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Kondo M, Kumagai S, Nishikawa H. Metabolic advantages of regulatory T cells dictated by cancer cells. Int Immunol 2024; 36:75-86. [PMID: 37837615 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells employ glycolysis for their survival and growth (the "Warburg effect"). Consequently, surrounding cells including immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are exposed to hypoglycemic, hypoxic, and low pH circumstances. Since effector T cells depend on the glycolysis for their survival and functions, the metabolically harsh TME established by cancer cells is unfavorable, resulting in the impairment of effective antitumor immune responses. By contrast, immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T (Treg) cells can infiltrate, proliferate, survive, and exert immunosuppressive functions in the metabolically harsh TME, indicating the different metabolic dependance between effector T cells and Treg cells. Indeed, some metabolites that are harmful for effector T cells can be utilized by Treg cells; lactic acid, a harmful metabolite for effector T cells, is available for Treg cell proliferation and functions. Deficiency of amino acids such as tryptophan and glutamine in the TME impairs effector T cell activation but increases Treg cell populations. Furthermore, hypoxia upregulates fatty acid oxidation via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and promotes Treg cell migration. Adenosine is induced by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, which are strongly induced by HIF-1α, and reportedly accelerates Treg cell development by upregulating Foxp3 expression in T cells via A2AR-mediated signals. Therefore, this review focuses on the current views of the unique metabolism of Treg cells dictated by cancer cells. In addition, potential cancer combination therapies with immunotherapy and metabolic molecularly targeted reagents that modulate Treg cells in the TME are discussed to develop "immune metabolism-based precision medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kondo
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shogo Kumagai
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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2
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Ji Y, Yang Y, Sun S, Dai Z, Ren F, Wu Z. Insights into diet-associated oxidative pathomechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease and protective effects of functional amino acids. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:95-113. [PMID: 35703919 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial rise in the incidence and prevalence of clinical patients presenting with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Accumulating evidence has corroborated the view that dietary factors (particularly diets with high levels of saturated fat or sugar) are involved in the development and progression of IBD, which is predominately associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Notably, the ecological imbalance of the gut microbiome exacerbates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, leading to perturbations of the intestinal redox balance and immunity, as well as mucosal integrity. Recent findings have revealed that functional amino acids, including L-glutamine, glycine, L-arginine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, and hydroxyproline, are effectively implicated in the maintenance of intestinal redox and immune homeostasis. These amino acids and their metabolites have oxygen free-radical scavenging and inflammation-relieving properties, and they participate in modulation of the microbial community and the metabolites in the gut. The principal focus of this article is a review of recent advances in the oxidative pathomechanisms of IBD development and progression in relation to dietary factors, with a particular emphasis on the redox and signal transduction mechanisms of host cells in response to unbalanced diets and enterobacteria. In addition, an update on current understanding of the protective effects of functional amino acids against IBD, together with the underlying mechanisms for this protection, have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,are with the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaChina
| | - Fazheng Ren
- are with the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- are with the State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,are with the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Wu Q, Wang C, Zhu L, Wang S, Zhao L, Xing Z, Zhang B, Jia W, Ma Y, Wang Y. Effects of glutamine on growth performance and immune function of high-concentrate fattening Hu lambs. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Tan J, Taitz J, Sun SM, Langford L, Ni D, Macia L. Your Regulatory T Cells Are What You Eat: How Diet and Gut Microbiota Affect Regulatory T Cell Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878382. [PMID: 35529463 PMCID: PMC9067578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern industrial practices have transformed the human diet over the last century, increasing the consumption of processed foods. Dietary imbalance of macro- and micro-nutrients and excessive caloric intake represent significant risk factors for various inflammatory disorders. Increased ingestion of food additives, residual contaminants from agricultural practices, food processing, and packaging can also contribute deleteriously to disease development. One common hallmark of inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmunity and allergies, is the defect in anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) development and/or function. Treg represent a highly heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive immune cells contributing to peripheral tolerance. Tregs either develop in the thymus from autoreactive thymocytes, or in the periphery, from naïve CD4+ T cells, in response to environmental antigens and cues. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that various dietary factors can directly regulate Treg development. These dietary factors can also indirectly modulate Treg differentiation by altering the gut microbiota composition and thus the production of bacterial metabolites. This review provides an overview of Treg ontogeny, both thymic and peripherally differentiated, and highlights how diet and gut microbiota can regulate Treg development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shir Ming Sun
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan Langford
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and The Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Laurence Macia
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5
