1
|
Li H, Pinette M, Smith G, Goolia M, Handel K, Nebroski M, Lung O, Pickering BS. Distinguishing host responses, extensive viral dissemination and long-term viral RNA persistence in domestic sheep experimentally infected with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Kosovo Hoti. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2302103. [PMID: 38189080 PMCID: PMC10810640 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne, risk group 4 pathogen that often causes a severe haemorrhagic disease in humans (CCHF) with high case fatality rates. The virus is believed to be maintained in a tick-vertebrate-tick ecological cycle involving numerous wild and domestic animal species; however the biology of CCHFV infection in these animals remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally infect domestic sheep with CCHFV Kosovo Hoti, a clinical isolate representing high pathogenicity to humans and increasingly utilized in current research. In the absence of prominent clinical signs, the infection leads to an acute viremia and coinciding viral shedding, fever and markers for potential impairment in liver and kidney functions. A number of host responses distinguish the subclinical infection in sheep versus fatal infection in humans. These include an early reduction of neutrophil recruitment and its chemoattractant, IL-8, in the blood stream of infected sheep, whereas neutrophil infiltration and elevated IL-8 are features of fatal CCHFV infections reported in immunodeficient mice and humans. Several inflammatory cytokines that correlate with poor disease outcomes in humans and have potential to cause vascular dysfunction, a primary hallmark of severe CCHF, are down-regulated or restricted from increasing in sheep. Of particular interest, the detection of CCHFV RNA (including full-length genome) in a variety of sheep tissues long after the acute phase of infection indicates a widespread viral dissemination in the host and suggests a potentially long-term persisting impact of CCHFV infection. These findings reveal previously unrecognized aspects of CCHFV biology in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Greg Smith
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bradley S. Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monteil VM, Wright SC, Dyczynski M, Kellner MJ, Appelberg S, Platzer SW, Ibrahim A, Kwon H, Pittarokoilis I, Mirandola M, Michlits G, Devignot S, Elder E, Abdurahman S, Bereczky S, Bagci B, Youhanna S, Aastrup T, Lauschke VM, Salata C, Elaldi N, Weber F, Monserrat N, Hawman DW, Feldmann H, Horn M, Penninger JM, Mirazimi A. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus uses LDLR to bind and enter host cells. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1499-1512. [PMID: 38548922 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and population densities accelerated transmission of highly pathogenic viruses to humans, including the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Here we report that the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) is a critical receptor for CCHFV cell entry, playing a vital role in CCHFV infection in cell culture and blood vessel organoids. The interaction between CCHFV and LDLR is highly specific, with other members of the LDLR protein family failing to bind to or neutralize the virus. Biosensor experiments demonstrate that LDLR specifically binds the surface glycoproteins of CCHFV. Importantly, mice lacking LDLR exhibit a delay in CCHFV-induced disease. Furthermore, we identified the presence of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) on CCHFV particles. Our findings highlight the essential role of LDLR in CCHFV infection, irrespective of ApoE presence, when the virus is produced in tick cells. This discovery holds profound implications for the development of future therapies against CCHFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Monteil
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shane C Wright
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matheus Dyczynski
- Acus Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany
- JLP Health GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Max J Kellner
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian W Platzer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Biocenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hyesoo Kwon
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Mattia Mirandola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stephanie Devignot
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Binnur Bagci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Nuria Monserrat
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David W Hawman
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Moritz Horn
- Acus Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany
- JLP Health GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai S, Min YQ, Li Q, Feng K, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Ren F, Fang Y, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Wang M, Wang H, Deng F, Ning YJ. Interactome profiling of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoproteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7365. [PMID: 37963884 PMCID: PMC10646030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a biosafety level-4 pathogen requiring urgent research and development efforts. The glycoproteins of CCHFV, Gn and Gc, are considered to play multiple roles in the viral life cycle by interactions with host cells; however, these interactions remain largely unclear to date. Here, we analyzed the cellular interactomes of CCHFV glycoproteins and identified 45 host proteins as high-confidence Gn/Gc interactors. These host molecules are involved in multiple cellular biological processes potentially associated with the physiological actions of the viral glycoproteins. Then, we elucidated the role of a representative cellular protein, HAX1. HAX1 interacts with Gn by its C-terminus, while its N-terminal region leads to mitochondrial localization. By the strong interaction, HAX1 sequestrates Gn to mitochondria, thus depriving Gn of its normal Golgi localization that is required for functional glycoprotein-mediated progeny virion packaging. Consistently, the inhibitory activity of HAX1 against viral packaging and hence propagation was further elucidated in the contexts of pseudotyped and authentic CCHFV infections in cellular and animal models. Together, the findings provide a systematic CCHFV Gn/Gc-cell protein-protein interaction map, but also unravel a HAX1/mitochondrion-associated host antiviral mechanism, which may facilitate further studies on CCHFV biology and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Zhenyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Cunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Fuli Ren
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Yaohui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ozdarendeli A. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus: Progress in Vaccine Development. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2708. [PMID: 37627967 PMCID: PMC10453274 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the Nairoviridae family and Bunyavirales order, is transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with the blood of infected animals. It can cause severe symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever, with a mortality rate between 5 to 30%. CCHFV is classified as a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to its high fatality rate and the absence of effective medical countermeasures. CCHFV is endemic in several regions across the world, including Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, and has the potential for global spread. The emergence of the disease in new areas, as well as the presence of the tick vector in countries without reported cases, emphasizes the need for preventive measures to be taken. In the past, the lack of a suitable animal model susceptible to CCHFV infection has been a major obstacle in the development of vaccines and treatments. However, recent advances in biotechnology and the availability of suitable animal models have significantly expedited the development of vaccines against CCHF. These advancements have not only contributed to an enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of CCHF but have also facilitated the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. This review outlines the immune response to CCHFV and animal models utilized for the study of CCHFV and highlights the progress made in CCHFV vaccine studies. Despite remarkable advancements in vaccine development for CCHFV, it remains crucial to prioritize continued research, collaboration, and investment in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye;
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li H, Smith G, Goolia M, Marszal P, Pickering BS. Comparative characterization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus cell culture systems with application to propagation and titration methods. Virol J 2023; 20:128. [PMID: 37337294 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a biosafety level 4 and World Health Organization top priority pathogen. Infection leads to an often fatal hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. The tick-borne virus is endemic in countries across Asia, Europe and Africa, with signs of spreading into new regions. Despite the severity of disease and the potential of CCHFV geographic expansion to cause widespread outbreaks, no approved vaccine or treatment is currently available. Critical for basic research and the development of diagnostics or medical countermeasures, CCHFV viral stocks are commonly produced in Vero E6 and SW-13 cell lines. While a variety of in-house methods are being used across different laboratories, there has been no clear, specific consensus on a standard, optimal system for CCHFV growth and titration. In this study, we perform a systematic, side-by-side characterization of Vero E6 and SW-13 cell lines concerning the replication kinetics of CCHFV under different culture conditions. SW-13 cells are typically cultured in a CO2-free condition (SW-13 CO2-) according to the American Type Culture Collection. However, we identify a CO2-compatible culture condition (SW-13 CO2+) that demonstrates the highest viral load (RNA concentration) and titer (infectious virus concentration) in the culture supernatants, in comparison to SW-13 CO2- and Vero E6 cultures. This optimal viral propagation system also leads to the development of two titration methods: an immunostaining-based plaque assay using a commercial CCHFV antibody and a colorimetric readout, and an antibody staining-free, cytopathic effect-based median tissue culture infectious dose assay using a simple excel calculator. These are anticipated to serve as a basis for a reproducible, standardized and user-friendly platform for CCHFV propagation and titration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Greg Smith
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Marszal
