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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BA, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176537. [PMID: 38194268 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we found that, during the first 24 hours of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulated in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response - including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN - was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac J Lucas
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology and
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan M Sheridan
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Glennys V Reynoso
- Viral Immunity & Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Aspen Martin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity & Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth Aj Tamburini
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology and
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Kim D, Tian W, Wu TTH, Xiang M, Vinh R, Chang JL, Gu S, Lee S, Zhu Y, Guan T, Schneider EC, Bao E, Dixon JB, Kao P, Pan J, Rockson SG, Jiang X, Nicolls MR. Abnormal Lymphatic Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Aggravates Lymphatic Dysfunction and Tissue Inflammation. Circulation 2023; 148:1231-1249. [PMID: 37609838 PMCID: PMC10592179 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphedema is a global health problem with no effective drug treatment. Enhanced T-cell immunity and abnormal lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) signaling are promising therapeutic targets for this condition. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) mediates a key signaling pathway required for normal LEC function, and altered S1P signaling in LECs could lead to lymphatic disease and pathogenic T-cell activation. Characterizing this biology is relevant for developing much needed therapies. METHODS Human and mouse lymphedema was studied. Lymphedema was induced in mice by surgically ligating the tail lymphatics. Lymphedematous dermal tissue was assessed for S1P signaling. To verify the role of altered S1P signaling effects in lymphatic cells, LEC-specific S1pr1-deficient (S1pr1LECKO) mice were generated. Disease progression was quantified by tail-volumetric and -histopathologic measurements over time. LECs from mice and humans, with S1P signaling inhibition, were then cocultured with CD4 T cells, followed by an analysis of CD4 T-cell activation and pathway signaling. Last, animals were treated with a monoclonal antibody specific to P-selectin to assess its efficacy in reducing lymphedema and T-cell activation. RESULTS Human and experimental lymphedema tissues exhibited decreased LEC S1P signaling through S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1). LEC S1pr1 loss-of-function exacerbated lymphatic vascular insufficiency, tail swelling, and increased CD4 T-cell infiltration in mouse lymphedema. LECs, isolated from S1pr1LECKO mice and cocultured with CD4 T cells, resulted in augmented lymphocyte differentiation. Inhibiting S1PR1 signaling in human dermal LECs promoted T-helper type 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) cell differentiation through direct cell contact with lymphocytes. Human dermal LECs with dampened S1P signaling exhibited enhanced P-selectin, an important cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated vascular cells. In vitro, P-selectin blockade reduced the activation and differentiation of Th cells cocultured with shS1PR1-treated human dermal LECs. P-selectin-directed antibody treatment improved tail swelling and reduced Th1/Th2 immune responses in mouse lymphedema. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that reduction of the LEC S1P signaling aggravates lymphedema by enhancing LEC adhesion and amplifying pathogenic CD4 T-cell responses. P-selectin inhibitors are suggested as a possible treatment for this pervasive condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeon Kim
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen Tian
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Timothy Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford Bio-X, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Menglan Xiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan Vinh
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason Lon Chang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shenbiao Gu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Torrey Guan
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emilie Claire Schneider
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Evan Bao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Peter Kao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Xinguo Jiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark Robert Nicolls
