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Tay ZHY, Ng FL, Thong CH, Lee CW, Gnana Kumar G, Al-Sehemi AG, Phang SM. Evaluation of selected tropical marine microalgal cultures for use in biophotovoltaic platforms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:71. [PMID: 38194143 PMCID: PMC10776707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the bioelectrical power generation potential of four tropical marine microalgal strains native to Malaysia was investigated using BPV platforms. Chlorella UMACC 258 produced the highest power density (0.108 mW m-2), followed by Halamphora subtropica UMACC 370 (0.090 mW m-2), Synechococcus UMACC 371 (0.065 mW m-2) and Parachlorella UMACC 245 (0.017 mW m-2). The chlorophyll-a (chl-a) content was examined to have a linear positive relationship with the power density (p < 0.05). The photosynthetic performance of strains was studied using the pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer; parameters measured include the following: maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), alpha (α), maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), photo-adaptive index (Ek) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The Fv/Fm values of all strains, except Synechococcus UMACC 371, ranged between 0.37 and 0.50 during exponential and stationary growth phases, suggesting their general health during those periods. The low Fv/Fm value of Synechococcus UMACC 371 was possibly caused by the presence of background fluorescence from phycobilisomes or phycobiliproteins. Electrochemical studies via cyclic voltammetry (CV) suggest the presence of electrochemically active proteins on the cellular surface of strains on the carbon anode of the BPV platform, while morphological studies via field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) imaging verify the biocompatibility of the biofilms on the carbon anode. KEY POINTS: • Maximum power output of 0.108 mW m-2 is recorded by Chlorella UMACC 258 • There is a positive correlation between chl-a content and power output • Proven biocompatibility between biofilms and carbon anode sans exogenous mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Hui-Yee Tay
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fong-Lee Ng
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng-Han Thong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G Gnana Kumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Faculty of Engineering Technology & Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Pfennig T, Kullmann E, Zavřel T, Nakielski A, Ebenhöh O, Červený J, Bernát G, Matuszyńska AB. Shedding light on blue-green photosynthesis: A wavelength-dependent mathematical model of photosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012445. [PMID: 39264951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria hold great potential to revolutionize conventional industries and farming practices with their light-driven chemical production. To fully exploit their photosynthetic capacity and enhance product yield, it is crucial to investigate their intricate interplay with the environment including the light intensity and spectrum. Mathematical models provide valuable insights for optimizing strategies in this pursuit. In this study, we present an ordinary differential equation-based model for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to assess its performance under various light sources, including monochromatic light. Our model can reproduce a variety of physiologically measured quantities, e.g. experimentally reported partitioning of electrons through four main pathways, O2 evolution, and the rate of carbon fixation for ambient and saturated CO2. By capturing the interactions between different components of a photosynthetic system, our model helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms driving system behavior. Our model qualitatively reproduces fluorescence emitted under various light regimes, replicating Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry experiments with saturating pulses. Using our model, we test four hypothesized mechanisms of cyanobacterial state transitions for ensemble of parameter sets and found no physiological benefit of a model assuming phycobilisome detachment. Moreover, we evaluate metabolic control for biotechnological production under diverse light colors and irradiances. We suggest gene targets for overexpression under different illuminations to increase the yield. By offering a comprehensive computational model of cyanobacterial photosynthesis, our work enhances the basic understanding of light-dependent cyanobacterial behavior and sets the first wavelength-dependent framework to systematically test their producing capacity for biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pfennig
- Computational Life Science, Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Kullmann
- Computational Life Science, Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Andreas Nakielski
- Computational Life Science, Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebenhöh
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Quantitative Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Aquatic Botany and Microbial Ecology Research Group, HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Anna Barbara Matuszyńska
- Computational Life Science, Department of Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Miao R, Légeret B, Cuine S, Burlacot A, Lindblad P, Li-Beisson Y, Beisson F, Peltier G. Absence of alka(e)nes triggers profound remodeling of glycerolipid and carotenoid composition in cyanobacteria membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:397-408. [PMID: 38850059 PMCID: PMC11376386 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Alka(e)nes are produced by many living organisms and exhibit diverse physiological roles, reflecting a high functional versatility. Alka(e)nes serve as waterproof wax in plants, communicating pheromones for insects, and microbial signaling molecules in some bacteria. Although alka(e)nes have been found in cyanobacteria and algal chloroplasts, their importance for photosynthetic membranes has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the consequences of the absence of alka(e)nes on membrane lipid composition and photosynthesis using the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 as a model organism. By following the dynamics of membrane lipids and the photosynthetic performance in strains defected and altered in alka(e)ne biosynthesis, we show that drastic changes in the glycerolipid contents occur in the absence of alka(e)nes, including a decrease in the membrane carotenoid content, a decrease in some digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) species and a parallel increase in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) species. These changes are associated with a higher susceptibility of photosynthesis and growth to high light in alka(e)ne-deficient strains. All these phenotypes are reversed by expressing an algal photoenzyme producing alka(e)nes from fatty acids. Therefore, alkenes, despite their low abundance, are an essential component of the lipid composition of membranes. The profound remodeling of lipid composition that results from their absence suggests that they play an important role in one or more membrane properties in cyanobacteria. Moreover, the lipid compensatory mechanism observed is not sufficient to restore normal functioning of the photosynthetic membranes, particularly under high-light intensity. We conclude that alka(e)nes play a crucial role in maintaining the lipid homeostasis of thylakoid membranes, thereby contributing to the proper functioning of photosynthesis, particularly under elevated light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miao
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
- Microbial chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
| | - Stéphan Cuine
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13115, France
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Kwidzińska K, Zalewska M, Aksmann A, Kobos J, Mazur-Marzec H, Caban M. Multi-biomarker response of cyanobacteria Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa to diclofenac. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134373. [PMID: 38678710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial response to pharmaceuticals is less frequently investigated compared to green algae. Pharmaceuticals can influence not only the growth rate of cyanobacteria culture, but can also cause changes at the cellular level. The effect of diclofenac (DCF) as one of the for cyanobacteria has been rarely tested, and DCF has never been applied with cellular biomarkers. The aim of this work was to test the response of two unicellular cyanobacteria (Synechocystis salina and Microcystis aeruginosa) toward DCF (100 mg L-1) under photoautotrophic growth conditions. Such endpoints were analyzed as cells number, DCF uptake, the change in concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, the production of toxins, and chlorophyll a in vivo fluorescence. It was noted that during a 96 h exposure, cell proliferation was not impacted. Nevertheless, a biochemical response was observed. The increased production of microcystin was noted for M. aeruginosa. Due to the negligible absorption of DCF into cells, it is possible that the biochemical changes are induced by an external signal. The application of non-standard biomarkers demonstrates the effect of DCF on microorganism metabolism without a corresponding effect on biomass. The high resistance of cyanobacteria to DCF and the stimulating effect of DCF on the secretion of toxins raise concerns for environment biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kwidzińska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Martyna Zalewska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Aksmann
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Kobos
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Kawamoto N, Nakanishi S, Shimakawa G. Light Wavelength as a Contributory Factor of Environmental Fitness in the Cyanobacterial Circadian Clock. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:798-808. [PMID: 38441328 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A circadian clock is an essential system that drives the 24-h expression rhythms for adaptation to day-night cycles. The molecular mechanism of the circadian clock has been extensively studied in cyanobacteria harboring the KaiC-based timing system. Nevertheless, our understanding of the physiological significance of the cyanobacterial circadian clock is still limited. In this study, we cultured wild-type Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and circadian clock mutants in day-night cycles at different light qualities and found that the growth of the circadian clock mutants was specifically impaired during 12-h blue light/12-h dark (BD) cycles for the first time. The arrhythmic mutant kaiCAA was further analyzed by photosynthetic measurements. Compared with the wild type, the mutant exhibited decreases in the chlorophyll content, the ratio of photosystem I to II, net O2 evolution rate and efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry during BD cycles. These results indicate that the circadian clock is necessary for the growth and the maintenance of the optimum function of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria under blue photoperiodic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kawamoto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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Brentjens ET, Beall EAK, Zucker RM. Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa physiology by spectral flow cytometry: Impact of chemical and light exposure. PLOS WATER 2023; 2:1-30. [PMID: 38516272 PMCID: PMC10953801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
