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Dang J, Chevalier K, Letavernier E, Tissandier C, Mouawad S, Debray D, Obadia M, Poujois A. Kidney involvement in Wilson's disease: a review of the literature. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfae058. [PMID: 38660122 PMCID: PMC11040517 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare inherited disease due to the mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired hepatic copper excretion and its pathological accumulation in various organs such as the liver, the nervous system, or the kidneys. Whereas liver failure and neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common features, less is known about the renal complications. We conducted a review of the literature to define the characteristics and pathophysiology of kidney involvement during WD. This review shed light on strong evidence for direct copper toxicity to renal tubular cells. Excessive tubular copper accumulation might present with various degrees of tubular dysfunction, ranging from mild hydroelectrolytic and acid-base disorders to complete Fanconi syndrome. Proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis also favors development of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and bone metabolism abnormalities. Indirect complications might involve renal hypoperfusion as occurs in hepatorenal or cardiorenal syndrome, but also tubular casts' formation during acute hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, or bile cast nephropathy. Acute kidney failure is not uncommon in severe WD patients, and independently increases mortality. Finally, specific and long-term therapy by D-penicillamin, one of the most efficient drugs in WD, can cause glomerular injuries, such as membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and, rarely, severe glomerulonephritis. Altogether, our study supports the need for interdisciplinary evaluation of WD patients involving nephrologists, with regular monitoring of tubular and glomerular functions, to provide adequate prevention of renal and bone involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dang
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares «Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique», Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kevin Chevalier
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Liées au Cuivre, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Paris, France
| | - Come Tissandier
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares «Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique», Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sarah Mouawad
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Centre de Compétence Maladies Rares «Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique», Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dominique Debray
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Liées au Cuivre, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Obadia
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Liées au Cuivre, Paris, France
| | - Aurélia Poujois
- Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence de la Maladie de Wilson et autres Maladies Rares Liées au Cuivre, Paris, France
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Munk DE, Vendelbo MH, Kirk FT, Rewitz KS, Bender DA, Vase KH, Munk OL, Vilstrup H, Ott P, Sandahl TD. Distribution of non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper after i.v. 64Cu injection studied with PET/CT in patients with Wilson disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100916. [PMID: 37886434 PMCID: PMC10597763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims In Wilson disease (WD), copper accumulation and increased non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper in plasma lead to liver and brain pathology. To better understand the fate of non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper, we used PET/CT to examine the whole-body distribution of intravenously injected 64-copper (64Cu). Methods Eight patients with WD, five heterozygotes, and nine healthy controls were examined by dynamic PET/CT for 90 min and static PET/CT up to 20 h after injection. We measured 64Cu activity in blood and tissue and quantified the kinetics by compartmental analysis. Results Initially, a large fraction of injected 64Cu was distributed to extrahepatic tissues, especially skeletal muscle. Thus, across groups, extrahepatic tissues accounted for 45-58% of the injected dose (%ID) after 10 min, and 45-55% after 1 h. Kinetic analysis showed rapid exchange of 64Cu between blood and muscle as well as adipose tissue, with 64Cu retention in a secondary compartment, possibly mitochondria. This way, muscle and adipose tissue may protect the brain from spikes in non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper. Tiny amounts of cerebral 64Cu were detected (0.2%ID after 90 min and 0.3%ID after 6 h), suggesting tight control of cerebral copper in accordance with a cerebral clearance that is 2-3-fold lower than in muscle. Compared to controls, patients with WD accumulated more hepatic copper 6-20 h after injection, and also renal copper at 6 h. Conclusion Non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper is initially distributed into a number of tissues before being redistributed slowly to the eliminating organ, the liver. Cerebral uptake of copper is extremely slow and likely highly regulated. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of copper control. Impact and implications Maintaining non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper within the normal range is an important treatment goal in WD as this "free" copper is considered toxic to the liver and brain. We found that intravenously injected non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper quickly distributed to a number of tissues, especially skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, and the liver, while uptake into the brain was slow. This study offers new insights into the mechanisms of copper control, which may encourage further research into potential new treatment targets. Clinical trial number 2016-001975-59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Emilie Munk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frederik Teicher Kirk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Stubkjær Rewitz
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Andreas Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Højrup Vase
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Ott
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Karpenko MN, Muruzheva ZM, Ilyechova EY, Babich PS, Puchkova LV. Abnormalities in Copper Status Associated with an Elevated Risk of Parkinson's Phenotype Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1654. [PMID: 37759957 PMCID: PMC10525645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, among the many reasons given for the development of idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), copper imbalance has been identified as a factor, and PD is often referred to as a copper-mediated disorder. More than 640 papers have been devoted to the relationship between PD and copper status in the blood, which include the following markers: total copper concentration, enzymatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration, Cp protein level, and non-ceruloplasmin copper level. Most studies measure only one of these markers. Therefore, the existence of a correlation between copper status and the development of PD is still debated. Based on data from the published literature, meta-analysis, and our own research, it is clear that there is a connection between the development of PD symptoms and the number of copper atoms, which are weakly associated with the ceruloplasmin molecule. In this work, the link between the risk of developing PD and various inborn errors related to copper metabolism, leading to decreased levels of oxidase ceruloplasmin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N. Karpenko
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (Z.M.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Zamira M. Muruzheva
- I.P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.N.K.); (Z.M.M.)
- State Budgetary Institution of Health Care “Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital”, 194291 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Ilyechova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina S. Babich
- Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ludmila V. Puchkova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Research Center of Advanced Functional Materials and Laser Communication Systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Orlov IA, Sankova TP, Skvortsov AN, Klotchenko SA, Sakhenberg EI, Mekhova AA, Kiseleva IV, Ilyechova EY, Puchkova LV. Properties of recombinant extracellular N-terminal domain of human high-affinity copper transporter 1 (hNdCTR1) and its interactions with Cu(II) and Ag(I) ions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3403-3419. [PMID: 36815348 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is a key link in the transfer of copper (Cu) from the extracellular environment to the cell. Violation in the control system of its expression, or mutations in this gene, cause a global copper imbalance. However, the mechanism of copper transfer via CTR1 remains unclear. It has been shown that transformed bacteria synthesizing the fused GB1-NdCTR become resistant to toxic silver ions. According to UV-Vis spectrophotometry and isothermal titration calorimetry, electrophoretically pure GB1-NdCTR specifically and reversibly binds copper and silver ions, and binding is associated with aggregation. Purified NdCTR1 forms SDS-resistant oligomers. The link between nontrivial properties of NdCTR1 and copper import mechanism from extracellular space, as well as potential chelating properties of NdCTR1, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii A Orlov
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana P Sankova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N Skvortsov
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of The Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey A Klotchenko
- Laboratory for the Development of Molecular Diagnostic Systems, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I Sakhenberg
- Laboratory of cell protection mechanisms, Institute of Cytology, RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Mekhova
