1
|
Zhang B, Hastings A, Grosholz ED, Zhai L. The comparison of dispersal rate between invasive and native species varied by plant life form and functional traits. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37924137 PMCID: PMC10623791 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
A long dispersal distance is widely used to indicate high invasiveness, but it ignores the temporal dimensions of plant invasion. Faster dispersal rates (= distance/time) of invasive species than native ones have been widely used in modeling species invasion and planning control management. However, the comparison of dispersal rate between invasive and native plants, particularly for dispersal on a local or landscape scale, has not been tested with a comprehensive dataset. Moreover, both the effects of plant functional traits on the dispersal rate and variation in the functional-trait effects between invasive and native plants remain elusive. Compiling studies from 30 countries globally, we compared seed dispersal rates (km/year) on a local or landscape scale between 64 observations of invasive and 78 observations of native plants given effects of plant life forms, disturbance levels, and measurement methods. Furthermore, we compared the effects of functional traits on dispersal rate between invasive and native species. We found that: (1) Trait values were similar between the invasive and native plants except for the greater height of woody native plants than woody invasive ones; (2) Compared within the same plant life form, the faster dispersal rates of invasive species were found in herbaceous plants, not in woody plants, and disturbance level and measurement methods did not affect the rate comparison; (3) Plant height and seed length had significant effects on dispersal rates of both invasive and native plants, but the effect of leaf dry matter content (LDMC) was only significant on herbaceous invasive plants. The comparison of dispersal rate between invasive and native plants varied by plant life form. The convergent values but divergent dispersal effects of plant traits between invasive and native species suggest that the trait effects on invasiveness could be better understood by trait association with key factors in invasiveness, e.g., dispersal rate, than the direct trait comparison between invasive and native plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Edwin D Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Häkkinen H, Hodgson D, Early R. Global terrestrial invasions: Where naturalised birds, mammals, and plants might spread next and what affects this process. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002361. [PMID: 37963110 PMCID: PMC10645288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More species live outside their native range than at any point in human history. Yet, there is little understanding of the geographic regions that will be threatened if these species continue to spread, nor of whether they will spread. We predict the world's terrestrial regions to which 833 naturalised plants, birds, and mammals are most imminently likely to spread, and investigate what factors have hastened or slowed their spread to date. There is huge potential for further spread of naturalised birds in North America, mammals in Eastern Europe, and plants in North America, Eastern Europe, and Australia. Introduction history, dispersal, and the spatial distribution of suitable areas are more important predictors of species spread than traits corresponding to habitat usage or biotic interactions. Natural dispersal has driven spread in birds more than in plants. Whether these taxa continue to spread more widely depends partially on connectivity of suitable environments. Plants show the clearest invasion lag, and the putative importance of human transportation indicates opportunities to slow their spread. Despite strong predictive effects, questions remain, particularly why so many birds in North America do not occupy climatically suitable areas close to their existing ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Häkkinen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Hodgson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Naz M, Afzal MR, Du D, Dai Z. Omics Approaches in Invasion Biology: Understanding Mechanisms and Impacts on Ecological Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091860. [PMID: 37176919 PMCID: PMC10181282 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species and rapid climate change are affecting the control of new plant diseases and epidemics. To effectively manage these diseases under changing environmental conditions, a better understanding of pathophysiology with holistic approach is needed. Multiomics approaches can help us to understand the relationship between plants and microbes and construct predictive models for how they respond to environmental stresses. The application of omics methods enables the simultaneous analysis of plant hosts, soil, and microbiota, providing insights into their intricate relationships and the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions. This can help in the development of novel strategies for enhancing plant health and improving soil ecosystem functions. The review proposes the use of omics methods to study the relationship between plant hosts, soil, and microbiota, with the aim of developing a new technique to regulate soil health. This approach can provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions and contribute to the development of effective strategies for managing plant diseases and improving soil ecosystem functions. In conclusion, omics technologies offer an innovative and holistic approach to understanding plant-microbe interactions and their response to changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Rahil Afzal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Winters G, Conte C, Beca-Carretero P, Nguyen HM, Migliore L, Mulas M, Rilov G, Guy-Haim T, González MJ, Medina I, Golomb D, Baharier N, Kaminer M, Kitson-Walters K. Superior growth traits of invaded (Caribbean) versus native (Red sea) populations of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Biol Invasions 2023; 25:2325-2342. [PMID: 37261082 PMCID: PMC10115387 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The seagrass Halophila stipulacea is native to the Red Sea. It invaded the Mediterranean over the past century and most of the Caribbean over the last two decades. Understanding the main drivers behind the successful invasiveness of H. stipulacea has become crucial. We performed a comprehensive study including field measurements, a mesocosm experiment, and a literature review to identify 'superior growth traits' that can potentially explain the success story of H. stipulacea. We assessed meadow characteristics and plant traits of three invasive H. stipulacea populations growing off the Island of Sint Eustatius (eastern Caribbean). We compared similar parameters between native (Eilat, northern Red Sea) and invasive (Caribbean) H. stipulacea plants in a common-garden mesocosm. Lastly, we compared our field measurements with published data. The newly arrived H. stipulacea plants from St. Eustatius were characterized by higher percent cover, higher below- and above-ground biomasses, more apical shoots, and faster leaf turnover rates than those measured in both native and older invaded habitats. These results were further confirmed by the mesocosm experiment where the invasive H. stipulacea plants grew faster and developed more apical shoots than the native plants. Results suggest that increased growth vigour is one of the main invasive traits that characterize successful invasive H. stipulacea populations in the Caribbean and potentially in other invaded areas. We encourage long-term monitoring of H. stipulacea in both native and invaded habitats to better understand the future spread of this species and its impacts on communities and their ecosystem functions and services. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10530-023-03045-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, 8698000 Mount Masada, Israel, Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hatmarim Blv, 8855630 Eilat, Israel
| | - Chiara Conte
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Beca-Carretero
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Rúa de Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra Spain
- Department of Theoretical Ecology and Modelling, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheit Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hung Manh Nguyen
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, 8698000 Mount Masada, Israel, Israel
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000 Beersheba, Israel
| | - Luciana Migliore
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Mulas
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Tel- Shikmona, P.O.B. 9753, 3109701 Haifa, Israel
- The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Koushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Tel- Shikmona, P.O.B. 9753, 3109701 Haifa, Israel
- The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Koushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Tel- Shikmona, P.O.B. 9753, 3109701 Haifa, Israel
| | - María J González
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Rúa de Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM-CSIC), Rúa de Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra Spain
| | - Dar Golomb
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Tel- Shikmona, P.O.B. 9753, 3109701 Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Baharier
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, 8698000 Mount Masada, Israel, Israel
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Moran Kaminer
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, 8698000 Mount Masada, Israel, Israel
| | - Kimani Kitson-Walters
- Caribbean Netherlands Science Institute, L.E. Saddlerweg, POB 65, St Eustatius, Caribbean The Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paź‐Dyderska S, Jagodziński AM. In search of a perfect trait set: A workflow presentation based on the conservation status assessment of Poland's dendroflora. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9979. [PMID: 37038519 PMCID: PMC10082170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the dynamically changing environment, we cannot be sure whether we are using the best possible plant functional traits to explain ecological mechanisms. We provide a quantitative comparison of 13 trait sets to determine the availability of functional traits representing different plant organs, assess the trait sets with the highest explanatory potential, and check whether including a higher number of traits in a model increases its accuracy. We evaluated the trait sets by preparing 13 models using similar methodology and responding to a research question: How do models with different sets of functional traits predict the conservation status of species? We used the dataset covering all woody species from Poland (N = 387), with 23 functional traits. Our findings indicate that what matters most for a trait set of high explanatory power is the precise selection of those traits. The best fit model was based on the findings of Díaz et al. (2016; The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, 529, 167-171) and included only six traits. Importantly, traits representing different plant organs should be included whenever possible: Three of the four best models from our comparison were the ones that included traits of various plant organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej M. Jagodziński
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daniel JA, Arabesky V, Rozenberg T, Lubin Y, Segoli M, Mowery MA. Parasitoid development and superparasitism in invasive versus native widow spider host egg sacs. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
|
7
|
Flora introduced and naturalized in Central America. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
8
|
Do Reproductive Traits of Invasive Populations of Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae), Outperform Native Populations? PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162158. [PMID: 36015460 PMCID: PMC9414750 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive traits are among the most important factors in determining the success of species establishment and invasion in a new area. Studies on transcontinental invasions have revealed that invasive species perform better in the invasive range than in their native ranges. We assumed that the same regularity exists in intracontinental invasions and thus investigated whether the reproductive traits of Scotch broom, Cytisus scoparius, perform better in the alien invasive range in Europe compared to its native range in the same continent. The aim of this research was to reveal the potential and realised fecundity of C. scoparius in its native and invasive ranges, as well as relationships with the size of pods, habitat type, and how these traits vary at the same site in different years. The results of this study were not able to unambiguously confirm our hypothesis that C. scoparius in the invasive range in Lithuania, specifically in the southern part of the Boreal biogeographical region, outperform plants in the native range with regard to the analysed reproductive traits. Potential fecundity of C. scoparius in the native range was significantly higher than in the invaded range; however, realised fecundity was not significantly different between the native and invasive ranges. The pod length was similar in both ranges, whereas the pod width was significantly greater in the invasive range than in the native range. The results suggest that the number of ovules per pod, number of matured seeds, and the size of pods are related with the type of habitat and local environmental conditions in the habitat. Although many studies on other species have confirmed higher fecundity and overall better performance of plants in the invasive range than in the native range on other continents, this rule probably cannot be applied for intracontinental invasive species occurring in relatively close geographical regions to their native ranges.
