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Chen Y, Wu W, Wang P, Yip P, Wu Y, Lin Y, Lin W. Novel five nucleotide deletion in dysferlin leads to autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15887. [PMID: 38110300 PMCID: PMC10727958 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a type of MD that mainly causes muscle atrophy within the shoulder and pelvic girdles. LGMD is classified into autosomal dominant (LGMD-D) and autosomal recessive (LGMD-R) inheritance patterns. Mutations in the Dysferlin gene (DYSF) are common causes of LGMD-R. However, genetic screening of DYSF mutations is rare in Taiwan. Herein, we identified a novel c.2867_2871del ACCAG deletion and a previously reported c.937+1G>A mutation in DYSF from a Taiwanese family with LGMD. The primary symptoms of both siblings were difficulty climbing stairs, walking on the toes, and gradually worsening weakness in the proximal muscles and increased creatine kinase level. Through pedigree analysis and sequencing, two siblings from this family were found to have compound heterozygous DYSF mutations (c. 937+1G>A and c. 2867_2871del ACCAG) within the separated alleles. These mutations induced early stop codons; if translated, truncated DYSF proteins will be expressed. Or, the mRNA products of these two mutations will merit the nonsense-mediated decay, might result in no dysferlin protein expressed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a novel c.2867_2871del ACCAG deletion in DYSF. Further research is required to examine the effects of the novel DYSF mutation in Taiwanese patients with LGMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Lin Chen
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Tri‐Service General HospitalMedical Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri‐Service General HospitalMedical Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Bin Wu
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Je Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Je Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Ping‐Keung Yip
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Je Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Division of NeurologyCardinal Tien HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yi‐No Wu
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineFu Je Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Ying‐Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical ScienceFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical ScienceFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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2
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Bouchard C, Tremblay JP. Portrait of Dysferlinopathy: Diagnosis and Development of Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6011. [PMID: 37762951 PMCID: PMC10531777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a disease caused by a dysferlin deficiency due to mutations in the DYSF gene. Dysferlin is a membrane protein in the sarcolemma and is involved in different functions, such as membrane repair and vesicle fusion, T-tubule development and maintenance, Ca2+ signalling, and the regulation of various molecules. Miyoshi Myopathy type 1 (MMD1) and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B/R2 (LGMD2B/LGMDR2) are two possible clinical presentations, yet the same mutations can cause both presentations in the same family. They are therefore grouped under the name dysferlinopathy. Onset is typically during the teenage years or young adulthood and is characterized by a loss of Achilles tendon reflexes and difficulty in standing on tiptoes or climbing stairs, followed by a slow progressive loss of strength in limb muscles. The MRI pattern of patient muscles and their biopsies show various fibre sizes, necrotic and regenerative fibres, and fat and connective tissue accumulation. Recent tools were developed for diagnosis and research, especially to evaluate the evolution of the patient condition and to prevent misdiagnosis caused by similarities with polymyositis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The specific characteristic of dysferlinopathy is dysferlin deficiency. Recently, mouse models with patient mutations were developed to study genetic approaches to treat dysferlinopathy. The research fields for dysferlinopathy therapy include symptomatic treatments, as well as antisense-mediated exon skipping, myoblast transplantation, and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bouchard
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
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3
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Winter L, Kustermann M, Ernhofer B, Höger H, Bittner RE, Schmidt WM. Proteins implicated in muscular dystrophy and cancer are functional constituents of the centrosome. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201367. [PMID: 35790299 PMCID: PMC9259872 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the muscular dystrophy-associated proteins dystrophin, utrophin, dysferlin, and calpain-3 localize to the centrosome and that their absence leads to excess centrosomes, compromised nuclear morphology, impaired centrosome orientation, and defective microtubule nucleation. Aberrant expression of dystrophin, utrophin, dysferlin, or calpain-3 was originally identified in muscular dystrophies (MDs). Increasing evidence now indicates that these proteins might act as tumor suppressors in myogenic and non-myogenic cancers. As DNA damage and somatic aneuploidy, hallmarks of cancer, are early pathological signs in MDs, we hypothesized that a common pathway might involve the centrosome. Here, we show that dystrophin, utrophin, dysferlin, and calpain-3 are functional constituents of the centrosome. In myoblasts, lack of any of these proteins caused excess centrosomes, centrosome misorientation, nuclear abnormalities, and impaired microtubule nucleation. In dystrophin double-mutants, these defects were significantly aggravated. Moreover, we demonstrate that also in non-myogenic cells, all four MD-related proteins localize to the centrosome, including the muscle-specific full-length dystrophin isoform. Therefore, MD-related proteins might share a convergent function at the centrosome in addition to their diverse, well-established muscle-specific functions. Thus, our findings support the notion that cancer-like centrosome-related defects underlie MDs and establish a novel concept linking MDs to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Winter
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Kustermann
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Büsra Ernhofer
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Himberg, Austria
| | - Reginald E Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Ivanova A, Smirnikhina S, Lavrov A. Dysferlinopathies: clinical and genetic variability. Clin Genet 2022; 102:465-473. [PMID: 36029111 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases caused by mutations in the DYSF gene encoding the dysferlin protein. Dysferlin is mostly expressed in muscle tissues and is localized in the sarcolemma, where it performs its main function of resealing and maintaining of the integrity of the cell membrane. At least four forms of dysferlinopathies have been described: Miyoshi myopathy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B, distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset, and isolated hyperCKemia. Here we review the clinical features of different forms of dysferlinopathies and attempt to identify genotype-phenotype correlations. Because of the great clinical variability and rarety of the disease and mutations little is known, how different phenotypes develop as a result of different mutations. However missense mutations seem to induce more severe disease than LoF, which is typical for many muscle dystrophies. The role of several specific mutations and possible gene modifiers is also discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ivanova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Lavrov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye 1, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Chernova ON, Chekmareva IA, Mavlikeev MO, Yakovlev IA, Kiyasov AP, Deev RV. Structural and ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscles of dysferlin-deficient mice during postnatal ontogenesis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:359-367. [PMID: 35880824 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of sarcolemma proteins are responsible for muscle fiber repair. Dysferlin encoded by the DYSF gene is one of these proteins. Dysferlin promotes membrane repair in striated muscle fibers (MFs). Mutations in DYSF lead to loss of or decreased dysferlin expression, impaired membrane repair in MF, and its destruction, clinically manifesting as dysferlinopathy. Preclinical studies of cell and gene therapies aimed at restoring impaired muscle regeneration require well-characterized small animal models. Our investigation aimed to distinguish the histopathological features of a mouse strain lacking dysferlin expression (Bla/J strain). Ultrastructural changes in the sarcolemma, mitochondria and contractile apparatus were observed. It was shown that postnatal histogenesis of skeletal muscles in genetically determined dysferlin deficiency is characterized by a higher proportion of necrotic muscle fibers, compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fibers with their subsequent atrophy, and decreases in proliferative activity and the level of myogenic differentiation of myogenic progenitor cells compared to wild-type mice (C57Bl/6).
