1
|
Yusof NY, Quay DHX, Kamaruddin S, Jonet MA, Md Illias R, Mahadi NM, Firdaus-Raih M, Abu Bakar FD, Abdul Murad AM. Biochemical and in silico structural characterization of a cold-active arginase from the psychrophilic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12. Extremophiles 2024; 28:15. [PMID: 38300354 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 is a psychrophilic yeast isolated from Antarctica. In this work, we describe the heterologous production, biochemical properties and in silico structure analysis of an arginase from this yeast (GaArg). GaArg is a metalloenzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The cDNA of GaArg was reversed transcribed, cloned, expressed and purified as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was active against L-arginine as its substrate in a reaction at 20 °C, pH 9. At 10-35 °C and pH 7-9, the catalytic activity of the protein was still present around 50%. Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and K+ were able to enhance the enzyme activity more than two-fold, while GaArg is most sensitive to SDS, EDTA and DTT. The predicted structure model of GaArg showed a very similar overall fold with other known arginases. GaArg possesses predominantly smaller and uncharged amino acids, fewer salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions compared to the other counterparts. GaArg is the first reported arginase that is cold-active, facilitated by unique structural characteristics for its adaptation of catalytic functions at low-temperature environments. The structure and function of cold-active GaArg provide insights into the potentiality of new applications in various biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Doris Huai Xia Quay
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shazilah Kamaruddin
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Anuar Jonet
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, Jalan Bangi Lama, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Muhammad Mahadi
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus-Raih
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berckmans Y, Hoffert Y, Vankerckhoven A, Dreesen E, Coosemans A. Drug Repurposing for Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor-Cell-Generated Immunosuppression in Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review of Potential Candidates. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1792. [PMID: 37513979 PMCID: PMC10385967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The lethality of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) remains high. Current treatment strategies often do not lead to the desired outcome due to the development of therapy resistance, resulting in high relapse rates. Additionally, clinical trials testing immunotherapy against OC have failed to reach significant results to date. The OC tumor microenvironment and specifically myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are known to generate immunosuppression and inhibit the anti-tumor immune response following immunotherapy treatment. Our review aims to characterize potential candidate treatments to target MDSC in OC through drug-repurposing. A literature search identified repurposable compounds with evidence of their suppressing the effect of MDSC. A total of seventeen compounds were withheld, of which four were considered the most promising. Lurbinectedin, metformin, celecoxib, and 5-azacytidine have reported preclinical effects on MDSC and clinical evidence in OC. They have all been approved for a different indication, characterizing them as the most promising candidates for repurposing to treat patients with OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Berckmans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yannick Hoffert
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Vankerckhoven
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Dreesen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith NJ, Maddahfar M, Gunasegaran B, McGuire HM, Fazekas de St Groth B. A High-Throughput Colorimetric Microplate Assay for Determination of Plasma Arginase Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2620:273-286. [PMID: 37010770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2942-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Arginase, an enzyme involved in the urea cycle, is gaining attention as a critical player in numerous chronic pathologies. Additionally, increased activity of this enzyme has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in a range of cancers. Colorimetric assays that measure the conversion of arginine to ornithine have long been used to determine the activity of arginase. However, this analysis is hindered by a lack of standardization across protocols. Here, we describe in detail a novel revision of the Chinard's colorimetric assay used to determine arginase activity. Dilution series of patient plasma are plotted to form a logistic function, from which activity can be interpolated by comparison to an ornithine standard curve. Inclusion of patient dilution series rather than a single point increases the robustness of the assay. This high-throughput microplate assay analyzes 10 samples per plate to produce highly reproducible results.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren Y, Li Z, Li W, Fan X, Han F, Huang Y, Yu Y, Qian L, Xiong Y. Arginase: Biological and Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2419412. [PMID: 36338341 PMCID: PMC9629921 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2419412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Arginase is a ubiquitous enzyme in the urea cycle (UC) that hydrolyzes L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Two mammalian arginase isoforms, arginase1 (ARG1) and arginase2 (ARG2), play a vital role in the regulation of β-cell functions, insulin resistance (IR), and vascular complications via modulating L-arginine metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammatory responses as well as oxidative stress. Basic and clinical studies reveal that abnormal alterations of arginase expression and activity are strongly associated with the onset and development of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. As a result, targeting arginase may be a novel and promising approach for DM treatment. An increasing number of arginase inhibitors, including chemical and natural inhibitors, have been developed and shown to protect against the development of DM and its complications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental features of arginase. Next, the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of arginase in the pathogenesis and progression of DM and its complications are explored. Furthermore, we review the development and discuss the challenges of arginase inhibitors in treating DM and its related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobin Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feifei Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Wang L, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu W, Lv Z, Qian L, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Arginase: shedding light on the mechanisms and opportunities in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:413. [PMID: 36209203 PMCID: PMC9547100 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginase, a binuclear manganese metalloenzyme in the urea, catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-arginine to urea and L-ornithine. Both isoforms, arginase 1 and arginase 2 perform significant roles in the regulation of cellular functions in cardiovascular system, such as senescence, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy, via a variety of mechanisms, including regulating L-arginine metabolism and activating multiple signal pathways. Furthermore, abnormal arginase activity contributes to the initiation and progression of a variety of CVDs. Therefore, targeting arginase may be a novel and promising approach for CVDs treatment. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the physiological and biological roles of arginase in a variety of CVDs, revealing the underlying mechanisms of arginase mediating vascular and cardiac function, as well as shedding light on the novel and promising therapeutic approaches for CVDs therapy in individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziwei Lv
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yi Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen LX, Yang D, Chen RF, Liu DH. Talaromyces marneffei Influences Macrophage Polarization and Sterilization Ability via the Arginine Metabolism Pathway in Vitro. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd210568. [PMID: 35895344 PMCID: PMC9490654 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei, which is endemic across a narrow band of tropical Southeast Asia and southern China, is an intracellular pathogen that causes systemic and lethal infection through the mononuclear phagocyte system. The mechanisms by which T. marneffei successfully replicates and escapes the immune system remain unclear. To investigate the role of arginine metabolism in the escape of T. marneffei from killer macrophages, we assessed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase and phagocytic activity, and the killing of T. marneffei in a coculture system. Our results indicate that T. marneffei induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and regulated the arginine metabolism pathway by prolonging infection, thereby reducing antimicrobial activity and promoting fungal survival. Moreover, inhibiting T. marneffei-induced macrophage arginase activity with Nω-hydroxy-nor-arginine restored NO synthesis and strengthened fungal killing. These findings indicate that T. marneffei affects macrophage polarization and inhibits macrophage antimicrobial function via the arginine metabolism pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-xia Shen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ri-feng Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-hua Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jüttner AA, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Pharmacological developments in antihypertensive treatment through nitric oxide-cGMP modulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:57-94. [PMID: 35659377 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension until now has been directed at inhibition of vasoconstriction, of cardiac contractility and of blood volume regulation. Despite the arsenal of drugs available for this purpose, the control of target blood pressure is still a difficult goal to reach in outpatients. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is one of the most important mediators of vasodilation. It might therefore be a potential and most welcome drug target for optimization of the treatment of hypertension. In this chapter we review the problems that can occur in this signaling system, the attempts that have been made to correct these problems, and those that are still under investigation. Recently developed, clinically safe medicines that are currently approved for other applications, such as myocardial infarction, await to be tested for essential systemic hypertension. We conclude that despite many years of research without translation, stimulation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate is still a viable strategy in the prevention of the health risk posed by chronic hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika A Jüttner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gajecki D, Gawryś J, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Doroszko A. Role of Erythrocytes in Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Paracrine Regulation of Endothelial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050943. [PMID: 35624807 PMCID: PMC9137828 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies provide new data shedding some light on the complex and pivotal role of red blood cells (RBCs) in nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and paracrine regulation of endothelial function. NO is involved in the regulation of vasodilatation, platelet aggregation, inflammation, hypoxic adaptation, and oxidative stress. Even though tremendous knowledge about NO metabolism has been collected, the exact RBCs’ status still requires evaluation. This paper summarizes the actual knowledge regarding the role of erythrocytes as a mobile depot of amino acids necessary for NO biotransformation. Moreover, the complex regulation of RBCs’ translocases is presented with a particular focus on cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) responsible for the NO substrates and derivatives transport. The main part demonstrates the intraerythrocytic metabolism of L-arginine with its regulation by reactive oxygen species and arginase activity. Additionally, the process of nitrite and nitrate turnover was demonstrated to be another stable source of NO, with its reduction by xanthine oxidoreductase or hemoglobin. Additional function of hemoglobin in NO synthesis and its subsequent stabilization in steady intermediates is also discussed. Furthermore, RBCs regulate the vascular tone by releasing ATP, inducing smooth muscle cell relaxation, and decreasing platelet aggregation. Erythrocytes and intraerythrocytic NO metabolism are also responsible for the maintenance of normotension. Hence, RBCs became a promising new therapeutic target in restoring NO homeostasis in cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Muller J, Attia R, Zedet A, Girard C, Pudlo M. An Update on Arginase Inhibitors and Inhibitory Assays. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1963-1976. [PMID: 34967285 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666211229105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arginase, which converts arginine into ornithine and urea, is a promising therapeutic target. Arginase is involved in cardiovascular diseases, parasitic infections and, through a critical role in immunity, in some cancers. There is a need to develop effective arginase inhibitors and therefore efforts to identify and optimize new inhibitors are increasing. Several methods of evaluating arginase activity are available, but few directly measure the product. Radiometric assays need to separate urea and dying reactions require acidic conditions and sometimes heating. Hence, there are a variety of different approaches available, and each approach has its own limits and benefits. In this review, we provide an update on arginase inhibitors, followed by a discussion on available arginase assays and alternative methods, with a focus on the intrinsic biases and parameters that are likely to impact results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Muller
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Rym Attia
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Andy Zedet
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tengbom J, Cederström S, Verouhis D, Böhm F, Eriksson P, Folkersen L, Gabrielsen A, Jernberg T, Lundman P, Persson J, Saleh N, Settergren M, Sörensson P, Tratsiakovich Y, Tornvall P, Jung C, Pernow J. Arginase 1 is upregulated at admission in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Intern Med 2021; 290:1061-1070. [PMID: 34237174 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying rupture of a coronary atherosclerotic plaque and development of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain unresolved. Increased arginase 1 activity leads to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and increased formation of reactive oxygen species due to uncoupling of the NO-producing enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). This contributes to endothelial dysfunction, plaque instability and increased susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that arginase gene and protein expression are upregulated in patients with STEMI. METHODS Two cohorts of patients with STEMI were included. In the first cohort (n = 51), expression of arginase and NO-synthases as well as arginase 1 protein levels were determined and compared to a healthy control group (n = 45). In a second cohort (n = 68), plasma arginase 1 levels and infarct size were determined using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Expression of the gene encoding arginase 1 was significantly elevated at admission and 24-48 h after STEMI but not 3 months post STEMI, in comparison with the control group. Expression of the genes encoding arginase 2 and endothelial NO synthase (NOS3) were unaltered. Arginase 1 protein levels were elevated at admission, 24 h post STEMI and remained elevated for up to 6 months. No significant correlation between plasma arginase 1 protein levels and infarct size was observed. CONCLUSION The markedly increased gene and protein expression of arginase 1 already at admission indicates a role of arginase 1 in the development of STEMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Tengbom
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Cederström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dinos Verouhis
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Böhm
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Gabrielsen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pia Lundman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nawzad Saleh
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Settergren
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder Sörensson
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yahor Tratsiakovich
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tornvall
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John Pernow
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li M, Qin J, Xiong K, Jiang B, Zhang T. Review of arginase as a promising biocatalyst: characteristics, preparation, applications and future challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:651-667. [PMID: 34612104 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1947962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
As a committed step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form l-ornithine and urea. l-Ornithine is essential to: cell proliferation, collagen formation and other physiological functions, while the urea cycle itself converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. Recently, arginase was exploited as an efficient catalyst for the environmentally friendly synthesis of l-ornithine, an abundant nonprotein amino acid that is widely employed as a food supplement and nutrition product. It was also proposed as an arginine-reducing agent in order to treat arginase deficiency and to be a means of depleting arginine to treat arginine auxotrophic tumors. Targeting arginase inhibitors of the arginase/ornithine pathway offers great promise as a therapy for: cardiovascular, central nervous system diseases and cancers with high arginase expression. In this review, recent advances in the characteristics, structure, catalytic mechanism and preparation of arginase were summarized, with a focus being placed on the biotechnical and medical applications of arginase. In particular, perspectives have been presented on the challenges and opportunities for the environmentally friendly utilization of arginase during l-ornithine production and in therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiufu Qin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kai Xiong
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moretto J, Pudlo M, Demougeot C. Human-based evidence for the therapeutic potential of arginase inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:138-147. [PMID: 33197620 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Moretto