Collapse
|
9
|
Comparative Analysis of Tolerance to Salt Stress and Water Deficit in Two Invasive Weeds of the Genus Erigeron (Asteraceae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152059. [PMID: 35956537 PMCID: PMC9370665 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Erigeron bonariensis and E. sumatrensis are two noxious weeds present in many parts of the world. Their tolerance to salinity and water deficit was analysed at the seed germination stage and during vegetative development. Seed germination was tested in solutions with different concentrations of NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, ion accumulation, and antioxidant mechanisms were analysed in plants that were subjected to increasing NaCl solutions, or severe water deficit by completely restricting irrigation. Seed germination was mostly affected by NaCl, but less by PEG in both species. E. bonariensis had a faster germination in all treatments and maintained a higher percentage of germination under the highest concentration of salt applied. Growth responses were similar in the two species, both being more affected by higher salt concentrations than by water deficit. The main differences in the responses of the two species to stress regard K+ and proline concentration. K+ in roots decreased under salt stress in E. sumatrensis, but remained constant in leaves, whereas in E. bonariensis increased in roots and leaves in salt-stressed plants. Proline concentration increased in all E. bonariensis plants under salt stress, but only in those under the highest salt concentration in E. sumatrensis. The results obtained indicate that the two species are relatively tolerant to water deficit and medium salinity but are susceptible to high NaCl concentrations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gillard MB, Castillo JM, Mesgaran MB, Futrell CJ, Grewell BJ. Germination niche breadth of invasive Iris pseudacorus (L.) suggests continued recruitment from seeds with global warming. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1108-1119. [PMID: 35716120 PMCID: PMC9544747 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Understanding recruitment processes of invasive species is central to conservation and management strategies. Iris pseudacorus, an emergent macrophyte, has established invasive populations across a broad global range, and reduces biodiversity in wetland ecosystems. Climate change is altering germination cues, yet studies on the invasion of wetland macrophytes often ignore germination ecology despite its importance to their establishment and spread. METHODS We explored germination of seeds from invasive I. pseudacorus populations in California in response to seed coat presence or absence, and several environmental factors. Using experimental results in a thermal time model, we derived germination temperature thresholds. RESULTS Germination of I. pseudacorus seeds did not require cold or warm stratification, and was not affected by seed coat presence or absence. Germination occurred in the dark, although germinability was two- to threefold times greater under light. At constant temperature, thermal time model estimates included 18.3 ± 1.8°C base germination temperature (Tb$({T}_{b}$ ); 28.2 ± 0.5°C optimal temperature (To$({T}_{o}$ ); and 41.0 ± 1.7°C ceiling temperature (Tc$({T}_{c}$ ). Seeds exposed to 36.0°C achieved over 10% germination, and embryos of ungerminated seeds presented 76% viability. Overall, germinability remained relatively low at constant temperatures (≤25%) but was close to 90% under alternating daily temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to diurnally fluctuating temperatures is essential for this species to achieve high germination rates. Our study reveals that I. pseudacorus has a broad germination niche supporting its establishment in a relatively wide range of environments, including at high temperatures more frequent with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane B. Gillard
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences MS‐4University of CaliforniaDavis, 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Jesús M. Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevilla41080Spain
| | - Mohsen B. Mesgaran
- Department of Plant Sciences MS‐4University of CaliforniaDavis, 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Caryn J. Futrell
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences MS‐4University of CaliforniaDavis, 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| | - Brenda J. Grewell
- USDA‐Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, Department of Plant Sciences MS‐4University of CaliforniaDavis, 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
- Department of Plant Sciences MS‐4University of CaliforniaDavis, 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA95616USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jędrzejczak E, Klichowska E, Nobis M. Effect of Rudbeckia laciniata invasion on soil seed banks of different types of meadow communities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10965. [PMID: 35768488 PMCID: PMC9242978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, biological invasions become the main driver of biodiversity loss. The changes can be noticed not only in the above-ground diversity but also in the underground, including seed banks of native vegetation. In this study, we focus on Rudbeckia laciniata, a species introduced to many European and Asian countries, to characterize its soil seed bank as well as to answer the question, how the species influenced soil seed banks of meadow plant communities in two types of habitats (fresh and wet), where traditional mowing was abandoned. Within the habitats, we conducted our study on a three-step scale of invasion, from full invasion, through the transition zone to the control zone, where no invasion of the species has been observed so far. The majority of the R. laciniata seeds were located in the surface layer of soil. We detected, that 47% (in fresh meadow) and 56% (wet meadow) of recorded species occurred only in a soil seed bank, and were absent in aboveground vegetation. Emergence of native plants from the soil seed bank is low due to rapid shading of the soil surface by R. laciniata seedlings. However, a short-term seed bank of the species gives hope that returning to regular mowing brings the desired results in its the elimination from vegetation, in a fairly short time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Jędrzejczak
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Klichowska
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Nobis
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moravcová L, Carta A, Pyšek P, Skálová H, Gioria M. Long-term seed burial reveals differences in the seed-banking strategies of naturalized and invasive alien herbs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8859. [PMID: 35614334 PMCID: PMC9132925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil seed viability and germinability dynamics can have a major influence on the establishment and spread of plants introduced beyond their native distribution range. Yet, we lack information on how temporal variability in these traits could affect the invasion process. To address this issue, we conducted an 8-year seed burial experiment examining seed viability and germinability dynamics for 21 invasive and 38 naturalized herbs in the Czech Republic. Seeds of most naturalized and invasive species persisted in the soil for several years. However, naturalized herbs exhibited greater seed longevity, on average, than invasive ones. Phylogenetic logistic models showed that seed viability (but not germinability) dynamics were significantly related to the invasion status of the study species. Seed viability declined earlier and more sharply in invasive species, and the probability of finding viable seeds of invasive species by the end of the experiment was low. Our findings suggest that invasive herbs might take advantage of high seed viability in the years immediately after dispersal, while naturalized species benefit from extended seed viability over time. These differences, however, are not sufficiently strong to explain the invasiveness of the species examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Angelino Carta
- Botany Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skálová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Margherita Gioria
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mowery MA, Lubin Y, Harari A, Mason AC, Andrade MC. Dispersal and life history of brown widow spiders in dated invasive populations on two continents. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
14
|
Peter A, Žlabur JŠ, Šurić J, Voća S, Purgar DD, Pezo L, Voća N. Invasive Plant Species Biomass-Evaluation of Functional Value. Molecules 2021; 26:3814. [PMID: 34206657 PMCID: PMC8270279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive plant species (IAS), with their numerous negative ecological, health, and economic impacts, represent one of the greatest conservation challenges in the world. Reducing the negative impacts and potentially exploiting the biomass of these plant species can significantly contribute to sustainable management, protect biodiversity, and create a healthy environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential, phytochemical status, and antioxidant capacity of nine alien invasive plant species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Datura stramonium, Erigeron annuus, Galinsoga ciliata, Reynoutria japonica, Solidago gigantea, and Sorghum halepense. Multivariate statistical methods such as cluster and PCA were performed to determine possible connections and correlations among selected IAS depending on the phytochemical content. According to the obtained results, R. japonica was notable with the highest content of vitamin C (38.46 mg/100 g FW); while E. annuus (1365.92 mg GAE/100 g FW) showed the highest values of total polyphenolic compounds. A. retroflexus was characterized by the highest content of total chlorophylls (0.26 mg/g) and antioxidant capacity (2221.97 µmol TE/kg). Therefore, it can be concluded that the selected IAS represent nutrient-rich plant material with significant potential for the recovering of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Peter
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.Š.); (S.V.); (N.V.)