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Chernova
- Human Morphology Department, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Pathology and Forensic Medicine Department, Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I A Chekmareva
- A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M O Mavlikeev
- Pathology Department, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I A Yakovlev
- Genotarget LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Human Stem Cell Institute PJSC, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A P Kiyasov
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - R V Deev
- Pathology Department, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Human Stem Cell Institute PJSC, Moscow, Russian Federation
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6
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Reactive Changes in Elements of Stromal-Vascular Differons of Dysferlin-Deficient Skeletal Muscles after Procaine Injection. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:677-681. [PMID: 33788118 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study assessed reactivity of stromal-vascular skeletal muscle differons to acute chemical injury. Dysferlin-deficient Bla/J mice and the wild-type С57BL/6 mice were intramuscularly injected with 100 μl of 0.5% procaine solution. The middle segment of gastrocnemius muscle was taken on postsurgery days 2, 4, 10, and 14 for routine histological examination. To evaluate proliferation and vascularization, the paraffin sections were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to α-smooth muscle actin and Ki-67. The connective tissue was stained according to Mallory. The study revealed diminished proliferative activity of stromal-vascular differons and decreased vascular density in muscles of Bla/J mice. Thus, mutations in the DYSF gene coding dysferlin down-regulate the reparation processes in all differons of skeletal muscle.
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7
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Báez-Matus X, Figueroa-Cares C, Gónzalez-Jamett AM, Almarza-Salazar H, Arriagada C, Maldifassi MC, Guerra MJ, Mouly V, Bigot A, Caviedes P, Cárdenas AM. Defects in G-Actin Incorporation into Filaments in Myoblasts Derived from Dysferlinopathy Patients Are Restored by Dysferlin C2 Domains. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010037. [PMID: 31861684 PMCID: PMC6981584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a transmembrane C-2 domain-containing protein involved in vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling in skeletal muscle cells. However, the mechanism by which dysferlin regulates these cellular processes remains unclear. Since actin dynamics is critical for vesicle trafficking and membrane remodeling, we studied the role of dysferlin in Ca2+-induced G-actin incorporation into filaments in four different immortalized myoblast cell lines (DYSF2, DYSF3, AB320, and ER) derived from patients harboring mutations in the dysferlin gene. As compared with immortalized myoblasts obtained from a control subject, dysferlin expression and G-actin incorporation were significantly decreased in myoblasts from dysferlinopathy patients. Stable knockdown of dysferlin with specific shRNA in control myoblasts also significantly reduced G-actin incorporation. The impaired G-actin incorporation was restored by the expression of full-length dysferlin as well as dysferlin N-terminal or C-terminal regions, both of which contain three C2 domains. DYSF3 myoblasts also exhibited altered distribution of annexin A2, a dysferlin partner involved in actin remodeling. However, dysferlin N-terminal and C-terminal regions appeared to not fully restore such annexin A2 mislocation. Then, our results suggest that dysferlin regulates actin remodeling by a mechanism that does to not involve annexin A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Báez-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Cindel Figueroa-Cares
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Arlek M. Gónzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Hugo Almarza-Salazar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Christian Arriagada
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - María Constanza Maldifassi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - María José Guerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, Center for Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France; (V.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Anne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, Center for Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France; (V.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería (CeBiB), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (X.B.-M.); (C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-J.); (M.C.M.); (M.J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-322-508-052
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8
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Bittel DC, Jaiswal JK. Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles in Rebuilding Injured Muscles. Front Physiol 2019; 10:828. [PMID: 31379590 PMCID: PMC6658195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myofibers are injured due to mechanical stresses experienced during physical activity, or due to myofiber fragility caused by genetic diseases. The injured myofiber needs to be repaired or regenerated to restore the loss in muscle tissue function. Myofiber repair and regeneration requires coordinated action of various intercellular signaling factors-including proteins, inflammatory cytokines, miRNAs, and membrane lipids. It is increasingly being recognized release and transmission of these signaling factors involves extracellular vesicle (EV) released by myofibers and other cells in the injured muscle. Intercellular signaling by these EVs alters the phenotype of their target cells either by directly delivering the functional proteins and lipids or by modifying longer-term gene expression. These changes in the target cells activate downstream pathways involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. The EVs are heterogeneous with regards to their size, composition, cargo, location, as well as time-course of genesis and release. These differences impact on the subsequent repair and regeneration of injured skeletal muscles. This review focuses on how intracellular vesicle production, cargo packaging, and secretion by injured muscle, modulates specific reparative, and regenerative processes. Insights into the formation of these vesicles and their signaling properties offer new understandings of the orchestrated response necessary for optimal muscle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Bittel
- Children's National Health System, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Children's National Health System, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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9
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Blondelle J, Marrocco V, Clark M, Desmond P, Myers S, Nguyen J, Wright M, Bremner S, Pierantozzi E, Ward S, Estève E, Sorrentino V, Ghassemian M, Lange S. Murine obscurin and Obsl1 have functionally redundant roles in sarcolemmal integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and muscle metabolism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:178. [PMID: 31098411 PMCID: PMC6509138 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological roles of obscurin and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) have been enigmatic. While obscurin is highly expressed in striated muscles, Obsl1 is found ubiquitously. Accordingly, obscurin mutations have been linked to myopathies, whereas mutations in Obsl1 result in 3M-growth syndrome. To further study unique and redundant functions of these closely related proteins, we generated and characterized Obsl1 knockouts. Global Obsl1 knockouts are embryonically lethal. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific Obsl1 knockouts show a benign phenotype similar to obscurin knockouts. Only deletion of both proteins and removal of their functional redundancy revealed their roles for sarcolemmal stability and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. To gain unbiased insights into changes to the muscle proteome, we analyzed tibialis anterior and soleus muscles by mass spectrometry, uncovering additional changes to the muscle metabolism. Our analyses suggest that all obscurin protein family members play functions for muscle membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Valeria Marrocco
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Madison Clark
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Patrick Desmond
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Stephanie Myers
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Jim Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Matthew Wright
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Shannon Bremner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Samuel Ward
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Eric Estève
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, 38706 France
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
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10
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Lee JJA, Maruyama R, Duddy W, Sakurai H, Yokota T. Identification of Novel Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping Targets in DYSF for Therapeutic Treatment of Dysferlinopathy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:596-604. [PMID: 30439648 PMCID: PMC6234522 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a progressive myopathy caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene. Dysferlin protein plays a major role in plasma-membrane resealing. Some patients with DYSF deletion mutations exhibit mild symptoms, suggesting some regions of DYSF can be removed without significantly impacting protein function. Antisense-mediated exon-skipping therapy uses synthetic molecules called antisense oligonucleotides to modulate splicing, allowing exons harboring or near genetic mutations to be removed and the open reading frame corrected. Previous studies have focused on DYSF exon 32 skipping as a potential therapeutic approach, based on the association of a mild phenotype with the in-frame deletion of exon 32. To date, no other DYSF exon-skipping targets have been identified, and the relationship between DYSF exon deletion pattern and protein function remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we utilized a membrane-wounding assay to evaluate the ability of plasmid constructs carrying mutant DYSF, as well as antisense oligonucleotides, to rescue membrane resealing in patient cells. We report that multi-exon skipping of DYSF exons 26–27 and 28–29 rescues plasma-membrane resealing. Successful translation of these findings into the development of clinical antisense drugs would establish new therapeutic approaches that would be applicable to ∼5%–7% (exons 26–27 skipping) and ∼8% (exons 28–29 skipping) of dysferlinopathy patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J A Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rika Maruyama