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bradley S Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne illness with a wide geographical distribution and case fatality rates of 30% or higher. Caused by infection with the CCHF virus (CCHFV), cases are reported throughout Africa, the Middle East, Asia and southern and eastern Europe. The expanding range of the Hyalomma tick vector is placing new populations at risk for CCHF, and no licensed vaccines or specific antivirals exist to treat CCHF. Furthermore, despite cases of CCHF being reported annually, the host and viral determinants of CCHFV pathogenesis are poorly understood. CCHFV can productively infect a multitude of animal species, yet only humans develop a severe illness. Within human populations, subclinical infections are underappreciated and may represent a substantial proportion of clinical outcomes. Compared with other members of the Bunyavirales order, CCHFV has a more complex genomic organization, with many viral proteins having unclear functions in viral pathogenesis. In recent years, improved animal models have led to increased insights into CCHFV pathogenesis, and several antivirals and vaccines for CCHFV have shown robust efficacy in preclinical models. Translation of these insights and candidate therapeutics to the clinic will hopefully reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by CCHFV.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mo Q, Feng K, Dai S, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Ali A, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Transcriptome profiling highlights regulated biological processes and type III interferon antiviral responses upon Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Virol Sin 2023; 38:34-46. [PMID: 36075566 PMCID: PMC10006212 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogen that causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) characterized by hemorrhagic manifestation, multiple organ failure and high mortality rate, posing great threat to public health. Despite the recently increasing research efforts on CCHFV, host cell responses associated with CCHFV infection remain to be further characterized. Here, to better understand the cellular response to CCHFV infection, we performed a transcriptomic analysis in human kidney HEK293 cells by high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. In total, 496 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 361 up-regulated and 135 down-regulated genes, were identified in CCHFV-infected cells. These regulated genes were mainly involved in host processes including defense response to virus, response to stress, regulation of viral process, immune response, metabolism, stimulus, apoptosis and protein catabolic process. Therein, a significant up-regulation of type III interferon (IFN) signaling pathway as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response was especially remarkable. Subsequently, representative DEGs from these processes were well validated by RT-qPCR, confirming the RNA-seq results and the typical regulation of IFN responses and ER stress by CCHFV. Furthermore, we demonstrate that not only type I but also type III IFNs (even at low dosages) have substantial anti-CCHFV activities. Collectively, the data may provide new and comprehensive insights into the virus-host interactions and particularly highlights the potential role of type III IFNs in restricting CCHFV, which may help inform further mechanistic delineation of the viral infection and development of anti-CCHFV strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Kuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China
| | - Ashaq Ali
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Centre of Excellence in Science and Applied Technologies, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071/430207, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fares M, Brennan B. Virus-host interactions during tick-borne bunyavirus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 57:101278. [PMID: 36375406 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Bunyavirales order is the largest grouping of RNA viruses, comprising emerging and re-emerging human, plant and animal pathogens. Bunyaviruses have a global distribution and many members of the order are transmitted by arthropods. They have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to manipulate the regulatory processes of the infected cell to facilitate their own replicative cycle, in hosts of disparate phylogenies. Interest in virus-vector interactions is growing rapidly. However, current understanding of tick-borne bunyavirus cellular interaction is heavily biased to studies conducted in mammalian systems. In this short review, we summarise current understandings of how tick-borne bunyaviruses utilise major cellular pathways (innate immunity, apoptosis and RNAi responses) in mammalian or tick cells to facilitate virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazigh Fares
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin Brennan
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Flórez-Álvarez L, de Souza EE, Botosso VF, de Oliveira DBL, Ho PL, Taborda CP, Palmisano G, Capurro ML, Pinho JRR, Ferreira HL, Minoprio P, Arruda E, de Souza Ferreira LC, Wrenger C, Durigon EL. Hemorrhagic fever viruses: Pathogenesis, therapeutics, and emerging and re-emerging potential. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040093. [PMID: 36386719 PMCID: PMC9640979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) pose a threat to global public health owing to the emergence and re-emergence of highly fatal diseases. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) caused by these viruses are mostly characterized by an acute febrile syndrome with coagulation abnormalities and generalized hemorrhage that may lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Currently, the events underlying the viral pathogenicity associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome still underexplored. In this minireview, we address the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying VHFs pathogenesis and discuss the available development of preventive and therapeutic options to treat these infections. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of HFVs to cause worldwide emergencies along with factors that favor their spread beyond their original niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Virology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil,Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Lage Ferreira
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eurico Arruda
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Carsten Wrenger, ; Edison Luiz Durigon,
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Carsten Wrenger, ; Edison Luiz Durigon,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Relationship between DUGBE Virus Infection and Autophagy in Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102230. [PMID: 36298785 PMCID: PMC9611011 DOI: 10.3390/v14102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) is a tick-borne arbovirus within the order Bunyavirales. Although displaying mild pathogenic potential, DUGV is genetically related to the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), another orthonairovirus that causes severe liver dysfunction and hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans. As we previously observed that CCHFV infection could massively recruit and lipidate MAP1LC3 (LC3), a core factor involved in the autophagic degradation of cytosolic components, we asked whether DUGV infection also substantially impacts the autophagy machinery in epithelial cells. We observed that DUGV infection does impose LC3 lipidation in cultured hepatocytes. DUGV infection also caused an upregulation of the MAP1LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 transcript levels, which were, however, more moderate than those seen during CCHFV infection. In contrast, unlike during CCHFV infection, the modulation of core autophagy factors could influence both LC3 lipidation and viral particle production: the silencing of ATG5 and/or ATG7 diminished the induction of LC3 lipidation and slightly upregulated the level of infectious DUGV particle production. Overall, the results are compatible with the notion that in epithelial cells infected with DUGV in vitro, the autophagy machinery may be recruited to exert a certain level of restriction on viral replication. Thus, the relationship between DUGV infection and autophagy in epithelial cells appears to present both similarities and distinctions with that seen during CCHFV infection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodriguez SE, Hawman DW, Sorvillo TE, O'Neal TJ, Bird BH, Rodriguez LL, Bergeron É, Nichol ST, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Spengler JR. Immunobiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105244. [PMID: 35026307 PMCID: PMC9245446 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a tick-borne pathogen in the family Nairoviridae, can result in a spectrum of outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic infection through mild clinical signs to severe or fatal disease. Studies of CCHFV immunobiology have investigated the relationship between innate and adaptive immune responses with disease severity, attempting to elucidate factors associated with differential outcomes. In this article, we begin by highlighting unanswered questions, then review current efforts to answer them. We discuss in detail current clinical studies and research in laboratory animals on CCHF, including immune targets of infection and adaptive and innate immune responses. We summarize data about the role of the immune response in natural infections of animals and humans and experimental studies in vitro and in vivo and from evaluating immune-based therapies and vaccines, and present recommendations for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Rodriguez
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Teresa E Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - T Justin O'Neal
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian H Bird
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, New York, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rathore SS, Manju AH, Wen Q, Sondhi M, Pydi R, Haddad I, Hasan J, Ali MA, Tousif S, Singh R, Muhammed AA, Ahmed NK, Patel DM. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever-induced liver injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14775. [PMID: 34480502 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal acute tick-borne viral infection and substantial emerging global public health threat. This illness has a high case fatality rate of up to 40%. The liver is one of the important target organs of the CCHF virus. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CCHF and liver injury and draw more generalised inferences about the abnormal serum markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCHF patients. METHODS A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. All eligible observational studies and case series were included from around the world. The inclusion criteria were articles describing liver injury biomarkers amongst patients diagnosed with CCHF. RESULTS Data from 18 studies, consisting of 1238 patients with CCHF were included in this meta-analysis. Overall pooled incidence of at least one raised liver injury biomarker was 77.95% (95% CI, I2 = 88.50%, P < .0001). Similarly, pooled incidence of elevated AST and ALT was 85.92% (95% CI, I2 = 85.27%, P < .0001) and 64.30% (95% CI, I2 = 88.32%, P < .0001), respectively. Both Egger and Begg-Mazumdar's tests detected no apparent publication bias in all three meta-analyses (P > .05). CONCLUSION Our study shows that CCHF has a very detrimental effect on liver function. Abnormal liver function may lead to poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality in CCHF patients. Hence, Physicians must recognise and continuously monitor these biomarkers, since these markers may aid in early stratification of prognosis and the prevention of severe outcomes in infection with such a high case fatality rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ade Harrison Manju
