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de Jong MME, Chen L, Raaijmakers MHGP, Cupedo T. Bone marrow inflammation in haematological malignancies. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x. [PMID: 38491073 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Tissue inflammation is a hallmark of tumour microenvironments. In the bone marrow, tumour-associated inflammation impacts normal niches for haematopoietic progenitor cells and mature immune cells and supports the outgrowth and survival of malignant cells residing in these niche compartments. This Review provides an overview of our current understanding of inflammatory changes in the bone marrow microenvironment of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, using acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma as examples and highlights unique and shared features of inflammation in niches for progenitor cells and plasma cells. Importantly, inflammation exerts profoundly different effects on normal bone marrow niches in these malignancies, and we provide context for possible drivers of these divergent effects. We explore the role of tumour cells in inflammatory changes, as well as the role of cellular constituents of normal bone marrow niches, including myeloid cells and stromal cells. Integrating knowledge of disease-specific dynamics of malignancy-associated bone marrow inflammation will provide a necessary framework for future targeting of these processes to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon M E de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lanpeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Sharma NS, Choudhary B. Good Cop, Bad Cop: Profiling the Immune Landscape in Multiple Myeloma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1629. [PMID: 38002311 PMCID: PMC10669790 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a dyscrasia of plasma cells (PCs) characterized by abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The disease remains incurable due to a multitude of mutations and structural abnormalities in MM cells, coupled with a favorable microenvironment and immune suppression that eventually contribute to the development of drug resistance. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is composed of a cellular component comprising stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and immune cells, and a non-cellular component made of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the liquid milieu, which contains cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are involved in the adhesion of MM cells, promote the growth, proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of MM cells, and are also crucial in angiogenesis and the formation of lytic bone lesions. Classical immunophenotyping in combination with advanced immune profiling using single-cell sequencing technologies has enabled immune cell-specific gene expression analysis in MM to further elucidate the roles of specific immune cell fractions from peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) in myelomagenesis and progression, immune evasion and exhaustion mechanisms, and development of drug resistance and relapse. The review describes the role of BMME components in MM development and ongoing clinical trials using immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Seshagiri Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, India
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3
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Song M, Liang J, Wang L, Li W, Jiang S, Xu S, Tang L, Du Q, Liu G, Meng H, Zhai D, Shi S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang B. IL-17A functions and the therapeutic use of IL-17A and IL-17RA targeted antibodies for cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110757. [PMID: 37579542 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a major member of the IL-17 cytokine family and is produced mainly by T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Other cells such as CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, natural killer T cells and innate lymphoid-like cells can also produce IL-17A. In healthy individuals, IL-17A has a host-protective capacity, but excessive elevation of IL-17A is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting IL-17A (e.g., ixekizumab and secukinumab) or IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) (e.g., brodalumab) would be investigated as potential treatments for these diseases. Currently, the application of IL-17A-targeted drugs in autoimmune diseases will provide new ideas for the treatment of tumors, and its combined application with immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a research hotspot. This article reviews the mechanism of action of IL-17A and the application of anti-IL-17A antibodies, focusing on the research progress on the mechanism of action and therapeutic blockade of IL-17A in various tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC), lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer. Moreover, we also include the results of therapeutic blockade in the field of cancer as well as recent advances in the regulation of IL-17A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Qiaochu Du
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Guixian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Haining Meng
- School of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Dongchang Zhai
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Shangheng Shi
- Department of Liver Transplantation, School of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
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4
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Ghaffari S, Rezaei N. Eosinophils in the tumor microenvironment: implications for cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:551. [PMID: 37587450 PMCID: PMC10433623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being an integral part of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME), few studies have mechanistically elucidated eosinophil functions in cancer outcomes. Eosinophils are a minor population of granulocytes that are mostly explored in asthma and allergic disorders. Their influence on primary and metastatic tumors, however, has recently come to light. Eosinophils' diverse armamentarium of mediators and receptors allows them to participate in innate and adaptive immunity, such as type 1 and type 2 immunity, and shape TME and tumor outcomes. Based on TME cells and cytokines, activated eosinophils drive other immune cells to ultimately promote or suppress tumor growth. Discovering exactly what conditions determine the pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role of eosinophils allows us to take advantage of these signals and devise novel strategies to target cancer cells. Here, we first revisit eosinophil biology and differentiation as recognizing eosinophil mediators is crucial to their function in homeostatic and pathological conditions as well as tumor outcome. The bulk of our paper discusses eosinophil interactions with tumor cells, immune cells-including T cells, plasma cells, natural killer (NK) cells-and gut microbiota. Eosinophil mediators, such as IL-5, IL-33, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and CCL11 also determine eosinophil behavior toward tumor cells. We then examine the implications of these findings for cancer immunotherapy approaches, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Eosinophils synergize with CAR T cells and ICB therapy to augment immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Ghaffari