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BAJ, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.561615. [PMID: 37873393 PMCID: PMC10592756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.561615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we find that during the first 24 h of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulates in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response, including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN, was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, we find that antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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Nathanson SD, Dieterich LC, Zhang XHF, Chitale DA, Pusztai L, Reynaud E, Wu YH, Ríos-Hoyo A. Associations amongst genes, molecules, cells, and organs in breast cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023:10.1007/s10585-023-10230-w. [PMID: 37688650 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a cross fertilization of ideas about the importance of molecular aspects of breast cancer metastasis by basic scientists, a pathologist, and clinical oncologists at the Henry Ford Health symposium. We address four major topics: (i) the complex roles of lymphatic endothelial cells and the molecules that stimulate them to enhance lymph node and systemic metastasis and influence the anti-tumor immunity that might inhibit metastasis; (ii) the interaction of molecules and cells when breast cancer spreads to bone, and how bone metastases may themselves spread to internal viscera; (iii) how molecular expression and morphologic subtypes of breast cancer assist clinicians in determining which patients to treat with more or less aggressive therapies; (iv) how the outcomes of patients with oligometastases in breast cancer are different from those with multiple metastases and how that could justify the aggressive treatment of these patients with the hope of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S David Nathanson
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lajos Pusztai
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emma Reynaud
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Kim D, Tian W, Wu TTH, Xiang M, Vinh R, Chang J, Gu S, Lee S, Zhu Y, Guan T, Schneider EC, Bao E, Dixon JB, Kao P, Pan J, Rockson SG, Jiang X, Nicolls MR. Abnormal lymphatic S1P signaling aggravates lymphatic dysfunction and tissue inflammation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.08.23291175. [PMID: 37398237 PMCID: PMC10312855 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.23291175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphedema is a global health problem with no effective drug treatment. Enhanced T cell immunity and abnormal lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) signaling are promising therapeutic targets for this condition. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) mediates a key signaling pathway required for normal LEC function, and altered S1P signaling in LECs could lead to lymphatic disease and pathogenic T cell activation. Characterizing this biology is relevant for developing much-needed therapies. METHODS Human and mouse lymphedema was studied. Lymphedema was induced in mice by surgically ligating the tail lymphatics. Lymphedematous dermal tissue was assessed for S1P signaling. To verify the role of altered S1P signaling effects in lymphatic cells, LEC-specific S1pr1 -deficient ( S1pr1 LECKO ) mice were generated. Disease progression was quantified by tail-volumetric and -histopathological measurements over time. LECs from mice and humans, with S1P signaling inhibition, were then co-cultured with CD4 T cells, followed by an analysis of CD4 T cell activation and pathway signaling. Finally, animals were treated with a monoclonal antibody specific to P-selectin to assess its efficacy in reducing lymphedema and T cell activation. RESULTS Human and experimental lymphedema tissues exhibited decreased LEC S1P signaling through S1PR1. LEC S1pr1 loss-of-function exacerbated lymphatic vascular insufficiency, tail swelling, and increased CD4 T cell infiltration in mouse lymphedema. LECs, isolated from S1pr1 LECKO mice and co-cultured with CD4 T cells, resulted in augmented lymphocyte differentiation. Inhibiting S1PR1 signaling in human dermal LECs (HDLECs) promoted T helper type 1 and 2 (Th1 and Th2) cell differentiation through direct cell contact with lymphocytes. HDLECs with dampened S1P signaling exhibited enhanced P-selectin, an important cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated vascular cells. In vitro , P-selectin blockade reduced the activation and differentiation of Th cells co-cultured with sh S1PR1 -treated HDLECs. P-selectin-directed antibody treatment improved tail swelling and reduced Th1/Th2 immune responses in mouse lymphedema. CONCLUSION This study suggests that reduction of the LEC S1P signaling aggravates lymphedema by enhancing LEC adhesion and amplifying pathogenic CD4 T cell responses. P-selectin inhibitors are suggested as a possible treatment for this pervasive condition. Clinical Perspective What is New?: Lymphatic-specific S1pr1 deletion exacerbates lymphatic vessel malfunction and Th1/Th2 immune responses during lymphedema pathogenesis. S1pr1 -deficient LECs directly induce Th1/Th2 cell differentiation and decrease anti-inflammatory Treg populations. Peripheral dermal LECs affect CD4 T cell immune responses through direct cell contact.LEC P-selectin, regulated by S1PR1 signaling, affects CD4 T cell activation and differentiation.P-selectin blockade improves lymphedema tail swelling and decreases Th1/Th2 population in the diseased skin.What Are the Clinical Implications?: S1P/S1PR1 signaling in LECs regulates inflammation in lymphedema tissue.S1PR1 expression levels on LECs may be a useful biomarker for assessing predisposition to lymphatic disease, such as at-risk women undergoing mastectomyP-selectin Inhibitors may be effective for certain forms of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongeon Kim
