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Ciprandi G, Tosca MA. Nutraceuticals and non-pharmacological remedies for managing patients with allergic rhinitis. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:905-913. [PMID: 36282486 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.07027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease characterized by type 2 inflammation and typical symptoms. Although pharmacologic treatment can be effective, prolonged administration of drugs can be associated with adverse reactions and seldom reduction of effectiveness. Therefore, complementary medicine is widespread in clinical practice, mainly in pediatric settings, and pleasing to parents. We reviewed and discussed the most relevant nutraceuticals and non-pharmacological remedies used in managing patients with AR. Nutraceutical, according to Defelice is "a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease," and is commonly prescribed by pediatrics as well as self-prescription by parents. There is evidence that some components exert beneficial effects in AR. Some compounds, including micronutrients, vitamins, probiotics, herbal medicines, hyaluronic acid, and saline solutions, could positively and safely be used in children with AR as add-on remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A Tosca
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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2
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El Abdali Y, Saghrouchni H, Kara M, Mssillou I, Allali A, Jardan YAB, Kafkas NE, El-Assri EM, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M, Almaary KS, Eloutassi N, Bouia A. Exploring the Bioactive Compounds in Some Apple Vinegar Samples and Their Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3850. [PMID: 38005745 PMCID: PMC10675503 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Apple vinegar is highly recommended for nutrition due to its health benefits and bioactive components. However, the apple cultivar greatly influences the quality of the vinegar. In this research, our focus was on examining the impact of four different apple cultivars on the physicochemical attributes, chemical composition, as well as biological properties-including antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activities-of vinegar. Interestingly, the physicochemical properties of vinegar and the contents of acetic acid and polyphenols depend on the apple cultivars. HPLC chromatographic analysis showed that citric acid (820.62-193.63 mg/100 g) and gallic acid (285.70-54.40 µg/g) were mostly abundant in the vinegar samples. The in vivo results showed that administration of Golden Delicious apple vinegar (10 mL/kg) to adult Wistar rats reduced carrageenan-induced inflammation by 37.50%. The same vinegar sample exhibited a significant antidepressant effect by reducing the rats' immobility time by 31.07% in the forced swimming test. Due to its high acidity, Golden Delicious vinegar was found to be more effective against bacteria, particularly Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, resulting in a MIC value of 31.81 mg/mL. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of various vinegar samples was found to be powerful, displaying optimal values of IC50 = 65.20 mg/mL, 85.83%, and 26.45 AAE/g in the DPPH, β-carotene decolorization and TAC assays, respectively. In conclusion, the apple cultivars used in this study impact the chemical composition and biological activities of vinegar, which may help demonstrate the importance of raw material selection for the production of vinegar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness El Abdali
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Balcalı/Sarıçam, Adana 01330, Turkey;
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Naturals Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco;
| | - Ibrahim Mssillou
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco;
| | - Aimad Allali
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesibe Ebru Kafkas
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Balcalı/Sarıçam, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - El-Mehdi El-Assri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Khalid S. Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Eloutassi
- Laboratory of Pedagogy and Technological Innovation, Regional Centre of Education and Formation Professions, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Abdelhak Bouia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco
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Tang Z, Qin Y, Wang Y, Lin W, Wang Q, Shen N, Xiao Y, Chen H, Chen H, Bu T, Li Q, Yao H, Feng S, Ding C. The endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort possesses DNA damage-protecting potential and increases stress resistance properties in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:983716. [PMID: 36110524 PMCID: PMC9468742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.983716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts (POE) of Penicillium oxalate isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort have been investigated. However, the biological activity of POE is limited, and its antioxidant, stress resistance and DNA protection effects in vivo are unclear. The current study aims to explore the beneficial effects of POE on DNA damage protection in pBR322 plasmid and lymphocytes and stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that POE increased the survival rate of C. elegans under 35°C, UV and H2O2 stress, attenuated ROS and MDA accumulation, and enhanced the activity of some important enzymes (SOD, CTA, and GSH-PX). In addition, the POE-mediated stress resistance involved the upregulation of the expression of the sod-3, sod-5, gst-4, ctl-1, ctl-2, daf-16, hsp-16.1, hsp-16.2, and hsf-1 genes and acted dependently on daf-16 and hsf-1 rather than skn-1. Moreover, POE also reduced lipofuscin levels, but did not prolong the lifespan or damage the growth, reproduction and locomotion of C. elegans. Furthermore, POE showed a protective effect against DNA scission in the pBR322 plasmid and lymphocytes. These results suggested that P. oxalate extracts have significant anti-stress and DNA protection potential and could be potential drug candidates in the pharmaceutical field, thus greatly broadening the understanding of the biological effects of the endophytic fungus P. oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zizhong Tang, ; Hui Chen,
| | - Yihan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yueyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Nayu Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zizhong Tang, ; Hui Chen,
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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Retraction: Apple Peel Polyphenols and Their Beneficial Actions on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267060. [PMID: 35421201 PMCID: PMC9009698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Guo Z, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu J, Yan H, Chen H, He J, Zheng P, Luo Y, Yu B. Apple polyphenols improve intestinal barrier function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing inflammation in weaning piglets. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13747. [PMID: 35699681 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of apple polyphenols (APPs) on antioxidant capacity, immune and inflammatory response, and barrier function in weaning piglets. Results showed that APPs improved jejunal barrier function by increasing the villus height, villus height/crypt depth, the mRNA levels of occludin, mucin-1, and mucin-4 and up-regulating the protein expression of occluding (P < 0.05). As for antioxidant capacity, APPs increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity level in jejunum (P < 0.05). Besides, APPs up-regulated the protein expressions of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear-related factor 2 (NRF2) and down-regulated the protein expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). As regard to immune and inflammatory response, APPs increased the immunoglobulin A content in serum and decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and IL-8 in jejunum (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary APPs supplementation improves the jejunal barrier function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing the mRNA expression related to inflammation, which may be related to the NRF2 signal and TLR4/NF-κB signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Ren Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, Ouyang F, Tan X, Li D, Xu L, Li B, Wang Y, Li F. Apple phenolic extract ameliorates lead-induced cognitive impairment, depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice through abating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via miR-22-3p/SIRT1 axis. Food Funct 2022; 13:2647-2661. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead can lead to neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. In this study, for the first time, the protective effects and working mechanisms of apple phenolic extract (APE) against lead acetate (Pb(Ac)2)-induced...
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Apple Polyphenols Extract (APE) Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis and Accompanying Neuroinflammation via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Pyroptosis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112711. [PMID: 34828992 PMCID: PMC8619666 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate the potent anti-apoptosis and anti-pyroptosis effects of apple polyphenols extract (APE) on dextran sulfate sodium model group (DSS)-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) and the protective effect of APE against acute UC-related neuroinflammation and synapse damage. Forty-three C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into a control group (CON), a 3% DSS model group (DSS), a 500 mg/(kg·bw·d) APE group (HAP), and a 125 (LD) or 500 (HD) mg/(kg·bw·d) APE treatment concomitantly with DSS treatment group. The results showed that APE significantly ameliorated DSS-induced acute UC through inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis and the Caspase-1/Caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis pathway, with increased BCL-2 protein expression and decreased protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1/11, and GSDND. Furthermore, APE significantly reduced acute UC-related neuroinflammation and synapse damage, supported by decreased mRNA levels of hypothalamus Cox-2 and hippocampus Gfap and also increased the mRNA levels of hypothalamus Psd-95. The increased protein expression of ZO-1 and Occludin improved the intestinal barrier integrity and improved the function of goblet cells by upregulating the protein level of MUC-2 and TTF3 accounted for the beneficial effects of APE on UC-associated neuroinflammation. Therefore, APE might be a safe and effective agent for the management of acute UC.
