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Yang JW, Zou Y, Chen J, Cui C, Song J, Yang MM, Gao J, Hu HQ, Xia LQ, Wang LM, Lv XY, Chen L, Hou XG. Didymin alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) via the stimulation of Sirt1-mediated lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:921. [PMID: 38115075 PMCID: PMC10731721 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic syndromes worldwide. However, no approved pharmacological treatments are available for MAFLD. Chenpi, one kind of dried peel of citrus fruits, has traditionally been utilized as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Didymin is a newly identified oral bioactive dietary flavonoid glycoside derived from Chenpi. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Didymin as an anti-MAFLD drug and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mice and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were utilized to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of Didymin in the treatment of MAFLD. Liver weight, serum biochemical parameters, and liver morphology were examined to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of Didymin in MAFLD treatment. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify potential pathways that could be affected by Didymin. The impact of Didymin on Sirt1 was corroborated through western blot, molecular docking analysis, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and deacetylase activity assay. Then, a Sirt1 inhibitor (EX-527) was utilized to confirm that Didymin alleviates MAFLD via Sirt1. Western blot and additional assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our results suggested that Didymin may possess therapeutic potential against MAFLD in vitro and in vivo. By promoting Sirt1 expression as well as directly binding to and activating Sirt1, Didymin triggers downstream pathways that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function while reducing apoptosis and enhancing lipophagy. CONCLUSIONS These suggest that Didymin could be a promising medication for MAFLD treatment. Furthermore, its therapeutic effects are mediated by Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Qing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Long-Qing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Guo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Seabrook LT, Peterson CS, Noble D, Sobey M, Tayyab T, Kenney T, Judge AK, Armstrong M, Lin S, Borgland SL. Short- and Long-Term High-Fat Diet Exposure Differentially Alters Phasic and Tonic GABAergic Signaling onto Lateral Orbitofrontal Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8582-8595. [PMID: 37793910 PMCID: PMC10727176 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0831-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic consumption of caloric dense high-fat foods is a major contributor to increased body weight, obesity, and other chronic health conditions. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is critical in guiding decisions about food intake and is altered with diet-induced obesity. Obese rodents have altered morphologic and synaptic electrophysiological properties in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC). Yet the time course by which exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) induces these changes is poorly understood. Here, male mice are exposed to either short-term (7 d) or long-term (90 d) HFD. Long-term HFD exposure increases body weight, and glucose signaling compared with short-term HFD or a standard control diet (SCD). Both short and long-term HFD exposure increased the excitability of lOFC pyramidal neurons. However, phasic and tonic GABAergic signaling was differentially altered depending on HFD exposure length, such that tonic GABAergic signaling was decreased with early exposure to the HFD and phasic signaling was changed with long-term diet exposure. Furthermore, alterations in the short-term diet exposure were transient, as removal of the diet restored electrophysiological characteristics similar to mice fed SCD, whereas long-term HFD electrophysiological changes were persistent and remained after HFD removal. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in reward devaluation occur early with diet exposure. Together, these results suggest that the duration of HFD exposure differentially alters lOFC function and provides mechanistic insights into the susceptibility of the OFC to impairments in outcome devaluation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study provides mechanistic insight on the impact of short-term and long-term high-fat diet (HFD) exposure on GABAergic function in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), a region known to guide decision-making. We find short-term HFD exposure induces transient changes in firing and tonic GABA action on lOFC pyramidal neurons, whereas long-term HFD induces obesity and has lasting changes on firing, tonic GABA and inhibitory synaptic transmission onto lOFC neurons. Given that GABAergic signaling in the lOFC can influence decision-making around food, these results have important implications in present society as palatable energy dense foods are abundantly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Seabrook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Colleen S Peterson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Duncan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marissa Sobey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Temoor Tayyab
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tyra Kenney
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Allap K Judge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mataea Armstrong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shihao Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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McCall KD, Walter D, Patton A, Thuma JR, Courreges MC, Palczewski G, Goetz DJ, Bergmeier S, Schwartz FL. Anti-Inflammatory and Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Inflammation in a Male C57BL/6J Mouse Model of Obesity-Induced NAFLD/MAFLD. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5339-5366. [PMID: 38026235 PMCID: PMC10658948 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s413565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States. Presently, there is an intense and ongoing effort to identify and develop novel therapeutics for this disease. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity of a new compound, termed IOI-214, and its therapeutic potential to ameliorate NAFLD/MAFLD in male C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. Methods Murine macrophages and hepatocytes in culture were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ± IOI-214 or DMSO (vehicle), and RT-qPCR analyses of inflammatory cytokine gene expression were used to assess IOI-214's anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Male C57BL/6J mice were also placed on a HF diet and treated once daily with IOI-214 or DMSO for 16 weeks. Tissues were collected and analyzed to determine the effects of IOI-214 on HF diet-induced NAFL D/MAFLD. Measurements such as weight, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, liver/serum triglyceride, insulin, and glucose tolerance tests, ELISAs, metabolomics, Western blots, histology, gut microbiome, and serum LPS binding protein analyses were conducted. Results IOI-214 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and hepatocytes in culture and abrogated HF diet-induced mesenteric fat accumulation, hepatic inflammation and steatosis/hepatocellular ballooning, as well as fasting hyperglycemia without affecting insulin resistance or fasting insulin, cholesterol or TG levels despite overall obesity in vivo in male C57BL/6J mice. IOI-214 also decreased systemic inflammation in vivo and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis and leaky gut. Conclusion Combined, these data indicate that IOI-214 works at multiple levels in parallel to inhibit the inflammation that drives HF diet-induced NAFLD/MAFLD, suggesting that it may have therapeutic potential for NAFLD/MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D McCall
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Debra Walter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Patton
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jean R Thuma
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria C Courreges
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Douglas J Goetz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Bergmeier
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ohio University College of Arts & Sciences, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Frank L Schwartz
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, OH, USA
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Xu J, Zhang LW, Feng H, Tang Y, Fu SQ, Liu XM, Zhu XY. The Chinese herbal medicine Dai-Zong-Fang promotes browning of white adipocytes in vivo and in vitro by activating PKA pathway to ameliorate obesity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1176443. [PMID: 37251344 PMCID: PMC10211343 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1176443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The global prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly. Conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) into beige adipose tissue with heat-consuming characteristics, i.e., WAT browning, effectively inhibits obesity. Dai-Zong-Fang (DZF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has long been used to treat metabolic syndrome and obesity. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanism of DZF against obesity. Methods: In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diets to establish the diet-induced obese (DIO) model. DZF (0.40 g/kg and 0.20 g/kg) and metformin (0.15 g/kg, positive control drug) were used as intervention drugs for six weeks, respectively. The effects of DZF on body size, blood glucose and lipid level, structure and morphology of adipocytes and browning of inguinal WAT (iWAT) in DIO mice were observed. In vitro, mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as the model. Concentrations of DZF (0.8 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL) were selected according to the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). After 2d intervention, lipid droplet morphology was observed by BODIPY493/503 staining, and mitochondria number was observed by mito-tracker Green staining. H-89 dihydrochloride, a PKA inhibitor, was used to observe the change in browning markers' expression. The expression levels of browning markers UCP1 and PGC-1α and key molecules of PKA pathway were detected in vivo and in vitro. Results: In vivo, compared with vehicle control group, 0.40 g/kg DZF significantly reduced obesity in DIO mice from body weight, abdomen circumference, Lee's index, and WAT/body weight (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). 0.40 g/kg DZF also significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). The iWAT's morphology and mitochondria were browning after DZF intervention. In HE-staining, the lipid droplets became smaller, and the number of mitochondria increased. The mitochondrial structure was remodeled under the electron microscope. The expression of UCP1, PGC-1α and PKA was elevated in iWAT detected by RT-qPCR (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). In vitro, compared with the control group, 0.8 mg/mL DZF intervention significantly increased the number of mitochondria and expression of UCP1, PGC-1α, PKA, and pCREB (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In contrast, UCP1 and PGC-1α expression were significantly reversed after adding PKA inhibitor H-89 dihydrochloride. Conclusion: DZF can promote UCP1 expression by activating the PKA pathway, thereby promoting browning of WAT, attenuating obesity, and reducing obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities, indicating that DZF has the potential to be selected as an anti-obesity drug to benefit obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Qiang Fu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ming Liu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Blair MC, Neinast MD, Jang C, Chu Q, Jung JW, Axsom J, Bornstein MR, Thorsheim C, Li K, Hoshino A, Yang S, Roth Flach RJ, Zhang BB, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Branched-chain amino acid catabolism in muscle affects systemic BCAA levels but not insulin resistance. Nat Metab 2023; 5:589-606. [PMID: 37100997 PMCID: PMC10278155 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes since the 1960s. Pharmacological activation of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), the rate-limiting enzyme of BCAA oxidation, lowers plasma BCAAs and improves insulin sensitivity. Here we show that modulation of BCKDH in skeletal muscle, but not liver, affects fasting plasma BCAAs in male mice. However, despite lowering BCAAs, increased BCAA oxidation in skeletal muscle does not improve insulin sensitivity. Our data indicate that skeletal muscle controls plasma BCAAs, that lowering fasting plasma BCAAs is insufficient to improve insulin sensitivity and that neither skeletal muscle nor liver account for the improved insulin sensitivity seen with pharmacological activation of BCKDH. These findings suggest potential concerted contributions of multiple tissues in the modulation of BCAA metabolism to alter insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Blair