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - William Duddy
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; The Friends of Garrett Cumming Research & Muscular Dystrophy Canada HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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11
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Komiya M, Ito A, Endo M, Hiruma D, Hattori M, Saitoh H, Yoshida M, Ozawa T. A genetic screen to discover SUMOylated proteins in living mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17443. [PMID: 29234079 PMCID: PMC5727073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is indispensable for diverse biological mechanisms. Although various attempts have been made to discover novel SUMO substrate proteins to unveil the roles of SUMOylation, the reversibility of SUMOylation, and the differences in the SUMOylation level still makes it difficult to explore infrequently-SUMOylated proteins in mammalian cells. Here, we developed a method to screen for mammalian SUMOylated proteins using the reconstitution of split fluorescent protein fragments in living mammalian cells. Briefly, the cells harboring cDNAs of SUMOylated proteins were identified by the reconstituted fluorescence emission and separated by cell sorting. The method successfully identified 36 unreported SUMO2-substrate candidates with distinct intracellular localizations and functions. Of the candidates, we found Atac2, a histone acetyltransferase, was SUMOylated at a lysine 408, and further modified by multiple SUMOs without isoform specificity. Because the present method is applicable to other SUMO isoforms and mammalian cell-types, it could contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of SUMOylation in various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mizuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Saitoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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12
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Hofhuis J, Bersch K, Büssenschütt R, Drzymalski M, Liebetanz D, Nikolaev VO, Wagner S, Maier LS, Gärtner J, Klinge L, Thoms S. Dysferlin mediates membrane tubulation and links T-tubule biogenesis to muscular dystrophy. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:841-852. [PMID: 28104817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-C2 domain protein dysferlin localizes to the plasma membrane and the T-tubule system in skeletal muscle; however, its physiological mode of action is unknown. Mutations in the DYSF gene lead to autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi myopathy. Here, we show that dysferlin has membrane tubulating capacity and that it shapes the T-tubule system. Dysferlin tubulates liposomes, generates a T-tubule-like membrane system in non-muscle cells, and links the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to the biogenesis of the T-tubule system. Pathogenic mutant forms interfere with all of these functions, indicating that muscular wasting and dystrophy are caused by the dysferlin mutants' inability to form a functional T-tubule membrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hofhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Kristina Bersch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Ronja Büssenschütt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Marzena Drzymalski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Lars Klinge
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Sven Thoms
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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13
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Cárdenas AM, González-Jamett AM, Cea LA, Bevilacqua JA, Caviedes P. Dysferlin function in skeletal muscle: Possible pathological mechanisms and therapeutical targets in dysferlinopathies. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:246-54. [PMID: 27349407 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene are linked to a group of muscular dystrophies known as dysferlinopathies. These myopathies are characterized by progressive atrophy. Studies in muscle tissue from dysferlinopathy patients or dysferlin-deficient mice point out its importance in membrane repair. However, expression of dysferlin homologous proteins that restore sarcolemma repair function in dysferlinopathy animal models fail to arrest muscle wasting, therefore suggesting that dysferlin plays other critical roles in muscle function. In the present review, we discuss dysferlin functions in the skeletal muscle, as well as pathological mechanisms related to dysferlin mutations. Particular focus is presented related the effect of dysferlin on cell membrane related function, which affect its repair, vesicle trafficking, as well as Ca(2+) homeostasis. Such mechanisms could provide accessible targets for pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Cea
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Bevilacqua
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clinica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Izumi R, Niihori T, Takahashi T, Suzuki N, Tateyama M, Watanabe C, Sugie K, Nakanishi H, Sobue G, Kato M, Warita H, Aoki Y, Aoki M. Genetic profile for suspected dysferlinopathy identified by targeted next-generation sequencing. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2015; 1:e36. [PMID: 27066573 PMCID: PMC4811388 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the genetic causes of suspected dysferlinopathy and to reveal the genetic profile for myopathies with dysferlin deficiency. Methods: Using next-generation sequencing, we analyzed 42 myopathy-associated genes, including DYSF, in 64 patients who were clinically or pathologically suspected of having dysferlinopathy. Putative pathogenic mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In addition, copy-number variations in DYSF were investigated using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We also analyzed the genetic profile for 90 patients with myopathy with dysferlin deficiency, as indicated by muscle specimen immunohistochemistry, including patients from a previous cohort. Results: We identified putative pathogenic mutations in 38 patients (59% of all investigated patients). Twenty-three patients had DYSF mutations, including 6 novel mutations. The remaining 16 patients, including a single patient who also carried the DYSF mutation, harbored putative pathogenic mutations in other genes. The genetic profile for 90 patients with dysferlin deficiency revealed that 70% had DYSF mutations (n = 63), 10% had CAPN3 mutations (n = 9), 2% had CAV3 mutations (n = 2), 3% had mutations in other genes (in single patients), and 16% did not have any identified mutations (n = 14). Conclusions: This study clarified the heterogeneous genetic profile for myopathies with dysferlin deficiency. Our results demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive analysis of related genes in improving the genetic diagnosis of dysferlinopathy as one of the most common subtypes of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Unresolved diagnoses should be investigated using whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiko Izumi
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Tateyama
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chigusa Watanabe
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakanishi
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kato
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Departments of Neurology (R.I., N.S., M.T., M.K., H.W., M.A.) and Medical Genetics (R.I., T.N., Y.A.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (T.T.), National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga, National Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.T.), Iwate National Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.W.), Hiroshima-Nishi Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Neurology (K.S.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; and Department of Neurology (H.N.) and Research Division for Neurodegeneration and Dementia (G.S.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Plasma membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics during single-cell wound healing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Abstract
The function of muscle is to contract, which means to exert force on a substrate. The adaptations required for skeletal muscle differentiation, from a prototypic cell, involve specialization of housekeeping cytoskeletal contracting and supporting systems into crystalline arrays of proteins. Here I discuss the changes that all three cytoskeletal systems (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) undergo through myogenesis. I also discuss their interaction, through the membrane, to extracellular matrix and to other cells, where force will be exerted during contraction. The three cytoskeletal systems are necessary for the muscle cell and must exert complementary roles in the cell. Muscle is a responsive system, where structure and function are integrated: the structural adaptations it undergoes depend on force production. In this way, the muscle cytoskeleton is a portrait of its physiology. I review the cytoskeletal proteins and structures involved in muscle function and focus particularly on their role in myogenesis, the process by which this incredible muscle machine is made. Although the focus is on skeletal muscle, some of the discussion is applicable to cardiac and smooth muscle.