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.Š.); (S.V.); (N.V.)
| | - Jona Šurić
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.Š.); (S.V.); (N.V.)
| | - Sandra Voća
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.Š.); (S.V.); (N.V.)
| | - Dubravka Dujmović Purgar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lato Pezo
- Engineering Department, Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12/V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Neven Voća
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.Š.); (S.V.); (N.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Palma E, Vesk PA, White M, Baumgartner JB, Catford JA. Plant functional traits reflect different dimensions of species invasiveness. Ecology 2021; 102:e03317. [PMID: 33638164 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trait-based invasiveness studies typically categorize exotic species as invasive or noninvasive, implicitly assuming species form two homogenous groups. However, species can become invasive in different ways (e.g., high abundance, fast spread), likely relying on different functional traits to do so. As such, binary classification may obscure traits associated with invasiveness. We tested whether (1) the way in which invasiveness is quantified influences its correlation with functional traits and (2) different demography-based metrics are related to different sets of traits. Using a case study of 251 herbs exotic to Victoria, Australia, we quantified species' invasiveness using 10 metrics: four continuous, demography-based dimensions of invasiveness (spread rate, local abundance, geographic and environmental range sizes) and six binary classifications of invasiveness (based on alternative sources and invasion criteria). We examined the correlation between species' invasiveness and a set of four traits known to relate to plant demography and invasion. Then, we examined whether different demographic dimensions of invasiveness were better explained by different sets of traits. We found that the way invasiveness was quantified was important: different traits were linked with different invasiveness metrics, and some traits showed opposite effects across metrics. Species with fast spread were either tall with small seeds (i.e., good colonizers), or had heavy, animal-dispersed seeds. Plants with a large environmental range had greater plasticity for some traits. Locally abundant plants had low SLA and heavy seeds (i.e., strong competitors). Animal dispersal was also key to reach a large geographic range. No traits were consistently related to the six binary classifications. Our results indicate that exotic plants are invasive in different ways and rely on different combinations of traits to be so. Some traits (e.g., seed mass) had complex relationships with invasion: they apparently promote, hampered, or had no influence on different dimensions of invasiveness. Our findings are consistent with the notion that plant species use strategies that may be near optimal under some, but not all, ecological conditions. Compared to binary classifications of invasiveness, the use of invasiveness dimensions advances clearer hypothesis testing in invasion science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Palma
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter A Vesk
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matt White
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - John B Baumgartner
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jane A Catford
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hybrid watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum × Myriophyllum sibiricum) exhibits traits associated with greater invasiveness than its introduced and native parental taxa. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHybridization has been associated with increased invasiveness in plants. In North America, the hybrid aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum × Myriophyllum sibiricum (hybrid watermilfoil, hereafter HWM) is a cross between non-native invasive Eurasian watermilfoil (M. spicatum, EWM) and native northern watermilfoil (M. sibiricum, NWM). Lab-based trials have demonstrated higher growth rates in HWM compared to EWM and NWM, but these patterns have not been systematically examined in the field. In this study, we compared the invasiveness of HWM to its parental taxa, EWM and NWM, by examining the amount and timing of: (1) flowering, (2) surface cover, and (3) biomass (using stem counts as a proxy). We conducted repeat surveys of Myriophyllum beds at eight lakes (2–3 lakes/taxon) in the Minneapolis–St. Paul Metropolitan area (Minnesota, USA) between June 2017 and November 2018. HWM produced more flower spikes earlier and overall, and maintained consistently more flower spikes throughout the growing season than EWM and NWM. In addition, surface cover reached greater annual peaks and was higher for longer throughout the growing season for HWM than for both parental taxa. We did not observe a significant difference in stem counts among the three taxa, but HWM did reach a higher maximum number of stems than either parental taxon. This study provides field-based evidence of increased invasiveness associated with hybridization between EWM and NWM; specifically, greater reproductive potential via flowering and greater surface cover may increase HWM spread, have greater impacts on native species, and pose more of a nuisance to lake users.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rojas-Sandoval J, Ackerman JD. Ornamentals lead the way: global influences on plant invasions in the Caribbean. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.64.62939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the historical factors associated with the invasion success of alien species in a region may help us to identify sources, vectors, and pathways that are more likely to originate new invaders. Here, we gather data for traits related to the history of introduction (e.g., continent of origin, reason for introduction, and date of introduction) of 616 alien plant species listed as invasive on 18 island groups across the Caribbean region. We used these data to evaluate how human activity has influenced plant invasions on Caribbean islands over time and whether invasion success could be driven by traits of the introduction process. We found that significantly more invasive plants (54%) were intentionally introduced for ornamental reasons than for any other purpose. Most invaders in the Caribbean are native to Asia, South America, and Africa and the cumulative number of invasive species in this region has been steadily increasing during the last 200 years, but since 1850, this trend has been led by species introduced as ornamentals. We also found a significant association between continent of origin and reason of introduction, with more invaders than expected being ornamentals from Asia and America, and forage species from Africa. Our results show that introduced ornamentals are successfully invading all major habitats across the Caribbean, exacerbating conservation issues and threatening native biodiversity. Armed with knowledge of origins and reasons for introductions, effective biosecurity actions as well as control and management strategies can be better targeted to address the problem of invasive species in the region.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu H, Le Roux JJ, Jiang Z, Sun F, Peng C, Li W. Soil nitrogen dynamics and competition during plant invasion: insights from Mikania micrantha invasions in China. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3440-3452. [PMID: 33259063 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants often change a/biotic soil conditions to increase their competitiveness. We compared the microbially mediated soil nitrogen (N) cycle of invasive Mikania micrantha and two co-occurring native competitors, Persicaria chinensis and Paederia scandens. We assessed how differences in plant tissue N content, soil nutrients, N cycling rates, microbial biomass and activity, and diversity and abundance of N-cycling microbes associated with these species impact their competitiveness. Mikania micrantha outcompeted both native species by transferring more N to plant tissue (37.9-55.8% more than natives). We found total soil N to be at lowest, and available N highest, in M. micrantha rhizospheres, suggesting higher N cycling rates compared with both natives. Higher microbial biomass and enzyme activities in M. micrantha rhizospheres confirmed this, being positively correlated with soil N mineralization rates and available N. Mikania micrantha rhizospheres harbored highly diverse N-cycling microbes, including N-fixing, ammonia-oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Structural equation models indicated that M. micrantha obtained available N via AOA-mediated nitrification mainly. Field data mirrored our experimental findings. Nitrogen availability is elevated under M. micrantha invasion through enrichment of microbes that participate in N cycling, in turn increasing available N for plant growth, facilitating high interspecific competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxia Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Changlian Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou L, Yu H, Yang K, Chen L, Yin W, Ding J. Latitudinal and Longitudinal Trends of Seed Traits Indicate Adaptive Strategies of an Invasive Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:657813. [PMID: 34177980 PMCID: PMC8222791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.657813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants may change their seed traits to adapt to the environment and facilitate their performance. Studies on variation in seed traits among populations of an invader along latitudes/longitudes may assist in revealing how invasive plants cope with variable climates. In this study, we collected seeds of 26 populations of the global invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia along ranges spanning 23° latitudes and 20° longitudes that are highly correlated in its invasive range in China. We measured over 20 seed traits, including seed morphology, phytohormone, nutrients, and germination, and investigated how the climate along the latitudes affects those traits. We found that germination time was significantly delayed with increasing latitude and longitude, while the reversed patterns were true for the germination rate. From low to high latitude, seed size, abscisic acid, and fatty acid were increased, likely affecting seed germination. Our analysis further demonstrated that temperature is the dominant driver of the variability in seed traits and germination. Germination rates of larger seeds in cold ranges were lower, while smaller seeds from warm ranges germinated faster, likely indicating adaptive strategies of the invasive plant in seed trait functional ecology. Together, our findings provide new insights into understanding the seed adaptation strategies during the invasion process and the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved.