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen Tian
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Timothy Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford Bio-X, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Menglan Xiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan Vinh
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason Chang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shenbiao Gu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Torrey Guan
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emilie Claire Schneider
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Evan Bao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Peter Kao
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Xinguo Jiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark Robert Nicolls
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Arroz-Madeira S, Bekkhus T, Ulvmar MH, Petrova TV. Lessons of Vascular Specialization From Secondary Lymphoid Organ Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Circ Res 2023; 132:1203-1225. [PMID: 37104555 PMCID: PMC10144364 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, harbor highly specialized and compartmentalized niches. These niches are optimized to facilitate the encounter of naive lymphocytes with antigens and antigen-presenting cells, enabling optimal generation of adaptive immune responses. Lymphatic vessels of lymphoid organs are uniquely specialized to perform a staggering variety of tasks. These include antigen presentation, directing the trafficking of immune cells but also modulating immune cell activation and providing factors for their survival. Recent studies have provided insights into the molecular basis of such specialization, opening avenues for better understanding the mechanisms of immune-vascular interactions and their applications. Such knowledge is essential for designing better treatments for human diseases given the central role of the immune system in infection, aging, tissue regeneration and repair. In addition, principles established in studies of lymphoid organ lymphatic vessel functions and organization may be applied to guide our understanding of specialization of vascular beds in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arroz-Madeira
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Maria H. Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
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Bekkhus T, Olofsson A, Sun Y, Magnusson PU, Ulvmar MH. Stromal transdifferentiation drives lipomatosis and induces extensive vascular remodeling in the aging human lymph node. J Pathol 2023; 259:236-253. [PMID: 36367235 PMCID: PMC10108032 DOI: 10.1002/path.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) lipomatosis is a common but rarely discussed phenomenon associated with aging that involves a gradual exchange of the LN parenchyma into adipose tissue. The mechanisms behind these changes and the effects on the LN are unknown. We show that LN lipomatosis starts in the medullary regions of the human LN and link the initiation of lipomatosis to transdifferentiation of LN fibroblasts into adipocytes. The latter is associated with a downregulation of lymphotoxin beta expression. We also show that isolated medullary and CD34+ fibroblasts, in contrast to the reticular cells of the T-cell zone, display an inherently higher sensitivity for adipogenesis. Progression of lipomatosis leads to a gradual loss of the medullary lymphatic network, but at later stages, collecting-like lymphatic vessels are found inside the adipose tissue. The stromal dysregulation includes a dramatic remodeling and dilation of the high endothelial venules associated with reduced density of naïve T-cells. Abnormal clustering of plasma cells is also observed. Thus, LN lipomatosis causes widespread stromal dysfunction with consequences for the immune contexture of the human LN. Our data warrant an increased awareness of LN lipomatosis as a factor contributing to decreased immune functions in the elderly and in disease. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Bekkhus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria H Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Extracellular Vesicles Are Important Mediators That Regulate Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis via the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021362. [PMID: 36674900 PMCID: PMC9865533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles with a lipid bilayer structure, and they are secreted by various cells in the body. EVs interact with and modulate the biological functions of recipient cells by transporting their cargoes, such as nucleic acids and proteins. EVs influence various biological phenomena, including disease progression. They also participate in tumor progression by stimulating a variety of signaling pathways and regulating immune system activation. EVs induce immune tolerance by suppressing CD8+ T-cell activation or polarizing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype, which results