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Du Y, Teng J, Zhao J, Ren J, Ma H, Zhang T, Xia B, Sun S, Wang Q. Effects of ocean acidification and polystyrene microplastics on the oysters Crassostrea gigas: An integrated biomarker and metabolomic approach. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106434. [PMID: 38460223 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of microplastics (MPs) or ocean acidification (OA) on mollusks have been widely reported, however, little is known about their combined effects on mollusks. The oysters Crassostrea gigas were exposed to two sizes of polystyrene MPs with 1 × 104 particles/L (small polystyrene MPs (SPS-MPs): 6 μm, large polystyrene MPs (LPS-MPs): 50-60 μm) at two pH levels (7.7 and 8.1) for 14 days. The antagonistic effects between MPs and OA on oysters were mainly observed. Single SPS-MPs exposure can induce CAT enzyme activity and LPO level in gills, while LPS-MPs exposure alone can increase PGK and PEPCK gene expression in digestive glands. Ocean acidification can increase clearance rate and inhibit antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas combined exposure of OA and SPS-MPs can affect the metabolomic profile of digestive glands. This study emphasized that the potential toxic effects of MPs under the scene of climate change should be concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Du
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Jingying Ren
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Hengyuan Ma
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209 16, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Li F, Xie Y, Yang C, Ye Q, Wang F, Liao Y, Mkuye R, Deng Y. The physiological responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure in pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata martensii). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 195:106345. [PMID: 38224626 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the physiological responses to titanium dioxide nanoparticles exposure in pearl oysters (Pinctada fucata martensii), pearl oysters were exposed for 14 days to different levels (0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg/L) of nano-TiO2 suspensions, while a control group did not undergo any nano-TiO2 treatment. And then recovery experiments were performed for 7 days without nano-TiO2 exposure. At days 1, 3, 7, 14, 17, and 21, hepatopancreatic tissue samples were collected and used to examine the activities of protease, amylase, lipase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LYS), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP). The microstructure of the nacreous layer in shell was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that pearl oysters exposed to 5 mg/L of TiO2 nanoparticles had significantly lower protease, amylase, and lipase activities and significantly higher CAT, SOD, GPx, LYS, ACP, and AKP activities than control pearl oysters did even after 7-day recovery (P-values <0.05). Pearl oysters exposed to 0.5 mg/L or 0.05 mg/L of TiO2 nanoparticles had lower protease, amylase, and lipase activities and higher CAT, SOD, GPx, LYS, ACP, and AKP activities than control pearl oysters did during the exposure period. After 7-day recovery, no significant differences in protease, lipase, SOD, GPx, CAT, ACP, AKP, or LYS activities were observed between pearl oysters exposed to 0.05 mg/L of TiO2 nanoparticles and control pearl oysters (P-values >0.05). In the period from day 7 to day 14, indistinct and irregular nacreous layer crystal structure in shell was observed. This study demonstrates that TiO2 nanoparticles exposure influences the levels of digestion, immune function, oxidative stress, and biomineralization in pearl oysters, which can be partially and weakly alleviated by short-term recovery. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of action of TiO2 nanoparticles in bivalves. However, studies should evaluate whether a longer recovery period can restore to their normal levels in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yufen Xie
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Qingxia Ye
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yongshan Liao
- Pearl Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Robert Mkuye
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Marine Ecology Early Warning and Monitoring Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Wanjeri VWO, Okuku E, Ngila JC, Ndungu PG. Effect of seawater acidification on physiological and energy metabolism responses of the common Cockle (Anadara antiquata) of Gazi Bay, Kenya. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115500. [PMID: 37690410 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is becoming a potential threat to marine organisms, especially in calcifying marine invertebrates. So far, along the Kenya Coast, there has been little research on the impact of OA on cockle (Anadara antiquata), particularly on their physiological impacts induced by exposure to acidified seawater. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of Anadara antiquata under present and future predicted seawater pH. In this study, the Anadara antiquata was exposed to three pH treatments (pH 7.90, 7.60, and 7.30) for 8 weeks to mimic future OA and to understand the physiological and biochemical effects on the organisms. Condition index, energy reserves (glycogen and protein), and cellular damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation level) were measured. Condition index (CI) showed no significant difference at different pH treatments (pH 7.90, 7.60, and 7.30), whereas the survival Anadara antiquata was slightly reduced after 8 weeks of exposure to pH 7.30. Glycogen and protein content were not affected at reduced pH (7.60 and 7.30). However, after 8 weeks of exposure to pH 7.60 and 7.30, Anadara antiquata showed a slight decrease in lipid peroxidation, an indication of cellular damage. The physiological and biochemical parameters analyzed (glycogen and protein content; lipid peroxidation levels) showed useful biomarkers to assess ocean acidification impacts in cockle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Wayayi Ogolla Wanjeri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Eric Okuku
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Jane Catherine Ngila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Alma L, Fiamengo CJ, Alin SR, Jackson M, Hiromoto K, Padilla-Gamiño JL. Physiological responses of scallops and mussels to environmental variability: Implications for future shellfish aquaculture. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115356. [PMID: 37633025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Puget Sound (Washington, USA) is a large estuary, known for its profitable shellfish aquaculture industry. However, in the past decade, scientists have observed strong acidification, hypoxia, and temperature anomalies in Puget Sound. These co-occurring environmental stressors are a threat to marine ecosystems and shellfish aquaculture. Our research assesses how environmental variability in Puget Sound impacts two ecologically and economically important bivalves, the purple-hinge rock scallop (Crassodoma gigantea) and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Our study examines the effect of depth and seasonality on the physiology of these two important bivalves to gain insight into ideal grow-out conditions in an aquaculture setting, improving the yield and quality of this sustainable protein source. To do this, we used Hood Canal (located in Puget Sound) as a natural multiple-stressor laboratory, which allowed us to study acclimatization capacity of shellfish in their natural habitat and provide the aquaculture industry information about differences in growth rate, shell strength, and nutritional sources across depths and seasons. Bivalves were outplanted at two depths (5 and 30 m) and collected after 3.5 and 7.5 months. To maximize mussel and scallop growth potential in an aquaculture setting, our results suggest outplanting at 5 m depth, with more favorable oxygen and pH levels. Mussel shell integrity can be improved by placing out at 5 m, regardless of season, however, there were no notable differences in shell strength between depths in scallops. For both species, δ13C values were lowest at 5 m in the winter and δ15N was highest at 30 m regardless of season. Puget Sound's combination of naturally and anthropogenically acidified conditions is already proving to be a challenge for shellfish farmers. Our study provides crucial information to farmers to optimize aquaculture grow-out as we begin to navigate the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Alma
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, 2099 Westshore Rd., Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
| | - Courtney J Fiamengo
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Simone R Alin
- National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Molly Jackson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Taylor Shellfish Hatchery, 701 Broadspit Rd., Quilcene, WA 98376, USA
| | - Kris Hiromoto
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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5
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Marshall DJ, Rashid A. Organismal Responses to Coastal Acidification Informed by Interrelating Erosion, Roundness and Growth of Gastropod Shells. Zool Stud 2023; 62:e41. [PMID: 37941798 PMCID: PMC10628549 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
urrent understanding of how calcifying organisms respond to externally forced oceanic and coastal acidification (OCA) is largely based on short-term, controlled laboratory or mesocosm experiments. Studies on organismal responses to acidification (reduced carbonate saturation and pH) in the wild, where animals simultaneously interact with a range of biotic and abiotic circumstances, are limited in scope and interpretation. The present study aimed to better understand how gastropod shell attributes and their interrelations can inform about responses to coastal acidification. We investigated shell chemical erosion, shell roundness, and growth rate of Planaxis sulcatus snails, which are locally exposed to acidified and non-acidified rocky intertidal water. We tested a new approach to quantifying shell erosion based on the spiral suture length (EI, erosion index) and found that shell erosion mirrored field acidification conditions. Exposure to acidification caused shells to become rounder (width/length). Field growth rate, determined from apertural margin extension of marked and later recaptured snails, was strongly negatively related to both shell erosion and shell roundness. Since different shell attributes are indicative of different relationships-shell erosion is an extrinsic passive marker of acidification, and shell roundness and growth rate are intrinsic performance responders-analyzing their interrelations can imply causation, enhance predictive power, and bolster interpretation confidence. This study contributes to the methodology and interpretation of findings of trait-based field investigations to understand organismal responses to coastal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marshall
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam, BE1410. E-mail: (Marshall)
| | - Amira Rashid
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam, BE1410. E-mail: (Marshall)
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Curley AN, Petersen SV, Edie SM, Guo W. Biologically driven isotopic fractionations in bivalves: from palaeoenvironmental problem to palaeophysiological proxy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1016-1032. [PMID: 36843233 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional bulk stable isotope (δ18 O and δ13 C) and clumped isotope (Δ47 ) records from bivalve shells provide invaluable histories of Earth's local and global climate change. However, biologically driven isotopic fractionations (BioDIFs) can overprint primary environmental signals in the shell. Here, we explore how conventional measurements of δ18 O, δ13 C, and Δ47 in bivalve shells can be re-interpreted to investigate these physiological processes deliberately. Using intrashell Δ47 and δ18 O alignment as a proxy for equilibrium state, we separately examine fractionations and/or disequilibrium occurring in the two major stages of the biomineralisation process: the secretion of the extrapallial fluid (EPF) and the precipitation of shell material from the EPF. We measured δ18 O, δ13 C, and Δ47 in fossil shells representing five genera (Lahillia, Dozyia, Eselaevitrigonia, Nordenskjoldia, and Cucullaea) from the Maastrichtian age [66-69 million years ago (Ma)] López de Bertodano Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. Material was sampled from both the outer and inner shell layers (OSL and ISL, respectively), which precipitate from separate EPF reservoirs. We find consistent δ18 O values across the five taxa, indicating that the composition of the OSL can be a reliable palaeoclimate proxy. However, relative to the OSL baseline, ISLs of all taxa show BioDIFs in one or more isotopic parameters. We discuss/hypothesise potential origins of these BioDIFs by synthesising isotope systematics with the physiological processes underlying shell biomineralisation. We propose a generalised analytical and interpretive framework that maximises the amount of palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiological information that can be derived from the isotopic composition of fossil shell material, even in the presence of previously confounding 'vital effects'. Applying this framework in deep time can expand the utility of δ18 O, δ13 C, and Δ47 measurements from proxies of past environments to proxies for certain biomineralisation strategies across space, time, and phylogeny among Bivalvia and other calcifying organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Curley