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Jee JJ, Yang L, Shivakumar P, Xu PP, Mourya R, Thanekar U, Yu P, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Wang H, Duan X, Ye Y, Wang B, Jin Z, Liu Y, Cao Z, Watanabe-Chailland M, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wagner M, Fei L, Luo Z, Ollberding NJ, Tang ST, Bezerra JA. Maternal regulation of biliary disease in neonates via gut microbial metabolites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35013245 PMCID: PMC8748778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal seeding of the microbiome in neonates promotes a long-lasting biological footprint, but how it impacts disease susceptibility in early life remains unknown. We hypothesized that feeding butyrate to pregnant mice influences the newborn’s susceptibility to biliary atresia, a severe cholangiopathy of neonates. Here, we show that butyrate administration to mothers renders newborn mice resistant to inflammation and injury of bile ducts and improves survival. The prevention of hepatic immune cell activation and survival trait is linked to fecal signatures of Bacteroidetes and Clostridia and increases glutamate/glutamine and hypoxanthine in stool metabolites of newborn mice. In human neonates with biliary atresia, the fecal microbiome signature of these bacteria is under-represented, with suppression of glutamate/glutamine and increased hypoxanthine pathways. The direct administration of butyrate or glutamine to newborn mice attenuates the disease phenotype, but only glutamine renders bile duct epithelial cells resistant to cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Thus, maternal intake of butyrate influences the fecal microbial population and metabolites in newborn mice and the phenotypic expression of experimental biliary atresia, with glutamine promoting survival of bile duct epithelial cells. The pathogenesis of biliary atresia remains poorly understood. Here, the authors report that maternal butyrate treatment alters the gut microbiome and glutamine/hypoxanthine metabolites similar to human subjects, and suppresses biliary atresia in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Junbae Jee
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Yang
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Pranavkumar Shivakumar
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Pei-Pei Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Reena Mourya
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Unmesha Thanekar
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Pu Yu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, 710003, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Western China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongkang Pan
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, 710003, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430015, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xufei Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430015, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongqin Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518038, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518038, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Jin
- Department of Pediatric General Thoracic and Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanmei Liu
- Department of Pediatric General Thoracic and Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 529000, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Nicholas J Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Shao-Tao Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Jorge A Bezerra
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and The Liver Care Center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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6
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Lin DP, Jin YL, Hu DY, Ying SJ, Jiang Y. Influence of TRAIL Deficiency on Th17 Cells and Colonic Microbiota in Experimental Colitis Mouse Model. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:188-197. [PMID: 33932348 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormalities of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) are implicated in various autoimmune disorders and tumors. This study investigated the influence of TRAIL deficiency on Th17 cells and colonic microbiota in experimental colitis mouse model. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: wild-type, TRAIL gene knock-out (TRAIL-/-), wild-type colitis and TRAIL-/- colitis groups. Colitis was induced by oral administration of 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 consecutive days. Mice were given scores for disease severity both clinically and histopathologically. Th17 cells in peripheral blood and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were assessed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of Th17 cell markers IL-17A and ROR-γt were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The colonic samples were also analyzed for microbiota profile by 16s-rDNA gene sequencing on variable V4 region. RESULTS Compared with wild-type counterparts, TRAIL-/- mice developed more severe colitis after DSS treatment. Colitis TRAIL-/- mice had increased proportion of Th17 cells and elevated mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and ROR-γt in peripheral blood and MLNs compared with colitis wild-type mice. In contrast to colitis wild-type mice, the composition of colonic microbiota was shifted in colitis TRAIL-/- mice, and was characterized by increased alpha diversity, increased TM7, deferribacteres and tenericutes, and decreased proteobacteria at the phylum level. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that TRAIL deficiency not only aggravated DSS-induced colitis, but also led to enhanced Th17 cell response and altered colonic microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Po Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Li Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ding-Yuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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7
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Lee YM, Seo SH, Cho SY, Choi DH, Cheon MW, Kim HY, Youn DH, Pak SC, Son HS, Na CS. Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Combined Treatment Attenuates Colitis in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:965-982. [PMID: 33827383 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the efficacy of a combined treatment of Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) and acupuncture (CV12, ST25, CV4) on colitis induced by dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS). Changes in immuno-mediated factors and metabolites were investigated. Colitis symptoms such as body weight loss and elevated disease activity index were alleviated by the combined treatment. Moreover, treatment with JGT and acupuncture restored the disturbed architecture of colon by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels of IFN-[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] < 0.05), IL-5 ([Formula: see text] < 0.05), and IL-13 ([Formula: see text] < 0.0001) compared with the DSS group. Analysis of metabolic profiles of serum revealed that treatment groups were clearly separated from the DSS group, suggesting that JGT and acupuncture treatment altered serum metabolites. Furthermore, treatments caused opposite metabolite patterns for dimethylbenzimidazole, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, proline, phosphate, glycolic acid, aspartic acid, tryptophan, phthalic acid, ornithine, and glutamic acid compared with the DSS group. The combined treatment group induced more effective metabolite patterns than the JGT group, implying that acupuncture treatment can restore metabolic changes caused by DSS induction. These results indicate that the simultaneous treatment of JGT administration and acupuncture procedure provides better management of the immune function and inflammatory expression of colitis than a single treatment. It is assumed that intestinal microbial control can be achieved by acupuncture stimulation as well as by taking herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Seo
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
| | - Seong-Young Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Cheon
- Department of Health Administration, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- College of Korean Medicine Daegu Haany University Daegu 42158, Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Youn
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Hong-Seok Son
- Department of Food Biosciences and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
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8