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Rimini M, Franco P, Bertolini F, Berardino DB, Giulia ZM, Stefano V, Andrikou K, Arcadipane F, Napolitano M, Buno LV, Alessandra GM, Olivero F, Ferreri F, Ricardi U, Cascinu S, Casadei-Gardini A. The Prognostic Role of Baseline Eosinophils in HPV-Related Cancers: a Multi-institutional Analysis of Anal SCC and OPC Patients Treated with Radical CT-RT. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:662-671. [PMID: 35915202 PMCID: PMC9342937 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are rare tumors associated with HPV infection. Bioumoral predictors of response to chemoradiation (CT-RT) are lacking in these settings. With the aim to find new biomarkers, we investigated the role of eosinophils in both HPV-positive anal SCC and HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). METHODS We retrieved clinical and laboratory data of patients with HPV-positive anal SCC treated with CT-RT in 5 institutions, and patients with locally advanced OPC SCC treated with CT-RT in 2 institutions. We examined the association between baseline eosinophil count (the best cutoff has been evaluated by ROC curve analysis: 100 × 10^9/L) and disease-free survival (DFS). Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios by baseline characteristics were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Three hundred four patients with HPV-positive anal SCCs and 168 patients with OPCs (122 HPV-positive, 46 HPV-negative diseases) were analyzed. In anal SCC, low eosinophil count (< 100 × 10^9/L) correlates to a better DFS (HR = 0.59; p = 0.0392); likewise, in HPV-positive OPC, low eosinophil count correlates to a better DFS (HR = 0.50; p = 0.0428). In HPV-negative OPC, low eosinophil count confers worse DFS compared to high eosinophil count (HR = 3.53; p = 0.0098). After adjustment for age and sex, eosinophils were confirmed to be independent prognostic factors for DFS (HR = 4.55; p = 0.0139). CONCLUSION Eosinophil count could be used as a prognostic factor in anal HPV-positive SCC. The worse prognosis showed in HPV-positive patients with high eosinophil count is likely to derive from an unfavorable interaction between the HPV-induced immunomodulation and eosinophils, which may hamper the curative effect of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rimini
- Oncologic Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, 20019, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Franco
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federica Bertolini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - De Bari Berardino
- Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25000, Besançon cedex, France
- Radiation Oncology, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Zampino Maria Giulia
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vegge Stefano
- Radiation Oncology Department, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Andrikou
- Oncologic Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura Dei Tumori, IRCCS, Meldola (Forlì), Italy
| | - Francesca Arcadipane
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Napolitano
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Lavajo Vieira Buno
- Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 25000, Besançon cedex, France
| | | | - Francesco Olivero
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Ferreri
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology - Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Oncologic Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, 20019, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Oncologic Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, 20019, Milan, Italy
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Baert L, Manfroi B, Quintero M, Chavarria O, Barbon PV, Clement E, Zeller A, Van Kuppevelt T, Sturm N, Moreaux J, Tveita A, Bogen B, McKee T, Huard B. 3-O sulfation of syndecan-1 mediated by the sulfotransferase HS3ST3a1 enhances myeloma aggressiveness. Matrix Biol 2023; 120:60-75. [PMID: 37201729 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological neoplasm derived from plasma cells invariably developing in the bone marrow (BM). The persisting clinical challenge in MM resides in its high ability to resist drugs as shown by the frequent relapses observed in patients regardless of the treatment applied. In a mouse model of MM, we identified a subpopulation of cells harboring increased resistance to current MM drugs. These cells bound a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL), a key MM promoting/survival factor. APRIL binding involved the heparan sulfate (HS) chain present on syndecan-1 (SDC-1), and correlated with reactivity to the anti-HS antibody 10e4. 10e4+cells had a high proliferation activity, and were able to form colonies in 3-D cultures. 10e4+ cells were the only cells able to develop in BM after intravenous injection. They also resisted drugs in vivo, since their number increased after treatment in BM. Notably, 10e4+ cells differentiated into 10e4- cells upon in vitro and in vivo expansion. Expression of one sulfotransferase, HS3ST3a1, allowed modification of syndecan-1 to confer reactivity to 10e4 and binding to APRIL. HS3ST3a1 deletion inhibited tumorigenesis in BM. Notably, the two populations coexisted at a variable frequency in the BM of MM patients at diagnosis. In total, our results indicate that 3-O-sulfation on SDC-1 carried out by HS3ST3a1 defines aggressive MM cells, and that targeting of this enzyme could possibly be used to better control drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, La Tronche, France
| | - B Manfroi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, La Tronche, France
| | - M Quintero
- translational innovation in medicine and complexity, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR5525, La Tronche, France
| | - O Chavarria
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, La Tronche, France
| | - P V Barbon
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM U1209, La Tronche, France
| | - E Clement
- translational innovation in medicine and complexity, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR5525, La Tronche, France
| | - A Zeller
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, university Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Van Kuppevelt
- Rabdoud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N Sturm
- translational innovation in medicine and complexity, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR5525, La Tronche, France; Department of Pathology, university Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - J Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Institute of Human Genetics, centre national de la recherche scientifique, University Montpellier, France
| | - A Tveita
- Department of Immunology and transfusion medicine, Institute for Immunology, university Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Bogen
- Department of Immunology and transfusion medicine, Institute for Immunology, university Hospital, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Norway
| | - T McKee
- Department of clinical pathology, university Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Huard
- translational innovation in medicine and complexity, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS UMR5525, La Tronche, France.