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17
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Balasubramanian A, Kawahara G, Gupta VA, Rozkalne A, Beauvais A, Kunkel LM, Gussoni E. Fam65b is important for formation of the HDAC6-dysferlin protein complex during myogenic cell differentiation. FASEB J 2014; 28:2955-69. [PMID: 24687993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we identified family with sequence similarity 65, member B (Fam65b), as a protein transiently up-regulated during differentiation and fusion of human myogenic cells. Silencing of Fam65b expression results in severe reduction of myogenin expression and consequent lack of myoblast fusion. The molecular function of Fam65b and whether misregulation of its expression could be causative of muscle diseases are unknown. Protein pulldowns were used to identify Fam65b-interacting proteins in differentiating human muscle cells and regenerating muscle tissue. In vitro, human muscle cells were treated with histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and expression of Fam65b and interacting proteins was studied. Nontreated cells were used as controls. In vivo, expression of Fam65b was down-regulated in developing zebrafish to determine the effects on muscle development. Fam65b binds to HDAC6 and dysferlin, the protein mutated in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. The tricomplex Fam65b-HDAC6-dysferlin is transient, and Fam65b expression is necessary for the complex to form. Treatment of myogenic cells with pan-HDAC or HDAC6-specific inhibitors alters Fam65b expression, while dysferlin expression does not change. Inhibition of Fam65b expression in developing zebrafish results in abnormal muscle, with low birefringence, tears at the myosepta, and increased embryo lethality. Fam65b is an essential component of the HDAC6-dysferlin complex. Down-regulation of Fam65b in developing muscle causes changes consistent with muscle disease.-Balasubramanian, A., Kawahara, G., Gupta, V. A., Rozkalne, A., Beauvais, A., Kunkel, L. M., Gussoni, E. Fam65b is important for formation of the HDAC6-dysferlin protein complex during myogenic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ariane Beauvais
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics and Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuela Gussoni
- Program in Genomics, Division of Genetics and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Kerr JP, Ward CW, Bloch RJ. Dysferlin at transverse tubules regulates Ca(2+) homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:89. [PMID: 24639655 PMCID: PMC3944681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The class of muscular dystrophies linked to the genetic ablation or mutation of dysferlin, including Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi Myopathy (MM), are late-onset degenerative diseases. In lieu of a genetic cure, treatments to prevent or slow the progression of dysferlinopathy are of the utmost importance. Recent advances in the study of dysferlinopathy have highlighted the necessity for the maintenance of calcium handling in altering or slowing the progression of muscular degeneration resulting from the loss of dysferlin. This review highlights new evidence for a role for dysferlin at the transverse (t-) tubule of striated muscle, where it is involved in maintaining t-tubule structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P Kerr
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Oulhen N, Onorato TM, Ramos I, Wessel GM. Dysferlin is essential for endocytosis in the sea star oocyte. Dev Biol 2013; 388:94-102. [PMID: 24368072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlin is a calcium-binding transmembrane protein involved in membrane fusion and membrane repair. In humans, mutations in the dysferlin gene are associated with muscular dystrophy. In this study, we isolated plasma membrane-enriched fractions from full-grown immature oocytes of the sea star, and identified dysferlin by mass spectrometry analysis. The full-length dysferlin sequence is highly conserved between human and the sea star. We learned that in the sea star Patiria miniata, dysferlin RNA and protein are expressed from oogenesis to gastrulation. Interestingly, the protein is highly enriched in the plasma membrane of oocytes. Injection of a morpholino against dysferlin leads to a decrease of endocytosis in oocytes, and to a developmental arrest during gastrulation. These results suggest that dysferlin is critical for normal endocytosis during oogenesis and for embryogenesis in the sea star and that this animal may be a useful model for studying the relationship of dysferlin structure as it relates to its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Thomas M Onorato
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA.
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20
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Dysferlin stabilizes stress-induced Ca2+ signaling in the transverse tubule membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20831-6. [PMID: 24302765 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1307960110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies, most commonly limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy, are degenerative myopathies caused by mutations in the DYSF gene encoding the protein dysferlin. Studies of dysferlin have focused on its role in the repair of the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle, but dysferlin's association with calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling proteins in the transverse (t-) tubules suggests additional roles. Here, we reveal that dysferlin is enriched in the t-tubule membrane of mature skeletal muscle fibers. Following experimental membrane stress in vitro, dysferlin-deficient muscle fibers undergo extensive functional and structural disruption of the t-tubules that is ameliorated by reducing external [Ca(2+)] or blocking L-type Ca(2+) channels with diltiazem. Furthermore, we demonstrate that diltiazem treatment of dysferlin-deficient mice significantly reduces eccentric contraction-induced t-tubule damage, inflammation, and necrosis, which resulted in a concomitant increase in postinjury functional recovery. Our discovery of dysferlin as a t-tubule protein that stabilizes stress-induced Ca(2+) signaling offers a therapeutic avenue for limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy patients.
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21
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Fuson K, Rice A, Mahling R, Snow A, Nayak K, Shanbhogue P, Meyer AG, Redpath GMI, Hinderliter A, Cooper ST, Sutton RB. Alternate splicing of dysferlin C2A confers Ca²⁺-dependent and Ca²⁺-independent binding for membrane repair. Structure 2013; 22:104-15. [PMID: 24239457 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlin plays a critical role in the Ca²⁺-dependent repair of microlesions that occur in the muscle sarcolemma. Of the seven C2 domains in dysferlin, only C2A is reported to bind both Ca²⁺ and phospholipid, thus acting as a key sensor in membrane repair. Dysferlin C2A exists as two isoforms, the "canonical" C2A and C2A variant 1 (C2Av1). Interestingly, these isoforms have markedly different responses to Ca²⁺ and phospholipid. Structural and thermodynamic analyses are consistent with the canonical C2A domain as a Ca²⁺-dependent, phospholipid-binding domain, whereas C2Av1 would likely be Ca²⁺-independent under physiological conditions. Additionally, both isoforms display remarkably low free energies of stability, indicative of a highly flexible structure. The inverted ligand preference and flexibility for both C2A isoforms suggest the capability for both constitutive and Ca²⁺-regulated effector interactions, an activity that would be essential in its role as a mediator of membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Fuson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Anne Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth 55812 MN, USA
| | - Ryan Mahling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth 55812 MN, USA
| | - Adam Snow
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Kamakshi Nayak
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Prajna Shanbhogue
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Austin G Meyer
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Gregory M I Redpath
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anne Hinderliter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth 55812 MN, USA
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - R Bryan Sutton
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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22
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McDade JR, Michele DE. Membrane damage-induced vesicle-vesicle fusion of dysferlin-containing vesicles in muscle cells requires microtubules and kinesin. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1677-86. [PMID: 24203699 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene resulting in dysferlin-deficiency lead to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Myoshi myopathy in humans. Dysferlin has been proposed as a critical regulator of vesicle-mediated membrane resealing in muscle fibers, and localizes to muscle fiber wounds following sarcolemma damage. Studies in fibroblasts and urchin eggs suggest that trafficking and fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane during resealing requires the intracellular cytoskeleton. However, the contribution of dysferlin-containing vesicles to resealing in muscle and the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating dysferlin-containing vesicle biology is unclear. Here, we use live-cell imaging to examine the behavior of dysferlin-containing vesicles following cellular wounding in muscle cells and examine the role of microtubules and kinesin in dysferlin-containing vesicle behavior following wounding. Our data indicate that dysferlin-containing vesicles move along microtubules via the kinesin motor KIF5B in muscle cells. Membrane wounding induces dysferlin-containing vesicle-vesicle fusion and the formation of extremely large cytoplasmic vesicles, and this response depends on both microtubules and functional KIF5B. In non-muscle cell types, lysosomes are critical mediators of membrane resealing, and our data indicate that dysferlin-containing vesicles are capable of fusing with lysosomes following wounding which may contribute to formation of large wound sealing vesicles in muscle cells. Overall, our data provide mechanistic evidence that microtubule-based transport of dysferlin-containing vesicles may be critical for resealing, and highlight a critical role for dysferlin-containing vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-organelle fusion in response to wounding in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R McDade
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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23
