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Yashmi F, Fakhri S, Shiri Varnamkhasti B, Amin MN, Khirehgesh MR, Mohammadi-Noori E, Hosseini M, Khan H. Defining the mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective properties of curcumin. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2331-2351. [PMID: 38837048 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
As a critical cause of human dysfunctionality, hepatic failure leads to approximately two million deaths per year and is on the rise. Considering multiple inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic mechanisms behind hepatotoxicity, it urges the need for finding novel multi-targeting agents. Curcumin is a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles. Curcumin possesses auspicious health benefits and protects against several diseases with exceptional safety and tolerability. This review focused on the hepatoprotective mechanisms of curcumin. The need to develop novel delivery systems of curcumin (e.g., nanoparticles, self-micro emulsifying, lipid-based colloids, solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrin inclusion, phospholipid complexes, and nanoemulsions) is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinam Yashmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Behrang Shiri Varnamkhasti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammed Namiq Amin
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khirehgesh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi-Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hosseini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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2
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Nguyen NN, Lin CY, Tsai WL, Huang HY, Chen CM, Tung YT, Chen YC. Natural sweetener glycyrrhizin protects against precocious puberty by modulating the gut microbiome. Life Sci 2024; 350:122789. [PMID: 38848942 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Precocious puberty (PP) may lead to many adverse outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that PP is a gut-brain disease. On the other hand, the use of glycyrrhizin, a natural sweetener, has become popular in the past decade. Glycyrrhizin possesses various health benefits, but its impact on PP has yet to be investigated. We aimed to explore the protective effects of glycyrrhizin against PP in both humans (observational) and animals (interventional). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the human cohort, we investigated the association between glycyrrhizin consumption and risk of PP. In the animal experiment, we observed puberty onset after feeding danazol-induced PP rats with glycyrrizin. Blood, fecal, and hypothalamic samples were harvested to evaluate potential mechanistic pathways. We also performed a fecal microbiota transplantation to confirm to causal relationship between glycyrrhizin and PP risk. KEY FINDINGS Glycyrrhizin exhibited a protective effect against PP in children (OR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.39-0.89, p = 0.013), primarily driven by its significance in girls, while no significant effect was observed in boys. This effect was consistent with findings in rodents. These benefits were achieved through the modulation of the gut microbiome, which functionally suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and prevented PP progression. A fecal microbiota transplantation indicated that the causal correlation between glycyrrhizin intake and PP is mediated by the gut microbiome alterations. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that glycyrrhizin can protect against PP by altering the gut microbiome. Long term use of glycyrrhizin is safe and tolerable. Therefore, glycyrrhizin can serve as a safe and affordable complementary therapy for PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nhat Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care, College of LOHAS, Taipei University of Marine Technology, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Kononova PA, Selyutina OY, Fomenko VV, Salakhutdinov NF, Polyakov NE. The mutual lipid-mediated effect of the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein and glycyrrhizin nicotinate derivatives on the localization in the lipid bilayer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110080. [PMID: 38960345 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) is one of the active substances in licorice root. It exhibits antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, for example, SARS-CoV-2. GA derivatives are promising biologically active compounds from perspective of developing broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Given that GA nicotinate derivatives (Glycyvir) demonstrate activity against various DNA- and RNA-viruses, a search for a possible mechanism of action of these compounds is required. In the present paper, the interaction of Glycyvir with the transmembrane domain of the SARS-CoV-2 E-protein (ETM) in a model lipid membrane was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. The lipid-mediated influence on localization of the SARS-CoV-2 E-protein by Glycyvir was observed. The presence of Glycyvir leads to deeper immersion of the ETM in lipid bilayer. Taking into account that E-protein plays a significant role in virus production and takes part in virion assembly and budding, the data on the effect of potential antiviral agents on ETM localization and structure in the lipid environment may provide a basis for further studies of potential coronavirus E-protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Kononova
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Selyutina
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 18 Kutateladze St., 630128, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Vladislav V Fomenko
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 18 Kutateladze St., 630128, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Nawaz A, Manzoor A, Ahmed S, Ahmed N, Abbas W, Mir MA, Bilal M, Sheikh A, Ahmad S, Jeelani I, Nakagawa T. Therapeutic approaches for chronic hepatitis C: a concise review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1334160. [PMID: 38283838 PMCID: PMC10811011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1334160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health concern, prompting the need for effective treatment strategies. This in-depth review critically assesses the landscape of HCV treatment, drawing parallels between traditional interferon/ribavirin therapy historically pivotal in HCV management and herbal approaches rooted in traditional and complementary medicine. Advancements in therapeutic development and enhanced clinical outcomes axis on a comprehensive understanding of the diverse HCV genome, its natural variations, pathogenesis, and the impact of dietary, social, environmental, and economic factors. A thorough analysis was conducted through reputable sources such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, books, and dissertations. This review primarily focuses on the intricate nature of HCV genomes and explores the potential of botanical drugs in both preventing and treating HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Azhar Manzoor
- Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, and Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan
| | - Waseem Abbas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Mir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Alisha Sheikh
- Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Saleem Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ishtiaq Jeelani
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Deng L, Solichin MR, Adyaksa DNM, Septianastiti MA, Fitri RA, Suwardan GNR, Matsui C, Abe T, Shoji I. Cellular Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles via Endosomal Pathways. Viruses 2023; 15:2430. [PMID: 38140670 PMCID: PMC10747773 DOI: 10.3390/v15122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The release of infectious HCV particles from infected hepatocytes is a crucial step in viral dissemination and disease progression. While the exact mechanisms of HCV particle release remain poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that HCV utilizes intracellular membrane trafficking and secretory pathways. These pathways include the Golgi secretory pathway and the endosomal trafficking pathways, such as the recycling endosome pathway and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway. This review provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the release of infectious HCV particles, with a particular focus on the involvement of the host cell factors that participate in HCV particle release. By summarizing the current knowledge in this area, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of endosomal pathways involved in the extracellular release of HCV particles and the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Muchamad Ridotu Solichin
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Nyoman Murti Adyaksa
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maria Alethea Septianastiti
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rhamadianti Aulia Fitri
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardan
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali 80361, Indonesia
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (L.D.); (D.N.M.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.A.)