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8
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Ferulic acid: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and derivatives. Life Sci 2021; 284:119921. [PMID: 34481866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a kind of phenolic substance widely existing in plants, is an important active component of many traditional Chinese medicines. So far, it has been proved that ferulic acid has a variety of biological activities, especially in oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial injury, fibrosis, apoptosis and platelet aggregation. Many studies have shown that ferulic acid can inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway, the production of ROS and the activity of aldose reductase. The anti-inflammatory effect of ferulic acid is mainly related to the levels of PPAR γ, CAM and NF-κ B and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Ferulic acid not only protects vascular endothelium by ERK1/2 and NO/ET-1 signal, but also plays an anti-fibrosis role by TGF-β/Smad and MMPs/TIMPs system. Moreover, ferulic acid has ant-apoptotic and anti-platelet effects. In addition to the pharmacological effects of ferulic acid, its pharmacokinetics and derivatives were also discussed in this paper. This review provides the latest summary of the latest research on ferulic acid.
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Tripathi S, Mitra Mazumder P. Comprehensive investigations for a potential natural prophylaxis-A cellular and murine model for apple cider vinegar against hydrogen peroxide and scopolamine induced oxidative stress. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:105-118. [PMID: 34184291 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the critical marker of neurological complications such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is known to have health benefits due to its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and high antioxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that regular consumption of ACV would protect against AD-like neurological diseases via inhibition of oxidative stress. Authors have compared the efficacy of ACV with that of Chrysin and Rivastigmine in cellular and animal studies. In the cellular study, oxidative stress was induced in Neuro2A cells (1 × 107 ) via H2 O2 (50 μM) treatment. Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was performed, and cell viability, SOD, GSH, lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were measured. Similarly, in the animal study, oxidative stress was introduced in Swiss albino mice (10-11 weeks old, 20-25 g, n = 30) via scopolamine (1 mg/kg). Subsequently, histopathological experiments were performed; cognitive ability, AChE activity, and SOD, GSH, and MDA levels were measured. The in vitro results indicated that ACV (2 μM) provided better protection than Chrysin and Rivstigmine in cell viability. ACV has also performed better in restoring the antioxidants markers (SOD, GSH levels) and reducing MDA and AChE levels. In the in vivo study, test compounds (ACV, Chrysin, and Rivastigmine) improved cognitive impairment, increased the SOD and GSH level, reduced the MDA level and AChE activity, and protected the cortex-hippocampal neurons from degeneration. Here also, ACV (0.7%) showed better neuroprotection than the other two compounds. Therefore, these results supported our hypothesis that moderate consumption of ACV might prove to be beneficial prophylaxis against AD-like neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, BIT, Ranchi, India
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Analytical Methods for Extraction and Identification of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Apple (Malus domestica) Fruits: A Review. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples represent a greater proportion of the worldwide fruit supply, due to their availability on the market and to the high number of existing cultivar varieties and apple-based products (fresh fruit, fruit juice, cider and crushed apples). Several studies on apple fruit metabolites are available, with most of them focusing on their healthy properties’ evaluation. In general, the metabolic profile of apple fruits strongly correlates with most of their peculiar characteristics, such as taste, flavor and color. At the same time, many bioactive molecules could be identified as markers of a specific apple variety. Therefore, a complete description of the analytical protocols commonly used for apple metabolites’ characterization and quantification could be useful for researchers involved in the identification of new phytochemical compounds from different apple varieties. This review describes the analytical methods published in the last ten years, in order to analyze the most important primary and secondary metabolites of Malus domestica fruits. In detail, this review gives an account of the spectrophotometric, chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. A discussion on the quantitative and qualitative analytical shortcomings for the identification of sugars, fatty acids, polyphenols, organic acids, carotenoids and terpenes found in apple fruits is reported.
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Metabolomic Characterization of Commercial, Old, and Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060378. [PMID: 34208114 PMCID: PMC8230845 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a metabolomic investigation was presented to correlate single polyphenolic compounds in apple pulp with quality characteristics such as antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in apple skin. Since the concentration of these compounds is influenced by environmental factors, the twenty-two apple cultivars originate from the same site. The polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The antioxidant activity, phenolic content, and anthocyanins were evaluated on the sunny and the shady sides of apple skin by spectrometric assays. In old apple varieties, the measured parameters were higher than in the commercial and red-fleshed varieties. By contrast, the profile of flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins was variable amongst commercial and red-fleshed varieties. The partial least square (PLS) method was applied to investigate the association between the skin proprieties and the metabolic profile of the pulp. The highest coefficients of determination in prediction (Q2) were obtained for compounds quantified in old cultivars. These results provided information to define the old apple varieties as a reliable group based on the pathway of the antioxidant compounds and anthocyanins content. Our results show the possibility to find cultivars with promising health features based on their content of polyphenols suitable for commercialization or breeding.
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Evaluation of the compounds commonly known as superoxide dismutase and catalase mimics in cellular models. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111431. [PMID: 33798828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress that results from an imbalance between the concentrations of reactive species (RS) and antioxidant defenses is associated with many pathologies. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase are among the key enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. The increase in the levels of these species and their progeny could have deleterious effects. In this context, chemists have developed SOD and CAT mimics to supplement them when cells are overwhelmed with oxidative stress. However, the beneficial activity of such molecules in cells depends not only on their intrinsic catalytic activities but also on their stability in biological context, their cell penetration and their cellular localization. We have employed cellular assays to characterize several compounds that possess SOD and CAT activities and have been frequently used in cellular and animal models. We used cellular assays that address SOD and CAT activities of the compounds. Finally, we determined the effect of compounds on the suppression of the inflammation in HT29-MD2 cells challenged by lipopolysaccharide. When the assay requires penetration inside cells, the SOD mimics Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-(2'-n-butoxyethyl)pyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+) and Mn(II) dichloro[(4aR,13aR,17aR,21aR)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,12,13,13a,14,15,16,17,17a,18,19,20,21,21a-eicosahydro-11,7-nitrilo-7Hdibenzo[b,h] [1,4, 7,10] tetraazacycloheptadecine-κN5,κN13,κN18,κN21,κN22] (Imisopasem manganese, M40403, CG4419) were found efficacious at 10 μM, while Mn(II) chloro N-(phenolato)-N,N'-bis[2-(N-methyl-imidazolyl)methyl]-ethane-1,2-diamine (Mn1) requires an incubation at 100 μM. This study thus demonstrates that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, M40403 and Mn1 were efficacious in suppressing inflammatory response in HT29-MD2 cells and such action appears to be related to their ability to enter the cells and modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
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Welcome MO, Mastorakis NE. The taste of neuroinflammation: Molecular mechanisms linking taste sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105557. [PMID: 33737243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates a critical role of neuroinflammatory response as an underlying pathophysiological process in several central nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger neuroinflammatory processes are not fully known. The discovery of bitter taste receptors in regions other than the oral cavity substantially increased research interests on their functional roles in extra-oral tissues. It is now widely accepted that bitter taste receptors, for instance, in the respiratory, intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts, are crucial not only for sensing poisonous substances, but also, act as immune sentinels, mobilizing defense mechanisms against pathogenic aggression. The relatively recent discovery of bitter taste receptors in the brain has intensified research investigation on the functional implication of cerebral bitter taste receptor expression. Very recent data suggest that responses of bitter taste receptors to neurotoxins and microbial molecules, under normal condition, are necessary to prevent neuroinflammatory reactions. Furthermore, emerging data have revealed that downregulation of key components of the taste receptor signaling cascade leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammasome signaling in neurons that ultimately culminate in neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that link taste receptor mediated surveillance of the extracellular milieu to neuroinflammatory responses are not completely understood. This review integrates new data on the molecular mechanisms that link bitter taste receptor sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. The role of bitter