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- Research centre of advanced functional materials and laser communication systems, ADTS Institute, ITMO, University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Lettieri M, Scarano S, Caponi L, Bertolini A, Saba A, Palladino P, Minunni M. Serotonin-Derived Fluorophore: A Novel Fluorescent Biomaterial for Copper Detection in Urine. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3030. [PMID: 36991740 PMCID: PMC10055690 DOI: 10.3390/s23063030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We took advantage of the fluorescent features of a serotonin-derived fluorophore to develop a simple and low-cost assay for copper in urine. The quenching-based fluorescence assay linearly responds within the concentration range of clinical interest in buffer and in artificial urine, showing very good reproducibility (CVav% = 4% and 3%) and low detection limits (16 ± 1 μg L-1 and 23 ± 1 μg L-1). The Cu2+ content was also estimated in human urine samples, showing excellent analytical performances (CVav% = 1%), with a limit of detection of 59 ± 3 μg L-1 and a limit of quantification of 97 ± 11 μg L-1, which are below the reference value for a pathological Cu2+ concentration. The assay was successfully validated through mass spectrometry measurements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of copper ion detection exploiting the fluorescence quenching of a biopolymer, offering a potential diagnostic tool for copper-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Lettieri
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simona Scarano
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Caponi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Palladino
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Minunni
- Department of Chemistry ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Washington-Hughes CL, Roy S, Seneviratne HK, Karuppagounder SS, Morel Y, Jones JW, Zak A, Xiao T, Boronina TN, Cole RN, Bumpus NN, Chang CJ, Dawson TM, Lutsenko S. Atp7b-dependent choroid plexus dysfunction causes transient copper deficit and metabolic changes in the developing mouse brain. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010558. [PMID: 36626371 PMCID: PMC9870141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has a multifaceted role in brain development, function, and metabolism. Two homologous Cu transporters, Atp7a (Menkes disease protein) and Atp7b (Wilson disease protein), maintain Cu homeostasis in the tissue. Atp7a mediates Cu entry into the brain and activates Cu-dependent enzymes, whereas the role of Atp7b is less clear. We show that during postnatal development Atp7b is necessary for normal morphology and function of choroid plexus (ChPl). Inactivation of Atp7b causes reorganization of ChPl' cytoskeleton and cell-cell contacts, loss of Slc31a1 from the apical membrane, and a decrease in the length and number of microvilli and cilia. In ChPl lacking Atp7b, Atp7a is upregulated but remains intracellular, which limits Cu transport into the brain and results in significant Cu deficit, which is reversed only in older animals. Cu deficiency is associated with down-regulation of Atp7a in locus coeruleus and catecholamine imbalance, despite normal expression of dopamine-β-hydroxylase. In addition, there are notable changes in the brain lipidome, which can be attributed to inhibition of diacylglyceride-to-phosphatidylethanolamine conversion. These results identify the new role for Atp7b in developing brain and identify metabolic changes that could be exacerbated by Cu chelation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shubhrajit Roy
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Herana Kamal Seneviratne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yulemni Morel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jace W. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alex Zak
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tatiana N. Boronina
- Department of Biological Chemistry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Namandjé N. Bumpus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, California
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, California
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Farhan M, Rizvi A. Understanding the Prooxidant Action of Plant Polyphenols in the Cellular Microenvironment of Malignant Cells: Role of Copper and Therapeutic Implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929853. [PMID: 35795551 PMCID: PMC9251333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant derived polyphenolic compounds are considered critical components of human nutrition and have shown chemotherapeutic effects against a number of malignancies. Several studies have confirmed the ability of polyphenols to induce apoptosis and regression of tumours in animal models. However, the mechanism through which polyphenols modulate their malignant cell selective anticancer effects has not been clearly established. While it is believed that the antioxidant properties of these molecules may contribute to lowering the risk of cancer induction by causing oxidative damage to DNA, it could not be held responsible for chemotherapeutic properties and apoptosis induction. It is a well known fact that cellular copper increases within the malignant cell and in serum of patients harboring malignancies. This phenomenon is independent of the cellular origin of malignancies. Based on our own observations and those of others; over the last 30 years our laboratory has shown that cellular copper reacts with plant derived polyphenolic compounds, by a Fenton like reaction, which generates reactive oxygen species and leads to genomic DNA damage. This damage then causes an apoptosis like cell death of malignant cells, while sparing normal cells. This communication reviews our work in this area and lays the basis for understanding how plant derived polyphenols can behave as prooxidants (and not antioxidants) within the microenvironment of a malignancy (elevated copper levels) and gives rationale for their preferential cytotoxicity towards malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Farhan,
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Kulliyat, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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8
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Firth G, Blower JE, Bartnicka JJ, Mishra A, Michaels AM, Rigby A, Darwesh A, Al-Salemee F, Blower PJ. Non-invasive radionuclide imaging of trace metal trafficking in health and disease: "PET metallomics". RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:495-518. [PMID: 35656481 PMCID: PMC9092424 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several specific metallic elements must be present in the human body to maintain health and function. Maintaining the correct quantity (from trace to bulk) and location at the cell and tissue level is essential. The study of the biological role of metals has become known as metallomics. While quantities of metals in cells and tissues can be readily measured in biopsy and autopsy samples by destructive analytical techniques, their trafficking and its role in health and disease are poorly understood. Molecular imaging with radionuclides - positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) - is emerging as a means to non-invasively study the acute trafficking of essential metals between organs, non-invasively and in real time, in health and disease. PET scanners are increasingly widely available in hospitals, and methods for producing radionuclides of some of the key essential metals are developing fast. This review summarises recent developments in radionuclide imaging technology that permit such investigations, describes the radiological and physicochemical properties of key radioisotopes of essential trace metals and useful analogues, and introduces current and potential future applications in preclinical and clinical investigations to study the biology of essential trace metals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Julia E Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aishwarya Mishra
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aidan M Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Afnan Darwesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
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9
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Dev S, Kruse RL, Hamilton JP, Lutsenko S. Wilson Disease: Update on Pathophysiology and Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871877. [PMID: 35586338 PMCID: PMC9108485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a potentially fatal genetic disorder with a broad spectrum of phenotypic presentations. Inactivation of the copper (Cu) transporter ATP7B and Cu overload in tissues, especially in the liver, are established causes of WD. However, neither specific ATP7B mutations nor hepatic Cu levels, alone, explain the diverse clinical presentations of WD. Recently, the new molecular details of WD progression and metabolic signatures of WD phenotypes began to emerge. Studies in WD patients and animal models revealed the contributions of non-parenchymal liver cells and extrahepatic tissues to the liver phenotype, and pointed to dysregulation of nuclear receptors (NR), epigenetic modifications, and mitochondria dysfunction as important hallmarks of WD pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of WD pathophysiology and discusses emerging targets for improving WD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Som Dev
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert L. Kruse
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James P. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Lutsenko,
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10
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Gioilli BD, Kidane TZ, Fieten H, Tellez M, Dalphin M, Nguyen A, Nguyen K, Linder MC. Secretion and Uptake of Copper via a Small Copper Carrier in Blood Fluid. Metallomics 2022; 14:6535625. [PMID: 35199838 PMCID: PMC8962702 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies with Wilson disease model mice that accumulate excessive copper, due to a dysfunctional ATP7B “copper pump” resulting in decreased biliary excretion, showed that the compensatory increase in urinary copper loss was due to a small copper carrier (∼1 kDa) (SCC). We show here that SCC is also present in the blood plasma of normal and Wilson disease model mice and dogs, as determined by ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It is secreted by cultured hepatic and enterocytic cells, as determined by pretreatment with 67Cu nitrilotriacetate (NTA) or nonradioactive 5–10 μM Cu-NTA, and collecting and examining 3 kDa ultrafiltrates of the conditioned media, where a single major copper peak is detected by SEC. Four different cultured cell types exposed to the radiolabeled SCC all took up the 67Cu at various rates. Rates differed somewhat when uptake was from Cu-NTA. Uptake of SCC-67Cu was inhibited by excess nonradioactive Cu(I) or Ag(I) ions, suggesting competition for uptake by copper transporter 1 (CTR1). Knockout of CTR1 in fibroblasts reduced uptake rates by 60%, confirming its participation, but also involvement of other transporters. Inhibitors of endocytosis, or an excess of metal ions taken up by divalent metal transporter 1, did not decrease SCC-67Cu uptake. The results imply that SCC may play a significant role in copper transport and homeostasis, transferring copper particularly from the liver (but also intestinal cells) to other cells within the mammalian organism, as well as spilling excess into the urine in copper overload—as an alternative means of copper excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Gioilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - T Z Kidane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - H Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Tellez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - M Dalphin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - K Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
