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Kashima H, Fischer A, Veronese-Paniagua DA, Gazit VA, Ma C, Yan Y, Levin MS, Madison BB, Rubin DC. A Novel CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Mouse Model of Colon Carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:101390. [PMID: 39128652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) results from a multistep pathway with sequential acquisition of specific genetic mutations in the colorectal epithelium. Modeling CRC in vivo is critical for understanding the tumor microenvironment. To accurately recapitulate human CRC pathogenesis, mouse models must include these multi-step genetic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to generate a sporadic CRC model that more closely mimics this multi-step process and to use this model to study the role of a novel Let7 target PLAGL2 in CRC pathogenesis. METHODS We generated a CRISPR/Cas9 somatic mutagenesis mouse model that is inducible and multiplexed for simultaneous inactivation of multiple genes involved in CRC pathogenesis. We used both a doxycycline-inducible transcriptional activator and a doxycycline-inactivated transcriptional repressor to achieve tight, non-leaky expression of the Cas9 nickase. This mouse has transgenic expression of multiple guide RNAs to induce sporadic inactivation in the gut epithelium of 4 tumor suppressor genes commonly mutated in CRC, Apc, Pten, Smad4, and Trp53. These were crossed to Vil-LCL-PLAGL2 mice, which have Cre-inducible overexpression of PLAGL2 in the gut epithelium. RESULTS These mice exhibited random somatic mutations in all 4 targeted tumor suppressor genes, resulting in multiple adenomas and adenocarcinomas in the small bowel and colon. Crosses with Vil-LCL-PLAGL2 mice demonstrated that gut-specific PLAGL2 overexpression increased colon tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS This conditional model represents a new CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mouse model of colorectal carcinogenesis. These mice can be used to investigate the role of novel, previously uncharacterized genes in CRC, in the context of multiple commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes and thus more closely mimic human CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kashima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Current affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Anthony Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel A Veronese-Paniagua
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Vered A Gazit
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Changqing Ma
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Marc S Levin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Veteran's Administration St. Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Current affiliation: Poseida Therapeutics Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
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Khazem F, Zetoune AB. Decoding high mobility group A2 protein expression regulation and implications in human cancers. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:322. [PMID: 39085703 PMCID: PMC11291832 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) oncofetal proteins are a distinct category of Transcription Factors (TFs) known as "architectural factors" due to their lack of direct transcriptional activity. Instead, they modulate the three-dimensional structure of chromatin by binding to AT-rich regions in the minor grooves of DNA through their AT-hooks. This binding allows HMGA2 to interact with other proteins and different regions of DNA, thereby regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in carcinogenesis. Consequently, multiple mechanisms exist to finely control HMGA2 protein expression at various transcriptional levels, ensuring precise concentration adjustments to maintain cellular homeostasis. During embryonic development, HMGA2 protein is highly expressed but becomes absent in adult tissues. However, recent studies have revealed its re-elevation in various cancer types. Extensive research has demonstrated the involvement of HMGA2 protein in carcinogenesis at multiple levels. It intervenes in crucial processes such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell stemness, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, ultimately promoting cancer cell survival. This comprehensive review provides insights into the HMGA2 protein, spanning from the genetic regulation to functional protein behavior. It highlights the significant mechanisms governing HMGA2 gene expression and elucidates the molecular roles of HMGA2 in the carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Khazem
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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3
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Povedano E, Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel V, Sebuyoya R, Torrente-Rodríguez RM, Garranzo-Asensio M, Montero-Calle A, Pingarrón JM, Barderas R, Bartosik M, Campuzano S. Bringing to Light the Importance of the miRNA Methylome in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis Through Electrochemical Bioplatforms. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4580-4588. [PMID: 38348822 PMCID: PMC10955513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the first electrochemical bioplatforms developed for the determination of the total contents of either target miRNA or methylated target miRNA. The bioplatforms are based on the hybridization of the target miRNA with a synthetic biotinylated DNA probe, the capture of the formed DNA/miRNA heterohybrids on the surface of magnetic microcarriers, and their recognition with an antibody selective to these heterohybrids or to the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epimark. The determination of the total or methylated target miRNA was accomplished by labeling such secondary antibodies with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. In both cases, amperometric transduction was performed on the surface of disposable electrodes after capturing the resulting HRP-tagged magnetic bioconjugates. Because of their increasing relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis and prognosis, miRNA let-7a and m6A methylation were selected. The proposed electrochemical bioplatforms showed attractive analytical and operational characteristics for the determination of the total and m6A-methylated target miRNA in less than 75 min. These bioplatforms, innovative in design and application, were applied to the analysis of total RNA samples extracted from cultured cancer cells with different metastatic profiles and from paired healthy and tumor tissues of patients diagnosed with CRC at different stages. The obtained results demonstrated, for the first time using electrochemical platforms, the potential of interrogating the target miRNA methylation level to discriminate the metastatic capacities of cancer cells and to identify tumor tissues and, in a pioneering way, the potential of the m6A methylation in miRNA let-7a to serve as a prognostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Povedano
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Víctor Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ravery Sebuyoya
- Research
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno 656
53, Czech Republic
- National
Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Rebeca M. Torrente-Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Maria Garranzo-Asensio
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health
Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health
Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - José M. Pingarrón
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic
Disease Programme, UFIEC, Institute of Health
Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Martin Bartosik
- Research
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, Brno 656
53, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pza. de las Ciencias 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Wang Q, Chen F, He Y, Gao Y, Wang J, Chu S, Xie P, Zhong J, Shan H, Bai J, Hou P. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3/insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins 3/high-mobility group A1 axis promotes renal cancer growth and metastasis. iScience 2024; 27:109158. [PMID: 38405614 PMCID: PMC10884747 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3 (PTBP3) plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including mRNA splicing, translation, and stability. Increasing evidence has shown that PTBP3 promotes cancer progression in several tumor types. However, the molecular mechanisms of PTBP3 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown. Here, tissue microarrays (TMAs) suggested that PTBP3 expression was increased in human RCC and that high PTBP3 expression was correlated with poor five-year overall survival and disease-free survival. We also showed that PTBP3 binds with HMGA1 mRNA in the 3'UTR region and let-7 miRNAs. PTBP3 interacted with IGF2BP3, and the PTBP3/IGF2BP3 axis prevented let-7 mediated HMGA1 mRNA silencing. PTBP3 promotes renal cancer cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate PTBP3 serves as a regulator of HMGA1 and suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqing Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yu He
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Sufang Chu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Haixia Shan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Pingfu Hou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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Fischer AD, Veronese Paniagua DA, Swaminathan S, Kashima H, Rubin DC, Madison BB. The oncogenic function of PLAGL2 is mediated via ASCL2 and IGF2 and a Wnt-independent mechanism in colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G196-G211. [PMID: 37310750 PMCID: PMC10396286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and progression are linked to common oncogenic mutations, especially in the tumor suppressor APC, whose loss triggers the deregulation of TCF4/β-Catenin activity. CRC tumorigenesis is also driven by multiple epimutational modifiers such as transcriptional regulators. We describe the common (and near-universal) activation of the zinc finger transcription factor and Let-7 target PLAGL2 in CRC and find that it is a key driver of intestinal epithelial transformation. PLAGL2 drives proliferation, cell cycle progression, and anchorage-independent growth in CRC cell lines and nontransformed intestinal cells. Investigating effects of PLAGL2 on downstream pathways revealed very modest effects on canonical Wnt signaling. Alternatively, we find pronounced effects on the direct PLAGL2 target genes IGF2, a fetal growth factor, and ASCL2, an intestinal stem cell-specific bHLH transcription factor. Inactivation of PLAGL2 in CRC cell lines has pronounced effects on ASCL2 reporter activity. Furthermore, ASCL2 expression can partially rescue deficits of proliferation and cell cycle progression caused by depletion of PLAGL2 in CRC cell lines. Thus, the oncogenic effects of PLAGL2 appear to be mediated via core stem cell and onco-fetal pathways, with minimal effects on downstream Wnt signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A Let-7 target called PLAGL2 drives oncogenic transformation via Wnt-independent pathways. This work illustrates the robust effects of this zinc finger transcription factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and nontransformed intestinal epithelium, with effects mediated, in part, via the direct target genes ASCL2 and IGF2. This has implications for the role of PLAGL2 in activation of onco-fetal and onco-stem cell pathways, contributing to immature and highly proliferative phenotypes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Fischer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Daniel A Veronese Paniagua
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Shriya Swaminathan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Hajime Kashima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Deborah C Rubin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