M. aeruginosa fluorescent changes were observed using a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer that contains 5 lasers and 64 narrow band detectors located between 365 and 829 nm. Cyanobacteria were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 and then monitored after exposure between 1 and 8 days. The red fluorescence emission derived from the excitation of cyanobacteria with a yellow green laser (550 nm) was measured in the 652-669 nm detector while green fluorescence from excitation with a violet laser (405 nm) was measured in the 532-550 nm detector. The changes in these parameters were measured after the addition of H2O2. There was an initial increase in red fluorescence intensity at 24 hours. This was followed by a daily decrease in red fluorescence intensity. In contrast, green fluorescence increased at 24 hours and remained higher than the control for the duration of the 8-day study. A similar fluorescence intensity effect as H2O2 on M. aeruginosa fluorescence emissions was observed after exposure to acetylacetone, diuron (DCMU), peracetic acid, and tryptoline. Minimal growth was also observed in H2O2 treated cyanobacteria during exposure of H2O2 for 24 days. In another experiment, H2O2-treated cyanobacteria were exposed to high-intensity blue (14 mW) and UV (1 mW) lights to assess the effects of light stress on fluorescence emissions. The combination of blue and UV light with H2O2 had a synergistic effect on M. aeruginosa that induced greater fluorescent differences between control and treated samples than exposure to either stimulus individually. These experiments suggest that the early increase in red and green fluorescence may be due to an inhibition in the ability of photosynthesis to process photons. Further research into the mechanisms driving these increases in fluorescence is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T. Brentjens
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program hosted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. K. Beall
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program hosted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Zucker
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, RTP, NC, United States of America
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Maroušek J, Maroušková A, Gavurová B, Tuček D, Strunecký O. Competitive algae biodiesel depends on advances in mass algae cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128802. [PMID: 36858122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to study why, despite large investments in research and development, algae biodiesel is still not price competitive with fossil fuels. Microalgal production was confirmed to be a critical cost item (84 up to 93 %) for biodiesel regardless of the production technology. Techno-economic assessment revealed the main cost drivers during mass cultivation. It is argued that a breakthrough in the cultivation efficiency of microalgae is identified as a necessary condition for achieving price-competitive microalgal biodiesel. The key bottlenecks were identified as follows: (1) light and O2 concentration management; (2) overnight respiratory loss of oil. It is concluded that most of the research on microalgae biodiesel yields economically over-optimistic presumptions because it has been based on laboratory scale experiments with a low level of interdisciplinary overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Maroušek
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, České Budějovice 370 01, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 1668, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Maroušková
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, České Budějovice 370 01, Czech Republic
| | - Beata Gavurová
- Technical University of Kosice, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Letna 9, Košice 042 00, Slovakia
| | - David Tuček
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, Zlín 760 01, Czech Republic
| | - Otakar Strunecký
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, České Budějovice 370 01, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Baracho DH, Lombardi AT. Study of the growth and biochemical composition of 20 species of cyanobacteria cultured in cylindrical photobioreactors. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 36823519 PMCID: PMC9951496 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms with wide morphological and metabolic diversity. By means of photosynthesis, they convert inorganic compounds into biomolecules, which may have commercial interest. In this work, we evaluated 20 cyanobacterial strains regarding their physiological aspects such as growth, photosynthesis and biochemical composition, some of which are revealed here for the first time. The organisms were cultivated in cylindrical photobioreactors (CPBR) for 144 h and the biomass was obtained. The light inside cultures was constant throughout experimental time and maintained at the saturation irradiance (Ik) of each species. Culture pH was maintained within 7.8 and 8.4 by automatic CO2 bubbling. Growth rate, dry biomass, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and antioxidant activity were determined. RESULTS The proportionality of the biochemical composition varied among species, as well as the growth rates. Leptolyngbya sp. and Nostoc sp. (CCIBt3249) showed growth rates in the range of 0.7-0.8 d-1, followed by Rhabdorderma sp. (~ 0.6 d-1), and Phormidium sp. (~ 0.5 d-1). High carotenoid content was obtained in Rhabdoderma sp. (4.0 μg mL-1) and phycocyanin in Leptolyngbya sp. (60 μg mL-1). Higher total proteins were found in the genus Geitlerinema (75% DW), carbohydrates in Microcystis navacekii (30% DW) and lipids in Phormidium sp. (15% DW). Furthermore, Aphanocapsa holsatica showed the highest antioxidant activity (65%) and Sphaerocavum brasiliense, Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc sp. (CCIBt3249) and A. holsatica higher levels of PHA (~ 2% DW). CONCLUSIONS This study reports on the biochemical composition of cyanobacteria that can impact the biotechnology of their production, highlighting potential strains with high productivity of specific biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Henrique Baracho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Ana Teresa Lombardi
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartamento de Botânica (DB), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13565-905 Brazil
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Baldisserotto C, Gentili V, Rizzo R, Di Donna C, Ardondi L, Maietti A, Pancaldi S. Characterization of Neochloris oleoabundans under Different Cultivation Modes and First Results on Bioactivity of Its Extracts against HCoV-229E Virus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 36616154 PMCID: PMC9823352 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are proposed in several biotechnological fields because of their ability to produce biomass enriched in high-value compounds according to cultivation conditions. Regarding the health sector, an emerging area focuses on natural products exploitable against viruses. This work deals with the characterization of the green microalga Neochloris oleoabundans cultivated under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions as a source of whole aqueous extracts, tested as antivirals against HCoV-229E (Coronaviridae family). Glucose was employed for mixotrophic cultures. Growth and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were monitored for both cultivations. Algae extracts for antiviral tests were prepared using cultures harvested at the early stationary phase of growth. Biochemical and morphological analyses of algae indicated a different content of the most important classes of bioactive compounds with antiviral properties (lipids, exo-polysaccharides, and total phenolics, proteins and pigments). To clarify which phase of HCoV-229E infection on MRC-5 fibroblast cells was affected by N. oleoabundans extracts, four conditions were tested. Extracts gave excellent results, mainly against the first steps of virus infection. Notwithstanding the biochemical profile of algae/extracts deserves further investigation, the antiviral effect may have been mainly promoted by the combination of proteins/pigments/phenolics for the extract derived from autotrophic cultures and of proteins/acidic exo-polysaccharides/lipids in the case of mixotrophic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Gentili
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Donna
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luna Ardondi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Maietti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, C.so Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Kalwani P, Rath D, Ballal A. Loss of 2-Cys-Prx affects cellular ultrastructure, disturbs redox poise and impairs photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2972-2986. [PMID: 35909079 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a striking similarity to plant chloroplasts, the cyanobacterium Anabaena displays very low catalase activity, but expresses several peroxiredoxins (Prxs), including the typical 2-Cys-Prx (annotated as Alr4641), that detoxify H2 O2 . Due to the presence of multiple Prxs, the precise contribution of Alr4641 to the oxidative stress response of Anabaena is not well-defined. To unambiguously assess its in vivo function, the Alr4641 protein was knocked down using the CRISPRi approach in Anabaena PCC 7120. The knockdown strain (An-KD4641), which showed over 85% decrease in the content of Alr4641, was viable, but grew slower than the control strain (An-dCas9). An-KD4641 showed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and the expression of several redox-responsive genes was analogous to that of An-dCas9 subjected to oxidative stress. The knockdown strain displayed reduced filament size, altered thylakoid ultrastructure, a marked drop in the ratio of phycocyanin to chlorophyll a and decreased photosynthetic parameters compared to An-dCas9. In comparison to the control strain, exposure to H2 O2 had a more severe effect on the photosynthetic parameters or survival of An-KD4641. Thus, in the absence of adequate catalase activity, 2-Cys-Prx appears to be the principal Prx responsible for maintaining redox homoeostasis in diverse photosynthetic systems ranging from chloroplasts to cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kalwani
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Devashish Rath
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Anand Ballal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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11
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Estimating Biomass and Vitality of Microalgae for Monitoring Cultures: A Roadmap for Reliable Measurements. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152455. [PMID: 35954299 PMCID: PMC9368473 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating algal biomass is a prerequisite for monitoring growth of microalgae. Especially for large-scale production sites, the measurements must be robust, reliable, fast and easy to obtain. We compare the relevant parameters, discuss potential hurdles and provide recommendations to tackle these issues. The focus is on optical density and in vivo autofluorescence of chlorophyll, which have proven to be ideal candidates for monitoring purposes. Beyond biomass, cell vitality is also crucial for maintaining cultures. While maximizing biomass yield is often the primary consideration, some applications require adverse growth conditions for the synthesis of high-quality compounds. The non-invasive technique of pulse-amplified modulated (PAM) fluorescence measurements provides an ideal tool and is increasingly being employed due to ever more affordable devices. We compared three devices and studied the robustness of the dark fluorescence yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) at various cell densities. Although the so-called inner filter effects influence the fluorescence signal, the resulting Fv/Fm remain stable and robust over a wide range of cell densities due to mutual effects.