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Bravo V, Serrano M, Duque A, Ferragud J, Coronado PJ. Glycyrrhizinic Acid as an Antiviral and Anticancer Agent in the Treatment of Human Papillomavirus. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 38138866 PMCID: PMC10744776 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), like any other virus, needs to penetrate the host cell and make use of its machinery to replicate. From there, HPV infection can be asymptomatic or lead to benign and premalignant lesions or even different types of cancer. HPV oncogenesis is due to the ability of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 to alter the control mechanisms for the growth and proliferation of host cell. Therefore, the use of agents with the ability to control these processes is essential in the search for effective treatments against HPV infections. Glycyrrhizinic acid (Gly), the active ingredient in liquorice, has been shown in numerous preclinical studies to have an antiviral and anticancer activity, reducing the expression of E6 and E7 and inducing apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. In addition, it also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory or re-epithelializing properties that can be useful in HPV infections. This review includes the different antiviral and anticancer mechanisms described for Gly, as well as the clinical studies carried out that position it as a potential therapeutic strategy against HPV both through its topical application and by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bravo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital la Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Duque
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital Ruber Internacional, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ferragud
- Medical Department, Atika Pharma, 35002 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pluvio J. Coronado
- Women’s Health Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, dISSC, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mandal A, Hazra B. Medicinal plant molecules against hepatitis C virus: Current status and future prospect. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4353-4374. [PMID: 37439007 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a global malady, causes acute and chronic hepatitis leading to permanent liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Modern anti-HCV therapies are efficient, but mostly inaccessible for residents of underdeveloped regions. To innovate more effective treatments at affordable cost, medicinal plant-based products need to be explored. The aim of this article is to review plant constituents in the light of putative anti-HCV mechanisms of action, and discuss existing problems, challenges, and future directions for their potential application in therapeutic settings. One hundred sixty literatures were collected by using appropriate search strings via scientific search engines: Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Bibliography was prepared using Mendeley desktop software. We found a substantial number of plants that were reported to inhibit different stages of HCV life cycle. Traditional medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn., Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., and Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile exhibited strong anti-HCV activities. Again, several phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honokilol, punicalagin, and quercetin have shown broad-spectrum anti-HCV effect. We have presented promising phytochemicals like silymarin, curcumin, glycyrrhizin, and camptothecin for nanoparticle-based hepatocyte-targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, only a few animal studies have been performed to validate the anti-HCV effect of these plant products. Again, insufficient clinical evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of herbal medications remain a problem. Selected plants products could be developed as novel therapeutics for HCV patients only after scrupulous evaluation of their safety and efficacy in a clinical set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Birati, Kolkata, India
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Azam MS, Islam MN, Wahiduzzaman M, Alam M, Dhrubo AAK. Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4444-4459. [PMID: 37576049 PMCID: PMC10420791 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses produce a variety of illnesses, which may also cause acute respiratory syndrome. All viral infections, including COVID-19, are associated with the strength of the immune system. Till now, traditional medicine or vaccines for most viral diseases have not been effective. Antiviral and immune-boosting diets may provide defense against viral diseases by lowering the risk of infection and assisting rapid recovery. The purpose of this review was to gather, analyze, and present data based on scientific evidence in order to provide an overview of the mechanistic insights of antiviral bioactive metabolites. We have covered a wide range of food with antiviral properties in this review, along with their potential mechanism of action against viral infections. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of using antiviral food have been critically reviewed. Bioactive plant compounds, not only help in maintaining the body's normal physiological mechanism and good health but are also essential for improving the body's immunity and therefore can be effective against viral diseases. These agents fight viral diseases either by incorporating the body's defense mechanism or by enhancing the cell's immune system. Regular intake of antiviral foods may prevent future pandemic and consumption of these antiviral agents with traditional medicine may reduce the severity of viral diseases. Therefore, the synergistic effect of antiviral foods and medication needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shofiul Azam
- Department of Food EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro‐ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
- Institute of Food Safety and ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Wahiduzzaman
- Bio‐Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea TechnologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
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Elebeedy D, Ghanem A, Aly SH, Ali MA, Faraag AHI, El-Ashrey MK, salem AM, Hassab MAE, Maksoud AIAE. Synergistic antiviral activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Glycyrrhiza glabra against Herpes Simplex-1 Virus (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV): experimental and In Silico insights. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:173. [PMID: 37391715 PMCID: PMC10311774 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of different viral infections calls for the development of new, effective, and safe antiviral drugs. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a well-known herbal remedy possessing antiviral properties. OBJECTIVE The objective of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed combination of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and G. glabra root extract against two viral models, namely the DNA virus Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and the RNA virus Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), with regards to their antiviral properties. METHODOLOGY To examine the antiviral impacts of various treatments, we employed the MTT assay and real-time PCR methodology. RESULTS The findings of our study indicate that the co-administration of L. acidophilus and G. glabra resulted in a significant improvement in the survival rate of Vero cells, while also leading to a reduction in the titers of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in comparison to cells that were not treated. Additionally, an investigation was conducted on glycyrrhizin, the primary constituent of G. glabra extract, utilizing molecular docking techniques. The results indicated that glycyrrhizin exhibited a greater binding energy score for HSV-1 polymerase (- 22.45 kcal/mol) and VSV nucleocapsid (- 19.77 kcal/mol) in comparison to the cocrystallized ligand (- 13.31 and - 11.44 kcal/mol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The combination of L. acidophilus and G. glabra extract can be used to develop a new, natural antiviral agent that is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Elebeedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
| | - Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. I. Faraag
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829 Cairo Egypt
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795 Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman Inter-National University, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Aya M. salem
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. El Hassab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman Inter-National University, Ras Sudr, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Monufia, Egypt
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Kononova PA, Selyutina OY, Polyakov NE. The Interaction of the Transmembrane Domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-Protein with Glycyrrhizic Acid in Lipid Bilayer. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050505. [PMID: 37233566 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein with glycyrrhizic acid in a model lipid bilayer (small isotropic bicelles) is demonstrated using various NMR techniques. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the main active component of licorice root, and it shows antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, including coronavirus. It is suggested that GA can influence the stage of fusion between the viral particle and the host cell by incorporating into the membrane. Using NMR spectroscopy, it was shown that the GA molecule penetrates into the lipid bilayer in a protonated state, but localizes on the bilayer surface in a deprotonated state. The transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein facilitates deeper GA penetration into the hydrophobic region of bicelles at both acidic and neutral pH and promotes the self-association of GA at neutral pH. Phenylalanine residues of the E-protein interact with GA molecules inside the lipid bilayer at neutral pH. Furthermore, GA influences the mobility of the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein in the bilayer. These data provide deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Kononova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Selyutina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Marchi E, Ramamurthy N, Ansari MA, Harrer CE, Barnes E, Klenerman P. Defining the key intrahepatic gene networks in HCV infection driven by sex. Gut 2023; 72:984-994. [PMID: 35613843 PMCID: PMC10086281 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transcriptional response in the liver during HCV infection is critical for determining clinical outcomes. This issue remains relatively unexplored as tissue access to address this at scale is usually limited. We aimed to profile the transcriptomics of HCV-infected livers to describe the expression networks involved and assess the effect on them of major predictors of clinical outcome such as IFNL4 (interferon lambda 4) host genotype and sex. DESIGN We took advantage of a large clinical study of HCV therapy accompanied by baseline liver biopsy to examine the drivers of transcription in tissue samples in 195 patients also genotyped genome-wide for host and viral single nucleotide polymorphisms. We addressed the role of host factors (disease status, sex, genotype, age) and viral factors (load, mutation) on transcriptional responses. RESULTS We observe key modules of transcription which can be impacted differentially by host and viral factors. Underlying cirrhotic state had the most substantial impact, even in a stable, compensated population. Notably, sex had a major impact on antiviral responses in concert with IL28B (interleukin 28B)/IFNL4 genotype, with stronger interferon and humoral responses in females. Males tended towards a dominant cellular immune response. In both sexes, there was a strong influence of the underlying host disease status and of specific viral mutations, and sex-specific expression quantitative trait loci were also observed. CONCLUSION These features help define the major influences on tissue responses in HCV infection, impacting on the response to treatment and with broader implications for responses in other sex-biased infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marchi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M Azim Ansari
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Zuo J, Meng T, Wang Y, Tang W. A Review of the Antiviral Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050641. [PMID: 37242424 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice, a natural medicine derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, possesses a wide range of therapeutic applications, including antiviral properties. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are the most important active ingredients in licorice. Glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is the active metabolite of GL. GL and its metabolites have a wide range of antiviral activities against viruses, such as, the hepatitis virus, herpes virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and so on. Although their antiviral activity has been widely reported, the specific mechanism of action involving multiple links such as the virus itself, cells, and immunity are not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on the role of GL and its metabolites as antiviral agents, and detail relevant evidence on the potential use and mechanisms of actions. Analyzing antivirals, their signaling, and the impacts of tissue and autoimmune protection may provide promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Wenjian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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13
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Broni E, Ashley C, Adams J, Manu H, Aikins E, Okom M, Miller WA, Wilson MD, Kwofie SK. Cheminformatics-Based Study Identifies Potential Ebola VP40 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076298. [PMID: 37047270 PMCID: PMC10094735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) is still highly infectious and causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in primates. However, there are no regulatorily approved drugs against the Ebola virus disease (EVD). The highly virulent and lethal nature of EVD highlights the need to develop therapeutic agents. Viral protein 40 kDa (VP40), the most abundantly expressed protein during infection, coordinates the assembly, budding, and release of viral particles into the host cell. It also regulates viral transcription and RNA replication. This study sought to identify small molecules that could potentially inhibit the VP40 protein by targeting the N-terminal domain using an in silico approach. The statistical quality of AutoDock Vina’s capacity to discriminate between inhibitors and decoys was determined, and an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of 0.791 was obtained. A total of 29,519 natural-product-derived compounds from Chinese and African sources as well as 2738 approved drugs were successfully screened against VP40. Using a threshold of −8 kcal/mol, a total of 7, 11, 163, and 30 compounds from the AfroDb, Northern African Natural Products Database (NANPDB), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and approved drugs libraries, respectively, were obtained after molecular docking. A biological activity prediction of the lead compounds suggested their potential antiviral properties. In addition, random-forest- and support-vector-machine-based algorithms predicted the compounds to be anti-Ebola with IC50 values in the micromolar range (less than 25 μM). A total of 42 natural-product-derived compounds were identified as potential EBOV inhibitors with desirable ADMET profiles, comprising 1, 2, and 39 compounds from NANPDB (2-hydroxyseneganolide), AfroDb (ZINC000034518176 and ZINC000095485942), and TCM, respectively. A total of 23 approved drugs, including doramectin, glecaprevir, velpatasvir, ledipasvir, avermectin B1, nafarelin acetate, danoprevir, eltrombopag, lanatoside C, and glycyrrhizin, among others, were also predicted to have potential anti-EBOV activity and can be further explored so that they may be repurposed for EVD treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area calculations corroborated the stability and good binding affinities of the complexes (−46.97 to −118.9 kJ/mol). The potential lead compounds may have the potential to be developed as anti-EBOV drugs after experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Carolyn Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Joseph Adams
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
| | - Hammond Manu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Aikins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Mary Okom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (W.A.M.III); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +1(708)-2168451 (W.A.M.III); +23-320-3797922 (S.K.K.)