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Sugiura K, Masuike Y, Suzuki K, Shin AE, Sakai N, Matsubara H, Otsuka M, Sims PA, Lengner CJ, Rustgi AK. LIN28B promotes cell invasion and colorectal cancer metastasis via CLDN1 and NOTCH3. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167310. [PMID: 37318881 PMCID: PMC10443801 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein LIN28B is overexpressed in over 30% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we unraveled a potentially novel mechanism by which LIN28B regulates colonic epithelial cell-cell junctions and CRC metastasis. Using human CRC cells (DLD-1, Caco-2, and LoVo) with either knockdown or overexpression of LIN28B, we identified claudin 1 (CLDN1) tight junction protein as a direct downstream target and effector of LIN28B. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that LIN28B directly binds to and posttranscriptionally regulates CLDN1 mRNA. Furthermore, using in vitro assays and a potentially novel murine model of metastatic CRC, we show that LIN28B-mediated CLDN1 expression enhances collective invasion, cell migration, and metastatic liver tumor formation. Bulk RNA sequencing of the metastatic liver tumors identified NOTCH3 as a downstream effector of the LIN28B/CLDN1 axis. Additionally, genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of NOTCH3 signaling revealed that NOTCH3 was necessary for invasion and metastatic liver tumor formation. In summary, our results suggest that LIN28B promotes invasion and liver metastasis of CRC by posttranscriptionally regulating CLDN1 and activating NOTCH3 signaling. This discovery offers a promising new therapeutic option for metastatic CRC to the liver, an area where therapeutic advancements have been relatively scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sugiura
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of General Surgery and
| | - Alice E. Shin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Peter A. Sims
- Department of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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7
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Cao L, Duan L, Zhang R, Yang W, Yang N, Huang W, Chen X, Wang N, Niu L, Zhou W, Chen J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Fan D, Liu H. Development and validation of an RBP gene signature for prognosis prediction in colorectal cancer based on WGCNA. Hereditas 2023; 160:10. [PMID: 36895014 PMCID: PMC9999506 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in oncogenesis and progression in various cancers. However, the potential value of RBPs as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) requires further investigation. METHODS Four thousand eighty two RBPs were collected from literature. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify prognosis-related RBP gene modules based on the data attained from the TCGA cohorts. LASSO algorithm was conducted to establish a prognostic risk model, and the validity of the proposed model was confirmed by an independent GEO dataset. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the potential biological functions and pathways of the signature and to estimate tumor immune infiltration. Potential therapeutic compounds were inferred utilizing CMap database. Expressions of hub genes were further verified through the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and RT-qPCR. RESULTS One thousand seven hundred thirty four RBPs were differently expressed in CRC samples and 4 gene modules remarkably linked to the prognosis were identified, based on which a 12-gene signature was established for prognosis prediction. Multivariate Cox analysis suggested this signature was an independent predicting factor of overall survival (P < 0.001; HR:3.682; CI:2.377-5.705) and ROC curves indicated it has an effective predictive performance (1-year AUC: 0.653; 3-year AUC:0.673; 5-year AUC: 0.777). GSEA indicated that high risk score was correlated with several cancer-related pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor cross talk, ECM receptor cross talk, HEDGEHOG signaling cascade and JAK/STAT signaling cascade. ssGSEA analysis exhibited a significant correlation between immune status and the risk signature. Noscapine and clofazimine were screened as potential drugs for CRC patients with high-risk scores. TDRD5 and GPC1 were identified as hub genes and their expression were validated in 15 pairs of surgically resected CRC tissues. CONCLUSION Our research provides a depth insight of RBPs' role in CRC and the proposed signature are helpful to the personalized treatment and prognostic judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, 210001, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- College of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liaoran Niu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiding Li
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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8
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Graham O, Rodriguez J, van Biljon L, Fashemi B, Graham E, Fuh K, Khabele D, Mullen M. Generation and Culturing of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patient-Derived Organoids. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64878. [PMID: 36688549 PMCID: PMC10881225 DOI: 10.3791/64878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3D dynamic tumor models that can be grown successfully from patient-derived ovarian tumor tissue, ascites, or pleural fluid and aid in the discovery of novel therapeutics and predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer. These models recapitulate clonal heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Additionally, they have been shown to match the primary tumor morphologically, cytologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically. Thus, organoids facilitate research on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment and are superior to cell lines. The present protocol describes distinct methods to generate patient-derived ovarian cancer organoids from patient tumors, ascites, and pleural fluid samples with a higher than 97% success rate. The patient samples are separated into cellular suspensions by both mechanical and enzymatic digestion. The cells are then plated utilizing a basement membrane extract (BME) and are supported with optimized growth media containing supplements specific to the culturing of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). After forming initial organoids, the PDOs can sustain long-term culture, including passaging for expansion for subsequent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katherine Fuh
- Washington University in St. Louis; University of California San Francisco
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9
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Kuhn M, Zhang Y, Favate J, Morita M, Blucher A, Das S, Liang S, Preet R, Parham LR, Williams KN, Molugu S, Armstrong RJ, Zhang W, Yang J, Hamilton KE, Dixon DA, Mills G, Morgan TK, Shah P, Andres SF. IMP1/IGF2BP1 in human colorectal cancer extracellular vesicles. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G571-G585. [PMID: 36194131 PMCID: PMC9678429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00121.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. There is an urgent need for new methods of early CRC detection and monitoring to improve patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted, lipid-bilayer bound, nanoparticles that carry biological cargo throughout the body and in turn exhibit cancer-related biomarker potential. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression that may provide a link between host cell gene expression and EV phenotypes. Insulin-like growth factor 2 RNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1/IMP1) is an RBP that is highly expressed in CRC with higher levels of expression correlating with poor prognosis. IMP1 binds and potently regulates tumor-associated transcripts that may impact CRC EV phenotypes. Our objective was to test whether IMP1 expression levels impact EV secretion and/or cargo. We used RNA sequencing, in vitro CRC cell lines, ex vivo colonoid models, and xenograft mice to test the hypothesis that IMP1 influences EV secretion and/or cargo in human CRC. Our data demonstrate that IMP1 modulates the RNA expression of transcripts associated with extracellular vesicle pathway regulation, but it has no effect on EV secretion levels in vitro or in vivo. Rather, IMP1 appears to affect EV regulation by directly entering EVs in a transformation-dependent manner. These findings suggest that IMP1 has the ability to shape EV cargo in human CRC, which could serve as a diagnostic/prognostic circulating tumor biomarker.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates that the RNA binding protein IGF2BP1/IMP1 alters the transcript profile of colorectal cancer cell (CRC) mRNAs from extracellular vesicle (EV) pathways. IMP1 does not alter EV production or secretion in vitro or in vivo, but rather enters CRC cells where it may further impact EV cargo. Our work shows that IMP1 has the ability to shape EV cargo in human CRC, which could serve as a diagnostic/prognostic circulating tumor biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Kuhn
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yang Zhang
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - John Favate
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mayu Morita
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aurora Blucher
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sukanya Das
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shun Liang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ranjan Preet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Louis R Parham
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathy N Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sudheer Molugu
- Electron Microscopy Resource Lab, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Randall J Armstrong
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiegang Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Gordon Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Premal Shah
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Division, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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10
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Chirshev E, Suzuki T, Wang H, Nguyen A, Hojo N, Sanderman L, Mirshahidi S, Ioffe YJ, Unternaehrer JJ. Let-7i Reduces Aggressive Phenotype and Induces BRCAness in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184617. [PMID: 34572843 PMCID: PMC8468164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is a deadly gynecological cancer with poor long-term survival. Dysregulation of microRNAs has been shown to contribute to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), an important part of oncogenesis and tumor progression. The let-7 family of microRNAs has previously been shown to regulate stemness and has tumor suppressive actions in a variety of cancers, including ovarian. Here, we demonstrate tumor suppressor actions of let-7i: repression of cancer cell stemness, inhibition of migration and invasion, and promotion of apoptosis, features important for cancer progression, relapse, and metastasis. Let-7i over-expression results in increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in samples without BRCA mutations, consistent with induction of BRCAness phenotype. We also show that let-7i inhibits the expression of several factors involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway, providing potential mechanisms by which the BRCAness phenotype could be induced. These actions of let-7i add to the rationale for use of this miRNA as a treatment for ovarian cancer patients, including those without mutations in the HRR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chirshev
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tise Suzuki
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Anthony Nguyen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Nozomi Hojo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Linda Sanderman
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Biology Department, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - Saied Mirshahidi