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Lin C, Garcia-Gerique L, Bonner EE, Mastio J, Rosenwasser M, Cruz Z, Lawler M, Bernabei L, Muthumani K, Liu Q, Poncz M, Vogl T, Törngren M, Eriksson H, Vogl DT, Gabrilovich DI, Nefedova Y. S100A8/S100A9 Promote Progression of Multiple Myeloma via Expansion of Megakaryocytes. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:420-430. [PMID: 36923707 PMCID: PMC10010194 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that accumulate preferentially in the bone marrow (BM). The tumor microenvironment is one of the leading factors that promote tumor progression. Neutrophils and monocytes are a major part of the BM tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism of their contribution to multiple myeloma progression remains unclear. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which S100A8/S100A9 proteins produced by BM neutrophils and monocytes promote the expansion of megakaryocytes supporting multiple myeloma progression. S100A8/S100A9 alone was not sufficient to drive megakaryopoiesis but markedly enhanced the effect of thrombopoietin, an effect that was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of the STAT5 transcription factor. Targeting S100A9 with tasquinimod as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors has potent antimyeloma effect that is at least partly independent of the adaptive immune system. This newly identified axis of signaling involving myeloid cells and megakaryocytes may provide a new avenue for therapeutic targeting in multiple myeloma. Significance We identified a novel mechanism by which myeloid cells promote myeloma progression independently of the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we discovered a novel role of S100A8/S100A9, the most abundant proteins produced by neutrophils and monocytes, in regulation of myeloma progression via promotion of the megakaryocyte expansion and angiogenesis. Tasquinimod, an inhibitor of S100A9, has potent antimyeloma effects as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Lin
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jerome Mastio
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- ICC, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zachary Cruz
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Luca Bernabei
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Dan T. Vogl
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- ICC, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Wang J, Zuo Y, Lv C, Zhou M, Wan Y. N6-methyladenosine regulators are potential prognostic biomarkers for multiple myeloma. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:137-148. [PMID: 36177774 PMCID: PMC10115423 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators play an important role in tumorigenesis; however, their role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unknown. This study aimed to create an m6A RNA regulators prognostic signature for MM patients. We integrated data from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass Study and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database to analyze gene expression profiles of 21 m6A regulators. Consistent clustering analysis was used to identify the clusters of patients with MM having different clinical outcomes. Gene distribution was analyzed using principal component analysis. Next, we generated an mRNA gene signature of m6A regulators using a multivariate logistic regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The expressions of m6A regulators, except FMR1, were significantly different in MM samples compared with those in normal samples. The KIAA1429, HNRNPC, FTO, and WTAP expression levels were dramatically downregulated in tumor samples, whereas those of other signatures were remarkably upregulated. Three clusters of patients with MM were identified, and significant differences were found in terms of overall survival (p = .024). A prognostic two-gene signature (KIAA1429 and HNRNPA2B1) was constructed, which had a good prognostic significance using the ROC method (AUC = 0.792). Moreover, the risk score correlated with the infiltration immune cells. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis showed that 16 pathways were dramatically enriched. The m6A signature might be a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with MM (p = .002). Our study is the first to explore the potential application value of m6A in MM. These findings may enhance the understanding of the functional organization of m6A in MM and provide new insights into the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Yizheng Hospital of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Yizheng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Yifan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglan Lv
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wan
- The Pq Laboratory of BiomeDx/Rx, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University SUNY, Binghamton, New York, USA
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Detection of Specific Immune Cell Subpopulation Changes Associated with Systemic Immune Inflammation–Index Level in Germ Cell Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050678. [PMID: 35629346 PMCID: PMC9147028 DOI: 10.3390/life12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and the host inflammatory response are closely interconnected. The interplay between systemic inflammation and the local immune response may influence tumor development and progression in various types of cancer. The systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) represents a prognostic marker for germ cell tumors (GCTs). The aim of the present study was to detect specific immune cell subpopulation changes which were associated with the SII level in chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients. In total, 51 GCT patients, prior to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, were included in the present study. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations was performed using flow cytometry. The SII level was correlated with the percentage of various leukocyte subpopulations. The obtained results demonstrated that SII levels above the cut-off value of SII ≥ 1003 were associated with higher neutrophil percentages. An inverse correlation was found between the SII and the peripheral lymphocyte percentage that logically reflects the calculations of the SII index. Furthermore, the presented data also showed that in the lymphocyte subpopulation, the association with the SII was driven by T-cell subpopulations. In innate immunity–cell subpopulations, we observed a correlation between SII level and neutrophils as well as associations with eosinophil, basophil, natural killer cell and dendritic cell percentages. We suppose that the described interactions represent a manifestation of cancer-induced immune suppression. The results of the present study contribute to the elucidation of the interrelationship between tumor cells and the innate/adaptive immune system of the host.