Collapse
|
20
|
Barwell LJ, Perez-Sierra A, Henricot B, Harris A, Burgess TI, Hardy G, Scott P, Williams N, Cooke DEL, Green S, Chapman DS, Purse BV. Evolutionary trait-based approaches for predicting future global impacts of plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora. J Appl Ecol 2020; 58:718-730. [PMID: 33883780 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens are introduced to new geographical regions ever more frequently as global connectivity increases. Predicting the threat they pose to plant health can be difficult without in-depth knowledge of behaviour, distribution and spread. Here, we evaluate the potential for using biological traits and phylogeny to predict global threats from emerging pathogens.We use a species-level trait database and phylogeny for 179 Phytophthora species: oomycete pathogens impacting natural, agricultural, horticultural and forestry settings. We compile host and distribution reports for Phytophthora species across 178 countries and evaluate the power of traits, phylogeny and time since description (reflecting species-level knowledge) to explain and predict their international transport, maximum latitude and host breadth using Bayesian phylogenetic generalised linear mixed models.In the best-performing models, traits, phylogeny and time since description together explained up to 90%, 97% and 87% of variance in number of countries reached, latitudinal limits and host range, respectively. Traits and phylogeny together explained up to 26%, 41% and 34% of variance in the number of countries reached, maximum latitude and host plant families affected, respectively, but time since description had the strongest effect.Root-attacking species were reported in more countries, and on more host plant families than foliar-attacking species. Host generalist pathogens had thicker-walled resting structures (stress-tolerant oospores) and faster growth rates at their optima. Cold-tolerant species are reported in more countries and at higher latitudes, though more accurate interspecific empirical data are needed to confirm this finding. Policy implications. We evaluate the potential of an evolutionary trait-based framework to support horizon-scanning approaches for identifying pathogens with greater potential for global-scale impacts. Potential future threats from Phytophthora include Phytophthora x heterohybrida, P. lactucae, P. glovera, P. x incrassata, P. amnicola and P. aquimorbida, which are recently described, possibly under-reported species, with similar traits and/or phylogenetic proximity to other high-impact species. Priority traits to measure for emerging species may be thermal minima, oospore wall index and growth rate at optimum temperature. Trait-based horizon-scanning approaches would benefit from the development of international and cross-sectoral collaborations to deliver centralised databases incorporating pathogen distributions, traits and phylogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Treena I Burgess
- Phytophthora Science and Management Centre for Climate Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Australia
| | - Giles Hardy
- Phytophthora Science and Management Centre for Climate Impacted Terrestrial Ecosystems Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Green
- Forest Research Northern Research Station Roslin UK
| | - Daniel S Chapman
- Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Givnish TJ, Kriebel R, Zaborsky JG, Rose JP, Spalink D, Waller DM, Cameron KM, Sytsma KJ. Adaptive associations among life history, reproductive traits, environment, and origin in the Wisconsin angiosperm flora. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1677-1692. [PMID: 33315246 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE We tested 25 classic and novel hypotheses regarding trait-origin, trait-trait, and trait-environment relationships to account for flora-wide variation in life history, habit, and especially reproductive traits using a plastid DNA phylogeny of most native (96.6%, or 1494/1547 species) and introduced (87.5%, or 690/789 species) angiosperms in Wisconsin, USA. METHODS We assembled data on life history, habit, flowering, dispersal, mating system, and occurrence across open/closed/mixed habitats across species in the state phylogeny. We used phylogenetically structured analyses to assess the strength and statistical significance of associations predicted by our models. RESULTS Introduced species are more likely to be annual herbs, occupy open habitats, have large, visually conspicuous, hermaphroditic flowers, and bear passively dispersed seeds. Among native species, hermaphroditism is associated with larger, more conspicuous flowers; monoecy is associated with small, inconspicuous flowers and passive seed dispersal; and dioecy is associated with small, inconspicuous flowers and fleshy fruits. Larger flowers with more conspicuous colors are more common in open habitats, and in understory species flowering under open (spring) canopies; fleshy fruits are more common in closed habitats. Wind pollination may help favor dioecy in open habitats. CONCLUSIONS These findings support predictions regarding how breeding systems depend on flower size, flower color, and fruit type, and how those traits depend on habitat. This study is the first to combine flora-wide phylogenies with complete trait databases and phylogenetically structured analyses to provide powerful tests of evolutionary hypotheses about reproductive traits and their variation with geographic source, each other, and environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Givnish
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - John G Zaborsky
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Daniel Spalink
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Donald M Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Kenneth M Cameron
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Albright MBN, Sevanto S, Gallegos-Graves LV, Dunbar J. Biotic Interactions Are More Important than Propagule Pressure in Microbial Community Invasions. mBio 2020; 11:e02089-20. [PMID: 33109758 PMCID: PMC7593967 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02089-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial probiotics are intended to improve functions in diverse ecosystems, yet probiotics often fail to establish in a preexisting microbiome. This is a species invasion problem. The relative importance of the two major factors controlling establishment in this context-propagule pressure (inoculation dose and frequency) and biotic interactions (composition of introduced and resident communities)-is unknown. We tested the effect of these factors in driving microbial composition and functioning following 12 microbial community invasions (e.g., introductions of many microbial invaders) in microcosms. Ecosystem functioning over a 30-day postinvasion period was assessed by measuring activity (respiration) and environment modification (dissolved organic carbon abundance). To test the dependence on environmental context, experiments were performed in two resource environments. In both environments, biotic interactions were more important than propagule pressure in driving microbial composition and community function, but the magnitude of effect varied by environment. Successful invaders comprised approximately 8% of the total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Bacteria were better invaders than fungi, with average relative abundances of 7.4% ± 6.8% and 1.5% ± 1.4% of OTUs, respectively. Common bacterial invaders were associated with stress response traits. The most resilient bacterial and fungal families, in other words, those least impacted by invasions, were linked to antimicrobial resistance or production traits. Illuminating the principles that determine community composition and functioning following microbial invasions is key to efficient community engineering.IMPORTANCE With increasing frequency, humans are introducing new microbes into preexisting microbiomes to alter functioning. Example applications include modification of microflora in human guts for better health and those of soil for food security and/or climate management. Probiotic applications are often approached as trial-and-error endeavors and have mixed outcomes. We propose that increased success in microbiome engineering may be achieved with a better understanding of microbial invasions. We conducted a microbial community invasion experiment to test the relative importance of propagule pressure and biotic interactions in driving microbial community composition and ecosystem functioning in microcosms. We found that biotic interactions were more important than propagule pressure in determining the impact of microbial invasions. Furthermore, the principles for community engineering vary among organismal groups (bacteria versus fungi).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | | | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pyšek P, Bacher S, Kühn I, Novoa A, Catford JA, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU, Blackburn TM. MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macroecology is the study of patterns, and the processes that determine those patterns, in the distribution and abundance of organisms at large scales, whether they be spatial (from hundreds of kilometres to global), temporal (from decades to centuries), and organismal (numbers of species or higher taxa). In the context of invasion ecology, macroecological studies include, for example, analyses of the richness, diversity, distribution, and abundance of alien species in regional floras and faunas, spatio-temporal dynamics of alien species across regions, and cross-taxonomic analyses of species traits among comparable native and alien species pools. However, macroecological studies aiming to explain and predict plant and animal naturalisations and invasions, and the resulting impacts, have, to date, rarely considered the joint effects of species traits, environment, and socioeconomic characteristics. To address this, we present the MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA). The MAFIA explains the invasion phenomenon using three interacting classes of factors – alien species traits, location characteristics, and factors related to introduction events – and explicitly maps these interactions onto the invasion sequence from transport to naturalisation to invasion. The framework therefore helps both to identify how anthropogenic effects interact with species traits and environmental characteristics to determine observed patterns in alien distribution, abundance, and richness; and to clarify why neglecting anthropogenic effects can generate spurious conclusions. Event-related factors include propagule pressure, colonisation pressure, and residence time that are important for mediating the outcome of invasion processes. However, because of context dependence, they can bias analyses, for example those that seek to elucidate the role of alien species traits. In the same vein, failure to recognise and explicitly incorporate interactions among the main factors impedes our understanding of which macroecological invasion patterns are shaped by the environment, and of the importance of interactions between the species and their environment. The MAFIA is based largely on insights from studies of plants and birds, but we believe it can be applied to all taxa, and hope that it will stimulate comparative research on other groups and environments. By making the biases in macroecological analyses of biological invasions explicit, the MAFIA offers an opportunity to guide assessments of the context dependence of invasions at broad geographical scales.