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessie Axsom
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc R Bornstein
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chelsea Thorsheim
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Steven Yang
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Liu T, Xu Y, Yi CX, Tong Q, Cai D. The hypothalamus for whole-body physiology: from metabolism to aging. Protein Cell 2022; 13:394-421. [PMID: 33826123 PMCID: PMC9095790 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are two important epidemic factors for metabolic syndrome and many other health issues, which contribute to devastating diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and cancers. The brain plays a central role in controlling metabolic physiology in that it integrates information from other metabolic organs, sends regulatory projections and orchestrates the whole-body function. Emerging studies suggest that brain dysfunction in sensing various internal cues or processing external cues may have profound effects on metabolic and other physiological functions. This review highlights brain dysfunction linked to genetic mutations, sex, brain inflammation, microbiota, stress as causes for whole-body pathophysiology, arguing brain dysfunction as a root cause for the epidemic of aging and obesity-related disorders. We also speculate key issues that need to be addressed on how to reveal relevant brain dysfunction that underlines the development of these disorders and diseases in order to develop new treatment strategies against these health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemin Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XChildren’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Qingchun Tong
- grid.453726.10000 0004 5906 7293Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Graduate Program in Neuroscience of MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461 USA
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Risi R, Rossini G, Tozzi R, Pieralice S, Monte L, Masi D, Castagneto-Gissey L, Gallo IF, Strigari L, Casella G, Bruni V, Manfrini S, Gnessi L, Tuccinardi D, Watanabe M. Gender Difference in the Safety and Efficacy of Bariatric Procedures: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; 18:983-996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Torres Irizarry VC, Jiang Y, He Y, Xu P. Hypothalamic Estrogen Signaling and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:898139. [PMID: 35757435 PMCID: PMC9218066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic, and it is a major risk factor for other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is sex-specific metabolic protection and disease susceptibility. For instance, in both clinical and experimental studies, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. In line with this, males tend to have more visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and less brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, both leading to an increased incidence of metabolic disorders. This female-specific fat distribution is partially mediated by sex hormone estrogens. Specifically, hypothalamic estrogen signaling plays a vital role in regulating WAT distribution, WAT beiging, and BAT thermogenesis. These regulatory effects on adipose tissue metabolism are primarily mediated by the activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in neurons, which interacts with hormones and adipokines such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin. This review discusses the contribution of adipose tissue dysfunction to obesity and the role of hypothalamic estrogen signaling in preventing metabolic diseases with a particular focus on the VMH, the central regulator of energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C. Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
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9
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Pang H, Li J, Wang Y, Su X, Gao Y, Li SJ. Mice lacking the proton channel Hv1 exhibit sex-specific differences in glucose homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101212. [PMID: 34547291 PMCID: PMC8503595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex as a physiologic factor has a strong association with the features of metabolic syndrome. Our previous study showed that loss of the voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 inhibits insulin secretion and leads to hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in male mice. However, there are significant differences in blood glucose between male and female Hv1-knockout (KO) mice. Here, we investigated the differences in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity between male and female KO mice and how sex steroids contribute to these differences. We found that the fasting blood glucose in female KO mice was visibly lower than that in male KO mice, which was accompanied by hypotestosteronemia. KO mice in both sexes exhibited higher expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes in liver compared with WT mice. Also, the livers from KO males displayed a decrease in glycolysis-related gene expression and an increase in gluconeogenesis-related gene expression compared with KO females. Furthermore, exogenous testosterone supplementation decreased blood glucose levels in male KO mice, as well as enhancing insulin signaling. Taken together, our data demonstrate that knockout of Hv1 results in higher blood glucose levels in male than female mice, despite a decreased insulin secretion in both sexes. This sex-related difference in glucose homeostasis is associated with the glucose metabolism in liver tissue, likely due to the physiological levels of testosterone in KO male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Pang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Li
- Biology Laboratory, Tianjin High School, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shu Jie Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Physics Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; Biomedical Research Center, Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong, PR China.
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10
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Nishida Y, Hara M, Higaki Y, Taguchi N, Nakamura K, Nanri H, Imaizumi T, Sakamoto T, Shimanoe C, Horita M, Shinchi K, Tanaka K. Sedentary time, physical activity, and serum SPARC in a middle-aged population. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1786-1794. [PMID: 34452589 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1974573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of habitual physical activity (PA) on the circulating levels of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) remains unclear. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the effects of sedentary time, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) on the serum SPARC in a general middle-aged population. The current study is a cross-sectional study of 4,000 men and 6,040 women (40-69 years). Sedentary time, LPA, and MVPA were objectively measured by an accelerometer. The serum SPARC concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using an isotemporal substitution model, cross-sectional associations of replacing sedentary time with either LPA or MVPA on serum SPARC levels were analysed according to sex. Interactions with subject characteristics, such as the body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption, were also examined. In men, replacing 60 min of sedentary time with 60 min of MVPA was significantly associated with 23 ng/mL lower serum SPARC levels (confidence interval: -43, -2) after adjusting for confounders, including the BMI (P = 0.028). A significant interaction between replacing sedentary behaviour with LPA and the BMI on SPARC was detected in women (P = 0.029), although the stratified associations for each BMI level (<25 or ≥25 kg/m2) did not reach significance. The current study suggests that replacing sedentary time with MVPA is associated with reduced serum SPARC levels in middle-aged men, but not in women. In addition, a potential interaction between LPA and the BMI on SPARC was also found in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Taguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Hinako Nanri
- Section of Energy Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imaizumi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Sakamoto
- Tosu Public Health and Welfare Office, Saga Prefectural Government, Tosu, Japan
| | | | - Mikako Horita
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinchi
- Division of International Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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11
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Genomic and Non-Genomic Actions of Glucocorticoids on Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168503. [PMID: 34445209 PMCID: PMC8395154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that aid the body under stress by regulating glucose and free fatty acids. GCs maintain energy homeostasis in multiple tissues, including those in the liver and skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT stores energy as triglycerides, while BAT uses fatty acids for heat generation. The multiple genomic and non-genomic pathways in GC signaling vary with exposure duration, location (adipose tissue depot), and species. Genomic effects occur directly through the cytosolic GC receptor (GR), regulating the expression of proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as ATGL and HSL. Non-genomic effects act through mechanisms often independent of the cytosolic GR and happen shortly after GC exposure. Studying the effects of GCs on adipose tissue breakdown and generation (lipolysis and adipogenesis) leads to insights for treatment of adipose-related diseases, such as obesity, coronary disease, and cancer, but has led to controversy among researchers, largely due to the complexity of the process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the genomic and non-genomic effects of GCs on WAT and BAT lipolysis and proposes research to address the many gaps in knowledge related to GC activity and its effects on disease.