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Diederen K, Li JV, Donachie GE, de Meij TG, de Waart DR, Hakvoort TBM, Kindermann A, Wagner J, Auyeung V, Te Velde AA, Heinsbroek SEM, Benninga MA, Kinross J, Walker AW, de Jonge WJ, Seppen J. Exclusive enteral nutrition mediates gut microbial and metabolic changes that are associated with remission in children with Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18879. [PMID: 33144591 PMCID: PMC7609694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A nutritional intervention, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) can induce remission in patients with pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). We characterized changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolome to identify the mechanism of EEN. Feces of 43 children were collected prior, during and after EEN. Microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and NMR. Selected metabolites were evaluated in relevant model systems. Microbiota and metabolome of patients with CD and controls were different at all time points. Amino acids, primary bile salts, trimethylamine and cadaverine were elevated in patients with CD. Microbiota and metabolome differed between responders and non-responders prior to EEN. EEN decreased microbiota diversity and reduced amino acids, trimethylamine and cadaverine towards control levels. Patients with CD had reduced microbial metabolism of bile acids that partially normalized during EEN. Trimethylamine and cadaverine inhibited intestinal cell growth. TMA and cadaverine inhibited LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion by primary human monocytes. A diet rich in free amino acids worsened inflammation in the DSS model of intestinal inflammation. Trimethylamine, cadaverine, bile salts and amino acids could play a role in the mechanism by which EEN induces remission. Prior to EEN, microbiota and metabolome are different between responders and non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Diederen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC & VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jia V Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tim G de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC & VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk R de Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus B M Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Kindermann
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC & VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Wagner
- Pathogen Genomics Group, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Victoria Auyeung
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anje A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid E M Heinsbroek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC & VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James Kinross
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alan W Walker
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 69, 1105BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Singh S, Arthur S, Sundaram U. Mechanisms of Regulation of Transporters of Amino Acid Absorption in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:673-686. [PMID: 32163200 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal absorption of dietary amino acids/peptides is essential for protein homeostasis, which in turn is crucial for maintaining health as well as restoration of health from significant diseases. Dietary amino acids/peptides are absorbed by unique transporter processes present in the brush border membrane of absorptive villus cells, which line the entire length of the intestine. To date, the only nutrient absorptive system described in the secretory crypt cells in the mammalian intestine is the one that absorbs the amino acid glutamine. Majority of the amino acid transporters are sodium dependent and therefore require basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase to maintain an efficient transcellular Na gradient for their activity. These transport processes are tightly regulated by various cellular and molecular mechanisms that facilitate their optimal activity during normal physiological processes. Malabsorption of amino acids, recently described in pathophysiological states such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is undoubtedly responsible for the debilitating symptoms of IBD such as malnutrition, weight loss and ultimately a failure to thrive. Also recently, in vivo models of IBD and in vitro studies have demonstrated that specific immune-inflammatory mediators/pathways regulate specific amino acid transporters. This provides possibilities to derive novel nutrition and immune-based treatment options for conditions such as IBD. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:673-686, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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10
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van Sadelhoff JHJ, Hogenkamp A, Wiertsema SP, Harthoorn LF, Loonstra R, Hartog A, Garssen J. A free amino acid-based diet partially prevents symptoms of cow's milk allergy in mice after oral sensitization with whey. Immun Inflamm Dis 2020; 8:93-105. [PMID: 32031763 PMCID: PMC7016843 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid-based formulas (AAFs) are used for the dietary management of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Whether AAFs have the potential to prevent the development and/or symptoms of CMA is not known. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the preventive effects of an amino acid (AA)-based diet on allergic sensitization and symptoms of CMA in mice and aimed to provide insight into the underlying mechanism. METHODS C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized with whey protein or with phosphate-buffered saline as sham-sensitized control. Starting 2 weeks before sensitization, mice were fed with either a protein-based diet or an AA-based diet with an AA composition based on that of the AAF Neocate, a commercially available AAF prescribed for the dietary management of CMA. Upon challenge, allergic symptoms, mast cell degranulation, whey-specific immunoglobulin levels, and FoxP3+ cell counts in jejunum sections were assessed. RESULTS Compared to mice fed with the protein-based diet, AA-fed mice had significantly lower acute allergic skin responses. Moreover, the AA-based diet prevented the whey-induced symptoms of anaphylaxis and drop in body temperature. Whereas the AA-based diet had no effect on the levels of serum IgE and mucosal mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1), AA-fed mice had significantly lower serum IgG2a levels and tended to have lower IgG1 levels (P = .076). In addition, the AA-based diet prevented the whey-induced decrease in FoxP3+ cells. In sham-sensitized mice, no differences between the two diets were observed in any of the tested parameters. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that an AA-based diet can at least partially prevent allergic symptoms of CMA in mice. Differences in FoxP3+ cell counts and serum levels of IgG2a and IgG1 may suggest enhanced anti-inflammatory and tolerizing capacities in AA-fed mice. This, combined with the absence of effects in sham-sensitized mice indicates that AAFs for the prevention of food allergies may be an interesting concept that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris H. J. van Sadelhoff
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Anita Hartog
- CeO ImmunologyDanone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- CeO ImmunologyDanone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
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11