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Fanzani A, Monti E, Donato R, Sorci G. Muscular dystrophies share pathogenetic mechanisms with muscle sarcomas. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:546-54. [PMID: 23890422 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of recent evidence have opened a new debate on the mechanisms underlying the genesis of rhabdomyosarcoma, a pediatric soft tissue tumor with a widespread expression of muscle-specific markers. In particular, it is increasingly evident that the loss of skeletal muscle integrity observed in some mouse models of muscular dystrophy can favor rhabdomyosarcoma formation. This is especially true in old age. Here, we review these experimental findings and focus on the main molecular and cellular events that can dictate the tumorigenic process in dystrophic muscle, such as the loss of structural or regulatory proteins with tumor suppressor activity, the impaired DNA damage response due to oxidative stress, the chronic inflammation and the conflicting signals arising within the degenerated muscle niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
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24
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Flix B, de la Torre C, Castillo J, Casal C, Illa I, Gallardo E. Dysferlin interacts with calsequestrin-1, myomesin-2 and dynein in human skeletal muscle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1927-38. [PMID: 23792176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are a group of progressive muscular dystrophies characterized by mutations in the gene DYSF. These mutations cause scarcity or complete absence of dysferlin, a protein that is expressed in skeletal muscle and plays a role in membrane repair. Our objective was to unravel the proteins that constitute the dysferlin complex and their interaction within the complex using immunoprecipitation assays (IP), blue native gel electrophoresis (BN) in healthy adult skeletal muscle and healthy cultured myotubes, and fluorescence lifetime imaging-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) analysis in healthy myotubes. The combination of immunoprecipitations and blue native electrophoresis allowed us to identify previously reported partners of dysferlin - such as caveolin-3, AHNAK, annexins, or Trim72/MG53 - and new interacting partners. Fluorescence lifetime imaging showed a direct interaction of dysferlin with Trim72/MG53, AHNAK, cytoplasmic dynein, myomesin-2 and calsequestrin-1, but not with caveolin-3 or dystrophin. In conclusion, although IP and BN are useful tools to identify the proteins in a complex, techniques such as fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis are needed to determine the direct and indirect interactions of these proteins within the complex. This knowledge may help us to better understand the roles of dysferlin in muscle tissue and identify new genes involved in muscular dystrophies in which the responsible gene is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Flix
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Raith M, Valencia RG, Fischer I, Orthofer M, Penninger JM, Spuler S, Rezniczek GA, Wiche G. Linking cytoarchitecture to metabolism: sarcolemma-associated plectin affects glucose uptake by destabilizing microtubule networks in mdx myofibers. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:14. [PMID: 23758845 PMCID: PMC3695810 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most frequent forms of muscular disorders. It is caused by the absence of dystrophin, a core component of the sarcolemma-associated junctional complex that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. We showed previously that plectin 1f (P1f), one of the major muscle-expressed isoforms of the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin, accumulates at the sarcolemma of DMD patients as well as of mdx mice, a widely studied animal model for DMD.Based on plectin's dual role as structural protein and scaffolding platform for signaling molecules, we speculated that the dystrophic phenotype observed after loss of dystrophin was caused, at least to some extent, by excess plectin. Thus, we hypothesized that elimination of plectin expression in mdx skeletal muscle, while probably resulting in an overall more severe phenotype, may lead to a partial phenotype rescue. In particular, we wanted to assess whether excess sarcolemmal plectin contributes to the dysregulation of sugar metabolism in mdx myofibers. METHODS We generated plectin/dystrophin double deficient (dKO) mice by breeding mdx with conditional striated muscle-restricted plectin knockout (cKO) mice. The phenotype of these mice was comparatively analyzed with that of mdx, cKO, and wild-type mice, focusing on structural integrity and dysregulation of glucose metabolism. RESULTS We show that the accumulation of plectin at the sarcolemma of mdx muscle fibers hardly compensated for their loss of structural integrity. Instead, it led to an additional metabolic deficit by impairing glucose uptake. While dKO mice suffered from an overall more severe form of muscular dystrophy compared to mdx or plectin-deficient mice, sarcolemmal integrity as well as glucose uptake of their myofibers were restored to normal levels upon ablation of plectin. Furthermore, microtubule (MT) networks in intact dKO myofibers, including subsarcolemmal areas, were found to be more robust than those in mdx mice. Finally, myotubes differentiated from P1f-overexpressing myoblasts showed an impairment of glucose transporter 4 translocation and a destabilization of MT networks. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results we propose that sarcolemma-associated plectin acts as an antagonist of MT network formation in myofibers, thereby hindering vesicle-mediated (MT-dependent) transport of glucose transporter 4. This novel role of plectin throws a bridge between extra-sarcomeric cytoarchitecture and metabolism of muscle fibers. Our study thus provides new insights into pathomechanisms of plectinopathies and muscular dystrophies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Raith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Rocio G Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Michael Orthofer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Günther A Rezniczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Marienhospital Herne), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Düngelstrasse 33, Herne, 44623, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, 1030, Austria
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26
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Monjaret F, Suel-Petat L, Bourg-Alibert N, Vihola A, Marchand S, Roudaut C, Gicquel E, Udd B, Richard I, Charton K. The phenotype of dysferlin-deficient mice is not rescued by adeno-associated virus-mediated transfer of anoctamin 5. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2013; 24:65-76. [PMID: 23721401 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2012.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in dysferlin and anoctamin 5 are the cause of muscular disorders, with the main presentations as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy or Miyoshi type of distal myopathy. Both these proteins have been implicated in sarcolemmal resealing. On the basis of similarities in associated phenotypes and protein functions, we tested the hypothesis that ANO5 protein could compensate for dysferlin absence. We first defined that the main transcript of ANO5 expressed in skeletal muscle is the 22-exon full-length isoform, and we demonstrated that dysferlin-deficient (Dysf (prmd)) mice have lower Ano5 expression levels, an observation that further enhanced the rational of the tested hypothesis. We then showed that AAV-mediated transfer of human ANO5 (hANO5) did not lead to apparent toxicity in wild-type mice. Finally, we demonstrated that AAV-hANO5 injection was not able to compensate for dysferlin deficiency in the Dysf (prmd) mouse model or improve the membrane repair defect seen in the absence of dysferlin. Consequently, overexpressing hANO5 does not seem to provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for dysferlin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Monjaret
- Généthon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8587, 91000 Evry, France
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27
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Mariano A, Henning A, Han R. Dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy and innate immune activation. FEBS J 2013; 280:4165-76. [PMID: 23527661 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cells encounter many physical, chemical and biological stresses that perturb plasma membrane integrity, warranting an immediate membrane repair response to regain cell homeostasis. Failure to respond properly to such perturbation leads to individual cell death, which may also produce systemic influence by triggering sterile immunological responses. In this review, we discuss recent progress on understanding the mechanisms underlying muscle cell membrane repair and the potential mediators of innate immune activation when the membrane repair system is defective, specifically focusing on pathology associated with dysferlin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Mariano
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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28
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Kobayashi K, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Dysferlin and animal models for dysferlinopathy. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:135-47. [PMID: 22907980 PMCID: PMC3392904 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin (DYSF) is involved in the membrane-repair process, in the intracellular vesicle system and in T-tubule development in skeletal muscle. It interacts with mitsugumin 53, annexins, caveolin-3, AHNAK, affixin, S100A10, calpain-3, tubulin and dihydropyridine receptor. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy (MM) are muscular dystrophies associated with recessively inherited mutations in the DYSF gene. The diseases are characterized by weakness and muscle atrophy that progress slowly and symmetrically in the proximal muscles of the limb girdles. LGMD2B and MM, which are collectively termed “dysferlinopathy”, both lead to abnormalities in vesicle traffic and membrane repair at the plasma membrane in muscle fibers. SJL/J (SJL) and A/J mice are naturally occurring animal models for dysferlinopathy. Since there has been no an approach to therapy for dysferlinopathy, the immediate development of a therapeutic method for this genetic disorder is desirable. The murine models are useful in verification experiments for new therapies and they are valuable tools for identifying factors that accelerate dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle. It could be possible that the genetic or immunological background in SJL or A/J mice could modify muscle damage in experiments involving these models, because SJL and A/J mice show differences in the progress and prevalent sites of skeletal muscle lesions as well as in the gene-expression profiles of their skeletal muscle. In this review, we provide up-to-date information on the function of dysferlin, the development of possible therapies for muscle dystrophies (including dysferlinopathy) and the detection of new therapeutic targets for dysferlinopathy by means of experiments using animal models for dysferlinopathy.