taste receptor-mediated sensing of toxigenic substances in brain disorders is also discussed. The therapeutic significance of targeting these receptors for potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Koudoufio M, Feldman F, Ahmarani L, Delvin E, Spahis S, Desjardins Y, Levy E. Intestinal protection by proanthocyanidins involves anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions in association with an improvement of insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose homeostasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3878. [PMID: 33594093 PMCID: PMC7886900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have added another dimension to the complexity of cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) by directly implicating the gastrointestinal tract as a key player. In fact, multiple factors could interfere with intestinal homeostasis and elicit extra-intestinal CMD. As oxidative stress (OxS), inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities are among the most disruptive events, the aim of the present study is to explore whether proanthocyanidins (PACs) exert protective effects against these disorders. To this end, fully differentiated intestinal Caco-2/15 cells were pre-incubated with PACs with and without the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory iron/ascorbate (Fe/Asc). PACs significantly reduce malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and raise antioxidant SOD2 and GPx via the increase of NRF2/Keap1 ratio. Likewise, PACs decrease the inflammatory agents TNFα and COX2 through abrogation of NF-κB. Moreover, according to crucial biomarkers, PACs result in lipid homeostasis improvement as reflected by enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, diminished lipogenesis, and lowered gluconeogenesis as a result of PPARα, γ and SREBP1c modulation. Since these metabolic routes are mainly regulated by insulin sensitivity, we have examined the insulin signaling pathway and found an upregulation of phosphoPI3K/Akt and downregulation of p38-MAPK expressions, indicating beneficial effects in response to PACs. Taken together, PACs display the potential to counterbalance OxS and inflammation in Fe/Asc-exposed intestinal cells, in association with an improvement of insulin sensitivity, which ameliorates lipid and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, 3175 Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada. .,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada. .,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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15
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Foisy Sauvé M, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide: A Bioactive Milk Derivative to Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome Outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:201-222. [PMID: 32338040 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, which accelerate the risk of developing diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation contribute to insulin resistance (IR) that greatly promotes the clinical manifestations of MetS components. Given the growing prevalence of this multifactorial condition, its alerting comorbidities, and the absence of specific drugs for treatment, there is an urgent need of prospecting for alternative nutraceutics as effective therapeutic agents for MetS. Recent Advances: There is a renewed interest in bioactive peptides derived from human and bovine milk proteins given their high potential in magnifying health benefits. Special attention has been paid to glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive and soluble derivative from casein and milk whey, because of the wide range of its health-promoting functions perceived in the MetS and related complications. Critical Issues: In the present review, the challenging issue relative to clinical utility of GMP in improving MetS outcomes will be critically reported. Its importance in alleviating obesity, OxS, inflammation, IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension will be underlined. The mechanisms of action will be analyzed, and the various gaps of knowledge in this area will be specified. Future Directions: Valuable data from cellular, preclinical, and clinical investigations have emphasized the preventive and therapeutic actions of GMP toward the MetS. However, additional efforts are needed to support its proofs of principle and causative relationship to translate its concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 201-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Kandeel S, Elkaliny HH. The Possible Protective Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar on Mercuric Chloride-Induced Changes on Rat Hepatocytes: Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructure Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2020; 8:126-131. [PMID: 33282688 PMCID: PMC7703014 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_63_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mercuric chloride is a toxic form of mercury capable for induction of oxidative liver damage. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a powerful antioxidant agent being used in salad dressings. Our study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of ACV against mercuric chloride-induced hepatic cell damage through an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Materials and Methods: Forty Wistar rats used divided into four groups (10 rats each); control; Group A (ACV): Rats received 2 ml/kg ACV; Group B (HgCl2): Rats received 1 mg/kg HgCl2, and Group C (ACV + HgCl2): Rats received 2 ml/kg ACV 30 min before giving 1 mg/kg HgCl2. Doses given orally by intragastric tube for 30 days. Results: Toluidine blue results of HgCl2 group revealed hepatocytes with irregular boundaries, eccentric deeply stained nuclei, and large cytoplasmic vacuoles. Electron microscopic results showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuolations, areas of cytoplasmic rarefaction, degenerated mitochondria, nuclear membrane irregularities, and dilated bile canaliculi with lost microvilli. Moreover, there was significantly increased expression of HSP60 and number of hepatocytes with proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei. ACV + HgCl2 group showed improvement of the previous changes. Conclusion: ACV could be promising for attenuation of liver cell damages induced by several toxins through its powerful antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Kandeel
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba H Elkaliny
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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17
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Plant Polyphenols-Biofortified Foods as a Novel Tool for the Prevention of Human Gut Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121225. [PMID: 33287404 PMCID: PMC7761854 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant food biofortification is recently receiving remarkable attention, as it aims to increase the intake of minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants, crucial for their contribution to the general human health status and disease prevention. In this context, the study of the plant’s secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, plays a pivotal role for the development of a new generation of plant crops, compensating, at least in part, the low nutritional quality of Western diets with a higher quality of dietary sources. Due to the prevalent immunomodulatory activity at the intestinal level, polyphenols represent a nutritionally relevant class of plant secondary metabolites. In this review, we focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of different classes of polyphenols with a specific attention to their potential in the prevention of intestinal pathological processes. We also discuss the latest biotechnology strategies and new advances of genomic techniques as a helpful tool for polyphenols biofortification and the development of novel, healthy dietary alternatives that can contribute to the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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18
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Liu F, Wang X, Li D, Cui Y, Li X. Apple polyphenols extract alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 male mice by restoring bile acid metabolism disorder and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1468-1485. [PMID: 33215776 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate and compare the preventive effects of apple polyphenols extract (APE) with phloretin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC), 60 male mice were treated with 125 or 500 mg/(kg bw d) APE or 100 mg/(kg bw d) phloretin, the single-ingredient of APE, for continuous 3 weeks by intragastric administration, meanwhile, mice were provided with 3% DSS dissolved in drinking water to induce UC during the third week. Both APE and phloretin significantly ameliorated DSS-induced UC by inhibiting body weight loss, preventing colon shortening and mucosa damage. Except the same mechanisms of the inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling, decreased hyodeoxycholic acid level and increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia at phylum and Bacteroides and Akkermansia at genus, APE increased β-muricholic acid level and decreased Bacterodetes abundance, while phloretin decreased Firmicutes abundance. Furthermore, APE treatment showed much lower disease activity index score, less body weight loss and lighter spleen than phloretin. Thus, our study supported the potentiality of APE as a promising dietary intervention for the prevention of experimental UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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19
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Malus domestica: A Review on Nutritional Features, Chemical Composition, Traditional and Medicinal Value. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111408. [PMID: 33105724 PMCID: PMC7690411 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit-derived bioactive substances have been spotlighted as a regulator against various diseases due to their fewer side effects compared to chemical drugs. Among the most frequently consumed fruits, apple is a rich source of nutritional molecules and contains high levels of bioactive compounds. The main structural classes of apple constituents include polyphenols, polysaccharides (pectin), phytosterols, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Also, vitamins and trace elements complete the nutritional features of apple fruit. There is now considerable scientific evidence that these bioactive substances present in apple and peel have the potential to improve human health, for example contributing to preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. This review will focus on the current knowledge of bioactive substances in apple and their medicinal value for human health.