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU INCREASE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Verouhis D, Ekström M, Settergren M, Sörensson P, Pernow J, Saleh N. Ticagrelor Does Not Protect Against Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:253-259. [PMID: 33094636 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420968693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticagrelor is a recommended P2Y12 receptor inhibitor after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Its superiority has been suggested to rely on pleiotropic effects beyond platelet inhibition. Experimental studies indicate that ticagrelor may protect from ischemia-reperfusion injury but no data are available from such studies on patients. This study aimed to determine if chronic ticagrelor treatment protects against endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients with a previous ACS. METHODS Patients with a previous ACS were studied with flow mediated dilatation of the left brachial artery to determine the degree of endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury before and after discontinuation of ticagrelor treatment, which had been continuous since 1 year. Each patient underwent 3 identical examinations. The first examination (Visit A) was at the end of ticagrelor treatment and the following 2 (Visit B and C) were after cessation of this treatment with an interval of 2 to 4 weeks. RESULTS Ischemia and reperfusion induced significant impairment of endothelial function at all 3 occasions (absolute decline in flow mediated dilatation 3.0% ± 0.7 at Visit A (P < 0.001), 1.9% ± 0.9 at Visit B (P < 0.05) and 1.9% ± 0.4 at Visit C (P < 0.0001)). However, there was no difference in the degree of endothelial ischemia-reperfusion injury or baseline endothelial function between the visits. CONCLUSION Chronic ticagrelor treatment in patients 1 year after an ACS does not protect against endothelial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Nor is it associated with better basal endothelial function compared to after discontinuation of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinos Verouhis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekström
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Settergren
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder Sörensson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nawzad Saleh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cziráki A, Lenkey Z, Sulyok E, Szokodi I, Koller A. L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide-Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Pathway and the Coronary Circulation: Translation of Basic Science Results to Clinical Practice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569914. [PMID: 33117166 PMCID: PMC7550781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By 1980, it was thought that we already knew most of the major mechanisms regulating vascular tone. However, after the somewhat serendipity discovery that endothelium is involved in mediation of relaxation to acetylcholine, a whole new world opened up and we had to rewrite our concept regarding vascular function and its regulation (not to mention many other fields). The new player was an endothelium derived relaxing factor, which molecular constitution has been identified to be nitric oxide (NO). This review summarizes the major molecular steps concerning how NO is synthetized from L-arginine. Also, the fate of L-arginine is described via the arginase and methylation pathways; both of them are affecting substantially the level and efficacy of NO. In vitro and in vivo effects of L-arginine are summarized and controversial clinical findings are discussed. On the basis of the use of methylated L-arginines, the vasomotor effects of endothelial NO released to agonists and increases in flow/wall shear stress (a major biological stimulus) is summarized. In this review the role of NO in the regulation of coronary vascular resistance, hence blood flow, is delineated and the somewhat questionable clinical use of NO donors is discussed. We made an attempt to summarize the biosynthesis, role, and molecular mechanisms of endogenously produced methylated L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in modulating vascular resistance, affecting the function of the heart. Additionally, the relationship between ADMA level and various cardiovascular diseases is described, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemia/reperfusion injuries, and different types of coronary revascularization. A novel aspect of coronary vasomotor regulation is identified in which the pericardial fluid ADMA and endothelin play putative roles. Finally, some of the open possibilities for future research on L-arginine-NO-ADMA signaling are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Cziráki
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Lenkey
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- Institute of Public Health and Health Promotion, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Szokodi
- Medical School, Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Akos Koller
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Center for Sports Physiology, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lou F, Sun Y, Xu Z, Niu L, Wang Z, Deng S, Liu Z, Zhou H, Bai J, Yin Q, Cai X, Sun L, Wang H, Li Q, Wu Z, Chen X, Gu J, Shi YL, Tao W, Ginhoux F, Wang H. Excessive Polyamine Generation in Keratinocytes Promotes Self-RNA Sensing by Dendritic Cells in Psoriasis. Immunity 2020; 53:204-216.e10. [PMID: 32553276 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is multifactorial. The contributions of cellular metabolism to psoriasis are unclear. Here, we report that interleukin-17 (IL-17) downregulated Protein Phosphatase 6 (PP6) in psoriatic keratinocytes, causing phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor C/EBP-β and subsequent generation of arginase-1. Mice lacking Pp6 in keratinocytes were predisposed to psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Accumulation of arginase-1 in Pp6-deficient keratinocytes drove polyamine production from the urea cycle. Polyamines protected self-RNA released by psoriatic keratinocytes from degradation and facilitated the endocytosis of self-RNA by myeloid dendritic cells to promote toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7)-dependent RNA sensing and IL-6 production. An arginase inhibitor improved skin inflammation in murine and non-human primate models of psoriasis. Our findings suggest that urea cycle hyperreactivity and excessive polyamine generation in psoriatic keratinocytes promote self-RNA sensation and PP6 deregulation in keratinocytes is a pivotal event that amplifies the inflammatory circuits in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenyao Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liman Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhikai Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Siyu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Libo Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qun Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu-Ling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wufan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Honglin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arginase 2 is a mediator of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney through regulation of nitrosative stress. Kidney Int 2020; 98:673-685. [PMID: 32739205 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Following reduced kidney perfusion, the pathological overproduction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species play a substantial role in the development of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Arginase 2 (ARG2) competes with nitric oxide synthase for the same substrate, L-arginine, and is implicated in the regulation of reactive nitrogen species. Therefore, we investigated the role of ARG2 in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury using human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) and a mouse model of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. ARG2 was predominantly expressed in kidney tubules of the cortex, which was increased after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In HK-2 cells, ARG2 was expressed in punctate form in the cytoplasm and upregulated after hypoxia-reoxygenation. ARG2 knockdown reduced the level of reactive oxygen species and 3-nitrotyrosine after hypoxia-reoxygenation injury compared with control siRNA. Consistent with these results, in Arg2 knockout mice, abnormal kidney function and the increased acute tubular necrosis score induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury was significantly reduced without any obvious blood pressure changes. Additionally, an accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine and apoptosis of renal tubule cells were attenuated in Arg2 knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Inhibition of arginase by Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine alleviated kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury like the results found in Arg2 knockout mice. Thus, ARG2 plays a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI by means of nitrosative stress. Hence, an ARG2-specific inhibitor may effectively treat kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
|
17
|
van den Berg MPM, Kurhade SH, Maarsingh H, Erceg S, Hulsbeek IR, Boekema PH, Kistemaker LEM, van Faassen M, Kema IP, Elsinga PH, Dömling A, Meurs H, Gosens R. Pharmacological Screening Identifies SHK242 and SHK277 as Novel Arginase Inhibitors with Efficacy against Allergen-Induced Airway Narrowing In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:62-73. [PMID: 32269169 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase is a potential target for asthma treatment. However, there are currently no arginase inhibitors available for clinical use. Here, a novel class of arginase inhibitors was synthesized, and their efficacy was pharmacologically evaluated. The reference compound 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) and >200 novel arginase inhibitors were tested for their ability to inhibit recombinant human arginase 1 and 2 in vitro. The most promising compounds were separated as enantiomers. Enantiomer pairs SHK242 and SHK243, and SHK277 and SHK278 were tested for functional efficacy by measuring their effect on allergen-induced airway narrowing in lung slices of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs ex vivo. A guinea pig model of acute allergic asthma was used to examine the effect of the most efficacious enantiopure arginase inhibitors on allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), early and late asthmatic reactions (EAR and LAR), and airway inflammation in vivo. The novel compounds were efficacious in inhibiting arginase 1 and 2 in vitro. The enantiopure SHK242 and SHK277 fully inhibited arginase activity, with IC50 values of 3.4 and 10.5 μM for arginase 1 and 2.9 and 4.0 µM for arginase 2, respectively. Treatment of slices with ABH or novel compounds resulted in decreased ovalbumin-induced airway narrowing compared with control, explained by increased local nitric oxide production in the airway. In vivo, ABH, SHK242, and SHK277 protected against allergen-induced EAR and LAR but not against AHR or lung inflammation. We have identified promising novel arginase inhibitors for the potential treatment of allergic asthma that were able to protect against allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reactions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Arginase is a potential drug target for asthma treatment, but currently there are no arginase inhibitors available for clinical use. We have identified promising novel arginase inhibitors for the potential treatment of allergic asthma that were able to protect against allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reactions. Our new inhibitors show protective effects in reducing airway narrowing in response to allergens and reductions in the early and late asthmatic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P M van den Berg