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
- Correspondence: (W.A.M.III); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +1(708)-2168451 (W.A.M.III); +23-320-3797922 (S.K.K.)
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14
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Su C. Stronger
Neo‐Minophagen
C (
SNMC
): A stronger adjuvant for
TACE
? ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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15
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Jin D, Wang J, Xue J, Zhao Y, Yan G, Li X, Wang X. Contribution of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1015-1035. [PMID: 36382689 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global epidemic, and there is no specific treatment for anti-COVID-19 drugs. However, treatment of COVID-19 using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely practiced in China. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM in the treatment of COVID-19. Twenty-six studies were included in this meta-analysis. The included cases were all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 according to the "New Coronary Virus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program," with a total of 2,407 cases. Patients were treated with CHM, including 36 prescriptions, and 105 flavors of CHM were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the CHM group improved in lung CT, clinical cure rate, clinical symptom score and time to negative for viral nucleic acid. However, this study still has many limitations due to the limited number of included studies. Therefore, high-quality RCT studies are needed to provide more reliable evidence for CHM treatment of COVID-19. In conclusion, CHM may significantly improve the clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of patients with COVID-19. In addition, no serious adverse reactions were found after CHM treatment. Therefore, CHM may be used as a potential candidate for COVID-19. HIGHLIGHTS: COVID-19 has become a global epidemic, and there is no specific treatment for anti-COVID-19 drugs. CHM has made a new breakthrough in the treatment of COVID-19. CHM may relieve lung CT images of COVID-19 patients. CHM may improve clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients. CHM may inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guanchi Yan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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16
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Langer D, Mlynarczyk DT, Dlugaszewska J, Tykarska E. Potential of glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids against influenza type A and B viruses: A perspective to develop new anti-influenza compounds and drug delivery systems. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114934. [PMID: 36455358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent dynamic development of medicine, influenza is still a significant epidemiological problem for people around the world. The growing resistance of influenza viruses to currently available antiviral drugs makes it necessary to search for new compounds or drug forms with potential high efficacy against human influenza A and B viruses. One of the methods of obtaining new active compounds is to chemically modify privileged structures occurring in the natural environment. The second solution, that is gaining more and more interest, is the use of modern drug carriers, which significantly improve physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the transported substances. Molecules known from the earliest times for their numerous therapeutic properties are glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GE). Both compounds constitute the main active agents of the licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, Leguminosae) root and, according to a number of scientific reports, show antiviral properties against both DNA and RNA viruses. The above information prompted many scientific teams around the world to obtain and test in vitro and/or in vivo new synthetic GA and GE derivatives against influenza A and B viruses. Similarly, in recent years, a significant amount of GA and GE-based drug delivery systems (DDS) such as nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, nanocrystals, and carbon dots has been prepared and tested for antiviral activity, including those against influenza A and B viruses. This work systematizes the attempts undertaken to study the antiviral activity of new GA and GE analogs and modern DDS against clinically significant human influenza viruses, at the same time indicating the directions of their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Dlugaszewska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780, Poznań, Poland
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17
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Khan M, Altamish M, Samal M, Srivastav V, Insaf A, Parveen R, Akhtar J, Krishnan A, Ahmad S. Antiviral Potential of Traditional Unani Medicine with Special Emphasis on Dengue: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1317-1334. [PMID: 38037908 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501257577231103044735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever has become a major public health concern. It is usually related to intravascular leaking, bleeding disorders, and thrombocytopenia and is recognized as a potent threat to humans. The scarcity of anti-dengue medication or vaccine for such a serious disease leads to an upsurge in the usage of traditional medicines for its proper management. India has diverse biodiversity and a long history of using plant-based remedies. Several medicinal plant extracts have been studied for producing anti-dengue viral activity. AYUSH traditional systems provide a plethora of plants that have been reported to be useful in the treatment of fever. Single and compound plant- based formulations in natural form have been used in Unani holistic approaches. This review serves as a new approach to illustrate the most recent evidence regarding the antiviral activity of various plants by providing scientific proof and also to validate the traditional formulations as effective treatments in dengue fever for global acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzayyana Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Altamish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Monalisha Samal
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Varsha Srivastav
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Areeba Insaf
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jamal Akhtar
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, New Delhi, 110058, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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18
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Sahoo A, Jena AK, Panda M. Experimental and clinical trial investigations of phyto-extracts, phyto-chemicals and phyto-formulations against oral lichen planus: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115591. [PMID: 35963418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bio-assay guided phytoextracts and derived phytoconstituents reported having multipotent biological activities and nearly 60-80% of the global population still using natural regimens as an alternative therapeutic source. This study focused on the ethnopharmacological and experimental evidence of natural remedies that are effective in treating oral lichen planus (OLP), a chronic T-cell mediated autoimmune disease that is associated with oral cancer transmission. AIM OF THE REVIEW A number of studies have shown that antioxidants and antiinflammatory phytoextracts and phyto-constituents are effective against OLP. In this systematic review, we summarize the details of experimentally assessed ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Indian Ayurveda or Ayurvedic Medicine, and Japanese Kampo Medicine (JKM) regimens (crude extracts, individual phytochemicals, and phyto-formulations) that reduce oral lesion, severity index and pain associated with OLP based on studies conducted in vivo, in vitro, and in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental, clinical and RCT investigation reports were gathered and presented according to PRISMA-2020 format. Briefly, the information was obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley journal library, Scopus, Google Scholar with ClinicalTrials.gov (a clinical trial registry database operated by the National Library of Medicine in the United States). Further, individual phytochemical structures were verified from PubChem and ChemSpider databases and visualized by ChemDraw 18.0 software. RESULTS We summarized 11 crude phytoextracts, 7 individual phytochemicals, 9 crude formulations, 8 specific TCM and JKM herbal cocktails, and 6 RCTs/patents corroborated by multiple in vitro, in vivo and enzyme assay methods. Briefly, plants and their family name, used plant parts, reported phytochemicals and their chemical structure, treatment doses, and duration of each experiment were presented more concisely and scientifically. CONCLUSION Documentation of evidence-based natural ethnomedicines or remedies could be useful for promoting them as potential, cost-effective and less toxic alternatives or as complementary to commonly prescribed steroids towards the control of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
| | - Ajaya K Jena
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Maitreyee Panda
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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19
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Guo Y, Ma A, Wang X, Yang C, Chen X, Li G, Qiu F. Research progress on the antiviral activities of natural products and their derivatives: Structure–activity relationships. Front Chem 2022; 10:1005360. [PMID: 36311429 PMCID: PMC9596788 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1005360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses spread rapidly and are well-adapted to changing environmental events. They can infect the human body readily and trigger fatal diseases. A limited number of drugs are available for specific viral diseases, which can lead to non-efficacy against viral variants and drug resistance, so drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity are lacking. In recent years, a steady stream of new viral diseases has emerged, which has prompted development of new antiviral drugs. Natural products could be employed to develop new antiviral drugs because of their innovative structures and broad antiviral activities. This review summarizes the progress of natural products in antiviral research and their bright performance in drug resistance issues over the past 2 decades. Moreover, it fully discusses the effect of different structural types of natural products on antiviral activity in terms of structure–activity relationships. This review could provide a foundation for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anna Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Gen Li,
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Gen Li,
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjfin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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20
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Fujii S, Shoyama Y, Nomura S, Uto T. Development of Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunostaining Assay to Determine Glycyrrhizin Content Using Anti-glycyrrhizin Monoclonal Antibody. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:694-698. [PMID: 36184451 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza spp., is used in a large number of herbal medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicines, Japanese Kampo medicines, and therapeutic drugs. Since glycyrrhizin (GL) is among the main components in licorice and exhibits numerous beneficial pharmacological activities, the content of GL directly affects biological activity. The quality control based on GL content is an important factor in ensuring biological activity; however, the content of GL in licorice varies depending on plant cultivation environment, genetic factors, and species type. Previously, we prepared an anti-GL monoclonal antibody (anti-GL mAb) and employed it in various immunochemical assays for quality control of licorice and licorice-based products. In this study, we employed the anti-GL mAb in chemiluminescence enzyme immunostaining (CLEIS) to develop a very simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive quality control assay for licorice products, with a limit of detection of 3.9 ng. Furthermore, the CLEIS assay enabled semiquantitative analysis of GL in Kampo medicines. Our results showed that multiple samples can be simultaneously analyzed using CLEIS, and it is a useful tool for determining GL content, as well as ensuring chemical quality control of licorice-containing products and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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21