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20
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Koudoufio M, Desjardins Y, Feldman F, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Insight into Polyphenol and Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Are Their Metabolites the Key to Understand Protective Effects against Metabolic Disorders? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E982. [PMID: 33066106 PMCID: PMC7601951 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors, especially diet and nutrition, are currently regarded as essential avenues to decrease modern-day cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Many groups around the world attribute these trends, at least partially, to bioactive plant polyphenols given their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In fact, polyphenols can prevent or reverse the progression of disease processes through many distinct mechanisms. In particular, the crosstalk between polyphenols and gut microbiota, recently unveiled thanks to DNA-based tools and next generation sequencing, unravelled the central regulatory role of dietary polyphenols and their intestinal micro-ecology metabolites on the host energy metabolism and related illnesses. The objectives of this review are to: (1) provide an understanding of classification, structure, and bioavailability of dietary polyphenols; (2) underline their metabolism by gut microbiota; (3) highlight their prebiotic effects on microflora; (4) discuss the multifaceted roles of their metabolites in CMD while shedding light on the mechanisms of action; and (5) underscore their ability to initiate host epigenetic regulation. In sum, the review clearly documents whether dietary polyphenols and micro-ecology favorably interact to promote multiple physiological functions on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (M.K.); (F.F.); (S.S.); (E.D.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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21
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Simonato B, Marangon M, Vincenzi S, Vegro M, Pasini G. Evaluation of the phenolic profile and immunoreactivity of Mal d 3 allergen in ancient apple cultivars from Italy. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4978-4986. [PMID: 32500544 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the second half of the 20th century, the cultivation of ancient and local apple cultivars has almost disappeared from orchards in Italy. Some of these ancient apple cultivars often possess high nutraceutical values and display lower allergenicity than the modern ones, supporting the so-called 'green revolution' theory. RESULTS In this study, the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of five ancient apple cultivars ('Belfiore', 'Pomella Genovese', 'Gravenstein', 'Bella del Bosco', and 'Piatlin') were compared with a 'Golden Delicious' commercial cultivar. Additionally, apples were tested for their potential allergenicity by detecting the presence of Mal d 3, a non-specific lipid transfer protein that represents the main apples' allergen. All apples came from northern Italy (Trentino Region) and were organically produced. Results showed that, for all cultivars, the skins contained more polyphenols than the pulps. 'Bella del Bosco' had the highest amount of polyphenols and antioxidant activity, whereas 'Piatlin' had the lowest phenolic content. All ancient cultivars presented a higher amount of pulp phenolic compounds than 'Golden Delicious'. Immunoblotting techniques showed that 'Bella del Bosco' and 'Piatlin' had very low quantities of Mal d 3 allergen; hence, they can be considered hypoallergenic cultivars. CONCLUSIONS The preservation of ancient apple cultivars would be of great importance, not only to maintain the biodiversity but also for their nutritional properties. The hypoallergenic activity of some of these cultivars could be of interest also for the preparation of different apple-based products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Simonato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Marangon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Mara Vegro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Denis MC, Dubé P, Dudonné S, Desjardins Y, Matei C, Delvin E, Levy E, Furtos A. Characterization of bioactive cranberry fractions by mass spectrometry. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that fruits contain functional bio-active compounds that have several preventive and therapeutic health benefits. Our group has recently conducted studies to assess the potential effects of cranberry polyphenolic fractions on intestinal Caco-2/15 epithelial cells and a substantial reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation was observed. The aim of the present work was to determine the polyphenolic species most likely responsible for the observed biological activity. Low, medium, and high molecular weight cranberry fractions were generated with a Sephadex LH-20 column by elution with 60% MeOH, 100% MeOH, and 70% acetone, respectively. The total phenolic content in these fractions was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. A combination of LC–MS and MALDI-TOF methods were used to characterize the nature of polyphenolic compounds in the cranberry extracts. High resolution mass spectrometry was used to generate empirical formulae for the detected species. The low molecular weight fraction was essentially constituted of small phenolic acids (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids). The medium fraction was mostly composed of anthocyanin, flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol), procyanidins monomers (epicatechin, catechin), dimers, and few small oligomers. The heavy fraction was devoid of phenolic acids and anthocyanins, and it contained for the most part oligomers and polymers of procyanidins. Proanthocyanidins oligomers up to n = 22 were detected, which is, to our knowledge, the largest individual polymers reported to date. With this approach, it was also possible to distinguish between the A-type and B-type linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Denis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pascal Dubé
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional foods (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional foods (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional foods (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Cristina Matei
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alexandra Furtos
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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23
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Pellow J, Nolte A, Temane A, Solomon EM. Health supplements for allergic rhinitis: A mixed-methods systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Modulatory Effect of Nicotinic Acid on the Metabolism of Caco-2 Cells Exposed to IL-1β and LPS. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050204. [PMID: 32429415 PMCID: PMC7281454 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are the most common gastrointestinal inflammatory pathologies. Previous work evidenced a lower content of nicotinic acid (NA) in feces of IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. In the present study, we aimed to understand the effects of NA on intestinal inflammation, as several studies reported its possible beneficial effect, and investigate its influence on inflammation-driven metabolism. NA was tested on a Caco-2 in-vitro model in which inflammation was induced with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), two mayor proinflammatory compounds produced in IBD, that stimulate the production of cytokines, such as interleukin 8. A metabolomics approach, with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), was applied to study the metabolic changes. The results showed that NA significantly reduced the level of IL-8 produced in both LPS and IL-1β stimulated cells, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of NA also on intestinal inflammation. Moreover, it was demonstrated that NA treatment had a restoring effect on several metabolites whose levels were modified by treatments with IL-1β or LPS. This study points out a possible use of NA as anti-inflammatory compound and might be considered as a promising starting point in understanding the beneficial effect of NA in IBD.