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sierra V Petersen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stewart M Edie
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Weifu Guo
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Mos B, Mesic N, Dworjanyn SA. Variable food alters responses of larval crown-of-thorns starfish to ocean warming but not acidification. Commun Biol 2023; 6:639. [PMID: 37316528 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton abundance is decreasing and becoming more variable as the ocean climate changes. We examine how low, high, and variable phytoplankton food supply affected the survival, development, and growth of larval crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster sp. exposed to combined warming (26, 30 °C) and acidification (pH 8.0, 7.6). Larvae fed a low food ration are smaller, and develop slower and with more abnormalities than larvae fed a high ration. Larvae fed a variable food supply (low, followed by high ration) overcome the negative effects of low food on development rate and occurrence of abnormalities, but are 16-17% smaller than larvae fed the high ration continuously. Acidification (pH 7.6) slows growth and development and increases abnormalities regardless of the food regime. Warming slows growth and development, but these effects are mitigated by high food availability. As tropical oceans warm, the success of crown-of-thorns starfish larvae may depend on the abundance of their phytoplankton prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mos
- Moreton Bay Research Station (MBRS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 37 Fraser Street, Dunwich, Minjerribah, QLD 4183, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Science (CMS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Naomi Mesic
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Symon A Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
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Mele I, McGill RAR, Thompson J, Fennell J, Fitzer S. Ocean acidification, warming and feeding impacts on biomineralization pathways and shell material properties of Magallana gigas and Mytilus spp. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105925. [PMID: 36857940 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs are among the organisms affected by ocean acidification (OA), relying on carbon for shell biomineralization. Metabolic and environmental sourcing are two pathways potentially affected by OA, but the circumstances and patterns by which they are altered are poorly understood. From previous studies, mollusc shells grown under OA appear smaller in size, brittle and thinner, suggesting an important alteration in carbon sequestration. However, supplementary feeding experiments have shown promising results in offsetting the negative consequences of OA on shell growth. Our study compared carbon uptake by δ13C tracing and deposition into mantle tissue and shell layers in Magallana gigas and Mytilus species, two economically valuable and common species. After subjecting the species to 7.7 pH, +2 °C seawater, and enhanced feeding, both species maintain shell growth and metabolic pathways under OA without benefitting from extra feeding, thus, showing effective acclimation to rapid and short-term environmental change. Mytilus spp. increases metabolic carbon into the calcite and environmental sourcing of carbon into the shell aragonite in low pH and high temperature conditions. Low pH affects M. gigas mantle nitrogen isotopes maintaining growth. Calcite biomineralization pathway differs between the two species and suggests species-specific response to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mele
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, United Kingdom
| | - Rona A R McGill
- Stable Isotope Ecology Lab, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G75 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Thompson
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, United Kingdom
| | - James Fennell
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Fitzer
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, United Kingdom.
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Schwaner C, Barbosa M, Schwemmer TG, Pales Espinosa E, Allam B. Increased Food Resources Help Eastern Oyster Mitigate the Negative Impacts of Coastal Acidification. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071161. [PMID: 37048417 PMCID: PMC10093323 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic absorption of atmospheric CO2 results in alterations of carbonate chemistry, a process coined ocean acidification (OA). The economically and ecologically important eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is vulnerable to these changes because low pH hampers CaCO3 precipitation needed for shell formation. Organisms have a range of physiological mechanisms to cope with altered carbonate chemistry; however, these processes can be energetically expensive and necessitate energy reallocation. Here, the hypothesis that resilience to low pH is related to energy resources was tested. In laboratory experiments, oysters were reared or maintained at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (1300 ppm) pCO2 levels during larval and adult stages, respectively, before the effect of acidification on metabolism was evaluated. Results showed that oysters exposed to elevated pCO2 had significantly greater respiration. Subsequent experiments evaluated if food abundance influences oyster response to elevated pCO2. Under high food and elevated pCO2 conditions, oysters had less mortality and grew larger, suggesting that food can offset adverse impacts of elevated pCO2, while low food exacerbates the negative effects. Results also demonstrated that OA induced an increase in oyster ability to select their food particles, likely representing an adaptive strategy to enhance energy gains. While oysters appeared to have mechanisms conferring resilience to elevated pCO2, these came at the cost of depleting energy stores, which can limit the available energy for other physiological processes. Taken together, these results show that resilience to OA is at least partially dependent on energy availability, and oysters can enhance their tolerance to adverse conditions under optimal feeding regimes.
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Direct control of shell regeneration by the mantle tissue in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107956. [PMID: 36934975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs rapidly repair the damaged shells to prevent further injury, which is vital for their survival after physical or biological aggression. However, it remains unclear how this process is precisely controlled. In this study, we applied scanning electronic microscopy and histochemical analysis to examine the detailed shell regeneration process in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. It was found that the shell damage caused the mantle tissue to retract, which resulted in relocation of the partitioned mantle zones with respect to their correspondingly secreting shell layers. As a result, the relocated mantle tissue dramatically altered the shell morphology by initiating de novo precipitation of prismatic layers on the former nacreous layers, leading to the formation of sandwich-like "prism-nacre-prism-nacre" structure. Real-time PCR revealed the up-regulation of the shell matrix protein genes, which was confirmed by the thermal gravimetric analysis of the newly formed shell. The increased matrix secretion might have led to the change of CaCO3 precipitation dynamics which altered the mineral morphology and promoted shell formation. Taken together, our study revealed the close relationship between the physiological activities of the mantle tissue and the morphological change of the regenerated shells.
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Wyness AJ, Roush D, McQuaid CD. Global distribution and diversity of marine euendolithic cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:746-759. [PMID: 36199189 PMCID: PMC10092097 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Euendolithic, or true-boring, cyanobacteria actively erode carbonate-containing substrata in a wide range of environments and pose significant risks to calcareous marine fauna. Their boring activities cause structural damage and increase susceptibility to disease and are projected to only intensify with global climate change. Most research has, however, focused on tropical coral systems, and limited information exists on the global distribution, diversity, and substratum specificity of euendoliths. This metastudy aimed to collate existing 16S rRNA gene surveys along with novel data from the south coast of South Africa to investigate the global distribution and genetic diversity of endoliths to identify a "core endolithic cyanobacterial microbiome" and assess global diversification of euendolithic cyanobacteria. The cyanobacterial families Phormidesmiaceae, Nodosilineaceae, Nostocaceae, and Xenococcaceae were the most prevalent, found in >92% of categories surveyed. All four known euendolith clusters were detected in both intertidal and subtidal habitats, in the North Atlantic, Mediterranean, and South Pacific oceans, across temperate latitudes, and within rock, travertine tiles, coral, shell, and coralline algae substrata. Analysis of the genetic variation within clusters revealed many organisms to be unique to substratum type and location, suggesting high diversity and niche specificity. Euendoliths are known to have important effects on their hosts. This is particularly important when hosts are globally significant ecological engineers or habitat-forming species. The findings of this study indicate high ubiquity and diversity of euendolithic cyanobacteria, suggesting high adaptability, which may lead to increased community and ecosystem-level effects with changing climatic conditions favoring the biochemical mechanisms of cyanobacterial bioerosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Wyness
- Coastal Research GroupDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown)South Africa6139
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MpumalangaMbombelaSouth Africa1200
| | - Daniel Roush
- Center for Fundamental and Applied MicrobiomicsBiodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeArizona85287USA
| | - Christopher D. McQuaid
- Coastal Research GroupDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyRhodes UniversityMakhanda (Grahamstown)South Africa6139
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12
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Burnett KG, Burnett LE. Immune Defense in Hypoxic Waters: Impacts of CO 2 Acidification. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:120-133. [PMID: 36548972 DOI: 10.1086/721322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodic episodes of low oxygen (hypoxia) and elevated CO2 (hypercapnia) accompanied by low pH occur naturally in estuarine environments. Under the influence of climate change, the geographic range and intensity of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia are predicted to increase, potentially jeopardizing the survival of economically and ecologically important organisms that use estuaries as habitat and nursery grounds. In this review we synthesize data from published studies that evaluate the impact of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia on the ability of crustaceans and bivalve molluscs to defend themselves against potential microbial pathogens. Available data indicate that hypoxia generally has suppressive effects on host immunity against bacterial pathogens as measured by in vitro and in vivo assays. Few studies have documented the effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on crustaceans or bivalve immune defense, with a range of outcomes suggesting that added CO2 might have additive, negative, or no interactions with the effects of hypoxia alone. This synthesis points to the need for more partial pressure of O2 × low pH factorial design experiments and recommends the development of new host∶pathogen challenge models incorporating natural transmission of a wide range of viruses, bacteria, and parasites, along with novel in vivo tracking systems that better quantify how pathogens interact with their hosts in real time under laboratory and field conditions.