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Hour MJ, Chen Y, Lin CS, Baltina LA, Kan JY, Tsai YT, Kiu YT, Lai HC, Baltina LA, Petrova SF, Lin CW. Glycyrrhizic Acid Derivatives Bearing Amino Acid Residues in the Carbohydrate Part as Dengue Virus E Protein Inhibitors: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10309. [PMID: 36142222 PMCID: PMC9499324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most geographically distributed mosquito-borne flaviviruses, like Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this study, a library of the known and novel Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) derivatives bearing amino acid residues or their methyl/ethyl esters in the carbohydrate part were synthesized and studied as DENV inhibitors in vitro using the cytopathic effect (CPE), viral infectivity and virus yield assays with DENV1 and DENV-2 in Vero E6 and A549 cells. Among the GL conjugates tested, compound hits GL-D-ValOMe 3, GL-TyrOMe 6, GL-PheOEt 11, and GL-LysOMe 21 were discovered to have better antiviral activity than GL, with IC50 values ranging from <0.1 to 5.98 μM on the in vitro infectivity of DENV1 and DENV2 in Vero E6 and A549 cells. Compound hits 3, 6, 11, and 21 had a concentration-dependent inhibition on the virus yield in Vero E6, in which GL-D-ValOMe 3 and GL-PheOEt 11 were the most active inhibitors of DENV2 yield. Meanwhile, the time-of-addition assay indicated that conjugates GL-D-ValOMe 3 and GL-PheOEt 11 exhibited a substantial decrease in the DENV2 attachment stage. Subsequently, chimeric single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) of DENV2 C-prM-E protein/JEV replicon and DENV2 prM-E/ZIKV replicon were utilized for the DENV envelope I protein-mediated attachment assay. GL conjugates 3 and 11 significantly reduced the attachment of chimeric DENV2 C-prM-E/JEV and DENV2 prM-E/ZIKV SRIPs onto Vero E6 cells in a concentration-dependent manner but did not impede the attachment of wild-type JEV CprME/JEV and ZIKV prM-E/ZIKV SRIPs, indicating the inhibition of Compounds 3 and 11 on DENV2 E-mediated attachment. Molecular docking data revealed that Compounds 3 and 11 have hydrophobic interactions within a hydrophobic pocket among the interfaces of Domains I, II, and the stem region of the DENV2 envelope (E) protein. These results displayed that Compounds 3 and 11 were the lead compounds targeting the DENV E protein. Altogether, our findings provide new insights into the structure−activity relationship of GL derivatives conjugated with amino acid residues and can be the new fundamental basis for the search and development of novel flavivirus inhibitors based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mann-Jen Hour
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, No. 117 Shatian Road, Shalu District, Taichung 43303, Taiwan
| | - Lidia A. Baltina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ju-Ying Kan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shin Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Tung Kiu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lia A. Baltina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana F. Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shin Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Sharma N, Kulkarni GT, Bhatt AN, Satija S, Singh L, Sharma A, Dua K, Karwasra R, Khan AA, Ahmad N, Raza K. Therapeutic Options for the SARS-CoV-2 Virus: Is There a Key in Herbal Medicine? Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for over 500 million cumulative cases all over the world since December 2019 and has marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic virus after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This virus is in a winning situation because scientists are still racing to explore effective therapeutics, vaccines, and event treatment regimens. In view of progress in current disease management, until now none of the preventive/treatment measures can be considered entirely effective to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is required to look up substitute ways for the management of this disease. In this context, herbal medicines could be a good choice. This article emphasizes the antiviral potential of some herbal constituents which further can be a drug of choice in SARS-CoV-2 treatment. This article may be a ready reference for discovering natural lead compounds and targets in SARS-CoV-2 associated works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Lubhan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, KharvelSubharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ritu Karwasra
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Asim Ali Khan
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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23
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Zhou H, Dai C, Cui X, Zhang T, Che Y, Duan K, Yi L, Nguyen AD, Li N, De Souza C, Wan X, Wu Y, Li K, Liu Y, Wu Y. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharide in Lohmann Brown chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959449. [PMID: 36090181 PMCID: PMC9458957 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide extract 1 (GPS-1) is a bioactive component isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as Chinese licorice. It appears to be pharmacologically active as an antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor agent. GPS-1 has also been shown to buffer liver health and regulate the immune system. Moreover, GPS-1 is low cost and easy to extract. More study was needed to elucidate the biochemical pathways underlying the immunomodulatory and antioxidant benefits observed in Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide extract 1 (GPS-1). in vitro experiments on chicken lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) show that GPS-1 significantly promotes the proliferation of immune cells and is linked to lymphocytes' secretion of IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α by. DC secretion of NO, IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 was also increased significantly. Additionally, GPS-1 also displayed a significant antioxidant effect in vitro, able to scavenge DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, ABTS, and other free radicals like superoxide anions. Separately, GPS-1 was tested in vivo in combination with the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) - attenuated vaccine. 120 Lohmann Brown chickens were vaccinated, while another 30 became the unvaccinated blank control (BC) group. For three consecutive days 1 mL of GPS-1 was administered at doses of 19.53 μg/mL, 9.77 μg/mL, or 4.88 μg/mL to the ND-vaccinated birds, except for the vaccine control (VC), where n = 30 per group. In vivo results show that GPS-1 combined with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine had the best efficacy at significantly increasing chickens' body weight and ND serum antibody titer, enhancing their secretion of IL-2 and IFN- γ, and promoting the development of immune organs. The results also indicate that GPS-1 was able increase the proliferation of in vitro immune cells and elevate their cytokine secretion, which enhances the body's immune response. GPS-1 also clearly has the potential to be used as an immune adjuvant alongside ND vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Experimental Teaching Center of Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejie Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Che
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Duan
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Animal Science, Huaihua Polytechnic College, Huaihua, China
| | - Audrey D. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Nannan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xin Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Bakr AF, Shao P, Farag MA. Recent advances in glycyrrhizin metabolism, health benefits, clinical effects and drug delivery systems for efficacy improvement; a comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153999. [PMID: 35220130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a major active constituent of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) that is considered one of the oldest and most frequently employed botanicals in Chinese medicine and worldwide, with most effects attributed to its rich GL content. Structurally, GL a triterpene saponin that is widely used as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs and cosmetics, and also proposed for various clinical applications with a myriad of health benefits. Pharmacological and biological activities of GL include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (in vitro and in vivo). Currently, there is no comprehensive review on GL biological effects and its action mechanisms. PURPOSE This review summarizes GL pharmacological actions from a molecular biology perception, presented on its metabolism and side effects based on in vitro, in vitro and clinical studies. Moreover, the potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also summarized. The progress in drug delivery research using GL presented herein is expected to provide a theoretical basis for developing other novel drugs formulations. METHODS A systematic review was carried out in several electronic databases (Science Direct, SpringerLink, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Scopus), using the following key words: glycyrrhizin "AND" bioactivity "OR" clinic "OR" therapeutic "OR" drug delivery. This search included manuscripts published between 1989 and 2021. RESULTS 126 researches were selected and summarized in this review. The analysis of these studies indicated that GL has antiviral activity against different viruses. Further, GL efficiently suppressed the respiratory manifestations associated with COVID-19 by reducing the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that employed by the virus as an entry point. Otherwise, GL was found to induce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and anticancer activity. Besides, diminution the particle size of GL to nanometer size significantly augments their action and biodistribution. CONCLUSION This article summarizes the pharmacological actions of GL. The potential of GL as a nanomedicine delivery system is also presented. Nevertheless, most studies reported provide no deep insight of GL health effects warranting for more future studies to elucidate its action mechanism and potential therapeutic benefits through preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa F Bakr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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25
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Functional foods with antiviral activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:527-538. [PMID: 35437360 PMCID: PMC9007579 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are known to cause a variety of diseases, ranging from mild respiratory diseases, such as the common cold, to fatal illnesses. Although the development of vaccines and targeted drugs have significantly improved the mortality rate and disease severity against a number of viral infections, there are still many viruses without proper treatment/prevention options and newly emerging viruses can pose serious health threats. For instance, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is producing significant healthcare and socio-economic burden worldwide, which may jeopardize the lives and livelihoods for years to come. Studies have identified functional foods with antiviral activity. Certain foods may target the viral life cycle or modulate the host immune system to enhance defense against viral infections. In this review, we will discuss some of the food products reported to display protective effects against viruses including the influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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26
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Yue L, Uwaremwe C, Tian Y, Liu Y, Zhao X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Cui Z, Dun C, Wang R. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Rescues Glycyrrhizic Acid Loss Under Drought Stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis by Activating the Jasmonic Acid Pathway. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:798525. [PMID: 35368293 PMCID: PMC8966401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major factor limiting the production of the perennial medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Fabaceae) in Northwest China. In this study, 1-year-old potted plants were inoculated with the strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, using a gradient of concentrations (CFU), to test for microbe-induced host tolerance to drought condition treatments in a greenhouse experiment. At the concentration of 108 CFU ml-1, FZB42 had significant growth-promoting effect on G. uralensis: the root biomass was 1.52, 0.84, 0.94, and 0.38 times that under normal watering and mild, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions, respectively. Under moderate drought, the positive impact of FZB42 on G. uralensis growth was most pronounced, with both developing axial and lateral roots strongly associated with indoleacetic acid (IAA) accumulation. An untargeted metabolomic analysis and physiological measurements of mature roots revealed that FZB42 improved the antioxidant system of G. uralensis through the accumulation of proline and sucrose, two osmotic adjustment solutes, and by promoting catalase (CAT) activity under moderate drought stress. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of total flavonoids, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the pharmacologically active substances of G. uralensis, were found in the roots of inoculated plants after FZB42 inoculation under all imposed drought conditions. The jasmonic acid (JA) content, which is closely related to plant defense responses and secondary metabolites' production, was greatly increased in roots after the bacterial inoculations, indicating that FZB42 activated the JA pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that inoculation with FZB42 alleviates the losses in production and pharmacological metabolites of G. uralensis caused by drought via the JA pathway's activation. These results provide a developed prospect of a microbial agent to improve the yield and quality of medical plants in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Constantine Uwaremwe