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12
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Thiele A, Luettges K, Ritter D, Beyhoff N, Smeir E, Grune J, Steinhoff JS, Schupp M, Klopfleisch R, Rothe M, Wilck N, Bartolomaeus H, Migglautsch AK, Breinbauer R, Kershaw EE, Grabner GF, Zechner R, Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A. Pharmacological inhibition of adipose tissue adipose triglyceride lipase by Atglistatin prevents catecholamine-induced myocardial damage. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2488-2505. [PMID: 34061169 PMCID: PMC9890462 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) is characterized by an overactivation of β-adrenergic signalling that directly contributes to impairment of myocardial function. Moreover, β-adrenergic overactivation induces adipose tissue lipolysis, which may further worsen the development of HF. Recently, we demonstrated that adipose tissue-specific deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) prevents pressure-mediated HF in mice. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of a new pharmacological inhibitor of ATGL, Atglistatin, predominantly targeting ATGL in adipose tissue, on catecholamine-induced cardiac damage. METHODS AND RESULTS Male 129/Sv mice received repeated injections of isoproterenol (ISO, 25 mg/kg BW) to induce cardiac damage. Five days prior to ISO application, oral Atglistatin (2 mmol/kg diet) or control treatment was started. Two and twelve days after the last ISO injection cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. The myocardial deformation was evaluated using speckle-tracking-technique. Twelve days after the last ISO injection, echocardiographic analysis revealed a markedly impaired global longitudinal strain, which was significantly improved by the application of Atglistatin. No changes in ejection fraction were observed. Further studies included histological-, WB-, and RT-qPCR-based analysis of cardiac tissue, followed by cell culture experiments and mass spectrometry-based lipidome analysis. ISO application induced subendocardial fibrosis and a profound pro-apoptotic cardiac response, as demonstrated using an apoptosis-specific gene expression-array. Atglistatin treatment led to a dramatic reduction of these pro-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic processes. We then identified a specific set of fatty acids (FAs) liberated from adipocytes under ISO stimulation (palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid), which induced pro-apoptotic effects in cardiomyocytes. Atglistatin significantly blocked this adipocytic FA secretion. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates cardioprotective effects of Atglistatin in a mouse model of catecholamine-induced cardiac damage/dysfunction, involving anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic actions. Notably, beneficial cardioprotective effects of Atglistatin are likely mediated by non-cardiac actions, supporting the concept that pharmacological targeting of adipose tissue may provide an effective way to treat cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Thiele
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Luettges
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Ritter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyhoff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Elia Smeir
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia S Steinhoff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Wilck
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany,Division of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna K Migglautsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anna Foryst-Ludwig
- Corresponding author. Tel: +49 30 450 525 373; fax: +49 30 450 525 901, E-mail:
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13
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Synergetic Action of Forskolin and Mevastatin Induce Normalization of Lipids Profile in Dyslipidemic Rats through Adenosine Monophosphate Kinase Upregulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6687551. [PMID: 34104650 PMCID: PMC8159628 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the synergetic effect of forskolin and mevastatin administration on lipid profile and lipid metabolism in omental adipose tissue in dyslipidemic rats. The study was conducted on forty male albino rats. The rats were randomly classified into four main groups of ten animals in each group as follows: group A, served as control nontreated; group B, rats that received Triton WR 1339 (500 mg/kg); group C, rats that received Triton WR 1339 with forskolin (100% FSK extract 0.5 mg/kg/day) for four weeks; and group D, dyslipidemic rats received both mevastatin and forskolin. At the end of the experimental period, blood and omental adipose tissue samples were collected, preserved, and used for biochemical determination of lipid profile and mRNA expression profile of adenylate cyclase (AC), hormone-sensitive lipase, respectively (HSL), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The results showed a significant decline in the serum concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, although there was a significant increase in serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and glycerol in rats received forskolin alone or with mevastatin when compared with control and dyslipidemic groups. The mRNA expression levels of AC, HSL, and AMPK were significantly increased in omental adipose tissue of rats received forskolin when compared with other groups. In conclusion, forskolin acts synergistically with mevastatin to lower lipid profile and improve lipid metabolism in dyslipidemic rats through upregulation of AMPK expression.
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14
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Siroli L, Burns P, Borgo F, Puntillo M, Drago S, Forzani L, D’ Alessandro ME, Reinheimer J, Perotti C, Vinderola G. Sex-dependent effects of a yoghurt enriched with proteins in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Filatov E, Short LI, Forster MAM, Harris SS, Schien EN, Hughes MC, Cline DL, Appleby CJ, Gray SL. Contribution of thermogenic mechanisms by male and female mice lacking pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in response to cold acclimation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E475-E487. [PMID: 33356993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00205.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide critical to the regulation of the stress response, including having a role in energy homeostasis. Mice lacking PACAP are cold-sensitive and have impaired adrenergic-induced thermogenesis. Interestingly, Pacap null mice can survive cold housing if acclimated slowly, similar to observations in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-deficient mice. We hypothesized that Pacap null mice use alternate thermogenic pathways to compensate for impaired adaptive thermogenesis when acclimated to cold. Observations of behavior and assessment of fiber type in skeletal muscles did not show evidence of prolonged burst shivering or changes in oxidative metabolism in male or female Pacap-/- mice during cold acclimation compared with Pacap+/+ mice. Despite previous work that has established impaired capacity for adaptive thermogenesis in Pacap null mice, adaptive thermogenesis can be induced in mice lacking PACAP to support survival with cold housing. Interestingly, sex-specific morphological and molecular differences in adipose tissue remodeling were observed in Pacap null mice compared with controls. Thus, sexual dimorphisms are highlighted in adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis with cold acclimation in the absence of PACAP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript adds to the literature of endocrine regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and energy balance. It specifically describes the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on the regulation of brown adipose tissue via the sympathetic nervous system with a focus on compensatory mechanisms of thermogenesis. We highlight sex-specific differences in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Filatov
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Landon I Short
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maeghan A M Forster
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon S Harris
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erik N Schien
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Malcolm C Hughes
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daemon L Cline
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin J Appleby
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah L Gray
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Sachs S, Niu L, Geyer P, Jall S, Kleinert M, Feuchtinger A, Stemmer K, Brielmeier M, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH, Wewer Albrechtsen N, Mann M, Müller TD, Hofmann SM. Plasma proteome profiles treatment efficacy of incretin dual agonism in diet-induced obese female and male mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:195-207. [PMID: 33001570 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Unimolecular peptides targeting the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (GLP-1/GIP co-agonist) have been shown to outperform each single peptide in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in preclinical and clinical trials. By combining physiological treatment endpoints with plasma proteomic profiling (PPP), we aimed to identify biomarkers to advance non-invasive metabolic monitoring of compound treatment success and exploration of ulterior treatment effects on an individual basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed metabolic phenotyping along with PPP in body weight-matched male and female diet-induced obese (DIO) mice treated for 21 days with phosphate-buffered saline, single GIP and GLP-1 mono-agonists, or a GLP-1/GIP co-agonist. RESULTS GLP-1R/GIPR co-agonism improved obesity, glucose intolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidaemia with superior efficacy in both male and female mice compared with mono-agonist treatments. PPP revealed broader changes of plasma proteins after GLP-1/GIP co-agonist compared with mono-agonist treatments in both sexes, including established and potential novel biomarkers for systemic inflammation, NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Subtle sex-specific differences have been observed in metabolic phenotyping and PPP. CONCLUSIONS We herein show that a recently developed unimolecular GLP-1/GIP co-agonist is more efficient in improving metabolic disease than either mono-agonist in both sexes. PPP led to the identification of a sex-independent protein panel with the potential to monitor non-invasively the treatment efficacies on metabolic function of this clinically advancing GLP-1/GIP co-agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sachs
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lili Niu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Geyer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sigrid Jall
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Brielmeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard D DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, Munich, Germany
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17
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Diabetogenic diet-induced insulin resistance associates with lipid droplet proteins and adipose tissue secretome, but not with sexual dimorphic adipose tissue fat accumulation in wistar rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100831. [PMID: 33088930 PMCID: PMC7559855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sexual dimorphic adipose tissue fat accumulation in the development of insulin resistance is well known. However, whether vitamin A status and/or its metabolic pathway display any sex- or depot (visceral/subcutaneous)-specific pattern and have a role in sexual dimorphic adipose tissue development and insulin resistance are not completely understood. Therefore, to assess this, 5 weeks old Wistar male and female rats of eight from each sex were provided either control or diabetogenic (high fat, high sucrose) diet for 26 weeks. At the end, consumption of diabetogenic diet increased the visceral fat depots (p < 0.001) in the males and subcutaneous depot (p < 0.05) in the female rats, compared to their sex-matched controls. On the other hand, it caused adipocyte hypertrophy (p < 0.05) of visceral depot (retroperitoneal) in the females and subcutaneous depot of the male rats. Although vitamin A levels displayed sex- and depot-specific increase due to the consumption of diabetogenic diet, the expression of most of its metabolic pathway genes in adipose depots remained unaltered. However, the mRNA levels of some of lipid droplet proteins (perilipins) and adipose tissue secretory proteins (interleukins, lipocalin-2) did display sexual dimorphism. Nonetheless, the long-term feeding of diabetogenic diet impaired the insulin sensitivity, thus affected glucose clearance rate and muscle glucose-uptake in both the sexes of rats. In conclusion, the chronic consumption of diabetogenic diet caused insulin resistance in the male and female rats, but did not corroborate with sexual dimorphic adipose tissue fat accumulation or its vitamin A status. Role of vitamin A and its metabolic pathway on sexual dimorphic fat accumulation and insulin resistance was studied. Consumption of diabetogenic diet caused insulin resistance, but not associated with sexual-dimorphic fat deposition. Vitamin A accumulation displayed a sex- and fat depot-specific pattern without altering its metabolic pathway genes. However, the lipid droplet proteins and secretome of the adipose depots displayed sex- and/or depot-specific pattern.
