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Lopez E, Shattock RJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. The Multifaceted Nature of Immunoglobulin A and Its Complex Role in HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:727-738. [PMID: 30056749 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosal secretions, and understanding the role of IgA in both protection from HIV acquisition and modulation of HIV disease progression is a field of considerable controversy and renewed research interest. Analysis of the RV144 clinical trial associated plasma HIV envelope-specific monomeric IgA from vaccines with reduced vaccine efficacy. The RV144 trial, however, only assessed for plasma IgA, which was not further subclassed, and the role of mucosal IgA was not addressed as mucosal samples were not collected. On the other hand, several studies have detected envelope-specific IgA in mucosal secretions of highly exposed persistently seronegative cohorts, while recent macaque simian-HIV passive immunization studies have suggested a potentially protective role for mucosal IgA. It is well established that total IgA in serum appears to correlate with HIV disease progression. In contrast, a selective deficit of anti-HIV IgA responses in HIV infection is apparent, with a number of recent studies beginning to elucidate the mechanisms behind these dysfunctional IgA responses. In this review, we highlight the dichotomy that exists in the literature as to whether anti-HIV IgA is protective or harmful to the host. Herein, we emphasize the importance of distinguishing between monomeric, multimeric, and isoforms of IgA and review what is known about the complex and diverse interactions of various molecular forms of IgA with HIV in both the systemic circulation and mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Abdel Aziz RL, Abdel-Wahab A, Abo El-Ela FI, Hassan NEHY, El-Nahass ES, Ibrahim MA, Khalil ATAY. Dose- dependent ameliorative effects of quercetin and l-Carnitine against atrazine- induced reproductive toxicity in adult male Albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:855-864. [PMID: 29710542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the protective effects of co-administration of Quercetin (QT) or l-Carnitine (LC) against the oxidative stress induced by Atrazine (ATZ) in the reproductive system of intact male Albino rats. 36 rats were divided equally into 6 groups. Rats in the control negative "CNT" group received 1.5 ml distilled water for 21 days. All rats in the other groups received ATZ (120 mg/kg bw) through gavage. Groups 3 and 4 were co-administered with either low or high dose of QT (10 "ATZLQT" and 50 "ATZHQT" mg/kg bw, respectively). Groups 5 and 6 were co-administered with either low or high dose of LC (200 "ATZLLC" and 400 "ATZHLC" mg/kg bw, respectively). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and all samples were collected. ATZ significantly increased serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Also, ATZ increased significantly the sperm cell abnormalities and reduced both testicular IgA and serum testosterone levels. Testicular DNA laddering % and CYP17A1 mRNA expression were significantly reduced in ATZ group. Interestingly, co-administration with low dose QT or different doses of LC succeeded to counteract the negative toxic effects of ATZ on serum oxidative stress indicators, serum testosterone levels, testicular IgA level and improved testicular CYP17A1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, QT in low dose and LC in both low and high doses exerted a significant protective action against the reproductive toxicity of ATZ, while higher dose of QT failed induce immune-stimulant effect against ATZ in adult male Albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie L Abdel Aziz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Nour El-Houda Y Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Tawab A Y Khalil
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Humoral responses against HIV in male genital tract: role in sexual transmission and perspectives for preventive strategies. AIDS 2017; 31:1055-1064. [PMID: 28323750 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
: Most new HIV infections occur via sexual routes. The induction of protective anti-HIV antibodies in genital mucosa is an important step toward reducing HIV transmission. Mucosal anti-HIV antibodies may play a dual role by either protecting against HIV transmission or facilitating it. Protective properties against HIV of mucosal IgGs and IgAs exhibiting neutralizing or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activities have been described in highly exposed seronegative individuals. Conversely, some IgGs may facilitate the crossing of HIV free-particles through epithelial barriers by transcytosis. Hence knowledge of the mechanisms underlying anti-HIV antibody production in the genital tract and their exact role in sexual transmission may help to develop appropriate preventive strategies based on passive immunization or mucosal vaccination approaches. Our review focuses on the characteristics of the humoral immune responses against HIV in the male genital tract and related prevention strategies.