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13
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Leung JYS, Zhang S, Connell SD. Is Ocean Acidification Really a Threat to Marine Calcifiers? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 980+ Studies Spanning Two Decades. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107407. [PMID: 35934837 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need to revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to critically re-evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifiers. Based on 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, and cephalopods) are found to be tolerant to near-future ocean acidification (pH ≈ 7.8 by the year 2100), but coccolithophores, calcifying algae, and corals appear to be sensitive. Calcifiers are generally more sensitive at the larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% of the observations in growth and calcification are non-negative, implying the acclimation capacity of many calcifiers to ocean acidification. This capacity can be mediated by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., physiological, mineralogical, structural, and molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifiers are less deleterious than initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, in the forthcoming era of ocean acidification research, it is advocated that studying how marine organisms persist is as important as studying how they perish, and that future hypotheses and experimental designs are not constrained within the paradigm of negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sam Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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14
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Varas O, Pulgar J, Duarte C, García-Herrera C, Abarca-Ortega A, Grenier C, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Zapata J, Lagos NA, García-Huidobro MR, Aldana M. Parasitism by metacercariae modulates the morphological, organic and mechanical responses of the shell of an intertidal bivalve to environmental drivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154747. [PMID: 35337870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variation alters biological interactions and their ecological and evolutionary consequences. In coastal systems, trematode parasites affect their hosts by disrupting their life-history traits. However, the effects of parasitism could be variable and dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions where the host-parasite interaction occurs. This study compared the effect of a trematode parasite in the family Renicolidae (metacercariae) on the body size and the shell organic and mechanical characteristics of the intertidal mussels Perumytilus purpuratus, inhabiting two environmentally contrasting localities in northern and central Chile (ca. 1600 km apart). Congruent with the environmental gradient along the Chilean coast, higher levels of temperature, salinity and pCO2, and a lower pH characterise the northern locality compared to that of central Chile. In the north, parasitised individuals showed lower body size and shell resistance than non-parasitised individuals, while in central Chile, the opposite pattern was observed. Protein level in the organic matter of the shell was lower in the parasitised hosts than in the non-parasitised ones regardless of the locality. However, an increase in polysaccharide levels was observed in the parasitised individuals from central Chile. These results evidence that body size and shell properties of P. purpuratus vary between local populations and that they respond differently when confronting the parasitism impacts. Considering that the parasite prevalence reaches around 50% in both populations, if parasitism is not included in the analysis, the true response of the host species would be masked by the effects of the parasite, skewing our understanding of how environmental variables will affect marine species. Considering parasitism and identifying its effects on host species faced with environmental drivers is essential to understand and accurately predict the ecological consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Varas
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultas de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultas de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultas de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Grenier
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Javier Zapata
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Roberto García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Manríquez PH, Jara ME, González CP, Jeno K, Domenici P, Watson SA, Duarte C, Brokordt K. Multiple-stressor effects of ocean acidification, warming and predation risk cues on the early ontogeny of a rocky-shore keystone gastropod. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:118918. [PMID: 35227850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand how climate change stressors might affect marine organisms and support adequate projections it is important to know how multiple stressors may be modulated by the presence of other species. We evaluated the direct effects of ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) together with non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of the predatory crab Acanthocyclus hassleri on early ontogeny fitness-related traits of the commercially important rocky-shore keystone gastropod Concholepas concholepas. We measured the response of nine traits to these stressors at either the organismal level (survival, growth, feeding rates, tenacity, metabolic rate, calcification rate) or sub-organismal level (nutritional status, ATP-supplying capacity, stress condition). C. concholepas survival was not affected by any of the stressors. Feeding rates were not affected by OW or OA; however, they were reduced in the presence of crab NCEs compared with control conditions. Horizontal tenacity was affected by the OA × NCEs interaction; in the presence of NCEs, OA reduced tenacity. The routine metabolic rate, measured by oxygen consumption, increased significantly with OW. Nutritional status assessment determined that carbohydrate content was not affected by any of the stressors. However, protein content was affected by the OA × NCEs interaction; in the absence of NCEs, OA reduced protein levels. ATP-supplying capacity, measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and cellular stress condition (HSP70 expression) were reduced by OA, with reduction in CS activity found particularly at the high temperature. Our results indicate C. concholepas traits are affected by OA and OW and the effects are modulated by predator risk (NCEs). We conclude that some C. concholepas traits are resilient to climate stressors (survival, growth, horizontal tenacity and nutritional status) but others are affected by OW (metabolic rate), OA (ATP-supplying capacity, stress condition), and NCEs (feeding rate). The results suggest that these negative effects can adversely affect the associated community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - María Elisa Jara
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio P González
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Katherine Jeno
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IBF Istituto di Biofisica, Pisa, Italy; CNR-IAS Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Oristano, Italy
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum Network, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina de Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile
| | - Katherina Brokordt
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias de Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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16
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Crane RL, Denny MW. Bivalves maintain repair when faced with chronically repeated mechanical stress. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275548. [PMID: 35638557 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though mollusks' capacity to repair shell damage is usually studied in response to a single event, their shells have to defend them against predatory and environmental threats throughout their potentially multi-decadal life. We measured whether and how mollusks respond to chronic mechanical stress. Once a week for 7 months, we compressed whole live California mussels (Mytilus californianus) for 15 cycles at ∼55% of their predicted one-time breaking force, a treatment known to cause fatigue damage in shells. We found mussels repaired their shells. Shells of experimentally stressed mussels were just as strong at the end of the experiment as those of control mussels that had not been experimentally loaded, and they were more heavily patched internally. Additionally, stressed shells differed in morphology; they were heavier and thicker at the end of the experiment than control shells but they had increased less in width, resulting in a flatter, less domed shape. Finally, the chronic mechanical stress and repair came at a cost, with stressed mussels having higher mortality and less soft tissue than the control group. Although associated with significant cost, mussels' ability to maintain repair in response to ongoing mechanical stress may be vital to their survival in harsh and predator-filled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Crane
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M W Denny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Corrochano-Fraile A, Davie A, Carboni S, Bekaert M. Evidence of multiple genome duplication events in Mytilus evolution. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:340. [PMID: 35501689 PMCID: PMC9063065 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molluscs remain one significantly under-represented taxa amongst available genomic resources, despite being the second-largest animal phylum and the recent advances in genomes sequencing technologies and genome assembly techniques. With the present work, we want to contribute to the growing efforts by filling this gap, presenting a new high-quality reference genome for Mytilus edulis and investigating the evolutionary history within the Mytilidae family, in relation to other species in the class Bivalvia. Results Here we present, for the first time, the discovery of multiple whole genome duplication events in the Mytilidae family and, more generally, in the class Bivalvia. In addition, the calculation of evolution rates for three species of the Mytilinae subfamily sheds new light onto the taxa evolution and highlights key orthologs of interest for the study of Mytilus species divergences. Conclusions The reference genome presented here will enable the correct identification of molecular markers for evolutionary, population genetics, and conservation studies. Mytilidae have the capability to become a model shellfish for climate change adaptation using genome-enabled systems biology and multi-disciplinary studies of interactions between abiotic stressors, pathogen attacks, and aquaculture practises. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08575-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrochano-Fraile
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Andrew Davie
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Stefano Carboni
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK. .,International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini snc, 09170, Torre Grande, OR, Italy.