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - S H Kurhade
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - H Maarsingh
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - S Erceg
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - I R Hulsbeek
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - P H Boekema
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - L E M Kistemaker
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - M van Faassen
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - I P Kema
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - P H Elsinga
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - A Dömling
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - H Meurs
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| | - R Gosens
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology (M.P.M.v.d.B., S.E., I.R.H., P.H.B., L.E.M.K., H.Me., R.G.) and Drug Design (S.H.K., A.D.), Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen. Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (M.v.F., I.P.K.), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida (H.Ma.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (P.H.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sundqvist ML, Larsen FJ, Carlström M, Bottai M, Pernow J, Hellénius ML, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. A randomized clinical trial of the effects of leafy green vegetables and inorganic nitrate on blood pressure. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:749-756. [PMID: 32091599 PMCID: PMC7338722 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with lowering of blood pressure (BP), but the nutrient(s) responsible for these effects remain unclear. Research suggests that inorganic nitrate present in leafy green vegetables is converted into NO in vivo to improve cardiovascular function. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the effect of leafy green vegetables on BP in subjects with elevated BP, with the aim of elucidating if any such effect is related to their high nitrate content. DESIGN We enrolled 243 subjects, 50-70 y old, with a clinic systolic BP (SBP) of 130-159 mm Hg. After a 2-wk run-in period on a nitrate-restricted diet the subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the following 3 interventions daily for 5 wk: low-nitrate vegetables + placebo pills, low-nitrate vegetables + nitrate pills (300 mg nitrate), or leafy green vegetables containing 300 mg nitrate + placebo pills. The primary end point measure was the difference in change in 24 h ambulatory SBP between the groups. RESULTS A total of 231 subjects (95%) completed the study. The insignificant change in ambulatory SBP (mean ± standard deviation) was -0.6 ± 6.2 mm Hg in the placebo group, -1.2 ± 6.8 mm Hg in the potassium nitrate group, and -0.5 ± 6.6 mm Hg in the leafy green vegetable group. There was no significant difference in change between the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS A 5-wk dietary supplementation with leafy green vegetables or pills containing the same amount of inorganic nitrate does not decrease ambulatory SBP in subjects with elevated BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02916615.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela L Sundqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Unit Clinical Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai-Lis Hellénius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rafnsson A, Matic LP, Lengquist M, Mahdi A, Shemyakin A, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Gabrielsen A, Hedin U, Yang J, Pernow J. Endothelin-1 increases expression and activity of arginase 2 via ETB receptors and is co-expressed with arginase 2 in human atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis 2020; 292:215-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Semen Cuscutae Administration Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Adiposity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123035. [PMID: 31842363 PMCID: PMC6950589 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since arginase has been shown to compete with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, emerging evidence has reported that arginase inhibition improves obesity by increasing NO production. Semen cuscutae (SC), which is a well-known Chinese medicine, has multiple biological functions such as anti-oxidant function and immune regulation. In this study, we investigated whether the SC as a natural arginase inhibitor influences hepatic lipid abnormalities and whole-body adiposity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by SC treatment in oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. Additionally, SC supplementation substantially lowered HFD-induced increases in arginase activity and weights of liver and visceral fat tissue, while increasing hepatic NO. Furthermore, elevated mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), fatty-acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)1, and PPAR-γ2 in HFD-fed mice were significantly attenuated by SC supplementation. Taken together, SC, as a novel natural arginase inhibitor, showed anti-obesity properties by modulating hepatic arginase and NO production and metabolic pathways related to hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mahdi A, Kövamees O, Pernow J. Improvement in endothelial function in cardiovascular disease - Is arginase the target? Int J Cardiol 2019; 301:207-214. [PMID: 31785959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents an early change in the vascular wall in areas prone to atherosclerotic plaque formation and is present in association with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The underlying mechanisms behind endothelial dysfunction are multifactorial and complex. Arginase has emerged as a key player in the regulation of endothelial integrity by the ability of reciprocally inhibits nitric oxide formation and promoting oxidative stress. A chain of evidence suggest that arginase is implicated in the pathogenesis underlying endothelial dysfunction induced by several cardiovascular risk factors and established cardiovascular disease including diabetes, hypercholesteremia, ischemia/reperfusion, atherosclerosis, obesity, ageing and hypertension. Recent data has unveiled a key role of arginase as one of the key mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in previously overlooked compartments including red blood cells. The current review is devoted to discuss arginase as a key mediator in endothelial dysfunction and the potential for therapeutic possibilities to target this enzyme in various diseases, especially type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion with focus on translational and clinical aspects. Moreover, approaches of how and in which patient group(s) arginase may be targeted in future clinical trials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Kövamees
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moretto J, Girard C, Demougeot C. The role of arginase in aging: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019; 116:54-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
24
|
Ng KP, Manjeri A, Lee LM, Chan ZE, Tan CY, Tan QD, Majeed A, Lee KL, Chuah C, Suda T, Ong ST. The arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-arginine (nor-NOHA) induces apoptosis in leukemic cells specifically under hypoxic conditions but CRISPR/Cas9 excludes arginase 2 (ARG2) as the functional target. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205254. [PMID: 30307989 PMCID: PMC6181325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, including in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), depend on the hypoxic response to persist in hosts and evade therapy. Accordingly, there is significant interest in drugging cancer-specific hypoxic responses. However, a major challenge in leukemia is identifying differential and druggable hypoxic responses between leukemic and normal cells. Previously, we found that arginase 2 (ARG2), an enzyme of the urea cycle, is overexpressed in CML but not normal progenitors. ARG2 is a target of the hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1−α and HIF2−α), and is required for the generation of polyamines which are required for cell growth. We therefore explored if the clinically-tested arginase inhibitor Nω−hydroxy−nor−arginine (nor−NOHA) would be effective against leukemic cells under hypoxic conditions. Remarkably, nor−NOHA effectively induced apoptosis in ARG2-expressing cells under hypoxia but not normoxia. Co-treatment with nor−NOHA overcame hypoxia-mediated resistance towards BCR−ABL1 kinase inhibitors. While nor−NOHA itself is promising in targeting the leukemia hypoxic response, we unexpectedly found that its anti-leukemic activity was independent of ARG2 inhibition. Genetic ablation of ARG2 using CRISPR/Cas9 had no effect on the viability of leukemic cells and their sensitivity towards nor−NOHA. This discrepancy was further evidenced by the distinct effects of ARG2 knockouts and nor−NOHA on cellular respiration. In conclusion, we show that nor−NOHA has significant but off-target anti-leukemic activity among ARG2-expressing hypoxic cells. Since nor−NOHA has been employed in clinical trials, and is widely used in studies on endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression and metabolism, the diverse biological effects of nor−NOHA must be cautiously evaluated before attributing its activity to ARG inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- King Pan Ng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditi Manjeri