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Nishida Y, Hara M, Fuku N, Taguchi N, Horita M, Shimanoe C, Higaki Y, Tanaka K. The interaction between mitochondrial haplogroups (M7a/D) and physical activity on adiponectin in a Japanese population. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:234-242. [PMID: 32565400 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial haplogroups F, A, and M7a are associated with increased risks of lifestyle diseases, while haplogroups N9 and D are associated with decreased risks of lifestyle diseases or with longevity. The current study determined the existence of interactions between 5 selected haplogroups and physical activity (PA) on total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin in 3,994 men and 6,014 women. The interactions between haplogroups (M7a/D) and PA on adiponectin were significant in men (total and HMW: P-interaction = 0.041 and 0.011). The positive association of PA with adiponectin in men carrying haplogroup M7a is attenuated in comparison to men carrying haplogroup D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Hiraka-Gakuendai 1-1, Inzai-Shi, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Naoto Taguchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mikako Horita
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Chisato Shimanoe
- Clinical Research Center, Saga University Hospital, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 8-19-1, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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19
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Moreira-Pais A, Ferreira R, Neves JS, Vitorino R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Nogueira-Ferreira R. Sex differences on adipose tissue remodeling: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:483-493. [PMID: 32152705 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism greatly influences adipose tissue remodeling, which is characterized by changes in the activity, number, and/or size of adipocytes in response to distinct stimuli, including lifestyle and anti-obesity drugs. This sex dependence seems to be due to the anatomical and endocrine disparities between men and women. At the molecular level, sex hormones are believed to mediate such differences and involve estrogen and androgen receptor-induced gene expression. The signaling pathways that regulate adipose tissue metabolism and function include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), among other molecular players. Sex hormone-related pathways also interplay with adrenergic signaling, probably the most well-characterized molecular mechanism implicated in the remodeling of white adipose tissue. This review overviews and integrates the signaling pathways behind sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue remodeling, hoping to increase the knowledge on the pathogenesis of diseases, such as obesity and related comorbidities, and consequently, to drive future studies to investigate the regulation of this tissue homeostasis, either in men or women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.,UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Yang Y, Fu M, Li MD, Zhang K, Zhang B, Wang S, Liu Y, Ni W, Ong Q, Mi J, Yang X. O-GlcNAc transferase inhibits visceral fat lipolysis and promotes diet-induced obesity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 31924761 PMCID: PMC6954210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive visceral fat accumulation is a primary risk factor for metabolically unhealthy obesity and related diseases. The visceral fat is highly susceptible to the availability of external nutrients. Nutrient flux into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway leads to protein posttranslational modification by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is responsible for the addition of GlcNAc moieties to target proteins. Here, we report that inducible deletion of adipose OGT causes a rapid visceral fat loss by specifically promoting lipolysis in visceral fat. Mechanistically, visceral fat maintains a high level of O-GlcNAcylation during fasting. Loss of OGT decreases O-GlcNAcylation of lipid droplet-associated perilipin 1 (PLIN1), which leads to elevated PLIN1 phosphorylation and enhanced lipolysis. Moreover, adipose OGT overexpression inhibits lipolysis and promotes diet-induced obesity. These findings establish an essential role for OGT in adipose tissue homeostasis and indicate a unique potential for targeting O-GlcNAc signaling in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Minnie Fu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Simeng Wang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Weiming Ni
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jia Mi
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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21
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Sex Differences in Liver, Adipose Tissue, and Muscle Transcriptional Response to Fasting and Refeeding in Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121529. [PMID: 31783664 PMCID: PMC6953068 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is often used for obesity correction but the “refeeding syndrome” limits its efficiency, and molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic response to different food availability are under investigation. Sex was shown to affect hormonal and metabolic reactions to fasting/refeeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate hormonal and transcriptional responses to fasting and refeeding in male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Sex asymmetry was observed both at the hormonal and transcriptional levels. Fasting (24 h) induced increase in hepatic Fgf21 gene expression, which was associated with elevation of plasma FGF21 and adiponectin levels, and the upregulation of expression of hepatic (Pparα, Cpt1α) and muscle (Cpt1β, Ucp3) genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. These changes were more pronounced in females. Refeeding (6 h) evoked hyperinsulinemia and increased hepatic expression of gene related to lipogenesis (Fasn) only in males and hyperleptinemia and increase in Fgf21 gene expression in muscles and adipose tissues only in females. The results suggest that in mice, one of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex asymmetry in hepatic Pparα, Cpt1α, muscle Cpt1β, and Ucp3 expression during fasting is hepatic Fgf21 expression, and the reason for sex asymmetry in hepatic Fasn expression during refeeding is male-specific hyperinsulinemia.
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22
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Reilly AM, Zhou S, Panigrahi SK, Yan S, Conley JM, Sheets PL, Wardlaw SL, Ren H. Gpr17 deficiency in POMC neurons ameliorates the metabolic derangements caused by long-term high-fat diet feeding. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 31611548 PMCID: PMC6791877 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) control energy homeostasis by sensing hormonal and nutrient cues and activating secondary melanocortin sensing neurons. We identified the expression of a G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr17, in the ARH and hypothesized that it contributes to the regulatory function of POMC neurons on metabolism. Methods In order to test this hypothesis, we generated POMC neuron-specific Gpr17 knockout (PGKO) mice and determined their energy and glucose metabolic phenotypes on normal chow diet (NCD) and high-fat diet (HFD). Results Adult PGKO mice on NCD displayed comparable body composition and metabolic features measured by indirect calorimetry. By contrast, PGKO mice on HFD demonstrated a sexually dimorphic phenotype with female PGKO mice displaying better metabolic homeostasis. Notably, female PGKO mice gained significantly less body weight and adiposity (p < 0.01), which was associated with increased energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and respiratory quotient, while males did not have an overt change in energy homeostasis. Though PGKO mice of both sexes had comparable glucose and insulin tolerance, detailed analyses of liver gene expression and serum metabolites indicate that PGKO mice could have reduced gluconeogenesis and increased lipid utilization on HFD. To elucidate the central-based mechanism(s) underlying the better-preserved energy and glucose homeostasis in PGKO mice on HFD, we examined the electrophysiological properties of POMC neurons and found Gpr17 deficiency led to increased spontaneous action potentials. Moreover, PGKO mice, especially female knockouts, had increased POMC-derived alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin despite a comparable level of prohormone POMC in their hypothalamic extracts. Conclusions Gpr17 deficiency in POMC neurons protects metabolic homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner during dietary and aging challenges, suggesting that Gpr17 could be an effective anti-obesity target in specific populations with poor metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Reilly
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shudi Zhou
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sunil K Panigrahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shijun Yan
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason M Conley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Patrick L Sheets
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sharon L Wardlaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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23
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Claus Henn BG, Griffith KN, Howes BL, Schlezinger DR, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Altered lipid homeostasis in a PCB-resistant Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) population from New Bedford Harbor, MA, U.S.A. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:30-43. [PMID: 30822701 PMCID: PMC6544361 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel species such as the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) living in urban waterways can be used as toxicological models to understand impacts of environmental metabolism disrupting compound (MDC) exposure on both wildlife and humans. Exposure to MDCs is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including impaired lipid and glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, appetite control, and basal metabolism. MDCs are ubiquitous in the environment, including in aquatic environments. New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts is polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and, as we show for the first time, tin (Sn). PCBs and organotins are ligands for two receptor systems known to regulate lipid homeostasis, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), respectively. In the current study, we compared lipid homeostasis in laboratory-reared killifish from NBH (F2) and a reference location (Scorton Creek, Massachusetts; F1 and F2) to evaluate how adaptation to local conditions may influence responses to MDCs. Adult killifish from each population were exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126, dioxin-like), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153, non-dioxin-like), or tributyltin (TBT, a PPARγ ligand) by a single intraperitoneal injection and analyzed after 3 days. AHR activation was assessed by measuring cyp1a mRNA expression. Lipid homeostasis was evaluated phenotypically by measuring liver triglycerides and organosomatic indices, and at the molecular level by measuring the mRNA expression of pparg and ppara and a target gene for each receptor. Acute MDC exposure did not affect phenotypic outcomes. However, overall NBH killifish had higher liver triglycerides and adiposomatic indices than SC killifish. Both season and population were significant predictors of the lipid phenotype. Acute MDC exposure altered hepatic gene expression only in male killifish from SC. PCB126 exposure induced cyp1a and pparg, whereas PCB153 exposure induced ppara. TBT exposure did not induce ppar-dependent pathways. Comparison of lipid homeostasis in two killifish populations extends our understanding of how MDCs act on fish and provides a basis to infer adaptive benefits of these differences in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wendy J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Birgit G Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin N Griffith
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian L Howes
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - David R Schlezinger