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10
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Bekri S, Rodney-Sandy R, Gruenstein D, Mei A, Bogen B, Castle J, Levey D, Cho HJ. Neoantigen vaccine-induced CD4 T cells confer protective immunity in a mouse model of multiple myeloma through activation of CD8 T cells against non-vaccine, tumor-associated antigens. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003572. [PMID: 35190376 PMCID: PMC8862454 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated neoantigens (neoAg) derived from tumor genomic sequencing and predictive algorithms for mutated peptides are a promising basis for therapeutic vaccines under investigation. Although these are generally designed to bind major histocompatibility complex class I and induce CD8 cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, results from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that the majority of neoAg vaccines efficiently induce CD4 T helper (Th) responses but not CTL. Despite this, these vaccines have demonstrated clinical efficacy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of CD4 + T cell-mediated tumor protection is critical to optimizing this immunotherapeutic strategy. Methods We investigated this phenomenon in the mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma (MOPC).315.BM (MOPC315) mouse model of multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells. MOPC315 cells express in their lambda chain a unique tumor-specific neoAg, an idiotypic (Id) peptide. We generated a vaccine formulated with this Id peptide fused to a heat shock protein HSC70 binding (HSB) motif co-delivered with poly (I:C). The immunogenicity of the Id-vaccine was measured in splenocytes by ELISpot. Mice were challenged with MOPC315 cells and antitumor immunity was assessed by co-incubating splenocytes and bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from vaccinated mice and controls, with the Id antigen and irradiated MOPC315 cells. The frequency of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and their phenotype were characterized by flow cytometry. Results Id-vaccine efficiently induced antigen-specific CD4 Th activity and antitumor immunity, protecting mice from MOPC315 tumor growth. CD4 cytolytic activity was not detected under these conditions. Polyfunctional CD8 T cells homed to the bone marrow microenvironment of protected mice and preferentially expanded only when restimulated ex vivo with both Id peptide and MOPC315 cells. Protective activity was abrogated by depletion of either CD4 or CD8 lymphocytes. Conclusion These results demonstrate that Id-HSB +poly (I:C) vaccine protects against MOPC315 growth by priming Id-specific CD4 Th cells that confer protection against tumor but are not directly cytotoxic. These data indicate that activation of CD8 CTL against MOPC315-associated antigens not present in the vaccine is one of the major mechanisms of tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Bekri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reunet Rodney-Sandy
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana Gruenstein
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Mei
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Pisano M, Cheng Y, Sun F, Dhakal B, D’Souza A, Chhabra S, Knight JM, Rao S, Zhan F, Hari P, Janz S. Laboratory Mice - A Driving Force in Immunopathology and Immunotherapy Studies of Human Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667054. [PMID: 34149703 PMCID: PMC8206561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human cancer provide an important research tool for elucidating the natural history of neoplastic growth and developing new treatment and prevention approaches. This is particularly true for multiple myeloma (MM), a common and largely incurable neoplasm of post-germinal center, immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes, called plasma cells, that reside in the hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) and cause osteolytic lesions and kidney failure among other forms of end-organ damage. The most widely used mouse models used to aid drug and immunotherapy development rely on in vivo propagation of human myeloma cells in immunodeficient hosts (xenografting) or myeloma-like mouse plasma cells in immunocompetent hosts (autografting). Both strategies have made and continue to make valuable contributions to preclinical myeloma, including immune research, yet are ill-suited for studies on tumor development (oncogenesis). Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), such as the widely known Vκ*MYC, may overcome this shortcoming because plasma cell tumors (PCTs) develop de novo (spontaneously) in a highly predictable fashion and accurately recapitulate many hallmarks of human myeloma. Moreover, PCTs arise in an intact organism able to mount a complete innate and adaptive immune response and tumor development reproduces the natural course of human myelomagenesis, beginning with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), progressing to smoldering myeloma (SMM), and eventually transitioning to frank neoplasia. Here we review the utility of transplantation-based and transgenic mouse models of human MM for research on immunopathology and -therapy of plasma cell malignancies, discuss strengths and weaknesses of different experimental approaches, and outline opportunities for closing knowledge gaps, improving the outcome of patients with myeloma, and working towards a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anita D’Souza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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12
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Rimini M, Franco P, De Bari B, Zampino MG, Vagge S, Frassinetti GL, Arcadipane F, Bacigalupo A, Valgiusti M, Aloi D, Gervaso L, Corvò R, Bartolini G, Gerardi MA, Cascinu S, Casadei-Gardini A. The Prognostic Value of the New Combined Hemo-Eosinophil Inflammation Index (HEI Index): A Multicenter Analysis of Anal Cancer Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemo-Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040671. [PMID: 33562397 PMCID: PMC7914854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare tumor, and bio-humoral predictors of response to chemo-radiation (CT-RT) are lacking. We developed a prognostic score system based on laboratory inflammation parameters. We investigated the correlation between baseline clinical and laboratory variables and disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival in anal SCC patients treated with CT-RT in five institutions. The bio-humoral parameters of significance were included in a new scoring system, which was tested with other significant variables in a Cox's proportional hazard model. A total of 308 patients was included. We devised a prognostic model by combining baseline hemoglobin level, SII, and eosinophil count: the Hemo-Eosinophils Inflammation (HEI) Index. We stratified patients according to the HEI index into low- and high-risk groups. Median DFS for low-risk patients was not reached, and it was found to be 79.5 months for high-risk cases (Hazard Ratio 3.22; 95% CI: 2.04-5.10; p < 0.0001). Following adjustment for clinical covariates found significant at univariate analysis, multivariate analysis confirmed the HEI index as an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. The HEI index was shown to be a prognostic parameter for DFS and OS in anal cancer patients treated with CT-RT. An external validation of the HEI index is mandatory for its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rimini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Modena, 41000 Modena, Italy;