| | - Michaël Bekaert
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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18
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Córdova-Rodríguez K, Flye-Sainte-Marie J, Fernández E, Graco M, Rozas A, Aguirre-Velarde A. Effect of low pH on growth and shell mechanical properties of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 177:105639. [PMID: 35512586 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution of anthropogenic CO2 modifies seawater pH, leading to ocean acidification, which might affect calcifying organisms such as bivalve mollusks. Along the Peruvian coast, however, natural conditions of low pH (7.6-8.0) are encountered in the habitat of the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), as a consequence of the nearby coastal upwelling influence. To understand the effects of low pH in a species adapted to these environmental conditions, an experiment was performed to test its consequences on growth, calcification, dissolution, and shell mechanical properties in juvenile Peruvian scallops. During 28 days, scallops (initial mean height = 14 mm) were exposed to two contrasted pH conditions: a control with unmanipulated seawater presenting pH conditions similar to those found in situ (pHT = 7.8) and a treatment, in which CO2 was injected to reduce pH to 7.4. At the end of the experiment, shell height and weight, and growth and calcification rates were reduced about 6%, 20%, 9%, and 10% respectively in the low pH treatment. Mechanical properties, such as microhardness were positively affected in the low pH condition and crushing force did not show differences between pH treatments. Final soft tissue weights were not significantly affected by low pH. This study provides evidence of low pH change shell properties increasing the shell microhardness in Peruvian scallops, which implies protective functions. However, the mechanisms behind this response need to be studied in a global change context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernesto Fernández
- Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esq. General Valle y Gamarra s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - Michelle Graco
- Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 444, Lima, Peru; Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esq. General Valle y Gamarra s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - Anibal Rozas
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Aguirre-Velarde
- Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Esq. General Valle y Gamarra s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
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19
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Donham EM, Strope LT, Hamilton SL, Kroeker KJ. Coupled changes in pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3023-3039. [PMID: 35133693 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding species' responses to upwelling may be especially important in light of ongoing environmental change. Upwelling frequency and intensity are expected to increase in the future, while ocean acidification and deoxygenation are expected to decrease the pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) of upwelled waters. However, the acute effects of a single upwelling event and the integrated effects of multiple upwelling events on marine organisms are poorly understood. Here, we use in situ measurements of pH, temperature, and DO to characterize the covariance of environmental conditions within upwelling-dominated kelp forest ecosystems. We then test the effects of acute (0-3 days) and chronic (1-3 months) upwelling on the performance of two species of kelp forest grazers, the echinoderm, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, and the gastropod, Promartynia pulligo. We exposed organisms to static conditions in a regression design to determine the shape of the relationship between upwelling and performance and provide insights into the potential effects in a variable environment. We found that respiration, grazing, growth, and net calcification decline linearly with increasing upwelling intensity for M. francicanus over both acute and chronic timescales. Promartynia pulligo exhibited decreased respiration, grazing, and net calcification with increased upwelling intensity after chronic exposure, but we did not detect an effect over acute timescales or on growth after chronic exposure. Given the highly correlated nature of pH, temperature, and DO in the California Current, our results suggest the relationship between upwelling intensity and growth in the 3-month trial could potentially be used to estimate growth integrated over long-term dynamic oceanographic conditions for M. franciscanus. Together, these results indicate current exposure to upwelling may reduce species performance and predicted future increases in upwelling frequency and intensity could affect ecosystem function by modifying the ecological roles of key species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Donham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Lauren T Strope
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott L Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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20
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Mussels Repair Shell Damage despite Limitations Imposed by Ocean Acidification. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves frequently withstand shell damage that must be quickly repaired to ensure survival. While the processes that underlie larval shell development have been extensively studied within the context of ocean acidification (OA), it remains unclear whether shell repair is impacted by elevated pCO2. To better understand the stereotypical shell repair process, we monitored mussels (Mytilus edulis) with sublethal shell damage that breached the mantle cavity within both field and laboratory conditions to characterize the deposition rate, composition, and integrity of repaired shell. Results were then compared with a laboratory experiment wherein mussels (Mytilus trossulus) repaired shell damage in one of seven pCO2 treatments (400–2500 µatm). Shell repair proceeded through distinct stages; an organic membrane first covered the damaged area (days 1–15), followed by the deposition of calcite crystals (days 22–43) and aragonite tablets (days 51–69). OA did not impact the ability of mussels to close drill holes, nor the microstructure, composition, or integrity of end-point repaired shell after 10 weeks, as measured by µCT and SEM imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and mechanical testing. However, significant interactions between pCO2, the length of exposure to treatment conditions, the strength and inorganic content of shell, and the physiological condition of mussels within OA treatments were observed. These results suggest that while OA does not prevent adult mussels from repairing or mineralizing shell, both OA and shell damage may elicit stress responses that impose energetic constraints on mussel physiology.
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21
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Fanelli E, Di Giacomo S, Gambi C, Bianchelli S, Da Ros Z, Tangherlini M, Andaloro F, Romeo T, Corinaldesi C, Danovaro R. Effects of Local Acidification on Benthic Communities at Shallow Hydrothermal Vents of the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean Sea). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020321. [PMID: 35205186 PMCID: PMC8868750 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Aeolian Islands (Mediterranean Sea) host a unique hydrothermal system called the "Smoking Land" due to the presence of over 200 volcanic CO2-vents, resulting in water acidification phenomena and the creation of an acidified benthic environment. Here, we report the results of a study conducted at three sites located at ca. 16, 40, and 80 m of depth, and characterized by CO2 emissions to assess the effects of acidification on meio- and macrobenthic assemblages. Acidification caused significant changes in both meio- and macrofaunal assemblages, with a clear decrease in terms of abundance and a shift in community composition. A noticeable reduction in biomass was observed only for macrofauna. The most sensitive meiofaunal taxa were kinorhynchs and turbellarians that disappeared at the CO2 sites, while the abundance of halacarids and ostracods increased, possibly as a result of the larger food availability and the lower predatory pressures by the sensitive meiofaunal and macrofaunal taxa. Sediment acidification also causes the disappearance of more sensitive macrofaunal taxa, such as gastropods, and the increase in tolerant taxa such as oligochaetes. We conclude that the effects of shallow CO2-vents result in the progressive simplification of community structure and biodiversity loss due to the disappearance of the most sensitive meio- and macrofaunal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simone Di Giacomo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Cristina Gambi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Silvia Bianchelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Zaira Da Ros
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Franco Andaloro
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.D.G.); (C.G.); (S.B.); (Z.D.R.); (R.D.)
- Stazione Zoologica di Napoli Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80100 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (F.A.); (T.R.)
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22
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Jahnsen-Guzmán N, Lagos NA, Quijón PA, Manríquez PH, Lardies MA, Fernández C, Reyes M, Zapata J, García-Huidobro MR, Labra FA, Duarte C. Ocean acidification alters anti-predator responses in a competitive dominant intertidal mussel. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132410. [PMID: 34600016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Widespread intertidal mussels are exposed to a variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors. Even so, our understanding of the combined influence of stressors such as predation risk and ocean acidification (OA) on these species remains limited. This study examined the response of the purple mussel (Perumytilus purpuratus), a species distributed along Pacific southeastern rocky shores, to the effects of predation risk and OA. Using a laboratory 2 × 2 cross design, purple mussels were either devoid or exposed to predator cues from the muricid snail Acanthina monodon, while simultaneously exposing them to current (500 ppm) or projected OA conditions (1500 ppm). The response of purple mussels to these factors was assessed using growth, calcification, clearance, and metabolic rates, in addition to byssus production. After 60 d, the presence of predator cues reduced mussel growth in width and length, and in the latter case, OA enhanced this response making the effects of predator cues more severe. Calcification rates were driven by the interaction between the two stressors, whereas clearance rates increased only in response to OA, likely explaining some of the growth results. Mussel byssus production also increased with pCO2 but interacted with predation risk: in the absence of predator cues, byssus production increased with OA. These results suggest that projected levels of OA may alter and in some cases prevail over the natural response of purple mussels to predation risk. Considering the role played by this mussel as a dominant competitor and ecosystem engineer in rocky shores, these results have community-wide implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jahnsen-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Marco A Lardies
- Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Reyes
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Zapata
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Roberto García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabio A Labra
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Rodríguez‐Romero A, Gaitán‐Espitía JD, Opitz T, Lardies MA. Heterogeneous environmental seascape across a biogeographic break influences the thermal physiology and tolerances to ocean acidification in an ecosystem engineer. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rodríguez‐Romero
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Peñalolén, Santiago Chile
- Green Engineering and Resources Group (GER) Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering ETSIIT Universidad de Cantabria Santander Spain
- Departamento de Química Analítica. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz Cádiz Spain
| | - Juan Diego Gaitán‐Espitía
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Tania Opitz
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Peñalolén, Santiago Chile
- Dirección de Investigación y Publicaciones Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago
| | - Marco A. Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Peñalolén, Santiago Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Socio‐Ecología Costera “SECOS” Santiago Chile
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24
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Abarca-Ortega A, Muñoz-Moya E, Pacheco Alarcón M, García-Herrera CM, Celentano DJ, Lagos NA, Lardies MA. Biomechanical Characterization of Scallop Shells Exposed to Ocean Acidification and Warming. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:813537. [PMID: 35127676 PMCID: PMC8811142 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.813537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased carbon dioxide levels (CO2) in the atmosphere triggered a cascade of physical and chemical changes in the ocean surface. Marine organisms producing carbonate shells are regarded as vulnerable to these physical (warming), and chemical (acidification) changes occurring in the oceans. In the last decade, the aquaculture production of the bivalve scallop Argopecten purpuratus (AP) showed declined trends along the Chilean coast. These negative trends have been ascribed to ecophysiological and biomineralization constraints in shell carbonate production. This work experimentally characterizes the biomechanical response of AP scallop shells subjected to climate change scenarios (acidification and warming) via quasi-static tensile and bending tests. The experimental results indicate the adaptation of mechanical properties to hostile growth scenarios in terms of temperature and water acidification. In addition, the mechanical response of the AP subjected to control climate conditions was analyzed with finite element simulations including an anisotropic elastic constitutive model for a two-fold purpose: Firstly, to calibrate the material model parameters using the tensile test curves in two mutually perpendicular directions (representative of the mechanical behavior of the material). Secondly, to validate this characterization procedure in predicting the material’s behavior in two mechanical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefano Muñoz-Moya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudio M. García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudio M. García-Herrera,