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12
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Grzesiuk M, Pietrzak B, Wacker A, Pijanowska J. Photosynthetic activity in both algae and cyanobacteria changes in response to cues of predation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907174. [PMID: 35958198 PMCID: PMC9358279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of adaptive responses to predation has been described in microscopic aquatic producers. Although the energetic costs of these responses are expected, with their consequences going far beyond an individual, their underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms are not fully known. One, so far hardly considered, is if and how the photosynthetic efficiency of phytoplankton might change in response to the predation cues. Our main aim was to identify such responses in phytoplankton and to detect if they are taxon-specific. We exposed seven algae and seven cyanobacteria species to the chemical cues of an efficient consumer, Daphnia magna, which was fed either a green alga, Acutodesmus obliquus, or a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus (kairomone and alarm cues), or was not fed (kairomone alone). In most algal and cyanobacterial species studied, the quantum yield of photosystem II increased in response to predator fed cyanobacterium, whereas in most of these species the yield did not change in response to predator fed alga. Also, cyanobacteria tended not to respond to a non-feeding predator. The modal qualitative responses of the electron transport rate were similar to those of the quantum yield. To our best knowledge, the results presented here are the broadest scan of photosystem II responses in the predation context so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grzesiuk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Barbara Pietrzak
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joanna Pijanowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, University of Warsaw Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
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13
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Limnospira fusiformis harbors dinitrogenase reductase (nifH)-like genes, but does not show N2 fixation activity. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Theodosiou E, Tüllinghoff A, Toepel J, Bühler B. Exploitation of Hetero- and Phototrophic Metabolic Modules for Redox-Intensive Whole-Cell Biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855715. [PMID: 35497353 PMCID: PMC9043136 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful realization of a sustainable manufacturing bioprocess and the maximization of its production potential and capacity are the main concerns of a bioprocess engineer. A main step towards this endeavor is the development of an efficient biocatalyst. Isolated enzyme(s), microbial cells, or (immobilized) formulations thereof can serve as biocatalysts. Living cells feature, beside active enzymes, metabolic modules that can be exploited to support energy-dependent and multi-step enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Metabolism can sustainably supply necessary cofactors or cosubstrates at the expense of readily available and cheap resources, rendering external addition of costly cosubstrates unnecessary. However, for the development of an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst, in depth comprehension of metabolic modules and their interconnection with cell growth, maintenance, and product formation is indispensable. In order to maximize the flux through biosynthetic reactions and pathways to an industrially relevant product and respective key performance indices (i.e., titer, yield, and productivity), existing metabolic modules can be redesigned and/or novel artificial ones established. This review focuses on whole-cell bioconversions that are coupled to heterotrophic or phototrophic metabolism and discusses metabolic engineering efforts aiming at 1) increasing regeneration and supply of redox equivalents, such as NAD(P/H), 2) blocking competing fluxes, and 3) increasing the availability of metabolites serving as (co)substrates of desired biosynthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Theodosiou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Adrian Tüllinghoff
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Toepel
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Heterologous Lactate Synthesis in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 Causes a Growth Condition-Dependent Carbon Sink Effect. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0006322. [PMID: 35369703 PMCID: PMC9040622 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00063-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are considered promising hosts for product synthesis directly from CO2 via photosynthetic carbon assimilation. The introduction of heterologous carbon sinks in terms of product synthesis has been reported to induce the so-called “carbon sink effect,” described as the release of unused photosynthetic capacity by the introduction of additional carbon. This effect is thought to arise from a limitation of carbon metabolism that represents a bottleneck in carbon and electron flow, thus enforcing a downregulation of photosynthetic efficiency. It is not known so far how the cellular source/sink balance under different growth conditions influences the extent of the carbon sink effect and in turn product formation from CO2, constituting a heterologous carbon sink. We compared the Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 wild type (WT) with an engineered lactate-producing strain (SAA023) in defined metabolic states. Unexpectedly, high-light conditions combined with carbon limitation enabled additional carbon assimilation for lactate production without affecting biomass formation. Thus, a strong carbon sink effect only was observed under carbon and thus sink limitation, but not under high-sink conditions. We show that the carbon sink effect was accompanied by an increased rate of alternative electron flow (AEF). Thus, AEF plays a crucial role in the equilibration of source/sink imbalances, presumably via ATP/NADPH balancing. This study emphasizes that the evaluation of the biotechnological potential of cyanobacteria profits from cultivation approaches enabling the establishment of defined metabolic states and respective quantitative analytics. Factors stimulating photosynthesis and carbon fixation are discussed. IMPORTANCE Previous studies reported various and differing effects of the heterologous production of carbon-based molecules on photosynthetic and growth efficiency of cyanobacteria. The typically applied cultivation in batch mode, with continuously changing growth conditions, however, precludes a clear differentiation between the impact of cultivation conditions on cell physiology and effects related to the specific nature of the product and its synthesis pathway. In this study, we employed a continuous cultivation system to maintain defined source/sink conditions and thus metabolic states. This allowed a systematic and quantitative analysis of the effect of NADPH-consuming lactate production on photosynthetic and growth efficiency. This approach enables a realistic evaluation of the biotechnological potential of engineered cyanobacterial strains. For example, the quantum requirement for carbon production was found to constitute an excellent indicator of the source/sink balance and thus a key parameter for photobioprocess optimization. Such knowledge is fundamental for rational and efficient strain and process development.
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16
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The Oxygen Paradigm—Quantitative Impact of High Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen on Kinetics and Large-Scale Production of Arthrospira platensis. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of Arthrospira platensis in tubular photobioreactors (tPBRs) presents a promising approach for the commercial production of nutraceuticals and food products as it can achieve high productivity and effective process control. In closed photobioreactors, however, high amounts of photosynthetically produced oxygen can accumulate. So far, there has been a wide range of discussion on how dissolved oxygen concentrations (DOCs) affect bioprocess kinetics, and the subject has mainly been assessed empirically. In this study, we used photorespirometry to quantify the impact of DOCs on the growth kinetics and phycocyanin content of the widely cultivated cyanobacterium A. platensis. The photorespirometric routine revealed that the illumination intensity and cell dry weight concentration are important interconnected process parameters behind the impact that DOCs have on the bioprocess kinetics. Unfavorable process conditions such as low biomass concentrations or high illumination intensities yielded significant growth inhibition and reduced the phycocyanin content of A. platensis by up to 35%. In order to predict the biomass productivity of the large-scale cultivation of A. platensis in tPBRs, a simple process model was extended to include photoautotrophic oxygen production and accumulation in the tPBR to evaluate the performance of two configurations of a 5000 L tPBR.
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17
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Ahmad A, Banat F, Alsafar H, Hasan SW. Algae biotechnology for industrial wastewater treatment, bioenergy production, and high-value bioproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150585. [PMID: 34597562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing world population is causing hazardous compounds to form at an increasingly rapid rate, calling for ecological action. Wastewater management and treatment is an expensive process that requires appropriate integration technology to make it more feasible and cost-effective. Algae are of great interest as potential feedstocks for various applications, including environmental sustainability, biofuel production, and the manufacture of high-value bioproducts. Bioremediation with microalgae is a potential approach to reduce wastewater pollution. The need for effective nutrient recovery, greenhouse gas reduction, wastewater treatment, and biomass reuse has led to a wide interest in the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, algae biomass can be used to produce bioenergy and high-value bioproducts. The use of microalgae as medicine (production of bioactive and medicinal compounds), biofuels, biofertilizers, and food additives has been explored by researchers around the world. Technological and economic barriers currently prevent the commercial use of algae, and optimal downstream processes are needed to reduce production costs. Therefore, the simultaneous use of microalgae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be an economical approach to address these issues. This article provides an overview of algae and their application in bioremediation, bioenergy production, and bioactive compound production. It also highlights the current problems and opportunities in the algae-based sector, which has recently become quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Erdem E, Malihan-Yap L, Assil-Companioni L, Grimm H, Barone GD, Serveau-Avesque C, Amouric A, Duquesne K, de Berardinis V, Allahverdiyeva Y, Alphand V, Kourist R. Photobiocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization with High Reaction Rate using a Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase from Burkholderia xenovorans in Metabolically Engineered Cyanobacteria. ACS Catal 2022; 12:66-72. [PMID: 35036041 PMCID: PMC8751089 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Baeyer–Villiger
monooxygenases (BVMOs) catalyze the oxidation
of ketones to lactones under very mild reaction conditions. This enzymatic
route is hindered by the requirement of a stoichiometric supply of
auxiliary substrates for cofactor recycling and difficulties with
supplying the necessary oxygen. The recombinant production of BVMO
in cyanobacteria allows the substitution of auxiliary organic cosubstrates
with water as an electron donor and the utilization of oxygen generated
by photosynthetic water splitting. Herein, we report the identification
of a BVMO from Burkholderia xenovorans (BVMOXeno) that exhibits higher reaction
rates in comparison to currently identified BVMOs. We report a 10-fold
increase in specific activity in comparison to cyclohexanone monooxygenase