| | - Pierfrancesco Franco
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-53-52
| | - Berardino De Bari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (B.D.B.); (D.A.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, 2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Maria Giulia Zampino
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20019 Milan, Italy; (M.G.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefano Vagge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16121 Genova, Italy; (S.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassinetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori ‘Dino Amadori’–IRST, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.L.F.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesca Arcadipane
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Almalina Bacigalupo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16121 Genova, Italy; (S.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Martina Valgiusti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori ‘Dino Amadori’–IRST, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.L.F.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Deborah Aloi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; (B.D.B.); (D.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Gervaso
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20019 Milan, Italy; (M.G.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Renzo Corvò
- Department of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and Health Science Department (DISSAL), University of Genova, 16121 Genova, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori ‘Dino Amadori’–IRST, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.L.F.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, 20019 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (A.C.-G.)
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, 20019 Milan, Italy; (S.C.); (A.C.-G.)
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13
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An Early Myeloma Bone Disease Model in Skeletally Mature Mice as a Platform for Biomaterial Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:3985315. [PMID: 32684931 PMCID: PMC7336213 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3985315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is characterized by osteolytic bone tissue destruction resulting in bone pain, fractures, vertebral collapse, and spinal cord compression in patients. Upon initial diagnosis of MM, almost 80% of patients suffer from bone disease. Earlier diagnosis and intervention in MM bone disease would potentially improve treatment outcome and patient survival. New preclinical models are needed for developing novel diagnostic markers of bone structural changes as early as possible in the disease course. Here, we report a proof-of-concept, syngeneic, intrafemoral MOPC315.BM MM murine model in skeletally mature BALB/c mice for detection and characterization of very early changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of MM-injected animals. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in vivo confirmed myeloma engraftment in 100% of the animals with high osteoclast activity within 21 days after tumor cell inoculation. Early signs of aggressive bone turnover were observed on the outer bone surfaces by high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT). Synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microcomputer tomography (PCE-CT) revealed very local microarchitecture differences highlighting numerous active sites of erosion and new bone at the micrometer scale. Correlative backscattered electron imaging (BSE) and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed direct comparison of mineralized and nonmineralized matrix changes in the cortical bone. The osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network (OLCN) architecture was disorganized, and irregular-shaped osteocyte lacunae were observed in MM-injected bones after 21 days. Our model provides a potential platform to further evaluate pathological MM bone lesion development at the micro- and ultrastructural levels. These promising results make it possible to combine material science and pharmacological investigations that may improve early detection and treatment of MM bone disease.
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14
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Calcinotto A, Brevi A, Chesi M, Ferrarese R, Garcia Perez L, Grioni M, Kumar S, Garbitt VM, Sharik ME, Henderson KJ, Tonon G, Tomura M, Miwa Y, Esplugues E, Flavell RA, Huber S, Canducci F, Rajkumar VS, Bergsagel PL, Bellone M. Microbiota-driven interleukin-17-producing cells and eosinophils synergize to accelerate multiple myeloma progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4832. [PMID: 30510245 PMCID: PMC6277390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cancer, yet how intestinal microbes influence progression of extramucosal tumors is poorly understood. Here we provide evidence implying that Prevotella heparinolytica promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells colonizing the gut and migrating to the bone marrow (BM) of transgenic Vk*MYC mice, where they favor progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Lack of IL-17 in Vk*MYC mice, or disturbance of their microbiome delayed MM appearance. Similarly, in smoldering MM patients, higher levels of BM IL-17 predicted faster disease progression. IL-17 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in murine plasma cells, and activated eosinophils. Treatment of Vk*MYC mice with antibodies blocking IL-17, IL-17RA, and IL-5 reduced BM accumulation of Th17 cells and eosinophils and delayed disease progression. Thus, in Vk*MYC mice, commensal bacteria appear to unleash a paracrine signaling network between adaptive and innate immunity that accelerates progression to MM, and can be targeted by already available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Garcia Perez
- Molekulare Immunologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Victoria M Garbitt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Meaghen E Sharik
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Tonon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Michio Tomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | | | - Enric Esplugues
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Samuel Huber
- Molekulare Immunologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Laboratory of Microbiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Vincent S Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.