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Stobdan T, Sahoo D, Azad P, Hartley I, Heinrichsen E, Zhou D, Haddad GG. High fat diet induces sex-specific differential gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213474. [PMID: 30861021 PMCID: PMC6413938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently about 2 billion adults globally are estimated to be overweight and ~13% of them are obese. High fat diet (HFD) is one of the major contributing factor to obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Recent findings on the role of HFD in inducing abnormalities in neurocognition and susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease are highly intriguing. Since fundamental molecular pathways are often conserved across species, studies involving Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involving human disease. In order to study some of such mechanisms in the central nervous system as well in the rest of the body, we investigated the effect of HFD on the transcriptome in the heads and bodies of male and female flies kept on either HFD or regular diet (RD). Using comprehensive genomic analyses which include high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, pathway enrichment and gene network analyses, we found that HFD induces a number of responses that are sexually dimorphic in nature. There was a robust transcriptional response consisting of a downregulation of stress-related genes in the heads and glycoside hydrolase activity genes in the bodies of males. In the females, the HFD led to an increased transcriptional change in lipid metabolism. A strong correlation also existed between the takeout gene and hyperphagic behavior in both males and females. We conclude that a) HFD induces a differential transcriptional response between males and females, in heads and bodies and b) the non-dimorphic transcriptional response that we identified was associated with hyperphagia. Therefore, our data on the transcriptional responses in flies to HFD provides potentially relevant information to human conditions including obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsering Stobdan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Priti Azad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Iain Hartley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Erilynn Heinrichsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel G. Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Abstract
Sex differences exist in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for sexual dimorphism in energy balance may facilitate development of gender-specific therapies for human diseases, e.g. obesity. Multiple organs, including the brain, liver, fat and muscle, play important roles in the regulations of feeding behavior, energy expenditure and physical activity, which therefore contribute to the maintenance of energy balance. It has been increasingly appreciated that this multi-organ system is under different regulations in male vs. female animals. Much of effort has been focused on roles of sex hormones (including androgens, estrogens and progesterone) and sex chromosomes in this sex-specific regulation of energy balance. Emerging evidence also indicates that other factors (not sex hormones/receptors and not encoded by the sex chromosomes) exist to regulate energy homeostasis differentially in males vs. females. In this review, we summarize factors and signals that have been shown to regulate energy homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic fashion and propose a framework where these factors and signals may be integrated to mediate sex differences in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yong Xu
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
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26
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Holder MK, Peters NV, Whylings J, Fields CT, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B, de Vries GJ. Dietary emulsifiers consumption alters anxiety-like and social-related behaviors in mice in a sex-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2019; 9:172. [PMID: 30655577 PMCID: PMC6336787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary emulsifiers carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate 80 (P80) alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota and induce chronic low-grade inflammation, ultimately leading to metabolic dysregulations in mice. As both gut microbiota and intestinal health can influence social and anxiety-like behaviors, we investigated whether emulsifier consumption would detrimentally influence behavior. We confirmed that emulsifier exposure induced chronic intestinal inflammation, increased adiposity, and altered gut microbiota composition in both male and female mice, although the specific microboal taxa altered following emulsifier consumption occurred in a sex-dependent manner. Importantly, emulsifier treatment altered anxiety-like behaviors in males and reduced social behavior in females. It also changed expression of neuropeptides implicated in the modulation of feeding as well as social and anxiety-related behaviors. Multivariate analyses revealed that CMC and P80 produced distinct clustering of physiological, neural, and behavioral effects in male and female mice, suggesting that emulsifier treatment leads to a syndrome of sex-dependent changes in microbiota, physiology, and behavior. This study reveals that these commonly used food additives may potentially negatively impact anxiety-related and social behaviors and may do so via different mechanisms in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Holder
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Nicole V Peters
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jack Whylings
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Geert J de Vries
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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27
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Döring S, Seeßle J, Gan-Schreier H, Javaheri B, Jiao L, Cheng Y, Tuma-Kellner S, Liebisch G, Herrmann T, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Elevation of blood lipids in hepatocyte-specific fatty acid transport 4-deficient mice fed with high glucose diets. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:30-38. [PMID: 30497809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein4 (FATP4) is upregulated in acquired and central obesity and its polymorphisms are associated with blood lipids and insulin resistance. Patients with FATP4 mutations and mice with global FATP4 deletion exhibit skin abnormalities characterized as ischthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS). Cumulating data have shown that an absence of FATP4 increases the levels of cellular triglycerides (TG). However, FATP4 role and consequent lipid and TG metabolism in the hepatocyte is still elusive. Here, hepatocyte-specific FATP4 deficient (Fatp4L-/-) mice were generated. When fed with chow, these mutant mice displayed no phenotypes regarding blood lipids. However when fed low-fat/high-sugar (HS) or high-fat/high-sugar (HFS) for 12 weeks, Fatp4L-/- mice showed a significant increase of plasma TG, free fatty acids and glycerol when compared with diet-fed control mice. Interestingly, Fatp4L-/- mice under HS diet had lower body and liver weights and they were not protected from HFS-induced body weight gain and hepatic steatosis. Male mutant mice were more sensitive to HFS diet than female mutant mice. Glucose intolerance was observed only in female Fatp4L-/- mice fed with HS diet. Lipidomics analyses revealed that hepatic phospholipids were not disturbed in mutant mice under both diets. Thus, hepatic FATP4 deletion rendered an increase of blood lipids including glycerol indicating a preferential fatty-acid channeling to TG pools that are specifically available for lipolysis. Our results imply a possible risk of hyperlipidemia as a result of abnormal metabolism in liver in IPS patients with FATP4 mutations who consume high-sugar diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Döring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahador Javaheri
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Jiao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Westkuesten Hospital, Esmarchstraße 50, 25746 Heide, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Wankhade UD, Zhong Y, Kang P, Alfaro M, Chintapalli SV, Piccolo BD, Mercer KE, Andres A, Thakali KM, Shankar K. Maternal High-Fat Diet Programs Offspring Liver Steatosis in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner in Association with Changes in Gut Microbial Ecology in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16502. [PMID: 30405201 PMCID: PMC6220325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of maternal diet and obesity in shaping offspring microbiome remain unclear. Here we employed a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity via high-fat diet feeding (HFD, 45% fat calories) for 12 wk prior to conception on offspring gut microbial ecology. Male and female offspring were provided access to control or HFD from weaning until 17 wk of age. Maternal HFD-associated programming was sexually dimorphic, with male offspring from HFD dams showing hyper-responsive weight gain to postnatal HFD. Likewise, microbiome analysis of offspring cecal contents showed differences in α-diversity, β-diversity and higher Firmicutes in male compared to female mice. Weight gain in offspring was significantly associated with abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae families and Adlercreutzia, Coprococcus and Lactococcus genera. Sex differences in metagenomic pathways relating to lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and immune response were also observed. HFD-fed male offspring from HFD dams also showed worse hepatic pathology, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered expression of bile acid regulators (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1 and Cyp39a1) and serum bile acid concentrations. These findings suggest that maternal HFD alters gut microbiota composition and weight gain of offspring in a sexually dimorphic manner, coincident with fatty liver and a pro-inflammatory state in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ping Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Maria Alfaro
- Molecular Genetic Pathology Laboratory, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Fuller S, Yu Y, Mendoza T, Ribnicky DM, Cefalu WT, Floyd ZE. Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 30208938 PMCID: PMC6134698 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising, mainly driven by accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. The degree to which sex-related differences could influence the development of insulin resistance remains unclear, and studies of potential therapeutic strategies to combat metabolic syndrome using rodent models have focused predominantly on males. We therefore evaluated the effects of two nutritional supplements derived from botanical sources, an extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (commonly known as bitter melon), on female mice challenged with a high-fat diet in order to determine if dietary intake of these supplements could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. METHODS Body composition, physical activity and energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, and gene and protein expression of factors controlling lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation were evaluated in female mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either PMI5011 or bitter melon. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed t test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS PMI5011 supplementation resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not induce changes in these parameters. Pyruvate tolerance testing indicated that both supplements increased hepatic glucose production. Both supplements induced a significant suppression in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle homogenates treated with pyruvate, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, while bitter melon induced a downward trend in lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. This was accompanied by transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes by bitter melon in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Data from the current study indicates that dietary supplementation with PMI5011 and bitter melon evokes a divergent, and generally less favorable, set of metabolic responses in female mice compared to effects previously observed in males. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in responses to dietary supplementation aimed at combating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William T Cefalu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Z Elizabeth Floyd