- Biospecimen Laboratory, Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Yevgeniya J. Ioffe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Juli J. Unternaehrer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (E.C.); (T.S.); (H.W.); (A.N.); (N.H.); (L.S.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Liang Q, Du X, Mao L, Wang G. Molecular characterization of colorectal cancer: A five-gene prognostic signature based on RNA-binding proteins. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:223-233. [PMID: 34169901 PMCID: PMC8448017 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_530_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate essential biological processes and play essential roles in a variety of cancers. The present study screened differentially expressed RBPs, analyzed their function and constructed a prognostic model to predict the overall survival of patients with CRC. METHODS We downloaded CRC RNA-sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal and screened differentially expressed RBPs. Then, functional analyses of these genes were performed, and a risk model was established by multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS We obtained 132 differentially expressed RBPs, including 66 upregulated and 66 downregulated RBPs. Functional analysis revealed that these genes were significantly enriched in RNA processing, modification and binding, ribosome biogenesis, post-transcriptional regulation, ribonuclease and nuclease activity. Additionally, some RBPs were significantly related to interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-beta biosynthetic processes and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. A prognostic model was constructed and included insulin like growth factor 2 messenger ribonucleic acid binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), poly (A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 like (PABPC1L), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A), peptidyl- transfer ribonucleic acid hydrolase 1 homolog (PTRH1) and tudor domain containing 7 (TDRD7). The model is an independent risk factor for clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSION Our study provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of CRC and constructed a prognostic gene model, which may be helpful for determining the prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Liang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Qiankun Liang, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730020, China. E-mail:
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lanfang Mao
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Liu TC, Kern JT, Jain U, Sonnek NM, Xiong S, Simpson KF, VanDussen KL, Winkler ES, Haritunians T, Malique A, Lu Q, Sasaki Y, Storer C, Diamond MS, Head RD, McGovern DPB, Stappenbeck TS. Western diet induces Paneth cell defects through microbiome alterations and farnesoid X receptor and type I interferon activation. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:988-1001.e6. [PMID: 34010595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal Paneth cells modulate innate immunity and infection. In Crohn's disease, genetic mutations together with environmental triggers can disable Paneth cell function. Here, we find that a western diet (WD) similarly leads to Paneth cell dysfunction through mechanisms dependent on the microbiome and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Analysis of multiple human cohorts suggests that obesity is associated with Paneth cell dysfunction. In mouse models, consumption of a WD for as little as 4 weeks led to Paneth cell dysfunction. WD consumption in conjunction with Clostridium spp. increased the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid levels in the ileum, which in turn inhibited Paneth cell function. The process required excess signaling of both FXR and IFN within intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between poor diet and inhibition of gut innate immunity and uncover an effect of FXR activation in gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Justin T Kern
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Umang Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naomi M Sonnek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine F Simpson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Talin Haritunians
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Atika Malique
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chad Storer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- The F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles 90048, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Suzuki K, Masuike Y, Mizuno R, Sachdeva UM, Chatterji P, Andres SF, Sun W, Klein-Szanto AJ, Besharati S, Remotti HE, Verzi MP, Rustgi AK. LIN28B induces a differentiation program through CDX2 in colon cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140382. [PMID: 33755595 PMCID: PMC8262288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are moderately differentiated or well differentiated, a status that is preserved even in metastatic tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC differentiation remain to be elucidated. Herein, we unravel a potentially novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism via a LIN28B/CDX2 signaling axis that plays a critical role in mediating CRC differentiation. Owing to a large number of mRNA targets, the mRNA-binding protein LIN28B has diverse functions in development, metabolism, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Our RNA-binding protein IP (RIP) assay revealed that LIN28B directly binds CDX2 mRNA, which is a pivotal homeobox transcription factor in normal intestinal epithelial cell identity and differentiation. Furthermore, LIN28B overexpression resulted in enhanced CDX2 expression to promote differentiation in subcutaneous xenograft tumors generated from CRC cells and metastatic tumor colonization through mesenchymal-epithelial transition in CRC liver metastasis mouse models. A ChIP sequence for CDX2 identified α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) as a potentially novel transcriptional target of CDX2 in the context of LIN28B overexpression. We also found that AMACR enhanced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, which is known as a key component of intestinal differentiation, through the upregulation of butyric acid. Overall, we demonstrated that LIN28B promotes CRC differentiation through the CDX2/AMACR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Uma M Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wenping Sun
- Institute for Biomedical informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sepideh Besharati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen E Remotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Keskin T, Bakaric A, Waszyk P, Boulay G, Torsello M, Cornaz-Buros S, Chevalier N, Geiser T, Martin P, Volorio A, Iyer S, Kulkarni A, Letovanec I, Cherix S, Cote GM, Choy E, Digklia A, Montemurro M, Chebib I, Nielsen PG, Carcaboso AM, Mora J, Renella R, Suvà ML, Fusco C, Provero P, Rivera MN, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. LIN28B Underlies the Pathogenesis of a Subclass of Ewing Sarcoma LIN28B Control of EWS-FLI1 Stability. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4567-4583.e5. [PMID: 32234488 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is associated with poor prognosis despite current multimodal therapy. Targeting of EWS-FLI1, the fusion protein responsible for its pathogenesis, and its principal downstream targets has not yet produced satisfactory therapeutic options, fueling the search for alternative approaches. Here, we show that the oncofetal RNA-binding protein LIN28B regulates the stability of EWS-FLI1 mRNA in ~10% of EwSs. LIN28B depletion in these tumors leads to a decrease in the expression of EWS-FLI1 and its direct transcriptional network, abrogating EwS cell self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of LIN28B mimics the effect of LIN28B depletion, suggesting that LIN28B sustains the emergence of a subset of EwS in which it also serves as an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Keskin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Bakaric
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Waszyk
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matteo Torsello
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Cornaz-Buros
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Chevalier
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Geiser
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Martin
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Volorio
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sowmya Iyer
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anupriya Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cherix
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edwin Choy
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Montemurro
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Chebib
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Petur G Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Provero
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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van de Grift YBC, Heijmans N, van Amerongen R. How to Use Online Tools to Generate New Hypotheses for Mammary Gland Biology Research: A Case Study for Wnt7b. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:319-335. [PMID: 33625717 PMCID: PMC7960620 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of '-omics' datasets, generated by labs all across the world, are becoming available. They contain a wealth of data that are largely unexplored. Not every scientist, however, will have access to the required resources and expertise to analyze such data from scratch. Fortunately, a growing number of investigators is dedicating their time and effort to the development of user friendly, online applications that allow researchers to use and investigate these datasets. Here, we will illustrate the usefulness of such an approach. Using regulation of Wnt7b expression as an example, we will highlight a selection of accessible tools and resources that are available to researchers in the area of mammary gland biology. We show how they can be used for in silico analyses of gene regulatory mechanisms, resulting in new hypotheses and providing leads for experimental follow up. We also call out to the mammary gland community to join forces in a coordinated effort to generate and share additional tissue-specific '-omics' datasets and thereby expand the in silico toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Bernardus Cornelis van de Grift
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nika Heijmans
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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The Role of LIN28- let-7-ARID3B Pathway in Placental Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103637. [PMID: 32455665 PMCID: PMC7279312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental disorders are a major cause of pregnancy loss in humans, and 40–60% of embryos are lost between fertilization and birth. Successful embryo implantation and placental development requires rapid proliferation, invasion, and migration of trophoblast cells. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of molecular pathways involved in trophoblast function. A miRNA binds its target mRNA in the 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR), causing its degradation or translational repression. Lethal-7 (let-7) miRNAs induce cell differentiation and reduce cell proliferation by targeting proliferation-associated genes. The oncoprotein LIN28 represses the biogenesis of mature let-7 miRNAs. Proliferating cells have high LIN28 and low let-7 miRNAs, whereas differentiating cells have low LIN28 and high let-7 miRNAs. In placenta, low LIN28 and high let-7 miRNAs can lead to reduced proliferation of trophoblast cells, resulting in abnormal placental development. In trophoblast cells, let-7 miRNAs reduce the expression of proliferation factors either directly by binding their mRNA in 3ʹ-UTR or indirectly by targeting the AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)3B complex, a transcription-activating complex comprised of ARID3A, ARID3B, and histone demethylase 4C (KDM4C). In this review, we discuss regulation of trophoblast function by miRNAs, focusing on the role of LIN28-let-7-ARID3B pathway in placental development.