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25
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Wang F, Li J, Li L, Gao Y, Wang F, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Wu C. Protective effect of apple polyphenols on chronic ethanol exposure-induced neural injury in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109113. [PMID: 32360496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apple polyphenols (AP) have attracted much attention due to their various bioactivities. In this study, the protective effect of AP against chronic ethanol exposure-induced neural injury as well as the possible mechanisms were investigated. Body weight, daily average food intake and daily average fluid intake were measured and daily average ethanol consumption was calculated. The influences of AP on motor behavior and memory were detected by locomotor activity test, rotarod test, beam walking test, and Y maze test and novel object recognition test, respectively. The changes of blood ethanol concentration and the oxidative stress were also measured. AP improved chronic ethanol exposure-induced the inhibition of body weight and the decrease of daily average food intake, but did not influence the daily average fluid intake and the daily average ethanol intake, indicating that the improve effect of AP did not result from the decrease of ethanol intake. Motor activity and motor coordination were not influenced after chronic ethanol exposure though the blood ethanol concentration was higher than that in control group. AP improved significantly chronic ethanol-induced the memory impairment and the hippocampal CA1 neurons damage. Further studies found that AP decreased the contents of NO and MDA and increased the levels of T-AOC and GSH in the hippocampus of rats. These results suggest that AP exerts a protective effect against chronic ethanol-induced memory impairment through improving the oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Research and Technology Development Center for Plant Polyphenols, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lingxi Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Research and Technology Development Center for Plant Polyphenols, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanxia Fan
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Research and Technology Development Center for Plant Polyphenols, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Glycomacropeptide Prevents Iron/Ascorbate-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Insulin Sensitivity with an Impact on Lipoprotein Production in Intestinal Caco-2/15 Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041175. [PMID: 32331475 PMCID: PMC7231176 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a major worldwide concern for the public health system, refers to a cluster of key metabolic components, and represents a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. As oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation are the major triggers of insulin sensitivity (IS), a cardinal MetS feature, the principal aim of the present work is to determine whether glycomacropeptide (GMP), a milk-derived bioactive peptide, exerts beneficial effects on their expression. Methods. Fully differentiated intestinal Caco-2/15 cells are used to evaluate the preventive action of 2 mg/mL GMP against OxS and inflammation induced by the mixture iron-ascorbate (Fe/Asc) (200 μM:2 mM). The potency of GMP of decreasing the production of lipoproteins, including chylomicrons (CM), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is also assessed. Results. The administration of GMP significantly reduces malondialdehyde, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and raises superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase via the induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, a transcription factor, which orchestrates cellular antioxidant defenses. Similarly, GMP markedly lowers the inflammatory agents tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 via abrogation of the nuclear transcription factor-kB. Moreover, GMP-treated cells show a down-regulation of Fe/Asc-induced mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, suggesting greater IS. Finally, GMP decreases the production of CM, VLDL, and LDL. Conclusions. Our results highlight the effectiveness of GMP in attenuating OxS, inflammation and lipoprotein biogenesis, as well as improving IS, the key components of MetS. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanisms mediating the preventive action of GMP.
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Yousefi-Manesh H, Dehpour AR, Ansari-Nasab S, Hemmati S, Sadeghi MA, Shahraki RH, Shirooie S, Nabavi SM, Nkuimi Wandjou JG, Sut S, Caprioli G, Dall’Acqua S, Maggi F. Hepatoprotective Effects of Standardized Extracts from an Ancient Italian Apple Variety (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl 4)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:1816. [PMID: 32326503 PMCID: PMC7222006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to examine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the peel (APE) and pulp (APP) of a traditional apple cultivar from central Italy (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytoconstituents were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showing an abundance of proanthocyanidins and flavonol derivatives together with the presence of annurcoic acid in APE. Wistar rats received APE/APP (30 mg/kg oral administration) for three days before CCl4 injection (2 mL/kg intraperitoneal once on the third day). Treatment with both APE and APP prior to CCl4 injection significantly decreased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared to the CCl4 group. Besides, pretreatment with APE reversed the CCl4 effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels in liver tissue in rats and reduced tissue damage as shown in hematoxylin and eosin staining. These results showed that this ancient Italian apple is worthy of use in nutraceuticals and dietary supplements to prevent and/or protect against liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Sedighe Ansari-Nasab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
- Experimental medicine research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran; (H.Y.-M.); (A.R.D.); (S.A.-N.); (S.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Reza Hashemi Shahraki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran;
- Preclinical Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13145-784, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran;
| | | | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.G.N.W.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.G.N.W.); (G.C.)
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Abstract
Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds in plants and they are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet. Due to their considerable structural diversity, this largely influences their bioavailability. Since a large proportion of polyphenols remains unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, they may accumulate in the large intestine, where most of them are extensively metabolized by the intestinal microbiota. The formation of bioactive polyphenol-derived metabolites may also benefit the health status of the subjects, although the mechanisms have not been delineated. This review aims to highlight the impact of polyphenols on gut health and the modes of action could be through modulation of intestinal barrier function, innate and adaptive immune response, signaling pathways, as well as the ability to modify gut microbiota composition. The review will conclude by presenting future perspective and challenges of polyphenols application in food products to be used for preventing or treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murphy L Y Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Vanessa Anna Co
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Yang P, Li Z, Wu C, Luo Y, Li J, Wang P, Gao X, Gao J, Feng B. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Molecular Mechanism of Pericarp Elongation and Differences in Sucrose and Starch Accumulation between Vegetable and Grain Pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6135. [PMID: 31817460 PMCID: PMC6941006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.), as a major source of plant protein, is becoming one of the major cultivated crop species worldwide. In pea, the pericarp is an important determinant of the morphological characteristics and seed yield. To investigate the molecular mechanism of pericarp elongation as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in the pods of different pea cultivars, we performed transcriptomic analysis of the pericarp of two types of pea cultivar (vegetable pea and grain pea) using RNA-seq. A total of 239.44 Gb of clean sequence data were generated, and were aligned to the reference genome of Pisum sativum L. In the two samples, 1935 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Among these DEGs, three antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to have higher expression levels in the grain pea pericarps at the pod-elongating stages. Otherwise, five peroxidase (POD)-encoding genes were detected to have lower expression levels in the vegetative pericarps at the development stage of pea pod growth. Furthermore, genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism in the pea pod, such as SUS, INV, FBA, TPI, ADPase, SBE, SSS, and GBSS, were found to be differentially expressed. The RNA-seq data were validated through real-time quantitative RT-PCR of 13 randomly selected genes. Our findings provide the gene expression profile of, as well as differential expression information on, the two pea cultivars, which will lay the foundation for further studies on pod development and nutrition accumulation in the pea and provide valuable information for pea cultivar improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Caoyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (P.W.); (X.G.); (J.G.)
- Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
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Effects of dietary supplementation with apple peel powder on the growth, blood and liver parameters, and transcriptome of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224995. [PMID: 31714944 PMCID: PMC6850550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density aquaculture and nutritional imbalances may promote fatty liver in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), thus reducing the gains achieved by breeding. In this study, apple peel powder (APP) was used as a feed additive for GIFT. A control group (fed on a diet without APP) and five groups fed on diets supplemented with APP (at 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8% of the diet, by weight) were established to investigate the effects of APP on GIFT growth performance and physiological parameters, and on gene expression as determined by transcriptomic analysis. Dietary supplementation with APP at 0.2% promoted GIFT growth, reduced total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the serum and liver, and decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum. Gene expression profiles in the liver were compared among the control, 0.2% APP, and 0.8% APP groups, and differentially expressed genes among these groups were identified. Annotation analyses using tools at the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the regulation of immunity and fat metabolism. The results showed that excessive supplementation with APP in the diet significantly inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, and stimulated the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2, heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1, and nuclear factor kappa B. This resulted in disordered lipid metabolism and increased pro-inflammatory reactions, which in turn caused liver damage. Therefore, APP has good potential as an environmentally friendly feed additive for GIFT at levels of 0.1%–0.2% in the diet, but excessive amounts can have adverse effects.