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Biochemical Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Qingqing Wen
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manush Sondhi
- Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Reshma Pydi
- Internal Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | | | | | - Sohaib Tousif
- Internal Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Romil Singh
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dai S, Wu Q, Wu X, Peng C, Liu J, Tang S, Zhang T, Deng F, Shen S. Differential Cell Line Susceptibility to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:648077. [PMID: 33869079 PMCID: PMC8044861 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.648077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral disease of global concerns due to the increasing incidence and lack of effective treatments. The causative agent, CCHF virus (CCHFV), has been characterized for years; however, its tropism in cell lines of different host and tissue origins remains unclear. This study characterized the susceptibility of 16 human and 6 animal cell lines to CCHFV. Increased viral load and viral nucleoprotein expression, and productive CCHFV replication were detected in human vascular (HUVEC), renal (SW-13 and HEK-293), hepatic (Huh7), and cerebral (U-87 MG) cell lines, which were considered CCHFV-highly permissive cell lines. Renal cell lines derived from monkey and dog could also support CCHFV replication. This study evaluated the susceptibility of different cell lines to CCHFV and identified CCHFV-permissive cell lines. Our findings raise concerns regarding the use of cell lines in ex vivo studies of CCHFV and may have important implications for further fundamental research, which would promote understanding of CCHFV pathogenesis and transmission, as well as benefit designing strategies for disease prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gilbride C, Saunders J, Sharpe H, Maze EA, Limon G, Ludi AB, Lambe T, Belij-Rammerstorfer S. The Integration of Human and Veterinary Studies for Better Understanding and Management of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629636. [PMID: 33815379 PMCID: PMC8012513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks that occur as a result of zoonotic spillover from an animal reservoir continue to highlight the importance of studying the disease interface between species. One Health approaches recognise the interdependence of human and animal health and the environmental interplay. Improving the understanding and prevention of zoonotic diseases may be achieved through greater consideration of these relationships, potentially leading to better health outcomes across species. In this review, special emphasis is given on the emerging and outbreak pathogen Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus (CCHFV) that can cause severe disease in humans. We discuss the efforts undertaken to better understand CCHF and the importance of integrating veterinary and human research for this pathogen. Furthermore, we consider the use of closely related nairoviruses to model human disease caused by CCHFV. We discuss intervention approaches with potential application for managing CCHFV spread, and how this concept may benefit both animal and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Saunders
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Experimental Challenge of Sheep and Cattle with Dugbe Orthonairovirus, a Neglected African Arbovirus Distantly Related to CCHFV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030372. [PMID: 33652845 PMCID: PMC7996740 DOI: 10.3390/v13030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dugbe orthonairovirus (DUGV) is a tick-borne arbovirus within the order Bunyavirales. DUGV was first isolated in Nigeria, but virus isolations in ten further African countries indicate that DUGV is widespread throughout Africa. Humans can suffer from a mild febrile illness, hence, DUGV is classified as a biosafety level (BSL) 3 agent. In contrast, no disease has been described in animals, albeit serological evidence exists that ruminants are common hosts and may play an important role in the transmission cycle of this neglected arbovirus. In this study, young sheep and calves were experimentally inoculated with DUGV in order to determine their susceptibility and to study the course of infection. Moreover, potential antibody cross-reactivities in currently available diagnostic assays for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) were assessed as DUGV is distantly related to CCHFV. Following subcutaneous inoculation, none of the animals developed clinical signs or viremia. However, all ruminants seroconverted, as demonstrated by two DUGV neutralization test formats (micro-virus neutralization test (mVNT), plaque reduction (PRNT)), by indirect immunofluorescence assays and in bovines by a newly developed DUGV recombinant N protein ELISA. Sera did not react in commercial CCHFV ELISAs, whereas cross-reactivities were observed by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Z, Shen Y, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Ma Y, Zhang F, Chen L. ER stress-related molecules induced by Hantaan virus infection in differentiated THP-1 cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:41-50. [PMID: 32870480 PMCID: PMC7736395 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) can be induced by virus infection. In this part, we explored whether Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection could induce ER stress in differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells. It showed that the mRNA and protein levels of ER stress-related 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78, HSPA5) and mRNA levels of X box-binding protein 1 (XBP-1), activating transcription factor 6(ATF6) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) after HTNV infection, were significantly higher than that in uninfected control group. However, the mRNA levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94, HSPC4), and inositol-requiring enzyme1 (IRE1) were not significantly different between the infected group and the untreated group in 2 h after virus infection. It is unusual in activating GRP78 but not GRP94. Meanwhile, dTHP-1 cells infected with HTNV at 12 h did not show obvious apoptosis. These results indicated that the HTNV infection could induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) in dTHP-1 cells, without directly leading to cell apoptosis during 12 h after virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Xi'an Health School, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moroso M, Verlhac P, Ferraris O, Rozières A, Carbonnelle C, Mély S, Endtz HP, Peyrefitte CN, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Viret C, Faure M. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus replication imposes hyper-lipidation of MAP1LC3 in epithelial cells. Autophagy 2020; 16:1858-1870. [PMID: 31905032 PMCID: PMC8386629 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1709765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a virus that causes severe liver dysfunctions and hemorrhagic fever, with high mortality rate. Here, we show that CCHFV infection caused a massive lipidation of LC3 in hepatocytes. This lipidation was not dependent on ATG5, ATG7 or BECN1, and no signs for recruitment of the alternative ATG12-ATG3 pathway for lipidation was found. Both virus replication and protein synthesis were required for the lipidation of LC3. Despite an augmented transcription of SQSTM1, the amount of proteins did not show a massive and sustained increase in infected cells, indicating that degradation of SQSTM1 by macroautophagy/autophagy was still occurring. The genetic alteration of autophagy did not influence the production of CCHFV particles demonstrating that autophagy was not required for CCHFV replication. Thus, the results indicate that CCHFV multiplication imposes an overtly elevated level of LC3 mobilization that involves a possibly novel type of non-canonical lipidation. Abbreviations: BECN1: Beclin 1; CCHF: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; CCHFV: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; CHX: cycloheximide; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GP: glycoproteins; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; n.i.: non-infected; NP: nucleoprotein; p.i.: post-infection; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Moroso
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Verlhac
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Ferraris
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Biomedical Research Institute of the French Army (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Aurore Rozières
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Stéphane Mély
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert P. Endtz
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe N. Peyrefitte
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
- Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Biomedical Research Institute of the French Army (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Emerging Pathogens Laboratory, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Serretiello E, Astorri R, Chianese A, Stelitano D, Zannella C, Folliero V, Santella B, Galdiero M, Franci G, Galdiero M. The emerging tick-borne Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: A narrative review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101871. [PMID: 32891725 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an increasingly relevant viral zoonosis caused by the negative-sense single-stranded (ss) RNA Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) (Nairoviridae family, Bunyavirales order). The viral genome is divided into three segments (L-M-S) of distinct size and functions. The infection is generally mediated by a tick vector, in particular belonging to the Hyalomma genus, and the transmission follows a tick-vertebrate-tick ecologic cycle, with asymptomatic infected animals functioning as reservoirs and amplifiers for CCHFV. Human hosts could be infected primarily through infected ticks or by contact with infected hosts or their body fluids and tissues, also in a nosocomial way and in occupational contexts. Infected symptomatic patients generally manifest a nonspecific illness, which progresses across four stages, with possibly lethal outcomes. Disease outbreaks show a widespread geographic diffusion and a highly variable mortality rate, dramatically peaking in untreated patients. The lack of an adequate animal model and the elevated virus biological risk (only manageable under biosafety level 4 conditions) represent strongly limiting factors for a better characterization of the disease and for the development of specific therapies and vaccines. The present review discusses updated information on CCHFV-related disease, including details about the virus (taxonomy, structure, life cycle, transmission modalities) and considering CCHF pathogenesis, epidemiology and current strategies (diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Serretiello