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Ming Lee
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhu En Chan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Yee Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiancheng Darren Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A'Qilah Majeed
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Chuah
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - S Tiong Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahdi A, Kövamees O, Checa A, Wheelock CE, von Heijne M, Alvarsson M, Pernow J. Arginase inhibition improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus despite intensive glucose-lowering therapy. J Intern Med 2018; 284:388-398. [PMID: 30151846 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginase is implicated in the pathogenesis behind endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by its inhibition of nitric oxide formation. Strict glycaemic control is not sufficient to improve endothelial function or cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2DM, thus other treatment strategies are needed. We hypothesized that arginase inhibition improves endothelial function beyond glucose-lowering therapy following glucose optimization in patients with poorly controlled T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial function was evaluated in 16 patients with poorly controlled T2DM (visit 1) and 16 age-matched controls using venous occlusion plethysmography. T2DM patients were re-evaluated (visit 2) after intensive glucose-lowering regimen. Endothelium-dependent (EDV) and -independent (EIDV) vasodilatations were evaluated before and after 120 min intra-arterial infusion of the arginase inhibitor N(ω)-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA). HbA1c was reduced from 87 ± 17 (visit 1) to 65 ± 11 mmol mol-1 (visit 2, P < 0.001). Basal EDV, but not EIDV, was significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). EDV and EIDV were unaffected by glucose-lowering regimen in patients with T2DM. Arginase inhibition enhanced EDV in T2DM patients both at visit 1 and visit 2 (P < 0.01). There was no difference in improvement in EDV between the two occasions. EIDV was unaltered by nor-NOHA in T2DM at visit 1, but was slightly improved at visit 2. CONCLUSIONS Arginase inhibition improves endothelial function in patients with poorly controlled T2DM, which is maintained following glucose optimization. Thus, arginase inhibition is a promising therapeutic target beyond glucose lowering for improving endothelial function in T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - O Kövamees
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Checa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M von Heijne
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Alvarsson
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang Y, Chen M, Zhou J, Lv J, Song S, Fu L, Chen J, Yang M, Mei C. Interactions between Macrophages and Cyst-Lining Epithelial Cells Promote Kidney Cyst Growth in Pkd1-Deficient Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2310-2325. [PMID: 30042193 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the leading inherited renal disease worldwide. The proproliferative function of macrophages is associated with late-stage cyst enlargement in mice with PKD; however, the way in which macrophages act on cyst-lining epithelial cells (CLECs) has not been well elucidated. METHODS We generated a rapid-onset PKD mouse model by inactivating Pkd1 on postnatal day 10 (P10) and compared cell proliferation and differential gene expression in kidney tissues of the PKD mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS The cystic phenotype was dominant from P18. A distinct peak in cell proliferation in polycystic kidneys during P22-P30 was closely related to late-stage cyst growth. Comparisons of gene expression profiles in kidney tissues at P22 and P30 in PKD and WT mice revealed that arginine metabolism was significantly activated; 204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including Arg1, an arginine metabolism-associated gene, were identified in late-stage polycystic kidneys. The Arg1-encoded protein, arginase-1 (ARG1), was predominantly expressed in macrophages in a time-dependent manner. Multiple-stage macrophage depletion verified that macrophages expressing high ARG1 levels accounted for late-stage cyst enlargement, and inhibiting ARG1 activity significantly retarded cyst growth and effectively lowered the proliferative indices in polycystic kidneys. In vitro experiments revealed that macrophages stimulated CLEC proliferation, and that L-lactic acid, primarily generated by CLECs, significantly upregulated ARG1 expression and increased polyamine synthesis in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between macrophages and CLECs promote cyst growth. ARG1 is a key molecule involved in this process and is a potential therapeutic target to help delay ADPKD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Nephrology, Kidney Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center of PLA, Beidaihe Sanatorium of PLA, Qinhuangdao, China; and
| | - Meihan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lv
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwei Song
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - LiLi Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejian Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Red Blood Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Impair Cardiac Post-Ischemic Recovery Through an Arginase-Dependent Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Reactive Oxygen Species. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:450-463. [PMID: 30175269 PMCID: PMC6115643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes have increased arginase activity and production of reactive oxygen species. RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes aggravate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Inhibition of arginase in RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes improves post-ischemic myocardial recovery via reduced oxidative stress. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase in RBC reduces oxidative stress and restores post-ischemic myocardial functional recovery. These data demonstrate a novel disease mechanism by which RBC drive post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
This study tested the hypothesis that red blood cell (RBC) arginase represents a potential therapeutic target in ischemia-reperfusion in type 2 diabetes. Post-ischemic cardiac recovery was impaired in hearts from db/db mice compared with wild-type hearts. RBCs from mice and patients with type 2 diabetes attenuated post-ischemic cardiac recovery of nondiabetic hearts. This impaired cardiac recovery was reversed by inhibition of RBCs arginase or nitric oxide synthase. The results suggest that RBCs from type 2 diabetics impair cardiac tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion via a pathway involving arginase activity and nitric oxide synthase-dependent oxidative stress.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABH, 2 (S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid
- KH, Krebs-Henseleit
- L-NAME, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
- LVDP, left ventricular developed pressure
- LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- RBC, red blood cell
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- WT, wild type
- arginase
- dP/dt, the first derivative of left ventricular pressure
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- iNOS, inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase
- nitric oxide synthase
- nor-NOHA, Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine
- reactive oxygen species
- red blood cells
- type 2 diabetes
Collapse
|
28
|
Heidorn M, Frodermann T, Böning A, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Citrulline Improves Early Post-Ischemic Recovery or Rat Hearts In Vitro by Shifting Arginine Metabolism From Polyamine to Nitric Oxide Formation. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2018; 12:1179546818771908. [PMID: 29881319 PMCID: PMC5987901 DOI: 10.1177/1179546818771908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Reperfusion or reopening of occluded vessels is the gold standard to terminate ischemia. However, early functional recovery after reperfusion is often low requiring inotropic intervention. Although catecholamines increase inotropy and chronotropy, they are not the best choice because they increase myocardial oxygen and substrate demand. As nitric oxide (NO) contributes to cardiac function, we tested the hypothesis that addition of citrulline during the onset of reperfusion improves post-ischemic recovery because citrulline can reenter arginine consumption of NO synthases (NOS) but not of arginases. Methods Hearts from adult rats were used in this study, exposed to 45-minute global ischemia and subsequently reperfused for 180 minutes. Citrulline (100 µM) or arginine (100 µM) was added with reperfusion and remained in the perfusion buffer for 180 minutes. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was used to antagonize NOS activity. Results Citrulline increased load-free cell shortening of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes and improved left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) under normoxic conditions, indicating that citrulline can affect heart function. Ischemia/reperfusion caused a constitutive loss of function during 3 hours of reperfusion, whereas citrulline, but not arginine, improved the functional recovery during reperfusion. This effect was attenuated by co-administration of l-NAME. Although citrulline increased the formation of nitrite, l-NAME attenuated this effect indicating again a positive effect of citrulline on NO formation. Citrulline, but not arginine, increased the expression of arginase-1 (protein and mRNA) but l-NAME attenuated this effect again. Collectively, citrulline improved the post-ischemic recovery in an NO-dependent way. Conclusions Citrulline, known to block arginase and to support NO formation, improves the early functional recovery of post-ischemic hearts and may be an alternative to catecholamines to improve early post-ischemic recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Heidorn