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bailong Liu
- Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengtuan Cui
- The General Station of Construction and Protection for The Cultivated Land and Quality of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengchao Dun
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Huang W, Lin Y, Kuo H, Sheu M, Feng Y, Feng I, Sun C, Hsieh P, Lim P, Chen C. Benefits of stronger
Neo‐Minophagen
C in acute hepatitis after transarterial chemoembolization therapy for hepatomas. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Chieh Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Min Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Hsing‐Tao Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Jen Sheu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yin‐Hsun Feng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - I‐Che Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Shu Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ping‐Hsin Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Poh‐Poo Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Hsing Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
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28
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Jain R, Hussein MA, Pierce S, Martens C, Shahagadkar P, Munirathinam G. Oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic potential of licorice triterpenoid compound glycyrrhizin and its derivatives: Molecular insights. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106138. [PMID: 35192957 PMCID: PMC8857760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a well-known natural herb used to treat different ailments since ancient times. Glycyrrhizin (GL), which is the primary triterpenoid compound of licorice extract, has been known to have broad-spectrum pharmacological effects. GL is cleaved into glucuronide and the aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which exists in two stereoisomeric forms: 18α- and 18β-GA. It is well documented that GL and GA have great potential as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective agents. Studies undertaken during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic suggest that GL is effective at inhibiting the viral replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The anticancer effects of GL and GA involve modulating various signaling pathways, such as the phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the mammalian target of rapamycin/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which are mainly involved in regulating cancer cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The potential of GL and GA in preventing cancer development and suppressing the growth and invasion of different cancer types has been reviewed in this paper. This review also provides molecular insights on the mechanism of action for the oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic effects of GL and its derivative, GA, which could help develop more specific forms of these agents for clinical use.
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29
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Selyutina OY, Kononova PA, Polyakov NE. Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on phospholipid membranes in media with different pH. Russ Chem Bull 2022; 70:2434-2439. [PMID: 35095252 PMCID: PMC8789480 DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the active ingredient in licorice root, which exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In particular, the virus-inhibiting effect of GA on SARS-associated coronavirus was demonstrated. In addition, GA was found to be capable of increasing bioaccessibility of other drugs when used together. All these effects can be based on the ability of GA to incorporate into cell membranes and change their physical and functional properties. One of the possible mechanisms of the antiviral action of GA against COVID-19 is also considered to be the prevention of fusion of the virus envelope with the plasma membrane of the host cell. The interaction of GA with model lipid membranes was studied by the NMR method. Different factors influencing the incorporation of the GA molecule into the lipid bilayer (phospholipid structure, pH of the medium) were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Yu. Selyutina
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P. A. Kononova
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. E. Polyakov
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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30
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Morita A, Omoya Y, Ito R, Ishibashi Y, Hiramoto K, Ohnishi S, Yoshikawa N, Kawanishi S. Glycyrrhizin and its derivatives promote hepatic differentiation via sweet receptor, Wnt, and Notch signaling. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101181. [PMID: 34934826 PMCID: PMC8654616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute liver disease is involved in aberrant release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Glycyrrhizin (GL), a traditional Chinese medicine for liver disease, binds to HMGB1, thereby inhibits tissue injury. However the mode of action of GL for chronic liver disease remains unclear. We investigated the effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) and its derivatives on liver differentiation using human iPS cells by using a flow cytometric analysis. GL promoted hepatic differentiation at the hepatoblast formation stage. The GL derivatives, 3-O-mono-glucuronyl 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (Mono) and 3-O-[glucosyl (1 → 2)-glucuronyl] 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid increased AFP+ cell counts and albumin+ cell counts. Glucuronate conjugation seemed to be a requirement for hepatic differentiation. Mono exhibited the most significant hepatic differentiation effect. We evaluated the effects of (±)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (DP), a T1R3 antagonist, and sucralose, a T1R3 agonist, on hepatic differentiation, and found that DP suppressed Mono-induced hepatic differentiation, while sucralose promoted hepatic differentiation. Thus, GL promoted hepatic differentiation via T1R3 signaling. In addition, Mono increased β-catenin+ cell count and decreased Hes5+ cell count suggesting the involvement of Wnt and Notch signaling in GL-induced hepatic differentiation. In conclusion, GL exerted a hepatic differentiation effect via sweet receptor (T1R3), canonical Wnt, and Notch signaling.
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Key Words
- AFP, α-fetoprotein
- Api, 3-O-[apiosyl (1 → 2)-glucuronyl] βGA
- CBX, carbenoxolone, 3-O-hemisuccinyl βGA
- CK-19, cytokeratin 19
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DP, (±)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid
- GL, glycyrrhizin
- Glc, 3-O-[glucosyl (1 → 2)-glucuronyl] βGA
- Glycyrrhizin
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box1
- HNF-4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
- Hepatic differentiation
- Hes, hairy and enhancer of split
- LSG, licorice saponin G
- LSH, licorice saponin H
- Liver regeneration
- Mono, 3-O-mono-glucuronyl βGA
- Sweet receptor
- T1R3
- αGA, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid
- βGA, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yuta Omoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Rie Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Shiho Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuji Yoshikawa
- Matsusaka R&D Center, Cokey Co., Ltd., Matsusaka, Mie, 515-0041, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
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31
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Zhang QH, Huang HZ, Qiu M, Wu ZF, Xin ZC, Cai XF, Shang Q, Lin JZ, Zhang DK, Han L. Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms of Licorice in Potential Therapy of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719758. [PMID: 34899289 PMCID: PMC8661450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global challenge, and although vaccines have been developed, it is expected that mild to moderate patients will control their symptoms, especially in developing countries. Licorice, not only a food additive, but also a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has several pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, detoxification, antibacterial, antitussive, and immunomodulatory effects, especially in respiratory diseases. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizin diamine and glycyrrhizin extract have been widely studied and used in COVID-19 clinical trials. Therefore, it is a very interesting topic to explore the material basis, pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of licorice in adjuvant treatment of COVID-19. In this paper, the material basis of licorice for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is deeply analyzed, and there are significant differences among different components in different pharmacological mechanisms. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators by blocking the binding of ACE 2 to virus spike protein, and exert antiviral and antibacterial effects. Immune cells are stimulated by multiple targets and pathways to interfere with the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Liquiritin can prevent and cure COVID-19 by simulating type I interferon. It is suggested that licorice can exert its therapeutic advantage through multi-components and multi-targets. To sum up, licorice has the potential to adjuvant prevent and treat COVID-19. It not only plays a significant role in anti-inflammation and anti-ACE-2, but also significantly improves the clinical symptoms of fever, dry cough and shortness of breath, suggesting that licorice is expected to be a candidate drug for adjuvant treatment of patients with early / mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhan-Chang Xin
- Gansu Qilian Mountain Pharmaceutical Limited Liability Company, Jiuquan, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Pengzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Pengzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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32
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Abraham J, Florentine S. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extracts-Suitable Pharmacological Interventions for COVID-19? A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2600. [PMID: 34961070 PMCID: PMC8708549 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose phytochemicals have shown both antiviral and anti-inflammatory tendencies through previous studies. All the literature was selected through extensive search in various databases such as google scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, one of the licorice components has an autophagy-enhancing mechanism that studies have suggested to be necessary for COVID-19 treatment. Based on reviewing relevant professional and historical literature regarding the medicinal properties of licorice, it is suggested that it may be worthwhile to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials with glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids together with other flavonoids found in licorice, as there is the potentiality to provide natural interventions against COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Abraham
- School of Engineering, Information Technology, and Physical Sciences, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
| | - Singarayer Florentine
- Centre for Environmental Management, School of Science, Psychology, and Sport, Mt Helen Campus, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;
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33
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Fatima A, Malick TS, Khan I, Ishaque A, Salim A. Effect of glycyrrhizic acid and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on the differentiation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1580-1594. [PMID: 34786159 PMCID: PMC8567450 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage liver disease is a global health complication with high prevalence and limited treatment options. Cell-based therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as an alternative approach to support hepatic regeneration. In vitro preconditioning strategies have been employed to strengthen the regenerative and differentiation potential of MSCs towards hepatic lineage. Chemical compounds of the triterpene class; glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GT) possess diverse therapeutic properties including hepato-protection and anti-fibrosis characteristics. They are capable of modulating several signaling pathways that are crucial in hepatic regeneration. Preconditioning with hepato-protective triterpenes may stimulate MSC fate transition towards hepatocytes.