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29
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Azakir BA, Di Fulvio S, Salomon S, Brockhoff M, Therrien C, Sinnreich M. Modular dispensability of dysferlin C2 domains reveals rational design for mini-dysferlin molecules. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27629-36. [PMID: 22736764 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.391722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a large transmembrane protein composed of a C-terminal transmembrane domain, two DysF domains, and seven C2 domains that mediate lipid- and protein-binding interactions. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in dysferlin lead to muscular dystrophies, for which no treatment is currently available. The large size of dysferlin precludes its encapsulation into an adeno-associated virus (AAV), the vector of choice for gene delivery to muscle. To design mini-dysferlin molecules suitable for AAV-mediated gene transfer, we tested internally truncated dysferlin constructs, each lacking one of the seven C2 domains, for their ability to localize to the plasma membrane and to repair laser-induced plasmalemmal wounds in dysferlin-deficient human myoblasts. We demonstrate that the dysferlin C2B, C2C, C2D, and C2E domains are dispensable for correct plasmalemmal localization. Furthermore, we show that the C2B, C2C, and C2E domains and, to a lesser extent, the C2D domain are dispensable for dysferlin membrane repair function. On the basis of these results, we designed small dysferlin molecules that can localize to the plasma membrane and reseal laser-induced plasmalemmal injuries and that are small enough to be incorporated into AAV. These results lay the groundwork for AAV-mediated gene therapy experiments in dysferlin-deficient mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Azakir
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Lostal W, Bartoli M, Roudaut C, Bourg N, Krahn M, Pryadkina M, Borel P, Suel L, Roche JA, Stockholm D, Bloch RJ, Levy N, Bashir R, Richard I. Lack of correlation between outcomes of membrane repair assay and correction of dystrophic changes in experimental therapeutic strategy in dysferlinopathy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38036. [PMID: 22666441 PMCID: PMC3362551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin gene are the cause of Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2B and Miyoshi Myopathy. The dysferlin protein has been implicated in sarcolemmal resealing, leading to the idea that the pathophysiology of dysferlin deficiencies is due to a deficit in membrane repair. Here, we show using two different approaches that fullfiling membrane repair as asseyed by laser wounding assay is not sufficient for alleviating the dysferlin deficient pathology. First, we generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing myoferlin to test the hypothesis that myoferlin, which is homologous to dysferlin, can compensate for the absence of dysferlin. The myoferlin overexpressors show no skeletal muscle abnormalities, and crossing them with a dysferlin-deficient model rescues the membrane fusion defect present in dysferlin-deficient mice in vitro. However, myoferlin overexpression does not correct muscle histology in vivo. Second, we report that AAV-mediated transfer of a minidysferlin, previously shown to correct the membrane repair deficit in vitro, also fails to improve muscle histology. Furthermore, neither myoferlin nor the minidysferlin prevented myofiber degeneration following eccentric exercise. Our data suggest that the pathogenicity of dysferlin deficiency is not solely related to impairment in sarcolemmal repair and highlight the care needed in selecting assays to assess potential therapies for dysferlinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Bartoli
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants de la Timone, AP-HM, and Inserm UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Martin Krahn
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants de la Timone, AP-HM, and Inserm UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Joseph A. Roche
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Robert J. Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants de la Timone, AP-HM, and Inserm UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Rumaisa Bashir
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom
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31
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Han WQ, Xia M, Xu M, Boini KM, Ritter JK, Li NJ, Li PL. Lysosome fusion to the cell membrane is mediated by the dysferlin C2A domain in coronary arterial endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1225-34. [PMID: 22349696 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.094565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin has recently been reported to participate in cell membrane repair in muscle and other cells through lysosome fusion. Given that lysosome fusion is a crucial mechanism that leads to membrane raft clustering, the present study attempted to determine whether dysferlin is involved in this process and its related signalling, and explores the mechanism underlying dysferlin-mediated lysosome fusion in bovine coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs). We found that dysferlin is clustered in membrane raft macrodomains after Fas Ligand (FasL) stimulation as detected by confocal microscopy and membrane fraction flotation. Small-interfering RNA targeted to dysferlin prevented membrane raft clustering. Furthermore, the translocation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) to membrane raft clusters, whereby local ASMase activation and ceramide production--an important step that mediates membrane raft clustering--was attenuated. Functionally, silencing of the dysferlin gene reversed FasL-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated small coronary arteries. By monitoring fluorescence quenching or dequenching, silencing of the dysferlin gene was found to almost completely block lysosome fusion to plasma membrane upon FasL stimulation. Further studies to block C2A binding and silencing of AHNAK (a dysferlin C2A domain binding partner), showed that the dysferlin C2A domain is required for FasL-induced lysosome fusion to the cell membrane, ASMase translocation and membrane raft clustering. We conclude that dysferlin determines lysosome fusion to the plasma membrane through its C2A domain and it is therefore implicated in membrane-raft-mediated signaling and regulation of endothelial function in coronary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qing Han
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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32
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Azakir BA, Di Fulvio S, Kinter J, Sinnreich M. Proteasomal inhibition restores biological function of mis-sense mutated dysferlin in patient-derived muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10344-10354. [PMID: 22318734 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.329078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a transmembrane protein implicated in surface membrane repair of muscle cells. Mutations in dysferlin cause the progressive muscular dystrophies Miyoshi myopathy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B, and distal anterior compartment myopathy. Dysferlinopathies are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and many patients with this disease harbor mis-sense mutations in at least one of their two pathogenic DYSF alleles. These patients have significantly reduced or absent dysferlin levels in skeletal muscle, suggesting that dysferlin encoded by mis-sense alleles is rapidly degraded by the cellular quality control system. We reasoned that mis-sense mutated dysferlin, if salvaged from degradation, might be biologically functional. We used a dysferlin-deficient human myoblast culture harboring the common R555W mis-sense allele and a DYSF-null allele, as well as control human myoblast cultures harboring either two wild-type or two null alleles. We measured dysferlin protein and mRNA levels, resealing kinetics of laser-induced plasmalemmal wounds, myotube formation, and cellular viability after treatment of the human myoblast cultures with the proteasome inhibitors lactacystin or bortezomib (Velcade). We show that endogenous R555W mis-sense mutated dysferlin is degraded by the proteasomal system. Inhibition of the proteasome by lactacystin or Velcade increases the levels of R555W mis-sense mutated dysferlin. This salvaged protein is functional as it restores plasma membrane resealing in patient-derived myoblasts and reverses their deficit in myotube formation. Bortezomib and lactacystin did not cause cellular toxicity at the regimen used. Our results raise the possibility that inhibition of the degradation pathway of mis-sense mutated dysferlin could be used as a therapeutic strategy for patients harboring certain dysferlin mis-sense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Azakir
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Di Fulvio
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Kinter
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Group, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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33