| | - Diego J. Celentano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson A. Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A. Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile
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25
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Kroeker KJ, Sanford E. Ecological Leverage Points: Species Interactions Amplify the Physiological Effects of Global Environmental Change in the Ocean. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 14:75-103. [PMID: 34416127 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-042021-051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are increasingly impacted by global environmental changes, including warming temperatures, deoxygenation, and ocean acidification. Marine scientists recognize intuitively that these environmental changes are translated into community changes via organismal physiology. However, physiology remains a black box in many ecological studies, and coexisting species in a community are often assumed to respond similarly to environmental stressors. Here, we emphasize how greater attention to physiology can improve our ability to predict the emergent effects of ocean change. In particular, understanding shifts in the intensity and outcome of species interactions such as competition and predation requires a sharpened focus on physiological variation among community members and the energetic demands and trophic mismatches generated by environmental changes. Our review also highlights how key species interactions that are sensitive to environmental change can operate as ecological leverage points through which small changes in abiotic conditions are amplified into large changes in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
| | - Eric Sanford
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, California 94923, USA;
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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26
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Guo Y, Zhou B, Sun T, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y. An Explanation Based on Energy-Related Changes for Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis Coping With Seawater Acidification. Front Physiol 2021; 12:761117. [PMID: 34721083 PMCID: PMC8551607 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.761117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As ocean acidification (OA) is gradually increasing, concerns regarding its ecological impacts on marine organisms are growing. Our previous studies have shown that seawater acidification exerted adverse effects on physiological processes of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and the aim of the present study was to obtain energy-related evidence to verify and explain our previous findings. Thus, the same acidification system (pH: 7.7 or 7.1; acidification method: HCl addition or CO2 enrichment; experimental period: 21d) was set up, and the energy-related changes were assessed. The results showed that the energy charge (EC) and the gene expressions of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) reflecting the ATP synthesis rate increased significantly after acidification treatments. What's more, the mussels exposed to acidification allocated more energy to gills and hemocytes. However, the total adenylate pool (TAP) and the final adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in M. edulis decreased significantly, especially in CO2 treatment group at pH 7.1. It was interesting to note that, TAP, ATP, and COXs gene expressions in CO2 treatment groups were all significantly lower than that in HCl treatment groups at the same pH, verifying that CO2-induced acidification exhibited more deleterious impacts on M. edulis, and ions besides H+ produced by CO2 dissolution were possible causes. In conclusion, energy-related changes in M. edulis responded actively to seawater acidification and varied with different acidification conditions, while the constraints they had at higher acidification levels suggest that M. edulis will have a limited tolerance to increasing OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianli Sun
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Beijing, China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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27
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Wang M, Chen J, Lee YH, Lee JS, Wang D. Projected near-future ocean acidification decreases mercury toxicity in marine copepods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117140. [PMID: 33930777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examined the combinational effect of ocean acidification (OA) and mercury (Hg) in the planktonic copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei in cross-factored response to different pCO2 (400, 800 μatm) and Hg (control, 1.0 and 2.5 μg/L) exposures for three generations (F0-F2), followed by single-generation recovery (F3) under clean condition. Several phenotypic traits and Hg accumulation were analyzed for F0-F3. Furthermore, shotgun-based quantitative proteomics was performed for F0 and F2. Our results showed that OA insignificantly influenced the traits. During F0-F2, combined exposure reduced Hg accumulation as compared with the counterpart Hg treatment, supporting the mitigating effect of OA on Hg toxicity in copepods. Proteomics analysis indicated that the copepods probably increased energy production/storage and stress response to ensure physiological resilience against OA. However, Hg induced many toxic events (e.g., energy depletion and degenerated organomorphogenesis/embryogenesis for F0; cell cycle arrest and detrimental stress-defense for F2), which were translated to the population-level adverse outcome, i.e., compromised growth/reproduction. Particularly, compensatory proteome response was identified (e.g., increased immune defense for F0; energetic compensation and enhanced embryogenesis for F2), accounting for a negative interaction between OA and Hg. Together, this study provides the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of OA and Hg pollution in marine copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jingyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Dazhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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28
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Khaitov V, Marchenko J, Katolikova M, Väinölä R, Kingston SE, Carlon DB, Gantsevich M, Strelkov P. Species identification based on a semi-diagnostic marker: Evaluation of a simple conchological test for distinguishing blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. and M. trossulus Gould. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249587. [PMID: 34297723 PMCID: PMC8301678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptic and hybridizing species may lack diagnostic taxonomic characters leaving researchers with semi-diagnostic ones. Identification based on such characters is probabilistic, the probability of correct identification depending on the species composition in a mixed population. Here we test the possibilities of applying a semi-diagnostic conchological character for distinguishing two cryptic species of blue mussels, Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus. These ecologically, stratigraphically and economically important molluscs co-occur and hybridize in many areas of the North Atlantic and the neighboring Arctic. Any cues for distinguishing them in sympatry without genotyping would save much research effort. Recently these species have been shown to statistically differ in the White Sea, where a simple character of the shell was used to distinguish two mussel morphotypes. In this paper, we analyzed the associations between morphotypes and species-specific genotypes based on an abundant material from the waters of the Kola Peninsula (White Sea, Barents Sea) and a more limited material from Norway, the Baltic Sea, Scotland and the Gulf of Maine. The performance of the "morphotype test" for species identification was formally evaluated using approaches from evidence-based medicine. Interspecific differences in the morphotype frequencies were ubiquitous and unidirectional, but their scale varied geographically (from 75% in the White Sea to 15% in the Baltic Sea). In addition, salinity-related variation of this character within M. edulis was revealed in the Arctic Barents Sea. For every studied region, we established relationships between the proportions of the morphotypes in the populations as well as between the proportions of the morphotypes in samples and the probabilities of mussels of different morphotypes being M. trossulus and M. edulis. We provide recommendations for the application of the morphotype test to mussels from unstudied contact zones and note that they may apply equally well to other taxa identified by semi-diagnostic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Khaitov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve, Kandalaksha, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | | | - Marina Katolikova
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmansk, Russia
| | - Risto Väinölä
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarah E. Kingston
- Department of Biology & Schiller Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, United States of America
- School of Marine Sciences and Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, Maine, United States of America
| | - David B. Carlon
- Department of Biology & Schiller Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, United States of America
| | - Michael Gantsevich
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Strelkov
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Monitoring and Conservation of Natural Arctic Ecosystems, Murmansk Arctic State University, Murmansk, Russia
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29
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Gibbs MC, Parker LM, Scanes E, Byrne M, O'Connor WA, Ross PM. Energetic lipid responses of larval oysters to ocean acidification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112441. [PMID: 33991985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will increase energetic demands on marine invertebrate larvae and make planktonic food more unpredictable. This study determined the impact of ocean acidification on larval energetics of the oysters Saccostrea glomerata and Crassostrea gigas. Larvae of both oysters were reared until the 9-day-old, umbonate stage under orthogonal combinations of ambient and elevated p CO 2 (340 and 856 μatm) and food was limited. Elevated p CO 2 reduced the survival, size and larval energetics, larvae of C. gigas being more resilient than S. glomerata. When larvae were fed, elevated p CO 2 reduced lipid levels across all lipid classes. When larvae were unfed elevated p CO 2 resulted in increased lipid levels and mortality. Ocean acidification and food will interact to limit larval energetics. Larvae of S. glomerata will be more impacted than C. gigas and this is of concern given their aquacultural status and ecological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C Gibbs
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Laura M Parker
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The University of New South Wales, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Maria Byrne
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia.
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30
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Tang Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Fan C, Shen X. Combined Effects of Temperature and Toxic Algal Abundance on Paralytic Shellfish Toxic Accumulation, Tissue Distribution and Elimination Dynamics in Mussels Mytilus coruscus. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060425. [PMID: 34204290 PMCID: PMC8235259 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of increasing seawater surface temperature (SST) and toxic algal abundance (TAA) on the accumulation, tissue distribution and elimination dynamics of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in mussels. Mytilus coruscus were fed with the PSTs-producing dinoflagellate A. catenella under four simulated environment conditions. The maximum PSTs concentration was determined to be 3548 µg STX eq.kg−1, which was four times higher than the EU regulatory limit. The increasing SST caused a significant decline in PSTs levels in mussels with rapid elimination rates, whereas high TAA increased the PSTs concentration. As a result, the PSTs toxicity levels decreased under the combined condition. Additionally, toxin burdens were assessed within shellfish tissues, with the highest levels quantified in the hepatopancreas. It is noteworthy that the toxin burden shifted towards the mantle from gill, muscle and gonad at the 17th day. Moreover, variability of PSTs was measured, and was associated with changes in each environmental factor. Hence, this study primarily illustrates the combined effects of SST and TAA on PSTs toxicity, showing that increasing environmental temperature is of benefit to lower PSTs toxicity with rapid elimination rates.