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Zheng D, Wang X, Antonson P, Gustafsson JÅ, Li Z. Genomics of sex hormone receptor signaling in hepatic sexual dimorphism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 471:33-41. [PMID: 28554805 PMCID: PMC5702598 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes. Sexual dimorphism is markedly defined in liver disorders, such as fatty liver diseases and liver cancer, but barely addressed in the normal liver. Distinct sex hormone signaling between male and female livers is the major driving factor for hepatic sexual dimorphism. Over 6000 genes are differently expressed between male and female livers in mice. Here we address how sex hormone receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR), mediate sexually dimorphic gene expression in mouse livers. We identified 5192 ERα target genes and 4154 AR target genes using ChIP-Seq. Using liver-specific ERα or AR knockout mice, we further identified direct and functional target genes of ERα (123 genes) and AR (151 genes) that contribute to hepatic sexual dimorphism. We also found that the most significant sexually dimorphic gene expression was initiated at birth by comparing hepatic gene expression data from the embryonic stage E10.5 to the postnatal stage P60 during liver development. Overall, our study indicates that sex hormone receptor signaling drives sexual dimorphism of hepatic gene expression throughout liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoshan Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Per Antonson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge 14183, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Monks J, Orlicky DJ, Stefanski AL, Libby AE, Bales ES, Rudolph MC, Johnson GC, Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Williamson K, Carlson NE, MacLean PS, McManaman JL. Maternal obesity during lactation may protect offspring from high fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 29695710 PMCID: PMC5916951 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The current obesity epidemic has spurred exploration of the developmental origin of adult heath and disease. A mother’s dietary choices and health can affect both the early wellbeing and lifelong disease-risk of the offspring. Subjects/Methods To determine if changes in the mother’s diet and adiposity have long-term effects on the baby’s metabolism, independently from a prenatal insult, we utilized a mouse model of diet-induced-obesity and cross-fostering. All pups were born to lean dams fed a low fat diet but were fostered onto lean or obese dams fed a high fat diet. This study design allowed us to discern the effects of a poor diet from those of mother’s adiposity and metabolism. The weaned offspring were placed on a high fat diet to test their metabolic function. Results In this feeding challenge, all male (but not female) offspring developed metabolic dysfunction. We saw increased weight gain in the pups nursed on an obesity-resistant dam fed a high fat diet, and increased pathogenesis including liver steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation, when compared to pups nursed on either obesity-prone dams on a high fat diet or lean dams on a low fat diet. Conclusion Exposure to maternal over-nutrition, through the milk, is sufficient to shape offspring health outcomes in a sex- and organ-specific manner, and milk from a mother who is obesity-prone may partially protect the offspring from the insult of a poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Monks
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - David J Orlicky
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Adrianne L Stefanski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Elise S Bales
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kayla Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James L McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Wang C, He Y, Xu P, Yang Y, Saito K, Xia Y, Yan X, Hinton A, Yan C, Ding H, Yu L, Shu G, Gupta R, Wu Q, Tong Q, Lagor WR, Flores ER, Xu Y. TAp63 contributes to sexual dimorphism in POMC neuron functions and energy homeostasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1544. [PMID: 29670083 PMCID: PMC5906443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism exists in energy balance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the female mice have more pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus than males, and female POMC neurons display higher neural activities, compared to male counterparts. Strikingly, deletion of the transcription factor, TAp63, in POMC neurons confers "male-like" diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice associated with decreased POMC neural activities; but the same deletion does not affect male mice. Our results indicate that TAp63 in female POMC neurons contributes to the enhanced POMC neuron functions and resistance to obesity in females. Thus, TAp63 in POMC neurons is one key molecular driver for the sexual dimorphism in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenji Saito
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunling Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongfang Ding
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Likai Yu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Murphy M, Dijkstra DJ, Duncan JS, Horgan GW, Mercer JG. A spontaneous binge-like eating model in mice using unpredictable once weekly access to palatable diets. Appetite 2018; 126:137-146. [PMID: 29627345 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many pre-clinical models of binge-like eating involve predictable, scheduled, access to a palatable diet high in fat (HF), where access may be preceded by anticipatory behaviour. Here, to introduce spontaneity into the binge-type consumption of palatable diets, mice were allowed 2 h access on a random day once per week and at a random time within an 8 h window either side of the transition from dark phase to light phase. Despite normal intake of a stock diet prior to unpredictable access to HF diet, mice immediately initiated a substantial eating episode when presented with HF diet. Following this consumption, compensatory hypophagia was observed relative to stock diet-fed controls, and cumulative energy intakes converged. There were no effects of HF diet on body weight or body composition over a 12-week period. Binge-like consumption was also observed on unpredictable access to the complete liquid diet, chocolate Ensure, but not with a 10% sucrose solution. Binge-like responses to unpredictable access to HF diet or Ensure were similar in male and female mice, although there were effects of sex on caloric consumption from stock diet in the compensatory period following palatable diet intake, with higher intakes in females. The timing of the 2h access period relative to light phase transition affected intake of palatable diets, but less robustly than the equivalent effect on stock diet intake during the same timed periods - the diurnal patterning of energy intake was diet sensitive. The large spontaneous binge-like consumption on unpredictable access to either solid or liquid palatable diets in mice of either sex offers the potential to combine these attributes with other manipulations where a developing obesity is part of the binge-like eating phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Murphy
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Dorieka J Dijkstra
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline S Duncan
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graham W Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Julian G Mercer
- University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Ishaq A, Schröder J, Edwards N, von Zglinicki T, Saretzki G. Dietary Restriction Ameliorates Age-Related Increase in DNA Damage, Senescence and Inflammation in Mouse Adipose Tissuey. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:555-561. [PMID: 29582897 PMCID: PMC5866821 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with redistribution of fat around the body and saturation of visceral adipose depots. Likewise, the presence of excess fat in obesity or during ageing places extra stress on visceral depots, resulting in chronic inflammation and increased senescence. This process can contribute to the establishment of the metabolic syndrome and accelerated ageing. Dietary restriction (DR) is known to alleviate physiological signs of inflammation, ageing and senescence in various tissues including adipose tissue. OBJECTIVES Our pilot study aimed to analyse senescence and inflammation parameters in mouse visceral fat tissue during ageing and by short term, late-onset dietary restriction as a nutritional intervention. Design, measurements: In this study we used visceral adipose tissue from mice between 5 and 30 months of age and analysed markers of senescence (adipocyte size, γH2A.X, p16, p21) and inflammation (e.g. IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, macrophage infiltration) using immuno-staining, as well as qPCR for gene expression analysis. Fat tissues from 3 mice per group were analysed. RESULTS We found that the amount of γH2A.X foci as well as the expression of senescence and inflammation markers increased during ageing but decreased with short term DR. In contrast, the increase in amounts of single or aggregated macrophages in fat depots occurred only at higher ages. Surprisingly, we also found that adipocyte size as well as some senescence parameters decreased at very high age (30 months). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate increased senescence and inflammation during ageing in mouse visceral fat while DR was able to ameliorate several of these parameters as well as increased adipocyte size at 17.5 months of age. This highlights the health benefits of a decreased nutritional intake over a relatively short period of time at middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ishaq
- Dr. Gabriele Saretzki, The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom, Phone: 0044 191 208 1214, Fax: 0044 191 208 1101,
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Ramdhave AS, Ojha S, Nandave M. Energy intake correlates with the levels of fatty acid synthase and insulin-like growth factor-1 in male and female C57BL/6 mice. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:830-844. [PMID: 28386316 PMCID: PMC5375981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that, dysregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could play a vital role in pathology of various diseases. Our aim was to determine the changes in FASN and IGF-1 levels concomitant to long term feeding of HFD in either sex. Male and female mice were fed either HFD or LFD for a period of 16 weeks. During this period, physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters were evaluated. Mice fed with HFD showed a significant gain in body weight, body mass index, energy intake, and abdominal circumference. These changes were accompanied by compromised glucose and insulin tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, elevated plasma IL-6, and TNF-α concentration. Histologically, hepatocytes showed an elevated fat accumulation, appended by an increase in plasma activities of liver enzymes. Pancreas showed upsurge in number of β-cells with subsequent increase in size of islet implying its compromised state. While the kidney showed mild tubulointerstitial fibrosis indicating initiation of kidney impairment. These metabolic perturbations were related to the energy intake which was higher in males as compared to females. This led to a proportional rise in plasma as well as liver FASN and IGF-1 in HFD fed mice. Within both sexes, mice fed with HFD developed features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance but the magnitude of these abnormalities was found to be less in female mice. This variation in magnitude could be attributed to the difference in energy intake and ultimately its effect on FASN and IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Ramdhave
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMSMumbai, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, UAE
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMSMumbai, India
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High-Fat Diet Induces Unexpected Fatal Uterine Infections in Mice with aP2-Cre-mediated Deletion of Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43269. [PMID: 28233809 PMCID: PMC5324142 DOI: 10.1038/srep43269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a major regulator of metabolic processes in obesity. In this study we aimed to define the relevance of adipose tissue ERα during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity using female aP2-Cre−/+/ERαfl/fl mice (atERαKO). HFD did not affect body weight or glucose metabolism in atERαKO- compared to control mice. Surprisingly, HFD feeding markedly increased mortality in atERαKO mice associated with a destructive bacterial infection of the uterus driven by commensal microbes, an alteration likely explaining the absence of a metabolic phenotype in HFD-fed atERαKO mice. In order to identify a mechanism of the exaggerated uterine infection in HFD-fed atERαKO mice, a marked reduction of uterine M2-macrophages was detected, a cell type relevant for anti-microbial defence. In parallel, atERαKO mice exhibited elevated circulating estradiol (E2) acting on E2-responsive tissue/cells such as macrophages. Accompanying cell culture experiments showed that despite E2 co-administration stearic acid (C18:0), a fatty acid elevated in plasma from HFD-fed atERαKO mice, blocks M2-polarization, a process known to be enhanced by E2. In this study we demonstrate an unexpected phenotype in HFD-fed atERαKO involving severe uterine bacterial infections likely resulting from a previously unknown negative interference between dietary FAs and ERα-signaling during anti-microbial defence.