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Gallardo E, de Luna N, Diaz-Manera J, Rojas-García R, Gonzalez-Quereda L, Flix B, de Morrée A, van der Maarel S, Illa I. Comparison of dysferlin expression in human skeletal muscle with that in monocytes for the diagnosis of dysferlin myopathy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29061. [PMID: 22194990 PMCID: PMC3241698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysferlinopathies are caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF). Diagnosis is complex due to the high clinical variability of the disease and because dysferlin expression in the muscle biopsy may be secondarily reduced due to a primary defect in some other gene. Dysferlin is also expressed in peripheral blood monocytes (PBM). Studying dysferlin in monocytes is used for the diagnosis of dysferlin myopathies. The aim of the study was to determine whether dysferlin expression in PBM correlates with that in skeletal muscle. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using western-blot (WB) we quantified dysferlin expression in PBM from 21 pathological controls with other myopathies in whom mutations in DYSF were excluded and from 17 patients who had dysferlinopathy and two mutations in DYSF. Results were compared with protein expression in muscle by WB and immunohistochemistry (IH). We found a good correlation between skeletal muscle and monocytes using WB. However, IH results were misleading because abnormal expression of dysferlin was also observed in 13/21 pathological controls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The analysis of dysferlin protein expression in PBM is helpful when: 1) the skeletal muscle IH pattern is abnormal or 2) when muscle WB can not be performed either because muscle sample is lacking or insufficient or because the muscle biopsy is taken from a muscle at an end-stage and it mainly consists of fat and fibrotic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gallardo
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi de Luna
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Gonzalez-Quereda
- Servei de Genètica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma and Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Flix
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoine de Morrée
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabel Illa
- Servei de Neurologia, Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut de Recerca de HSCSP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Dysferlin interacts with histone deacetylase 6 and increases alpha-tubulin acetylation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28563. [PMID: 22174839 PMCID: PMC3234273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a multi-C2 domain transmembrane protein involved in a plethora of cellular functions, most notably in skeletal muscle membrane repair, but also in myogenesis, cellular adhesion and intercellular calcium signaling. We previously showed that dysferlin interacts with alpha-tubulin and microtubules in muscle cells. Microtubules are heavily reorganized during myogenesis to sustain growth and elongation of the nascent muscle fiber. Microtubule function is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as acetylation of its alpha-tubulin subunit, which is modulated by the histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) enzyme. In this study, we identified HDAC6 as a novel dysferlin-binding partner. Dysferlin prevents HDAC6 from deacetylating alpha-tubulin by physically binding to both the enzyme, via its C2D domain, and to the substrate, alpha-tubulin, via its C2A and C2B domains. We further show that dysferlin expression promotes alpha-tubulin acetylation, as well as increased microtubule resistance to, and recovery from, Nocodazole- and cold-induced depolymerization. By selectively inhibiting HDAC6 using Tubastatin A, we demonstrate that myotube formation was impaired when alpha-tubulin was hyperacetylated early in the myogenic process; however, myotube elongation occurred when alpha-tubulin was hyperacetylated in myotubes. This study suggests a novel role for dysferlin in myogenesis and identifies HDAC6 as a novel dysferlin-interacting protein.
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Lek A, Evesson FJ, Sutton RB, North KN, Cooper ST. Ferlins: regulators of vesicle fusion for auditory neurotransmission, receptor trafficking and membrane repair. Traffic 2011; 13:185-94. [PMID: 21838746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferlins are a family of multiple C2 domain proteins with emerging roles in vesicle fusion and membrane trafficking. Ferlin mutations are associated with muscular dystrophy (dysferlin) and deafness (otoferlin) in humans, and infertility in Caenorhabditis elegans (Fer-1) and Drosophila (misfire), demonstrating their importance for normal cellular functioning. Ferlins show ancient origins in eukaryotic evolution and are detected in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including unicellular eukaryotes and apicomplexian protists, suggesting origins in a common ancestor predating eukaryotic evolutionary branching. The characteristic feature of the ferlin family is their multiple tandem cytosolic C2 domains (five to seven C2 domains), the most of any protein family, and an extremely rare feature amongst eukaryotic proteins. Ferlins also bear a unique nested DysF domain and small conserved 60-70 residue ferlin-specific sequences (Fer domains). Ferlins segregate into two subtypes based on the presence (type I ferlin) or absence (type II ferlin) of the DysF and FerA domains. Ferlins have diverse tissue-specific and developmental expression patterns, with ferlin animal models united by pathologies arising from defects in vesicle fusion. Consistent with their proposed role in vesicle trafficking, ferlin interaction partners include cytoskeletal motors, other vesicle-associated trafficking proteins and transmembrane receptors or channels. Herein we summarize the research history of the ferlins, an intriguing family of structurally conserved proteins with a preserved ancestral function as regulators of vesicle fusion and receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lek
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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172nd ENMC International Workshop: dysferlinopathies 29-31 January 2010, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 21:503-12. [PMID: 21602046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Barthélémy F, Wein N, Krahn M, Lévy N, Bartoli M. Translational research and therapeutic perspectives in dysferlinopathies. Mol Med 2011; 17:875-82. [PMID: 21556485 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathies are autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) gene, encoding the dysferlin protein. DYSF mutations lead to a wide range of muscular phenotypes, with the most prominent being Miyoshi myopathy (MM) and limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and the second most common being LGMD. Symptoms generally appear at the end of childhood and, although disease progression is typically slow, walking impairments eventually result. Dysferlin is a modular type II transmembrane protein for which numerous binding partners have been identified. Although dysferlin function is only partially elucidated, this large protein contains seven calcium sensor C2 domains, shown to play a key role in muscle membrane repair. On the basis of this major function, along with detailed clinical observations, it has been possible to design various therapeutic approaches for dysferlin-deficient patients. Among them, exon-skipping and minigene transfer strategies have been evaluated at the preclinical level and, to date, represent promising approaches for clinical trials. This review aims to summarize the pathophysiology of dysferlinopathies and to evaluate the therapeutic potential for treatments currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Barthélémy
- University of the Mediterranean, Marseille Medical School, Marseille, France Inserm UMR_S 910 Medical Genetics and Functional Genomics Marseille, France
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Schmidt WM, Uddin MH, Dysek S, Moser-Thier K, Pirker C, Höger H, Ambros IM, Ambros PF, Berger W, Bittner RE. DNA damage, somatic aneuploidy, and malignant sarcoma susceptibility in muscular dystrophies. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002042. [PMID: 21533183 PMCID: PMC3077392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Albeit genetically highly heterogeneous, muscular dystrophies (MDs) share a convergent pathology leading to muscle wasting accompanied by proliferation of fibrous and fatty tissue, suggesting a common MD–pathomechanism. Here we show that mutations in muscular dystrophy genes (Dmd, Dysf, Capn3, Large) lead to the spontaneous formation of skeletal muscle-derived malignant tumors in mice, presenting as mixed rhabdomyo-, fibro-, and liposarcomas. Primary MD–gene defects and strain background strongly influence sarcoma incidence, latency, localization, and gender prevalence. Combined loss of dystrophin and dysferlin, as well as dystrophin and calpain-3, leads to accelerated tumor formation. Irrespective of the primary gene defects, all MD sarcomas share non-random genomic alterations including frequent losses of tumor suppressors (Cdkn2a, Nf1), amplification of oncogenes (Met, Jun), recurrent duplications of whole chromosomes 8 and 15, and DNA damage. Remarkably, these sarcoma-specific genetic lesions are already regularly present in skeletal muscles in aged MD mice even prior to sarcoma development. Accordingly, we show also that skeletal muscle from human muscular dystrophy patients is affected by gross genomic instability, represented by DNA double-strand breaks and age-related accumulation of aneusomies. These novel aspects of molecular pathologies common to muscular dystrophies and tumor biology will potentially influence the strategies to combat these diseases. All kinds of muscular dystrophies (MDs) are characterized by progressive muscle wasting due to life-long proliferation of precursor cells of myo- (muscle), fibro- (connective tissue), and lipogenic (fat) origin. Despite discovery of many MD genes over the past 25 years, MDs still represent debilitating, incurable diseases, which frequently lead to premature death. Thus, it is imperative to gain novel insights into the underlying MD pathomechanisms. Here, we show that different mouse models for the most common human MDs frequently develop skeletal musculature-associated tumors, presenting as complex sarcomas, consisting of myo-, lipo-, and fibrogenic compartments. Collectively, these tumors are characterized by profound genomic instability such as DNA damage, recurring mutations in cancer genes, and aberrant chromosome copy numbers. We also demonstrate the presence of these cancer-related aberrations in dystrophic muscles from MD mice prior to formation of visible sarcomas. Moreover, we discovered corresponding genomic lesions also in skeletal muscles from human MD patients, as well as stem cells cultured thereof, and show that genomic instability precedes muscle degeneration in MDs. We thus propose that cancer-like genomic instability represents a novel, unifying pathomechanism underlying the entire group of genetically distinct MDs, which will hopefully open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M. Schmidt