| | - M C Linder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
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11
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Ge EJ, Bush AI, Casini A, Cobine PA, Cross JR, DeNicola GM, Dou QP, Franz KJ, Gohil VM, Gupta S, Kaler SG, Lutsenko S, Mittal V, Petris MJ, Polishchuk R, Ralle M, Schilsky ML, Tonks NK, Vahdat LT, Van Aelst L, Xi D, Yuan P, Brady DC, Chang CJ. Connecting copper and cancer: from transition metal signalling to metalloplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:102-113. [PMID: 34764459 PMCID: PMC8810673 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 234.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient whose redox properties make it both beneficial and toxic to the cell. Recent progress in studying transition metal signalling has forged new links between researchers of different disciplines that can help translate basic research in the chemistry and biology of copper into clinical therapies and diagnostics to exploit copper-dependent disease vulnerabilities. This concept is particularly relevant in cancer, as tumour growth and metastasis have a heightened requirement for this metal nutrient. Indeed, the traditional view of copper as solely an active site metabolic cofactor has been challenged by emerging evidence that copper is also a dynamic signalling metal and metalloallosteric regulator, such as for copper-dependent phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) in lipolysis, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 in cell growth and proliferation and the kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in autophagy. In this Perspective, we summarize our current understanding of the connection between copper and cancer and explore how challenges in the field could be addressed by using the framework of cuproplasia, which is defined as regulated copper-dependent cell proliferation and is a representative example of a broad range of metalloplasias. Cuproplasia is linked to a diverse array of cellular processes, including mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defence, redox signalling, kinase signalling, autophagy and protein quality control. Identifying and characterizing new modes of copper-dependent signalling offers translational opportunities that leverage disease vulnerabilities to this metal nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen G Kaler
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Schilsky
- Section of Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Questioning Established Theories and Treatment Methods Related to Iron and Other Metal Metabolic Changes, Affecting All Major Diseases and Billions of Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1364. [PMID: 35163288 PMCID: PMC8836132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical and scientific literature is dominated by highly cited historical theories and findings [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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13
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Lutsenko S. Dynamic and cell-specific transport networks for intracellular copper ions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272704. [PMID: 34734631 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) homeostasis is essential for the development and function of many organisms. In humans, Cu misbalance causes serious pathologies and has been observed in a growing number of diseases. This Review focuses on mammalian Cu(I) transporters and highlights recent studies on regulation of intracellular Cu fluxes. Cu is used by essential metabolic enzymes for their activity. These enzymes are located in various intracellular compartments and outside cells. When cells differentiate, or their metabolic state is otherwise altered, the need for Cu in different cell compartments change, and Cu has to be redistributed to accommodate these changes. The Cu transporters SLC31A1 (CTR1), SLC31A2 (CTR2), ATP7A and ATP7B regulate Cu content in cellular compartments and maintain Cu homeostasis. Increasing numbers of regulatory proteins have been shown to contribute to multifaceted regulation of these Cu transporters. It is becoming abundantly clear that the Cu transport networks are dynamic and cell specific. The comparison of the Cu transport machinery in the liver and intestine illustrates the distinct composition and dissimilar regulatory response of their Cu transporters to changing Cu levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Department of Physiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Fu Q, Ye J, Wang J, Liao N, Feng H, Su L, Ge X, Yang H, Song J. NIR-II Photoacoustic Reporter for Biopsy-Free and Real-Time Assessment of Wilson's Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008061. [PMID: 34081397 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism with pathological copper hyperaccumulation in some vital organs. However, the clinical diagnosis technique of WD is complicated, aggressive, and time-consuming. In this work, a novel ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging nanoprobe in the NIR-II window is developed to achieve noninvasive, rapid, and accurate Cu2+ quantitative detection in vitro and in vivo. The nanoprobe consists of Cu2+ -responsive IR970 dye and a nonresponsive palladium-coated gold nanorod (AuNR-Pd), achieving a concentration-dependent ratiometric PA970 /PA1260 signal change. The urinary Cu2+ content is detectable within minutes down to a detection limit of 76 × 10-9 m. This report acquisition time is several orders of magnitude shorter than those of existing detection approaches requiring complex procedure. Moreover, utilizing the ratiometric PA nanoprobe, PA imaging enables biopsy-free measurement of the liver Cu2+ content and visualization of the liver Cu2+ biodistribution of WD patient, which avoid the body injury during the clinical Cu2+ test using liver biopsy method. The NIR-II ratiometric PA detection method is simple and noninvasive with super precision, celerity, and simplification, which holds great promise as an alternative to liver biopsy for clinical diagnosis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Juejun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Naishun Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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15
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Falcone E, Okafor M, Vitale N, Raibaut L, Sour A, Faller P. Extracellular Cu2+ pools and their detection: From current knowledge to next-generation probes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ceruloplasmin as a source of Cu for a fungal pathogen. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111424. [PMID: 33765639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal for virtually all organisms, yet little is known about the extracellular sources of this micronutrient. In serum, the most abundant extracellular Cu-binding molecule is the multi‑copper oxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp). Cp levels increase during infection and inflammation, and pathogens can be exposed to high Cp at sites of infection. It is not known whether Cp might serve as a Cu source for microbial pathogens and we tested this using the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We find that C. albicans can use whole serum as a Cu source and that this Cu is sensed by the transcription factor protein Mac1. Mac1 activates expression of Mn-SOD3 superoxide dismutase and represses Cu/Zn-SOD1 during Cu starvation and both responses are regulated by serum Cu. We also show that purified human Cp can act as a sole source of Cu for the fungus and likewise modulates the Mac1 Cu stress response. To investigate whether Cp is a Cu source in serum, we compared the ability of C. albicans to use serum from wild type versus Cp-/- mutant mice. We find that serum lacking Cp is deficient in its ability to trigger the Mac1 Cu response. C. albicans did accumulate Cu from Cp-/- serum, but this Cu was not efficiently sensed by Mac1. We conclude that Cp and non-Cp Cu sources are not equivalent and are handled differently by the fungal cell. Overall, these studies are the first to show that Cp is a preferred source of Cu for a pathogen.
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17
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Apoceruloplasmin: Abundance, Detection, Formation, and Metabolism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030233. [PMID: 33669134 PMCID: PMC7996503 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin, the main copper-binding protein in blood and some other fluids, is well known for its copper-dependent enzymatic functions and as a source of copper for cells. What is generally unknown or ignored is that, at least in the case of blood plasma and serum, about half of ceruloplasmin is in the apo (copper-free) form. This has led to some misconceptions about the amounts and variations of other copper-binding proteins and so-called “free copper” in the blood that might be indicators of disease states. What is known about the levels, sources, and metabolism of apo versus holo ceruloplasmin and the problems associated with measurements of the two forms is reviewed here.
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18
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Culbertson EM, Khan AA, Muchenditsi A, Lutsenko S, Sullivan DJ, Petris MJ, Cormack BP, Culotta VC. Changes in mammalian copper homeostasis during microbial infection. Metallomics 2021; 12:416-426. [PMID: 31976503 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animals carefully control homeostasis of Cu, a metal that is both potentially toxic and an essential nutrient. During infection, various shifts in Cu homeostasis can ensue. In mice infected with Candida albicans, serum Cu progressively rises and at late stages of infection, liver Cu rises, while kidney Cu declines. The basis for these changes in Cu homeostasis was poorly understood. We report here that the progressive rise in serum Cu is attributable to liver production of the multicopper oxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp). Through studies using Cp-/- mice, we find this elevated Cp helps recover serum Fe levels at late stages of infection, consistent with a role for Cp in loading transferrin with Fe. Cp also accounts for the elevation in liver Cu seen during infection, but not for the fluctuations in kidney Cu. The Cu exporting ATPase ATP7B is one candidate for kidney Cu control, but we find no change in the pattern of kidney Cu loss during infection of Atp7b-/- mice, implying alternative mechanisms. To test whether fungal infiltration of kidney tissue was required for kidney Cu loss, we explored other paradigms of infection. Infection with the intravascular malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei caused a rise in serum Cu and decrease in kidney Cu similar to that seen with C. albicans. Thus, dynamics in kidney Cu homeostasis appear to be a common feature among vastly different infection paradigms. The implications for such Cu homeostasis control in immunity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Culbertson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Aslam A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Abigael Muchenditsi