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15
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Yen CH, Hsiao HH. NRF2 Is One of the Players Involved in Bone Marrow Mediated Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3503. [PMID: 30405034 PMCID: PMC6274683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma with clonal plasma expansion in bone marrow is the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world. Though the improvement of outcomes from the achievement of novel agents in recent decades, the disease progresses and leads to death eventually due to the elusive nature of myeloma cells and resistance mechanisms to therapeutic agents. In addition to the molecular and genetic basis of resistance pathomechanisms, the bone marrow microenvironment also contributes to disease progression and confers drug resistance in myeloma cells. In this review, we focus on the current state of the literature in terms of critical bone marrow microenvironment components, including soluble factors, cell adhesion mechanisms, and other cellular components. Transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (NRF2), a central regulator for anti-oxidative stresses and detoxification, is implicated in chemoresistance in several cancers. The functional roles of NRF2 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and multiple myeloma cells, and the potential of targeting NRF2 for overcoming microenvironment-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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16
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Paul B, Kang S, Zheng Z, Kang Y. The challenges of checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cell Immunol 2018; 334:87-98. [PMID: 30342750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) over the past 15 years, the disease remains incurable. Treatment options are limited for patients who have relapsed or are refractory to immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. In these patients, immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide a potentially effective alternative treatment. While checkpoint inhibitors are effective in prolonging overall survival in some patients with advanced solid cancers and Hodgkin lymphoma, they have not demonstrated significant activity as a single agent in MM. In fact the combination of checkpoint inhibitors with IMiDs was recently found to increase the risk of death in myeloma patients. These challenges highlight the need for a better understanding of immune dysregulation in myeloma patients, and the mechanisms of action of- and resistance to- checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we summarize immune dysfunction in patients with MM, and review the preclinical and clinical data regarding checkpoint inhibitors in myeloma. We conclude by proposing strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of checkpoint inhibitors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Paul
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shuqi Kang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Wichert S, Pettersson Å, Hellmark T, Johansson Å, Hansson M. Bone marrow eosinophils in plasma cell disorders. Exp Hematol 2018; 66:27-31.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Wei Y, Zhang X, Wang G, Zhou Y, Luo M, Wang S, Hong C. The impacts of pretreatment circulating eosinophils and basophils on prognosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532611 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of circulating eosinophils and basophils on cancer survival are unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the impacts of eosinophils and basophils on prognosis of stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS From February 2003 to March 2013, 569 stage I-III CRC patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The associations between pretreatment circulating eosinophils, basophils and CRC overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated. Moreover, the prognostic value of combined eosinophils/basophils and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)/platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was investigated. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier methods showed the associations of eosinophils < 0.095 × 109 /L and shorter OS (P < 0.0001), eosinophils < 0.055 × 109 /L and shorter DFS (P < 0.0001), basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L and shorter OS (P = 0.001), basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L and shorter DFS (P = 0.005). Cox regression model showed that eosinophils < 0.095 × 109 /L (hazard ratio [HR], 1.723; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.177-2.523) and basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L (HR, 1.714; 95% CI = 1.152-2.548) were independent prognostic factors for OS, and eosinophils < 0.055 × 109 /L (HR, 2.309; 95% CI = 1.587-3.361) and basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L (HR, 1.397; 95% CI = 1.003-1.945) were independent prognostic factors for DFS, respectively. The combined eosinophil-PLR (HR, 2.611; 95% CI = 1.328-5.130) and basophil-PLR (HR, 2.520; 95% CI = 1.240-5.123) were the independent prognostic factors for OS. The combined eosinophil-NLR (HR, 2.770; 95% CI = 1.528-5.019) and eosinophil-PLR (HR, 4.788; 95% CI = 2.458-9.329) were the independent prognostic factors for DFS. CONCLUSION Pretreatment circulating eosinophils < 0.095 × 109 /L/0.055 × 109 /L and circulating basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L have significant impacts on prognosis of stage I-III CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minrui Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuyuan Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Bax HJ, Bianchini R, Crescioli S, Daniels-Wells TR, Dombrowicz D, Fiebiger E, Gould HJ, Irshad S, Janda J, Josephs DH, Levi-Schaffer F, O'Mahony L, Pellizzari G, Penichet ML, Redegeld F, Roth-Walter F, Singer J, Untersmayr E, Vangelista L, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology: Opposite outcomes of immune tolerance in allergy and cancer. Allergy 2018; 73:328-340. [PMID: 28921585 PMCID: PMC6038916 DOI: 10.1111/all.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While desired for the cure of allergy, regulatory immune cell subsets and nonclassical Th2-biased inflammatory mediators in the tumour microenvironment can contribute to immune suppression and escape of tumours from immunological detection and clearance. A key aim in the cancer field is therefore to design interventions that can break immunological tolerance and halt cancer progression, whereas on the contrary allergen immunotherapy exactly aims to induce tolerance. In this position paper, we review insights on immune tolerance derived from allergy and from cancer inflammation, focusing on what is known about the roles of key immune cells and mediators. We propose that research in the field of AllergoOncology that aims to delineate these immunological mechanisms with juxtaposed clinical consequences in allergy and cancer may point to novel avenues for therapeutic interventions that stand to benefit both disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - T R Daniels-Wells