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Astorri
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Stelitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Santella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Luigi Vanvitelli of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Efficient functional screening of a cellular cDNA library to identify severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry factors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5996. [PMID: 32265454 PMCID: PMC7138800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of host cell factors for virus entry is useful for the molecular explanation of viral tropisms and often leads to a more profound understanding of virus-induced diseases. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus. No countermeasures against the disease exist. In this report, we show an efficient method using virus-like particles for the functional screening of a cellular cDNA library to identify SFTS virus entry factors. Two variants encoding dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin related (DC-SIGNR), a calcium-dependent lectin known to enhance SFTS virus infection, were successfully identified from a human liver cDNA library. We will discuss applications for yet unidentified factor(s) for SFTS virus entry and for entry factor(s) for other viruses related to SFTS virus.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kozak RA, Fraser RS, Biondi MJ, Majer A, Medina SJ, Griffin BD, Kobasa D, Stapleton PJ, Urfano C, Babuadze G, Antonation K, Fernando L, Booth S, Lillie BN, Kobinger GP. Dual RNA-Seq characterization of host and pathogen gene expression in liver cells infected with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008105. [PMID: 32251473 PMCID: PMC7162549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that can cause a hemorrhagic fever in humans, with a case fatality rate of up to 40%. Cases of CCHFV have been reported in Africa, Asia, and southern Europe; and recently, due to the expanding range of its vector, autochthonous cases have been reported in Spain. Although it was discovered over 70 years ago, our understanding of the pathogenesis of this virus remains limited. We used RNA-Seq in two human liver cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) infected with CCHFV (strain IbAr10200), to examine kinetic changes in host expression and viral replication simultaneously at 1 and 3 days post infection. Through this, numerous host pathways were identified that were modulated by the virus including: antiviral response and endothelial cell leakage. Notably, the genes encoding DDX60, a cytosolic component of the RIG-I signalling pathway and OAS2 were both shown to be dysregulated. Interestingly, PTPRR was induced in Huh7 cells but not HepG2 cells. This has been associated with the TLR9 signalling cascade, and polymorphisms in TLR9 have been associated with poor outcomes in patients. Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing on CCHFV to assess viral diversity over time, and its relationship to the host response. As a result, we have demonstrated that through next-generation mRNA deep-sequencing it is possible to not only examine mRNA gene expression, but also to examine viral quasispecies and typing of the infecting strain. This demonstrates a proof-of-principle that CCHFV specimens can be analyzed to identify both the virus and host biomarkers that may have implications for prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kozak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Molecular Diagnostics, Division of Microbiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell S. Fraser
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Mia J. Biondi
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Majer
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Medina
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Stapleton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantel Urfano
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Giorgi Babuadze
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kym Antonation
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lisa Fernando
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Booth
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brandon N. Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mehrbod P, Ande SR, Alizadeh J, Rahimizadeh S, Shariati A, Malek H, Hashemi M, Glover KKM, Sher AA, Coombs KM, Ghavami S. The roles of apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response in arbovirus, influenza virus, and HIV infections. Virulence 2020; 10:376-413. [PMID: 30966844 PMCID: PMC6527025 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1605803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection induces different cellular responses in infected cells. These include cellular stress responses like autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR). Both autophagy and UPR are connected to programed cell death I (apoptosis) in chronic stress conditions to regulate cellular homeostasis via Bcl2 family proteins, CHOP and Beclin-1. In this review article we first briefly discuss arboviruses, influenza virus, and HIV and then describe the concepts of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR. Finally, we focus upon how apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR are involved in the regulation of cellular responses to arboviruses, influenza virus and HIV infections. Abbreviation: AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; ATF6: Activating Transcription Factor 6; ATG6: Autophagy-specific Gene 6; BAG3: BCL Associated Athanogene 3; Bak: BCL-2-Anatagonist/Killer1; Bax; BCL-2: Associated X protein; Bcl-2: B cell Lymphoma 2x; BiP: Chaperon immunoglobulin heavy chain binding Protein; CARD: Caspase Recruitment Domain; cART: combination Antiretroviral Therapy; CCR5: C-C Chemokine Receptor type 5; CD4: Cluster of Differentiation 4; CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; CXCR4: C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4; Cyto c: Cytochrome C; DCs: Dendritic Cells; EDEM1: ER-degradation enhancing-a-mannosidase-like protein 1; ENV: Envelope; ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum; FasR: Fas Receptor;G2: Gap 2; G2/M: Gap2/Mitosis; GFAP: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; GP120: Glycoprotein120; GP41: Glycoprotein41; HAND: HIV Associated Neurodegenerative Disease; HEK: Human Embryonic Kidney; HeLa: Human Cervical Epithelial Carcinoma; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; IPS-1: IFN-β promoter stimulator 1; IRE-1: Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1; IRGM: Immunity Related GTPase Family M protein; LAMP2A: Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 2A; LC3: Microtubule Associated Light Chain 3; MDA5: Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene 5; MEF: Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast; MMP: Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization; Nef: Negative Regulatory Factor; OASIS: Old Astrocyte Specifically Induced Substrate; PAMP: Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern; PERK: Pancreatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase; PRR: Pattern Recognition Receptor; Puma: P53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis; RIG-I: Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene-I; Tat: Transactivator Protein of HIV; TLR: Toll-like receptor; ULK1: Unc51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1; UPR: Unfolded Protein Response; Vpr: Viral Protein Regulatory; XBP1: X-Box Binding Protein 1
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- a Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department , Past eur Institute of IRAN , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sudharsana R Ande
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- c Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,e Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology , CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Shahrzad Rahimizadeh
- f Department of Medical Microbiology , Assiniboine Community College, School of Health and Human Services and Continuing Education , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Aryana Shariati
- c Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Hadis Malek
- g Department of Biology , Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- h Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Kathleen K M Glover
- i Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Affan A Sher
- i Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,i Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,j Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- c Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba , Winnipeg , MB , Canada.,e Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology , CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,k Health Policy Research Centre , Shiraz Medical University of Medical Science , Shiraz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Büyüktuna SA, Doğan HO, Unlusavuran M, Bakir M. An evaluation of the different biomarkers to discriminate bleeding in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:997-1002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Garrison AR, Smith DR, Golden JW. Animal Models for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Human Disease. Viruses 2019; 11:E590. [PMID: 31261754 PMCID: PMC6669593 DOI: 10.3390/v11070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an important tick-borne human pathogen endemic throughout Asia, Africa and Europe. CCHFV is also an emerging virus, with recent outbreaks in Western Europe. CCHFV can infect a large number of wild and domesticated mammalian species and some avian species, however the virus does not cause severe disease in these animals, but can produce viremia. In humans, CCHFV infection can lead to a severe, life-threating disease characterized by hemodynamic instability, hepatic injury and neurological disorders, with a worldwide lethality rate of ~20-30%. The pathogenic mechanisms of CCHF are poorly understood, largely due to the dearth of animal models. However, several important animal models have been recently described, including novel murine models and a non-human primate model. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of CCHF-mediated pathogenesis and describe how animal models are helping elucidate the molecular and cellular determinants of disease. This information should serve as a reference for those interested in CCHFV animal models and their utility for evaluation of medical countermeasures (MCMs) and in the study of pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aura R Garrison