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David J Sullivan
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Brendan P Cormack
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valeria C Culotta
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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19
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Skomorokhova EA, Sankova TP, Orlov IA, Savelev AN, Magazenkova DN, Pliss MG, Skvortsov AN, Sosnin IM, Kirilenko DA, Grishchuk IV, Sakhenberg EI, Polishchuk EV, Brunkov PN, Romanov AE, Puchkova LV, Ilyechova EY. Size-Dependent Bioactivity of Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Properties, Influence on Copper Status in Mice, and Whole-Body Turnover. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:137-157. [PMID: 33408467 PMCID: PMC7781014 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s287658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes to influence copper metabolism in mice is assessed. Materials and Methods AgNPs with diameters of 10, 20, and 75 nm were fabricated through a chemical reduction of silver nitrate and characterized by UV/Vis spectrometry, transmission and scanning electronic microscopy, and laser diffractometry. To test their bioactivity, Escherichia coli cells, cultured A549 cells, and C57Bl/6 mice were used. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined by inhibition of colony-forming ability, and cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT test (viability, %). Ceruloplasmin (Cp, the major mammalian extracellular copper-containing protein) concentration and enzymatic activity were measured using gel-assay analyses and WB, respectively. In vitro binding of AgNPs with serum proteins was monitored with UV/Vis spectroscopy. Metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The smallest AgNPs displayed the largest dose- and time-dependent antibacterial activity. All nanoparticles inhibited the metabolic activity of A549 cells in accordance with dose and time, but no correlation between cytotoxicity and nanoparticle size was found. Nanosilver was not uniformly distributed through the body of mice intraperitoneally treated with low AgNP concentrations. It was predominantly accumulated in liver. There, nanosilver was included in ceruloplasmin, and Ag-ceruloplasmin with low oxidase activity level was formed. Larger nanoparticles more effectively interfered with the copper metabolism of mice. Large AgNPs quickly induced a drop of blood serum oxidase activity to practically zero, but after cancellation of AgNP treatment, the activity was rapidly restored. A major fraction of the nanosilver was excreted in the bile with Cp. Nanosilver was bound by alpha-2-macroglobulin in vitro and in vivo, but silver did not substitute for the copper atoms of Cp in vitro. Conclusion The data showed that even at low concentrations, AgNPs influence murine copper metabolism in size-dependent manner. This property negatively correlated with the antibacterial activity of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Skomorokhova
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Sankova
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iurii A Orlov
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrew N Savelev
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria N Magazenkova
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Pliss
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Blood Circulation Biophysics, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N Skvortsov
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya M Sosnin
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Demid A Kirilenko
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center of Nanoheterostructures Physics, Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan V Grishchuk
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I Sakhenberg
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Polishchuk
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pavel N Brunkov
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center of Nanoheterostructures Physics, Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey E Romanov
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center of Nanoheterostructures Physics, Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Gender Differences in Zinc and Copper Excretion in Response to Co-Exposure to Low Environmental Concentrations of Cadmium and Lead. Stress 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the homeostasis of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) has been associated with nephrotoxicity of cadmium (Cd). Herein, we report the results of a cross sectional analysis of urinary excretion of Zn, Cu, Cd and lead (Pb) in 392 Thais (mean age 33.6) living in an area of low-level environmental exposure to Cd and Pb, reflected by the respective median Cd and Pb excretion rates of 0.44 and 1.75 μg/g creatinine. Evidence for dysregulation of Zn and Cu homeostasis has emerged together with gender differentiated responses. In men, excretion rates for Zn and Cu were increased concomitantly, and their urinary Zn-to-Cu ratios were maintained. In women, only Cu excretion rose, causing a reduction in urinary Zn-to-Cu ratios. Only in women, urinary Zn-to-Cu ratios were associated with worse kidney function, assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (β = −7.76, p = 0.015). Only in men, a positive association was seen between eGFR and body iron stores, reflected by serum ferritin (β = 5.32, p = 0.030). Thus, co-exposure to Cd and Pb may disrupt the homeostasis of Zn and Cu more severely in women than men, while urinary Zn-to-Cu ratios and body iron stores can serve as predictors of an adverse effect of co-exposure to Cd and Pb.
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21
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Bartnicka JJ, Al-Salemee F, Firth G, Blower PJ. L-Cysteine-mediated modulation of copper trafficking in prostate cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo investigation with 64Cu and 64Cu-PET. Metallomics 2020; 12:1508-1520. [PMID: 32959856 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper imbalance is implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Copper in blood is mainly transported by carrier proteins but a small fraction is bound to low molecular weight species, possibly amino acids. Their roles in cellular copper delivery are unknown. Our aim was to test whether accumulation of 64Cu into cancer-derived cells can be influenced by copper-binding serum amino acids. In vitro cellular accumulation of 64Cu was measured in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution in the presence of 100 μM l-histidine, l-methionine, l-cysteine and l-threonine. l-Cysteine markedly increased 64Cu accumulation and retention in DU145, PC3 and SK-OV-3 cells, while some other cell lines did not show an effect. This effect was not due to 64Cu delivery in the form of a 64Cu-cysteine complex, nor to reduction of 64Cu(ii) to 64Cu(i) by l-cysteine. Pre-incubation of cells with l-cysteine increased 64Cu accumulation, even if l-cysteine was removed from HBSS before 64Cu was added. The effect of l-cysteine on 64Cu accumulation was not mediated by increased glutathione synthesis. Despite the demonstrable in vitro effect, pre-injection of l-cysteine precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in vivo did not enhance 64Cu delivery to DU145 xenografts in mice. Instead, it decreased 64Cu accumulation in the DU145 tumour and in brain, as assessed by PET imaging. We conclude that 64Cu is not delivered to DU145 cancer cells in vitro as a complex with amino acids but its cellular accumulation is enhanced by l-cysteine or NAC influx to cells. The latter effect was not demonstrable in vivo in the DU145 xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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22
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Shanbhag VC, Gudekar N, Jasmer K, Papageorgiou C, Singh K, Petris MJ. Copper metabolism as a unique vulnerability in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118893. [PMID: 33091507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last 25 years have witnessed tremendous progress in identifying and characterizing proteins that regulate the uptake, intracellular trafficking and export of copper. Although dietary copper is required in trace amounts, sufficient quantities of this metal are needed to sustain growth and development in humans and other mammals. However, copper is also a rate-limiting nutrient for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Oral copper chelators taken with food have been shown to confer anti-neoplastic and anti-metastatic benefits in animals and humans. Recent studies have begun to identify specific roles for copper in pathways of oncogenic signaling and resistance to anti-neoplastic drugs. Here, we review the general mechanisms of cellular copper homeostasis and discuss roles of copper in cancer progression, highlighting metabolic vulnerabilities that may be targetable in the development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit C Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Nikita Gudekar
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Christos Papageorgiou
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Kamal Singh
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; The Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
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Copper Homeostasis in Mammals, with Emphasis on Secretion and Excretion. A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144932. [PMID: 32668621 PMCID: PMC7403968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Cu metabolism in mammals is that tissue and fluid levels are normally maintained within a very narrow range of concentrations. This results from the ability of the organism to respond to variations in intake from food and drink by balancing excretion, which occurs mainly via the bile and feces. Although this sounds straightforward and we have already learned a great deal about aspects of this process, the balance between overall intake and excretion occurs over a high background of Cu recycling, which has generally been ignored. In fact, most of the Cu absorbed from the GI tract actually comes from digestive fluids and is constantly “re-used”. A great deal more recycling of Cu probably occurs in the interior, between cells of individual tissues and the fluid of the blood and interstitium. This review presents what is known that is pertinent to understanding these complexities of mammalian Cu homeostasis and indicates where further studies are needed.