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17
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Unachukwu U, Chada K, D’Armiento J. High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2) Oncogenicity in Mesenchymal and Epithelial Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093151. [PMID: 32365712 PMCID: PMC7246488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) has been associated with increased cell proliferation and cell cycle dysregulation, leading to the ontogeny of varied tumor types and their metastatic potentials, a frequently used index of disease prognosis. In this review, we deepen our understanding of HMGA2 pathogenicity by exploring the mechanisms by which HMGA2 misexpression and ectopic expression induces mesenchymal and epithelial tumorigenesis respectively and distinguish the pathogenesis of benign from malignant mesenchymal tumors. Importantly, we highlight the regulatory role of let-7 microRNA family of tumor suppressors in determining HMGA2 misexpression events leading to tumor pathogenesis and focused on possible mechanisms by which HMGA2 could propagate lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), benign mesenchymal tumors of the lungs. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for epithelial and mesenchymal tumorigenesis based on targeting the HMGA2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Unachukwu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Kiran Chada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-402, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-305-3745
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18
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Bo H, Liu Z, Tang R, Gong G, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhu F, Zhou D, Zhu W, Tan Y, Fan L. Testicular biopsies microarray analysis reveals circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2610-2625. [PMID: 32029690 PMCID: PMC7041731 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many diseases. But there is no report on circRNAs in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). The purpose of this paper is to explore the circular RNA expression profile and potential functions of circRNAs in NOA patients. We first preformed circRNA expression profiling analysis using a circRNA microarray in testicular samples from NOA and obstructive azoospermia (OA) patients. CircRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis were used to construct the ceRNA network. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed by using DAVID. Microarray analysis identified 82 differentially expressed circRNAs in NOA specimens. The differential expression of hsa_circRNA_402130, hsa_circRNA_072697, hsa_circRNA_030050, hsa_circRNA_100812 and hsa_circRNA_406168 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Enrichment analysis revealed the association of hsa_circRNA_402130 and hsa_circRNA_072697 with multiple signaling pathways. The data indicated that circRNAs were significantly dysregulated in NOA specimens and might involve in the pathogenesis of NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bo
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiling Tang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dai Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbing Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Liqing Fan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
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19
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Jia WQ, Zhu JW, Yang CY, Ma J, Pu TY, Han GQ, Zou MM, Xu RX. Verbascoside inhibits progression of glioblastoma cells by promoting Let-7g-5p and down-regulating HMGA2 via Wnt/beta-catenin signalling blockade. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2901-2916. [PMID: 32000296 PMCID: PMC7077555 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) continues to show a poor prognosis despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The discovery of reliable prognostic indicators may significantly improve treatment outcome of GBM. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of verbascoside (VB) in GBM and its effects on GBM cell biological processes via let‐7g‐5p and HMGA2. Differentially expressed GBM‐related microRNAs (miRNAs) were initially screened. Different concentrations of VB were applied to U87 and U251 GBM cells, and 50 µmol/L of VB was selected for subsequent experiments. Cells were transfected with let‐7g‐5p inhibitor or mimic, and overexpression of HMGA2 or siRNA against HMGA2 was induced, followed by treatment with VB. The regulatory relationships between VB, let‐7g‐5p, HMGA2 and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway were determined. The results showed that HMGA2 was a direct target gene of let‐7g‐5p. VB treatment or let‐7g‐5p overexpression inhibited HMGA2 expression and the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway, which further inhibited cell viability, invasion, migration, tumour growth and promoted GBM cell apoptosis and autophagy. On the contrary, HMGA2 overexpression promoted cell viability, invasion, migration, tumour growth while inhibiting GBM cell apoptosis and autophagy. We demonstrated that VB inhibits cell viability and promotes cell autophagy in GBM cells by up‐regulating let‐7g‐5p and down‐regulating HMGA2 via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tian-You Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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20
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High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030717. [PMID: 31979076 PMCID: PMC7038092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are oncofoetal chromatin architectural factors that are widely involved in regulating gene expression. These proteins are unique, because they are highly expressed in embryonic and cancer cells, where they play a relevant role in cell proliferation, stemness, and the acquisition of aggressive tumour traits, i.e., motility, invasiveness, and metastatic properties. The HMGA protein expression levels and activities are controlled by a connected set of events at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. In fact, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA stability is the most-studied mechanism of HMGA protein expression modulation. In this review, we contribute to a comprehensive overview of HMGA-targeting miRNAs; we provide detailed information regarding HMGA gene structural organization and a comprehensive evaluation and description of HMGA-targeting miRNAs, while focusing on those that are widely involved in HMGA regulation; and, we aim to offer insights into HMGA-miRNA mutual cross-talk from a functional and cancer-related perspective, highlighting possible clinical implications.
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21
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Li K, Yang J, Chen J, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Chen W. High mobility group AT-hook 2 and c-MYC as potential prognostic factors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1584-1592. [PMID: 31966084 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated if c-MYC and high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) expression was associated with prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A total of 102 patients undergoing surgery for PDAC were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect c-MYC and HMGA2 protein expression in PDAC and peritumoral tissue samples. Expression of c-MYC and HMGA2 was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of patients with PDAC using multivariate analysis. HMGA2 and c-MYC protein expression was significantly higher in PDAC tissues compared with peritumoral tissue (P<0.001). HMGA2 and c-MYC expression was also significantly higher in patients with PDAC who had lymph node metastasis, invasion of regional tissues and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage III or IV disease compared with those who had no lymph node metastasis, no invasion of regional tissues and TNM stage I or II disease (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify TNM stage (P=0.007) and invasion (P=0.003) as significant independent predictors of c-MYC expression (model AUC=0.8201), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.002) and invasion (P=0.003) as significant independent predictors of HMGA2 expression (model AUC=0.7638). Cox multivariate analysis showed that expression of c-MYC (P=0.019) and HMGA2 (P<0.001), TNM stage (P=0.014) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.032) were associated with reduced overall survival time. HMGA2 and c-MYC may be important biological markers and potential therapeutic targets involved in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, invasion and prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yanshu Shi
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Northwestern Quantitative Imaging Core Lab, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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22
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Angius A, Uva P, Pira G, Muroni MR, Sotgiu G, Saderi L, Uleri E, Caocci M, Ibba G, Cesaraccio MR, Serra C, Carru C, Manca A, Sanges F, Porcu A, Dolei A, Scanu AM, Rocca PC, De Miglio MR. Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Endorses a Twenty miRNAs Signature for Colorectal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4067. [PMID: 31434359 PMCID: PMC6720928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the most frequent carcinoma worldwide. CRC patients show strong prognostic differences and responses to treatment, and 20% have incurable metastatic disease at diagnosis. We considered it essential to investigate mechanisms that control cellular regulatory networks, such as the miRNA-mRNA interaction, known to be involved in cancer pathogenesis. We conducted a human miRNome analysis by TaqMan low density array, comparing CRC to normal colon tissue (NCT, and experimentally identified gene targets of miRNAs deregulated, by anti-correlation analysis, with the CRC whole-transcriptome profile obtained from RNASeq experiments. We identified an integrated signature of 20 deregulated miRNAs in CRC. Enrichment analyses of the gene targets controlled by these miRNAs brought to light 25 genes, members of pathways known to lead to cell growth and death (CCND1, NKD1, FZD3, MAD2L1, etc.), such as cell metabolism (ACSL6, PRPS1-2). A screening of prognosis-mediated miRNAs underlined that the overexpression of miR-224 promotes CRC metastasis, and is associated with high stage and poor survival. These findings suggest that the biology and progression of CRC depend on deregulation of multiple miRNAs that cause a complex dysfunction of cellular molecular networks. Our results have further established miRNA-mRNA interactions and defined multiple pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angius
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Paolo Uva
- CRS4, Science and Technology Park Polaris, Piscina Manna, 09050 Pula (CA), Italy
| | - Giovanna Pira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Muroni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Uleri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Caocci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ibba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Cesaraccio
- Department of Prevention, Registro Tumori Provincia di Sassari, ASSL Sassari-ATS Sardegna, Via Rizzeddu 21, Sassari, Italy
| | - Caterina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Manca
- Department of Pathology, AOU Sassari, Via Matteotti 60, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanges
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Porcu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonia Dolei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43-b, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mario Scanu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cossu Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
- Department of Diagnostic Services, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, ASSL Olbia-ATS Sardegna, Via Bazzoni-Sircana, 07026 Olbia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria De Miglio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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23
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García-Cárdenas JM, Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guevara-Ramírez P, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Zambrano AK, Leone PE, Paz-y-Miño C. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Colorectal Cancer: A Focus on RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:65. [PMID: 31440515 PMCID: PMC6693420 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem with an estimated 1. 8 million new cases worldwide. To date, most CRC studies have focused on DNA-related aberrations, leaving post-transcriptional processes under-studied. However, post-transcriptional alterations have been shown to play a significant part in the maintenance of cancer features. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are uprising as critical regulators of every cancer hallmark, yet little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms and key downstream oncogenic targets. Currently, more than a thousand RBPs have been discovered in humans and only a few have been implicated in the carcinogenic process and even much less in CRC. Identification of cancer-related RBPs is of great interest to better understand CRC biology and potentially unveil new targets for cancer therapy and prognostic biomarkers. In this work, we reviewed all RBPs which have a role in CRC, including their control by microRNAs, xenograft studies and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - César Paz-y-Miño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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24