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Wankhade UD, Shen M, Yadav H, Thakali KM. Novel Browning Agents, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potentials of Brown Adipose Tissue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2365609. [PMID: 28105413 PMCID: PMC5220392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2365609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis is the process of biological heat production in mammals and is primarily mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT). Through ubiquitous expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) on the mitochondrial inner membrane, BAT displays uncoupling of fuel combustion and ATP production in order to dissipate energy as heat. Because of its crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis, ongoing exploration of BAT has emphasized its therapeutic potential in addressing the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. The recent appreciation that adult humans possess functional BAT strengthens this prospect. Furthermore, it has been identified that there are both classical brown adipocytes residing in dedicated BAT depots and "beige" adipocytes residing in white adipose tissue depots that can acquire BAT-like characteristics in response to environmental cues. This review aims to provide a brief overview of BAT research and summarize recent findings concerning the physiological, cellular, and developmental characteristics of brown adipocytes. In addition, some key genetic, molecular, and pharmacologic targets of BAT/Beige cells that have been reported to have therapeutic potential to combat obesity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh D. Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Hariom Yadav
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keshari M. Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Sex differences in sympathetic innervation and browning of white adipose tissue of mice. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27990249 PMCID: PMC5148917 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The higher prevalence of obesity-related metabolic disease in males suggests that female sex hormones provide protective mechanisms against the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Because browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is protective against obesity-related metabolic disease, we examined sex differences in β3-adrenergic remodeling of WAT in mice. Methods Effects of the β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 (CL) on browning of white adipose tissue were investigated in male and female C57BL mice. The role of ovarian hormones in female-specific browning was studied in control female C57BL mice and mice with ovarian failure induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide treatment for 15 days. Results We found that treatment with CL-induced upregulation of brown adipocyte markers and mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins in gonadal WAT (gWAT) of female mice, but was without effect in males. In contrast, CL treatment was equally effective in males and females in inducing brown adipocyte phenotypes in inguinal WAT. The tissue- and sex-specific differences in brown adipocyte recruitment were correlated with differences in sympathetic innervation, as determined by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and western blotting. Levels of the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF were significantly higher in gWAT of female mice. CL treatment significantly increased NGF levels in gWAT of female mice but did not affect BDNF expression. In contrast, estradiol treatment doubled BDNF expression in female adipocytes differentiated in vitro. Ovarian failure induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide treatment dramatically reduced BDNF and TH expression in gWAT, eliminated induction of UCP1 by CL, and reduced tissue metabolic rate. Conclusions Collectively, these data demonstrate that female mice are more responsive than males to the recruitment of brown adipocytes in gonadal WAT and this difference corresponds to greater levels of estrogen-dependent sympathetic innervation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0121-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Grefhorst A, van den Beukel JC, van Houten ELA, Steenbergen J, Visser JA, Themmen AP. Estrogens increase expression of bone morphogenetic protein 8b in brown adipose tissue of mice. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:7. [PMID: 25866617 PMCID: PMC4392498 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores fat and brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates fat to produce heat. Several studies showed that females have more active BAT. Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) families are expressed in BAT and are involved in BAT activity. We hypothesized that differential expression of BMPs and FGFs might contribute to sex differences in BAT activity. Methods We investigated the expression of BMPs and FGFs in BAT of male and female C57BL/6J mice upon gonadectomy, cold exposure, and exposure to sex steroids. Results Of the FGF family, BAT Fgf1, Fgf9, Fgf18, and Fgf21 expression was induced upon cold exposure, but only Fgf1 expression was obviously different between the sexes: females had 2.5-fold lower BAT Fgf1 than males. Cold exposure induced BAT Bmp4 and Bmp8b expression, but only Bmp8b differed between the sexes: females had 35-fold higher BAT Bmp8b than males. Ovariectomy almost completely blunted BAT Bmp8b expression, while orchidectomy had no effect. Male mice and ovariectomized female mice treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) had approximately 350-fold and approximately 36-fold higher BAT Bmp8b expression, respectively. Ninety-day and 7-day treatment of female mice with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreased BAT Bmp8b expression by approximately fivefold and approximately fourfold, respectively. Finally, treatment of primary murine brown adipocytes with DES did not result in changes in Bmp8b expression. Conclusions BAT Bmp8b expression in mice is positively regulated by presence of ovaries and estrogens such as DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee532, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C van den Beukel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee532, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Leonie Af van Houten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee532, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobie Steenbergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee532, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee532, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Pn Themmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee532, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yang T, Householder LA, Lubbers ER, List EO, Troike K, Vesel C, Duran-Ortiz S, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Growth hormone receptor antagonist transgenic mice are protected from hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance despite obesity when placed on a HF diet. Endocrinology 2015; 156:555-64. [PMID: 25406017 PMCID: PMC4298328 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced GH levels have been associated with improved glucose metabolism and increased longevity despite obesity in multiple mouse lines. However, one mouse line, the GH receptor antagonist (GHA) transgenic mouse, defies this trend because it has reduced GH action and increased adiposity, but glucose metabolism and life span are similar to controls. Slight differences in glucose metabolism and adiposity profiles can become exaggerated on a high-fat (HF) diet. Thus, in this study, male and female GHA and wild-type (WT) mice in a C57BL/6 background were placed on HF and low-fat (LF) diets for 11 weeks, starting at 10 weeks of age, to assess how GHA mice respond to additional metabolic stress of HF feeding. On a HF diet, all mice showed significant weight gain, although GHA gained weight more dramatically than WT mice, with males gaining more than females. Most of this weight gain was due to an increase in fat mass with WT mice increasing primarily in the white adipose tissue perigonadal depots, whereas GHA mice gained in both the sc and perigonadal white adipose tissue regions. Notably, GHA mice were somewhat protected from detrimental glucose metabolism changes on a HF diet because they had only modest increases in serum glucose levels, remained glucose tolerant, and did not develop hyperinsulinemia. Sex differences were observed in many measures with males reacting more dramatically to both a reduction in GH action and HF diet. In conclusion, our findings show that GHA mice, which are already obese, are susceptible to further adipose tissue expansion with HF feeding while remaining resilient to alterations in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Yang
- Edison Biotechnology Institute (T.Y., L.A.H., E.R.L., E.O.L., K.T., C.V., S.D.-O., J.J.K., D.E.B.), School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions (T.Y., L.A.H., K.T., S.D.-O., D.E.B.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.K., D.E.B.), Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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Keembiyehetty C, Love DC, Harwood KR, Gavrilova O, Comly ME, Hanover JA. Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7097-113. [PMID: 25596529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dona C Love
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and
| | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolic Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - John A Hanover
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and
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Yang Y, Smith DL, Keating KD, Allison DB, Nagy TR. Variations in body weight, food intake and body composition after long-term high-fat diet feeding in C57BL/6J mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2147-55. [PMID: 24942674 PMCID: PMC4180788 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the variations in body weight, food intake, and body composition of both male and female C57BL/6J mice during a diet-induced obesity model with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. METHODS Mice were individually housed and fed ad libitum either a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat; n = 15 male, n = 15 female) or HFD (45% calories from fat; n = 277 male, n = 278 female) from 8 to 43 weeks of age. Body weight, food intake, and body composition were routinely measured. RESULTS Body weight was significantly increased with HFD (vs. LFD) in males from week 14 (P = 0.0221) and in females from week 27 (P = 0.0076). Fat mass and fat-free mass of all groups were significantly increased over time (all P < 0.0001), with a large variation observed in fat mass. Baseline fat mass, fat-free mass, and daily energy intake were significant predictors of future body weight for both sexes (P < 0.0001). Baseline fat mass was a significant predictor of future body fat (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Both males and females have large variations in fat mass, and this variability increases over time, while that of fat-free mass remains relatively stable. Sex differences exist in HFD responses and multivariate predicting models of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Yang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Karen D. Keating