(CHMOAcineto) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (25 vs 2.3 U gDCW–1 at
an optical density of OD750 = 10) and an initial rate of
3.7 ± 0.2 mM h–1. While the cells containing
CHMOAcineto showed a considerable reduction
of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol, this unwanted side reaction was
almost completely suppressed for BVMOXeno, which was attributed to the much faster lactone formation and a
10-fold lower KM value of BVMOXeno toward cyclohexanone. Furthermore, the whole-cell
catalyst showed outstanding stereoselectivity. These results show
that, despite the self-shading of the cells, high specific activities
can be obtained at elevated cell densities and even further increased
through manipulation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain
(PETC). The obtained rates of up to 3.7 mM h–1 underline
the usefulness of oxygenic cyanobacteria as a chassis for enzymatic
oxidation reactions. The photosynthetic oxygen evolution can contribute
to alleviating the highly problematic oxygen mass-transfer limitation
of oxygen-dependent enzymatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erdem
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Lenny Malihan-Yap
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Leen Assil-Companioni
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.,ACIB GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Grimm
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanni Davide Barone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação em Saúde Universidade do Porto & IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Agnes Amouric
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Katia Duquesne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Véronique de Berardinis
- Génomique métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Yagut Allahverdiyeva
- Molecular Plant Biology Unit, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Véronique Alphand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 UMR7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.,ACIB GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
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19
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Taylor GM, Hitchcock A, Heap JT. Combinatorial assembly platform enabling engineering of genetically stable metabolic pathways in cyanobacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e123. [PMID: 34554258 PMCID: PMC8643660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are simple, efficient, genetically-tractable photosynthetic microorganisms which in principle represent ideal biocatalysts for CO2 capture and conversion. However, in practice, genetic instability and low productivity are key, linked problems in engineered cyanobacteria. We took a massively parallel approach, generating and characterising libraries of synthetic promoters and RBSs for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and assembling a sparse combinatorial library of millions of metabolic pathway-encoding construct variants. Genetic instability was observed for some variants, which is expected when variants cause metabolic burden. Surprisingly however, in a single combinatorial round without iterative optimisation, 80% of variants chosen at random and cultured photoautotrophically over many generations accumulated the target terpenoid lycopene from atmospheric CO2, apparently overcoming genetic instability. This large-scale parallel metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria provides a new platform for development of genetically stable cyanobacterial biocatalysts for sustainable light-driven production of valuable products directly from CO2, avoiding fossil carbon or competition with food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Taylor
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - John T Heap
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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20
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Celis-Plá PS, Rearte TA, Neori A, Masojídek J, Bonomi-Barufi J, Álvarez-Gómez F, Ranglová K, Carmo da Silva J, Abdala R, Gómez C, Caporgno M, Torzillo G, Silva Benavides AM, Ralph PJ, Fávero Massocato T, Atzmüller R, Vega J, Chávez P, Figueroa FL. A new approach for cultivating the cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola (MACC-612) to produce biomass and bioactive compounds using a thin-layer raceway pond. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Mogany T, Bhola V, Ramanna L, Bux F. Photosynthesis and pigment production: elucidation of the interactive effects of nutrients and light on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 45:187-201. [PMID: 34668053 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii produces a variety of compounds that can be beneficial to human and animal health. Among these compounds, application of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, has gained considerable interest in numerous industries. A better understanding on the interactive effects of essential nutrients and light on microalgal physiology and pigment production would be beneficial in improving cultivation strategies. Therefore, this study evaluated biomass, carotenoid and chlorophyll yield and the following fluorescence parameters: quantum yield in PS II [Y(II)] and electron transport rate (ETR) using response surface methodology (RSM). The Fv/Fm, Y(NO) and Y(NPQ) were also monitored; however, no significant relationship was observed. From the investigation it was apparent that nitrogen and carbon; as well as the interactive effects of (nitrogen and carbon) and (carbon and light irradiance) were significant factors. The model predicted the optimum conditions for maximum carotenoids (8.15 ± 0.389 mg g-1) were 08.7 mol l-1 of nitrogen, 0.2 mol l-1 and 50 μmol photon m-2 s-1 of light irradiance. While maximum chlorophyll (33.6 ± 0.854 mg g-1) required a higher nitrogen (11.21 mol l-1). The photosynthetic parameters [Y(II), ETR] was correlated with the primary pigments and biomass production. Increased photosynthetic activity was associated with high carbon and light. The Y(II)and ETR of PSII under these conditions were 0.2 and ~ 14, respectively. This approach was accurate in developing the model, optimizing factors and analysing interaction effects. This study served to provide a better understanding on the interactions between factors influencing pigment biosynthesis and photosynthetic performance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Mogany
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Virthie Bhola
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Luveshan Ramanna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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22
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Moreno Osorio JH, Pollio A, Frunzo L, Lens PNL, Esposito G. A Review of Microalgal Biofilm Technologies: Definition, Applications, Settings and Analysis. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.737710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-based algal cultivation has many advantages over the conventional suspended growth methods and has received increased attention as a potential platform for algal production, wastewater treatment (nutrient removal), and a potential pathway to supply feedstock for microalgae-based biorefinery attempts. However, the attached cultivation by definition and application is a result of a complex interaction between the biotic and abiotic components involved. Therefore, the entire understanding of the biofilm nature is still a research challenge due to the need for real-time analysis of the system. In this review, the state of the art of biofilm definition, its life cycle, the proposed designs of bioreactors, screening of carrier materials, and non-destructive techniques for the study of biofilm formation and performance are summarized. Perspectives for future research needs are also discussed to provide a primary reference for the further development of microalgal biofilm systems.
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23
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Hazaimeh MD, Ahmed ES. Bioremediation perspectives and progress in petroleum pollution in the marine environment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54238-54259. [PMID: 34387817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is often affected by petroleum hydrocarbon pollution due to industrial activities and petroleum accidents. This pollution has recalcitrant and persistent compounds that pose a high risk to the ecological system and human health. For this reason, the world claims to seek to clean up these pollutants. Bioremediation is an attractive approach for removing petroleum pollution. It is considered a low-cost and highly effective approach with fewer side effects compared to chemical and physical techniques. This depends on the metabolic capability of microorganisms involved in the degradation of hydrocarbons through enzymatic reactions. Bioremediation activities mostly depend on environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, salinity, pressure, and nutrition availability. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on microbial hydrocarbon degraders and microbial interactions with hydrocarbon compounds could be assessed for the successful degradation of petroleum pollution. The current review provides a critical view of petroleum pollution in seawater, the bioavailability of petroleum compounds, the contribution of microorganisms in petroleum degradation, and the mechanisms of degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We consider different biodegradation approaches such as biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Daher Hazaimeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah-11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Enas S Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah-11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Hamard S, Küttim M, Céréghino R, Jassey VEJ. Peatland microhabitat heterogeneity drives phototrophic microbe distribution and photosynthetic activity. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6811-6827. [PMID: 34559454 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic microbes are widespread in soils, but their contribution to soil carbon (C) uptake remains underexplored in most terrestrial systems, including C-accreting systems such as peatlands. Here, by means of metabarcoding and ecophysiological measurements, we examined how microbial photosynthesis and its biotic (e.g., phototrophic community structure, biomass) and abiotic drivers (e.g., Sphagnum moisture, light intensity) vary across peatland microhabitats. Using a natural gradient of microhabitat conditions from pool to forest, we show that the structure of phototrophic microbial communities shifted from a dominance of eukaryotes in pools to prokaryotes in forests. We identified five groups of co-occurring phototrophic operational taxonomic units with specific environmental preferences across the gradient. Along with such structural changes, we found that microbial C uptake was the highest in the driest and shadiest microhabitats. This study renews and improves current views on phototrophic microbes in peatlands, as the contribution of microbial photosynthesis to peatland C uptake has essentially been studied in wet microhabitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hamard
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Küttim
- Institute of Ecology, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, Tallinn, 10120, Estonia