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Costas-Rodríguez M, Van Campenhout S, Hastuti AAMB, Devisscher L, Van Vlierberghe H, Vanhaecke F. Body distribution of stable copper isotopes during the progression of cholestatic liver disease induced by common bile duct ligation in mice. Metallomics 2020; 11:1093-1103. [PMID: 31021334 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic liver disease from different aetiologies show a light serum Cu isotopic composition compared to the reference population, with the enrichment in the 63Cu isotope correlating with the severity of the disease. However, the mechanisms underlying Cu isotope fractionation at the onset and during progression of the disease are still unclear. In this work, a common bile duct ligation (CBDL) murine model was used to investigate the effect of cholestasis-induced liver disease on the Cu isotopic composition. Wild type male and female mice underwent surgical ligation of the common bile duct and were sacrificed 2, 4 and 6 weeks, and 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the surgical intervention, respectively. The age- and gender-matched control mice underwent sham surgery. Disease progression was evaluated using serum bilirubin levels, hepatic pro-inflammatory chemokine levels and Metavir fibrosis score. CBDL-operated mice show an overall body enrichment in the light isotope 63Cu. The Cu isotopic composition of organs, bone and serum becomes gradually lighter compared to the sham-operated mice with increasing severity of the disease. The light Cu isotopic composition of the CBDL-operated mice might result from an altered Cu intake and/or excretion. As the intestinal uptake of dietary Cu is largely mediated by transporters of Cu(i), mRNA and protein expression levels of two major metal transporters (CTR1 and DMT1) and Cu reductases (STEAP proteins and duodenal cytochrome B) were examined in the duodenal tissues as potential factors inducing Cu isotope fractionation. However, no significant differences in protein expression levels were observed between the CBDL- and sham-operated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Costas-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Ilyechova EY, Miliukhina IV, Karpenko MN, Orlov IA, Puchkova LV, Samsonov SA. Case of Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in a Heterozygous Mutation Carrier of the ATP7B Gene. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9030041. [PMID: 31426520 PMCID: PMC6789574 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report a clinically proven case of Parkinson’s disease (PD) with early onset in a patient who is a heterozygous mutation carrier of ATP7B (the Wilson’s disease gene). The patient was observed from 2011 to 2018 in the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Experimental Medicine (St. Petersburg, Russia). During this period, the patient displayed aggravation of PD clinical symptoms that were accompanied by a decrease in the ceruloplasmin concentration (from 0.33 to 0.27 g/L) and an increase in serum nonceruloplasmin copper, which are typical of the late stages of Wilson’s disease. It was found that one of the alleles of exon 14 in the ATP7B gene, which partially codes of the nucleotide-binding domain (N-domain), carries a mutation not previously reported corresponding to Cys1079Gly substitution. Alignment of the ATP7B N-domain amino acid sequences of representative vertebrate species has shown that the Cys at 1079 position is conserved throughout the evolution. Molecular dynamic analysis of a polypeptide with Cys1079Gly substitution showed that the mutation causes profound conformational changes in the N-domain, which could potentially lead to impairment of its functions. The role of ATP7B gene mutations in PD development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehknicheskay str., 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Irina V Miliukhina
- Centre for Neurodegenerative diseases, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Maluy av., Petrogradskiy district, 13, St. Petersburg 197198, Russia
| | - Marina N Karpenko
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Iurii A Orlov
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
- Biophysics Department, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehknicheskay str., 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza str., 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Alam Y, Kim K, Flynn S, Fieten H, Weldy S, Linder MC. Unique Aspects of Copper Binding Components in the Blood Plasma of Dogs. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.825.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Alam
- Chem & BiochemCalifornia State University FullertonFullertonCA
| | - Kaitlynne Kim
- Chem & BiochemCalifornia State University FullertonFullertonCA
| | - Stephen Flynn
- Chem & BiochemCalifornia State University FullertonFullertonCA
| | | | - Scott Weldy
- Serrano Animal and Bird HospitalLake ForestCA
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Greig JA, Nordin JML, Smith MK, Ashley SN, Draper C, Zhu Y, Bell P, Buza EL, Wilson JM. A Gene Therapy Approach to Improve Copper Metabolism and Prevent Liver Damage in a Mouse Model of Wilson Disease. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2019; 30:29-39. [DOI: 10.1089/humc.2018.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A. Greig
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jayme M. L. Nordin
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie K. Smith
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott N. Ashley
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine Draper
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth L. Buza
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Polishchuk EV, Merolla A, Lichtmannegger J, Romano A, Indrieri A, Ilyechova EY, Concilli M, De Cegli R, Crispino R, Mariniello M, Petruzzelli R, Ranucci G, Iorio R, Pietrocola F, Einer C, Borchard S, Zibert A, Schmidt HH, Di Schiavi E, Puchkova LV, Franco B, Kroemer G, Zischka H, Polishchuk RS. Activation of Autophagy, Observed in Liver Tissues From Patients With Wilson Disease and From ATP7B-Deficient Animals, Protects Hepatocytes From Copper-Induced Apoptosis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1173-1189.e5. [PMID: 30452922 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism that leads to copper accumulation and toxicity in the liver and brain. It is caused by mutations in the adenosine triphosphatase copper transporting β gene (ATP7B), which encodes a protein that transports copper from hepatocytes into the bile. We studied ATP7B-deficient cells and animals to identify strategies to decrease copper toxicity in patients with WD. METHODS We used RNA-seq to compare gene expression patterns between wild-type and ATP7B-knockout HepG2 cells exposed to copper. We collected blood and liver tissues from Atp7b-/- and Atp7b+/- (control) rats (LPP) and mice; some mice were given 5 daily injections of an autophagy inhibitor (spautin-1) or vehicle. We obtained liver biopsies from 2 patients with WD in Italy and liver tissues from patients without WD (control). Liver tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, cell viability, apoptosis assays, and electron and confocal microscopy. Proteins were knocked down in cell lines using small interfering RNAs. Levels of copper were measured in cell lysates, blood samples, liver homogenates, and subcellular fractions by spectroscopy. RESULTS After exposure to copper, ATP7B-knockout cells had significant increases in the expression of 103 genes that regulate autophagy (including MAP1LC3A, known as LC3) compared with wild-type cells. Electron and confocal microscopy visualized more autophagic structures in the cytoplasm of ATP7B-knockout cells than wild-type cells after copper exposure. Hepatocytes in liver tissues from patients with WD and from Atp7b-/- mice and rats (but not controls) had multiple autophagosomes. In ATP7B-knockout cells, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) had decreased activity and was dissociated from lysosomes; this resulted in translocation of the mTOR substrate transcription factor EB to the nucleus and activation of autophagy-related genes. In wild-type HepG2 cells (but not ATP7B-knockout cells), exposure to copper and amino acids induced recruitment of mTOR to lysosomes. Pharmacologic inhibitors of autophagy or knockdown of autophagy proteins ATG7 and ATG13 induced and accelerated the death of ATP7B-knockout HepG2 cells compared with wild-type cells. Autophagy protected ATP7B-knockout cells from copper-induced death. CONCLUSION ATP7B-deficient hepatocytes, such as in those in patients with WD, activate autophagy in response to copper overload to prevent copper-induced apoptosis. Agents designed to activate this autophagic pathway might decrease copper toxicity in patients with WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources CNR, Italy
| | - Assunta Merolla
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Josef Lichtmannegger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Romano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mafalda Concilli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Crispino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Mariniello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Ranucci
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Iorio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Heissat S, Harel A, Um K, Brunet AS, Hervieu V, Guillaud O, Dumortier J, Lachaux A, Mintz E, Bost M. Evaluation of the accuracy of exchangeable copper and relative exchangeable copper (REC) in a mouse model of Wilson's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:652-657. [PMID: 30269758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene responsible for a toxic copper overload mainly in the liver and the central nervous system. Phenotypic heterogeneity may challenge the diagnostic confirmation. Exchangeable copper (CuEXC) has recently been proposed as a new marker of WD, and its ratio to the total serum copper (Cus), Relative Exchangeable Copper (REC = CuEXC/Cus), as a diagnostic marker. This study aimed to investigate whether this could be confirmed in Atp7b-/- mice, an engineered WD animal model. Atp7b-/- (n = 137) and wild type (WT; n = 101) mice were investigated under the same conditions at 6-8, 20, 39, or 50 weeks of age. Twenty-four Atp7b-/- mice received D-penicillamine treatment from 39 to 50 weeks of age. Serum and liver [histology and intrahepatic copper (IHCu)] data were evaluated. In the WT group, all serum and liver data were normal. Atp7b-/- livers developed a chronic injury from isolated moderate inflammation (6-8 weeks: 16/33 = 48%) to inflammatory fibrosis with cirrhosis (50 weeks: 25/25 = 100% and 16/25 = 64% respectively). Cus and CuEXC increased until week 39, whereas IHCu and REC were stable with increasing age and much higher than in WT mice (mean ± SD: 669 ± 269 vs. 13 ± 3 μg/g dry liver and 39 ± 12 vs. 11 ± 3%, respectively). A threshold value of 20% for REC provided a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100%, regardless of sex, age, or the use of D-penicillamine. Eleven weeks of 100 mg/kg D-penicillamine reduced liver fibrosis (p = 0.001), IHCu (p = 0.026) and CuEXC (p = 0.175). In conclusion, this study confirms REC as a WD diagnostic marker in a mouse model of chronic liver disease caused by copper overload. Further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of CuEXC to monitor the evolution of WD, particularly during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Heissat
- Hépatologie gastroentérologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France; Centre de référence national pour la maladie de Wilson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France.