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Giaretta AG, Schulz M, Silveira TT, de Oliveira MV, Patrício MJ, Gonzaga LV, Fett R, da Silva EL, Wazlawik E. Apple intake improves antioxidant parameters in hemodialysis patients without affecting serum potassium levels. Nutr Res 2018; 64:56-63. [PMID: 30802723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the consumption of fruits seems to improve OS due to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that Fuji apple intake improves OS markers in HD patients due to its polyphenolic compounds without increasing serum potassium levels. This trial was a 1-group, pre- and posttest comparison between 16 patients who had been on hemodialysis for at least 3 months without any acute illness or hyperkalemia. Each volunteer consumed 2 Fuji apples (~360 g) per day for 1 week. Blood samples were collected at the baseline period and after 8 days for the measurement of total antioxidant status, ascorbic acid, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, potassium, phosphorus, uric acid, glucose, and fructosamine. For tolerance evaluation, participants were asked about their bowel habits. Apple intake increased glutathione peroxidase (P = .006) and superoxide dismutase activities (P = .006) and ascorbic acid levels (P = .002). No significant changes were observed in uric acid, potassium, phosphorus, glucose, and fructosamine levels. Additionally, there was a decrease in the catalase activity (P = .021) and in the total antioxidant status values (P = .004). However, increased total oxidant status (P = .003) and oxidative stress index (P = .033) levels were observed after apple intake. In conclusion, the intake of 2 Fuji apples per day for 1 week was well tolerated and improved antioxidant parameters in HD patients without affecting serum potassium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia G Giaretta
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Schulz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Taís T Silveira
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Marina V de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciano V Gonzaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Roseane Fett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Edson L da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Wazlawik
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Hmad Halima B, Sarra K, Jemaa Houda B, Sonia G, Abdallah A. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2018; 88:223-233. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a globally growing health problem and one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia status favors the manifestation of oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and/or by reducing the antioxidant defense system activity. In this study, the beneficial effects of apple cider vinegar (ACV) supplementation on blood glucose level, hepatic and renal toxicity and antioxidant enzyme activities in normal and diabetic rats were investigated. Four groups (8 animals/group) of male Wistar rats were used. The animals were fasted overnight and DM was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ). Control rats were injected with citrate buffer only. ACV was administrated orally for 4 weeks. Our findings indicated that ACV increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (p < 0.001), catalase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as thiol concentration (p < 0.05). It also reduced lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) and the indices of toxicity in liver and kidneys, by significantly decreasing aspartate and lactate transaminase (AST & ALT) activity, total and direct bilirubin (p < 0.001), urea (p < 0.001) and creatinine (p < 0.001) levels. Moreover, the plasma concentration of magnesium, calcium (p < 0.001) and copper increased after ACV administration. Iron levels however decreased. The concentration of vitamin E, an important antioxidant in vivo, was raised. In conclusion, the findings show that ACV possesses significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects in an experimental model of DM, by preventing diabetic complications in liver and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hmad Halima
- Research Unit on nutrition, regulation of metabolic systems and atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khlifi Sarra
- Research Unit on nutrition, regulation of metabolic systems and atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Jemaa Houda
- Research Unit on nutrition, regulation of metabolic systems and atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gara Sonia
- Laboratory of clinical biochemistry, Institute of Salah Azaiz, Bab Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aouidet Abdallah
- Research Unit on nutrition, regulation of metabolic systems and atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Vian I, Zielinsky P, Zílio AM, Schaun MI, Brum C, Lampert KV, De Ávila N, Baldissera G, Klanovicz TM, Zenki K, Zurita-Peralta J, Olszewski A, Piccoli A, Nicoloso LH, Sulis N, Van Der Sand L, Markoski M. Increase of prostaglandin E2 in the reversal of fetal ductal constriction after polyphenol restriction. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2018; 52:617-622. [PMID: 29205592 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-inflammatory substances that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and polyphenol-rich foods, can cause constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that reversal of fetal ductal constriction after maternal restriction of polyphenol-rich foods, in the third trimester of pregnancy, is accompanied by increased plasma levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). METHODS This was a controlled clinical trial of women with singleton pregnancy ≥ 28 weeks undergoing fetal echocardiography. The intervention group included pregnancies with diagnosis of fetal ductal constriction and not exposed to NSAIDs. The control group consisted of third-trimester normal pregnancies. Both groups answered a food frequency questionnaire to assess the amount of total polyphenols in their diet, underwent Doppler echocardiographic examination and had blood samples collected for analysis of plasma levels of PGE2. Intervention group participants received dietary guidance to restrict the intake of polyphenol-rich foods. The assessments were repeated after 2 weeks in both groups. RESULTS Forty normal pregnancies were assessed in the control group and 35 with fetal ductal constriction in the intervention group. Mean maternal age (26.6 years) and mean body mass index (30.12 kg/m2 ) were similar between the two groups. Intragroup analysis showed that dietary guidance reduced the median consumption of polyphenols (from 1234.82 to 21.03 mg/day, P < 0.001), increasing significantly the plasma concentration of PGE2 (from 1091.80 to 1136.98 pg/mL, P < 0.05) in the intervention group after 2 weeks. In addition, Doppler echocardiography showed reversal of fetal ductal constriction in the intervention group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intervention for maternal restriction of polyphenol-rich foods in the third trimester of pregnancy is accompanied by increase in plasma levels of PGE2 and reversal of fetal ductal constriction. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vian
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P Zielinsky
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A M Zílio
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M I Schaun
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C Brum
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K V Lampert
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - N De Ávila
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G Baldissera
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T M Klanovicz
- Federal University of Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K Zenki
- Federal University of Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Zurita-Peralta
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Olszewski
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Piccoli
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L H Nicoloso
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - N Sulis
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L Van Der Sand
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Markoski
- Federal University of Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hua C, Zhao J, Wang H, Chen F, Meng H, Chen L, Zhang Q, Yan J, Yuan L. Apple polyphenol relieves hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via pulmonary endothelium protection and smooth muscle relaxation: In vivo and in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:937-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Beneficial effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on weight management, Visceral Adiposity Index and lipid profile in overweight or obese subjects receiving restricted calorie diet: A randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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36
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Yeganeh PR, Leahy J, Spahis S, Patey N, Desjardins Y, Roy D, Delvin E, Garofalo C, Leduc-Gaudet JP, St-Pierre D, Beaulieu JF, Marette A, Gouspillou G, Levy E. Apple peel polyphenols reduce mitochondrial dysfunction in mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:56-66. [PMID: 29674247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are multifaceted and relapsing immune disorders, which necessitate long-term dependence on powerful drugs. As the use of natural product-based therapies has emerged as a promising intervention, the present study aimed to further characterize dried apple peel powder (DAPP) mechanisms of action and evaluate the preventive and curative effects of DAPP on mitochondrial functions in a murine model. Induction of intestinal inflammation in mice is performed by oral administration of the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) at 2.5% for 10 days. Doses of DAPP (200 or 400 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 10 days pre- and 1 day after colitis induction simultaneously with DSS treatment for a period of 10 days. The preventive (200 mg/kg/day) and therapeutic (400 mg/kg/day) doses of DAPP limited DSS-induced histological lesions, improved macroscopic parameters and attenuated clinical signs. DAPP at the same conditions reduced massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and concomitantly displayed a robust potential of counteracting inflammation and oxidative stress in DSS mice. Moreover, DAPP partially restored mitochondrial abnormalities related to size, density, redox homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation, ATP synthesis, apoptosis and regulatory mitochondrial transcription factors. Our findings demonstrate the preventive and therapeutic impact of DAPP on experimental colitis while underlying the role of mitochondria. They also suggest that this natural DAPP product may represent an interesting candidate for further studies on the prevention/treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantea Rahmani Yeganeh
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Jade Leahy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Natalie Patey
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Carole Garofalo
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | | | - David St-Pierre
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Département des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1Y4
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6; Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada, G1V 4G5