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Dombrowicz
- INSERM, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute of Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - Recepteurs Nucleaires, Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Diabete, Universite de Lille, Lille, France
| | - E Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research, Department Medicine Research, Childrens' University Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H J Gould
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Irshad
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - J Janda
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L O'Mahony
- Molecular Immunology, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Davos, Switzerland
| | - G Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - M L Penichet
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Roth-Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Singer
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Untersmayr
- Centre of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Vangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - S N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
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20
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Herlihy SE, Lin C, Nefedova Y. Bone marrow myeloid cells in regulation of multiple myeloma progression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1007-1014. [PMID: 28378067 PMCID: PMC11029144 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Survival, growth, and response to chemotherapy of cancer cells depends strongly on the interaction of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. In multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells that localizes preferentially in the bone marrow, the microenvironment is highly enriched with myeloid cells. The majority of myeloid cells are represented by mature and immature neutrophils. The contribution of the different myeloid cell populations to tumor progression and chemoresistance in multiple myeloma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Herlihy
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Room 376, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Room 376, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Room 376, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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21
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Park BM, Kim EJ, Nam HJ, Zhang D, Bae CH, Kang M, Kim H, Lee W, Bogen B, Lim SK. Cyclized Oligopeptide Targeting LRP5/6-DKK1 Interaction Reduces the Growth of Tumor Burden in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:505-513. [PMID: 28332354 PMCID: PMC5368134 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) has been extensively investigated in mouse models of multiple myeloma, which results in osteolytic bone lesions. Elevated DKK1 levels in bone marrow plasma and serum inhibit the differentiation of osteoblast precursors. Present pharmaceutical approaches to target bone lesions are limited to antiresorptive agents. In this study, we developed a cyclized oligopeptide against DKK1-low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5/6 interaction and tested the effects of the oligopeptide on tumor burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cyclized oligopeptide based on DKK1-LRP5/6 interactions was synthesized chemically, and its nuclear magnetic resonance structure was assessed. Luciferase reporter assay and mRNA expressions of osteoblast markers were evaluated after oligopeptide treatment. MOPC315.BM.Luc cells were injected into the tail vein of mice, after which cyclized oligopeptide was delivered subcutaneously 6 days a week for 4 weeks. RESULTS The cyclized oligopeptide containing NXI motif bound to the E1 domain of LRP5/6 effectively on surface plasmon resonance analysis. It abrogated the Wnt-β-catenin signaling inhibited by DKK1, but not by sclerostin, dose dependently. RT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase staining showed increased expressions of osteoblast markers according to the treatment concentrations. Bioluminescence images showed that the treatment of cyclized oligopeptide reduced tumor burden more in oligopeptide treated group than in the vehicle group. CONCLUSION The cyclized oligopeptide reported here may be another option for the treatment of tumor burden in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Nam
- Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chu Hyun Bae
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeongmo Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heeyoun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sung Kil Lim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Endocrine Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Burger R, Günther A, Klausz K, Staudinger M, Peipp M, Penas EMM, Rose-John S, Wijdenes J, Gramatzki M. Due to interleukin-6 type cytokine redundancy only glycoprotein 130 receptor blockade efficiently inhibits myeloma growth. Haematologica 2016; 102:381-390. [PMID: 27658435 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.145060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 has an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma where it supports the growth and survival of the malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It belongs to a family of cytokines which use the glycoprotein 130 chain for signal transduction, such as oncostatin M or leukemia inhibitory factor. Targeting interleukin-6 in plasma cell diseases is currently evaluated in clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies. Here, efforts were made to elucidate the contribution of interleukin-6 and glycoprotein 130 signaling in malignant plasma cell growth in vivo In the xenograft severe combined immune deficiency model employing our interleukin-6-dependent plasma cell line INA-6, the lack of human interleukin-6 induced autocrine interleukin-6 production and a proliferative response to other cytokines of the glycoprotein 130 family. Herein, mice were treated with monoclonal antibodies against human interleukin-6 (elsilimomab/B-E8), the interleukin-6 receptor (B-R6), and with an antibody blocking glycoprotein 130 (B-R3). While treatment of mice with interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor antibodies resulted in a modest delay in tumor growth, the development of plasmacytomas was completely prevented with the anti-glycoprotein 130 antibody. Importantly, complete inhibition was also achieved using F(ab')2-fragments of monoclonal antibody B-R3. Tumors harbor activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and in vitro, the antibody inhibited leukemia inhibitory factor stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and cell growth, while being less effective against interleukin-6. In conclusion, the growth of INA-6 plasmacytomas in vivo under interleukin-6 withdrawal remains strictly dependent on glycoprotein 130, and other glycoprotein 130 cytokines may substitute for interleukin-6. Antibodies against glycoprotein 130 are able to overcome this redundancy and should be explored for a possible therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Burger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Staudinger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Murga Penas
- Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | | | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Guillerey C, Nakamura K, Vuckovic S, Hill GR, Smyth MJ. Immune responses in multiple myeloma: role of the natural immune surveillance and potential of immunotherapies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1569-89. [PMID: 26801219 PMCID: PMC11108512 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of terminally differentiated B cells that arises in the bone marrow. Immune interactions appear as key determinants of MM progression. While myeloid cells foster myeloma-promoting inflammation, Natural Killer cells and T lymphocytes mediate protective anti-myeloma responses. The profound immune deregulation occurring in MM patients may be involved in the transition from a premalignant to a malignant stage of the disease. In the last decades, the advent of stem cell transplantation and new therapeutic agents including proteasome inhibitors and immunoregulatory drugs has dramatically improved patient outcomes, suggesting potentially key roles for innate and adaptive immunity in disease control. Nevertheless, MM remains largely incurable for the vast majority of patients. A better understanding of the complex interplay between myeloma cells and their immune environment should pave the way for designing better immunotherapies with the potential of very long term disease control. Here, we review the immunological microenvironment in myeloma. We discuss the role of naturally arising anti-myeloma immune responses and their potential corruption in MM patients. Finally, we detail the numerous promising immune-targeting strategies approved or in clinical trials for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Guillerey
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Slavica Vuckovic
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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IL-10 mediates plasmacytosis-associated immunodeficiency by inhibiting complement-mediated neutrophil migration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1487-1497.e6. [PMID: 26653800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytosis (ie, an expansion of plasma cell populations to much greater than the homeostatic level) occurs in the context of various immune disorders and plasma cell neoplasia. This condition is often associated with immunodeficiency that causes increased susceptibility to severe infections. Yet a causative link between plasmacytosis and immunodeficiency has not been established. OBJECTIVE Because recent studies have identified plasma cells as a relevant source of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, we sought to investigate the role of IL-10 during conditions of polyclonal and neoplastic plasmacytosis for the regulation of immunity and its effect on inflammation and immunodeficiency. METHODS We used flow cytometry, IL-10 reporter (Vert-X) and B cell-specific IL-10 knockout mice, migration assays, and antibody-mediated IL-10 receptor blockade to study plasmacytosis-associated IL-10 expression and its effect on inflammation and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. ELISA was used to quantify IL-10 levels in patients with myeloma. RESULTS IL-10 production was a common feature of normal and neoplastic plasma cells in mice, and IL-10 levels increased with myeloma progression in patients. IL-10 directly inhibited neutrophil migration toward the anaphylatoxin C5a and suppressed neutrophil-dependent inflammation in a murine model of autoimmune disease. MOPC.315.BM murine myeloma leads to an increased incidence of bacterial infection in the airways, which was reversed after IL-10 receptor blockade. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that plasmacytosis-associated overexpression of IL-10 inhibits neutrophil migration and neutrophil-mediated inflammation but also promotes immunodeficiency.
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Shay G, Hazlehurst L, Lynch CC. Dissecting the multiple myeloma-bone microenvironment reveals new therapeutic opportunities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:21-35. [PMID: 26423531 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell skeletal malignancy. While therapeutic agents such as bortezomib and lenalidomide have significantly improved overall survival, the disease is currently incurable with the emergence of drug resistance limiting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic strategies. Failure to cure the disease is in part due to the underlying genetic heterogeneity of the cancer. Myeloma progression is critically dependent on the surrounding microenvironment. Defining the interactions between myeloma cells and the more genetically stable hematopoietic and mesenchymal components of the bone microenvironment is critical for the development of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how microenvironmental elements contribute to myeloma progression and, therapeutically, how those elements can or are currently being targeted in a bid to eradicate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Shay
- Tumor Biology Department, SRB-3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - L Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Alexander B. Osborn Hematopoietic Malignancy and Transplantation Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - C C Lynch
- Tumor Biology Department, SRB-3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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26
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Matthes T, Manfroi B, Zeller A, Dunand-Sauthier I, Bogen B, Huard B. Autocrine amplification of immature myeloid cells by IL-6 in multiple myeloma-infiltrated bone marrow. Leukemia 2015; 29:1882-90. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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