in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Moreover, immune checkpoint molecules are also expressed on the surface of EVs that are secreted by tumors that express these molecules, allowing tumor cells to not only evade immune cell attack but also acquire resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. During tumor metastasis, EVs contribute to microenvironmental changes in distant organs before metastatic lesions appear; thus, EVs establish a premetastatic niche. In particular, lymph nodes are adjacent organs that are connected to tumor lesions via lymph vessels, so that tumor cells metastasize to draining lymph nodes at first, such as sentinel lymph nodes. When EVs influence the microenvironment of lymph nodes, which are secondary lymphoid tissues, the immune response against tumor cells is weakened; subsequently, tumor cells spread throughout the body. In this review, we will discuss the association between EVs and tumor progression via the immune system as well as the clinical application of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Prozorova TM, Zhulkevych IV, Andreychyn SM, Korylchuk NI, Hanberher II, Riabokon SS, Kamyshnyi AM. EXPERIMENTAL GESTATIONAL DIABETES DISRUPTS THE FORMATION OF IMMUNE TOLERANCE IN OFFSPRING. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:115-121. [PMID: 36883499 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202301116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To analyze the mRNA gene expression level of Aire, Deaf1, Foxp3, Ctla4, Il10, Nlrp3 and distribution of NLRP3+-cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of the offspring of rats with GD, both untreated and treated with glibenclamide and in conditions of insulin oral tolerance formation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The study involves 160 male rats, one- or six-month-old. The mRNA genes expression was studied by real time quantitative poly¬merase chain reaction. Structure of Nlrp3+ -cells population was studied by histological sections of MLNs. RESULTS Results: We observed AIRE gene repression, reduced mRNA levels of Deaf1 and the transcription factor Foxp3 in offspring of rats with GD. This was accompanied by inhibition of IL-10 gene expression and negative costimulatory molecules Ctla4. The development of the experimental GD was accompanied by transcrip¬tional induction of the Nlrp3 gene in MLNs of descendants. The administration of glibenclamide to pregnant female rats with GD inhibited the transcription of the Nlrp3 gene only in one-month-old offspring (5.3-fold) and did not change it in six-month-old animals. In offspring of rats with GD, the density of the NLRP3+-lymphocyte population in the MLNs increased, more pronounced in one-month-old animals. The administration of glibenclamide to pregnant rats with GD reduced the number of NLRP3+ -lymphocytes only in one-month-old offspring (by 33.0 %), whereas this index in six month-old offspring even increased. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Experimental prenatal hyperglycemia leads to increased proinflammatory signaling and violation of peripheral immunological tolerance formation more pronounced at one month of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor V Zhulkevych
- I. HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, TERNOPIL, UKRAINE
| | | | | | - Irina I Hanberher
- I. HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, TERNOPIL, UKRAINE
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The Lymphatic Endothelium in the Context of Radioimmuno-Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010021. [PMID: 36612017 PMCID: PMC9817924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of lymphatic tumor vasculature has been gaining interest in the context of cancer immunotherapy. These vessels constitute conduits for immune cells' transit toward the lymph nodes, and they endow tumors with routes to metastasize to the lymph nodes and, from them, toward distant sites. In addition, this vasculature participates in the modulation of the immune response directly through the interaction with tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and indirectly through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes and tumor cells. Radiotherapy constitutes the therapeutic option for more than 50% of solid tumors. Besides impacting transformed cells, RT affects stromal cells such as endothelial and immune cells. Mature lymphatic endothelial cells are resistant to RT, but we do not know to what extent RT may affect tumor-aberrant lymphatics. RT compromises lymphatic integrity and functionality, and it is a risk factor to the onset of lymphedema, a condition characterized by deficient lymphatic drainage and compromised tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide evidence of RT's effects on tumor vessels, particularly on lymphatic endothelial cell physiology and immune properties. We will also explore the therapeutic options available so far to modulate signaling through lymphatic endothelial cell receptors and their repercussions on tumor immune cells in the context of cancer. There is a need for careful consideration of the RT dosage to come to terms with the participation of the lymphatic vasculature in anti-tumor response. Here, we provide new approaches to enhance the contribution of the lymphatic endothelium to radioimmuno-oncology.