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
- Mailing address: Virology Division, USAMRIID, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Darci R Smith
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
- Mailing address: Virology Division, USAMRIID, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joseph W Golden
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
- Mailing address: Virology Division, USAMRIID, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engin A, Aydin H, Cinar Z, Buyuktuna SA, Bakir M. Apoptosis and its relation with clinical course in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1385-1393. [PMID: 30905066 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-mediated viral infection. Patients with CCHF may show various clinical presentations. The cause of this difference in the clinical course is not completely understood. Apoptosis is programmed cell death and plays an important role in regulating the immune system. Our knowledge of the role of apoptosis in CCHF disease is limited. We investigated the role of apoptosis and their relationship with the severity of the disease in CCHF. Thus, in 30 patients with CCHF and 30 healthy individuals, we analyzed the serum levels of cytochrome C, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf 1), caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, sFas, sFasL, perforin, granzyme B, and CK18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This is the first study that research the serum levels of the mentioned apoptosis markers in adult patients with CCHF. We found that the serum levels of sFasL, cytochrome C, Apaf 1, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, perforin, granzyme B, and M30 were statistically significantly different in the acute phase of the disease compared with healthy individuals and patients in convalescent period. There was no association between the clinical severity of the disease and apoptosis markers. In conclusion, the results of our study suggested that the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathway play an important role in CCHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Engin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aydin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ziynet Cinar
- Department of Biostatistics, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ali Buyuktuna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bakir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fuller J, Surtees RA, Shaw AB, Álvarez-Rodríguez B, Slack GS, Bell-Sakyi L, Mankouri J, Edwards TA, Hewson R, Barr JN. Hazara nairovirus elicits differential induction of apoptosis and nucleocapsid protein cleavage in mammalian and tick cells. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:392-402. [PMID: 30720418 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nairoviridae family within the Bunyavirales order comprise tick-borne segmented negative-sense RNA viruses that cause serious disease in a broad range of mammals, yet cause a latent and lifelong infection in tick hosts. An important member of this family is Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is responsible for serious human disease that results in case fatality rates of up to 30 %, and which exhibits the most geographically broad distribution of any tick-borne virus. Here, we explored differences in the cellular response of both mammalian and tick cells to nairovirus infection using Hazara virus (HAZV), which is a close relative of CCHFV within the CCHFV serogroup. We show that HAZV infection of human-derived SW13 cells led to induction of apoptosis, evidenced by activation of cellular caspases 3, 7 and 9. This was followed by cleavage of the classical apoptosis marker poly ADP-ribose polymerase, as well as cellular genome fragmentation. In addition, we show that the HAZV nucleocapsid (N) protein was abundantly cleaved by caspase 3 in these mammalian cells at a conserved DQVD motif exposed at the tip of its arm domain, and that cleaved HAZV-N was subsequently packaged into nascent virions. However, in stark contrast, we show for the first time that nairovirus infection of cells of the tick vector failed to induce apoptosis, as evidenced by undetectable levels of cleaved caspases and lack of cleaved HAZV-N. Our findings reveal that nairoviruses elicit diametrically opposed cellular responses in mammalian and tick cells, which may influence the infection outcome in the respective hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fuller
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R A Surtees
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- ‡Present address: Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - A B Shaw
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Álvarez-Rodríguez
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - G S Slack
- 2National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- 3Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - J Mankouri
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- 4Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T A Edwards
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- 4Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R Hewson
- 2National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - J N Barr
- 1School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- 4Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aksoy E, Azkur AK. Schmallenberg virus induces apoptosis in Vero cell line via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways in a time and dose dependent manner. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:204-212. [PMID: 30541984 PMCID: PMC6395206 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV), discovered in 2011 in Germany, is associated with clinical manifestations of fever, diarrhea, reduced milk yield, abortions and congenital malformations in ruminants. Despite many studies performed for SBV, there is no detailed research on in vitro apoptotic effect of SBV. This study is aimed to determine apoptosis pathways and role of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic molecules in Vero cells infected with SBV. The study results showed that SBV induced apoptosis via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways by activating both caspase-8 and caspase-9, respectively. Expression analyses of pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bak and Puma) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) genes revealed that SBV-induced apoptosis causes upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes, dominantly via Puma gene, whereas Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL genes were downregulated. In conclusion, this is the first detailed report about SBV induced apoptosis in the Vero cells via both extrinsic and intrinsic cascades and apoptosis induction is seem to be regulated by Puma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Aksoy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, 71450 Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kursat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, 71450 Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widely distributed hemorrhagic fever virus and the cause of hemorrhagic disease in Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, India and Asia. Recent emergence of CCHFV into Spain indicates that the geographic range of this virus is expanding and the presence of its tick vector in several countries without reported disease suggest that CCHFV will continue to spread. Research into CCHFV was historically limited by a lack of suitable animal models and tools to study viral pathogenesis. However, in the past few years the toolset for studying CCHFV has expanded with small animal and non-human primate models for CCHFV being developed along with a reverse genetics system that allows for investigation of viral determinants of disease. These tools have been utilized to understand how CCHFV antagonizes host restriction factors and to develop novel vaccine candidates that may help limit the substantial morbidity and mortality in humans caused by CCHFV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID/NIH, Hamilton, Montana, 59840, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Exploring Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Induced Hepatic Injury Using Antibody-Mediated Type I Interferon Blockade in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01083-18. [PMID: 30111561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01083-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) can cause severe hepatic injury in humans. However, the mechanism(s) causing this damage is poorly characterized. CCHFV produces an acute disease, including liver damage, in mice lacking type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling due to either STAT-1 gene deletion or disruption of the IFN-I receptor 1 gene. Here, we explored CCHFV-induced liver pathogenesis in mice using an antibody to disrupt IFN-I signaling. When IFN-I blockade was induced within 24 h postexposure to CCHFV, mice developed severe disease with greater than 95% mortality by 6 days postexposure. In addition, we observed increased proinflammatory cytokines, chemoattractants, and liver enzymes in these mice. Extensive liver damage was evident by 4 days postexposure and was characterized by hepatocyte necrosis and the loss of CLEC4F-positive Kupffer cells. Similar experiments in CCHFV-exposed NOD-SCID-γ (NSG), Rag2-deficient, and perforin-deficient mice also demonstrated liver injury, suggesting that cytotoxic immune cells are dispensable for hepatic damage. Some apoptotic liver cells contained viral RNA, while other apoptotic liver cells were negative, suggesting that cell death occurred by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Protein and transcriptional analysis of livers revealed that activation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily members occurred by day 4 postexposure, implicating these molecules as factors in liver cell death. These data provide insights into CCHFV-induced hepatic injury and demonstrate the utility of antibody-mediated IFN-I blockade in the study of CCHFV pathogenesis in mice.IMPORTANCE CCHFV is an important human pathogen that is both endemic and emerging throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. A common feature of acute disease is liver injury ranging from mild to fulminant hepatic failure. The processes through which CCHFV induces severe liver injury are unclear, mostly due to the limitations of existing small-animal systems. The only small-animal model in which CCHFV consistently produces severe liver damage is mice lacking IFN-I signaling. In this study, we used antibody-mediated blockade of IFN-I signaling in mice to study CCHFV liver pathogenesis in various transgenic mouse systems. We found that liver injury did not depend on cytotoxic immune cells and observed extensive activation of death receptor signaling pathways in the liver during acute disease. Furthermore, acute CCHFV infection resulted in a nearly complete loss of Kupffer cells. Our model system provides insight into both the molecular and the cellular features of CCHFV hepatic injury.