Collapse
|
24
|
Nengovhela A, Denys C, Taylor PJ. Life history and habitat do not mediate temporal changes in body size due to climate warming in rodents. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9792. [PMID: 33024624 PMCID: PMC7520088 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal changes in body size have been documented in a number of vertebrate species, with different contested drivers being suggested to explain these changes. Among these are climate warming, resource availability, competition, predation risk, human population density, island effects and others. Both life history traits (intrinsic factors such as lifespan and reproductive rate) and habitat (extrinsic factors such as vegetation type, latitude and elevation) are expected to mediate the existence of a significant temporal response of body size to climate warming but neither have been widely investigated. Using examples of rodents, we predicted that both life history traits and habitat might explain the probability of temporal response using two tests of this hypothesis. Firstly, taking advantage of new data from museum collections spanning the last 106 years, we investigated geographical and temporal variation in cranial size (a proxy for body size) in six African rodent species of two murid subfamilies (Murinae and Gerbillinae) of varying life history, degree of commensality, range size, and habitat. Two species, the commensal Mastomys natalensis, and the non-commensal Otomys unisulcatus showed significant temporal changes in body size, with the former increasing and the latter decreasing, in relation with climate warming. Commensalism could explain the increase in size with time due to steadily increasing food availability through increased agricultural production. Apart from this, we found no general life history or habitat predictors of a temporal response in African rodents. Secondly, in order to further test this hypothesis, we incorporated our data into a meta-analysis based on published literature on temporal responses in rodents, resulting in a combined dataset for 50 species from seven families worldwide; among these, 29 species showed no significant change, eight showed a significant increase in size, and 13 showed a decline in size. Using a binomial logistic regression model for these metadata, we found that none of our chosen life history or habitat predictors could significantly explain the probability of a temporal response to climate warming, reinforcing our conclusion based on the more detailed data from the six African species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aluwani Nengovhela
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Christiane Denys
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Peter J Taylor
- South African Research Chair in Biodiversity Value and Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa.,Zoology and Entomology Department and Afromontane Research Unit, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Valkó O, Lukács K, Deák B, Kiss R, Miglécz T, Tóth K, Tóth Á, Godó L, Radócz S, Sonkoly J, Kelemen A, Tóthmérész B. Laundry washing increases dispersal efficiency of cloth-dispersed propagules. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.61.53730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to increased human mobility, cloth-dispersed propagules can be transported over long distances, which would not have been bridged otherwise. We studied a potentially important component of human-mediated seed dispersal by assessing the effects of laundry washing on the dispersed propagules. We studied the germination of 18 species, which have morphological adaptations for epizoochory and are commonly dispersed by people. We tested six treatments (washing with water, soap nut or detergent, at 30 °C or 60 °C) compared to an untreated control. Washing intensity was the most significant factor affecting germination. Washing at 30 °C was neutral for 14 species, suppressed one species and supported three species. Washing at 60 °C decreased seedling numbers of half of the studied species. The intensive washing treatments at 60 °C significantly decreased the synchrony of germination. We showed that people are not purely transporting propagules from one location to another, but via the laundry cycle, we can also influence the fate of the transported propagules by affecting germination potential, seedling fitness and germination dynamics. These results have new implications for understanding the early stages of biological invasions and call for improved biosecurity measures in nature reserves subjected to a growing pressure of tourism.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hock M, Hofmann R, Essl F, Pyšek P, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A. Native distribution characteristics rather than functional traits explain preadaptation of invasive species to high‐UV‐B environments. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hock
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany Kiel University Kiel Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany Kiel University Kiel Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nascimento CEDS, da Silva CAD, Leal IR, Tavares WDS, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC, Tabarelli M. Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9607. [PMID: 32953255 PMCID: PMC7474883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early seedling performance and consequently the P. juliflora invasive potential. Methods Seed germination, early seedling survival, life expectancy and soil attributes were examined in 10 plots located across three habitats (flooding plain, alluvial terrace and plateau) into a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest (a total of 12,000 seeds). Seeds were exposed to four seed dispersal methods: deposition on the soil surface, burial in the soil, passed through cattle (Boss taurus) digestive tracts and mixed with cattle manure and passed through mule (Equus africanus asinus × Equus ferus caballus) digestive tracts and mixed with mule manure. Seeds and seedlings were monitored through a year and their performance examined with expectancy tables. Results Soils differed among habitats, particularly its nutrient availability, texture and water with finely-textured and more fertile soils in the flooding plain. Total seed germination was relatively low (14.5%), with the highest score among seeds buried in the flooding plain (47.4 ± 25.3%). Seed dispersal by cattle and mule also positively impacted seed germination. Early seedling survival rate of P. juliflora was dramatically reduced with few seedlings still alive elapsed a year. Survival rate was highest in the first 30 days and declined between 30 and 60 days with stabilization at 70 days after germination in all seed treatments and habitats. However, survival and life expectancy were higher in the flooding plain at 75 days and lower in the plateau. Prosopis juliflora seedling survival and life expectancy were higher in the case seeds were mixed with cattle manure. Synthesis Prosopis juliflora seeds and seedlings are sensitive to water stress and habitat desiccation. Therefore, they benefit from the humid soils often present across human-disturbed flooding plains. This plant also benefits from seed deposition/dispersal by livestock in these landscapes, since cattle manure represents a nutrient-rich and humid substrate for both seeds and seedlings. The quality of the seed dispersal service varies among livestock species, but this key mutualism between exotic species is due to the arillate, hard-coated and palatable seeds. Prosopis juliflora traits allow this species to take multiple benefits from human presence and thus operating as a human commensal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clóvis Eduardo de Souza Nascimento
- Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Inara Roberta Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Wagner de Souza Tavares
- Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Do Habitats Show a Different Invasibility Pattern by Alien Plant Species? A Test on a Wetland Protected Area. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12070267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are deemed to be the second most important global driver of biodiversity loss, right behind habitat destruction and fragmentation. In this study, we aimed at testing if community invasibility, defined as the vulnerability to invasion of a community, could be associated with the characteristics of a given habitat, as described by the composition and structure of its native species. Based on a probabilistic sampling of the alien flora occurring in the temperate wetland Lake Doberdò (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy) and using a null-model-based approach, the observed occurrence of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) within sampling units was randomized within habitats. While testing the degree of invasibility for each habitat within the wetland, our null hypothesis postulated that habitats are equally invaded by IAS, as IAS can spread homogeneously in the environment thanks to their plasticity in functional traits that makes them able to cope with different ecological conditions. The obtained results comparing observed IAS frequencies, abundance and richness to those obtained by the null model randomizations show that, for all habitats, invasion was selective. Specifically, a marked preference for habitats with an intermediate disturbance level, a high nutrients level and a medium-high light availability was observed, while an avoidance was detected for habitats characterized by lower levels of nutrients and light availability or extreme conditions caused by prolonged submersion. This method allows us to provide useful information using a simple-to-run simulation for the management of the IAS threat within protected areas. Moreover, the method allows us to infer important ecological characteristics leading to habitat invasion without sampling the environmental characteristic of the habitats, which is an expensive operation in terms of time and money.