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Zhao J, Jung S, Li X, Li L, Kasinath V, Zhang H, Movahedi SN, Mardini A, Sabiu G, Hwang Y, Saxena V, Song Y, Ma B, Acton SE, Kim P, Madsen JC, Sage PT, Tullius SG, Tsokos GC, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Delivery of costimulatory blockade to lymph nodes promotes transplant acceptance in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159672. [PMID: 36519543 PMCID: PMC9754003 DOI: 10.1172/jci159672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is the primary site of alloimmunity activation and regulation during transplantation. Here, we investigated how fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) facilitate the tolerance induced by anti-CD40L in a murine model of heart transplantation. We found that both the absence of LNs and FRC depletion abrogated the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging murine heart allograft survival. Depletion of FRCs impaired homing of T cells across the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and promoted formation of alloreactive T cells in the LNs in heart-transplanted mice treated with anti-CD40L. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the LNs showed that anti-CD40L promotes a Madcam1+ FRC subset. FRCs also promoted the formation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing anti-CD40L were selectively delivered to the LNs by coating them with MECA-79, which binds to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) glycoproteins expressed exclusively by HEVs. Treatment with these MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs markedly delayed the onset of heart allograft rejection and increased the presence of Tregs. Finally, combined MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs and rapamycin treatment resulted in markedly longer allograft survival than soluble anti-CD40L and rapamycin. These data demonstrate that FRCs are critical to facilitating costimulatory blockade. LN-targeted nanodelivery of anti-CD40L could effectively promote heart allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Said N. Movahedi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad Mardini
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilhan Kim
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Immunomodulatory Responses of Subcapsular Sinus Floor Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153602. [PMID: 35892863 PMCID: PMC9330828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs), composed of lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and stromal cells, are highly relevant for tumor immunity and the efficacy of immunotherapies. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) represent an important stromal cell type within LNs, and several distinct subsets of LECs that interact with various immune cells and regulate immune responses have been identified. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize LECs from LNs draining B16F10 melanomas compared to non-tumor-draining LNs. Several upregulated genes with immune-regulatory potential, especially in LECs lining the subcapsular sinus floor (fLECs), were identified and validated. Interestingly, some of these genes, namely, podoplanin, CD200, and BST2, affected the adhesion of macrophages to LN LECs in vitro. Congruently, lymphatic-specific podoplanin deletion led to a decrease in medullary sinus macrophages in tumor-draining LNs in vivo. In summary, our data show that tumor-derived factors induce transcriptional changes in LECs of the draining LNs, especially the fLECs, and that these changes may affect tumor immunity. We also identified a new function of podoplanin, which is expressed on all LECs, in mediating macrophage adhesion to LECs and their correct localization in LN sinuses.
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Abstract
The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential transport system for fluids, biomolecules and cells between peripheral tissues and the central circulation. Consequently, it is required for normal body physiology but is also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, most notably cancer. The important role of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenesis in the formation of lymph node metastasis has been elucidated during the last two decades, whereas the underlying mechanisms and the relation between lymphatic and peripheral organ dissemination of cancer cells are incompletely understood. Lymphatic vessels are also important for tumor-host communication, relaying molecular information from a primary or metastatic tumor to regional lymph nodes and the circulatory system. Beyond antigen transport, lymphatic endothelial cells, particularly those residing in lymph node sinuses, have recently been recognized as direct regulators of tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness, presenting tumor antigens and expressing several immune-modulatory signals including PD-L1. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in this rapidly evolving field and highlight strategies and challenges of therapeutic targeting of lymphatic vessels or specific lymphatic functions in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Alderfer L, Hall E, Hanjaya-Putra D. Harnessing biomaterials for lymphatic system modulation. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:34-45. [PMID: 34118451 PMCID: PMC9113193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an integral part in regulating immune cell trafficking and the transport of macromolecules. However, its influence on disease progression and drug uptake is understood less than that of the vascular system. To bridge this knowledge gap, biomaterials can be used to investigate the lymphatic system and to provide novel understanding into complex disease processes, including cancer metastasis and inflammation. Insight gained from these mechanistic studies can be further used to design innovative biomaterials to modulate the immune system, improve drug delivery, and promote tissue regeneration. This review article focuses on recent advances in (i) biomaterials used for lymphatic vessel formation, (ii) models for studying lymphatic-immune cells interactions, (iii) pharmaceuticals and their interactions with the lymphatic system, (iv) and strategies for drug delivery via the lymphatic system. Finally, several challenges regarding adopting biomaterials for immunomodulation and future perspectives are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The lymphatic system plays an integral part in regulating immune cell trafficking and the transport of macromolecules. However, its influence on disease progression and drug uptake is understood less than that of the vascular system. This review article focuses on recent progresses in biomaterials to investigate the lymphatic system and to provide novel understanding into complex disease states. Insight gained from these mechanistic studies can be further used to design innovative biomaterials to modulate the immune system, improve drug delivery, and promote tissue regeneration. Finally, a number of challenges in adopting biomaterials for immunomodulation and future perspectives are discussed.