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Mkhize NN, Durgiah R, Ashley V, Archary D, Garrett NJ, Karim QA, Karim SSA, Moore PL, Yates N, Passmore JAS, Tomaras GD, Morris L. Broadly neutralizing antibody specificities detected in the genital tract of HIV-1 infected women. AIDS 2016; 30:1005-14. [PMID: 26836790 PMCID: PMC4816677 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting conserved epitopes on the HIV envelope glycoprotein have been identified in blood from HIV-1 infected women. We investigated whether antibodies in the genital tract from these women share similar epitope specificities and functional profiles as those in blood. METHODS Immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies were isolated from cervicovaginal lavages or Softcups from 13 HIV-infected women in the CAPRISA cohort using Protein G and Peptide M, respectively. Binding antibodies to envelope antigens were quantified by ELISA and binding antibody multiplex assay. Neutralizing antibody titers and epitope targets were measured using the TZM-bl assay with Env-pseudotyped wild-type and mutated viruses. RESULTS HIV-specific IgG, but not IgA, was detected in genital secretions and the ratio of total IgG to HIV-specific IgG was similar to plasma. HIV-specific IgG reacted with multiple envelope antigens, including V1V2, gp120, gp140 and gp41. Two women had high plasma titers of HIV-specific IgG3 which was also detected in their genital tract samples. IgG from the genital tract had neutralizing activity against both Tier 1 and Tier 2 primary HIV-isolates. Antibodies targeting well known glycan epitopes and the membrane proximal region of gp41 were detected in genital secretions, and matched specificities in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Women with plasma bNAbs have overlapping specificities in their genital secretions, indicating that these predominantly IgG isotype antibodies may transudate from blood to the genital tract. These data provide evidence that induction of systemic HIV-specific bNAbs can lead to antiviral immunity at the portal of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raveshni Durgiah
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vicki Ashley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nigel J. Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nicole Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Jo-Ann S. Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Tuero I, Robert-Guroff M. Challenges in mucosal HIV vaccine development: lessons from non-human primate models. Viruses 2014; 6:3129-58. [PMID: 25196380 PMCID: PMC4147690 DOI: 10.3390/v6083129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb the AIDS pandemic. The modest protection elicited in the phase III clinical vaccine trial in Thailand provided hope that this goal might be achieved. However, new approaches are necessary for further advances. As HIV is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, development of immunity at these sites is critical, but few clinical vaccine trials have targeted these sites or assessed vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in non-human primate models have facilitated progress in mucosal vaccine development by evaluating candidate vaccine approaches, developing methodologies for collecting and assessing mucosal samples, and providing clues to immune correlates of protective immunity for further investigation. In this review we have focused on non-human primate studies which have provided important information for future design of vaccine strategies, targeting of mucosal inductive sites, and assessment of mucosal immunity. Knowledge gained in these studies will inform mucosal vaccine design and evaluation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskra Tuero
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Seaton KE, Ballweber L, Lan A, Donathan M, Hughes S, Vojtech L, Moody MA, Liao HX, Haynes BF, Galloway CG, Richardson BA, Karim SA, Dezzutti CS, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Hladik F. HIV-1 specific IgA detected in vaginal secretions of HIV uninfected women participating in a microbicide trial in Southern Africa are primarily directed toward gp120 and gp140 specificities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101863. [PMID: 25054205 PMCID: PMC4108330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many participants in microbicide trials remain uninfected despite ongoing exposure to HIV-1. Determining the emergence and nature of mucosal HIV-specific immune responses in such women is important, since these responses may contribute to protection and could provide insight for the rational design of HIV-1 vaccines. Methods and Findings We first conducted a pilot study to compare three sampling devices (Dacron swabs, flocked nylon swabs and Merocel sponges) for detection of HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in vaginal secretions. IgG antibodies from HIV-1-positive women reacted broadly across the full panel of eight HIV-1 envelope (Env) antigens tested, whereas IgA antibodies only reacted to the gp41 subunit. No Env-reactive antibodies were detected in the HIV-negative women. The three sampling devices yielded equal HIV-1-specific antibody titers, as well as total IgG and IgA concentrations. We then tested vaginal Dacron swabs archived from 57 HIV seronegative women who participated in a microbicide efficacy trial in Southern Africa (HPTN 035). We detected vaginal IgA antibodies directed at HIV-1 Env gp120/gp140 in six of these women, and at gp41 in another three women, but did not detect Env-specific IgG antibodies in any women. Conclusion Vaginal secretions of HIV-1 infected women contained IgG reactivity to a broad range of Env antigens and IgA reactivity to gp41. In contrast, Env-binding antibodies in the vaginal secretions of HIV-1 uninfected women participating in the microbicide trial were restricted to the IgA subtype and were mostly directed at HIV-1 gp120/gp140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lamar Ballweber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Audrey Lan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michele Donathan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine G. Galloway
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- CAPRISA - Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charlene S. Dezzutti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GDT); (FH)
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GDT); (FH)
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Lopalco L, Bomsel M. Protecting the initial site of viral entry: an alternative HIV vaccine target. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1253-6. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A nonparametric procedure for defining a new humoral immunologic profile in a pilot study on HIV infected patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58768. [PMID: 23533590 PMCID: PMC3606389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at identifying a set of humoral immunologic parameters that improve prediction of the activation process in HIV patients. Starting from the well-known impact of humoral immunity in HIV infection, there is still a lack of knowledge in defining the role of the modulation of functional activity and titers of serum antibodies from early stage of infection to the development of AIDS. We propose an integrated approach that combines humoral and clinical parameters in defining the host immunity, implementing algorithms associated with virus control. A number of humoral parameters were simultaneously evaluated in a whole range of serum samples from HIV-positive patients. This issue has been afforded accounting for estimation problems typically related to "feasibility" studies where small sample size in each group and large number of parameters are jointly estimated. We used nonparametric statistical procedures to identify biomarkers in our study which included 42 subjects stratified on five different stages of HIV infection, i.e., Elite Controllers (EC), Long Term Non Progressors (LTNP), HAART, AIDS and Acute Infection (AI). The main goal of the paper is to illustrate a novel profiling method for helping to design a further confirmatory study. A set of seventeen different HIV-specific blood humoral factors were analyzed in all subjects, i.e. IgG and IgA to gp120IIIB, to gp120Bal, to whole gp41, to P1 and T20 gp41 epitopes of the MPER-HR2 region, to QARILAV gp41 epitope of the HR1 region and to CCR5; neutralization activity against five different virus strains and ADCC were also evaluated. Patients were selected on the basis of CD4 cell counts, HIV/RNA and clinical status. The Classification and Regression Trees (CART) approach has been used to uncover specific patterns of humoral parameters in different stages of HIV disease. Virus neutralization of primary virus strains and antibodies to gp41 were required to classify patients, suggesting that clinical profiles strongly rely on functional activity against HIV.