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Zhang X, Wu M, Chong QY, Zhang W, Qian P, Yan H, Qian W, Zhang M, Lobie PE, Zhu T. Amplification of hsa-miR-191/425 locus promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis by targeting DICER1. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1506-1516. [PMID: 30084985 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of micro RNAs (miRNAs) is a crucial characteristic of human cancers. Herein, we observed frequent amplification of the MIR191/425 locus in breast cancer, which is correlated with poor survival outcome. We demonstrated that the miR-191/425 cluster binds the 3' untranslated region of the DICER1 transcript and posttranscriptionally represses DICER1 expression, thereby impairing global miRNAs biogenesis. Functionally, the forced expression of miR-191 or miR-425 stimulated the proliferation, survival, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-191 or miR-425 suppressed these oncogenic behaviors of breast cancer cells, in a manner dependent on miR-191/425-mediated downregulation of DICER1. Furthermore, the miR-191/425 cluster promoted breast tumor growth, invasion and metastasis in vivo. The let-7 family of miRNAs was downregulated upon forced expression of miR-191 or miR-425, with a corresponding increase in the levels of let-7 target, high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). The forced expression of let-7 partially abrogated the miR-191/425-mediated oncogenic effects in breast cancer cells, suggestive of let-7 as a downstream effector of the miR-191/425-DICER1 axis. Collectively, we proposed that the inhibition of global miRNA processing, through miR-191/425-mediated downregulation of DICER1, promotes breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wenchang Qian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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25
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Andres SF, Williams KN, Plesset JB, Headd JJ, Mizuno R, Chatterji P, Lento AA, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mick R, Hamilton KE, Rustgi AK. IMP1 3' UTR shortening enhances metastatic burden in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:569-579. [PMID: 30407516 PMCID: PMC6556707 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IMP1) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, evidence for a direct role for IMP1 in CRC metastasis is lacking. IMP1 is regulated by let-7 microRNA, which binds in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the transcript. The availability of binding sites is in part controlled by alternative polyadenylation, which determines 3' UTR length. Expression of the short 3' UTR transcript (lacking all microRNA sites) results in higher protein levels and is correlated with increased proliferation. We used in vitro and in vivo model systems to test the hypothesis that the short 3' UTR isoform of IMP1 promotes CRC metastasis. Herein we demonstrate that 3' UTR shortening increases IMP1 protein expression and that this in turn enhances the metastatic burden to the liver, whereas expression of the long isoform (full length 3' UTR) does not. Increased tumor burden results from elevated tumor surface area driven by cell proliferation and cell survival mechanisms. These processes are independent of classical apoptosis pathways. Moreover, we demonstrate the shifts toward the short isoform are associated with metastasis in patient populations where IMP1-long expression predominates. Overall, our work demonstrates that different IMP1 expression levels result in different functional outcomes in CRC metastasis and that targeting IMP1 may reduce tumor progression in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy N Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Plesset
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Headd
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley A Lento
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosemarie Mick
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Cai F, Dai C, Chen S, Wu Q, Liu X, Hong Y, Wang Z, Li L, Yan W, Wang R, Zhang J. CXCL12-regulated miR-370-3p functions as a tumor suppressor gene by targeting HMGA2 in nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 488:25-35. [PMID: 30853598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Silencing of noncoding genes within the imprinted DLK1-MEG3 locus is exclusive to human nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), but the exact mechanism is still unclear. This study was designed to demonstrate the impact of CXCL12 on the expression of miRNAs within this locus and phenotypic alterations of NFPAs. Human NFPA samples were collected for screening differentially expressed miRNAs by CXCL12. Target mRNAs of the miRNAs were predicted and verified in vitro. Tumor phenotypic alterations were also tested. Another 51 NFPA samples were enrolled to examine the correlation and clinical features. The expression of miR-370 was decreased by CXCL12 treatment in NFPAs. miR-370-3p was predicted and verified to target HMGA2 as a tumor suppressor gene. Overexpression of HMGA2 inhibited its antitumor function. miR-370-3p was downregulated and HMGA2 was upregulated significantly in High grade NFPAs. In conclusion, the CXCL12/miR-370-3p/HMGA2 signaling pathway is involved in tumor growth and invasiveness of NFPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cai
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Congxin Dai
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shasha Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Dept. of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Qun Wu
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohai Liu
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan Hong
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The Dept. of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The City of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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27
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Chatterji P, Williams PA, Whelan KA, Samper FC, Andres SF, Simon LA, Parham LR, Mizuno R, Lundsmith ET, Lee DS, Liang S, Wijeratne HS, Marti S, Chau L, Giroux V, Wilkins BJ, Wu GD, Shah P, Tartaglia GG, Hamilton KE. Posttranscriptional regulation of colonic epithelial repair by RNA binding protein IMP1/IGF2BP1. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847074. [PMID: 31061170 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins, including IMP1/IGF2BP1, are essential regulators of intestinal development and cancer. Imp1 hypomorphic mice exhibit gastrointestinal growth defects, yet the specific role for IMP1 in colon epithelial repair is unclear. Our prior work revealed that intestinal epithelial cell-specific Imp1 deletion (Imp1 Δ IEC ) was associated with better regeneration in mice after irradiation. Here, we report increased IMP1 expression in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We demonstrate that Imp1 Δ IEC mice exhibit enhanced recovery following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-mediated colonic injury. Imp1 Δ IEC mice exhibit Paneth cell granule changes, increased autophagy flux, and upregulation of Atg5. In silico and biochemical analyses revealed direct binding of IMP1 to MAP1LC3B, ATG3, and ATG5 transcripts. Genetic deletion of essential autophagy gene Atg7 in Imp1 Δ IEC mice revealed increased sensitivity of double-mutant mice to colonic injury compared to control or Atg7 single mutant mice, suggesting a compensatory relationship between Imp1 and the autophagy pathway. The present study defines a novel interplay between IMP1 and autophagy, where IMP1 may be transiently induced during damage to modulate colonic epithelial cell responses to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick A Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fernando C Samper
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis R Parham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma T Lundsmith
- Thomas Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Sm Lee
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shun Liang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Stefanie Marti
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lillian Chau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veronique Giroux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Wilkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary D Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Premal Shah
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gian G Tartaglia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc ats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Sung Y, Jeong J, Kang RJ, Choi M, Park S, Kwon W, Lee J, Jang S, Park SJ, Kim S, Yi J, Choi S, Lee M, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo ZY, Kim MO. Lin28a expression protects against streptozotocin‐induced β‐cell destruction and prevents diabetes in mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:139-147. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghun Sung
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ri jin Kang
- Department of Food Science and NutritionKyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jun Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongming Road Zhengzhou China
| | - Junkoo Yi
- Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute Yeongju Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mee‐Hyun Lee
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongming Road Zhengzhou China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongming Road Zhengzhou China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China‐US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongming Road Zhengzhou China
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and NutritionKyungpook National University Sangju Republic of Korea
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29
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Parham LR, Williams PA, Chatterji P, Whelan KA, Hamilton KE. RNA regulons are essential in intestinal homeostasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G197-G204. [PMID: 30520692 PMCID: PMC6383383 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00403.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are among the most rapidly proliferating cell types in the human body. There are several different subtypes of epithelial cells, each with unique functional roles in responding to the ever-changing environment. The epithelium's ability for rapid and customized responses to environmental changes requires multitiered levels of gene regulation. An emerging paradigm in gastrointestinal epithelial cells is the regulation of functionally related mRNA families, or regulons, via RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RBPs represent a rapid and efficient mechanism to regulate gene expression and cell function. In this review, we will provide an overview of intestinal epithelial RBPs and how they contribute specifically to intestinal epithelial stem cell dynamics. In addition, we will highlight key gaps in knowledge in the global understanding of RBPs in gastrointestinal physiology as an opportunity for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis R. Parham
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick A. Williams
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,4Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn E. Hamilton
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Lim D, Byun WG, Park SB. Restoring Let-7 microRNA Biogenesis Using a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Protein-RNA Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1181-1185. [PMID: 30613323 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal function of RNA-binding proteins can lead to dysregulation of RNA function, causing a variety of disease states. Thus, developing small-molecule modulators of protein-RNA interactions is one of the key challenges in chemical biology. Herein, we performed a high-throughput screening of chemical libraries using a Förster resonance energy transfer-based Lin28-let-7 interaction assay to identify a potent small-molecule inhibitor of the protein-microRNA interaction, as it is an important target implicated in stem cell-like phenotypes in cancer cells. The new inhibitor KCB3602 selectively restored cellular let-7 microRNA levels, decreased the expression of a panel of oncogenes responsible for cancer stem cell maintenance, and showed potential anticancer activities. We expect that our Lin28-let-7 interaction inhibitor will provide a good starting point for pharmacological eradication of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Lim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Wan Gi Byun
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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31