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tim Frodermann
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Böning
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen and Herz-, Kinderherz- und Gefäßchirurgie, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caldwell RW, Rodriguez PC, Toque HA, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RB. Arginase: A Multifaceted Enzyme Important in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:641-665. [PMID: 29412048 PMCID: PMC5966718 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The urea cycle provides protection against excess ammonia, while l-ornithine is needed for cell proliferation, collagen formation, and other physiological functions. In mammals, increases in arginase activity have been linked to dysfunction and pathologies of the cardiovascular system, kidney, and central nervous system and also to dysfunction of the immune system and cancer. Two important aspects of the excessive activity of arginase may be involved in diseases. First, overly active arginase can reduce the supply of l-arginine needed for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase. Second, too much l-ornithine can lead to structural problems in the vasculature, neuronal toxicity, and abnormal growth of tumor cells. Seminal studies have demonstrated that increased formation of reactive oxygen species and key inflammatory mediators promote this pathological elevation of arginase activity. Here, we review the involvement of arginase in diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, and central nervous system and cancer and discuss the value of therapies targeting the elevated activity of arginase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ding LY, Chen LM, Wang MZ, Zhang J, Loor JJ, Zhou G, Zhang X, Wang HR. Inhibition of arginase via jugular infusion of N ω-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine inhibits casein synthesis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3514-3523. [PMID: 29397169 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A previous in vitro study revealed that Arg elicits positive effects on casein synthesis through alterations of the Arg-ornithine pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells. The main purpose of this work was to determine the effects of arginase inhibition using Nω-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA) on milk protein synthesis in vivo. Six healthy Chinese Holstein cows with similar body weight (550.0 ± 20 kg; means ± standard deviation), parity (4), body condition score (3.0), milk yield (21.0 ± 1.0 kg), and days in milk (80 ± 2) were selected and randomly assigned to 3 treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 22 d for each period (7 d for infusion and 15 d for washout). The treatments were (1) control: saline infusion; (2) nor-NOHA: infusion of 125 mg/L of nor-NOHA; (3) nor-NOHA + Arg: infusion of 125 mg/L of nor-NOHA with 9.42 g/L of Arg. The activity of enzymes related to Arg metabolism, milk protein synthesis, and expression of AA transporters was determined. The infusion of nor-NOHA decreased the activity of arginase but had no effect on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase and nitric oxide synthase in serum, and these responses were the same at the gene expression level in mammary gland. In addition, the infusion of nor-NOHA also reduced protein and fat synthesis in milk but had no effect on milk yield. When Arg was infused with nor-NOHA, the activity of total arginase, ornithine decarboxylase, and nitric oxide synthase, and the concentration of casein, protein, and fat in milk did not change compared with the nor-NOHA group, but the milk protein yield, the expression of some Arg transporters (SLC7A5 and SLC7A8), and milk yield increased. Overall, results verified previous in vitro findings indicating that synthesis of casein protein is closely regulated by the Arg-ornithine pathway in bovine mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Y Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - L M Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - M Z Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - J Zhang
- The Experimental Farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - G Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - H R Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Toogood PL. Small molecule immuno-oncology therapeutic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:319-329. [PMID: 29326017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer by activation of an antitumor immune response is now a widely practiced and well-accepted approach to therapy. However, despite dramatic responses in some patients, the high proportion of unresponsive patients points to a considerable unmet medical need. Although antibody therapies have led the way, small molecule immuno-oncology agents are close behind. This perspective provides an overview of some of the many small molecule approaches being explored. It encompasses small molecule modulators of validated targets such as programed cell death 1 (PD-1) as well as novel approaches still to be proven clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Toogood
- Lycera Corp., 1350 Highland Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lamuchi-Deli N, Aberomand M, Babaahmadi-Rezaei H, Mohammadzadeh G. Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Zingiber officinale on Arginase I Activity and Expression in the Retina of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 15:e42161. [PMID: 28835766 PMCID: PMC5555732 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.42161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that an increased arginase activity is involved in vascular dysfunction in experimental animals. Zingiber officinale Roscoe, commonly known as ginger, has been widely used in the traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Z. officinale on arginase I activity and expression in the retina of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS In this experimental study, 16 male Wistar rats weighing 200 - 250 g were assessed. Diabetes was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight). The rats were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. Untreated healthy and diabetic controls received 1.5 mL/kg distilled water. Treated diabetic rats received 200, and 400 mg/kg of the Z. officinale extract dissolved in distilled water (1.5 mL/kg). Body weight, blood glucose and insulin concentration were measured by standard methods. The arginase I activity and expression were determined by spectrophotometric and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that blood glucose concentration was significantly decreased in diabetic rats treated with the extract compared to untreated diabetic controls (P < 0.01). Treatment with 400 mg/kg of the extract reduced arginase I activity and expression (P < 0.05). A significant elevation in body weight was observed in diabetic rats treated with the extract. Serum insulin was significantly increased in diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/kg of the extract compared to diabetic controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the Z. officinale hydroalcoholic extract may potentially be a promising therapeutic option for treating diabetes-induced vascular disorders, possibly through reducing arginase I activity and expression in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Lamuchi-Deli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Aberomand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Babaahmadi-Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ghorban Mohammadzadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ghorban Mohammadzadeh, Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-09113436812, Fax: +98-6133332036, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Arginase 2 promotes neurovascular degeneration during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2483. [PMID: 27882947 PMCID: PMC5260867 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness and is involved in various disorders including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, optic neuropathies and retinopathy of prematurity. Neurovascular degeneration is a common feature of these pathologies. Our lab has previously reported that the ureahydrolase arginase 2 (A2) is involved in ischemic retinopathies. Here, we are introducing A2 as a therapeutic target to prevent neurovascular injury after retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. Studies were performed with mice lacking both copies of A2 (A2−/−) and wild-type (WT) controls (C57BL6J). I/R insult was conducted on the right eye and the left eye was used as control. Retinas were collected for analysis at different times (3 h–4 week after injury). Neuronal and microvascular degeneration were evaluated using NeuN staining and vascular digests, respectively. Glial activation was evaluated by glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. Necrotic cell death was studied by propidium iodide labeling and western blot for RIP-3. Arginase expression was determined by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. Retinal function was determined by electroretinography (ERG). A2 mRNA and protein levels were increased in WT I/R. A2 deletion significantly reduced ganglion cell loss and microvascular degeneration and preserved retinal morphology after I/R. Glial activation, reactive oxygen species formation and cell death by necroptosis were significantly reduced by A2 deletion. ERG showed improved positive scotopic threshold response with A2 deletion. This study shows for the first time that neurovascular injury after retinal I/R is mediated through increased expression of A2. Deletion of A2 was found to be beneficial in reducing neurovascular degeneration after I/R.
