Deficiency. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225558 PMCID: PMC4520476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immune deficiency disorder in both humans and dogs, characterized by recurrent mucosal tract infections and a predisposition for allergic and other immune mediated diseases. In several dog breeds, low IgA levels have been observed at a high frequency and with a clinical resemblance to human IgAD. In this study, we used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genomic regions associated with low IgA levels in dogs as a comparative model for human IgAD. We used a novel percentile groups-approach to establish breed-specific cut-offs and to perform analyses in a close to continuous manner. GWAS performed in four breeds prone to low IgA levels (German shepherd, Golden retriever, Labrador retriever and Shar-Pei) identified 35 genomic loci suggestively associated (p <0.0005) to IgA levels. In German shepherd, three genomic regions (candidate genes include KIRREL3 and SERPINA9) were genome-wide significantly associated (p <0.0002) with IgA levels. A ~20kb long haplotype on CFA28, significantly associated (p = 0.0005) to IgA levels in Shar-Pei, was positioned within the first intron of the gene SLIT1. Both KIRREL3 and SLIT1 are highly expressed in the central nervous system and in bone marrow and are potentially important during B-cell development. SERPINA9 expression is restricted to B-cells and peaks at the time-point when B-cells proliferate into antibody-producing plasma cells. The suggestively associated regions were enriched for genes in Gene Ontology gene sets involving inflammation and early immune cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Olsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
- * E-mail: (KT); (MO); (KLT)
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (KT); (MO); (KLT)
| | - Marcel Frankowiack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marcin Kierczak
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Axelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Tintle
- Wurtsboro Veterinary Clinic, Wurtsboro, New York, United States of America
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Petra Roosje
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KT); (MO); (KLT)
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Shrestha M, Eriksson S, Schurink A, Andersson LS, Sundquist M, Frey R, Broström H, Bergström T, Ducro B, Lindgren G. Genome-Wide Association Study of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Swedish-Born Icelandic Horses. J Hered 2015; 106:366-74. [PMID: 26026046 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most common allergic skin disease in horses and is caused by biting midges, mainly of the genus Culicoides. The disease predominantly comprises a type I hypersensitivity reaction, causing severe itching and discomfort that reduce the welfare and commercial value of the horse. It is a multifactorial disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, with heritability ranging from 0.16 to 0.27 in various horse breeds. The worldwide prevalence in different horse breeds ranges from 3% to 60%; it is more than 50% in Icelandic horses exported to the European continent and approximately 8% in Swedish-born Icelandic horses. To minimize the influence of environmental effects, we analyzed Swedish-born Icelandic horses to identify genomic regions that regulate susceptibility to IBH. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) study on 104 affected and 105 unaffected Icelandic horses genotyped using Illumina® EquineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip. Quality control and population stratification analyses were performed with the GenABEL package in R (λ = 0.81). The association analysis was performed using the Bayesian variable selection method, Bayes C, implemented in GenSel software. The highest percentage of genetic variance was explained by the windows on X chromosomes (0.51% and 0.36% by 73 and 74 mb), 17 (0.34% by 77 mb), and 18 (0.34% by 26 mb). Overlapping regions with previous GWA studies were observed on chromosomes 7, 9, and 17. The windows identified in our study on chromosomes 7, 10, and 17 harbored immune system genes and are priorities for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merina Shrestha
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Susanne Eriksson
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Anouk Schurink
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Lisa S Andersson
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Marie Sundquist
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Rebecka Frey
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Hans Broström
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Tomas Bergström
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Bart Ducro
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström)
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- From the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Shrestha, Eriksson, Bergström, and Lindgren); Animal Breeding and Genomic Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands (Shrestha, Schurink, and Ducro); Capilet Genetics AB, SE-725 93 Västerås, Sweden (Andersson); Östra Greda Research Group, SE-387 91 Borgholm, Sweden (Sundquist); Norsholms Animal Hospital, SE-602 37 Norrköping, Sweden (Frey); and Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden (Broström).