Collapse
|
29
|
Schlägel UE, Grimm V, Blaum N, Colangeli P, Dammhahn M, Eccard JA, Hausmann SL, Herde A, Hofer H, Joshi J, Kramer-Schadt S, Litwin M, Lozada-Gobilard SD, Müller MEH, Müller T, Nathan R, Petermann JS, Pirhofer-Walzl K, Radchuk V, Rillig MC, Roeleke M, Schäfer M, Scherer C, Schiro G, Scholz C, Teckentrup L, Tiedemann R, Ullmann W, Voigt CC, Weithoff G, Jeltsch F. Movement-mediated community assembly and coexistence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1073-1096. [PMID: 32627362 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organismal movement is ubiquitous and facilitates important ecological mechanisms that drive community and metacommunity composition and hence biodiversity. In most existing ecological theories and models in biodiversity research, movement is represented simplistically, ignoring the behavioural basis of movement and consequently the variation in behaviour at species and individual levels. However, as human endeavours modify climate and land use, the behavioural processes of organisms in response to these changes, including movement, become critical to understanding the resulting biodiversity loss. Here, we draw together research from different subdisciplines in ecology to understand the impact of individual-level movement processes on community-level patterns in species composition and coexistence. We join the movement ecology framework with the key concepts from metacommunity theory, community assembly and modern coexistence theory using the idea of micro-macro links, where various aspects of emergent movement behaviour scale up to local and regional patterns in species mobility and mobile-link-generated patterns in abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. These in turn influence both individual movement and, at ecological timescales, mechanisms such as dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, and niche partitioning. We conclude by highlighting challenges to and promising future avenues for data generation, data analysis and complementary modelling approaches and provide a brief outlook on how a new behaviour-based view on movement becomes important in understanding the responses of communities under ongoing environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike E Schlägel
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Colangeli
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Hausmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Herde
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Landscape and Open Space, Hochschule für Technik HSR Rapperswil, Seestrasse 10, 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Litwin
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sissi D Lozada-Gobilard
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina E H Müller
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ran Nathan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Movement Ecology Laboratory, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jana S Petermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Pirhofer-Walzl
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Radchuk
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Roeleke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merlin Schäfer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Scherer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Scholz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Teckentrup
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Behavioral Biology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guntram Weithoff
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Functional Divergence Drives Invasibility of Plant Communities at the Edges of a Resource Availability Gradient. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are a serious threat to biodiversity, severely affecting natural habitats and species assemblages. However, no consistent empirical evidence emerged on which functional traits or trait combination may foster community invasibility. Novel insights on the functional features promoting community invasibility may arise from the use of mechanistic traits, like those associated with drought resistance, which have been seldom included in trait-based studies. Here, we tested for the functional strategies of native and invasive assemblage (i.e., environmental filtering hypothesis vs. niche divergence), and we assessed how the functional space determined by native species could influence community invasibility at the edges of a resource availability gradient. Our results showed that invasive species pools need to have a certain degree of differentiation in order to persist in highly invaded communities, suggesting that functional niche divergence may foster community invasibility. In addition, resident native communities more susceptible to invasion are those which, on average, have higher resource acquisition capacity, and lower drought resistance coupled with an apparently reduced water-use efficiency. We advocate the use of a mechanistic perspective in future research to comprehensively understand invasion dynamics, providing also new insights on the factors underlying community invasibility in different ecosystems.
Collapse
|
31
|
Skálová H, Moravcová L, Čuda J, Pyšek P. Seed-bank dynamics of native and invasive Impatiens species during a five-year field experiment under various environmental conditions. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.50.34827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent evidence on the important role of seed banks associated with plant invasions, and a large body of literature on invasive annual Impatiens species, little is known about the seed bank characteristics of Impatiens species. To bridge this gap, we conducted a five-year field experiment where we buried seeds of two invasive species (I. glandulifera and I. parviflora) and one native species (I. noli-tangere) across four localities in the Czech Republic, harbouring all three Impatiens species and differing in the environmental conditions. We found that the three Impatiens species differed in the characteristics of their seed banks. Both invasive species had a high seed germination rate of almost 100% in the first year after seed burial, while <50% of seeds of the native I. noli-tangere germinated during this year. In I. parviflora all seeds germinated in the first year after seed burial and later decomposed, i.e. the species had a transient seed bank. For I. glandulifera, the most invasive species, the survival of seeds differed among localities. At the first and second localities, the seeds decomposed in the first year after seed burial; in the third locality the seeds germinated in the second year; and in the fourth one, the seeds still germinated in the fourth year. The native I. noli-tangere formed a short-term persistent seed bank across all localities. Germinating or dormant seeds were found in the third year after burial in all localities, and in one locality the seeds persisted until the fifth year. The germination and dormancy in I. noli-tangere were constrained by low minimum temperatures during winter. In addition, germination was highest at intermediate soil moisture, and the most dormant seeds were recorded in soils with intermediate nitrogen concentration. The germination of I. glandulifera was slightly limited by low soil nitrogen. However, no such effect was found in I. parviflora. We suggest that in the invasive Impatiens species seed resistance to environmental factors and high germination at least partly explain their wide distribution.
Collapse
|
32
|
Du L, Liu H, Guan W, Li J, Li J. Drought affects the coordination of belowground and aboveground resource-related traits in Solidago canadensis in China. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9948-9960. [PMID: 31534706 PMCID: PMC6745655 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying patterns of variation and coordination of plant functional traits can help to understand the mechanisms underlying both invasiveness and adaptation of plants. Little is known about the coordinated variations of performance and functional traits of different organs in invasive plants, especially in response to their adaptation to environmental stressors. To identify the responses of the invasive species Solidago canadensis to drought, 180 individuals were randomly collected from 15 populations and 212 ramets were replanted in a greenhouse to investigate both the response and coordination between root and leaf functional traits. Drought significantly decreased plant growth and most of the root and leaf functional traits, that is, root length, surface area, volume and leaf size, number, and mass fraction, except for the root length ratio and root mass fraction. Phenotypic plasticity was higher in root traits than in leaf traits in response to drought, and populations did not differ significantly. The plasticity of most root functional traits, that is, root length (RL), root surface area (RSA), root volume (RV), and root mass fraction (RMF), were significantly positively correlated with biomass between control and drought. However, the opposite was found for leaf functional traits, that is, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf mass fraction (LMF). Drought enhanced the relationship between root and leaf, that is, 26 pairwise root-leaf traits were significantly correlated under drought, while only 15 pairwise root-leaf traits were significantly correlated under control conditions. Significant correlations were found between biomass and all measured functional traits except for leaf size. RV, root length ratio, RMF, total area of leaves, and LMF responded differently to water availability. These responses enable S. canadensis to cope with drought conditions and may help to explain the reason of the vast ecological amplitude of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leshan Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions AssessmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
- Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haiyan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions AssessmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | | | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Junsheng Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions AssessmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fenesi A, Sándor D, Pyšek P, Dawson W, Ruprecht E, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Winter M, Van Kleunen M. The role of fruit heteromorphism in the naturalization of Asteraceae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:1043-1052. [PMID: 30715141 PMCID: PMC6589514 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fruit heteromorphism is considered to be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatially or temporally heterogeneous environments. The different behaviours of the fruit morphs of the same species might also be beneficial during naturalization, once the species has been introduced to a new range. Yet, no study to date has tested the association between fruit heteromorphism and global-scale naturalization success for a large set of plant species. METHODS We compiled two large datasets on fruit heteromorphism in Asteraceae. One dataset was on native species in Central Europe (n = 321) and the other was on species frequently planted as ornamentals (n = 584). Using phylogenetic linear and logistic regressions, we tested whether heteromorphic species are more likely to naturalize outside their native range, and in more regions of the world than monomorphic species. We also tested whether the effect of heteromorphism is modulated by life history and height of the species. KEY RESULTS We show that heteromorphic species were more likely to naturalize outside their native range. However, among the naturalized species, heteromorphic and monomorphic species did not differ in the number of world regions where they became naturalized. A short life span and tall stature both promoted naturalization success and, when life history and height were included in the models, the effect of fruit heteromorphism on the ability to naturalize became non-significant. Nevertheless, among tall plants, heteromorphic ornamental species were significantly more likely to become naturalized in general and in more regions than monomorphic species. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that in Asteraceae the production of heteromorphic fruits is associated with naturalization success. It appears, however, that not fruit heteromorphism per se, but a successful combination of other biological traits in fruit heteromorphic species, namely short life span and tall stature, contributes to their naturalization success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Fenesi
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- For correspondence.