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15
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-675tomkjw'); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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16
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-62v2kivtk' or 159=(select 159 from pg_sleep(9))--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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17
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6w8jpumgz'); waitfor delay '0:0:18' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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18
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6' and 2*3*8=6*8 and 'q4ng'='q4ng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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19
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1); waitfor delay '0:0:18' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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20
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6inyod6yy'); waitfor delay '0:0:0' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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21
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6uo9qdmbo' or 900=(select 900 from pg_sleep(15))--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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22
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6xjcyx5xp'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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23
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6kliwx55t'; waitfor delay '0:0:0' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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24
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-60"xor(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))xor"z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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25
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6jpd2wffe'); waitfor delay '0:0:9' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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26
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 PMCID: PMC8371859 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn’s disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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27
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-60'xor(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(15),0))xor'z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6" and 2*3*8=6*8 and "1plv"="1plv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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29
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6xkcvwszk'); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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30
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1 waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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31
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-60"xor(if(now()=sysdate(),sleep(9),0))xor"z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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32
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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33
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6'||'] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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34
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6f9cyjbik')); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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35
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6algupclm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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36
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6-1); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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37
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6y8xz2ym5')); waitfor delay '0:0:0' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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38
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6fqqx42pj'; waitfor delay '0:0:9' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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39
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-64yudfa9k'; waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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40
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6uldec7js')); waitfor delay '0:0:15' --] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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41
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Hokari R, Tomioka A. The role of lymphatics in intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:25. [PMID: 34404493 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00175-6%' and 2*3*8=6*8 and 'qtjh'!='qtjh%] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature returns filtered interstitial arterial fluid and tissue metabolites to the blood circulation. It also plays a major role in lipid absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphatic vascular defects have been revealed in inflammatory diseases, Crohn's disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss lymphatic structure and function within the gut, such as dietary lipid absorption, the transport of antigens and immune cells to lymph nodes, peripheral tolerance, and lymphocyte migration from secondary lymphoid tissues to the lymphatics and the immune systems. We also discuss the potential roles of these lymphatics on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and as new targets for therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Akira Tomioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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42
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Cousin N, Cap S, Dihr M, Tacconi C, Detmar M, Dieterich LC. Lymphatic PD-L1 Expression Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8 + T-cell Responses. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4133-4144. [PMID: 34099493 PMCID: PMC9398148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN)-resident lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) mediate peripheral tolerance by self-antigen presentation on MHC-I and constitutive expression of T-cell inhibitory molecules, including PD-L1 (CD274). Tumor-associated LECs also upregulate PD-L1, but the specific role of lymphatic PD-L1 in tumor immunity is not well understood. In this study, we generated a mouse model lacking lymphatic PD-L1 expression and challenged these mice with two orthotopic tumor models, B16F10 melanoma and MC38 colorectal carcinoma. Lymphatic PD-L1 deficiency resulted in consistent expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining LNs in both tumor models, reduced primary tumor growth in the MC38 model, and increased efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy in the B16F10 model. Strikingly, lymphatic PD-L1 acted primarily by inducing apoptosis in tumor-specific CD8+ central memory T cells. Overall, these findings demonstrate that LECs restrain tumor-specific immunity via PD-L1, which may explain why some patients with cancer without PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment still respond to PD-L1/PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: A new lymphatic-specific PD-L1 knockout mouse model reveals that lymphatic endothelial PD-L1 expression reduces tumor immunity, inducing apoptosis in tumor-specific CD8+ central memory cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Corresponding Author: Lothar C. Dieterich, ETH Zurich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Phone: 41-44-63-37392; Fax: 41-44-63-31344; E-mail:
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43
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Gillot L, Baudin L, Rouaud L, Kridelka F, Noël A. The pre-metastatic niche in lymph nodes: formation and characteristics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5987-6002. [PMID: 34241649 PMCID: PMC8316194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gillot
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Loïc Rouaud
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kridelka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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44
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Gkountidi AO, Garnier L, Dubrot J, Angelillo J, Harlé G, Brighouse D, Wrobel LJ, Pick R, Scheiermann C, Swartz MA, Hugues S. MHC Class II Antigen Presentation by Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Tumors Promotes Intratumoral Regulatory T cell-Suppressive Functions. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:748-764. [PMID: 33952631 PMCID: PMC11095080 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several solid malignancies trigger lymphangiogenesis, facilitating metastasis. Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels significantly contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we have investigated the ability of tumoral lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) to function as MHC class II-restricted antigen-presenting cells in the regulation of antitumor immunity. Using murine models of lymphangiogenic tumors engrafted under the skin, we have shown that tumoral LECs upregulate MHC class II and the MHC class II antigen-processing machinery, and that they promote regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion ex vivo. In mice with LEC-restricted lack of MHC class II expression, tumor growth was severely impaired, whereas tumor-infiltrating effector T cells were increased. Reduction of tumor growth and reinvigoration of tumor-specific T-cell responses both resulted from alterations of the tumor-infiltrating Treg transcriptome and phenotype. Treg-suppressive functions were profoundly altered in tumors lacking MHC class II in LECs. No difference in effector T-cell responses or Treg phenotype and functions was observed in tumor-draining lymph nodes, indicating that MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation by LECs was required locally in the TME to confer potent suppressive functions to Tregs. Altogether, our study suggests that MHC class II-restricted antigen-presenting tumoral LECs function as a local brake, dampening T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and promoting intratumoral Treg-suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia O Gkountidi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Garnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Angelillo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Harlé
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dale Brighouse
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic J Wrobel
- Dermato-Oncology Unit, Division of Dermatology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Pick
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland.
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45
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Sibler E, He Y, Ducoli L, Keller N, Fujimoto N, Dieterich LC, Detmar M. Single-Cell Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Normal and Inflamed Murine Lymph Nodes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061371. [PMID: 34199492 PMCID: PMC8229892 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in immunity and lymph nodes (LNs) undergo drastic remodeling during inflammation. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate transcriptional changes in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in LNs draining naïve and inflamed skin. We found that subsets of LECs lining the different LN sinuses responded individually to skin inflammation, suggesting that they exert distinct functions under pathological conditions. Among the genes dysregulated during inflammation, we confirmed an up-regulation of CD200 in the LECs lining the subcapsular sinus floor with a possible function in immune regulation. Furthermore, by in silico analysis, we predicted numerous possible interactions of LECs with diverse immune cells in the LNs and found similarities in the transcriptional changes of LN LECs in different skin inflammation settings. In summary, we provide an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional landscape of LN LECs in the naïve state and in skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Sibler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.S.); (Y.H.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (L.C.D.)
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.S.); (Y.H.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (L.C.D.)
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.S.); (Y.H.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (L.C.D.)
| | - Nadja Keller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.S.); (Y.H.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (L.C.D.)
| | - Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan;
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.S.); (Y.H.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (L.C.D.)
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (E.S.); (Y.H.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (L.C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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46
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Gago da Graça C, van Baarsen LGM, Mebius RE. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Diversity in Their Development, Composition, and Role. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:273-281. [PMID: 33397741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node stromal cells coordinate the adaptive immune response in secondary lymphoid organs, providing both a structural matrix and soluble factors that regulate survival and migration of immune cells, ultimately promoting Ag encounter. In several inflamed tissues, resident fibroblasts can acquire lymphoid-stroma properties and drive the formation of ectopic aggregates of immune cells, named tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Mature TLSs are functional sites for the development of adaptive responses and, consequently, when present, can have an impact in both autoimmunity and cancer conditions. In this review, we go over recent findings concerning both lymph node stromal cells and TLSs function and formation and further describe what is currently known about their role in disease, particularly their potential in tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gago da Graça