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Zhou Z, Lu Y, Wang Y, Du L, Zhang Y, Tao J. Let-7c regulates proliferation and osteodifferentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells under oxidative stress by targeting SCD-1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C57-C69. [PMID: 30379578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00211.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and density, which usually parallels a reduced antioxidative capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), a population of self-renewing multipotent cells, are a well-recognized source of potential bone precursors with significant clinical potential for tissue regeneration. We previously showed that overexpressing stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs recently recognized to play key roles in many developmental processes, and miRNA let-7c is downregulated during osteoinduction. We found that let-7c was upregulated in the serum of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis compared with healthy controls. Levels of let-7c during osteogenic differentiation of ADMSCs were examined under oxidative stress in vitro and found to be upregulated. Overexpression of let-7c inhibited osteogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of let-7c function promoted this process, evidenced by increased expression of osteoblast-specific genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization. The luciferase reporter assay was used to validate SCD-1 as a target of let-7c. Further experiments showed that silencing of SCD-1 significantly attenuated the effect of let-7c inhibitor on osteoblast markers, providing strong evidence that let-7c modulates osteogenic differentiation by targeting SCD-1. Inhibition of let-7c promoted the translocation of β-catenin into nuclei, thus activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that let-7c is induced under oxidative stress conditions and in osteoporosis, reducing SCD-1 protein levels, switching off Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and inhibiting osteogenic differentiation. Thus, let-7c may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of osteoporosis and especially postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yuanshan Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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32
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De Robertis M, Poeta ML, Signori E, Fazio VM. Current understanding and clinical utility of miRNAs regulation of colon cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:232-247. [PMID: 30130662 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal tumorigenesis are suggested to be responsible for initiation, development and propagation of colorectal cancer (CRC) and have been extensively characterized by the expression of phenotypic determinants, such as surface or intracellular proteins. The generation of CSCs is likely due to a dysregulation of the signaling pathways that principally control self-renewal and pluripotency in normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs) through different (epi)genetic changes that define cell fate, identity, and phenotype of CSCs. These aspects are currently under intense investigation. In the framework of the oncogenic signaling pathways controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs) during CRC development, a plethora of data suggests that miRNAs can play a key role in several regulatory pathways involving CSCs biology, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, metastatization, and pharmacoresistance. This review examines the most relevant evidences about the role of miRNAs in the etiology of CRC, through the regulation of colon CSCs and the principal differences between colorectal CSCs and benign stem cells. In this perspective, the utility of the principal CSCs-related miRNAs changes is explored, emphasizing their use as potential biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis and predicting response to therapy in CRC patients, but also as promising targets for more effective and personalized anti-CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", viale dei Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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33
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Strubberg AM, Veronese Paniagua DA, Zhao T, Dublin L, Pritchard T, Bayguinov PO, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Madison BB. The Zinc Finger Transcription Factor PLAGL2 Enhances Stem Cell Fate and Activates Expression of ASCL2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:410-424. [PMID: 30017821 PMCID: PMC6092695 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) fate is promoted by two major transcriptional regulators, the TCF4/β-catenin complex and ASCL2, which drive expression of IESC-specific factors, including Lgr5, Ephb2, and Rnf43. Canonical Wnt signaling via TCF4/β-catenin directly transactivates Ascl2, which in turn auto-regulates its own expression. Conversely, Let-7 microRNAs antagonize the IESC lineage by repressing specific mRNA targets. Here, we identify the zinc finger transcription factor PLAGL2 as a Let-7 target that regulates IESC fate. PLAGL2 drives an IESC expression signature, activates Wnt gene expression, and enhances a TCF/LEF reporter in intestinal organoids. In parallel, via cell-autonomous mechanisms, PLAGL2 is required for lineage clonal expansion and directly enhances expression of ASCL2. PLAGL2 also supports enteroid growth and survival in the context of Wnt ligand depletion. PLAGL2 expression is strongly associated with an IESC signature in colorectal cancer and may be responsible for contributing to the aberrant activation of an immature phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Strubberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8124, CSRB NT 923, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel A Veronese Paniagua
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8124, CSRB NT 923, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Leeran Dublin
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas Pritchard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8124, CSRB NT 923, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter O Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8124, CSRB NT 923, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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34
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Dysregulated Network of miRNAs Involved in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:280-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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35
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Chatterji P, Hamilton KE, Liang S, Andres SF, Wijeratne HRS, Mizuno R, Simon LA, Hicks PD, Foley SW, Pitarresi JR, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mah AT, Van Landeghem L, Gregory BD, Lengner CJ, Madison BB, Shah P, Rustgi AK. The LIN28B-IMP1 post-transcriptional regulon has opposing effects on oncogenic signaling in the intestine. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1020-1034. [PMID: 30068703 PMCID: PMC6075153 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314369.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are expressed broadly during both development and malignant transformation, yet their mechanistic roles in epithelial homeostasis or as drivers of tumor initiation and progression are incompletely understood. Here we describe a novel interplay between RBPs LIN28B and IMP1 in intestinal epithelial cells. Ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing identified IMP1 as a principle node for gene expression regulation downstream from LIN28B In vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that epithelial IMP1 loss increases expression of WNT target genes and enhances LIN28B-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis, which was reversed when we overexpressed IMP1 independently in vivo. Furthermore, IMP1 loss in wild-type or LIN28B-overexpressing mice enhances the regenerative response to irradiation. Together, our data provide new evidence for the opposing effects of the LIN28B-IMP1 axis on post-transcriptional regulation of canonical WNT signaling, with implications in intestinal homeostasis, regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chatterji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Shun Liang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - H R Sagara Wijeratne
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Lauren A Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Philip D Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Premal Shah
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, USA
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36
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The Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Potential of Let-7 MicroRNAs against Colorectal Cancer. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5769591. [PMID: 30018946 PMCID: PMC6029494 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5769591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of studies have revealed the underlying mechanisms which regulate the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), we have not completely overcome this disease yet. Accumulating evidence has shown that the posttranscriptional regulation by the noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs plays an important role in the development or progression of CRC. Among a number of microRNAs, the let-7 microRNA family that was first discovered in C. elegans and conserved from worms to humans has been linked with the development of many types of cancers including CRC. The expression level of let-7 microRNAs is temporally low during the normal developmental processes, while elevated in the differentiated tissues. The let-7 microRNAs regulate the cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, and stemness. In CRC, expressions of let-7 microRNAs have been reported to be reduced, and so let-7 microRNAs are considered to be a tumor suppressor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms regulating the let-7 microRNA expression and the downstream targets of let-7 in the context of intestinal tumorigenesis. The application of let-7 mimics is also highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent.
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37
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Jiang J, Liu HL, Tao L, Lin XY, Yang YD, Tan SW, Wu B. Let‑7d inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation through the CST1/p65 pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:781-790. [PMID: 29845224 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin SN (cystatin 1, CST1) is a member of the cystatin superfamily which inhibits the proteolytic activity of cysteine proteases. CST1 is a tumor biomarker that provides useful information for the diagnosis of esophageal, gastric and colorectal carcinomas. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play an important role in tumor cell proliferation. However, the exact role of let‑7d and CST1 in colon cancer remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess whether let‑7d inhibits colorectal carcinogenesis through the CST1/p65 pathway, and determine whether it may be used as a potential target for clinical therapy. Microarray analysis of mRNAs extracted from colon cancer and normal tissues was performed. The results of gene expression microanalysis revealed that CST1 expression was upregulated in colon cancer compared with normal tissues. In addition, the upregulation of CST1 expression and the downregulation of let‑7d expression in patients with colon cancer and in several colorectal cancer cell lines were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. In addition, siRNA targeting CST1 (CST1‑siRNA) and let‑7d-mimics were used in the HCT116 cells, and the results revealed that CST1 and let‑7d played a role in colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Let‑7d inhibited colorectal carcinogenesis through the CST1/p65 pathway. Thus, the findings of the present study indicate that CST1 may be a potential target for the future clinical therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Yi Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Dong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Si-Wei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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38
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Chatterji P, Rustgi AK. RNA Binding Proteins in Intestinal Epithelial Biology and Colorectal Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:490-506. [PMID: 29627433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is highly proliferative and consists of crypt invaginations that house stem cells and villus projections with differentiated cells. There exists a dynamic equilibrium between proliferation, migration, differentiation, and senescence that is regulated by several factors. Among these are RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that bind their targets in a both context dependent and independent manner. RBP-RNA complexes act as rheostats by regulating expression of RNAs both co- and post-transcriptionally. This is important, especially in response to intestinal injury, to fuel regeneration. The manner in which these RBPs function in the intestine and their interactions with other pivotal pathways in colorectal cancer may provide a framework for new insights and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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39