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31
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Brahmi C, Chapron L, Le Moullac G, Soyez C, Beliaeff B, Lazareth CE, Gaertner-Mazouni N, Vidal-Dupiol J. Effects of elevated temperature and pCO 2 on the respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology of the giant clam Tridacna maxima. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab041. [PMID: 34150209 PMCID: PMC8208665 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many reef organisms, such as the giant clams, are confronted with global change effects. Abnormally high seawater temperatures can lead to mass bleaching events and subsequent mortality, while ocean acidification may impact biomineralization processes. Despite its strong ecological and socio-economic importance, its responses to these threats still need to be explored. We investigated physiological responses of 4-year-old Tridacna maxima to realistic levels of temperature (+1.5°C) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (+800 μatm of CO2) predicted for 2100 in French Polynesian lagoons during the warmer season. During a 65-day crossed-factorial experiment, individuals were exposed to two temperatures (29.2°C, 30.7°C) and two pCO2 (430 μatm, 1212 μatm) conditions. The impact of each environmental parameter and their potential synergetic effect were evaluated based on respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology. Kinetics of thermal and/or acidification stress were evaluated by performing measurements at different times of exposure (29, 41, 53, 65 days). At 30.7°C, the holobiont O2 production, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density were negatively impacted. High pCO2 had a significant negative effect on shell growth rate, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density. No significant differences of the shell microstructure were observed between control and experimental conditions in the first 29 days; however, modifications (i.e. less-cohesive lamellae) appeared from 41 days in all temperature and pCO2 conditions. No significant synergetic effect was found. Present thermal conditions (29.2°C) appeared to be sufficiently stressful to induce a host acclimatization response. All these observations indicate that temperature and pCO2 are both forcing variables affecting T. maxima's physiology and jeopardize its survival under environmental conditions predicted for the end of this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Brahmi
- Univ. Polynésie française, IFREMER, ILM, IRD, EIO UMR 241, F-98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - Leila Chapron
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gilles Le Moullac
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Claude Soyez
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Benoît Beliaeff
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Claire E Lazareth
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 Rue Buffon, CP53, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni
- Univ. Polynésie française, IFREMER, ILM, IRD, EIO UMR 241, F-98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier France
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32
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Roberts EA, Newcomb LA, McCartha MM, Harrington KJ, LaFramboise SA, Carrington E, Sebens KP. Resource allocation to a structural biomaterial: Induced production of byssal threads decreases growth of a marine mussel. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Roberts
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor WA USA
| | - Laura A. Newcomb
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor WA USA
| | | | | | - Sam A. LaFramboise
- Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor WA USA
| | - Emily Carrington
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor WA USA
| | - Kenneth P. Sebens
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington Friday Harbor WA USA
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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Santos CA, Sonoda GG, Cortez T, Coutinho LL, Andrade SCS. Transcriptome Expression of Biomineralization Genes in Littoraria flava Gastropod in Brazilian Rocky Shore Reveals Evidence of Local Adaptation. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6171147. [PMID: 33720344 PMCID: PMC8070887 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how selection shapes population differentiation and local adaptation in marine species remains one of the greatest challenges in the field of evolutionary biology. The selection of genes in response to environment-specific factors and microenvironmental variation often results in chaotic genetic patchiness, which is commonly observed in rocky shore organisms. To identify these genes, the expression profile of the marine gastropod Littoraria flava collected from four Southeast Brazilian locations in ten rocky shore sites was analyzed. In this first L. flava transcriptome, 250,641 unigenes were generated, and 24% returned hits after functional annotation. Independent paired comparisons between 1) transects, 2) sites within transects, and 3) sites from different transects were performed for differential expression, detecting 8,622 unique differentially expressed genes. Araçá (AR) and São João (SJ) transect comparisons showed the most divergent gene products. For local adaptation, fitness-related differentially expressed genes were chosen for selection tests. Nine and 24 genes under adaptative and purifying selection, respectively, were most related to biomineralization in AR and chaperones in SJ. The biomineralization-genes perlucin and gigasin-6 were positively selected exclusively in the site toward the open ocean in AR, with sequence variants leading to pronounced protein structure changes. Despite an intense gene flow among L. flava populations due to its planktonic larva, gene expression patterns within transects may be the result of selective pressures. Our findings represent the first step in understanding how microenvironmental genetic variation is maintained in rocky shore populations and the mechanisms underlying local adaptation in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A Santos
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Sonoda
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thainá Cortez
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Departamento de Ciência Animal, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lassoued J, Padín XA, Comeau LA, Bejaoui N, Pérez FF, Babarro JMF. The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: responses to climate change scenarios as a function of the original habitat. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coaa114. [PMID: 33569174 PMCID: PMC7859593 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of simulated seawater acidification and warming conditions on specimens of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis locally adapted to very distinct, widely separated sites in the Mediterranean Sea (Tunisia) and Atlantic Sea (Galicia, NW Spain) was evaluated in relation to key behavioural and eco-physiological parameters. Over the 2-month exposure to the experimental conditions, mussels were fed optimally to ensure that there are no synergistic interactions between climate change drivers and energetic status of the individuals. In general, regardless of origin (Atlantic or Mediterranean), the mussels were rather resilient to acidification for most of the parameters considered and they were able to grow in strongly acidified seawater through an increased feeding activity. However, shell strength decreased (40%) consistently in both mussel populations held in moderately and highly acidified seawater. The observed reduction in shell strength was not explained by slight alterations in organic matter, shell thickness or aragonite:calcite ratio. The combined effects of high acidification and warming on the key response of byssus strength caused a strong decline in mussel performance, although only in Galician mussels, in which the valve opening time decreased sharply as well as condition index (soft tissue state) and shell growth. By contrast, the observed negative effect of highly acidified scenario on the strength of Tunisian mussel shells was (partly but not totally) counterbalanced by the higher seawater temperature. Eco-physiological and behavioural interactions in mussels in relation to climate change are complex, and future scenarios for the ecology of the species and also the feasibility of cultivating them in Atlantic and Mediterranean zones are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Lassoued
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, INAT, Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - X A Padín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Luc A Comeau
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Nejla Bejaoui
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, INAT, Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Annexe La Goulette Port de Pêche, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Fiz F Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Jose M F Babarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
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Martins M, Carreiro-Silva M, Martins GM, Barcelos E Ramos J, Viveiros F, Couto RP, Parra H, Monteiro J, Gallo F, Silva C, Teodósio A, Guilini K, Hall-Spencer JM, Leitão F, Chícharo L, Range P. Ervilia castanea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) populations adversely affected at CO 2 seeps in the North Atlantic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142044. [PMID: 33254890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sites with naturally high CO2 conditions provide unique opportunities to forecast the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to ocean acidification, by studying the biological responses and potential adaptations to this increased environmental variability. In this study, we investigated the bivalve Ervilia castanea in coastal sandy sediments at reference sites and at volcanic CO2 seeps off the Azores, where the pH of bottom waters ranged from average oceanic levels of 8.2, along gradients, down to 6.81, in carbonated seawater at the seeps. The bivalve population structure changed markedly at the seeps. Large individuals became less abundant as seawater CO2 levels rose and were completely absent from the most acidified sites. In contrast, small bivalves were most abundant at the CO2 seeps. We propose that larvae can settle and initially live in high abundances under elevated CO2 levels, but that high rates of post-settlement dispersal and/or mortality occur. Ervilia castanea were susceptible to elevated CO2 levels and these effects were consistently associated with lower food supplies. This raises concerns about the effects of ocean acidification on the brood stock of this species and other bivalve molluscs with similar life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental - Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Carreiro-Silva
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar & OKEANOS Research Unit, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | - Fátima Viveiros
- Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Ruben P Couto
- cE3c - Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Hugo Parra
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar & OKEANOS Research Unit, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - João Monteiro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Francesca Gallo
- IITAA - University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Center for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Teodósio
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Katja Guilini
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Francisco Leitão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Range
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Ndhlovu A, McQuaid CD, Monaco CJ. Ectoparasites reduce scope for growth in a rocky-shore mussel (Perna perna) by raising maintenance costs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142020. [PMID: 32911171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endolithic cyanobacteria are ubiquitous colonisers of organic and inorganic carbonate substrata that frequently attack the shells of mussels, eroding the shell to extract carbon, often with population infestation rates of >80%. This reduces host physiological condition and ultimately leads to shell collapse and mortality, compromising the services provided by these important ecosystem engineers. While the ecological implications of this and similar interactions have been examined, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving the physiological responses of infested hosts remains limited. Using field and laboratory experiments, we assessed the energetic costs of cyanobacterial infestation to the intertidal brown mussel (Perna perna). In the field we found that growth (measured as both increase in shell length and rate of biomineralization) and reproductive potential of clean mussels are greater than those of infested individuals. To explore the mechanisms behind these effects, we compared the energy allocation of parasite-free and infested mussels using the scope for growth (SFG) framework. This revealed a lower SFG in parasitized mussels attributed to an energetic imbalance caused by increased standard metabolic rates, without compensation through increased feeding or reduced excretion of ammonia. Separate laboratory assays showed no differences in calcium uptake rates, indicating that infested mussels do not compensate for shell erosion through increased mineralization. This suggests that the increased maintenance costs detected reflect repair of the organic component of the inner nacreous layer of the shell, an energetically more demanding process than mineralization. Thus, parasite-inflicted damage reduces SFG directly through the need for increased basal metabolic rate to drive shell repair without compensatory increases in energy intake. This study provides a first perspective of the physiological mechanisms underlying this parasite-host interaction, a critical step towards a comprehensive understanding of the ecological processes driving dynamics of this intertidal ecosystem engineer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldwin Ndhlovu