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1Y4
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1V 0A6; Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
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Yagnik D, Serafin V, J Shah A. Antimicrobial activity of apple cider vinegar against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; downregulating cytokine and microbial protein expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1732. [PMID: 29379012 PMCID: PMC5788933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global escalation in antibiotic resistance cases means alternative antimicrobials are essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial capacity of apple cider vinegar (ACV) against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. The minimum dilution of ACV required for growth inhibition varied for each microbial species. For C. albicans, a 1/2 ACV had the strongest effect, S. aureus, a 1/25 dilution ACV was required, whereas for E-coli cultures, a 1/50 ACV dilution was required (p < 0.05). Monocyte co-culture with microbes alongside ACV resulted in dose dependent downregulation of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6). Results are expressed as percentage decreases in cytokine secretion comparing ACV treated with non-ACV treated monocytes cultured with E-coli (TNFα, 99.2%; IL-6, 98%), S. aureus (TNFα, 90%; IL-6, 83%) and C. albicans (TNFα, 83.3%; IL-6, 90.1%) respectively. Proteomic analyses of microbes demonstrated that ACV impaired cell integrity, organelles and protein expression. ACV treatment resulted in an absence in expression of DNA starvation protein, citrate synthase, isocitrate and malate dehydrogenases in E-coli; chaperone protein DNak and ftsz in S. aureus and pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate were among the enzymes absent in C.albican cultures. The results demonstrate ACV has multiple antimicrobial potential with clinical therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshna Yagnik
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Vlad Serafin
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit J Shah
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, England, United Kingdom
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Lončarić A, Kopjar M, Piližota V. Improving the quality of apple purée. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3201-3207. [PMID: 28974805 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of addition of 5% of apple peel powder (APP) and sugars (1, 5% of glucose, fructose, sucrose or trehalose) in apple purée on its phenolic composition and antioxidant activity (AOA). Apple purée samples were processed by freezing and freeze-drying. Apple purées containing APP showed higher phenolics, and AOA than the purées without APP. In freeze-dried samples the highest retention of individual polyphenols was achieved with addition of 1% of fructose or trehalose. However, in frozen samples the best impact on polyphenol retention had 5% of sucrose or trehalose. The results from this study showed the antioxidant potential of apple peel as a naturally-sourced antioxidants as well as a new insight into phenol-sugar interaction. These new findings could be of interest for the development of new food products rich in antioxidants which can improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Lončarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Kopjar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Piližota
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Xiang Y, Lai F, He G, Li Y, Yang L, Shen W, Huo H, Zhu J, Dai H, Zhang Y. Alleviation of Rosup-induced oxidative stress in porcine granulosa cells by anthocyanins from red-fleshed apples. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184033. [PMID: 28850606 PMCID: PMC5574572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the polyphenolic phytochemicals which have been shown to scavenge free radicals. In this study, we investigated the effects of anthocyanins extracted from red-fleshed apples (Malus sieversii) on reducing oxidative damage by Rosup in porcine granulosa cells (GCs) by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), content of glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) and the gene expression of SOD1, CAT, GPX1. Apoptosis was determined with TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and apoptosis-related proteins were quantified with Western blotting. The results indicate that Rosup increases oxidative stress by inducing reactive oxygen species production in porcine GCs and the oxidative stress could be reduced by anthocyanins. The gene expression of SOD1, CAT, GPX1 and the activities of these enzymes were increased when GCs were treated with anthocyanins and Rosup for 6 hours. Anthocyanins inhibit Rosup-induced apoptosis by increasing expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and suppressing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Collectively, anthocyanins from red-fleshed apples reduce oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis in porcine GCs in vitro. This approach indicates that antioxidants might be developed from red-fleshed apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangnong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guifang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyi Dai
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Synowiec-Wojtarowicz A, Kimsa-Dudek M, Pawłowska-Góral K, Kurzeja E, Glinka M, Gawron S. Influence of static magnetic fields up to 700 mT and dihydrochalcones on the antioxidant response in fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:385-390. [PMID: 27973994 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1262604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) and the dihydrochalcones phloretin and phloridzin on the redox homeostasis of fibroblasts were investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the redox homeostasis of fibroblasts that were simultaneously exposed to a static magnetic field and the dihydrochalcones phloretin and phloridzin. The fibroblasts were cultured for 72 h in special magnetic test chambers at different moderate intensities (0.4, 0.55 and 0.7 T). In this report, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST); the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total antioxidant status were measured using commercially available kits. We did not observe any impairment in the redox balance in cells in fibroblasts that were only exposed to static magnetic fields of different intensities or In fibroblast cultured with dihydrochalcones and exposed to static magnetic field increase the SOD, GPx, GST activities and MDA concentration. Our investigations revealed that the activities of SOD, GPx, GST and the concentration of MDA that were determined for the fibroblasts that were cultured with dihydrochalcones were higher in the presence of a static magnetic field. Our results indicated that exposure to SMF (0.7 T) with dihydrochalcones induces oxidative stress in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Synowiec-Wojtarowicz
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Magdalena Kimsa-Dudek
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawłowska-Góral
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Ewa Kurzeja
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Marek Glinka
- b Institute of Electrical Drives and Machines KOMEL , Katowice , Poland
| | - Stanisław Gawron
- b Institute of Electrical Drives and Machines KOMEL , Katowice , Poland
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Mathieu E, Bernard AS, Delsuc N, Quévrain E, Gazzah G, Lai B, Chain F, Langella P, Bachelet M, Masliah J, Seksik P, Policar C. A Cell-Penetrant Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) Mimic Is Able To Complement MnSOD and Exerts an Antiinflammatory Effect on Cellular and Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2545-2555. [PMID: 28198622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic complexes are increasingly used for biological and medicinal applications, and the question of the cell penetration and distribution of metallodrugs is key to understanding their biological activity. Oxidative stress is known to be involved in inflammation and in inflammatory bowel diseases for which antioxidative defenses are weakened. We report here the study of the manganese complex Mn1 mimicking superoxide dismutase (SOD), a protein involved in cell protection against oxidative stress, using an approach in inorganic cellular chemistry combining the investigation of Mn1 intracellular speciation using mass spectrometry and of its quantification and distribution using electron paramagnetic resonance and spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence with evaluation of its biological activity. More precisely, we have looked for and found the MS signature of Mn1 in cell lysates and quantified the overall manganese content. Intestinal epithelial cells activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide were taken as a cellular model of oxidative stress and inflammation. DNBS-induced colitis in mice was used to investigate Mn1 activity in vivo. Mn1 exerts an intracellular antiinflammatory activity, remains at least partially coordinated, with diffuse distribution over the whole cell, and functionally complements mitochondrial MnSOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mathieu
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bernard
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Quévrain
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Gazzah
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Florian Chain
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria Bachelet
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 - Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University - CNRS, INSERM, APHP, INRA, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.,Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joelle Masliah
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 - Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University - CNRS, INSERM, APHP, INRA, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 - Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University - CNRS, INSERM, APHP, INRA, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.,Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolecules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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Mayeur S, Veilleux A, Pouliot Y, Lamarche B, Beaulieu JF, Hould FS, Richard D, Tchernof A, Levy E. Plasma Lactoferrin Levels Positively Correlate with Insulin Resistance despite an Inverse Association with Total Adiposity in Lean and Severely Obese Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166138. [PMID: 27902700 PMCID: PMC5130198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Lactoferrin (Lf) is an important protein found on mucosal surfaces, within neutrophils and various cells, and in biological fluids. It displays multiple functions, including iron-binding as well as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Although Lf ingestion has been suggested to cause adiposity reduction in murine models and humans, its relationship with insulin resistance (IR) has not been studied thoroughly. Objective To establish the association between circulating Lf levels, glucose status and blood lipid/lipoprotein profile. Methods Two independent cohorts were examined: lean to moderately obese women admitted for gynecological surgery (n = 53) and severely obese subjects undergoing biliopancreatic diversion (n = 62). Results Although body mass index (BMI) and total body fat mass were negatively associated with Lf, IR (assessed by the HOMA-IR index) was positively and independently associated with plasma Lf concentrations of the first cohort of lean to moderately obese women. These observations were validated in the second cohort in view of the positive correlation between plasma Lf concentrations and the HOMA-IR index, but without a significant association with the body mass index (BMI) of severely obese subjects. In subsamples of severely obese subjects matched for sex, age and BMI, but with either relatively low (1.89 ± 0.73) or high (13.77 ± 8.81) IR states (according to HOMA-IR), higher plasma Lf levels were noted in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive subjects (P<0.05). Finally, Lf levels were significantly higher in lean to moderately obese women than in severely obese subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion Our findings revealed that plasma Lf levels are strongly associated with IR independently of total adiposity, which suggests an intriguing Lf regulation mechanism in conditions of obesity and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Mayeur