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Gough EK, Moulton LH, Mutasa K, Ntozini R, Stoltzfus RJ, Majo FD, Smith LE, Panic G, Giallourou N, Jamell M, Kosek P, Swann JR, Humphrey JH, Prendergast AJ. Effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene and improved complementary feeding on environmental enteric dysfunction in children in rural Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007963. [PMID: 32059011 PMCID: PMC7046282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) may be an important modifiable cause of child stunting. We described the evolution of EED biomarkers from birth to 18 months in rural Zimbabwe and tested the independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF), on EED. Methodology and findings The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial was a 2x2 factorial cluster-randomised trial of improved IYCF and improved WASH on child stunting and anaemia at 18 months of age. 1169 infants born to HIV-negative mothers provided plasma and faecal specimens at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of age. We measured EED biomarkers that reflect all domains of the hypothesized pathological pathway. Markers of intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation declined over time, while markers of microbial translocation and systemic inflammation increased between 1–18 months. Markers of intestinal damage (I-FABP) and repair (REG-1β) mirrored each other, and citrulline (a marker of intestinal epithelial mass) increased from 6 months of age, suggesting dynamic epithelial turnover and regeneration in response to enteric insults. We observed few effects of IYCF and WASH on EED after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The WASH intervention decreased plasma IGF-1 at 3 months (β:0.89, 95%CI:0.81,0.98) and plasma kynurenine at 12 months (β: 0.92, 95%CI:0.87,0.97), and increased plasma IGF-1 at 18 months (β:1.15, 95%CI:1.05,1.25), but these small WASH effects did not translate into improved growth. Conclusions Overall, we observed dynamic trends in EED but few effects of IYCF or WASH on biomarkers during the first 18 months after birth, suggesting that these interventions did not impact EED. Transformative WASH interventions are required to prevent or ameliorate EED in low-income settings. Child stunting remains a global health challenge rooted in an intergenerational cycle of poor health, reduced neurodevelopment and poverty. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired condition of the small intestine likely resulting from frequent faecal-oral microbial exposure, which is hypothesized to underlie stunting. We found dynamic changes in EED biomarkers between 1 and 18 months of age in a cohort of rural Zimbabwean infants, suggesting a complex developmental period of intestinal maturation, adaptation and response to environmental insults. Randomized improved infant and young child feeding, and improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions had no meaningful impact on EED. Greater investment in transformative WASH is needed to prevent EED in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan K. Gough
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lawrence H. Moulton
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kuda Mutasa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Robert Ntozini
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Rebecca J. Stoltzfus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Florence D. Majo
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Laura E. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Gordana Panic
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jamell
- Pain Care Specialists of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Peter Kosek
- Pain Care Specialists of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jean H. Humphrey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrew J. Prendergast
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Dietary Supplemental Glutamine Enhances the Percentage of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Subjected to Hind Limb Ischemia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3153186. [PMID: 32104148 PMCID: PMC7040416 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether glutamine (GLN) pretreatment can enhance circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and attenuate inflammatory reaction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice with limb ischemia. Mice were assigned to a normal control (NC), high-fat control (HC), limb ischemia (HI), and GLN limb ischemia (HG) groups. The NC group provided chow diet and treated as a negative control. Mice in the HC and HI groups were fed a high-fat diet which 60% energy provided by fat for 8 weeks. Mice in the HG group were fed the same diet for 4 weeks and then transferred to a high-fat diet with 25% of total protein nitrogen provided as GLN to replace part of the casein for the subsequent 4 weeks. After feeding 8 weeks, mice in the HC group were sham-operated, while the HI and HG groups underwent an operation to induce limb ischemia. All mice except the NC group were euthanized on either day 1 or 7 after the operation. The results showed that the 8 weeks' high-fat diet feeding resulted in obesity. The HG group had higher circulating EPCs on day 1 while muscle vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene expressions were higher on day 7 postischemia than those of the HI group. The superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content in affected muscles were higher, whereas mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower in the HG than those in the HI group. These findings suggest that obese mice pretreated with GLN-supplemented high-fat diet increased circulating EPC percentage, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and attenuated inflammatory reactions in response to limb ischemia.
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13
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Krupek T, Ferrari BJW, Silva MARCPD, Schamber CR, Bertolini DA, Bruschi ML, Previdelli ITS, Pereira OCN, Dias JRC, Curi R, Bazotte RB. Effervescent Glutamine Formulation Improves the Beneficial Effects of Antiretroviral Therapies on Immune Function in HIV/AIDS Carrier Patients. J Med Food 2019; 23:485-490. [PMID: 31634026 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of oral supplementation with an effervescent glutamine formulation on the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies was evaluated in people living with HIV/AIDS. For this purpose, 12 HIV/AIDS carrier patients with CD4+ T cell counts <500, and who had received the same antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year before starting this investigation were selected. The patients were required to dissolve the effervescent glutamine formulation (supplied in sachets) in water immediately before oral ingestion (12.4 g), once a day, after lunch or after dinner during 30 days. CD4+ T cell counts, complete blood cell counts, serum cytokines, and amino acids levels were quantified; biochemical and toxicological measurements were performed. The numbers of CD4+ T cells were increased (P < .05), and the serum C-reactive protein levels decreased (P < .01) after the administration of effervescent glutamine formulation. Serum levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were decreased after the treatment with effervescent glutamine formulation. No changes were observed in the serum levels of amino acids, hematological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the treatment during 30 days with effervescent glutamine formulation was well tolerated, promoted reduction of inflammation, and improved the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies in HIV/AIDS carrier patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuane Krupek
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Armando Bertolini