| | - Regis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Münzner K, Gollnisch R, Rengefors K, Koreiviene J, Lindström ES. High Iron Requirements for Growth in the Nuisance Alga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1309-1322. [PMID: 33749827 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bloom-forming freshwater alga Gonyostomum semen is associated with acidic, mesotrophic brown water lakes in boreal regions. However, researchers have been unable to conclusively link G. semen abundance and bloom formation to typical brown water lake traits, that is, high water color and DOC (dissolved organic carbon) concentrations. Iron is a main driver of water color in boreal lakes, and a recent study of lake monitoring data indicated a connection between lakes with high G. semen abundance and iron concentrations >200 µg · L-1 . Thus, iron may be the missing link in explaining G. semen abundance and growth dynamics. We experimentally assessed the effects of different iron concentrations above or below 200 µg · L-1 on the growth of G. semen batch monocultures. Iron concentrations <200 µg · L-1 limited G. semen growth, while iron concentrations >200 µg · L-1 did not. Moreover, the iron concentration of the medium required for growth was higher than for other common phytoplankton (Microcystis botrys and Chlamydomonas sp.) included in the experiment. These results indicate that G. semen requires high levels of iron in the lake environment. Consequently, this and previous findings using lake monitoring data support the hypothesis that high concentrations of iron favor the formation of high-density G. semen blooms in boreal brown water lakes. As lakes get browner in a changing climate, monitoring iron levels could be a potential tool to identify lakes at risk for G. semen blooms, especially among lakes that provide ecosystem services to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Münzner
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raphael Gollnisch
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Rengefors
- Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Judita Koreiviene
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Vilnius, LT-08412, Lithuania
| | - Eva S Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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Banerjee M, Kalwani P, Chakravarty D, Singh B, Ballal A. Functional and mechanistic insights into the differential effect of the toxicant 'Se(IV)' in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 236:105839. [PMID: 34015754 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium, an essential trace element for animals, poses a threat to all forms of life above a threshold concentration. The ubiquitously present cyanobacteria, a major photosynthetic biotic component of aquatic and other ecosystems, are excellent systems to study the effects of environmental toxicants. The molecular changes that led to beneficial or detrimental effects in response to different doses of selenium oxyanion Se(IV) were analyzed in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. This organism showed no inhibition in growth up to 15 mg/L sodium selenite, but above this dose i.e. 20-100 mg/L of Se(IV), both growth and photosynthesis were substantially inhibited. Along with the increased accumulation of non-protein thiols, a consistent reduction in levels of ROS was observed at 10 mg/mL dose of Se(IV). High dose of Se(IV) (above 20 mg/L) enhanced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS)/lipid peroxidation, and decreased photosynthetic capability. Treatment with 100 mg/L Se(IV) downregulated transcription of several photosynthesis pathways-related genes such as those encoding photosystem I and II proteins, phycobilisome rod-core linker protein, phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrocyanin-associated proteins etc. Interestingly, at a dose range of 10-15 mg/L Se(IV), Anabaena showed an increase in PSII photosynthetic yield and electron transport rate (at PSII), suggesting improved photosynthesis. Se was incorporated into the Anabaena cells, and Se-enriched thylakoid membranes showed higher redox conductivity than the thylakoid membranes from untreated cells. Overall, the data supports that modulation of photosynthetic machinery is one of the crucial mechanisms responsible for the dose-dependent contrasting effect of Se(IV) observed in Anabaena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Banerjee
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Prakash Kalwani
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Dhiman Chakravarty
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Beena Singh
- Radiation and Photo Chemistry Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anand Ballal
- Molecular Biology Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Yun HS, Kim YS, Yoon HS. Enhancement of Biomass Production in Colony-Forming Green Algae, Botryosphaerella sudetica, Under Mixotrophic Cultivation. Front Genet 2021; 12:669702. [PMID: 34149810 PMCID: PMC8212961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.669702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the potential of colony-forming green algae, Botryosphaerella sudetica KNUA107, isolated from Ulleung Island, South Korea, as a bioresource and analyzed the effects of mixotrophic cultivation on its bioresource production efficiency. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL), and elongation factor Tu (tufa) regions were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis. B. sudetica KNUA107 had a strong relationship with the green algae of Botryococcus and Botryosphaerella genera, which are colony-forming species, and was also associated with members of the Neochloris genus. To improve biomass productivity, we tested mixotrophic cultivation conditions using several organic carbon sources. Glucose supplementation stimulated B. sudetica KNUA107 growth and reduced the time needed to reach the stationary phase. In addition, the colony size was 1.5–2.0 times larger with glucose than in photoautotrophic cultures, and settleability improved in proportion to colony size. The total lipid content and biomass productivity were also higher in cultures supplemented with glucose. Among the lipid components, saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids had the highest proportion. Our study suggests that B. sudetica KNUA107, which has enhanced efficiency in biomass production and lipid components under mixotrophic cultivation, has high potential as a bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sik Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute of Ulleung-do and Dok-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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28
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Potential applications of algae in biochemical and bioenergy sector. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 34136333 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae have gained substantial importance as the most promising potential green fuel source across the globe and is on growing demand due to their antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol reducing and thickening properties. Therefore, it has vast range of application in medicines, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, paper and nutraceutical industries. In this work, the remarkable ability of algae to convert CO2 and other toxic compounds in atmosphere to potential biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bioactive compounds is reviewed. Algae produce approximately 50% of the earth's oxygen using its photosynthetic activity, thus acting as a potent tool to mitigate the effects of air pollution. Further, the applicability of algae as a desirable energy source has also been discussed, as they have the potential to serve as an effective alternative to intermittent renewable energy; and also, to combustion-based fossil fuel energy, making them effective for advanced biofuel conversions. This work also evaluates the current applications of algae and the implications of it as a potential substrate for bioplastic, natural alternative to inks and for making paper besides high-value products. In addition, the scope for integrated biorefinery approach is also briefly explored in terms of economic aspects at the industrial scale, as such energy conversion mechanisms are directly linked with sustainability, thus providing a positive overall energy outlook.
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Abstract
Since the 1950s, microalgae have been grown commercially in man-made cultivation units and used for biomass production as a source of food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lately biofuels, as well as a means for wastewater treatment and mitigation of atmospheric CO2 build-up. In this work, photosynthesis and growth affecting variables—light intensity, pH, CO2/O2 exchange, nutrient supply, culture turbulence, light/dark cell cycling, biomass density and culture depth (light path)—are reviewed as concerns in microalgae mass cultures. Various photosynthesis monitoring techniques were employed to study photosynthetic performance to optimize the growth of microalgae strains in outdoor cultivation units. The most operative and reliable techniques appeared to be fast-response ones based on chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen production monitoring, which provide analogous results.
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30
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Photosynthetic monitoring techniques indicate maximum glycogen accumulation in nitrogen-limited Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 culture. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Matula EE, Nabity JA. Effects of stepwise changes in dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations on metabolic activity in Chlorella for spaceflight applications. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021; 29:73-84. [PMID: 33888291 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses the impacts to the growth rate, health, oxygen production, and carbon dioxide fixation and nitrogen assimilation of Chlorella vulgaris while sparging the culture with various influent concentrations of carbon dioxide. Selected concentrations reflect a cabin environment with one crew member (0.12% v/v) and four crew members (0.45% v/v). Stepwise, sustained changes in influent carbon dioxide concentration on day four of the eight-day experiments simulated a dynamic crew size, reflective of a planetary surface mission. Control experiments used constant influent concentrations across eight days. Significant changes in growth rate (0.12%-to-0.45%: 57% increase; 0.45%-to-0.12%: 59% reduction) suggest a positive correlation between metabolic activity of C. vulgaris and environmental carbon dioxide concentration. Statistical tests illustrate that algae are more sensitive to reductions in influent carbon dioxide. No specific correlation of the nitrogen assimilation rate to influent carbon dioxide, suggesting a nitrogen-limited or irradiance-limited system. Photosynthetic yield results (0.59-0.72) indicate that the culture was minimally stressed in all tested conditions. This paper compares these results to findings of published, steady-state experiments conducted under similar carbon dioxide environments. The findings presented here imply that a sufficient volume of C. vulgaris, with nutrient supplementation or biomass harvesting, could support the respiratory requirements of a long duration human mission with a dynamic cabin environment and these data can be used in future dynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Matula
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
| | - James A Nabity
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
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32
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The Role of Selected Wavelengths of Light in the Activity of Photosystem II in Gloeobacter violaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084021. [PMID: 33924720 PMCID: PMC8069770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is a cyanobacteria species with a lack of thylakoids, while photosynthetic antennas, i.e., phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem II (PSII), and I (PSI), are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. We verified the hypothesis that blue–red (BR) light supplemented with a far-red (FR), ultraviolet A (UVA), and green (G) light can affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain in PSII and explain the differences in the growth of the G. violaceus culture. The cyanobacteria were cultured under different light conditions. The largest increase in G. violaceus biomass was observed only under BR + FR and BR + G light. Moreover, the shape of the G. violaceus cells was modified by the spectrum with the addition of G light. Furthermore, it was found that both the spectral composition of light and age of the cyanobacterial culture affect the different content of phycobiliproteins in the photosynthetic antennas (PBS). Most likely, in cells grown under light conditions with the addition of FR and G light, the average antenna size increased due to the inactivation of some reaction centers in PSII. Moreover, the role of PSI and gloeorhodopsin as supplementary sources of metabolic energy in the G. violaceus growth is discussed.