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Office of Energetics University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - David B. Allison
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Office of Energetics University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Corresponding Author: Tim R. Nagy, Department of Nutrition Sciences, Webb 421 University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham AL 35294-3360 Phone: 205-934-4088, Fax: 205-975-0750,
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Park S, Fujishita C, Komatsu T, Kim SE, Chiba T, Mori R, Shimokawa I. NPY antagonism reduces adiposity and attenuates age-related imbalance of adipose tissue metabolism. FASEB J 2014; 28:5337-48. [PMID: 25205743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An orexigenic hormone, neuropeptide Y (NPY), plays a role not only in the hypothalamic regulation of appetite, but also in the peripheral regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the intracellular mechanisms triggered by NPY to regulate lipid metabolism are poorly understood. Here we report that NPY deficiency reduces white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and ameliorates the age-related imbalance of adipose tissue metabolism in mice. Gene expression involved in adipogenesis/lipogenesis was found to decrease, whereas proteins involved in lipolysis increased in gonadal WAT (gWAT) of NPY-knockout mice. These changes were associated with an activated SIRT1- and PPARγ-mediated pathway. Moreover, the age-related decrease of de novo lipogenesis in gWAT and thermogenesis in inguinal WAT was inhibited by NPY deficiency. Further analysis using 3T3-L1 cells showed that NPY inhibited lipolysis through the Y1 receptor and enhanced lipogenesis following a reduction in cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and SIRT1 protein expression. Therefore, NPY appears to act as a key regulator of adipose tissue metabolism via the CREB-SIRT1 signaling pathway. Taken together, NPY deficiency reduces adiposity and ameliorates the age-related imbalance of adipose tissue metabolism, suggesting that antagonism of NPY may be a promising target for drug development to prevent age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Chika Fujishita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Komatsu
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Takuya Chiba
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki City, Japan
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Renes J, Rosenow A, Roumans N, Noben JP, Mariman EC. Calorie restriction-induced changes in the secretome of human adipocytes, comparison with resveratrol-induced secretome effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1511-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dib L, Bugge A, Collins S. LXRα fuels fatty acid-stimulated oxygen consumption in white adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:247-57. [PMID: 24259533 PMCID: PMC3886663 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcription factors known for their role in hepatic cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Though highly expressed in fat, the role of LXR in this tissue is not well characterized. We generated adipose tissue LXRα knockout (ATaKO) mice and showed that these mice gain more weight and fat mass on a high-fat diet compared with wild-type controls. White adipose tissue (WAT) accretion in ATaKO mice results from both a decrease in WAT lipolytic and oxidative capacities. This was demonstrated by decreased expression of the β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors, reduced level of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase, and lower oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in WAT of ATaKO mice. Furthermore, LXR activation in vivo and in vitro led to decreased adipocyte size in WAT and increased glycerol release from primary adipocytes, respectively, with a concomitant increase in OCR in both models. Our findings show that absence of LXRα in adipose tissue results in elevated adiposity through a decrease in WAT oxidation, secondary to attenuated FA availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Dib
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Anne Bugge
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Sheila Collins
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
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Qu H, Li J, Chen W, Li Y, Jiang Q, Jiang H, Huo J, Zhao Z, Liu B, Zhang Q. Differential expression of the melanocortin-4 receptor in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3245-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Krishnan S, Cooper JA. Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on substrate utilization and body weight maintenance in humans. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:691-710. [PMID: 24363161 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Dietary fat content is a primary factor associated with the increase in global obesity rates. There is a delay in achieving fat balance following exposure to a high-fat (HF) diet (≥ 40% of total energy from fat) and fat balance is closely linked to energy balance. Exercise has been shown to improve this rate of adaptation to a HF diet. Recently, however, the role of dietary fatty acid composition on energy and macronutrient balance has come into question. METHODS We chose studies that compared monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). We have reviewed studies that measured diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), energy expenditure (EE), or fat oxidation (FOx) in response to a HF meal challenge, or long-term dietary intervention comparing these fatty acids. RESULTS While single-meal studies show that SFA induce lower DIT and FOx compared to unsaturated fats, the effect of the degree of unsaturation (MUFA vs. PUFA) appears to yet be determined. Long-term dietary interventions also support the notion that unsaturated fats induce greater EE, DIT, and/or FOx versus SFA and that a high MUFA diet induces more weight loss compared to a high SFA diet. Sex and BMI status also affect the metabolic responses to different fatty acids; however, more research in these areas is warranted. CONCLUSION SFA are likely more obesigenic than MUFA, and PUFA. The unsaturated fats appear to be more metabolically beneficial, specifically MUFA ≥ PUFA > SFA, as evidenced by the higher DIT and FOx following HF meals or diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- Department of Nutrition, Hospitality, and Retailing, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41240, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA,
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Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine leads to augmented hepatic and circulating triglycerides in adult male offspring due to increased expression of fatty acid synthase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 275:1-11. [PMID: 24368177 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While nicotine replacement therapy is assumed to be a safer alternative to smoking during pregnancy, the long-term consequences for the offspring remain elusive. Animal studies now suggest that maternal nicotine exposure during perinatal life leads to a wide range of adverse outcomes for the offspring including increased adiposity. The focus of this study was to investigate if nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation leads to alterations in hepatic triglyceride synthesis. Female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive daily subcutaneous injections of saline (vehicle) or nicotine bitartrate (1mg/kg/day) for two weeks prior to mating until weaning. At postnatal day 180 (PND 180), nicotine exposed offspring exhibited significantly elevated levels of circulating and hepatic triglycerides in the male offspring. This was concomitant with increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the critical hepatic enzyme in de novo triglyceride synthesis. Given that FAS is regulated by the nuclear receptor Liver X receptor (LXRα), we measured LXRα expression in both control and nicotine-exposed offspring. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation led to an increase in hepatic LXRα protein expression and enriched binding to the putative LXRE element on the FAS promoter in PND 180 male offspring. This was also associated with significantly enhanced acetylation of histone H3 [K9,14] surrounding the FAS promoter, a hallmark of chromatin activation. Collectively, these findings suggest that nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation leads to an increase in circulating and hepatic triglycerides long-term via changes in the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of the hepatic lipogenic pathway.
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Varlamov O, Chu MP, McGee WK, Cameron JL, O'Rourke RW, Meyer KA, Bishop CV, Stouffer RL, Roberts CT. Ovarian cycle-specific regulation of adipose tissue lipid storage by testosterone in female nonhuman primates. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4126-35. [PMID: 24008344 PMCID: PMC3800767 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in rodents and humans suggest that hyperandrogenemia causes white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction in females, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In light of the differences in the length of the ovarian cycle between humans and rodents, we used a nonhuman primate model to elucidate the effects of chronic hyperandrogenemia on WAT function in vivo. Female rhesus macaques implanted with testosterone capsules developed insulin resistance and altered leptin secretion on a high-fat, Western-style diet. In control visceral WAT, lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase expression were upregulated during the luteal phase compared with the early follicular (menses) phase of the ovarian cycle. Hyperandrogenemia attenuated elevated lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase activity in visceral WAT during the luteal phase but not during menses. Under control conditions, insulin-stimulated Akt and Erk activation and fatty acid uptake in WAT were not significantly affected by the ovarian cycle. In contrast, testosterone treatment preferentially increased fatty acid uptake and insulin signaling at menses. The fatty acid synthase and glucose transporter-4 genes were upregulated by testosterone during the luteal phase. In summary, this study reveals ovarian stage-specific fluctuations in adipocyte lipolysis and suggests that male sex hormones increase and female sex hormones decrease lipid storage in female WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Varlamov
- Jr, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006.
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Sex differences in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:731-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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