| | - Amélie Harel
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, BIG-LCBM-BIOMET, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Khémary Um
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, BIG-LCBM-BIOMET, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Brunet
- Hépatologie gastroentérologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France; Centre de référence national pour la maladie de Wilson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- Service central d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, F-69003 Lyon (moved to Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, F-69677 Bron since september 2017), France
| | - Olivier Guillaud
- Centre de référence national pour la maladie de Wilson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Jerome Dumortier
- Centre de référence national pour la maladie de Wilson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Hépatologie gastroentérologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France; Centre de référence national pour la maladie de Wilson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Elisabeth Mintz
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, BIG-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, BIG-LCBM-BIOMET, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Muriel Bost
- Centre de référence national pour la maladie de Wilson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, F-69500 Bron, France; Laboratoire d'Analyse de Trace, Biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, F-69003 Lyon (moved to Centre de Biologie et d'AnatomoPathologie Sud, F-69495 Pierre-Bénite since september 2016), France
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Meacham KA, Cortés MP, Wiggins EM, Maass A, Latorre M, Ralle M, Burkhead JL. Altered zinc balance in the Atp7b -/- mouse reveals a mechanism of copper toxicity in Wilson disease. Metallomics 2018; 10:1595-1606. [PMID: 30277246 PMCID: PMC6310031 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the ATP7B gene that affects copper transport in the body. ATP7B mutation damages copper transporter function, ultimately resulting in excessive copper accumulation and subsequent toxicity in both the liver and brain. Mechanisms of copper toxicity, however, are not well defined. The Atp7b-/- mouse model is well-characterized and presents a hepatic phenotype consistent with WD. In this study, we found that the untreated Atp7b-/- mice accumulate approximately 2-fold excess hepatic zinc compared to the wild type. We used targeted transcriptomics and proteomics to analyze the molecular events associated with zinc and copper accumulation in the Atp7b-/- mouse liver. Altered gene expression of Zip5 and ZnT1 zinc transporters indicated a transcriptional homeostatic response, while increased copper/zinc ratios associated with high levels of metallothioneins 1 and 2, indicated altered Zn availability in cells. These data suggest that copper toxicity in Wilson disease includes effects on zinc-dependent proteins. Transcriptional network analysis of RNA-seq data reveals an interconnected network of transcriptional activators with over-representation of zinc-dependent and zinc-responsive transcription factors. In the context of previous research, these observations support the hypothesis that mechanisms of copper toxicity include disruption of intracellular zinc distribution in liver cells. The translational significance of this work lies in oral zinc supplementation in treatment for WD, which is thought to mediate protective effects through the induction of metallothionein synthesis in the intestine. This work indicates broader impacts of altered zinc-copper balance in WD, including global transcriptional responses and altered zinc balance in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Meacham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
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Puchkova LV, Babich PS, Zatulovskaia YA, Ilyechova EY, Di Sole F. Copper Metabolism of Newborns Is Adapted to Milk Ceruloplasmin as a Nutritive Source of Copper: Overview of the Current Data. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1591. [PMID: 30380720 PMCID: PMC6266612 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, which can potentially be a highly toxic agent, is an essential nutrient due to its role as a cofactor for cuproenzymes and its participation in signaling pathways. In mammals, the liver is a central organ that controls copper turnover throughout the body, including copper absorption, distribution, and excretion. In ontogenesis, there are two types of copper metabolism, embryonic and adult, which maintain the balance of copper in each of these periods of life, respectively. In the liver cells, these types of metabolism are characterized by the specific expression patterns and activity levels of the genes encoding ceruloplasmin, which is the main extracellular ferroxidase and copper transporter, and the proteins mediating ceruloplasmin metalation. In newborns, the molecular genetic mechanisms responsible for copper homeostasis and the ontogenetic switch from embryonic to adult copper metabolism are highly adapted to milk ceruloplasmin as a dietary source of copper. In the mammary gland cells, the level of ceruloplasmin gene expression and the alternative splicing of its pre-mRNA govern the amount of ceruloplasmin in the milk, and thus, the amount of copper absorbed by a newborn is controlled. In newborns, the absorption, distribution, and accumulation of copper are adapted to milk ceruloplasmin. If newborns are not breast-fed in the early stages of postnatal development, they do not have this natural control ensuring alimentary copper balance in the body. Although there is still much to be learned about the neonatal consequences of having an imbalance of copper in the mother/newborn system, the time to pay attention to this problem has arrived because the neonatal misbalance of copper may provoke the development of copper-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V Puchkova
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, 197101 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov str., 12, 197376 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politekhnicheskaya str., 29, 195251 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Polina S Babich
- Department of Zoology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kazanskaya str., 6, 191186 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Yulia A Zatulovskaia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, 197101 St.-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Francesca Di Sole
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.
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Reed E, Lutsenko S, Bandmann O. Animal models of Wilson disease. J Neurochem 2018; 146:356-373. [PMID: 29473169 PMCID: PMC6107386 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism manifesting with hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The limitations of the currently available therapy for WD (particularly in the management of neuropsychiatric disease), together with our limited understanding of key aspects of this illness (e.g. neurological vs. hepatic presentation) justify the ongoing need to study WD in suitable animal models. Four animal models of WD have been established: the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, the toxic-milk mouse, the Atp7b knockout mouse and the Labrador retriever. The existing models of WD all show good similarity to human hepatic WD and have been helpful in developing an improved understanding of the human disease. As mammals, the mouse, rat and canine models also benefit from high homology to the human genome. However, important differences exist between these mammalian models and human disease, particularly the absence of a convincing neurological phenotype. This review will first provide an overview of our current knowledge of the orthologous genes encoding ATP7B and the closely related ATP7A protein in C. elegans, Drosophila and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and then summarise key characteristics of rodent and larger mammalian models of ATP7B-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reed
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Baltimore, USA
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Groba SR, Guttmann S, Niemietz C, Bernick F, Sauer V, Hachmöller O, Karst U, Zischka H, Zibert A, Schmidt HH. Downregulation of hepatic multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) after copper exposure. Metallomics 2018; 9:1279-1287. [PMID: 28805879 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is strictly regulated in mammalian cells. We investigated the adaptation of hepatocytes after long-term copper exposure. Copper-resistant hepatoma HepG2 cell lines lacking ATP7B were generated. Growth, copper accumulation, gene expression, and transport were determined. Hepatocyte-like cells derived from a Wilson disease (WD) patient and the liver of a WD animal model were also studied. The rapidly gained copper resistance was found to be stable, as subculturing of cells in the absence of added copper (weaning) did not restore copper sensitivity. Intracellular copper levels and the expression of MT1 and HSP70 were increased, whereas the expression of CTR1 was reduced. However, the values normalized after weaning. In contrast, downregulation of multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), encoding P-glycoprotein (P-gp), was shown to be permanent. Calcein assays confirmed the downregulation of MDR1 in the resistant cell lines. MDR1 knockdown by siRNA resulted in increased copper resistance and decreased intracellular copper. Treatment of the resistant cells with verapamil, a known inducer of MDR1, was followed by increased copper-induced toxicity. Downregulation of MDR1 was also observed in hepatocyte-like cells derived from a WD patient after copper exposure. In addition, MDR1 was downregulated in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats when the liver copper was elevated. The results indicate that downregulation of MDR1 is an adaptation of hepatic cells after sustained copper exposure when ATP7B is non-functional. Our data add to the versatile functions of MDR1 in the hepatocyte and may have an impact on the treatment of copper-related diseases, prominently WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Reinartz Groba
- Klinik für Transplantationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A14, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty K, Shukla A. Cellular copper homeostasis: current concepts on its interplay with glutathione homeostasis and its implication in physiology and human diseases. Metallomics 2018; 9:1376-1388. [PMID: 28675215 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a trace element essential for almost all living organisms. But the level of intracellular copper needs to be tightly regulated. Dysregulation of cellular copper homeostasis leading to various diseases demonstrates the importance of this tight regulation. Copper homeostasis is regulated not only within the cell but also within individual intracellular compartments. Inactivation of export machinery results in excess copper being redistributed into various intracellular organelles. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of glutathione in playing an important role in regulating copper entry and intracellular copper homeostasis. Therefore interplay of both homeostases might play an important role within the cell. Similar to copper, glutathione balance is tightly regulated within individual cellular compartments. This review explores the existing literature on the role of glutathione in regulating cellular copper homeostasis. On the one hand, interplay of glutathione and copper homeostasis performs an important role in normal physiological processes, for example neuronal differentiation. On the other hand, perturbation of the interplay might play a key role in the pathogenesis of copper homeostasis disorders.