AIM To explore the effect of GA and GT on hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord-MSCs (hUC-MSCs).
METHODS hUC-MSCs were isolated and characterized phenotypically by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry for the expression of MSC-associated surface molecules. Isolated cells were treated with GA, GT, and their combination for 24 h and then analyzed at three time points; day 7, 14, and 21. qRT-PCR was performed for the expression of hepatic genes. Expression of hepatic proteins was analyzed by immunocytochemistry at day 21. Periodic acid Schiff staining was performed to determine the functional ability of treated cells.
RESULTS The fusiform-shaped morphology of MSCs in the treatment groups in comparison with the untreated control, eventually progressed towards the polygonal morphology of hepatocytes with the passage of time. The temporal transcriptional profile of preconditioned MSCs displayed significant expression of hepatic genes with increasing time of differentiation. Preconditioned cells showed positive expression of hepatocyte-specific proteins. The results were further corroborated by positive periodic acid Schiff staining, indicating the presence of glycogen in their cytoplasm. Moreover, bi-nucleated cells, which is the typical feature of hepatocytes, were also seen in the preconditioned cells.
CONCLUSION Preconditioning with glycyrrhizic acid, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and their combination, successfully differentiates hUC-MSCs into hepatic-like cells. These MSCs may serve as a better therapeutic option for degenerative liver diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiha Fatima
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Tuba Shakil Malick
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ishaque
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Sindh, Pakistan
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Xu M, Wan Z, Yang X. Recent Advances and Applications of Plant-Based Bioactive Saponins in Colloidal Multiphase Food Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:6075. [PMID: 34641618 PMCID: PMC8512339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring saponins exhibit remarkable interfacial activity and also possess many biological activities linking to human health benefits, which make them particularly attractive as bifunctional building blocks for formulation of colloidal multiphase food systems. This review focuses on two commonly used food-grade saponins, Quillaja saponins (QS) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA), with the aim of clarifying the relationship between the structural features of saponin molecules and their subsequent self-assembly and interfacial properties. The recent applications of these two saponins in various colloidal multiphase systems, including liquid emulsions, gel emulsions, aqueous foams and complex emulsion foams, are then discussed. A particular emphasis is on the unique use of GA and GA nanofibrils as sole stabilizers for fabricating various multiphase food systems with many advanced qualities including simplicity, ultrastability, stimulability, structural viscoelasticity and processability. These natural saponin and saponin-based colloids are expected to be used as sustainable, plant-based ingredients for designing future foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Xu
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Zhili Wan
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.X.); (X.Y.)
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (M.X.); (X.Y.)
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35
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Ding X, Li S, Zhu L. Potential effects of HMGB1 on viral replication and virus infection-induced inflammatory responses: A promising therapeutic target for virus infection-induced inflammatory diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 62:54-61. [PMID: 34503914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses, characterized by the overproduction of numerous proinflammatory mediators by immune cells, is essential to protect the host against invading pathogens. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines is a key pathogenic factor accounting for severe tissue injury and disease progression during the infection of multiple viruses, which are therefore termed as "cytokine storm". High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous DNA-binding protein released either over virus-infected cells or activated immune cells, may act as a proinflammatory cytokine with a robust capacity to potentiate inflammatory response and disease severity. Moreover, HMGB1 is a host factor that potentially participates in the regulation of viral replication cycles with complicated mechanisms. Currently, HMGB1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic target against virus infection. Here, we provide an overview of the updated studies on how HMGB1 is differentially manipulated by distinct viruses to regulate viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Ding
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Liqian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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36
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Husain I, Bala K, Khan IA, Khan SI. A review on phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, drug interactions, and associated toxicities of licorice (
Glycyrrhiza
sp.). FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur India
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
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37
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Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA. The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100043. [PMID: 35399823 PMCID: PMC7886629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have stated that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract are present in most traditional Chinese medicine formulas used against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Significant data are showing that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have multiple beneficial activities in combating most features of SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE The aim of current review was to highlight recent progresses in research that showed the evidence of the potential use of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against COVID-19. METHODOLOGY We have reviewed the information published from 1979 to October 2020. These studies demonstrated the effects , use and safety of glycyrrhizin and icorice extract against viral infections,bacterial infections, inflammatory disorders of lung ( in vitro and in vivo). These studies were collated through online electronic databases research (Academic libraries as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). RESULTS Pooled effect size of articles provides information about the rationale for using glycyrrhizin and licorice extract to treat COVID-19. Fifty studies demonstrate antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract. The most frequent mechanism of the antiviral activity is due to disrupting viral uptake into the host cells and disrupting the interaction between receptor- binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV2 and ACE2 in recent articles. Fifty studies indicate that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Twenty five studies provide evidence for the protective effect of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against inflammation-induced acute lung injury and cardiovascular disorders. CONCLUSION The current study showed several evidence regarding the beneficial effects of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19. More randomized clinical trials are needed to obtain a precise conclusion.