- Postgraduate Programs in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | - Omar Cleo Neves Pereira
- Postgraduate Programs in Biostatistics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Colleti Dias
- Public Service Health Care for Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Aids Center of Maringá City, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Roberto Barbosa Bazotte
- Postgraduate Programs in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
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14
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Brown MN, Walters DC, Schmidt MA, Hill J, McConnell A, Jansen EEW, Salomons GS, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Gibson KM, Roullet JB. Maternal glutamine supplementation in murine succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, a disorder of γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:1030-1039. [PMID: 31032972 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Murine succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) manifests with high concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and low glutamine in the brain. To understand the pathogenic contribution of central glutamine deficiency, we exposed aldh5a1-/- (SSADHD) mice and their genetic controls (aldh5a1+/+ ) to either a 4% (w/w) glutamine-containing diet or a glutamine-free diet from conception until postnatal day 30. Endpoints included brain, liver and blood amino acids, brain GHB, ataxia scores, and open field testing. Glutamine supplementation did not improve aldh5a1-/- brain glutamine deficiency nor brain GABA and GHB. It decreased brain glutamate but did not change the ratio of excitatory (glutamate) to inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters. In contrast, glutamine supplementation significantly increased brain arginine (30% for aldh5a1+/+ and 18% for aldh5a1-/- mice), and leucine (12% and 18%). Glutamine deficiency was confirmed in the liver. The test diet increased hepatic glutamate in both genotypes, decreased glutamine in aldh5a1+/+ but not in aldh5a1-/- , but had no effect on GABA. Dried bloodspot analyses showed significantly elevated GABA in mutants (approximately 800% above controls) and decreased glutamate (approximately 25%), but no glutamine difference with controls. Glutamine supplementation did not impact blood GABA but significantly increased glutamine and glutamate in both genotypes indicating systemic exposure to dietary glutamine. Ataxia and pronounced hyperactivity were observed in aldh5a1-/- mice but remained unchanged by the diet intervention. The study suggests that glutamine supplementation improves peripheral but not central glutamine deficiency in experimental SSADHD. Future studies are needed to fully understand the pathogenic role of brain glutamine deficiency in SSADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn N Brown
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Dana C Walters
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Michelle A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | - Erwin E W Jansen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center & Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU University Medical Center & Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erland Arning
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, Texas
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, Texas
| | - K Michael Gibson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Jean-Baptiste Roullet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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15
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Li J, Zuo L, Tian Y, He Y, Zhang Z, Guo P, Ge Y, Hu J. Spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice was ameliorated via inhibiting glutaminase1. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5632-5641. [PMID: 31211512 PMCID: PMC6653008 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity imbalance and barrier damage in the intestinal mucosa are the main pathogenic factors of Crohn's disease (CD). Bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) is a glutaminase 1 (Gls1) inhibitor with the dual functions of increasing glutamine levels and immune regulation. In this study, we focused on the role of BPTES in CD‐like enteritis and the possible mechanisms. We found that Gls1 expression was significantly increased in CD intestinal tissue compared with control tissue. Bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide treatment significantly ameliorated chronic colitis in the IL‐10−/−, as manifested by decreased disease activity index, body weight change, histological inflammatory degree and inflammatory cytokine expression. Bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide treatment exerted protective effects on CD that were associated with the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and the Th/Treg balance. Bis‐2‐(5‐phenylacetamido‐1,2,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl) ethyl sulfide treatment may act in part through TCR‐mediated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling activation. In conclusion, inhibition of Gls1 expression attenuated chronic colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and the Th/Treg balance, thereby ameliorating CD‐like colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University Cancer Center, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan He
- Clinical Medicine of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Pu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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16
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Effects of prophylactic administration of glutamine on CD4 + T cell polarisation and kidney injury in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:657-665. [PMID: 31182172 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of glutamine (GLN) pretreatment on CD4+ T cell polarisation and remote kidney injury in mice with gut-derived polymicrobial sepsis. Mice were randomly assigned to three groups: normal control fed with American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet and two sepsis groups provided with either AIN-93G-based diet or identical components, except part of casein was replaced by GLN. Mice were given their respective diets for 2 weeks. Then, mice in the sepsis groups were performed with caecal ligation and puncture and were killed 72 h after the surgery. Blood, spleens and kidneys were collected for further examination. The results showed that sepsis resulted in decreased circulating and splenic total T lymphocyte and CD4+ T cell percentages, whereas IL-4-, and forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)-expressing CD4+ T cells percentages were up-regulated. Compared with the sepsis control group, pretreatment with GLN maintained blood T and CD4+ T cells and reduced percentages of IL-4- and Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T cells. Also, a more pronounced activation and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression of splenic CD4+ T cells were observed. Concomitant with the decreased plasma IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) levels, the gene expression of KC, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and renal injury biomarker kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) were down-regulated when GLN was administered. These findings suggest that antecedent of GLN administration elicit a more balanced blood T helper cell polarisation, sustained T cell populations, prevented splenic CD4+ T cell apoptosis and attenuated kidney injury at late phase of polymicrobial sepsis. GLN may have benefits in subjects at risk of abdominal infection.