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Frankowiack M, Olsson M, Cluff HD, Evans AL, Hellman L, Månsson J, Arnemo JM, Hammarström L. IgA deficiency in wolves from Canada and Scandinavia. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 50:26-28. [PMID: 25530092 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in both humans and selected breeds of domestic dogs. In both species, IgAD is associated with recurrent infections and immune mediated diseases. Previous results imply that IgAD is also common in the wild ancestor of domestic dogs, the gray wolf. Here, we report that serum IgA concentrations are significantly different in Scandinavian and Canadian wolves (p = 3.252e-15) with an increased prevalence for IgAD in Scandinavian wolves (60%), which is as high as those found in high-risk dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Frankowiack
- Division of Clinical Immunology (F79), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mia Olsson
- Division of Clinical Immunology (F79), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H Dean Cluff
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Alina L Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Lars Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Månsson
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-730 91 Grimsö, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College, Campus Evenstad, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology (F79), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Bizikova P, Pucheu-Haston CM, Eisenschenk MNC, Marsella R, Nuttall T, Santoro D. Review: Role of genetics and the environment in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:95-e26. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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Udagawa C, Tada N, Asano J, Ishioka K, Ochiai K, Bonkobara M, Tsuchida S, Omi T. The genetic association study between polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 2 and uncoupling protein 3 and metabolic data in dogs. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:904. [PMID: 25495519 PMCID: PMC4295406 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondrial inner membrane are members of the mitochondrial anion carrier protein family that play an important role in energy homeostasis. Genetic association studies have shown that human UCP2 and UCP3 variants (SNPs and indels) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic association between polymorphisms in UCP2 and UCP3 and metabolic data in dogs. Results We identified 10 SNPs (9 intronic and 1 exonic) and 4 indels (intronic) in UCP2, and 13 SNPs (11 intronic and 2 exonic) and one indel (exonic) in UCP3, by DNA sequence analysis of 11 different dog breeds (n = 119). An association study between these UCP2 and UCP3 variants and the biochemical parameters of glucose, total cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase and triglyceride in Labrador Retrievers (n = 50) showed that none of the UCP2 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the levels of these parameters. However, four UCP3 SNPs (intron 1) were significantly associated with total cholesterol levels. In addition, the allele frequencies of two of the four SNPs associated with higher total cholesterol levels in a breed that is susceptible to hypercholesterolemia (Shetland Sheepdogs, n = 30), compared with the control breed (Shiba, n = 30). Conclusion The results obtained from a limited number of individuals suggest that the UCP3 gene in dogs may be associated with total cholesterol levels. The examination of larger sample sizes and further analysis will lead to increased precision of these results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-904) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Toshinori Omi
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Abstract
Although most modern dog breeds are less than 200 years old, the symbiosis between man and dog is ancient. Since prehistoric times, repeated selection events have transformed the wolf into man's guardians, laborers, athletes, and companions. The rapid transformation from pack predator to loyal companion is a feat that is arguably unique among domesticated animals. How this transformation came to pass remained a biological mystery until recently: Within the past decade, the deployment of genomic approaches to study population structure, detect signatures of selection, and identify genetic variants that underlie canine phenotypes is ushering into focus novel biological mechanisms that make dogs remarkable. Ironically, the very practices responsible for breed formation also spurned morbidity; today, many diseases are correlated with breed identity. In this review, we discuss man's best friend in the context of a genetic model to understand paradigms of heritable phenotypes, both desirable and disadvantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Schoenebeck
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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41
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Olsson M, Frankowiack M, Tengvall K, Roosje P, Fall T, Ivansson E, Bergvall K, Hansson-Hamlin H, Sundberg K, Hedhammar A, Lindblad-Toh K, Hammarström L. The dog as a genetic model for immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency: identification of several breeds with low serum IgA concentrations. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:255-9. [PMID: 24935667 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) serves as the basis of the secretory immune system by protecting the lining of mucosal sites from pathogens. In both humans and dogs, IgA deficiency (IgAD) is associated with recurrent infections of mucosal sites and immune-mediated diseases. Low concentrations of serum IgA have previously been reported to occur in a number of dog breeds but no generally accepted cut-off value has been established for canine IgAD. The current study represents the largest screening to date of IgA in dogs in terms of both number of dogs (n=1267) and number of breeds studied (n=22). Serum IgA concentrations were quantified by using capture ELISA and were found to vary widely between breeds. We also found IgA to be positively correlated with age (p<0.0001). Apart from the two breeds previously reported as predisposed to low IgA (Shar-Pei and German shepherd), we identified six additional breeds in which ≥ 10% of all tested dogs had very low (<0.07 g/l) IgA concentrations (Hovawart, Norwegian elkhound, Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever, Bullterrier, Golden retriever and Labrador retriever). In addition, we discovered low IgA concentrations to be significantly associated with canine atopic dermatitis (CAD, p<0.0001) and pancreatic acinar atrophy (PAA, p=0.04) in German shepherds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Olsson
- Division of Clinical Immunology (F79), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marcel Frankowiack
- Division of Clinical Immunology (F79), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petra Roosje
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, PO-Box 8466, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 14B, SE-75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Ivansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helene Hansson-Hamlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Sundberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ake Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology (F79), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden.
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42
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Identification of genetic loci associated with primary angle-closure glaucoma in the basset hound. Mol Vis 2014; 20:497-510. [PMID: 24791135 PMCID: PMC4000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in dogs is usually caused by the gradual collapse of the iridocorneal angle and cleft, eventually leading to aqueous humor (AH) outflow obstruction. The condition occurs in several breeds of dogs and the prognosis for affected animals is typically poor. We have identified several basset hound (BH) pedigrees, as well as unrelated cases with characteristic PACG that in many aspects recapitulates PACG in human patients. The goal of this study was to utilize the BH PACG model to characterize the genetics of PACG, and potentially discover genetic factors contributing to PACG in humans and animals. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide logistic regression test for association using 37 PACG cases and 41 unaffected controls. Population stratification and cryptic relatedness were assessed using a multidimensional scaling analysis. The expression of two candidate genes within the target tissues of the BH eye was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We report significant associations at two novel loci, specifically BICF2P31912 in COL1A2 on chromosome 14 with a per-allele odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 3.35 (1.73-6.51), P(genome)=3.6×10⁻⁴; and BICF2P893476 residing in proximity to RAB22A on chromosome 24 with a per-allele OR (95% CI) of 3.93 (1.78-8.66), P(genome)=4.9×10⁻⁴. COL1A2 and RAB22A demonstrated widespread expression throughout the eye and were prominently noted in the ciliary body (CB), trabecular meshwork (TM), and iris. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of two genetic associations supports the potential segregation of PACG risk-conferring variants in the BH. The genetic associations identified may contribute to mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PACG, which remain to be elucidated.
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Genetics of canine anal furunculosis in the German shepherd dog. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:311-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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