| | - Dorottya Sándor
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petr Pyšek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Eszter Ruprecht
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Franz Essl
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark Van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gioria M, Le Roux JJ, Hirsch H, Moravcová L, Pyšek P. Characteristics of the soil seed bank of invasive and non-invasive plants in their native and alien distribution range. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
35
|
Catford JA, Smith AL, Wragg PD, Clark AT, Kosmala M, Cavender-Bares J, Reich PB, Tilman D. Traits linked with species invasiveness and community invasibility vary with time, stage and indicator of invasion in a long-term grassland experiment. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:593-604. [PMID: 30779414 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much uncertainty remains about traits linked with successful invasion - the establishment and spread of non-resident species into existing communities. Using a 20-year experiment, where 50 non-resident (but mostly native) grassland plant species were sown into savannah plots, we ask how traits linked with invasion depend on invasion stage (establishment, spread), indicator of invasion success (occupancy, relative abundance), time, environmental conditions, propagule rain, and traits of invaders and invaded communities. Trait data for 164 taxa showed that invader occupancy was primarily associated with traits of invaders, traits of recipient communities, and invader-community interactions. Invader abundance was more strongly associated with community traits (e.g. proportion legume) and trait differences between invaders and the most similar resident species. Annuals and invaders with high-specific leaf area were only successful early in stand development, whereas invaders with conservative carbon capture strategies persisted long-term. Our results indicate that invasion is context-dependent and long-term experiments are required to comprehensively understand invasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia.,Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Annabel L Smith
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter D Wragg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Adam T Clark
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Synthesis Centre for Biodiversity Sciences (sDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margaret Kosmala
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McCary MA, Zellner M, Wise DH. The role of plant-mycorrhizal mutualisms in deterring plant invasions: Insights from an individual-based model. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2018-2030. [PMID: 30847089 PMCID: PMC6392346 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that determine invasion success for non-native plants is crucial for maintaining global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. One hypothesized mechanism by which many exotic plants can become invasive is through the disruption of key plant-mycorrhizal mutualisms, yet few studies have investigated how these disruptions can lead to invader success. We present an individual-based model to examine how mutualism strengths between a native plant (Impatiens capensis) and mycorrhizal fungus can influence invasion success for a widespread plant invader, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard). Two questions were investigated as follows: (a) How does the strength of the mutualism between the native I. capensis and a mycorrhizal fungus affect resistance (i.e., native plant maintaining >60% of final equilibrium plant density) to garlic mustard invasion? (b) Is there a non-linear relationship between initial garlic mustard density and invasiveness (i.e., garlic mustard representing >60% of final equilibrium plant density)? Our findings indicate that either low (i.e., facultative) or high (i.e., obligate) mutualism strengths between the native plant and mycorrhizal fungus were more likely to lead to garlic mustard invasiveness than intermediate levels, which resulted in higher resistance to garlic mustard invasion. Intermediate mutualism strengths allowed I. capensis to take advantage of increased fitness when the fungus was present but remained competitive enough to sustain high numbers without the fungus. Though strong mutualisms had the highest fitness without the invader, they proved most susceptible to invasion because the loss of the mycorrhizal fungus resulted in a reproductive output too low to compete with garlic mustard. Weak mutualisms were more competitive than strong mutualisms but still led to garlic mustard invasion. Furthermore, we found that under intermediate mutualism strengths, the initial density of garlic mustard (as a proxy for different levels of plant invasion) did not influence its invasion success, as high initial densities of garlic mustard did not lead to it becoming dominant. Our results indicate that plants that form weak or strong mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi are most vulnerable to invasion, whereas intermediate mutualisms provide the highest resistance to an allelopathic invader.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. McCary
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinois
- Present address:
Department of EntomologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Moira Zellner
- Institute for Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinois
- Department of Urban Planning and PolicyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinois
| | - David H. Wise
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinois
- Institute for Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of IllinoisChicagoIllinois
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Williams J, Lambert AM, Long R, Saltonstall K. Does hybrid Phragmites australis differ from native and introduced lineages in reproductive, genetic, and morphological traits? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:29-41. [PMID: 30633812 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Hybridization between previously isolated species or lineages can stimulate invasiveness because of increased genetic diversity and inherited traits facilitating competitive and reproductive potential. We evaluated differences in stand characteristics and sexual and vegetative reproduction among native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites australis lineages in the southwestern United States. We also assessed the degree of hybridization among lineages and backcrossing of hybrids with parental lineages. METHODS Growth and morphological characteristics were measured in native, introduced, and hybrid Phragmites stands to evaluate relative cover and dominance in associated plant communities. Panicles were collected from stands to evaluate germination, dormancy, and differences in seed traits. Seedlings from germination trials were genotyped to determine frequency of crossing and backcrossing among lineages. KEY RESULTS Introduced and hybrid Phragmites stands had significantly greater stem and panicle densities than native stands and were more likely to be dominant members of their respective plant communities. Hybrid seed outputs were significantly greater, but hybrid seeds had lower germination rates than those from native and introduced lineages. We detected a novel hybridization event between native and introduced lineages, but found no strong evidence of hybrids backcrossing with parental lineages. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid Phragmites in the Southwest exhibits reproductive, genetic, and morphological characteristics from both parental lineages that facilitate dispersal, establishment, and aggressive growth, including high reproductive output, rhizome viability, and aboveground biomass, with smaller seeds and greater genetic diversity than its progenitors. Our results show hybrids can inherit traits that confer invasiveness and provide insight for managing this species complex and other cryptic species with native and introduced variants with potential for intraspecific hybridization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Williams
- Marine Science Institute and Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6150, USA
| | - Adam M Lambert
- Marine Science Institute and Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-6150, USA
| | - Randy Long
- Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Martín-Forés I, Casado MA, Castro I, del Pozo A, Molina-Montenegro M, De Miguel JM, Acosta-Gallo B. Variation in phenology and overall performance traits can help to explain the plant invasion process amongst Mediterranean ecosystems. NEOBIOTA 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.41.29965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant traits such as phenological development, growth rate, stress tolerance and seeds production may play an important role in the process of acclimatisation to new environments for introduced plants. Experiments that distinguish phenotypic plasticity from ecotypic differentiation would allow an understanding of the role of plant traits in the invasion process. We quantified the variation in phenological and overall performance traits associated with the invasion process for three herbaceous species native to Spain and invasive to Chile (Trifoliumglomeratum, Hypochaerisglabra and Leontodonsaxatilis). We grew plants from native and exotic populations along rainfall gradients in outdoor common gardens, located in the native and the introduced ranges and measured plant survival, phenology (days to flowering), biomass and seed output. Days to flowering was positively correlated with precipitation of the origin population for T.glomeratum and the native populations of H.glabra, but this pattern was not adaptive, as it was not associated with an increase in performance traits of these species. Phenology may instead reflect ecotypic differentiation to the environmental conditions of the original populations. Comparison between ranges (i.e. performance in both common gardens) was only possible for L.saxatilis. This species showed little variation in phenology and both native and exotic populations had higher fitness in the introduced range. This suggests that plasticity enhances invasiveness through increased propagule pressure in the novel environment. Our findings highlight the utility of common garden experiments in examining patterns of phenological and performance traits that relate to species invasiveness.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
|
41
|
Martín-Forés I, Acosta-Gallo B, Castro I, de Miguel JM, del Pozo A, Casado MA. The invasiveness of Hypochaeris glabra (Asteraceae): Responses in morphological and reproductive traits for exotic populations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198849. [PMID: 29902275 PMCID: PMC6002075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have been interested in many topics driven by biological invasions, such as shifts in the area of distribution of plant species and rapid evolution. Invasiveness of exotic plant species depends on variations on morphological and reproductive traits potentially associated with reproductive fitness and dispersal ability, which are expected to undergo changes during the invasion process. Numerous Asteraceae are invasive and display dimorphic fruits, resulting in a bet-hedging dispersal strategy –wind-dispersed fruits versus animal-dispersed fruits–. We explored phenotypic differentiation in seed morphology and reproductive traits of exotic (Chilean) and native (Spanish) populations of Hypochaeris glabra. We collected flower heads from five Spanish and five Chilean populations along rainfall gradients in both countries. We planted seeds from the ten populations in a common garden trial within the exotic range to explore their performance depending on the country of origin (native or exotic) and the environmental conditions at population origin (precipitation and nutrient availability). We scored plant biomass, reproductive traits and fruit dimorphism patterns. We observed a combination of bet-hedging strategy together with phenotypic differentiation. Native populations relied more on bet-hedging while exotic populations always displayed greater proportion of wind-dispersed fruits than native ones. This pattern may reflect a strategy that might entail a more efficient long distance dispersal of H. glabra seeds in the exotic range, which in turn can enhance the invasiveness of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Forés
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences (BGC-MNCN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | - Isabel Castro
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. de Miguel
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A. Casado
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Running bamboo species pose a greater invasion risk than clumping bamboo species in the continental United States. J Nat Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
43
|
Matthews J, Velde G, Collas FPL, de Hoop L, Koopman KR, Hendriks AJ, Leuven RSEW. Inconsistencies in the risk classification of alien species and implications for risk assessment in the European Union. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthews
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E) Nature Plaza P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - G. Velde
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E) Nature Plaza P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center P.O. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - F. P. L. Collas
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E) Nature Plaza P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - L. de Hoop
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E) Nature Plaza P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - K. R. Koopman
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E) Nature Plaza P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - R. S. E. W. Leuven
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E) Nature Plaza P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Martín-Forés I, Avilés M, Acosta-Gallo B, Breed MF, Del Pozo A, de Miguel JM, Sánchez-Jardón L, Castro I, Ovalle C, Casado MA. Ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity combine to enhance the invasiveness of the most widespread daisy in Chile, Leontodon saxatilis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1546. [PMID: 28484207 PMCID: PMC5431524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and reproductive traits of successful plant invaders are expected to undergo strong selection during biological invasions. Numerous Asteraceae are invasive and display dimorphic fruits within a single flower head, resulting in differential dispersal pathways - wind-dispersed fruits vs. non-dispersing fruits. We explored ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of seed output and fruit dimorphisms in exotic Chilean and native Spanish populations of Leontodon saxatilis subsp. rothii. We collected flower heads from populations in Spain and Chile along a rainfall gradient. Seeds from all populations were planted in reciprocal transplant trials in Spain and Chile to explore their performance in the native and invasive range. We scored plant biomass, reproductive investment and fruit dimorphism. We observed strong plasticity, where plants grown in the invasive range had much greater biomass, flower head size and seed output, with a higher proportion of wind-dispersed fruits, than those grown in the native range. We also observed a significant ecotype effect, where the exotic populations displayed higher proportions of wind-dispersed fruits than native populations. Together, these patterns reflect a combination of phenotypic plasticity and ecotypic differentiation, indicating that Leontodon saxatilis has probably increased propagule pressure and dispersal distances in its invasive range to enhance its invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Forés
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain.