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Leroux-Roels G, Maes C, Clement F, van Engelenburg F, van den Dobbelsteen M, Adler M, Amacker M, Lopalco L, Bomsel M, Chalifour A, Fleury S. Randomized Phase I: Safety, Immunogenicity and Mucosal Antiviral Activity in Young Healthy Women Vaccinated with HIV-1 Gp41 P1 Peptide on Virosomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55438. [PMID: 23437055 PMCID: PMC3577797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mucosal antibodies harboring various antiviral activities may best protect mucosal surfaces against early HIV-1 entry at mucosal sites and they should be ideally induced by prophylactic HIV-1 vaccines for optimal prevention of sexually transmitted HIV-1. A phase I, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in twenty-four healthy HIV-uninfected young women. The study objectives were to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of virosomes harboring surface HIV-1 gp41-derived P1 lipidated peptides (MYM-V101). Participants received placebo or MYM-V101 vaccine at 10 μg/dose or 50 μg/dose intramuscularly at week 0 and 8, and intranasally at week 16 and 24. MYM-V101 was safe and well-tolerated at both doses administered by the intramuscular and intranasal routes, with the majority of subjects remaining free of local and general symptoms. P1-specific serum IgGs and IgAs were induced in all high dose recipients after the first injection. After the last vaccination, vaginal and rectal P1-specific IgGs could be detected in all high dose recipients. Approximately 63% and 43% of the low and high dose recipients were respectively tested positive for vaginal P1-IgAs, while 29% of the subjects from the high dose group tested positive for rectal IgAs. Serum samples had total specific IgG and IgA antibody concentrations ≥ 0.4 μg/mL, while mucosal samples were usually below 0.01 μg/mL. Vaginal secretions from MYM-V101 vaccinated subjects were inhibiting HIV-1 transcytosis but had no detectable neutralizing activity. P1-specific Th1 responses could not be detected on PBMC. This study demonstrates the excellent safety and tolerability of MYM-V101, eliciting systemic and mucosal antibodies in the majority of subjects. Vaccine-induced mucosal anti-gp41 antibodies toward conserved gp41 motifs were harboring HIV-1 transcytosis inhibition activity and may contribute to reduce sexually-transmitted HIV-1. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01084343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cathy Maes
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Clement
- Center for Vaccinology (CEVAC), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Lopalco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Cell Biology and Host Pathogen Interactions Department, Cochin Institute, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- INSERM U1016, Paris, France
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Spetz AL, Chiodi F. Reduction of HIV-1 load in semen during follow-up study of RV144 vaccine trial boosts interest for novel correlates of immune protection in genital mucosa. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:1189-92. [PMID: 22829649 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Immunization with HIV-1 gp41 subunit virosomes induces mucosal antibodies protecting nonhuman primates against vaginal SHIV challenges. Immunity 2011; 34:269-80. [PMID: 21315623 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is mainly transmitted mucosally during sexual intercourse. We therefore evaluated the protective efficacy of a vaccine active at mucosal sites. Macaca mulatta monkeys were immunized via both the intramuscular and intranasal routes with an HIV-1 vaccine made of gp41-subunit antigens grafted on virosomes, a safe delivery carrier approved in humans with self-adjuvant properties. Six months after 13 vaginal challenges with simian-HIV (SHIV)-SF162P3, four out of five vaccinated animals remained virus-negative, and the fifth was only transiently infected. None of the five animals seroconverted to p27gag-SIV. In contrast, all 6 placebo-vaccinated animals became infected and seroconverted. All protected animals showed gp41-specific vaginal IgAs with HIV-1 transcytosis-blocking properties and vaginal IgGs with neutralizing and/or antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity activities. In contrast, plasma IgGs totally lacked virus-neutralizing activity. The protection observed challenges the paradigm whereby circulating antiviral antibodies are required for protection against HIV-1 infection and may serve in designing a human vaccine against HIV-1-AIDS.
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