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
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Walsh SM, Sheridan RM, Lucas ED, Doan TA, Ware BC, Schafer J, Fu R, Burchill MA, Hesselberth JR, Tamburini BAJ. Molecular tracking devices quantify antigen distribution and archiving in the murine lymph node. eLife 2021; 10:e62781. [PMID: 33843587 PMCID: PMC8116055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of foreign antigens in vivo has relied on fluorescent conjugation or indirect read-outs such as antigen presentation. In our studies, we found that these widely used techniques had several technical limitations that have precluded a complete picture of antigen trafficking or retention across lymph node cell types. To address these limitations, we developed a 'molecular tracking device' to follow the distribution, acquisition, and retention of antigen in the lymph node. Utilizing an antigen conjugated to a nuclease-resistant DNA tag, acting as a combined antigen-adjuvant conjugate, and single-cell mRNA sequencing, we quantified antigen abundance in the lymph node. Variable antigen levels enabled the identification of caveolar endocytosis as a mechanism of antigen acquisition or retention in lymphatic endothelial cells. Thus, these molecular tracking devices enable new approaches to study dynamic tissue dissemination of antigen-adjuvant conjugates and identify new mechanisms of antigen acquisition and retention at cellular resolution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Ryan M Sheridan
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Thu A Doan
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Brian C Ware
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Johnathon Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Rui Fu
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Matthew A Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Beth Ann Jiron Tamburini
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
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48
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Nadafi R, Gago de Graça C, Keuning ED, Koning JJ, de Kivit S, Konijn T, Henri S, Borst J, Reijmers RM, van Baarsen LGM, Mebius RE. Lymph Node Stromal Cells Generate Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Control Autoreactive T and B Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4110-4123.e4. [PMID: 32209472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Within lymph nodes (LNs), T follicular helper (TFH) cells help B cells to produce antibodies, which can either be protective or autoreactive. Here, we demonstrate that murine LN stromal cells (LNSCs) suppress the formation of autoreactive TFH cells in an antigen-specific manner, thereby significantly reducing germinal center B cell responses directed against the same self-antigen. Mechanistically, LNSCs express and present self-antigens in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, leading to the conversion of naive CD4+ T cells into T regulatory (TREG) cells in an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent manner. Upon blockade of TREG cells, using neutralizing IL-2 antibodies, autoreactive TFH cells are allowed to develop. We conclude that the continuous presentation of self-antigens by LNSCs is critical to generate antigen-specific TREG cells, thereby repressing the formation of TFH cells and germinal center B cell responses. Our findings uncover the ability of LNSCs to suppress the early activation of autoreactive immune cells and maintain peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nadafi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Gago de Graça
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco D Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander de Kivit
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja Konijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Universite, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier M Reijmers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa G M van Baarsen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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49
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Zou M, Wiechers C, Huehn J. Lymph node stromal cell subsets-Emerging specialists for tailored tissue-specific immune responses. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151492. [PMID: 33676241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective priming of adaptive immune responses depends on the precise dispatching of lymphocytes and antigens into and within lymph nodes (LNs), which are strategically dispersed throughout the body. Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has advanced our understanding of lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) from viewing them as mere accessory cells to seeing them as critical cellular players for the modulation of adaptive immune responses. In this review, we summarize current advances on the pivotal roles that LNSCs play in orchestrating adaptive immune responses during homeostasis and infection, and highlight the imprinting of location-specific information by micro-environmental cues into LNSCs, thereby tailoring tissue-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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50
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Huang S, Ziegler CGK, Austin J, Mannoun N, Vukovic M, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, von Andrian UH. Lymph nodes are innervated by a unique population of sensory neurons with immunomodulatory potential. Cell 2020; 184:441-459.e25. [PMID: 33333021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barrier tissue immune responses are regulated in part by nociceptors. Nociceptor ablation alters local immune responses at peripheral sites and within draining lymph nodes (LNs). The mechanisms and significance of nociceptor-dependent modulation of LN function are unknown. Using high-resolution imaging, viral tracing, single-cell transcriptomics, and optogenetics, we identified and functionally tested a sensory neuro-immune circuit that is responsive to lymph-borne inflammatory signals. Transcriptomics profiling revealed that multiple sensory neuron subsets, predominantly peptidergic nociceptors, innervate LNs, distinct from those innervating surrounding skin. To uncover LN-resident cells that may interact with LN-innervating sensory neurons, we generated a LN single-cell transcriptomics atlas and nominated nociceptor target populations and interaction modalities. Optogenetic stimulation of LN-innervating sensory fibers triggered rapid transcriptional changes in the predicted interacting cell types, particularly endothelium, stromal cells, and innate leukocytes. Thus, a unique population of sensory neurons monitors peripheral LNs and may locally regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Huang
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Austin
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Najat Mannoun
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marko Vukovic
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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