Collapse
|
29
|
Neerukonda SN, Katneni UK, Bott M, Golovan SP, Parcells MS. Induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) during Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection. Virology 2018; 522:1-12. [PMID: 29979959 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is a pathology of chickens associated with paralysis, immune suppression, and the rapid formation of T-cell lymphomas. MD is caused by the herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). We examined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways during MDV infection of cells in culture and lymphocytes in vivo. MDV strains activate the UPR as measured by increased mRNA expression of GRP78/BiP with concomitant XBP1 splicing and induction of its target gene, EDEM1. Cell culture replication of virulent, but not vaccine MDVs, activated the UPR at late in infection. Pathotype-associated UPR activation was induced to a greater level by a vv + MDV. Discrete UPR activation was observed during MDV in vivo infection, with the level of UPR modulation being affected by the MDV oncoprotein Meq. Finally, ATF6 was found to be activated in vv + MDV-induced primary lymphomas, suggesting a possible role in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 052 Townsend Hall, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Upendra K Katneni
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 052 Townsend Hall, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Matthew Bott
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 052 Townsend Hall, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | | | - Mark S Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 052 Townsend Hall, 531 South College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Shen S, Fang Y, Liu J, Su Z, Liang J, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Wang C, Abudurexiti A, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Deng F. Isolation, Characterization, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two New Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains from the Northern Region of Xinjiang Province, China. Virol Sin 2018. [PMID: 29520745 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne natural focal disease with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. CCHFV is widely prevalent in Africa, southern Asia, the Middle East, and southeast Europe. CCHF outbreaks have been reported previously in Xinjiang province, China, especially in its southern region. Epidemiological surveys conducted on ticks and animals have revealed the presence of CCHFV strains in ticks, rodents, and infected individuals from cities and counties in southern Xinjiang. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Chinese CCHFV strains belong to one genotype, based on complete sequences of the S segments of its negative-stranded RNA genome. The present study reports two new CCHFV strains isolated from Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum ticks collected from Fukang City and Wujiaqu City in the northern region of Xinjiang. Viral characteristics and their evolutionary relationships were analyzed through metagenomic and reverse-transcription PCR analyses; these analyses indicated that the genotype of both strains was different from that of other Chinese strains. Furthermore, previous reports of CCHFV in Xinjiang were reviewed and phylogenetic analyses were performed. CCHFV was found to prevail in Fukang City in Junggar Basin for more than 20 years, and that Fukang City and Wujiaqu City are considered natural reservoirs of different genotypes of CCHFV strains. Our findings facilitate the understanding of CCHFV distribution in Xinjiang province and provide insights into the evolutionary relationships among Chinese CCHFV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yaohui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhengyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinhao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous' Region, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Abulikemu Abudurexiti
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous' Region, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yujiang Zhang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous' Region, Ürümqi, 830002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meyer B, Groseth A. Apoptosis during arenavirus infection: mechanisms and evasion strategies. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:65-80. [PMID: 29081359 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a greatly increased interest in the interactions of arenaviruses with the apoptotic machinery, and particularly the extent to which these interactions may be an important contributor to pathogenesis. Here we summarize the current state of our knowledge on this subject and address the potential for interplay with other immunological mechanisms known to be regulated by these viruses. We also compare and contrast what is known for arenavirus-induced apoptosis with observations from other segmented hemorrhagic fever viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Meyer
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Allison Groseth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ergönül Ö, Şeref C, Eren Ş, Çelikbaş A, Baykam N, Dokuzoğuz B, Gönen M, Can F. Cytokine response in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1707-1713. [PMID: 28547808 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We described the predictive role of cytokines in fatality of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) infection by using daily clinical sera samples. Consequent serum samples of the selected patients in different severity groups and healthy controls were examined by using human cytokine 17-plex assay. We included 12 (23%) mild, 30 (58%) moderate, 10 (19%) severe patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. The mean age of the patients was 52 (sd 15), 52% were female. Forty-six patients (88%) received ribavirin. During disease course, the median levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-10/12, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and MIP-1b were found to be significantly higher among CCHF patients than the healthy controls. Within the first 5 days after onset of disease, among the fatal cases, the median levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were found to be significantly higher than the survived ones (Fig. 3), and MCP-1 was elevated among fatal cases, but statistical significance was not detected. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, IL-8 (92%), IL-6 (92%), MCP-1 (79%) were found to be the most significant cytokines in predicting the fatality rates in the early period of the disease (5 days). IL-6 and IL-8 can predict the poor outcome, within the first 5 days of disease course. Elevated IL-6 and IL-8 levels within first 5 days could be used as prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Önder Ergönül
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Şeref
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Eren
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Çelikbaş
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Baykam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Başak Dokuzoğuz
- Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gönen
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Füsun Can
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aktaş T, Aktaş F, Özmen Z, Kaya T. Does Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Cause a Vasculitic Reaction with Pulmonary Artery Enlargement and Acute Pulmonary Hypertension? Lung 2016; 194:807-12. [PMID: 27344326 PMCID: PMC7101793 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral tick-borne illness. Although its etiopathogenesis is not clearly understood, it is known to be a Nairovirus. We aimed to examine the viral effects of intense systemic inflammation and vascular damage on the pulmonary vascular beds and lung tissues. Methods A total of 45 patients who were diagnosed with CCHF were considered for this retrospective study. In this patient group, those whose lungs had been visualized via thoracic computer tomography (CT) were entered into the study. Diameters of the pulmonary trunk, main pulmonary arteries, atria, and ventricles were measured. Study group measurements were compared with the control group, which included patients with normal thoracic CT. Results Overall, 90 patients were enrolled in the study, with 45 patients in the study group and 45 in the control group. In the study group, the man-to-woman balance was 3/2. The average age in the study group was 54.07 ± 17.91 years. In comparing the average diameters of pulmonary arteries in the study and control groups, the study group’s average pulmonary artery diameter was significantly larger than the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions The increase in diameters of the pulmonary trunks and main pulmonary arteries due to CCHF was first shown in this current study. Moreover, due to our findings, it should be noted that with the rise in pulmonary artery diameter in CCHF, pulmonary hypertension can appear acutely, and this condition can be significantly alter clinical course and follow-up of the viral illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turan Aktaş
- Pulmonar Medicine Department, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Aktaş
- Radiology Department, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Zafer Özmen
- Radiology Department, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Turan Kaya
- Infections and Clinical Microbiology Department, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jang Y, Kim J, Ko JW, Kwon YH. Homocysteine induces PUMA-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2559-2569. [PMID: 27339788 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that homocysteine induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in neuronal cells, proposing the underlying mechanism by which it could induce neurotoxicity. Induction of pro-apoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and activation of caspase-4 by calpain have been suggested to be an important route in inducing apoptosis in response to ER stress. In this study, we investigated the molecular pathway of homocysteine-induced apoptosis in caspase-4 deficient SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Homocysteine significantly increased mRNA levels of CHOP and p53, resulting in the upregulation of their downstream target gene, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). In cells treated with homocysteine, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) protein levels, cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, and caspase-9 activation were significantly increased. Consistently, a caspase-9 inhibitor significantly alleviated homocysteine-induced cytotoxicity. Significantly lower BAX mRNA levels and caspase-9 activation were observed in cells transfected with siRNA for PUMA. Taken together, our findings suggest that PUMA would be involved in the possible crosstalk between the ER and the mitochondria in the homocysteine-induced apoptosis of caspase-4 deficient SH-SY5Y cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Je Won Ko
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guler N, Eroglu C, Yilmaz H, Karadag A, Alacam H, Sunbul M, Fletcher TE, Leblebicioglu H. Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in an Adult Cohort with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157247. [PMID: 27304063 PMCID: PMC4909233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a life threatening acute viral infection characterized by fever, bleeding, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. It is a major emerging infectious diseases threat, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and few data exist for the role of apoptosis in acute infection. We aimed to assess apoptotic gene expression in leukocytes in a cross-sectional cohort study of adults with CCHF. Twenty participants with CCHF and 10 healthy controls were recruited at a tertiary CCHF unit in Turkey; at admission baseline blood tests were collected and total RNA was isolated. The RealTime ready Human Apoptosis Panel was used for real-time PCR, detecting differences in gene expression. Participants had CCHF severity grading scores (SGS) with low risk score (10 out of 20) and intermediate or high risk scores (10 out of 20) for mortality. Five of 20 participants had a fatal outcome. Gene expression analysis showed modulation of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes that facilitate apoptosis in the CCHF patient group. Dominant extrinsic pathway activation, mostly related with TNF family members was observed. Severe and fatal cases suggest additional intrinsic pathway activation. The clinical significance of relative gene expression is not clear, and larger longitudinal studies with simultaneous measurement of host and viral factors are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nil Guler