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33
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Castro-Varela PA, Celis-Plá PSM, Abdala-Díaz R, Figueroa FL. Photobiological Effects on Biochemical Composition in Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) with a Biotechnological Application. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1032-1042. [PMID: 33829505 DOI: 10.1111/php.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the relation of photosynthetic capacity, growth and biochemical compounds in the microalgae Porphyridium cruentum under saturated irradiance (200 μmol m-2 s-1 ) by white light (WL) and low-pressure sodium vapor lamps (SOX lamps-control) and supplemented by fluorescent lamps (FLs) with different light qualities (blue: λmax = 440 nm; green: λmax = 560 nm; and red: λmax = 660 nm). The maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv / Fm ) showed a positive correlation with the light quality by saturating light SOX in mixture with stimulating blue light than the white light (WL) at the harvest day (10 days). The production, that is maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax ), and energy dissipation, that is maximal nonphotochemical quenching (NPQmax ), had the same pattern throughout the time (3-6 days) being the values higher under white light (WL) compared with SOX and SOX plus supplemented different light qualities. Total protein levels increased significantly in the presence of SOX light, while phycoerythrin (B-PE) showed significant differences under SOX+ blue light. Arachidonic acid (ARA) was higher under SOX and SOX plus supplemented different light qualities than that under WL, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was the reverse. The high photomorphogenic potential by SOX light shows promising application for microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Castro-Varela
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advanced Studies, University of Playa Ancha, Traslaviña, Viña del Mar, Chile.,HUB-AMBIENTAL UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación Postgrado e Innovación, University of Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Roberto Abdala-Díaz
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
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34
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Dark adaptation and ability of pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry to identify nutrient limitation in the bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 219:112186. [PMID: 33892284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms in inland waters are widely linked to excess phosphorus (P) loading, but increasing evidence shows that their growth and formation can also be influenced by nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe). Deficiency in N, P, and Fe differentially affects cellular photosystems and is manifested as changes in photosynthetic yield (Fv/Fm). While Fv/Fm has been increasingly used as a rapid and convenient in situ gauge of nutrient deficiency, there are few rigorous comparisons of instrument sensitivity and ability to resolve specific nutrient stresses. This study evaluated the application of Fv/Fm to cyanobacteria using controlled experiments on a single isolate and tested three hypotheses: i) single Fv/Fm measurements taken with different PAM fluorometers can distinguish among limitation by different nutrients, ii) measurements of Fv/Fm made by the addition of DCMU are comparable to PAM fluorometers, and iii) dark adaptation is not necessary for reliable Fv/Fm measurements. We compared Fv/Fm taken from the bloom-forming Microcystis aeruginosa (UTEX LB 3037) grown in nutrient-replete treatment (R) and N-, P-, and Fe-limited treatments (LN, LP, LFe, respectively), using three pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometers and the chemical photosynthesis inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and evaluated the effects of dark adaptation prior to PAM measurement. There were significant differences in Fv/Fm estimates among PAM fluorometers for light- versus dark-adapted cell suspensions over the whole experiment (21 days), which were all significantly higher than the DCMU-based measurements. However, dark adaptation had no effect on Fv/Fm when comparing PAM-based values across a single nutrient treatment. All Fv/Fm methods could distinguish LN and LP from R and LFe treatments but none were able to resolve LFe from R, or LN from LP cultures. These results indicated that for most PAM applications, dark adaptation is not necessary, and furthermore that single measurements of Fv/Fm do not provide a robust measurement of nutrient limitation in Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 3037, and potentially other, common freshwater cyanobacteria.
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Menezes I, Maxwell-McQueeney D, Capelo-Neto J, Pestana CJ, Edwards C, Lawton LA. Oxidative stress in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813: Comparison of different analytical cell stress detection assays. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128766. [PMID: 33143884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are observed when high cell densities occur and are often dangerous to human and animal health due to the presence of cyanotoxins. Conventional drinking water treatment technology struggles to efficiently remove cyanobacterial cells and their metabolites during blooms, increasing costs and decreasing water quality. Although field applications of hydrogen peroxide have been shown to successfully suppress cyanobacterial growth, a rapid and accurate measure of the effect of oxidative stress on cyanobacterial cells is required. In the current study, H2O2 (5 and 20 mg L-1) was used to induce oxidative stress in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813. Cell density, quantum yield of photosystem II, minimal fluorescence and microcystin (MC-LR, -LY, -LW, -LF) concentrations were compared when evaluating M. aeruginosa cellular stress. Chlorophyll content (determined by minimal fluorescence) decreased by 10% after 48 h while cell density was reduced by 97% after 24 h in samples treated with 20 mg L-1 H2O2. Photosystem II quantum yield (photosynthetic activity) indicated cyanobacteria cell stress within 6 h, which was considerably faster than the other methods. Intracellular microcystins (MC-LR, -LY, -LW and -LF) were reduced by at least 96% after 24 h of H2O2 treatment. No increase in extracellular microcystin concentration was detected, which suggests that the intracellular microcystins released into the surrounding water were completely removed by the hydrogen peroxide. Thus, photosynthetic activity was deemed the most suitable and rapid method for oxidative cell stress detection in cyanobacteria, however, an approach using combined methods is recomended for efficient water treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Menezes
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | | | - José Capelo-Neto
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Carlos J Pestana
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda A Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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36
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Vasile NS, Cordara A, Usai G, Re A. Computational Analysis of Dynamic Light Exposure of Unicellular Algal Cells in a Flat-Panel Photobioreactor to Support Light-Induced CO 2 Bioprocess Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:639482. [PMID: 33868196 PMCID: PMC8049116 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.639482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial cell factories trace a vibrant pathway to climate change neutrality and sustainable development owing to their ability to turn carbon dioxide-rich waste into a broad portfolio of renewable compounds, which are deemed valuable in green chemistry cross-sectorial applications. Cell factory design requires to define the optimal operational and cultivation conditions. The paramount parameter in biomass cultivation in photobioreactors is the light intensity since it impacts cellular physiology and productivity. Our modeling framework provides a basis for the predictive control of light-limited, light-saturated, and light-inhibited growth of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 model organism in a flat-panel photobioreactor. The model here presented couples computational fluid dynamics, light transmission, kinetic modeling, and the reconstruction of single cell trajectories in differently irradiated areas of the photobioreactor to relate key physiological parameters to the multi-faceted processes occurring in the cultivation environment. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the need for properly constraining the model with decisive qualitative and quantitative data related to light calibration and light measurements both at the inlet and outlet of the photobioreactor in order to boost the accuracy and extrapolation capabilities of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò S Vasile
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cordara
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Usai
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Muñoz-Fernández J, Del Rosal Y, Álvarez-Gómez F, Hernández-Mariné M, Guzmán-Sepúlveda R, Korbee N, Figueroa FL. Selection of LED lighting systems for the reduction of the biodeterioration of speleothems induced by photosynthetic biofilms in the Nerja Cave (Malaga, Spain). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 217:112155. [PMID: 33640830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrical lighting favours the development of photosynthetic biofilms in caves which can induce biodeterioration in the colonized substrates. The use of specific lights as a limiting factor for biofilm growth could be effective in their control and represents an alternative to chemical methods since they can damage the substrate. However, studies about lighting and the photosynthetic activity of organisms in caves are scarce. In order to select the most effective LED light source in reducing photosynthesis and therefore, in reducing the growth rates of microalgae and cyanobacteria, four biofilms in the Nerja Cave were illuminated by several light emitted diodes (LEDs) with different spectral compositions and the photobiological responses were measured both by empirical and theoretical methodologies. The empirical approach was based on the photosynthetic efficiency, by measuring the in vivo chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence and the theoretical approach was based on the photonic assimilation performance related to the proportion of the light quality used for photosynthesis, according to the action spectra for photosynthesis available in the literature. The photobiological responses showed differences between the empirical and theoretical approach mainly in biofilms dominated by cyanobacteria and red algae, probably because the available action spectra were not useful for monitoring these Nerja Cave biofilms. However, the expected spectral responses of photosynthesis were observed in green microalgal biofilms with maximum photosynthetic efficiency in red and blue light although the green light was also unexpectedly high. The high photosynthetic efficiency in green light could be explained by the predictable high chlorophyll content due to a very dark environment. The results were not conclusive enough for all the biofilm types to be able to recommend a specific lighting system for the photocontrol of biofilm expansion. Therefore, new action spectra for photosynthesis of the extremophile organisms of the Nerja Cave are required. This approach, based on theoretical and empirical methodologies, is a useful tool to obtain information to allow the design of the most adequate lighting systems to reduce photosynthetic activity and favour the conservation of the caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz-Fernández
- Malaga University, Institute of Biotechnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Department of Ecology and Geology, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Y Del Rosal
- Nerja Cave Foundation, Research Institute, Carretera de Maro s/n, 29787 Nerja, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Álvarez-Gómez
- Malaga University, Institute of Biotechnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Department of Ecology and Geology, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Hernández-Mariné
- Barcelona University, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Guzmán-Sepúlveda
- Malaga University, Department of Graphic Expression, Design and Project, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - N Korbee
- Malaga University, Institute of Biotechnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Department of Ecology and Geology, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - F L Figueroa
- Malaga University, Institute of Biotechnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Department of Ecology and Geology, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Lema A S, Klemenčič M, Völlmy F, Altelaar M, Funk C. The Role of Pseudo-Orthocaspase (SyOC) of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in Attenuating the Effect of Oxidative Stress. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634366. [PMID: 33613507 PMCID: PMC7889975 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are proteases, best known for their involvement in the execution of apoptosis-a subtype of programmed cell death, which occurs only in animals. These proteases are composed of two structural building blocks: a proteolytically active p20 domain and a regulatory p10 domain. Although structural homologs appear in representatives of all other organisms, their functional homology, i.e., cell death depending on their proteolytical activity, is still much disputed. Additionally, pseudo-caspases and pseudo-metacaspases, in which the catalytic histidine-cysteine dyad is substituted with non-proteolytic amino acid residues, were shown to be involved in cell death programs. Here, we present the involvement of a pseudo-orthocaspase (SyOC), a prokaryotic caspase-homolog lacking the p10 domain, in oxidative stress in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. To study the in vivo impact of this pseudo-protease during oxidative stress its gene expression during exposure to H2O2 was monitored by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, a knock-out mutant lacking the pseudo-orthocaspase gene was designed, and its survival and growth rates were compared to wild type cells as well as its proteome. Deletion of SyOC led to cells with a higher tolerance toward oxidative stress, suggesting that this protein may be involved in a pro-death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Lema A
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Characterization of Light-Enhanced Respiration in Cyanobacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010342. [PMID: 33396191 PMCID: PMC7796093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic algae, respiratory O2 uptake is enhanced after illumination, which is called light-enhanced respiration (LER). It is likely stimulated by an increase in respiratory substrates produced during photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and function in keeping the metabolic and redox homeostasis in the light in eukaryotic cells, based on the interactions among the cytosol, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Here, we first characterize LER in photosynthetic prokaryote cyanobacteria, in which respiration and photosynthesis share their metabolisms and electron transport chains in one cell. From the physiological analysis, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 performs LER, similar to eukaryotic algae, which shows a capacity comparable to the net photosynthetic O2 evolution rate. Although the respiratory and photosynthetic electron transports share the interchain, LER was uncoupled from photosynthetic electron transport. Mutant analyses demonstrated that LER is motivated by the substrates directly provided by photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, but not by glycogen. Further, the light-dependent activation of LER was observed even with exogenously added glucose, implying a regulatory mechanism for LER in addition to the substrate amounts. Finally, we discuss the physiological significance of the large capacity of LER in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae compared to those in plants that normally show less LER.