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammed H. Uddin
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Dysek
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Moser-Thier
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Division for Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Himberg, Austria
| | - Inge M. Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter F. Ambros
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung Association, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reginald E. Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Zeng F, Tian Y, Shi S, Wu Q, Liu S, Zheng H, Yue L, Li Y. Identification of mouse MARVELD1 as a microtubule associated protein that inhibits cell cycle progression and migration. Mol Cells 2011; 31:267-74. [PMID: 21347699 PMCID: PMC3932696 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MARVEL domain-containing 1 (MARVELD1) is a newly identified nuclear protein; however its function has not been clear until now. Here, we report that mouse MARVELD1 (mMARVELD1), which is highly conserved between mice and humans, exhibits cell cycle-dependent cellular localization. In NIH3T3 cells, MARVELD1 was observed in the nucleus and at the perinuclear region during interphase, but was localized at the mitotic spindle and midbody at metaphase, and a significant fraction of mMARVELD1 translocated to the plasma membrane during anaphase. In addition, treatment of cells with colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, resulted in translocation of mMARVELD1 to the plasma membrane, and association of mMARVELD1 and α-tubulin was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, overexpression of mMARVELD1 resulted in a remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation, G1-phase arrest, and reduced cell migration. These findings indicate that mMARVELD1 is a microtubule-associated protein that plays an important role in cell cycle progression and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Zeng
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Tian
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuliang Shi
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yue
- The Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
- The Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China
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Han R. Muscle membrane repair and inflammatory attack in dysferlinopathy. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:10. [PMID: 21798087 PMCID: PMC3156633 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of plasma membrane tears is an important normal physiological process that enables the cells to survive a variety of physiological and pathological membrane lesions. Dysferlin was the first protein reported to play a crucial role in this repair process in muscle, and recently, several other proteins including Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), annexin and calpain were also found to participate. These findings have now established the framework of the membrane repair mechanism. Defective membrane repair in dysferlin-deficient muscle leads to the development of muscular dystrophy associated with remarkable muscle inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated a crosstalk between defective membrane repair and immunological attack, thus unveiling a new pathophysiological mechanism of dysferlinopathy. Here I summarize and discuss the latest progress in the molecular mechanisms of membrane repair and the pathogenesis of dysferlinopathy. Discussion about potential therapeutic applications of these findings is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Han
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Cacciottolo M, Belcastro V, Laval S, Bushby K, di Bernardo D, Nigro V. Reverse engineering gene network identifies new dysferlin-interacting proteins. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:5404-13. [PMID: 21119217 PMCID: PMC3037653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.173559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin (DYSF) is a type II transmembrane protein implicated in surface membrane repair of muscle. Mutations in dysferlin lead to Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B), Miyoshi Myopathy (MM), and Distal Myopathy with Anterior Tibialis onset (DMAT). The DYSF protein complex is not well understood, and only a few protein-binding partners have been identified thus far. To increase the set of interacting protein partners for DYSF we recovered a list of predicted interacting protein through a systems biology approach. The predictions are part of a "reverse-engineered" genome-wide human gene regulatory network obtained from experimental data by computational analysis. The reverse-engineering algorithm behind the analysis relates genes to each other based on changes in their expression patterns. DYSF and AHNAK were used to query the system and extract lists of potential interacting proteins. Among the 32 predictions the two genes share, we validated the physical interaction between DYSF protein with moesin (MSN) and polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) in mouse heart lysate, thus identifying two novel Dysferlin-interacting proteins. Our strategy could be useful to clarify Dysferlin function in intracellular vesicles and its implication in muscle membrane resealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Cacciottolo
- From the TIGEM-Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Belcastro
- From the TIGEM-Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Steve Laval
- the Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kate Bushby
- the Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, and
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- From the TIGEM-Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- From the TIGEM-Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80131 Naples, Italy
- the Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Patologia Generale and CIRM, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Myoblast fusion contributes to muscle growth in development and during regeneration of mature muscle. Myoblasts fuse to each other as well as to multinucleate myotubes to enlarge the myofiber. The molecular mechanisms of myoblast fusion are incompletely understood. Adhesion, apposition, and membrane fusion are accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangements. The ferlin family of proteins is implicated in human muscle disease and has been implicated in fusion events in muscle, including myoblast fusion, vesicle trafficking and membrane repair. Dysferlin was the first mammalian ferlin identified and it is now known that there are six different ferlins. Loss-of-function mutations in the dysferlin gene lead to limb girdle muscular dystrophy and the milder disorder Miyoshi Myopathy. Dysferlin is a membrane-associated protein that has been implicated in resealing disruptions in the muscle plasma membrane. Newer data supports a broader role for dysferlin in intracellular vesicular movement, a process also important for resealing. Myoferlin is highly expressed in myoblasts that undergoing fusion, and the absence of myoferlin leads to impaired myoblast fusion. Myoferlin also regulates intracellular trafficking events, including endocytic recycling, a process where internalized vesicles are returned to the plasma membrane. The trafficking role of ferlin proteins is reviewed herein with a specific focus as to how this machinery alters myogenesis and muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery D Posey
- Genomics and Systems Biology, Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Proteomic analysis of the dysferlin protein complex unveils its importance for sarcolemmal maintenance and integrity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13854. [PMID: 21079765 PMCID: PMC2974636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is critical for repair of muscle membranes after damage. Mutations in dysferlin lead to a progressive muscular dystrophy. Recent studies suggest additional roles for dysferlin. We set out to study dysferlin's protein-protein interactions to obtain comprehensive knowledge of dysferlin functionalities in a myogenic context. We developed a robust and reproducible method to isolate dysferlin protein complexes from cells and tissue. We analyzed the composition of these complexes in cultured myoblasts, myotubes and skeletal muscle tissue by mass spectrometry and subsequently inferred potential protein functions through bioinformatics analyses. Our data confirm previously reported interactions and support a function for dysferlin as a vesicle trafficking protein. In addition novel potential functionalities were uncovered, including phagocytosis and focal adhesion. Our data reveal that the dysferlin protein complex has a dynamic composition as a function of myogenic differentiation. We provide additional experimental evidence and show dysferlin localization to, and interaction with the focal adhesion protein vinculin at the sarcolemma. Finally, our studies reveal evidence for cross-talk between dysferlin and its protein family member myoferlin. Together our analyses show that dysferlin is not only a membrane repair protein but also important for muscle membrane maintenance and integrity.
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