- King Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Marta Avilés
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin F Breed
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - José M de Miguel
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Castro
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ovalle
- Agricultural Research Institute INIA-La Cruz, La Cruz, Chile
| | - Miguel A Casado
- Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Özkan Ş, Vitali A, Lacetera N, Amon B, Bannink A, Bartley DJ, Blanco-Penedo I, de Haas Y, Dufrasne I, Elliott J, Eory V, Fox NJ, Garnsworthy PC, Gengler N, Hammami H, Kyriazakis I, Leclère D, Lessire F, Macleod M, Robinson TP, Ruete A, Sandars DL, Shrestha S, Stott AW, Twardy S, Vanrobays ML, Ahmadi BV, Weindl I, Wheelhouse N, Williams AG, Williams HW, Wilson AJ, Østergaard S, Kipling RP. Challenges and priorities for modelling livestock health and pathogens in the context of climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:130-144. [PMID: 27475053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has the potential to impair livestock health, with consequences for animal welfare, productivity, greenhouse gas emissions, and human livelihoods and health. Modelling has an important role in assessing the impacts of climate change on livestock systems and the efficacy of potential adaptation strategies, to support decision making for more efficient, resilient and sustainable production. However, a coherent set of challenges and research priorities for modelling livestock health and pathogens under climate change has not previously been available. To identify such challenges and priorities, researchers from across Europe were engaged in a horizon-scanning study, involving workshop and questionnaire based exercises and focussed literature reviews. Eighteen key challenges were identified and grouped into six categories based on subject-specific and capacity building requirements. Across a number of challenges, the need for inventories relating model types to different applications (e.g. the pathogen species, region, scale of focus and purpose to which they can be applied) was identified, in order to identify gaps in capability in relation to the impacts of climate change on animal health. The need for collaboration and learning across disciplines was highlighted in several challenges, e.g. to better understand and model complex ecological interactions between pathogens, vectors, wildlife hosts and livestock in the context of climate change. Collaboration between socio-economic and biophysical disciplines was seen as important for better engagement with stakeholders and for improved modelling of the costs and benefits of poor livestock health. The need for more comprehensive validation of empirical relationships, for harmonising terminology and measurements, and for building capacity for under-researched nations, systems and health problems indicated the importance of joined up approaches across nations. The challenges and priorities identified can help focus the development of modelling capacity and future research structures in this vital field. Well-funded networks capable of managing the long-term development of shared resources are required in order to create a cohesive modelling community equipped to tackle the complex challenges of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Şeyda Özkan
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, Ås 1430, Norway
| | - Andrea Vitali
- University of Tuscia, Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Via San Camillo De Lellis, snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Nicola Lacetera
- University of Tuscia, Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), Via San Camillo De Lellis, snc, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Barbara Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - Dave J Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Isabel Blanco-Penedo
- Animal Welfare Subprogram, IRTA, Veinat de Sies s/n, Monells, Girona 17121, Spain
| | - Yvette de Haas
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Dufrasne
- Nutrition Unit, Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20, Bât. B43, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - John Elliott
- ADAS UK Ltd, 4205 Park Approach, Thorpe Park, Leeds LS15 8GB, UK
| | - Vera Eory
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Naomi J Fox
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roslin Institute Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Phil C Garnsworthy
- University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nicolas Gengler
- Agriculture, Bio-engineering and Chemistry Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Hedi Hammami
- Agriculture, Bio-engineering and Chemistry Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David Leclère
- Ecosystems Services and Management program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
| | - Françoise Lessire
- Nutrition Unit, Animal Production Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20, Bât. B43, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Michael Macleod
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Timothy P Robinson
- Livestock Systems and Environment, International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Alejandro Ruete
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ullsvägen 16, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Daniel L Sandars
- School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Shailesh Shrestha
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Alistair W Stott
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Stanislaw Twardy
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences at Falenty (P122) Malopolska Research Centre in Krakow, ul. Ulanow 21B, 31-450 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marie-Laure Vanrobays
- Agriculture, Bio-engineering and Chemistry Department, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2, Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Bouda Vosough Ahmadi
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Isabelle Weindl
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam 14469, Germany; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), PO Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Adrian G Williams
- School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Hefin W Williams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, 1st Floor, Stapledon Building, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EE, UK
| | | | - Søren Østergaard
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Richard P Kipling
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, 1st Floor, Stapledon Building, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Quantifying the seed bank of an invasive grass in the sub-Antarctic: seed density, depth, persistence and viability. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
|
49
|
Castro S, Castro M, Ferrero V, Costa J, Tavares D, Navarro L, Loureiro J. Invasion Fosters Change: Independent Evolutionary Shifts in Reproductive Traits after Oxalis pes-caprae L. Introduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:874. [PMID: 27446109 PMCID: PMC4919335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions offer optimal scenarios to study evolutionary changes under contemporary timescales. After long-distance dispersal, exotic species have to cope with strong mate limitation, and shifts toward uniparental reproduction have been hypothesized to be selectively advantageous. Oxalis pes-caprae is a clonal tristylous species native to South Africa, and invasive in Mediterranean regions worldwide. It reproduces sexually and asexually but the importance of each strategy differs between ranges. Native populations reproduce mostly sexually while in invasive ones asexual reproduction is the prevailing strategy due to the dominance of pentaploid monomorphic populations. Nevertheless, two contrasting scenarios have been observed after introduction: transition toward clonality, and re-acquisition of sexuality fueled by multiple introductions of compatible mates. Here, we aimed to assess evolutionary changes of reproductive traits in O. pes-caprae invasive populations and evaluate whether these traits could be related with invasion success and prevalence of certain forms in the western Mediterranean basin. Sexual and asexual reproduction traits were quantified under optimal conditions in a common garden experiment including native and invasive sexual, predominately asexual, and obligated asexual individuals. Different reproductive, ecological, and genetic constraints created by long-distance dispersal seem to have generated different selective pressures in sexual and asexual traits, with our results supporting evolutionary changes in invasive populations of O. pes-caprae. Native plants had higher sexual fitness, while a transition toward clonality was clear for invasive forms, supporting clonal reproduction as a major trait driving invasion. Differences were also observed among invasive plants, with sexual forms having increased dispersal potential; thus, they are expected to be in advantage in comparison with predominantly asexual and obligated asexual plants, and may become widespread in the future. Historical processes, like the initial introduction of predominantly asexual forms followed by sexual forms more recently, could be in the origin of current distribution patterns of O. pes-caprae in the western Mediterranean. This study shows that invasion processes are very dynamic and that ecological and genetic constraints determined by the invasion process may originate different reproductive strategies that are likely to determine invasion success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Sílvia Castro,
| | - Mariana Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Victoria Ferrero
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of VigoVigo, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joana Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Tavares
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Navarro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of VigoVigo, Spain
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Marx HE, Giblin DE, Dunwiddie PW, Tank DC. Deconstructing Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum in the San Juan Islands using community phylogenetics and functional traits. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Marx
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA
| | - David E. Giblin
- Herbarium, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Peter W. Dunwiddie
- Herbarium, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - David C. Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA
| |
Collapse
|