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Model quantification of the light-induced thylakoid membrane processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in vivo and after exposure to radioactive irradiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:259-278. [PMID: 32734447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of OJIP-SMT patterns of fluorescence induction (FI) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) cells on a time scale up to several minutes were mathematically treated within the framework of thylakoid membrane (T-M) model (Belyaeva et al., Photosynth Res 140:1-19, 2019) that was renewed to account for the state transitions effects. Principles of describing electron transfer in reaction centers of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) and cytochrome b6f complex remained unchanged, whereas parameters for dissipative reactions of non-radiative charge recombination were altered depending on the oxidation state of QB-site (neutral, reduced by one electron, empty, reduced by two electrons). According to our calculations, the initial content of plastoquinol (PQH2) in the total quinone pool of Synechocystis cells adapted to darkness for 10 min ranged between 20 and 40%. The results imply that the PQ pool mediates photosynthetic and respiratory charge flows. The redistribution of PBS antenna units responsible for the increase of Chl fluorescence in cyanobacteria (qT2 → 1) upon state 2 → 1 transition or the fluorescence lowering (qT1 → 2) due to state 1 → 2 transition were described in the model by exponential functions. Parameters of dynamically changed effective cross section were found by means of simulations of OJIP-SMT patterns observed on Synechocystis cells upon strong (3000 μmol photons m-2s-1) and moderate (1000 μmol photons m-2s-1) actinic light intensities. The corresponding light constant values kLΣAnt = 1.2 ms-1 and 0.4 ms-1 define the excitation of total antenna pool dynamically redistributed between PSII and PSI reaction centers. Although the OCP-induced quenching of antenna excitation is not involved in the model, the main features of the induction signals have been satisfactorily explained. In the case of strong illumination, the effective cross section decreases by approximately 33% for irradiated Synechocystis cells as compared to untreated cells. Under moderate light, the irradiated Synechocystis cells showed in simulations the same cross section as the untreated cells. The thylakoid model renewed with state transitions description allowed simulation of fluorescence induction OJIP-SMT curves detected on time scale from microseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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Sleutels T, Sebastião Bernardo R, Kuntke P, Janssen M, Buisman CJN, Hamelers HVM. Enhanced Phototrophic Biomass Productivity through Supply of Hydrogen Gas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2020; 7:861-865. [PMID: 33195732 PMCID: PMC7659310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial production of phototrophic microorganisms is often hindered by low productivity due to limited light availability and therefore requires large land areas. This letter demonstrates that supply of hydrogen gas (H2) increases in phototrophic biomass productivity compared to a culture growing on light only. Experiments were performed growing Synechocystis sp. in batch bottles, with and without H2 in the headspace, which were exposed to light intensities of 70 and 100 μmol/m2/s. At 70 μmol/m2/s with H2, the average increase in biomass was 96 mg DW/L/d, whereas at 100 μmol/m2/s without H2, the average increase in biomass was 27 mg DW/L/d. Even at lower light intensity, the addition of H2 tripled the biomass yield compared to growth under light only. Photoreduction and photosynthesis occurred simultaneously, as both H2 consumption and O2 production were measured during biomass growth. Photoreduction used 1.85 mmol of H2 to produce 1.0 mmol of biomass, while photosynthesis produced 1.95 mmol of biomass. After transferring the culture to the dark, growth ceased, also in the presence of H2, showing that both light and H2 were needed for growth. A renewable H2 supply for higher biomass productivity is attractive since the combined efficiency of photovoltaics and electrolysis exceeds the photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sleutels
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911MA, The
Netherlands
| | - Rita Sebastião Bernardo
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911MA, The
Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kuntke
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911MA, The
Netherlands
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Janssen
- Bioprocess
Engineering, AlgaePARC, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. N. Buisman
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911MA, The
Netherlands
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertus V. M. Hamelers
- Wetsus,
European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden 8911MA, The
Netherlands
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Mishra KB, Vítek P, Mishra A, Hájek J, Barták M. Chlorophyll a fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy can monitor activation/deactivation of photosynthesis and carotenoids in Antarctic lichens. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118458. [PMID: 32480272 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lichens survive harsh weather of Antarctica as well as of other hostile environments worldwide. Therefore, this investigation is important to understand the evolution of life on Earth in relation to their stress tolerance strategy. We have used chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively, to monitor the activation/deactivation of photosynthesis and carotenoids in three diverse Antarctic lichens, Dermatocarpon polyphyllizum (DP), Umbilicaria antarctica (UA), and Leptogium puberulum (LP). These lichens, post 4 h or 24 h of hydration, showed differences in their ChlF transients and values of major ChlF parameters, e.g., in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and yields of fluorescence and heat dissipation (Φf,d), of effective quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and of non-photochemical quenching (Φnpq), which may be due to quantitative and/or qualitative differences in the composition of their photobionts. For understanding the kinetics of hydration-induced activation of photosynthesis, we screened ΦPSII of these lichens and reported its non-linear stimulation on a minute time scale; half of the activation time (t1/2) was fastest ~4.05 ± 0.29 min for DP, which was followed by 5.46 ± 0.18 min for UA, and 13.95 ± 1.24 min for LP. Upon drying of fully activated lichen thallus, there was a slow decay, in hours, of relative water content (RWC) as well as of Fv/Fm. Raman spectral signatures were different for lichens having algal (in DP and UA) and cyanobacteria (in LP) photobionts, and there was a significant shift in ν1(C=C) Raman band of carotenoids post 24 h hydration as compared to their value at a dry state or post 4 h of hydration; this shift was decreased, when drying, in DP and LP but not in UA. We conclude that hydration nonlinearly activated photosynthetic apparatus/reactions of these lichens in minute time range but there was a de-novo synthesis of chlorophylls as well as of carotenoids post 24 h. Their dehydration-induced deactivation, however, was comparatively slow, in hours range, and there seemed a degradation of synthesized chlorophylls and carotenoids post dryness. We conclude that in extremophilic lichens, their photosynthetic partners, in particular, possess a complex survival and photoprotective strategy to be successful in the extreme terrestrial environments in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Bandhu Mishra
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Vítek
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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de la Rosa F, De Troch M, Malanga G, Hernando M. Differential sensitivity of fatty acids and lipid damage in Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria) exposed to increased temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 235:108773. [PMID: 32360213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Changes in fatty acid (FA) composition can mean a mechanism of acclimation of Cyanobacteria to climate change. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of increased temperature on M. aeruginosa cultures in terms of FA content, lipid damage, biomass and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Unicellular cultures were exposed to high (29 °C) and control (26 °C) temperature for 12 days. Differential sensitivity of ω3 FAs was observed after 2 days of exposure to elevated temperature (29 °C). Also, no significant differences in ROS content at different temperatures were observed although there was a significant decrease compared to the value at the start of the incubation. Thus, low FA peroxidation of selected ω6 PUFAs and potentially increased activation of antioxidant systems, resulting in lower lipid damage (on average 35%), could explain the strong acclimation to high temperature as shown by the increased growth rate (11%) compared to the control conditions. In high temperature conditions we found a retarded desaturation to 18:3ω3 and 18:4ω3 PUFAs which were 40% lower compared with control at the end of incubation. Overall, growth rate and omega-6 FA were increased at high temperature as a mechanism of successful acclimation. This is highly relevant for the ecological role of M. aeruginosa as food source for grazers. A reduced FA level can have serious implications for the flow of energy and thus the overall functioning of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia de la Rosa
- Instituto de Fisiología y Neurociencias (IFiNe), Universidad de Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Machado 914, 5to Piso, 1708 Morón, Argentina; CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Marine Biology, Krijgslaan, 281-S8, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)- CONICET, Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Hernando
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Departamento de Radiobiología, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (1650) Gral, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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45
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Mechanical regulation of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:757-767. [PMID: 32203409 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms regulate their responses to many diverse stimuli in an effort to balance light harvesting with utilizable light energy for carbon fixation and growth (source-sink regulation). This balance is critical to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species that can lead to cell death. However, investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria using ensemble-based measurements remains a challenge due to population heterogeneity. Here, to address this problem, we used long-term quantitative time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, mathematical modelling and genetic manipulation to visualize and analyse the growth and subcellular dynamics of individual wild-type and mutant cyanobacterial cells over multiple generations. We reveal that mechanical confinement of actively growing Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 cells leads to the physical disassociation of phycobilisomes and energetic decoupling from the photosynthetic reaction centres. We suggest that the mechanical regulation of photosynthesis is a critical failsafe that prevents cell expansion when light and nutrients are plentiful, but when space is limiting. These results imply that cyanobacteria must convert a fraction of the available light energy into mechanical energy to overcome frictional forces in the environment, providing insight into the regulation of photosynthesis and how microorganisms navigate their physical environment.