Collapse
|
34
|
Pudlo M, Demougeot C, Girard-Thernier C. Arginase Inhibitors: A Rational Approach Over One Century. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:475-513. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE - EA4267; University Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kövamees O, Shemyakin A, Pernow J. Amino acid metabolism reflecting arginase activity is increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and associated with endothelial dysfunction. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:354-60. [PMID: 27190086 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116643916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of vascular complication in diabetes. Arginase has emerged as a key mechanism behind endothelial dysfunction by its reciprocal regulation of nitric oxide production by substrate competition. We hypothesized that increased arginase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes shifts the metabolism of l-arginine from nitric oxide synthase to arginase resulting in an increase in the plasma ratio of ornithine/citrulline, and that this ratio is associated with endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Forearm endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and endothelium-independent vasodilatation were determined in 15 patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 healthy controls and related to amino acids reflecting arginase and nitric oxide synthase activity. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients with diabetes had impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and endothelium-independent vasodilatation. The ratios of ornithine/citrulline and proline/citrulline were 60% and 95% higher, respectively, in patients with diabetes than in controls (p < 0.001). The plasma ornithine/arginine ratio was 36% higher in patients with diabetes, indicating increased arginase activity. These ratios were inversely correlated to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and endothelium-independent vasodilatation. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes and macrovascular complications have increased amino acid ratios reflecting a shift in arginine metabolism due to arginase activation. These changes are inversely related to endothelial function supporting that arginase activity contributes to endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kövamees
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Cardiology Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexey Shemyakin
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Cardiology Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Cardiology Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kovamees O, Shemyakin A, Eriksson M, Angelin B, Pernow J. Arginase inhibition improves endothelial function in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia irrespective of their cholesterol levels. J Intern Med 2016; 279:477-84. [PMID: 26707366 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated LDL cholesterol is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, an early event in the development of atherosclerosis, is characterized by a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Arginase has emerged as a key regulator of endothelial function through competition with NO synthase for the common substrate l-arginine. Arginase in endothelial cells is activated by oxidized LDL. The study aim was to investigate the importance of arginase for endothelial dysfunction in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial function was evaluated in 12 patients with heterozygous FH and 12 age-matched healthy normocholesterolaemic subjects using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography. The evaluations in FH patients occurred when they were on lipid-lowering therapy and 4 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) was assessed by intrabrachial artery infusion of serotonin, and endothelium-independent dilatation was assessed by infusion of nitroprusside before and after 120 min administration of the arginase inhibitor N (ω) -hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA; 0.1 mg min(-1)). In FH patients LDL cholesterol increased from 4.3 ± 0.9 mmol L(-1) at baseline to 7.6 ± 1.9 mmol L(-1) at follow-up (P < 0.001). Arginase inhibition enhanced EDV in FH patients by a similar degree independent of lipid-lowering therapy. The improvement in EDV by arginase inhibition was significantly greater in FH patients than in the control group. CONCLUSION Arginase inhibition results in greater improvement in endothelial function in patients with FH compared to healthy controls irrespective of their cholesterol levels. Arginase may be a promising therapeutic target for improving endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Kovamees
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Shemyakin
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Eriksson
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Angelin
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Pernow
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
McGarrity S, Halldórsson H, Palsson S, Johansson PI, Rolfsson Ó. Understanding the Causes and Implications of Endothelial Metabolic Variation in Cardiovascular Disease through Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:10. [PMID: 27148541 PMCID: PMC4834436 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput biochemical profiling has led to a requirement for advanced data interpretation techniques capable of integrating the analysis of gene, protein, and metabolic profiles to shed light on genotype-phenotype relationships. Herein, we consider the current state of knowledge of endothelial cell (EC) metabolism and its connections to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explore the use of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) for integrating metabolic and genomic data. GEMs combine gene expression and metabolic data acting as frameworks for their analysis and, ultimately, afford mechanistic understanding of how genetic variation impacts metabolism. We demonstrate how GEMs can be used to investigate CVD-related genetic variation, drug resistance mechanisms, and novel metabolic pathways in ECs. The application of GEMs in personalized medicine is also highlighted. Particularly, we focus on the potential of GEMs to identify metabolic biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and to discover methods of stratifying treatments for CVDs based on individual genetic markers. Recent advances in systems biology methodology, and how these methodologies can be applied to understand EC metabolism in both health and disease, are thus highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McGarrity
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Haraldur Halldórsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Sirus Palsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Sinopia Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pär I Johansson
- Section for Transfusion Medicine, Capital Region Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chu Y, XiangLi X, Niu H, Wang H, Jia P, Gong W, Wu D, Qin W, Xing C. Arginase inhibitor attenuates pulmonary artery hypertension induced by hypoxia. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 412:91-9. [PMID: 26608181 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) is a refractory disease characterized by increased proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth cells and progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling. The level of nitric oxide (NO), a potential therapeutic vasodilator, is low in PAH patients. L-arginine can be converted to either beneficial NO by nitric oxide synthases or to harmful urea by arginase. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether an arginase inhibitor, S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine ameliorates HPAH in vivo and vitro. In a HPAH mouse model, we assessed right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) by an invasive method, and found that RSVP was elevated under hypoxia, but was attenuated upon arginase inhibition. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were cultured under hypoxic conditions, and their proliferative capacity was determined by cell counting and flow cytometry. The levels of cyclin D1, p27, p-Akt, and p-ERK were detected by RT-PCR or Western blot analysis. Compared to hypoxia group, arginase inhibitor inhibited HPASMCs proliferation and reduced the levels of cyclin D1, p-Akt, p-ERK, while increasing p27 level. Moreover, in mouse models, compared to control group, hypoxia increased cyclin D1 expression but reduced p27 expression, while arginase inhibitor reversed the effects of hypoxia. Taken together, these results suggest that arginase plays an important role in increased proliferation of HPASMCs induced by hypoxia and it is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertensive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YanBiao Chu
- Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 JieFang Rd, Ji'nan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - XiaoYing XiangLi
- Department of Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Niu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ji'nan, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tai Shan Medical College, Ji'nan, 250031, China
| | - HongChao Wang
- Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 JieFang Rd, Ji'nan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - PingDong Jia
- Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 JieFang Rd, Ji'nan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - WenBin Gong
- Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 JieFang Rd, Ji'nan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - DaWei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - WeiDong Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - ChunYan Xing
- Department of Respiration, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 JieFang Rd, Ji'nan, 250013, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang N, Deng J, Wu F, Lu X, Huang L, Zhao M. Expression of arginase I and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes of HIV‑positive patients. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:731-43. [PMID: 26647762 PMCID: PMC4686052 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginase I (Arg I) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are important in regulating immune functions through their metabolites. Previous studies have revealed that the expression of Arg I is increased and the expression of iNOS is reduced in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. As one of the most important immune organs and HIV replication sites, whether similar changes are present in the lymph nodes following HIV infection remains to be elucidated. To investigate this, the present study collected lymph node and blood specimens from 52 HIV-infected patients to measure the expression levels of Arg I and iNOS by immunohistochemistry and fluoresence-based flow cytometry. Compared with control subjects without HIV infection, the patients with HIV had significantly higher expression levels of Arg I in the lymph nodes and higher frequencies of Arg I+ CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the blood and lymph nodes, and these results were contrary the those of iNOS in the corresponding compartments. The expression levels of Arg I in the lymph nodes and blood were negatively associated with peripheral CD4+ T cell count and positively associated with viral load. However, the expression levels of iNOS in the lymph nodes and blood were positively associated with peripheral CD4+ T cell count and negatively associated with viral load. These results showed that alterations in the expression levels of Arg I and iNOS in the peripheral T cells and peripheral nodes of HIV infected patients are associated with disease progression in these patients. These results indicate a potential to therapeutic strategy for delaying disease progression through regulating and manipulating the expression levels of Arg I and iNOS in patients infected with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naichun Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Jianning Deng
- AIDS Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Nanning/Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Fengyao Wu
- AIDS Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Nanning/Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Xiangchan Lu
- AIDS Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Nanning/Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhu M, Goetsch SC, Wang Z, Luo R, Hill JA, Schneider J, Morris SM, Liu ZP. FoxO4 promotes early inflammatory response upon myocardial infarction via endothelial Arg1. Circ Res 2015; 117:967-77. [PMID: 26438688 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammation in post-myocardial infarction (MI) is necessary for myocyte repair and wound healing. Unfortunately, it is also a key component of subsequent heart failure pathology. Transcription factor forkhead box O4 (FoxO4) regulates a variety of biological processes, including inflammation. However, its role in MI remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that FoxO4 promotes early post-MI inflammation via endothelial arginase 1 (Arg1). METHODS AND RESULTS We induced MI in wild-type and FoxO4(-/-) mice. FoxO4(-/-) mice had a significantly higher post-MI survival, better cardiac function, and reduced infarct size. FoxO4(-/-) hearts had significantly fewer neutrophils, reduced expression of cytokines, and competitive nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Arg1. We generated conditional FoxO4 knockout mice with FoxO4 deleted in cardiac mycoytes or endothelial cells. FoxO4 endothelial cell-specific knockout mice showed significant post-MI improvement of cardiac function and reduction of neutrophil accumulation and cytokine expression, whereas FoxO4 cardiac mycoyte-specific knockout mice had no significant difference in cardiac function and post-MI inflammation from those of control littermates. FoxO4 binds the Foxo-binding site in the Arg1 promoter and activates Arg1 transcription. FoxO4 knockdown in human aortic endothelial cells upregulated nitric oxide on ischemia and suppressed monocyte adhesion that can be reversed by ectopic-expression of Arg1. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of Arg1 in wild-type mice had similar cardioprotection and reduced inflammation after MI as FoxO4 inactivation and administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor to FoxO4 KO mice reversed the beneficial effects of FoxO4 deletion on post-MI cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS FoxO4 activates Arg1 transcription in endothelial cells in response to MI, leading to downregulation of nitric oxide and upregulation of neutrophil infiltration to the infarct area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Sean C Goetsch
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Robert Luo
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Jay Schneider
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Sidney M Morris
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.)
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.Z., S.C.G., Z.W., R.L., J.A.H., J.S., Z.-P.L.); and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA (S.M.M.).
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pernow J, Kiss A, Tratsiakovich Y, Climent B. Tissue-specific up-regulation of arginase I and II induced by p38 MAPK mediates endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4684-98. [PMID: 26140333 PMCID: PMC4594272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggests a selective up-regulation of arginase I in diabetes causing coronary artery disease; however, the mechanisms behind this up-regulation are still unknown. Activated p38 MAPK has been reported to increase arginase II in various cardiovascular diseases. We therefore tested the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of arginase I and II expression and its effect on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endothelial function was determined in septal coronary (SCA), left anterior descending coronary (LAD) and mesenteric (MA) arteries from healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats by wire myographs. Arginase activity and protein levels of arginase I, II, phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-endothelial NOS (eNOS) (Ser(1177) ) were determined in these arteries from diabetic and healthy rats treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor in vivo. KEY RESULTS Diabetic SCA and MA displayed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by arginase and p38 MAPK inhibition while LAD relaxation was not affected. Arginase I, phospho-p38 MAPK and eNOS protein expression was increased in diabetic coronary arteries. In diabetic MA, however, increased expression of arginase II and phospho-p38 MAPK, increased arginase activity and decreased expression of eNOS were observed. All these effects were reversed by p38 MAPK inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Diabetes-induced activation of p38 MAPK causes endothelial dysfunction via selective up-regulation of arginase I expression in coronary arteries and arginase II expression in MA. Therefore, regional differences appear to exist in the arginase isoforms contributing to endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Tratsiakovich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Climent
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Caldwell RB, Toque HA, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW. Arginase: an old enzyme with new tricks. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:395-405. [PMID: 25930708 PMCID: PMC4461463 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginase has roots in early life-forms. It converts L-arginine to urea and ornithine. The former provides protection against NH3; the latter serves to stimulate cell growth and other physiological functions. Excessive arginase activity in mammals has been associated with cardiovascular and nervous system dysfunction and disease. Two relevant aspects of this elevated activity may be involved in these disease states. First, excessive arginase activity reduces the supply of L-arginine needed by nitric oxide (NO) synthase to produce NO. Second, excessive production of ornithine leads to vascular structural problems and neural toxicity. Recent research has identified inflammatory agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as drivers of this pathologic elevation of arginase activity and expression. We review the involvement of arginase in cardiovascular and nervous system dysfunction, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting excess arginase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth B. Caldwell
- VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - S. Priya Narayanan
- Vision Discovery Institute, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| | - R. William Caldwell
- Vision Discovery Institute, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|