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Cristián J Monaco
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ Polynésie française, EIO, Taravao, F-98719 Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
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Bullard EM, Torres I, Ren T, Graeve OA, Roy K. Shell mineralogy of a foundational marine species, Mytilus californianus, over half a century in a changing ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2004769118. [PMID: 33431664 PMCID: PMC7826377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004769118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic warming and ocean acidification are predicted to negatively affect marine calcifiers. While negative effects of these stressors on physiology and shell calcification have been documented in many species, their effects on shell mineralogical composition remains poorly known, especially over longer time periods. Here, we quantify changes in the shell mineralogy of a foundation species, Mytilus californianus, under 60 y of ocean warming and acidification. Using historical data as a baseline and a resampling of present-day populations, we document a substantial increase in shell calcite and decrease in aragonite. These results indicate that ocean pH and saturation state, not temperature or salinity, play a strong role in mediating the shell mineralogy of this species and reveal long-term changes in this trait under ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bullard
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116;
| | - Ivan Torres
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
| | - Tianqi Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
| | - Olivia A Graeve
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411
| | - Kaustuv Roy
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116
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38
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Jahnsen-Guzmán N, Lagos NA, Lardies MA, Vargas CA, Fernández C, San Martín VA, Saavedra L, Cuevas LA, Quijón PA, Duarte C. Environmental refuges increase performance of juvenile mussels Mytilus chilensis: Implications for mussel seedling and farming strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141723. [PMID: 32892078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine ecosystems are characterized by a wide physical-chemical variation that in the context of global change scenarios may be exacerbated in the future. The fitness of resident organisms is expected to be influenced by such variation and, hence, its study is a priority. Some of that variation relates to water vertical stratification, which may create "environmental refuges" or distinct layers of water with conditions favoring the fitness of some individuals and species. This study explored the performance of juvenile mussels (M. chilensis) settled in two distinctive water depths (1 m and 4 m) of the Reloncaví fjord (southern Chile) by conducting a reciprocal transplants experiment. Salinity, saturation state and the contents of CO3 in seawater were among the factors that best explained the differences between the two layers. In such environmental conditions, the mussel traits that responded to such variation were growth and calcification rates, with significantly higher values at 4 m deep, whereas the opposite, increased metabolic stress, was higher in mussels raised and transplanted to the surface waters (1 m). Such differences support the notion of an environmental refuge, where species like mussels can find better growth conditions and achieve higher performance levels. These results are relevant considering the importance of M. chilensis as a shellfish resource for aquaculture and a habitat forming species. In addition, these results shed light on the variable responses exhibited by estuarine organisms to small-scale changes in the characteristics of the water column, which in turn will help to better understand the responses of the organisms to the projected scenarios of climate global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jahnsen-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - N A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M A Lardies
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Vargas
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Coastal Ecosystems & Global Environmental Change Lab (ECCA Lab), Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, & Environmental Sciences Center EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Fernández
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - V A San Martín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Coastal Ecosystems & Global Environmental Change Lab (ECCA Lab), Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, & Environmental Sciences Center EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - L Saavedra
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Coastal Ecosystems & Global Environmental Change Lab (ECCA Lab), Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, & Environmental Sciences Center EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - L Antonio Cuevas
- Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Coastal Ecosystems & Global Environmental Change Lab (ECCA Lab), Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, & Environmental Sciences Center EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - P A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - C Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Study of Multiple-Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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Kroeker KJ, Powell C, Donham EM. Windows of vulnerability: Seasonal mismatches in exposure and resource identity determine ocean acidification's effect on a primary consumer at high latitude. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 27:1042-1051. [PMID: 33350027 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well understood that differences in the cues used by consumers and their resources in fluctuating environments can give rise to trophic mismatches governing the emergent effects of global change. Trophic mismatches caused by changes in consumer energetics during periods of low resource availability have received far less attention, although this may be common for consumers during winter when primary producers are limited by light. Even less is understood about these dynamics in marine ecosystems, where consumers must cope with energetically costly changes in CO2 -driven carbonate chemistry that will be most pronounced in cold temperatures. This may be especially important for calcified marine herbivores, such as the pinto abalone (Haliotis kamschatkana). H. kamschatkana are of high management concern in the North Pacific due to the active recreational fishery and their importance among traditional cultures, and research suggests they may require more energy to maintain their calcified shells and acid/base balance with ocean acidification. Here we use field surveys to demonstrate seasonal mismatches in the exposure of marine consumers to low pH and algal resource identity during winter in a subpolar, marine ecosystem. We then use these data to test how the effects of exposure to seasonally relevant pH conditions on H. kamschatkana are mediated by seasonal resource identity. We find that exposure to projected future winter pH conditions decreases metabolism and growth, and this effect on growth is pronounced when their diet is limited to the algal species available during winter. Our results suggest that increases in the energetic demands of pinto abalone caused by ocean acidification during winter will be exacerbated by seasonal shifts in their resources. These findings have profound implications for other marine consumers and highlight the importance of considering fluctuations in exposure and resources when inferring the emergent effects of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Powell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Emily M Donham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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40
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Cuttlefish Buoyancy in Response to Food Availability and Ocean Acidification. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070147. [PMID: 32630264 PMCID: PMC7407613 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is expected to continue rising by 2100, leading to a decrease in ocean pH in a process known as ocean acidification (OA). OA can have a direct impact on calcifying organisms, including on the cuttlebone of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Moreover, nutritional status has also been shown to affect the cuttlebone structure and potentially affect buoyancy. Here, we aimed to understand the combined effects of OA (980 μatm CO2) and food availability (fed vs. non-fed) on the buoyancy of cuttlefish newborns and respective cuttlebone weight/area ratio (as a proxy for calcification). Our results indicate that while OA elicited negative effects on hatching success, it did not negatively affect the cuttlebone weight/area ratio of the hatchlings-OA led to an increase in cuttlebone weight/area ratio of fed newborns (but not in unfed individuals). The proportion of "floating" (linked to buoyancy control loss) newborns was greatest under starvation, regardless of the CO2 treatment, and was associated with a drop in cuttlebone weight/area ratio. Besides showing that cuttlefish buoyancy is unequivocally affected by starvation, here, we also highlight the importance of nutritional condition to assess calcifying organisms' responses to ocean acidification.
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Navarro JM, Villanueva P, Rocha N, Torres R, Chaparro OR, Benítez S, Andrade-Villagrán PV, Alarcón E. Plastic response of the oyster Ostrea chilensis to temperature and pCO2 within the present natural range of variability. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234994. [PMID: 32598370 PMCID: PMC7323991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estuaries are characterized by high fluctuation of their environmental conditions. Environmental parameters measured show that the seawater properties of the Quempillén estuary (i.e. temperature, salinity, pCO2, pH and ΩCaCO3) were highly fluctuating and related with season and tide. We test the effects of increasing temperature and pCO2 in the seawater on the physiological energetics of the bivalve Ostrea chilensis. Juvenile oysters were exposed to an orthogonal combination of three temperatures (10, 15, and 20°C) and two pCO2 levels (~400 and ~1000 μatm) for a period of 60 days to evaluate the temporal effect (i.e. 10, 20, 30, 60 days) on the physiological rates of the oysters. Results indicated a significant effect of temperature and time of exposure on the clearance rate, while pCO2 and the interaction between pCO2 and the other factors studied did not show significant effects. Significant effects of temperature and time of exposure were also observed on the absorption rate, but not the pCO2 nor its interaction with other factors studied. Oxygen consumption was significantly affected by pCO2, temperature and time. Scope for growth was only significantly affected by time; despite this, the highest values were observed for individuals subject to to 20°C and to ~1000 μatm pCO2. In this study, Ostrea chilensis showed high phenotypic plasticity to respond to the high levels of temperature and pCO2 experienced in its habitat as no negative physiological effects were observed. Thus, the highly variable conditions of this organism’s environment could select for individuals that are more resistant to future scenarios of climate change, mainly to warming and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Paola Villanueva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Rocha
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Oscar R. Chaparro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Samanta Benítez
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola V. Andrade-Villagrán
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Emilio Alarcón
- Centro Fondap de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Proves that Manila Clam Farming (Ruditapes Philippinarum) is a Fully Sustainable Aquaculture Practice and a Carbon Sink. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum, Adams and Reeve, 1850) farming is a quantitatively important and valuable form of aquaculture production worldwide but, to our best knowledge, no life cycle assessments (LCA) have been undertaken on it. However, being a filter feeder and producing a thick shell during the growing cycle, the capacity of Manila clam to remove nutrients, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous from the marine environment potentially has some positive effects on the environment. This study was performed in the Sacca di Goro lagoon, located in the southernmost part of the Po River Delta, in the northwestern Adriatic Sea. The LCA of clam farming from a cradle-to-gate perspective have been carried out, including the production stages as seed procuring, sowing, harvesting, depuration and packaging to obtain 1 ton of fresh ready-to-sell clams. The results show that area preparation, fuel combustion and plastic bags were the main contributors to the environmental impacts. The potential capability as a carbon sink of 1 ton of clams has been calculated and the effects on eutrophication reduction by fixing nitrogen and phosphorous in shells, with a net sequestration of 444.55 kg of CO2, 1.54 kg of N and 0.31 kg of P per year.