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46
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Physical and biological fixation of CO 2 with polymeric nanofibers in outdoor cultivations of Chlorella fusca LEB 111. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 151:1332-1339. [PMID: 31758984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to cultivate Chlorella fusca LEB 111 with nanofibers indoors and outdoors to verify the effect on CO2 biofixation and macromolecule production. The microalgae were cultured with 10% (w v-1) polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethylformamide (DMF) nanofibers containing 4% (w v-1) iron oxide nanoparticles (NPsFe2O3), which were added to the cultivations at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 g L-1. The CO2 biofixation was higher in outdoor assays (270.6 and 310.9 mg L-1 d-1) than in indoor assays (124.6 and 131 mg L-1 d-1) with 0.1 and 0.3 g L-1 nanofibers, respectively. The outdoor assays with 0.3 g L-1 nanofibers had 10.9% greater lipid production than the assays without nanofibers. Thus, this first study of outdoor cultivations with nanofibers as physical adsorbents of CO2 showed the effect of nanostructures in maximizing gas biofixation and producing biomolecules that can be used to obtain bioproducts.
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47
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Ritter SPA, Lewis AC, Vincent SL, Lo LL, Cunha APA, Chamot D, Ensminger I, Espie GS, Owttrim GW. Evidence for convergent sensing of multiple abiotic stresses in cyanobacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129462. [PMID: 31669584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria routinely utilize two-component signal transduction pathways to sense and alter gene expression in response to environmental cues. While cyanobacteria express numerous two-component systems, these pathways do not regulate all of the genes within many of the identified abiotic stress-induced regulons. METHODS Electron transport inhibitors combined with western analysis and measurement of chlorophyll a fluorescent yield, using pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry, were used to detect the effect of a diverse range of abiotic stresses on the redox status of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and the accumulation and degradation of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 DEAD box RNA helicase, CrhR. RESULTS Alterations in CrhR abundance were tightly correlated with the redox poise of the electron transport chain between QA and cytochrome b6f, with reduction favoring CrhR accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence for an alternative, convergent sensing mechanism mediated through the redox poise of QB/PQH2 that senses multiple, divergent forms of abiotic stress and regulates accumulation of CrhR. The RNA helicase activity of CrhR could then function as a post-translational effector to regulate downstream gene expression. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The potential for a related system in Staphylococcus aureus and higher plant chloroplasts suggest convergent sensing mechanisms may be evolutionarily conserved and occur more widely than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P A Ritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Allison C Lewis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Shelby L Vincent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Li Ling Lo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | | | - Danuta Chamot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - George S Espie
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - George W Owttrim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
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Andersson B, Shen C, Cantrell M, Dandy DS, Peers G. The Fluctuating Cell-Specific Light Environment and Its Effects on Cyanobacterial Physiology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:547-564. [PMID: 31391208 PMCID: PMC6776867 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Individual cells of cyanobacteria or algae are supplied with light in a highly irregular fashion when grown in industrial-scale photobioreactors (PBRs). These conditions coincide with significant reductions in growth rate compared to the static light environments commonly used in laboratory experiments. We grew a dense culture of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under a sinusoidal light regime in a bench-top PBR (the Phenometrics environmental PBR [ePBR]). We developed a computational fluid dynamics model of the ePBR, which predicted that individual cells experienced rapid fluctuations (∼6 s) between 2,000 and <1 µmol photons m-2 s-1, caused by vertical mixing and self-shading. The daily average light exposure of a single cell was 180 µmol photons m-2 s-1 Physiological measurements across the day showed no in situ occurrence of nonphotochemical quenching, and there was no significant photoinhibition. An ex situ experiment showed that up to 50% of electrons derived from PSII were diverted to alternative electron transport in a rapidly changing light environment modeled after the ePBR. Collectively, our results suggest that modification of nonphotochemical quenching may not increase cyanobacterial productivity in PBRs with rapidly changing light. Instead, tuning the rate of alternative electron transport and increasing the processing rates of electrons downstream of PSI are potential avenues to enhance productivity. The approach presented here could be used as a template to investigate the photophysiology of any aquatic photoautotroph in a natural or industrially relevant mixing regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Andersson
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Michael Cantrell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - David S Dandy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Tsuzuki M, Okada K, Isoda H, Hirano M, Odaka T, Saijo H, Aruga R, Miyauchi H, Fujiwara S. Physiological Properties of Photoautotrophic Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Relevant to Industrial Biomass Production. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:406-415. [PMID: 30927152 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic mass culture of microalgae is currently under investigation for social implementation, since such organisms are anticipated to be resources of alternative fuels and materials for reducing global warming. Production scale-up of culture systems and economy balance are great barriers for practical usage. In order to develop new culture systems such as attachment on solid surfaces or biofilms, we investigated various characteristics of photosynthesis in Chlorella, not only in liquid but also on filter membranes. In aquatic cultures, the photosynthetic rate was almost the same as the specific exponential growth rate at over 32 °C, suggesting that highly efficient cell growth was achieved at that temperature. The algal cells could fix about 50 mmol carbons per mole photons, at cloudy-day-level light intensities, which result to produce 1.2 g dry cell weight in calculation. Moreover, Chlorella could grow on a membrane surface at almost the same rate as in liquid. Similar tolerance to water deficiency was observed in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis, in which gene expression responded in 30 min after the stress. Such a tolerance was also observed in other species of microalgae and cyanobacteria in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Tsuzuki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Okada
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Haruna Isoda
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirano
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Odaka
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Saijo
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Risa Aruga
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyauchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoko Fujiwara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
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Pérez AA, Chen Q, Hernández HP, Branco dos Santos F, Hellingwerf KJ. On the use of oxygenic photosynthesis for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:413-427. [PMID: 30829400 PMCID: PMC6850307 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A sustainable society will have to largely refrain from the use of fossil carbon deposits. In such a regime, renewable electricity can be harvested as a primary source of energy. However, as for the synthesis of carbon-based materials from bulk chemicals, an alternative is required. A sustainable approach towards this is the synthesis of commodity chemicals from CO2 , water and sunlight. Multiple paths to achieve this have been designed and tested in the domains of chemistry and biology. In the latter, the use of both chemotrophic and phototrophic organisms has been advocated. 'Direct conversion' of CO2 and H2 O, catalyzed by an oxyphototroph, has excellent prospects to become the most economically competitive of these transformations, because of the relative ease of scale-up of this process. Significantly, for a wide range of energy and commodity products, a proof of principle via engineering of the corresponding production organism has been provided. In the optimization of a cyanobacterial production organism, a wide range of aspects has to be addressed. Of these, here we will put our focus on: (1) optimizing the (carbon) flux to the desired product; (2) increasing the genetic stability of the producing organism and (3) maximizing its energy conversion efficiency. Significant advances have been made on all these three aspects during the past 2 years and these will be discussed: (1) increasing the carbon partitioning to >50%; (2) aligning product formation with the growth of the cells and (3) expanding the photosynthetically active radiation region for oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Pérez
- Molecular Microbial Physiology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam1098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Photanol BVMatrix VAmsterdam, 1098 XHThe Netherlands
| | - Que Chen
- Molecular Microbial Physiology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam1098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hugo Pineda Hernández
- Molecular Microbial Physiology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam1098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Filipe Branco dos Santos
- Molecular Microbial Physiology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam1098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Klaas J. Hellingwerf
- Molecular Microbial Physiology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam1098 XH AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Photanol BVMatrix VAmsterdam, 1098 XHThe Netherlands
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