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Key Words
- 18β-GA, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid
- : ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALI, acute lung injury
- ARDS, acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Acute lung injury protector
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- DCs, dendritic cells
- Gl, glycyrrhizin
- Glycyrrhizin and licorice extract;Antiviral and antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- IL, interleukin
- Immunododulator
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- MR, mineralocorticoid receptor
- MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- NO, nitric oxide
- RBD, receptor-binding domain
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S, Spike
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMPRSS2, type 2 transmembrane serine protease
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- h, hour
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- licorice extract, LE
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut Universitya, Beni-Suif, Egypt
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38
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Huan C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Guo T, Pan H, Gao S. Research Progress on the Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizin and its Derivatives in Liquorice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680674. [PMID: 34295250 PMCID: PMC8290359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquorice is a traditional medicine. Triterpenoids such as glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid are the main active constituents of liquorice. Studies have revealed that these compounds exert inhibitory effects on several viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The main mechanisms of action of these compounds include inhibition of virus replication, direct inactivation of viruses, inhibition of inflammation mediated by HMGB1/TLR4, inhibition of β-chemokines, reduction in the binding of HMGB1 to DNA to weaken the activity of viruses, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation. We herein review the research progress on the antiviral effects of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives. In addition, we emphasise the significance of exploring unknown antiviral mechanisms, structural modifications, and drug combinations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haochun Pan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, China
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39
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Zhu ZH, Li X, He LF, Cai HF, Ye B, Wu ZM. Glycyrrhizic acid, as an inhibitor of HMGB1, alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice through the MAPK and Smad3 pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:461-470. [PMID: 34142927 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1939371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been noticed particularly for its pivotal role in several pathologies. However, the relevance between HMGB1 and pathological progress in lung toxicity still remains unclear. In the study, we evaluated the effect of glycyrrhizic acid as an HMGB1 inhibitor on the early inflammation and late fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice. METHODS We established a bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity model to detect the relevance between HMGB1 and pathological changes in the early inflammatory and late fibrotic stages. RESULTS We found that bleomycin-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and inflammatory lesions in lung tissue in the early stage of the model. However, markers of fibrosis such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly elevated on day 7 after bleomycin instillation. Interestingly, HMGB1 also began to rise on day 7, rather than in the early inflammatory phase. However, early (from day 0 to 14 after bleomycin instillation) or late (from day 14 to 28) intervention with HMGB1 neutralizing antibody or glycyrrhizic acid alleviated inflammation and fibrosis through down-regulating the inflammatory signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and fibrotic signaling Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that HMGB1 mediates both inflammation and fibrosis in this model. The development of high-potency and low-toxicity HMGB1 inhibitors may be a class of potential drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhu
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng He
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - He-Fei Cai
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Taizhou Central Hospital, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhong-Min Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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40
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Diomede L, Beeg M, Gamba A, Fumagalli O, Gobbi M, Salmona M. Can Antiviral Activity of Licorice Help Fight COVID-19 Infection? Biomolecules 2021; 11:855. [PMID: 34201172 PMCID: PMC8227143 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytotherapeutic properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) extract are mainly attributed to glycyrrhizin (GR) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Among their possible pharmacological actions, the ability to act against viruses belonging to different families, including SARS coronavirus, is particularly important. With the COVID-19 emergency and the urgent need for compounds to counteract the pandemic, the antiviral properties of GR and GA, as pure substances or as components of licorice extract, attracted attention in the last year and supported the launch of two clinical trials. In silico docking studies reported that GR and GA may directly interact with the key players in viral internalization and replication such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), spike protein, the host transmembrane serine protease 2, and 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease. In vitro data indicated that GR can interfere with virus entry by directly interacting with ACE2 and spike, with a nonspecific effect on cell and viral membranes. Additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of GR cannot be excluded. These multiple activities of GR and licorice extract are critically re-assessed in this review, and their possible role against the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 and the features of COVID-19 disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessio Gamba
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Oscar Fumagalli
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
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Liang C, Hui N, Liu Y, Qiao G, Li J, Tian L, Ju X, Jia M, Liu H, Cao W, Yu P, Li H, Ren X. Insights into forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules: A Chinese herbal medicine repurposed for COVID-19 pandemic. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100027. [PMID: 35399819 PMCID: PMC7833308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases worldwide. However, there is still a lack of drugs with clear curative effects, and the clinical trial research of vaccines has not been completely finished. Purpose LH capsules are approved TCM patent medicine that are widely used for the treatment of respiratory tract infectious diseases caused by colds and flu. On April 12, 2020, LH capsules and granules were officially repurposed by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for patients with mild COVID-19 based on their safety and efficacy demonstrated through multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trials. We hope to conduct a comprehensive review of it through modern pharmacy methods, and try to explain its possible mechanism. Methods Using the full names of LH capsules Lianhuaqingwen, Lianhua Qingwen andSARS-COV-2, COVID-19 as the keywords of the search terms, systemically search for existing related papers in various databases such as Web of Science and PubMed. And completed the collection of clinical data in ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Last but not least, we have sorted out the anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms of LH capsules through literature and Selleck. Results This review systematically sorted out the active ingredients in LH capsules. Furthermore, the related pharmacological and clinical trials of LH capsule on SARS-CoV-2, IAV and IBV were discussed in detail. Moreover, the present review provides the first summary of the potential molecular mechanism of specific substances in LH capsules involved in resistance to SARS-COV-2 infection and the inhibition of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) caused by IL-6. Conclusion This review summarizes the available reports and evidence that support the use of LH capsules as potential drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, TCM exerts its effects through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and LH capsules are not an exception. Therefore, the relevant mechanisms need to be further improved and experimentally verified.
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Key Words
- 3C-like protease (3CLpro)
- 3CLpro, 3C-like protease
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- AECOPD, Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- AQP3, Aquaporins 3
- ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- CAT, COPD assessment test
- CC50, 50% Cytotoxic concentration
- CCL-2/MCP-1, C—C motif ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- CFDA, China Food and Drug Administration
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- CPE, Cytopathic effect
- CSS, Cytokine storm syndrome
- CT, Computed tomography
- CXCL-10/IP-10, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10/ Interferon Gamma-induced Protein 10
- Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS)
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- E protein, Envelope protein
- ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FBS, Fatal bovine serum
- Forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen,LH) capsules
- Grb2, Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
- HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus
- HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography
- HSV-1, Herpes simplex virus type 1
- HVJ, Hemagglutinating virus of Japan
- Hep-2, Human epithelial type 2
- Huh-7, Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma-7
- IAV, Influenza A virus
- IBV, Influenza B virus
- IC50, 50% Inhibition concentration
- IFN-λ1, Interferon-λ1
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- IL-6R, IL-6 Receptor
- IL-8, Interleukin-8
- IP-10, Interferon-inducible protein-10
- JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription
- JAK1/2, Janus kinase1/2
- LD50, 50% Lethal dose
- LH capsules, Forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules
- M protein, Membrane protein
- MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MDCK, Madin-darby canine kidney
- MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MERS, Middle east respiratory syndrome
- MIP-1β, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β
- MLD50, 50% Minimum lethal dose
- MOF, Multifunctional organ damage
- MOI, Multiplicity of infection
- MTT, Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium
- NF-kB, Nuclear transcription factor kappa-B
- NHC, National Health Commission
- ORFs, Open reading frames
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PHN, Phillyrin
- PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinases
- PKA/p-CREB, Protein kinase A /phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein
- PKB, Akt, Protein kinase B
- PLpro, Papain-like proteases
- PRC, People's Republic of China
- QC, Quality control
- RANTES, Regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted
- RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcription PCR
- Ras, Ras GTPase
- SARS-CoV-2
- TCID50, 50% Tissue culture infective dose
- TD0, Non-toxic Dose
- TD50, Half-toxic dose
- Vero E6, African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial-6
- gp-130, Glycoprotein 130
- mIL-6R, Membrane-bound form IL-6 Receptor
- mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin
- nsps, Non-structural proteins
- qPCR, Quantitative PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Guaiping Qiao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xingke Ju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minyi Jia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Han Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Khan SA, Al-Balushi K. Combating COVID-19: The role of drug repurposing and medicinal plants. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:495-503. [PMID: 33743371 PMCID: PMC7590838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel corona virus-2 disease has spread to 213 countries and territories across the globe. The corona pandemic has claimed more than 548,934 deaths worldwide till the evening of 8th of July 2020 and the number of confirmed cases is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a treatment or a vaccine for COVID-19 at the earliest. The aim of this mini-review is to give an overview of identified repurposed anti-COVID-19 drugs which are currently under clinical trials. METHODS A thorough literature survey was done to retrieve relevant information using various web based search engines such as Google, Google scholar, and various other electronic research databases such as PubMed, Medline, MeSh etc. The findings of the recently published articles, clinical trials, COVID-19 update by World Health Organization etc., and the opinion of the authors is summarized in this brief review. The antiviral medicinal plants were identified based on their use in Chinese/Indian indigenous systems of medicine, traditional use, published scientific phytochemical studies and/or their effectiveness against upper respiratory infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). RESULTS The disease is just over six months old and effective prophylactic or therapeutic agents are yet to be developed for COVID-19. Thus, in the absence of an effective therapy, scientific community has rationally considered the drug repurposing approach for the development of anti COVID-19 drugs. Various studies and clinical trials involving antimalarial drugs, anti-HIV drugs, anti-hepatitis drugs, anti-parasitic drug, anti-inflammatory drugs, the combination of antimalarial and macrolide antibiotic and few other molecules identified through drug repurposing are currently underway to combat COVID-19. Due emphasis is also given to develop novel corona vaccines for the prophylaxis and to identify drugs for adjunct/supportive therapy. Several medicinal plants along with their major phytochemicals exhibiting antiviral activity are identified for further exploration. It is anticipated that these natural products might also play an important role in combating COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Use of drug repurposing strategy to develop anti COVID-19 drugs and exploring antiviral medicinal plants as adjunct or supportive therapy appears to be a viable option. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to work in parallel on different strategies such as genetic engineering, in silico approach, herbal remedies and drug repositioning to achieve the common goal of finding a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19 at the earliest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah A Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman.
| | - K Al-Balushi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box 620, PC 130, Muscat, Oman
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Effectiveness of Hepatoprotectors in the Practice of a Family Doctor. Fam Med 2021. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.1.2021.231939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoprotectors – drugs that form the basis of pathogenetic treatment of various liver diseases. They help restore impaired hepatocyte function, increase the resistance of liver cells to the effects of pathological factors, enhance the detoxification function of hepatocytes, have antioxidant properties. There is no generally accepted classification of hepatoprotectors today, they are divided into several groups depending on the origin: plant, animal, synthetic origin, products containing essential phospholipids, amino acids, vitamins, and other groups.