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Resar L, Chia L, Xian L. Lessons from the Crypt: HMGA1-Amping up Wnt for Stem Cells and Tumor Progression. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1890-1897. [PMID: 29618461 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin remodeling proteins are enriched in aggressive cancers and stem cells, although their common function in these settings has remained elusive until now. Recent work in murine intestinal stem cells (ISC) revealed a novel role for Hmga1 in enhancing self-renewal by amplifying Wnt signaling, both by inducing genes expressing Wnt agonist receptors and Wnt effectors. Surprisingly, Hmga1 also "builds" a stem cell niche by upregulating Sox9, a factor required for differentiation to Paneth cells; these cells constitute an epithelial niche by secreting Wnt and other factors to support ISCs. HMGA1 is also highly upregulated in colon cancer compared with nonmalignant epithelium and SOX9 becomes overexpressed during colon carcinogenesis. Intriguingly, HMGA1 is overexpressed in diverse cancers with poor outcomes, where it regulates developmental genes. Similarly, HMGA1 induces genes responsible for pluripotency and self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. These findings demonstrate that HMGA1 maintains Wnt and other developmental transcriptional networks and suggest that HMGA1 overexpression fosters carcinogenesis and tumor progression through dysregulation of these pathways. Studies are now needed to determine more precisely how HMGA1 modulates chromatin structure to amplify developmental genes and how to disrupt this process in cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 78(8); 1890-7. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Resar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Departments of Oncology, Pathology and Institute of Cellular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lionel Chia
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lingling Xian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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40
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Andres SF, Williams KN, Rustgi AK. The Molecular Basis of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2018; 14:69-79. [PMID: 30237756 PMCID: PMC6141197 DOI: 10.1007/s11888-018-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a vexing clinical problem. In contrast to early stage disease, once CRC metastasizes to other organs, long-term survival is compromised. We seek to review the molecular pathogenesis, animal models, and functional genomics for an enhanced understanding of how CRC metastasizes and how this can be exploited therapeutically. RECENT FINDINGS Mouse models may recapitulate certain aspects of metastatic human CRC and allow for studies to identify regulators of metastasis. Modulation of transcription factors, onco-proteins, or tumor suppressors have been identified to activate known metastatic pathways. CD44 variants, microRNAs and RNA binding proteins are emerging as metastatic modulators. SUMMARY CRC metastasis is a multi-faceted and heterogeneous disease. Despite common pathways contributing to metastatic development, there are numerous variables that modulate metastatic signals in subsets of patients. It is paramount that studies continue to investigate metastatic drivers, enhancers and inhibitors in CRC to develop therapeutic targets and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathy N Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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41
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Zhao W, Geng D, Li S, Chen Z, Sun M. LncRNA HOTAIR influences cell growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis via the miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:842-855. [PMID: 29473328 PMCID: PMC5852357 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the regulatory effect of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis on breast cancer (BC) cell growth, cell mobility, invasiveness, and apoptosis. The microarray data of lncRNAs and mRNAs with differential expression in BC tissues were analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (lncRNA HOTAIR) expression in BC was assessed by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was confirmed using MTT and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cell mobility and invasiveness were testified by transwell assay. RNA pull-down and dual luciferase assay were used for analysis of the correlation between lncRNA HOTAIR and miR-20a-5p, as well as relationship of miR-20a-5p with high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). Tumor xenograft study was applied to confirm the correlation of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis on BC development in vivo. The expression levels of the lncRNA HOTAIR were upregulated in BC tissues and cells. Knockdown lncRNA HOTAIR inhibited cell propagation and metastasis and facilitated cell apoptosis. MiR-20a-5p was a target of lncRNA HOTAIR and had a negative correlation with lncRNA HOTAIR. MiR-20a-5p overexpression in BC suppressed cell growth, mobility, and invasiveness and facilitated apoptosis. HMGA2 was a target of miR-20a-5p, which significantly induced carcinogenesis of BC. BC cells progression was mediated by lncRNA HOTAIR via affecting miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 in vivo. LncRNA HOTAIR affected cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis via the miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Donghua Geng
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Zhaofu Chen
- Department of UrologyShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of UrologyShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
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42
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Jiang W, Finniss S, Cazacu S, Xiang C, Brodie Z, Mikkelsen T, Poisson L, Shackelford DB, Brodie C. Repurposing phenformin for the targeting of glioma stem cells and the treatment of glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56456-56470. [PMID: 27486821 PMCID: PMC5302927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Here, we studied the effects of phenformin, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor and more potent chemical analog of the diabetes drug metformin on the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis of glioma stem cells (GSCs) using both in vitro and in vivo models. Phenformin inhibited the self-renewal of GSCs, decreased the expression of stemness and mesenchymal markers and increased the expression of miR-124, 137 and let-7. Silencing of let-7 abrogated phenformin effects on the self-renewal of GSCs via a pathway associated with inhibition of H19 and HMGA2 expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that phenformin inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the overall survival of mice orthotopically transplanted with GSCs. Combined treatments of phenformin and temozolomide exerted an increased antitumor effect on GSCs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, dichloroacetate, an inhibitor of the glycolysis enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, that decreases lactic acidosis induced by biguanides, enhanced phenformin effects on the induction of cell death in GSCs and prolonged the survival of xenograft-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that phenformin targets GSCs and can be efficiently combined with current therapies for GBM treatment and GSC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan Finniss
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Simona Cazacu
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cunli Xiang
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ziv Brodie
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David B Shackelford
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaya Brodie
- Davidson Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Hermelin Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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43
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Mizuno R, Chatterji P, Andres S, Hamilton K, Simon L, Foley SW, Jeganathan A, Gregory BD, Madison B, Rustgi AK. Differential Regulation of LET-7 by LIN28B Isoform-Specific Functions. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:403-416. [PMID: 29330293 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein LIN28B plays an important role in development, stem cell biology, and tumorigenesis. LIN28B has two isoforms: the LIN28B-long and -short isoforms. Although studies have revealed the functions of the LIN28B-long isoform in tumorigenesis, the role of the LIN28B-short isoform remains unclear and represents a major gap in the field. The LIN28B-long and -short isoforms are expressed in a subset of human colorectal cancers and adjacent normal colonic mucosa, respectively. To elucidate the functional and mechanistic aspects of these isoforms, colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2 and LoVo) were generated to either express no LIN28B or the -short or -long isoform. Interestingly, the long isoform suppressed LET-7 expression and activated canonical RAS/ERK signaling, whereas the short isoform did not. The LIN28B-long isoform-expressing cells demonstrated increased drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin through the upregulation of ERCC1, a DNA repair gene, in a LET-7-dependent manner. The LIN28B-short isoform preserved its ability to bind pre-let-7, without inhibiting the maturation of LET-7, and competed with the LIN28B-long isoform for binding to pre-let-7 Coexpression of the short isoform in the LIN28B-long isoform-expressing cells rescued the phenotypes induced by the LIN28B-long isoform.Implications: This study demonstrates the differential antagonistic functions of the LIN28B-short isoform against the LIN28B-long isoform through an inability to degrade LET-7, which leads to the novel premise that the short isoform may serve to counterbalance the long isoform during normal colonic epithelial homeostasis, but its downregulation during colonic carcinogenesis may reveal the protumorigenic effects of the long isoform. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 403-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Andres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn W Foley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Arjun Jeganathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blair Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hopkins BL, Nadler M, Skoko JJ, Bertomeu T, Pelosi A, Shafaei PM, Levine K, Schempf A, Pennarun B, Yang B, Datta D, Bucur O, Ndebele K, Oesterreich S, Yang D, Giulia Rizzo M, Khosravi-Far R, Neumann CA. A Peroxidase Peroxiredoxin 1-Specific Redox Regulation of the Novel FOXO3 microRNA Target let-7. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:62-77. [PMID: 28398822 PMCID: PMC5695745 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Precision in redox signaling is attained through posttranslational protein modifications such as oxidation of protein thiols. The peroxidase peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) regulates signal transduction through changes in thiol oxidation of its cysteines. We demonstrate here that PRDX1 is a binding partner for the tumor suppressive transcription factor FOXO3 that directly regulates the FOXO3 stress response. Heightened oxidative stress evokes formation of disulfide-bound heterotrimers linking dimeric PRDX1 to monomeric FOXO3. Absence of PRDX1 enhances FOXO3 nuclear localization and transcription that are dependent on the presence of Cys31 or Cys150 within FOXO3. Notably, FOXO3-T32 phosphorylation is constitutively enhanced in these mutants, but nuclear translocation of mutant FOXO3 is restored with PI3K inhibition. Here we show that on H2O2 exposure, transcription of tumor suppressive miRNAs let-7b and let-7c is regulated by FOXO3 or PRDX1 expression levels and that let-7c is a novel target for FOXO3. Conjointly, inhibition of let-7 microRNAs increases let-7-phenotypes in PRDX1-deficient breast cancer cells. Altogether, these data ascertain the existence of an H2O2-sensitive PRDX1-FOXO3 signaling axis that fine tunes FOXO3 activity toward the transcription of gene targets in response to oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 62-77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Hopkins
- 1 Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Nadler
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Skoko
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thierry Bertomeu
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- 4 Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Parisa Mousavi Shafaei
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin Levine
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anja Schempf
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bodvael Pennarun
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Yang
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipak Datta
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Octavian Bucur
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Da Yang
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Giulia Rizzo
- 4 Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Roya Khosravi-Far
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carola A Neumann
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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45
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Strubberg AM, Madison BB. MicroRNAs in the etiology of colorectal cancer: pathways and clinical implications. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:197-214. [PMID: 28250048 PMCID: PMC5374322 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs that repress mRNA translation
and trigger mRNA degradation. Of the ∼1900 miRNA-encoding genes present
in the human genome, ∼250 miRNAs are reported to have changes in
abundance or altered functions in colorectal cancer. Thousands of studies have
documented aberrant miRNA levels in colorectal cancer, with some miRNAs reported
to actively regulate tumorigenesis. A recurrent phenomenon with miRNAs is their
frequent participation in feedback loops, which probably serve to reinforce or
magnify biological outcomes to manifest a particular cellular phenotype. Here,
we review the roles of oncogenic miRNAs (oncomiRs), tumor suppressive miRNAs
(anti-oncomiRs) and miRNA regulators in colorectal cancer. Given their stability
in patient-derived samples and ease of detection with standard and novel
techniques, we also discuss the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the
diagnosis of colorectal cancer and as prognostic indicators of this disease.