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Cafer Eroglu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hava Yilmaz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Adil Karadag
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hasan Alacam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sunbul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tom E. Fletcher
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Hakan Leblebicioglu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pathogenesis of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever From an Immunological Perspective. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-016-0068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
37
|
Apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response pathways in Arbovirus replication and pathogenesis. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e1. [PMID: 26781343 PMCID: PMC4836210 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are pathogens that widely affect the health of people in different communities around the world. Recently, a few successful approaches toward production of effective vaccines against some of these pathogens have been developed, but treatment and prevention of the resulting diseases remain a major health and research concern. The arbovirus infection and replication processes are complex, and many factors are involved in their regulation. Apoptosis, autophagy and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are three mechanisms that are involved in pathogenesis of many viruses. In this review, we focus on the importance of these pathways in the arbovirus replication and infection processes. We provide a brief introduction on how apoptosis, autophagy and the UPR are initiated and regulated, and then discuss the involvement of these pathways in regulation of arbovirus pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wolff S, Groseth A, Meyer B, Jackson D, Strecker T, Kaufmann A, Becker S. The New World arenavirus Tacaribe virus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in infected cells. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:855-866. [PMID: 26769540 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arenaviridae is a diverse and growing family of viruses that already includes more than 25 distinct species. While some of these viruses have a significant impact on public health, others appear to be non-pathogenic. At present little is known about the host cell responses to infection with different arenaviruses, particularly those found in the New World; however, apoptosis is known to play an important role in controlling infection of many viruses. Here we show that infection with Tacaribe virus (TCRV), which is widely considered the prototype for non-pathogenic arenaviruses, leads to stronger induction of apoptosis than does infection with its human-pathogenic relative Junín virus. TCRV-induced apoptosis occurred in several cell types during late stages of infection and was shown to be caspase-dependent, involving the activation of caspases 3, 7, 8 and 9. Further, UV-inactivated TCRV did not induce apoptosis, indicating that the activation of this process is dependent on active viral replication/transcription. Interestingly, when apoptosis was inhibited, growth of TCRV was not enhanced, indicating that apoptosis does not have a direct negative effect on TCRV infection in vitro. Taken together, our data identify and characterize an important virus-host cell interaction of the prototypic, non-pathogenic arenavirus TCRV, which provides important insight into the growing field of arenavirus research aimed at better understanding the diversity in responses to different arenavirus infections and their functional consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wolff
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Allison Groseth
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Meyer
- University of St Andrews, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David Jackson
- University of St Andrews, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Thomas Strecker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institut für Immunologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bakir M, Engin A, Kuskucu MA, Bakir S, Gündag O, Midilli K. Relationship of plasma cell-free DNA level with mortality and prognosis in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1152-8. [PMID: 26680021 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral infection. Circulating plasma cell-free DNA (pcf-DNA) is a novel marker indicating cellular damage. So far, the role of pcf-DNA did not investigate in CCHF patients. In the current study, pcf-DNA levels were investigated in CCHF patients with different clinical severity grades to explore the relationship between circulating pcf-DNA level, virus load, and disease severity. Seventy-two patients were categorized as mild, intermediate, and severe based on severity grading scores. The pcf-DNA level was obtained from all participants on admission and from the survivors on the day of the discharge. The controls consisted of 31 healthy. Although the pcf-DNA level at admission was higher in patients than in the controls, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). However, at admission and in the convalescent period, the difference between pcf-DNA levels in mild, intermediate, and severe patient groups was significant. The pcf-DNA level in severe patients was higher than in the others. Furthermore, compared to survivors, non-survivors had higher pcf-DNA levels at admission (P = 0.001). A direct relationship was found between the pcf-DNA level and the viral load on the day of discharge in surviving patients. ROC curve analysis identified a pcf-DNA level of 0.42 as the optimal cut-off for prediction of mortality. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, specificity, and sensitivity for predicting mortality was 100%, 72%, 100%, and 79%, respectively. In summary, our findings revealed that pcf-DNA levels may be used as a biomarker in predicting CHHF prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bakir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Aynur Engin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuskucu
- Department of Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Omür Gündag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kenan Midilli
- Department of Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barnwal B, Karlberg H, Mirazimi A, Tan YJ. The Non-structural Protein of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Disrupts the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Induces Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:582-92. [PMID: 26574543 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.667436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have developed distinct strategies to overcome the host defense system. Regulation of apoptosis in response to viral infection is important for virus survival and dissemination. Like other viruses, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is known to regulate apoptosis. This study, for the first time, suggests that the non-structural protein NSs of CCHFV, a member of the genus Nairovirus, induces apoptosis. In this report, we demonstrated the expression of CCHFV NSs, which contains 150 amino acid residues, in CCHFV-infected cells. CCHFV NSs undergoes active degradation during infection. We further demonstrated that ectopic expression of CCHFV NSs induces apoptosis, as reflected by caspase-3/7 activity and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, in different cell lines that support CCHFV replication. Using specific inhibitors, we showed that CCHFV NSs induces apoptosis via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The minimal active region of the CCHFV NSs protein was determined to be 93-140 amino acid residues. Using alanine scanning, we demonstrated that Leu-127 and Leu-135 are the key residues for NSs-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, CCHFV NSs co-localizes in mitochondria and also disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential. We also demonstrated that Leu-127 and Leu-135 are important residues for disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential by NSs. Therefore, these results indicate that the C terminus of CCHFV NSs triggers mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, leading to activation of caspases, which, ultimately, leads to apoptosis. Given that multiple factors contribute to apoptosis during CCHFV infection, further studies are needed to define the involvement of CCHFV NSs in regulating apoptosis in infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Barnwal
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Ali Mirazimi
- the Public Health Agency of Sweden, 17182 Solna, Sweden, the Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, and the National Veterinary Institute, 75651 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore, the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Spengler JR, Patel JR, Chakrabarti AK, Zivcec M, García-Sastre A, Spiropoulou CF, Bergeron É. RIG-I Mediates an Antiviral Response to Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. J Virol 2015; 89:10219-29. [PMID: 26223644 PMCID: PMC4580164 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01643-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the cytoplasm, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) senses the RNA genomes of several RNA viruses. RIG-I binds to viral RNA, eliciting an antiviral response via the cellular adaptor MAVS. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a negative-sense RNA virus with a 5'-monophosphorylated genome, is a highly pathogenic zoonotic agent with significant public health implications. We found that, during CCHFV infection, RIG-I mediated a type I interferon (IFN) response via MAVS. Interfering with RIG-I signaling reduced IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression and increased viral replication. Immunostimulatory RNA was isolated from CCHFV-infected cells and from virion preparations, and RIG-I coimmunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates isolated immunostimulatory CCHFV RNA. This report serves as the first description of a pattern recognition receptor for CCHFV and highlights a critical signaling pathway in the antiviral response to CCHFV. IMPORTANCE CCHFV is a tick-borne virus with a significant public health impact. In order for cells to respond to virus infection, they must recognize the virus as foreign and initiate antiviral signaling. To date, the receptors involved in immune recognition of CCHFV are not known. Here, we investigate and identify RIG-I as a receptor involved in initiating an antiviral response to CCHFV. This receptor initially was not expected to play a role in CCHFV recognition because of characteristics of the viral genome. These findings are important in understanding the antiviral response to CCHFV and support continued investigation into the spectrum of potential viruses recognized by RIG-I.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/immunology
- Epithelial Cells
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genome, Viral
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/genetics
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Vero Cells
- Virus Replication