One of the well-known hepatoprotectors of plant origin is glycyrrhizin – the main active ingredient of licorice root. Licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a drug used in medicine since ancient times, as evidenced by historical data from China, Japan, India, Greece, and Europe. Licorice root is widely used today in medicine and the food industry. Glycyrrhizin – potassium and calcium salt of glycyrrhizinic acid, has a wide range of properties. It is used mainly for the treatment of chronic liver disease. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the use of glycyrrhizin helps reduce steatosis, inflammation in the liver has an antifibrotic effect. Studies on the use of glycyrrhizinic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma are actively conducted, as its antitumor properties are known. It is included in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. In vitro studies have shown the antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against HIV-1, SARS-associated virus, respiratory syncytial virus, arboviruses, and its potential for coronavirus control is being discussed. Possibilities of application of glycyrrhizin and cardiovascular diseases are studied. In this article, we present a review of current literature data on glycerol, its properties, and applications in liver disease, other diseases, and our own clinical observations.
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Natural Products from Medicinal Plants with Anti-Human Coronavirus Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061754. [PMID: 33800977 PMCID: PMC8003969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to all the continents at an unprecedented pace. This pandemic has caused not only hundreds of thousands of mortalities but also a huge economic setback throughout the world. Therefore, the scientific communities around the world have focused on finding antiviral therapeutic agents to either fight or halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Since certain medicinal plants and herbal formulae have proved to be effective in treatment of similar viral infections such as those caused by SARS and Ebola, scientists have paid more attention to natural products for effective treatment of this devastating pandemic. This review summarizes studies and ethnobotanical information on plants and their constituents used for treatment of infections caused by viruses related to the coronavirus family. Herein, we provide a critical analysis of previous reports and how to exploit published data for the discovery of novel therapeutic leads to fight against COVID-19.
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Saponins: Extraction, bio-medicinal properties and way forward to anti-viral representatives. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112075. [PMID: 33617964 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal or herbal plants are widely used for their many favourable properties and are generally safe without any side effects. Saponins are sugar conjugated natural compounds which possess a multitude of biological activities such as medicinal properties, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, etc. Saponin production is a part of the normal growth and development process in a lot of plants and plant extracts such as liquorice and ginseng which are exploited as potential drug sources. Herbal compounds have shown a great potential against a wide variety of infectious agents, including viruses such as the SARS-CoV; these are all-natural products and do not show any adverse side effects. This article reviews the various aspects of saponin biosynthesis and extraction, the need for their integration into more mainstream medicinal therapies and how they could be potentially useful in treating viral diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, HSV, rotavirus etc. The literature presents a close review on the saponin efficacy in targeting mentioned viral diseases that occupy a high mortality rate worldwide. This manuscript indicates the role of saponins as a source of dynamic plant based anti-viral remedies and their various methods for extraction from different sources.
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Chen K, Yang R, Shen FQ, Zhu HL. Advances in Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms of Glycyrrhizic Acid. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6219-6243. [PMID: 31612817 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666191011115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is widely regarded as an important medicinal plant and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine because of its therapeutic properties. Studies have shown that metabolites isolated from licorice have many pharmacological activities, such as antiinflammatory, anti-viral, participation in immune regulation, anti-tumor and other activities. This article gives an overview of the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of licorice metabolites and the adverse reactions that need attention. This review helps to further investigate the possibility of licorice as a potential drug for various diseases. It is hoped that this review can provide a relevant theoretical basis for relevant scholars' research and their own learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele Univeristy for Gene Interference and
Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Yang
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele Univeristy for Gene Interference and
Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Qian Shen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele Univeristy for Gene Interference and
Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University,
Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
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Rahman MM, Mosaddik A, Alam AK. Traditional foods with their constituent's antiviral and immune system modulating properties. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05957. [PMID: 33462562 PMCID: PMC7806454 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses are responsible for several diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, a condition caused by today's pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A negotiated immune system is a common risk factor for all viral infections, including COVID-19. To date, no specific therapies or vaccines have been approved for coronavirus. In these circumstances, antiviral and immune boosting foods may ensure protection against viral infections, especially SARS-CoV-2 by reducing risk and ensuring fast healing of SARS-CoV-2 illness. Scope and approach In this review, we have conducted an online search using several search engines (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct) to find out some traditional foods (plant, animal and fungi species), which have antiviral and immune-boosting properties against numerous viral infections, particularly coronaviruses (CoVs) and others RNA-virus infections. Our review indicated some foods to be considered as potential immune enhancers, which may help individuals to overcome viral infections like COVID-19 by modulating immune systems and reducing respiratory problems. Furthermore, this review will provide information regarding biological properties of conventional foods and their ingredients to uphold general health. Key Findings and Conclusions We observed some foods with antiviral and immune-boosting properties, which possess bioactive compounds that showed significant antiviral properties against different viruses, particularly RNA viruses such as CoVs. Interestingly, some antiviral and immune-boosting mechanisms were very much similar to the antiviral drug of COVID-19 homologous SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). The transient nature and the devastating spreading capability of COVID-19 lead to ineffectiveness of many curative therapies. Therefore, body shielding and immune-modulating foods, which have previous scientific recognition, have been discussed in this review to discern the efficacy of these foods against viral infections, especially SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahm Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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Baltina LA, Hour MJ, Liu YC, Chang YS, Huang SH, Lai HC, Kondratenko RM, Petrova SF, Yunusov MS, Lin CW. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid conjugates with amino acid esters against Zika virus. Virus Res 2020; 294:198290. [PMID: 33388394 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a new pathogenic flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes spp. ZIKV infection is accompanied by serious neurological complications and is especially dangerous for pregnant women, in which it can lead to congenital malformations of the fetus and microcephaly in neonates. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific post-infectious therapies for ZIKV infection. This report is devoted to the study of glycyrrhizic acid (GL) derivatives as ZIKV inhibitors. The inhibitory assays on the cytopathic effect (CPE) and viral infectivity of ZIKV in three different human cell lines revealed that the conjugation of GL with amino acids and their esters (methyl, ethyl) is influenced by the antiviral activity of the compounds. GL conjugates with Glu(OMe)-OMe 11, Glu(OH)-OMe 12, Asp(OMe)-OMe 13, TyrOMe 14, LeuOEt 15, and PheOEt 16 with free COOH groups in the triterpene moiety were active against ZIKV. The most active compounds 13 and 14 have IC50 values of 0.23 μM and 0.09 μM against low doses (MOI = 0.05) of ZIKV strain PRVABC59, 1.20 μM and 0.74 μM against high doses (MOI = 10) of ZIKV strain Natal RGN single-round infectious particles, respectively. The lead compound was 14 with a high selectivity index (SI < 500). Compound 13 showed a higher inhibitory effect on the early stage (entry) of ZIKV replication than compound 14, and was less potent than compound 14 at the post-entry stage, consistent with the docking models. Compounds 13 and 14 also had a strong interaction with the active site pocket of NS5 MTase. Compounds 13 and 14 are recommended for expanded antiviral studies against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia A Baltina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation.
| | - Mann-Jen Hour
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Young-Sheng Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | | | - Svetlana F Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Marat S Yunusov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russian Federation
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Brendler T, Al‐Harrasi A, Bauer R, Gafner S, Hardy ML, Heinrich M, Hosseinzadeh H, Izzo AA, Michaelis M, Nassiri‐Asl M, Panossian A, Wasser SP, Williamson EM. Botanical drugs and supplements affecting the immune response in the time of
COVID
‐19: Implications for research and clinical practice. Phytother Res 2020; 35:3013-3031. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
- Plantaphile Collingswood New Jersey USA
| | - Ahmed Al‐Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre University of Nizwa Nizwa Oman
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy University of Graz Graz Austria
| | | | - Mary L. Hardy
- Association of Integrative and Holistic Medicine San Diego California USA
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy University of London London UK
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Angelo A. Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Marjan Nassiri‐Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Solomon P. Wasser
- Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology University of Haifa Haifa Israel
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Sikander M, Malik S, Rodriguez A, Yallapu MM, Narula AS, Satapathy SK, Dhevan V, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M. Role of Nutraceuticals in COVID-19 Mediated Liver Dysfunction. Molecules 2020; 25:E5905. [PMID: 33322162 PMCID: PMC7764432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is known as one of the deadliest pandemics of the century. The rapid spread of this deadly virus at incredible speed has stunned the planet and poses a challenge to global scientific and medical communities. Patients with COVID-19 are at an increased risk of co-morbidities associated with liver dysfunction and injury. Moreover, hepatotoxicity induced by antiviral therapy is gaining importance and is an area of great concern. Currently, alternatives therapies are being sought to mitigate hepatic damage, and there has been growing interest in the research on bioactive phytochemical agents (nutraceuticals) due to their versatility in health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Therefore, this review provides information and summarizes the juncture of antiviral, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective nutraceuticals that can be useful during the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anyssa Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Barbara and Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Vijian Dhevan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (M.S.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
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