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35
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Xie F, Xi Y, Pascual JM, Muzik O, Peng F. Age-dependent changes of cerebral copper metabolism in Atp7b -/- knockout mouse model of Wilson's disease by [ 64Cu]CuCl 2-PET/CT. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:717-726. [PMID: 28130615 PMCID: PMC5573586 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a nutritional metal required for brain development and function. Wilson's disease (WD), or hepatolenticular degeneration, is an inherited human copper metabolism disorder caused by a mutation of the ATP7B gene. Many WD patients present with variable neurological and psychiatric symptoms, which may be related to neurodegeneration secondary to copper metabolism imbalance. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility and use of copper-64 chloride ([64C]CuCl2) as a tracer for noninvasive assessment of age-dependent changes of cerebral copper metabolism in WD using an Atp7b -/- knockout mouse model of WD and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Continuing from our recent study of biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of [64C]CuCl2 in Atp7b -/- knockout mice, PET quantitative analysis revealed low 64Cu radioactivity in the brains of Atp7b -/- knockout mice at 7th weeks of age, compared with 64Cu radioactivity in the brains of age- and gender-matched wild type C57BL/6 mice, at 24 h (h) post intravenous injection of [64C]CuCl2 as a tracer. Furthermore, age-dependent increase of 64Cu radioactivity was detected in the brains of Atp7b -/- knockout mice from the 13th to 21th weeks of age, based on the data derived from a longitudinal [64C]CuCl2-PET/CT study of Atp7b -/- knockout mice with orally administered [64Cu]CuCl2 as a tracer. The findings of this study support clinical use of [64Cu]CuCl2-PET/CT imaging as a tool for noninvasive assessment of age-dependent changes of cerebral copper metabolism in WD patients presenting with variable neurological and psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9140, USA
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9140, USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Otto Muzik
- Carman & Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fangyu Peng
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-9140, USA.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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38
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is indispensible for growth and development of human organisms. It is required for such fundamental and ubiquitous processes as respiration and protection against reactive oxygen species. Cu also enables catalytic activity of enzymes that critically contribute to the functional identity of many cells and tissues. Pigmentation, production of norepinephrine by the adrenal gland, the key steps in the formation of connective tissue, neuroendocrine signaling, wound healing - all these processes require Cu and depend on Cu entering the secretory pathway. To reach the Cu-dependent enzymes in a lumen of the trans-Golgi network and various vesicular compartments, Cu undertakes a complex journey crossing the extracellular and intracellular membranes and staying firmly on course while traveling in a cytosol. The proteins that assist Cu in this journey by mediating its entry, distribution, and export, have been identified. The accumulating data also indicate that the current model of cellular Cu homeostasis is still a "skeleton" that has to be fleshed out with many new details. This review summarizes recent data on the mechanisms responsible for Cu transfer to the secretory pathway. The emerging new concepts and gaps in our knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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39
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Ortiz de Solorzano I, Prieto M, Mendoza G, Alejo T, Irusta S, Sebastian V, Arruebo M. Microfluidic Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Photothermal Biodegradable Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21545-54. [PMID: 27486785 PMCID: PMC5035094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuous synthesis of biodegradable photothermal copper sulfide nanoparticles has been carried out with the aid of a microfluidic platform. A comparative physicochemical characterization of the resulting products from the microreactor and from a conventional batch reactor has been performed. The microreactor is able to operate in a continuous manner and with a 4-fold reduction in the synthesis times compared to that of the conventional batch reactor producing nanoparticles with the same physicochemical requirements. Biodegradation subproducts obtained under simulated physiological conditions have been identified, and a complete cytotoxicological analysis on different cell lines was performed. The photothermal effect of those nanomaterials has been demonstrated in vitro as well as their ability to generate reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortiz de Solorzano
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Prieto
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alejo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center
on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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The Role of Copper Chaperone Atox1 in Coupling Redox Homeostasis to Intracellular Copper Distribution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5030025. [PMID: 27472369 PMCID: PMC5039574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) is a small cytosolic protein with an essential role in copper homeostasis. Atox1 functions as a copper carrier facilitating copper transfer to the secretory pathway. This process is required for activation of copper dependent enzymes involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis, iron efflux, neovascularization, wound healing, and regulation of blood pressure. Recently, new cellular roles for Atox1 have emerged. Changing levels of Atox1 were shown to modulate response to cancer therapies, contribute to inflammatory response, and protect cells against various oxidative stresses. It has also become apparent that the activity of Atox1 is tightly linked to the cellular redox status. In this review, we summarize biochemical information related to a dual role of Atox1 as a copper chaperone and an antioxidant. We discuss how these two activities could be linked and contribute to establishing the intracellular copper balance and functional identity of cells during differentiation.
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Linder MC. Ceruloplasmin and other copper binding components of blood plasma and their functions: an update. Metallomics 2016; 8:887-905. [PMID: 27426697 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We know that blood plasma contains many proteins and also other components that bind copper. The largest contributor to copper in the plasma is ceruloplasmin, which accounts for 40-70 percent. Apart from ceruloplasmin and albumin, most of these components have not been studied extensively, and even for ceruloplasmin and albumin, much remains to be discovered. New components with new functions, and new functions of known components are emerging, some warranting reconsideration of earlier findings. The author's laboratory has been actively involved in research on this topic. This review summarizes and updates our knowledge of the nature and functions of ceruloplasmin and the other known and emerging copper-containing molecules (principally proteins) in this fluid, to better understand how they contribute to copper homeostasis and consider their potential significance to health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Linder
- California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
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42
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Copper dyshomoeostasis in Parkinson's disease: implications for pathogenesis and indications for novel therapeutics. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:565-74. [PMID: 26957644 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a biometal essential for normal brain development and function, thus copper deficiency or excess results in central nervous system disease. Well-characterized disorders of disrupted copper homoeostasis with neuronal degeneration include Menkes disease and Wilson's disease but a large body of evidence also implicates disrupted copper pathways in other neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and prion diseases. In this short review we critically evaluate the data regarding changes in systemic and brain copper levels in Parkinson's disease, where alterations in brain copper are associated with regional neuronal cell death and disease pathology. We review copper regulating mechanisms in the human brain and the effects of dysfunction within these systems. We then examine the evidence for a role for copper in pathogenic processes in Parkinson's disease and consider reports of diverse copper-modulating strategies in in vitro and in vivo models of this disorder. Copper-modulating therapies are currently advancing through clinical trials for Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease and may also hold promise as disease modifying agents in Parkinson's disease.
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Lee S, Barin G, Ackerman CM, Muchenditsi A, Xu J, Reimer JA, Lutsenko S, Long JR, Chang CJ. Copper Capture in a Thioether-Functionalized Porous Polymer Applied to the Detection of Wilson's Disease. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7603-9. [PMID: 27285482 PMCID: PMC5555401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Copper is an essential
nutrient for life, but at the same time,
hyperaccumulation of this redox-active metal in biological fluids
and tissues is a hallmark of pathologies such as Wilson’s and
Menkes diseases, various neurodegenerative diseases, and toxic environmental
exposure. Diseases characterized by copper hyperaccumulation are currently
challenging to identify due to costly diagnostic tools that involve
extensive technical workup. Motivated to create simple yet highly
selective and sensitive diagnostic tools, we have initiated a program
to develop new materials that can enable monitoring of copper levels
in biological fluid samples without complex and expensive instrumentation.
Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and properties of PAF-1-SMe,
a robust three-dimensional porous aromatic framework (PAF) densely
functionalized with thioether groups for selective capture and concentration
of copper from biofluids as well as aqueous samples. PAF-1-SMe exhibits
a high selectivity for copper over other biologically relevant metals,
with a saturation capacity reaching over 600 mg/g. Moreover, the combination
of PAF-1-SMe as a material for capture and concentration of copper
from biological samples with 8-hydroxyquinoline as a colorimetric
indicator affords a method for identifying aberrant elevations of
copper in urine samples from mice with Wilson’s disease and
also tracing exogenously added copper in serum. This divide-and-conquer
sensing strategy, where functional and robust porous materials serve
as molecular recognition elements that can be used to capture and
concentrate analytes in conjunction with molecular indicators for
signal readouts, establishes a valuable starting point for the use
of porous polymeric materials in noninvasive diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abigael Muchenditsi
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | | | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Lai M, Wang D, Lin Z, Zhang Y. Small Molecule Copper and Its Relative Metabolites in Serum of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:214-9. [PMID: 26573522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is a strong pro-oxidant. The most important pro-oxidative form in serum is small molecule copper (SMC), which is copper that is loosely bound to small molecules, such as amino acids and polypeptides. The association between copper and atherosclerotic diseases has been confirmed, but that between SMC and cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), one of the most principal manifestations and causes of death of atherosclerotic disease, is not yet clear. METHODS We recruited 45 CIS patients and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We detected their serum levels of SMC, total copper, homocysteine (Hcy), and ceruloplasmin (CP), as well as urinary total copper, and analyzed the relationship of SMC with these aforementioned metabolites or compounds in CIS patients. RESULTS SMC was 4.2 ± .5 µg/L and 2.1 ± .9 µg/L; total copper in sera was 1345.5 ± 308.2 µg/L and 1180.3 ± 134.0 µg/L; and total copper in urine was 27.6 ± 9.3 µg/L and 18.8 ± 8.1 µg/L in patients and controls, respectively (all P < .05). Serum CP activity in CIS patients was 59.92 ± 12.11 U/L versus 37.76 ± 5.71 U/L in controls (P = .0001). The concentration of SMC was positively correlated with CP activity, Hcy concentration in sera, and urinary total copper. CONCLUSION The serum level of SMC and total copper is remarkably elevated, and SMC positively correlates with Hcy, CP activity, and urinary total copper in CIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Lai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dian Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Zatulovskaia YA, Ilyechova EY, Puchkova LV. The Features of Copper Metabolism in the Rat Liver during Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140797. [PMID: 26474410 PMCID: PMC4608700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong interest in copper homeostasis is due to the fact that copper is simultaneously a catalytic co-factor of the vital enzymes, a participant in signaling, and a toxic agent provoking oxidative stress. In mammals, during development copper metabolism is conformed to two types. In embryonic type copper metabolism (ETCM), newborns accumulate copper to high level in the liver because its excretion via bile is blocked; and serum copper concentration is low because ceruloplasmin (the main copper-containing protein of plasma) gene expression is repressed. In the late weaning, the ETCM switches to the adult type copper metabolism (ATCM), which is manifested by the unlocking of copper excretion and the induction of ceruloplasmin gene activity. The considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of copper metabolic turnover in the ATCM, but many aspects of the copper homeostasis in the ETCM remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the copper metabolism during transition from the ETCM (up to 12-days-old) to the ATCM in the rats. It was shown that in the liver, copper was accumulated in the nuclei during the first 5 days of life, and then it was re-located to the mitochondria. In parallel with the mitochondria, copper bulk bound with cytosolic metallothionein was increased. All compartments of the liver cells rapidly lost most of their copper on the 13th day of life. In newborns, serum copper concentration was low, and its major fraction was associated with holo-Cp, however, a small portion of copper was bound to extracellular metallothionein and a substance that was slowly eluted during gel-filtration. In adults, serum copper concentration increased by about a factor of 3, while metallothionein-bound copper level decreased by a factor of 2. During development, the expression level of Cp, Sod1, Cox4i1, Atp7b, Ctr1, Ctr2, Cox17, and Ccs genes was significantly increased, and metallothionein was decreased. Atp7a gene’s activity was fully repressed. The copper routes in newborns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Zatulovskaia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Y Ilyechova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of trace element metabolism, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of trace element metabolism, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Prasad R, Hawthorne B, Durai D, McDowell I. Zinc in denture adhesive: a rare cause of copper deficiency in a patient on home parenteral nutrition. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211390. [PMID: 26452740 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 65-year-old woman with Crohn's disease, who had been on home parenteral nutrition for many years, presented with perioral paraesthesia and a burning sensation in the mouth. Initial blood tests including serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate, were normal apart from mild pancytopaenia. Serum copper was low, in spite of receiving regular copper in her parenteral feeds. The copper in her parenteral feeds was increased initially, but when it did not improve, she was started on weekly intravenous copper infusions. She was using dental adhesive, which had zinc in it, and a possibility that this was causing her copper deficiency was raised. Serum zinc levels were normal, but urinary zinc was very high. The patient was advised to use zinc-free dental adhesive and her copper level returned to normal within a few months with normalisation of her pancytopaenia, and partial resolution of her oral paraesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Barney Hawthorne
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dharmaraj Durai
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian McDowell
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Candida albicans adapts to host copper during infection by swapping metal cofactors for superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5336-42. [PMID: 26351691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513447112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is both an essential nutrient and potentially toxic metal, and during infection the host can exploit Cu in the control of pathogen growth. Here we describe a clever adaptation to Cu taken by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. In laboratory cultures with abundant Cu, C. albicans expresses a Cu-requiring form of superoxide dismutase (Sod1) in the cytosol; but when Cu levels decline, cells switch to an alternative Mn-requiring Sod3. This toggling between Cu- and Mn-SODs is controlled by the Cu-sensing regulator Mac1 and ensures that C. albicans maintains constant SOD activity for cytosolic antioxidant protection despite fluctuating Cu. This response to Cu is initiated during C. albicans invasion of the host where the yeast is exposed to wide variations in Cu. In a murine model of disseminated candidiasis, serum Cu was seen to progressively rise over the course of infection, but this heightened Cu response was not mirrored in host tissue. The kidney that serves as the major site of fungal infection showed an initial rise in Cu, followed by a decline in the metal. C. albicans adjusted its cytosolic SODs accordingly and expressed Cu-Sod1 at early stages of infection, followed by induction of Mn-Sod3 and increases in expression of CTR1 for Cu uptake. Together, these studies demonstrate that fungal infection triggers marked fluctuations in host Cu and C. albicans readily adapts by modulating Cu uptake and by exchanging metal cofactors for antioxidant SODs.
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Koh EI, Henderson JP. Microbial Copper-binding Siderophores at the Host-Pathogen Interface. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18967-74. [PMID: 26055720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.644328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogenic microorganisms secrete small molecule chelators called siderophores defined by their ability to bind extracellular ferric iron, making it bioavailable to microbes. Recently, a siderophore produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, yersiniabactin, was found to also bind copper ions during human infections. The ability of yersiniabactin to protect E. coli from copper toxicity and redox-based phagocyte defenses distinguishes it from other E. coli siderophores. Here we compare yersiniabactin to other extracellular copper-binding molecules and review how copper-binding siderophores may confer virulence-associated gains of function during infection pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ik Koh
- From the Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jeffrey P Henderson
- From the Center for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Favier RP, Spee B, Fieten H, van den Ingh TSGAM, Schotanus BA, Brinkhof B, Rothuizen J, Penning LC. Aberrant expression of copper associated genes after copper accumulation in COMMD1-deficient dogs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:347-53. [PMID: 25053573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COMMD1-deficient dogs progressively develop copper-induced chronic hepatitis. Since high copper leads to oxidative damage, we measured copper metabolism and oxidative stress related gene products during development of the disease. METHODS Five COMMD1-deficient dogs were studied from 6 months of age over a period of five years. Every 6 months blood was analysed and liver biopsies were taken for routine histological evaluation (grading of hepatitis), rubeanic acid copper staining and quantitative copper analysis. Expression of genes involved in copper metabolism (COX17, CCS, ATOX1, MT1A, CP, ATP7A, ATP7B, ) and oxidative stress (SOD1, catalase, GPX1 ) was measured by qPCR. Due to a sudden death of two animals, the remaining three dogs were treated with d-penicillamine from 43 months of age till the end of the study. Presented data for time points 48, 54, and 60 months was descriptive only. RESULTS A progressive trend from slight to marked hepatitis was observed at histology, which was clearly preceded by an increase in semi-quantitative copper levels starting at 12 months until 42 months of age. During the progression of hepatitis most gene products measured were transiently increased. Most prominent was the rapid increase in the copper binding gene product MT1A mRNA levels. This was followed by a transient increase in ATP7A and ATP7B mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS In the sequence of events, copper accumulation induced progressive hepatitis followed by a transient increase in gene products associated with intracellular copper trafficking and temporal activation of anti-oxidative stress mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Brinkhof
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lutsenko S. Modifying factors and phenotypic diversity in Wilson's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1315:56-63. [PMID: 24702697 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a human disorder of copper homeostasis caused by mutations in the copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B. WD is characterized by copper accumulation, predominantly in the liver and brain, hepatic pathology, and wide differences between patients in the age of onset and the spectrum of symptoms. Several factors contribute to the phenotypic variability of WD. The WD-causing mutations produce a wide range of changes in stability, activity, intracellular localization, and trafficking of ATP7B; the nonpathogenic genetic polymorphisms may contribute to the phenotype. In Atp7b(-/-) mice, a mouse model of WD, an abnormal intracellular distribution of copper in the liver triggers distinct changes in the transcriptome; these mRNA profiles might be used to more specifically define disease progression. The major effect of accumulating copper on lipid metabolism and especially cholesterol homeostasis in mice and humans suggests the importance of fat and cholesterol metabolism as modifying factors in WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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