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jenish R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Arasli M, Ozsurekci Y, Elaldi N, McAuley AJ, Karadag Oncel E, Tekin IO, Gozel MG, Kaya A, Icagasioglu FD, Caglayik DY, Korukluoglu G, Kokturk F, Bakir M, Bente DA, Ceyhan M. Elevated chemokine levels during adult but not pediatric Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Clin Virol 2015; 66:76-82. [PMID: 25866343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis. Clinical reports indicate the severity of CCHF is milder in children than adults. The chemokines are important chemo-attractant mediators of the host immune system. OBJECTIVES The main aim of the study was to identify whether or not there were any differences in chemokine levels between the pediatric and adult patients and control groups, and whether there was any correlation with disease severity. STUDY DESIGN The serum levels of select chemokines including chemokine (C-C) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL4, chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL9, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in 29 adult and 32 pediatric CCHF patients and in 35 healthy children and 40 healthy adult control groups were studied by flow cytometric bead immunoassay method. RESULTS Great variability was detected in the serum levels of the chemokines for both the adult and pediatric patients and controls. With the exception of G-CSF, the median serum levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL8, and CXCL9 were found to be significantly higher in the adult patients compared to adult controls (2364.7 vs. 761 pg/ml; 714.1 vs. 75.2 pg/ml; 88.6 vs. 25.5 pg/ml; 217.9 vs. 18.3 pg/ml; 875 vs. 352.2 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Among the chemokines the median CCL4 and G-CSF levels were significantly higher in the pediatric patients compared to pediatric controls (40.3 vs. 7.1 pg/ml, p < 0.0001; 0.1 vs. 0.1 pg/ml, p = 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed prominent chemokine raising in adult CCHF patients compared to children CCHF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arasli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Ozsurekci
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Alexander J McAuley
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch,Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eda Karadag Oncel
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ishak Ozel Tekin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gokhan Gozel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ali Kaya
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Dilek Yagci Caglayik
- Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency, Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Furuzan Kokturk
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bakir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch,Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mehmet Ceyhan
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Evaluation of serum perforin, caspase-3, sFasL and M-30 levels as apoptotic markers in children with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:208-13. [PMID: 25170551 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is a main regulator in responses of cellular immunity throughout systemic viral infections. Perforin, soluble Fas ligand, caspase-3 and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin-18 (M-30) are mediators of apoptosis. The aim of this study is the evaluation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease changes in the levels of these apoptotic markers and the relation of these changes with disease severity. METHODS Forty-nine hospitalized children with CCHF and 36 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective study. The CCHF patients were classified into 2 groups based on disease severity (severe group and nonsevere group). Demographic characteristics and clinical and laboratory findings of all patients were recorded on admission. RESULTS Serum perforin, caspase-3 and soluble Fas ligand levels were found to be significantly higher both in the severe and nonsevere CCHF groups than the healthy control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in these apoptotic markers between severe and nonsevere CCHF groups (P > 0.05). In addition, serum M-30 levels did not differ significantly among all groups (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum values for perforin, caspase-3 and M-30 and the disease's severity criteria such as aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase. The serum levels of all these markers were negatively correlated with disease severity criteria such as the platelet count. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we concluded that the interactions of cytolytic granules containing perforin and caspase cascade and Fas-FasL may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CCHF in children.
Collapse
|
44
|
Karlberg H, Tan YJ, Mirazimi A. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever replication interplays with regulation mechanisms of apoptosis. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:538-546. [PMID: 25481756 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of viral haemorrhagic fevers is associated with alteration of vascular barrier function and haemorrhage. To date, the specific mechanism behind this is unknown. Programmed cell death and regulation of apoptosis in response to viral infection is an important factor for host or virus survival but this has not been well-studied in the case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). In this study, we demonstrated that CCHFV infection suppresses cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), triggered by staurosporine early post-infection. We also demonstrated that CCHFV infection suppresses activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Most interestingly, we found that CCHFV N can suppress induction of apoptosis by Bax and inhibit the release of cytochrome c from the inner membrane of mitochondria to cytosol. However, CCHFV infection induces activation of Bid late post-infection, suggesting activation of extrinsic apoptotic signalling. Consistently, supernatant from cells stimulated late post-infection was found to induce PARP cleavage, most probably through the TNF-α death receptor pathway. In summary, we found that CCHFV has strategies to interplay with apoptosis pathways and thereby regulate caspase cascades. We suggest that CCHFV suppresses caspase activation at early stages of the CCHFV replication cycle, which perhaps benefits the establishment of infection. Furthermore, we suggest that the host cellular response at late stages post-infection induces host cellular pro-apoptotic molecules through the death receptor pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Karlberg
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82, Sweden
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala SE-756 51, Sweden.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, SE-171 82, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Papa A, Mirazimi A, Köksal I, Estrada-Pena A, Feldmann H. Recent advances in research on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. J Clin Virol 2014; 64:137-43. [PMID: 25453328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an expanding tick-borne hemorrhagic disease with increasing human and animal health impact. Immense knowledge was gained over the past 10 years mainly due to advances in molecular biology, but also driven by an increased global interest in CCHFV as an emerging/re-emerging zoonotic pathogen. In the present article, we discuss the advances in research with focus on CCHF ecology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment. Despite tremendous achievements, future activities have to concentrate on the development of vaccines and antivirals/therapeutics to combat CCHF. Vector studies need to continue for better public and animal health preparedness and response. We conclude with a roadmap for future research priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, SE 171 82 Sweden; National Veterinary Institute, SE-756 51 Sweden; Dept for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkopings University, SE-581 83 Sweden
| | - Iftihar Köksal
- Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang S, Wang X, Luo F, Tang X, Li K, Hu X, Bai J. Panaxatriol saponin ameliorated liver injury by acetaminophen via restoring thioredoxin-1 and pro-caspase-12. Liver Int 2014; 34:1068-73. [PMID: 24119161 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acetaminophen (APAP) is widely used as an antipyretic agent which is safe at therapeutic doses. However, overdose of APAP induces fatal and non-fatal hepatic necroses. The chemical reactive metabolites of APAP initiate toxicity and inflammatory response within the liver and lead to acute liver failure. However, the mechanism underlying APAP-induced liver injury is unknown. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) is an important redox regulator, which plays roles in resisting oxidative stress, regulating inflammation and inhibiting apoptosis. Panaxatriol saponin (PTS) is one of the biologically active fractions of Panax notoginseng which is a traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism on PTS protecting liver from APAP hepatotoxicity. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups, control group, APAP group and APAP combined with PTS group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. TRX-1 and pro-caspase-12 were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed PTS inhibited the levels of ALT and TNF-α by APAP. Pretreatment with PTS ameliorated liver injury induced by APAP. The decrease in TRX-1 expression was restored by PTS, as well as decreased pro-caspase-12 expression was inhibited by PTS. These data suggest that PTS has roles in suppressing the hepatotoxicity by APAP. CONCLUSION Panaxatriol saponin ameliorated liver injury by APAP through restoring the expression TRX-1 and inhibiting pro-caspase-12 decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Department of Science and Education Section, the seventh People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lasecka L, Baron MD. The molecular biology of nairoviruses, an emerging group of tick-borne arboviruses. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1249-65. [PMID: 24327094 PMCID: PMC7087186 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nairoviruses are a rapidly emerging group of tick-borne bunyaviruses that includes pathogens of humans (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus [CCHFV]) and livestock (Nairobi sheep disease virus [NSDV], also known as Ganjam virus), as well as a large number of viruses for which the normal vertebrate host has not been established. Studies on this group of viruses have been fairly limited, not least because CCHFV is a BSL4 human pathogen, restricting the number of labs able to study the live virus, while NSDV, although highly pathogenic in naive animals, is not seen as a threat in developed countries, making it a low priority. Nevertheless, recent years have seen significant progress in our understanding of the biology of these viruses, particularly that of CCHFV, and this article seeks to draw together our existing knowledge to generate an overall picture of their molecular biology, underlining areas of particular ignorance for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Lasecka
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Michael D. Baron
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fraisier C, Rodrigues R, Vu Hai V, Belghazi M, Bourdon S, Paranhos-Baccala G, Camoin L, Almeras L, Peyrefitte CN. Hepatocyte pathway alterations in response to in vitro Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Virus Res 2014; 179:187-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Reactive oxygen species activate NFκB (p65) and p53 and induce apoptosis in RVFV infected liver cells. Virology 2014; 449:270-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
50
|
Ergönül Ö. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Emerg Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416975-3.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|