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17
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Moreno Ayala MA, Li Z, DuPage M. Treg programming and therapeutic reprogramming in cancer. Immunology 2019; 157:198-209. [PMID: 30866047 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment is the major challenge impeding cancer immunotherapy today. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are prevalent in nearly all cancers and, as immunosuppressive regulators of immune responses, they are the principal opponents of cancer immunotherapy. However, disabling Tregs systemically causes severe autoimmune toxicity, hastening the need for more selective methods to target intratumoural Tregs. In this review, we discuss a burgeoning new modality to specifically target tumour-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) by reprogramming their functionality from immunosuppressive to immune stimulatory within tumours. As the basis for therapeutic selectivity of TI-Tregs, we will focus on the defining features of Tregs within cancer: their highly activated state controlled by the engagement of key surface receptors, their distinct metabolic programme, and their unique transcriptional programme. By identifying proteins and pathways that distinguish TI-Tregs from other Tregs in the body, as well as from the beneficial antitumour effector T-cells within tumours, we highlight mechanisms to selectively reprogramme TI-Tregs for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela A Moreno Ayala
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zehui Li
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michel DuPage
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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18
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Liu X, Yu X, Xu X, Zhang X, Zhang X. The protective effects of Poria cocos-derived polysaccharide CMP33 against IBD in mice and its molecular mechanism. Food Funct 2019; 9:5936-5949. [PMID: 30378628 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01604f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of a carboxymethyl polysaccharide CMP33 from Poria cocos against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated using TNBS-induced colitis in mice. The results showed that CMP33 markedly ameliorated the severity of colitis, including a 2-fold decrease in the mortality rate, a 50% decrease in disease activity index, and a 36%-44% decrease in macro- or microscopic histopathological score, compared with TNBS administration. Moreover, CMP33 decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue and serum of colitic mice. Using iTRAQ-coupled- nano-HPLC-MS/MS-based proteomics, the protein profiles after TNBS, high- or low-dose CMP33 and salazosulfapyridine (SASP) treatments were compared and many differentially expressed proteins were identified. Among them, 7 proteins (Hmgcs2, Fabp2, Hp, B4galnt2, B3gnt6, Sap and Ca1) were proposed to be the common targeting protein group (TPG) of CMP33 and drug SASP. Particularly, some targeting proteins were CMP33-dose-specific: high-dose-specific TPG (Mtco3, Gal-6, Mptx, S100 g and Hpx) and low-dose-specific TPG (Zg16, Hexb, Insl5, Cept1, Hspb6 and Ifi27l2b), suggesting the complex acting mechanism of CMP33. GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics revealed that oleic acid and dihydrotestosterone could be the common targets of CMP33 and SASP. By integrative analysis of proteomics and metabolomics, key protein-metabolite pathways (PMP) were identified, PMP for high-dose: 2-hydroxybutyric acid - (GPT, GGH) - glutathione - ALB - testosterone - TTR - dihydrotestosterone; PMP for low-dose: (PYY, FABP2, HMGCS2) - oleic acid - TTR - dihydrotestosterone. In total, these results demonstrated the protective effects of CMP33 against IBD in mice through the potential TPG and PMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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19
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Hu X, Deng J, Yu T, Chen S, Ge Y, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Ying H, Zhai Q, Chen Y, Yuan F, Niu Y, Shu W, Chen H, Ma C, Liu Z, Guo F. ATF4 Deficiency Promotes Intestinal Inflammation in Mice by Reducing Uptake of Glutamine and Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1098-1111. [PMID: 30452920 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) regulates genes involved in the inflammatory response, amino acid metabolism, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We investigated whether its activity is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and mice with enterocolitis. METHODS We obtained biopsy samples during endoscopy from inflamed and/or uninflamed regions of the colon from 21 patients with active Crohn's disease (CD), 22 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), and 38 control individuals without IBD and of the ileum from 19 patients with active CD and 8 individuals without IBD in China. Mice with disruption of Atf4 specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (Atf4ΔIEC mice) and Atf4-floxed mice (controls) were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis. Some mice were given injections of recombinant defensin α1 (DEFA1) and supplementation of l-alanyl-glutamine or glutamine in drinking water. Human and mouse ileal and colon tissues were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, and immunohistochemistry. Serum and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) amino acids were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Levels of ATF4 were knocked down in IEC-18 cells with small interfering RNAs. Microbiomes were analyzed in ileal feces from mice by using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. RESULTS Levels of ATF4 were significantly decreased in inflamed intestinal mucosa from patients with active CD or active UC compared with those from uninflamed regions or intestinal mucosa from control individuals. ATF4 was also decreased in colonic epithelia from mice with colitis vs mice without colitis. Atf4ΔIEC mice developed spontaneous enterocolitis and colitis of greater severity than control mice after administration of DSS. Atf4ΔIEC mice had decreased serum levels of glutamine and reduced levels of antimicrobial peptides, such as Defa1, Defa4, Defa5, Camp, and Lyz1, in ileal Paneth cells. Atf4ΔIEC mice had alterations in ileal microbiomes compared with control mice; these changes were reversed by administration of glutamine. Injections of DEFA1 reduced the severity of spontaneous enteritis and DSS-induced colitis in Atf4ΔIEC mice. We found that expression of solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5), a glutamine transporter, was directly regulated by ATF4 in cell lines. Overexpression of SLC1A5 in IEC-18 or primary IEC cells increased glutamine uptake and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Knockdown of ATF4 in IEC-18 cells increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, whereas overexpression of SLC1A5 in the knockdown cells reduced cytokine expression. Levels of SLC1A5 were decreased in inflamed intestinal mucosa of patients with CD and UC and correlated with levels of ATF4. CONCLUSIONS Levels of ATF4 are decreased in inflamed intestinal mucosa from patients with active CD or UC. In mice, ATF4 deficiency reduces glutamine uptake by intestinal epithelial cells and expression of antimicrobial peptides by decreasing transcription of Slc1a5. ATF4 might therefore be a target for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weigang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Lei CS, Wu JM, Lee PC, Kuo TC, Chen PD, Hou YC, Yeh SL, Lin MT. Antecedent Administration of Glutamine Benefits the Homeostasis of CD4 + T Cells and Attenuates Lung Injury in Mice With Gut-Derived Polymicrobial Sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:927-936. [PMID: 30714626 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a syndrome with CD4+ T-cell dysfunction and dysregulation of T helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Glutamine (Gln) is a nutrient with immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of dietary Gln pretreatment on Th and Treg cell homeostasis and lung injury in mice with gut-derived polymicrobial sepsis. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 2 control (C and G) and 2 sepsis groups (SC and SG). The C and SC groups were fed a common semipurified diet, whereas the G and SG groups received an identical diet except that part of the casein was replaced by Gln. Mice were administered these diets for 2 weeks. Then mice in the control groups underwent a sham operation, whereas operations in the sepsis groups were performed with cecal ligation and puncture. Mice were killed 24 hours after the surgery. Blood, spleens, and lungs were collected for further examination. RESULTS Sepsis resulted in a decreased blood T-lymphocyte percentage, whereas percentages of interferon-γ-expressing, interleukin (IL)-4-expressing, and IL-17-expressing CD4+ T cells were upregulated. Compared with the SC group, Gln administration before sepsis reduced blood Th1, Th2, and Th17 but increased Treg percentages. Also, percentages of CD69-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the spleen increased. Concomitant with the decreased plasma IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine levels, the SG group exhibited a lower injury score of the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with Gln may elicit more balanced Th polarization, alleviate inflammatory response, and attenuate lung injury induced by polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cing-Syuan Lei
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chu Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Da Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hou
- Master Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ling Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Gaifem J, Gonçalves LG, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Cunha C, Carvalho A, Torrado E, Rodrigues F, Saraiva M, Castro AG, Silvestre R. L-Threonine Supplementation During Colitis Onset Delays Disease Recovery. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1247. [PMID: 30233416 PMCID: PMC6134202 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrients have emerged as potential therapeutic adjuncts for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) given their impact on intestinal homeostasis through the modulation of immune response, gut microbiota composition and epithelial barrier stability. Several nutrients have already been associated with a protective phenotype. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge toward the most promising ones as well as the most adequate phase of action. To unveil the most prominent therapy candidates we characterized the colon metabolic profile during colitis development. We have observed a twofold decrease in threonine levels in mice subjected to DSS-induced colitis. We then assessed the effect of threonine supplementation in the beginning of the inflammatory process (DSS + Thr) or when inflammation is already established (DSS + Thr D8). Colitis progression was similar between the treated groups and control colitic mice, yet threonine had a surprisingly detrimental effect when administered in the beginning of the disease, with mice displaying a delayed recovery when compared to control mice and mice supplemented with threonine after day 8. Although no major changes were found in their metabolic profile, DSS + Thr mice displayed altered expression in mucin-encoding genes, as well as in goblet cell counts, unveiling an impaired ability to produce mucus. Moreover, IL-22 secretion was decreased in DSS + Thr mice when compared to DSS + Thr D8 mice. Overall, these results suggest that supplementation with threonine during colitis induction impact goblet cell number and delays the recovery period. This reinforces the importance of a deeper understanding regarding threonine supplementation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gaifem
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luís G Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J Dinis-Oliveira
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, CESPU, CRL, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal.,UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António G Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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22
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Hu YM, Hsiung YC, Pai MH, Yeh SL. Glutamine Administration in Early or Late Septic Phase Downregulates Lymphocyte PD-1/PD-L1 Expression and the Inflammatory Response in Mice With Polymicrobial Sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28633555 DOI: 10.1177/0148607117695245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe inflammatory response to infection. Excessive compensation to inflammation leads to dysregulated immune response that ultimately results in organ damage and lethality of sepsis. This study administered glutamine (GLN) in the early or late phase of sepsis to investigate its effects on regulating leukocyte programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-L1]) expression, macrophage function, inflammation, and acute kidney injury in sepsis. METHODS Mice were randomly assigned to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham-operated groups. Septic mice were respectively injected once with saline or 0.75 g GLN/kg body weight at 3 or 10 hours post-CLP via tail vein. All mice were sacrificed 24 hours after CLP. RESULTS Sepsis enhanced the percentage of interferon-γ-expressing and interleukin (IL)-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells, expression of PD-1 on T cells, and PD-L1 on B cells and monocytes. Inflammatory mediator messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in kidney tissues and proapoptotic caspase-3 mRNA expression in mesenteric lymph nodes were also upregulated. GLN administration decreased plasma IL-6 level, downregulated the percentage of IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells, attenuated macrophage dysfunction, decreased caspase-3 mRNA expression, and reduced PD-1/PD-L1 expression by T and B cells. Histological findings also showed that kidney damage was attenuated. GLN administered at 3 and 10 hours after CLP offered nearly equal effects on PD-1/PD-L1 and inflammatory mediator expression after CLP. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a single dose of GLN administration in either the early or late phase during sepsis promotes a more balanced immune regulation and reduced systemic and kidney inflammatory responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Hu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsiung
- Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Hui Pai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Ling Yeh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Liu Y, Wang X, Hu CAA. Therapeutic Potential of Amino Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090920. [PMID: 28832517 PMCID: PMC5622680 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and is difficult to treat. The pathophysiology of IBD is multifactorial and not completely understood, but genetic components, dysregulated immune responses, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators are known to be involved. Animal models of IBD can be chemically induced, and are used to study etiology and to evaluate potential treatments of IBD. Currently available IBD treatments can decrease the duration of active disease but because of their adverse effects, the search for novel therapeutic strategies that can restore intestinal homeostasis continues. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known of the effects of amino acids on the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death in the gut when IBD is present. Recent studies in animal models have identified dietary amino acids that improve IBD, but amino acid supplementation may not be adequate to replace conventional therapy. The animal models used in dietary amino acid research in IBD are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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24