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Brown NEM, Bernhardt JR, Harley CDG. Energetic context determines species and community responses to ocean acidification. Ecology 2020; 101:e03073. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norah E. M. Brown
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
| | - Joey R. Bernhardt
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
| | - Christopher D. G. Harley
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
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44
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Ocean acidification and dynamic energy budget models: Parameterisation and simulations for the green-lipped mussel. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Crane RL, Denny MW. Mechanical fatigue fractures bivalve shells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/10/jeb220277. [PMID: 32461264 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mollusk shells protect against diverse environmental and predatory physical threats, from one-time impacts to chronic, low-magnitude stresses. The effectiveness of shells as armor is often quantified with a test of shell strength: increasing force is applied until catastrophic fracture. This test does not capture the potential role of fatigue, a process by which chronic or repeated, low-magnitude forces weaken and break a structure. We quantified the strength and fatigue resistance of California mussel (Mytilus californianus) shells. Shells were fatigue tested until catastrophic failure by either loading a valve repeatedly to a set force (cyclic) or loading a valve under constant force (static). Valves fatigued under both cyclic and static loading, i.e. subcritical forces broke valves when applied repeatedly or for long durations. Stronger and more fatigue-resistant valves tended to be more massive, relatively wider and the right-hand valve. Furthermore, after accounting for the valves' predicted strength, fatigue resistance curves for cyclic and static loading did not differ, suggesting that fatigue fracture of mussels is more dependent on force duration than number of cycles. Contextualizing fatigue resistance with the forces mussels typically experience clarifies the range of threats for which fatigue becomes relevant. Some predators could rely on fatigue, and episodic events like large wave impacts or failed predation attempts could weaken shells across long time scales. Quantifying shell fatigue resistance when considering the ecology of shelled organisms or the evolution of shell form offers a perspective that accounts for the accumulating damage of a lifetime of threats, large and small.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Crane
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - M W Denny
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zong Y, Zheng Y, Liu C, Kong N, Gao Q, Wang L, Song L. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the alteration of energy metabolism in oyster larvae during initial shell formation and under experimental ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6111. [PMID: 32273532 PMCID: PMC7145846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bivalves secrete calcified shells to protect their soft bodies from predation and damages, which is of great importance for their survival, and for the safety of the coastal ecosystem. In recent years, larval shell formation of marine bivalves has been severely affected by ocean acidification (OA), and previous study indicated that OA might affect such process by disrupting endogenous energy metabolism. Developmental stages from trochophore to D-shape larvae are extremely important for initial shell formation in oyster since a calcified shell was formed to cover the chitin one. In the present study, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches were employed to investigate the energy metabolism of oyster larvae during initial shell (prodissoconch I, PDI shell) formation and under experimental OA treatment. Totally 230 chemical compounds were identified from the present dataset, most of which were highly expressed in the “middle” stage (early D-shape larvae) which was critical for PDI shell formation since a calcified shell was formed to cover the chitin one. Several compounds such as glucose, glutarylcarnitine (C5), β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine, 5-methylthioadenosine (MTA), myristoleate (14:1n5) and palmitoleate (16:1n7) were identified, which were involved in energy metabolic processes including amino acid oxidation, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, mRNA expressions of genes related to protein metabolism, glycolysis, lipid degradation, calcium transport and organic matrix formation activities were significantly down-regulated upon experimental OA. These results collectively suggested that formation of the initial shell in oyster larvae required endogenous energy coming from amino acid oxidation, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism. These metabolic activities could be severely inhibited by experimental OA, which might alter the allocation of endogenous energy. Insufficient endogenous energy supply then suppressed the mobilization of calcium and resulted in a failure or delay in PDI shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yanan Zong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Stewart‐Sinclair PJ, Last KS, Payne BL, Wilding TA. A global assessment of the vulnerability of shellfish aquaculture to climate change and ocean acidification. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3518-3534. [PMID: 32274006 PMCID: PMC7141013 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced climate change and ocean acidification (CC-OA) is changing the physical and biological processes occurring within the marine environment, with poorly understood implications for marine life. Within the aquaculture sector, molluskan culture is a relatively benign method of producing a high-quality, healthy, and sustainable protein source for the expanding human population. We modeled the vulnerability of global bivalve mariculture to impacts of CC-OA over the period 2020-2100, under RCP8.5. Vulnerability, assessed at the national level, was dependent on CC-OA-related exposure, taxon-specific sensitivity and adaptive capacity in the sector. Exposure risk increased over time from 2020 to 2100, with ten nations predicted to experience very high exposure to CC-OA in at least one decade during the period 2020-2100. Predicted high sensitivity in developing countries resulted, primarily, from the cultivation of species that have a narrow habitat tolerance, while in some European nations (France, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) high sensitivity was attributable to the relatively high economic value of the shellfish production sector. Predicted adaptive capacity was low in developing countries primarily due to governance issues, while in some developed countries (Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) it was linked to limited species diversity in the sector. Developing and least developed nations (n = 15) were predicted to have the highest overall vulnerability. Across all nations, 2060 was identified as a tipping point where predicted CC-OA will be associated with the greatest challenge to shellfish production. However, rapid declines in mollusk production are predicted to occur in the next decade for some nations, notably North Korea. Shellfish culture offers human society a low-impact source of sustainable protein. This research highlights, on a global scale, the likely extent and nature of the CC-OA-related threat to shellfish culture and this sector enabling early-stage adaption and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim S. Last
- The Scottish Association for Marine ScienceScottish Marine InstituteObanUK
| | | | - Thomas A. Wilding
- The Scottish Association for Marine ScienceScottish Marine InstituteObanUK
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48
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Oliveira IB, Freitas DB, Fonseca JG, Laranjeiro F, Rocha RJM, Hinzmann M, Machado J, Barroso CM, Galante-Oliveira S. Vulnerability of Tritia reticulata (L.) early life stages to ocean acidification and warming. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5325. [PMID: 32210337 PMCID: PMC7093509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming (OA-W) result mainly from the absorption of carbon dioxide and heat by the oceans, altering its physical and chemical properties and affecting carbonate secretion by marine calcifiers such as gastropods. These processes are ongoing, and the projections of their aggravation are not encouraging. This work assesses the concomitant effect of the predicted pH decrease and temperature rise on early life stages of the neogastropod Tritia reticulata (L.), a common scavenger of high ecological importance on coastal ecosystems of the NE Atlantic. Veligers were exposed for 14 days to 12 OA-W experimental scenarios generated by a factorial design of three pH levels (targeting 8.1, 7.8 and 7.5) at four temperatures (16, 18, 20 and 22 °C). Results reveal effects of both pH and temperature (T °C) on larval development, growth, shell integrity and survival, individually or interactively at different exposure times. All endpoints were initially driven by pH, with impaired development and high mortalities being recorded in the first week, constrained by the most acidic scenarios (pHtarget 7.5). Development was also significantly driven by T °C, and its acceleration with warming was observed for the remaining exposure time. Still, by the end of this 2-weeks trial, larval performance and survival were highly affected by the interaction between pH and T °C: growth under warming was evident but only for T °C ≤ 20 °C and carbonate saturation (pHtarget ≥ 7.8). In fact, carbonate undersaturation rendered critical larval mortality (100%) at 22 °C, and the occurrence of extremely vulnerable, unshelled specimens in all other tested temperatures. As recruitment cohorts are the foundation for future populations, our results point towards the extreme vulnerability of this species in case tested scenarios become effective that, according to the IPCC, are projected for the northern hemisphere, where this species is ubiquitous, by the end of the century. Increased veliger mortality associated with reduced growth rates, shell dissolution and loss under OA-W projected scenarios will reduce larval performance, jeopardizing T. reticulata subsistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel B Oliveira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela B Freitas
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana G Fonseca
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipe Laranjeiro
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui J M Rocha
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Hinzmann
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, ICBAS, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Barroso
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Galante-Oliveira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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49
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Zhao X, Han Y, Chen B, Xia B, Qu K, Liu G. CO 2-driven ocean acidification weakens mussel shell defense capacity and induces global molecular compensatory responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125415. [PMID: 31770697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 is reducing seawater pH and shifting carbonate chemistry within, a process termed as ocean acidification (OA). Marine mussels are a family of ecologically and economically significant bivalves that are widely distributed along coastal areas worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that OA greatly disrupts mussels' physiological functions. However, the underlying molecular responses (e.g., whether there were any molecular compensation mechanisms) and the extent to which OA affects mussel shell defense capacity remain largely unknown. In this study, the thick shell mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed to the ambient pH (8.1) or one of two lowered pH levels (7.8 and 7.4) for 40 days. The results suggest that future OA will damage shell structure and weaken shell strength and shell closure strength, ultimately reducing mussel shell defense capacity. In addition, future OA will also disrupt haemolymph pH and Ca2+ homeostasis, leading to extracellular acidosis and Ca2+ deficiency. Mantle transcriptome analyses indicate that mussels will adopt a series of molecular compensatory responses to mitigate these adverse effects; nevertheless, weakened shell defense capacity will increase mussels' susceptibility to predators, parasites and pathogens, and thereby reduce their fitness. Overall, the findings of this study have significant ecological and economic implications, and will enhance our understanding of the future of the mussel aquaculture industry and coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environment Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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50
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Yen Le TT, García MR, Grabner D, Nachev M, Balsa-Canto E, Hendriks AJ, Zimmermann S, Sures B. Mechanistic simulation of bioconcentration kinetics of waterborne Cd, Ag, Pd, and Pt in the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:124967. [PMID: 31677506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic models based on chemical properties of metals and body size have received substantial attention for their potential application to various metals and to different conditions without required calibration. This advantage has been demonstrated for a number of metals, such as Cd and Ag. However, the capacity of metal-specific chemical properties to explain variations in the accumulation for platinum-group elements (PGEs) has not been investigated yet, although emission of these metals is of increasing concern. Once being released, PGEs exist in the environment in mixtures with other metals. The present study attempted to model the accumulation of Pd and Pt in mixtures with Ag and Cd in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) from the aqueous phase; and to investigate the potential application of mechanistic models to Pd and Pt. The present study showed statistically insignificant differences in metal accumulation among size groups in a narrow range of shell length (16-22 mm). Kinetic models could simulate well the accumulation of Cd, Ag, and Pt when metal-specific responses of zebra mussels are taken into consideration. These responses include enhanced immobilisation as a detoxifying mechanism and exchange between soft tissues and shells via the extrapallial fluid. Environmental conditions, e.g. the presence of abiotic ligands such as chloride, might also play an important role in metal accumulation. Significant relationships between the absorption efficiency and the covalent index indicate the potential application of mechanistic models based on this chemical property to Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yen Le
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany.
| | - Míriam R García
- Process Engineering Group, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, 36208, Spain
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
| | - Milen Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
| | - Eva Balsa-Canto
- Process Engineering Group, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, 36208, Spain
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6525, HP, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zimmermann
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, D-45141, Germany
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