- Research Centre CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Research Centre CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Pouliot
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric S. Hould
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Apple peel polyphenols: a key player in the prevention and treatment of experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2217-2237. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation via several mechanisms. These beneficial effects may be due to their high polyphenol content. The aims of the present study are to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic aspects of polyphenols in dried apple peel powder (DAPP) on intestinal inflammation while elucidating the underlying mechanisms and clinical benefits. Induction of intestinal inflammation in mice was performed by oral administration of the inflammatory agent dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) at 2.5% for 10 days. Physiological and supraphysiological doses of DAPP (200 and 400 mg/kg/day respectively) were administered by gavage for 10 days pre- and post-DSS treatment. DSS-mediated inflammation caused weight loss, shortening of the colon, dystrophic detachment of the epithelium, and infiltration of mono- and poly-morphonuclear cells in the colon. DSS induced an increase in lipid peroxidation, a down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes, an augmented expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an elevated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and a shift in mucosa-associated microbial composition. However, DAPP normalized most of these abnormalities in preventive or therapeutic situations in addition to lowering inflammatory cytokines while stimulating antioxidant transcription factors and modulating other potential healing pathways. The supraphysiological dose of DAPP in therapeutic situations also improved mitochondrial dysfunction. Relative abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria was slightly decreased in DAPP-treated mice. In conclusion, DAPP exhibits powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in the intestine and is associated with the regulation of cellular signalling pathways and changes in microbiota composition. Evaluation of preventive and therapeutic effects of DAPP may be clinically feasible in individuals with intestinal inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Hepatoprotective effect of apple polyphenols against concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Del Bo' C, Roursgaard M, Porrini M, Loft S, Møller P, Riso P. Different effects of anthocyanins and phenolic acids from wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) on monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells in a TNF-α stimulated proinflammatory environment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2355-2366. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food; Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
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Citrus flavanones naringenin and hesperetin improve antioxidant status and membrane lipid compositions in the liver of old-aged Wistar rats. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:49-60. [PMID: 27587005 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of citrus flavanones naringenin (NAR) and hesperetin (HES) on liver antioxidant status and membrane phospholipid composition in 24-month-old rats. NAR and HES (15mg/kg) were administrated orally to male Wistar rats, once per day, for 4weeks. Control group received either vehicle (sunflower oil) or remained intact. The results showed decreased (p<0.05) activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), specifically catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and glutathione reductase (GR) in the liver of intact control old-aged rats in comparison to young intact controls. Flavanone administration to old-aged males increased (p<0.05) examined AOE activities in comparison to vehicle-administered animals. Namely, NAR was more potent in comparison to HES regarding the increase (p<0.05) in activities of examined antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1 and 2, glutathione peroxidase-GPx and GR) and the liver glutathione (GSH), while HES elevated (p<0.05) only activity of CAT and GR. Both flavanones significantly decreased (p<0.05) TBARS and improved (p<0.05) membrane phospholipid composition in favor of n-3 PUFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Both flavanones did not affect liver histology and reduced (p<0.05) alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum. The results of this study indicate beneficial potential of citrus flavanones in the old-aged rat liver.
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Ferruzza S, Natella F, Ranaldi G, Murgia C, Rossi C, Trošt K, Mattivi F, Nardini M, Maldini M, Giusti AM, Moneta E, Scaccini C, Sambuy Y, Morelli G, Baima S. Nutraceutical Improvement Increases the Protective Activity of Broccoli Sprout Juice in a Human Intestinal Cell Model of Gut Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E48. [PMID: 27529258 PMCID: PMC5039501 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits to health from a high consumption of fruits and vegetables are well established and have been attributed to bioactive secondary metabolites present in edible plants. However, the effects of specific health-related phytochemicals within a complex food matrix are difficult to assess. In an attempt to address this problem, we have used elicitation to improve the nutraceutical content of seedlings of Brassica oleracea grown under controlled conditions. Analysis, by LC-MS, of the glucosinolate, isothiocyanate and phenolic compound content of juices obtained from sprouts indicated that elicitation induces an enrichment of several phenolics, particularly of the anthocyanin fraction. To test the biological activity of basal and enriched juices we took advantage of a recently developed in vitro model of inflamed human intestinal epithelium. Both sprouts' juices protected intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor α under marginal zinc deprivation, with the enriched juice showing higher protection. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the extent of rescue from stress-induced epithelial dysfunction correlated with the composition in bioactive molecules of the juices and, in particular, with a group of phenolic compounds, including several anthocyanins, quercetin-3-Glc, cryptochlorogenic, neochlorogenic and cinnamic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Ferruzza
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Murgia
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Rossi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Kajetan Trošt
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Mirella Nardini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Maldini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Moneta
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Yula Sambuy
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Baima
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
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Jiang F, Chen XP, Hu WS, Zheng SQ. Identification of differentially expressed genes implicated in peel color (red and green) of Dimocarpus confinis. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1088. [PMID: 27468388 PMCID: PMC4947078 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there are few reports about regulatory genes implicated in peel color of longan. The basic genetic research of longan has been in stagnation for a long time as a lack of transcriptomic and genetic information. To predict candidate genes associated with peel color, Gene Functional Annotation and Coding Sequence prediction were used to perform functional annotation for our assembled unigenes and investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of fruitlet peels from Longli (Dimocarpus confinis). Finally, a total of 24,044 (44.19 %) unigenes were annotated at least in one database after BLAST search to NCBI non-redundant protein sequence, NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequences, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Ortholog, manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database (Swiss-Prot), Protein family, Gene Ontology, euKaryotic Ortholog Groups databases. After searching against the KEGG-GENE protein database, a result of 6228 (11.45 %) unigenes were assigned to 245 KEGG pathways. Via comparing the distributions of expression value of all corresponding unigenes from red peel and green peel fruit, it could be intuitively concluded that high similarity was existed in the two distributions; however, on the whole, between two distributions of log RPKM expression value, some differences indicated that expression level in green-peel fruit group is slightly higher than values in red-peel fruit group. Finally, a total of 1349 unigenes were identified as DEGs after blasting the DEGs to public sequence databases, and 32 peel-color-related genes were identified in longan. Our results suggest that a number of unigenes involved in longan metabolic process, including anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, DRF, F3H, ANS, CYP75A1 and C1 may be the key ones. The study on key genes related to peel color will be contributed to revealing the molecular mechanisms of regulating peel color in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- />Fujian Fruit Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan and Loquat, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
- />Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
| | - Xiu-ping Chen
- />Fujian Fruit Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan and Loquat, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
- />Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
| | - Wen-shun Hu
- />Fujian Fruit Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan and Loquat, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
- />Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
| | - Shao-quan Zheng
- />Fujian Fruit Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center for Longan and Loquat, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
- />Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, 350013 Fujian China
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