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Kim MH, Kim H. The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051051. [PMID: 28498331 PMCID: PMC5454963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, is a major substrate utilized by intestinal cells. The roles of glutamine in intestinal physiology and management of multiple intestinal diseases have been reported. In gut physiology, glutamine promotes enterocyte proliferation, regulates tight junction proteins, suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and protects cells against apoptosis and cellular stresses during normal and pathologic conditions. As glutamine stores are depleted during severe metabolic stress including trauma, sepsis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, glutamine supplementation has been examined in patients to improve their clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of glutamine for intestinal health and its underlying mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the current evidence for the efficacy of glutamine supplementation in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyun Kim
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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25
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Ren W, Wang K, Yin J, Chen S, Liu G, Tan B, Wu G, Bazer FW, Peng Y, Yin Y. Glutamine-Induced Secretion of Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Mechanistic Perspective. Front Immunol 2016; 7:503. [PMID: 27933057 PMCID: PMC5121228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is one important line of defense in the intestinal mucosal surface to protect the intestinal epithelium from enteric toxins and pathogenic microorganisms. Multiple factors, such as intestinal microbiota, intestinal cytokines, and nutrients are highly involved in production of SIgA in the intestine. Recently, glutamine has been shown to affect intestinal SIgA production; however, the underlying mechanism by which glutamine stimulates secretion of intestinal SIgA is unknown. Here, we review current knowledge regarding glutamine in intestinal immunity and show that glutamine-enhanced secretion of SIgA in the intestine may involve intestinal microbiota, intestinal antigen sampling and presentation, induction pathways for SIgA production by plasma cells (both T-dependent and T-independent pathway), and even transport of SIgA. Altogether, the glutamine-intestinal SIgA axis has broad therapeutic implications for intestinal SIgA-associated diseases, such as celiac disease, allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research (IAR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha , China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha , China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX , USA
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Dietary glutamine supplementation enhances endothelial progenitor cell mobilization in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice subjected to limb ischemia. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:86-94. [PMID: 27865159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with increased risk of vascular diseases. Tissue ischemia may occur with diabetic vascular complications. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) constitute a reparative response to ischemic injury. This study investigated the effects of oral glutamine (GLN) supplementation on circulating EPC mobilization and expression of tissue EPC-releasing markers in diabetic mice subjected to limb ischemia. Diabetes was induced by a daily intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin for 5 days. Diabetic mice were divided into 2 nonischemic groups and 6 ischemic groups. One of the nonischemic and 3 ischemic groups were fed the control diet, while the remaining 4 groups received diets with identical components except that part of the casein was replaced by GLN. The respective diets were fed to the mice for 3 weeks, and then the nonischemic mice were sacrificed. Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was created in the ischemic groups, and mice were sacrificed at 1, 7 or 21 days after ischemia. Their blood and ischemic muscle tissues were collected for further analyses. Results showed that plasma matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 and the circulating EPC percentage increased after limb ischemia in a diabetic condition. Compared to groups without GLN, GLN supplementation up-regulated plasma stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and muscle MMP-9, SDF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression. The CD31-immunoreactive intensities were also higher in the ischemic limb. These findings suggest that GLN supplementation enhanced circulating EPC mobilization that may promote endothelium repair at ischemic tissue in diabetic mice subjected to limb ischemia.
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27
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Ananieva EA, Powell JD, Hutson SM. Leucine Metabolism in T Cell Activation: mTOR Signaling and Beyond. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:798S-805S. [PMID: 27422517 PMCID: PMC4942864 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In connection with the increasing interest in metabolic regulation of the immune response, this review discusses current advances in understanding the role of leucine and leucine metabolism in T lymphocyte (T cell) activation. T cell activation during the development of an immune response depends on metabolic reprogramming to ensure that sufficient nutrients and energy are taken up by the highly proliferating T cells. Leucine has been described as an important essential amino acid and a nutrient signal that activates complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1), which is a critical regulator of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. The role of leucine in these processes is further discussed in relation to amino acid transporters, leucine-degrading enzymes, and other metabolites of leucine metabolism. A new model of T cell regulation by leucine is proposed and outlines a chain of events that leads to the activation of mTORC1 in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa A Ananieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA;
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Susan M Hutson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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28
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Chung MY, Hwang JT, Kim JH, Shon DH, Kim HK. Sarcodon aspratus Extract Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mouse Colon and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1301-8. [PMID: 27074537 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms have been previously investigated for their immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory properties. We examined whether the anti-inflammatory properties of Sarcodon aspratus ethanol extract (SAE) could elicit protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo. Male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: control (CON; n = 8), DSS-treated (DSS; n = 9), DSS+SAE at 50 mg/kg BW (SAE50; n = 8), and DSS+SAE at 200 mg/kg BW groups (SAE200; n = 9). DSS treatment induced significant weight loss, which was significantly recovered by SAE200. Although SAE did not affect DSS-mediated reductions in colon length, it improved diarrhea and rectal bleeding induced by DSS. SAE at 200 mg/kg BW significantly attenuated IL-6 and enhanced IL-10 expression in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and significantly reduced IL-6 levels in splenocytes. SAE200 also significantly attenuated DSS-induced increase in IL-6 and IL-1β, and reductions in IL-10 in colon tissue. High levels of SAE were also observed to significantly decrease inflammatory COX-2 expression that was upregulated by DSS in mice colon. These findings may have relevance for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate inflammatory bowel disease-relevant inflammatory responses, via the direct and indirect anti-inflammatory activity of SAE. We also found that SAE harbors significant quantities of total fiber and β-glucan, suggesting a possible role for these components in protection against DSS-mediated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chung
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Shon
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ku Kim
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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