MiRNAs also represent attractive candidates for targeted therapies because their
function can be manipulated through the use of synthetic antagonists and miRNA
mimics. Summary: This Review provides an overview of some important
microRNAs and their roles in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Strubberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Blair B Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Xiao G, Zhang B, Meng J, Wang J, Xu C, Tang SC, Li X, Zhang J, Liang R, Ren H, Sun X. miR-367 stimulates Wnt cascade activation through degrading FBXW7 in NSCLC stem cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2374-2385. [PMID: 28949784 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinoma tops the categories of cancer related motility, and has been treated as the main threat to human health. The functions and related mechanism of FBXW7 controlled lung cancer stem cells' signatures is barely unknown, and the miR-367 regulations of FBXW7 via Wnt signaling have not been explored. Cancer stem cells of either ALDH1+ or CD133+ phenotype were found to be referred to advanced stages in patients with NSCLC (non-small cell lung carcinoma). To study the roles of miR-367, we found greater miR-367 level or FBXW7 level was reserved in NSCLC than that of paired adjacent normal tissues, and their upregulations were positively correlated with Wnt signaling activation. On the contrary, increased miR-367 was correlated with Let-7 repression. MiR-367 was related to stronger sphere forming ability in stem cells of NSCLC. We then explored the functions of the endogenous miR-367 in stem-like cells isolated from NSCLC cell lines. In HEK-293 cells, we identified FBXW7 as the direct downstream gene of miR-367, which consequently released the LIN-28 dependent inhibition of suppressive Let-7. Through informatics analysis, miR-367 was predicated to function through Wnt signaling, and decreased Let-7 played the pivotal role to maintain TCF-4/Wnt pathway activity. The reintroduction of FBXW7 abolished the oncogenic stimulation of miR-367 on TCF-4 activity, with Wnt signaling factors depression. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the oncogenic roles of miR-367 exerting on the self-renewal ability of cancer stem-like cells through degrading the suppressive FBXW7, eventually helping to maintain Wnt signaling activation through a LIN28B/Let-7 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xiao
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Jinying Meng
- b Department of Surgery Oncology , The First People's Hospital of Xianyang City , Xianyang, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Jichang Wang
- c Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- d Department of Otorhinolaryngology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- e Solid Tumor Clinical Trials , Georgia Cancer Center , Medical College of Georgia , Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , United States.,f Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin City, Tianjin , China
| | - Xiang Li
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Rui Liang
- g Department of Hepatobiliary Chest Surgery , Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Hong Ren
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
| | - Xin Sun
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery , Cancer Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi Province , China
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47
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Xu Q, Tong JL, Zhang CP, Xiao Q, Lin XL, Xiao XY. miR-27a induced by colon cancer cells in HLECs promotes lymphangiogenesis by targeting SMAD4. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186718. [PMID: 29065177 PMCID: PMC5655427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Metastasis of tumor cells occurs through lymphatic vessels, blood vessels and transcoelomic spreading. Growing evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies has indicated that tumor lymphangiogenesis facilitates metastasis. However, the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in colon cancer remains unclear. The aims of this study were to identify key miRNAs in colon cancer lymphangiogenesis and to investigate its target and mechanism. Methods miRNA microarray analysis was conducted to identify miRNAs in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) that were regulated by co-cultured human colon cancer cells. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to determine the function of miR-27a, a top hint, on lymphangiogenesis and migration in HLECs. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation were performed to identify miR-27a target genes in lymphangiogenesis. Results We found that expression of miR-27a in HLECs was induced by co-culturing with colon cancer cells. Over-expression of miR-27a in HLECs enhanced lymphatic tube formation and migration, whereas inhibition of miR-27a reduced lymphatic tube formation and migration. Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-27a directly targeted SMAD4, a pivotal component of the TGF-β pathway. In addition, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that SMAD4 negatively regulated the length of lymphatic vessels formed by HLECs and migration. Conclusions Our data indicated that colon cancer cell induced the expression of miR-27a in HLECs, which promoted lymphangiogenesis by targeting SMAD4. Our finding implicated miR-27a as a potential target for new anticancer therapies in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Lu Tong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Peng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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48
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Gao X, Dai M, Li Q, Wang Z, Lu Y, Song Z. HMGA2 regulates lung cancer proliferation and metastasis. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:501-510. [PMID: 28752530 PMCID: PMC5582513 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the effects of HMGA2 on cell proliferation and metastases in lung cancer and its underlying mechanism. METHODS HMGA2 expression in lung cancer tissues and its association with overall survival were analyzed based on data from a public database. The roles of HMGA2 were validated via loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments in vitro. HMGA2 regulation by microRNA-195 (miR-195) was validated by real time-PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS HMGA2 was upregulated and associated with reduced overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. HMGA2 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and motility of H1299 cells, while HMGA2 ectopic expression in A549 cells increased cell proliferation and migration. HMGA2 affected cell apoptosis through caspase 3/9 and Bcl-2, and regulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by targeting Twist 1. Moreover, miR-195 was found to directly target the 3' untranslated region of HMGA2 messenger RNA and suppress its expression in lung cancer. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HMGA2, regulated by miR-195, played important roles in proliferation, metastases, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer. HMGA2 might serve as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Dai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yonglin Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zeqing Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Smith RJ, Rao-Bhatia A, Kim TH. Signaling and epigenetic mechanisms of intestinal stem cells and progenitors: insight into crypt homeostasis, plasticity, and niches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28644919 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid turnover of intestinal epithelial cells is maintained by a small number of stem cells located in pocket-like gland structures called crypts. While our understanding of the identity and function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) has rapidly progressed, epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in crypt stem cell and progenitor pools remains an active field of investigation. Surrounded by various types of cells in the stroma, crypt progenitors display high levels of plasticity, harboring the ability to interconvert in the face of epithelial damage. Recent studies analyzing epigenetic patterns of intestinal epithelial cells have provided evidence that plasticity is maintained by a broadly permissive epigenomic state, wherein cell-lineage specification is directed through activation of signaling pathways and transcription factor (TF) expression. New studies also have shown that the ISC niche, which is comprised of surrounding epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, plays a crucial role in supporting the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells by providing contextual information in the form of signaling cascades, such as Wnt, Notch, and Hippo. These cascades ultimately govern TF expression to promote early cell-lineage decisions in both crypt stem cells and progenitors. Highlighting recent studies investigating signaling, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms of intestinal epithelial cells, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying crypt homeostasis, plasticity, and niches. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e281. doi: 10.1002/wdev.281 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Smith
- Program of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abilasha Rao-Bhatia
- Program of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Strell C, Norberg KJ, Mezheyeuski A, Schnittert J, Kuninty PR, Moro CF, Paulsson J, Schultz NA, Calatayud D, Löhr JM, Frings O, Verbeke CS, Heuchel RL, Prakash J, Johansen JS, Östman A. Stroma-regulated HMGA2 is an independent prognostic marker in PDAC and AAC. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:65-77. [PMID: 28524160 PMCID: PMC5520204 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The HMGA2 protein has experimentally been linked to EMT and cancer stemness. Recent studies imply that tumour–stroma interactions regulate these features and thereby contribute to tumour aggressiveness. Methods: We analysed 253 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 155 cases of ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC) for HMGA2 expression by IHC. The data were correlated with stroma abundance and supplemented by experimental studies. Results: HMGA2 acts as an independent prognostic marker associated with a significantly shorter overall survival in both tumour types. Overall, HMGA2-positivity was more frequent in patients with PDAC than with AAC. The HMGA2 status in tumour cells significantly correlated with the abundance of PDGFRβ-defined stroma cells. In vivo co-injection of Panc-1 cancer cells with pancreatic stellate cells increased tumour growth in a manner associated with increased HMGA2 expression. Furthermore, in vitro treatment of Panc-1 with conditioned media from PDGF-BB-activated stellate cells increased their ability to form tumour spheroids. Conclusions: This study identifies HMGA2 expression in tumour cells as an independent prognostic marker in PDAC and AAC. Correlative data analysis gives novel tissue-based evidence for a heterotypic cross-talk with stroma cells as a possible mechanism for HMGA2 induction, which is further supported by experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Karin Jessica Norberg
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Artur Mezheyeuski
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jonas Schnittert
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Zuidhorst building, ZH254, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Praneeth R Kuninty
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Zuidhorst building, ZH254, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LabMed) Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14186, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Janna Paulsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Nicolai Aagaard Schultz
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Dan Calatayud
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Johannes Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Oliver Frings
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Caroline Sophie Verbeke
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4956 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Rainer Lothar Heuchel
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Zuidhorst building, ZH254, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Sidenius Johansen
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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