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Ju H, Zhang J, Zou Y, Xie F, Tang X, Zhang S, Li J. Bacteria undergo significant shifts while archaea maintain stability in Pocillopora damicornis under sustained heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118469. [PMID: 38354884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Global warming reportedly poses a critical risk to coral reef ecosystems. Bacteria and archaea are crucial components of the coral holobiont. The response of archaea associated with warming is less well understood than that of the bacterial community in corals. Also, there have been few studies on the dynamics of the microbial community in the coral holobiont under long-term heat stress. In order to track the dynamic alternations in the microbial communities within the heat-stressed coral holobiont, three-week heat-stress monitoring was carried out on the coral Pocillopora damicornis. The findings demonstrate that the corals were stressed at 32 °C, and showed a gradual decrease in Symbiodiniaceae density with increasing duration of heat stress. The archaeal community in the coral holobiont remained relatively unaltered by the increasing temperature, whereas the bacterial community was considerably altered. Sustained heat stress exacerbated the dissimilarities among parallel samples of the bacterial community, confirming the Anna Karenina Principle in animal microbiomes. Heat stress leads to more complex and unstable microbial networks, characterized by an increased average degree and decreased modularity, respectively. With the extension of heat stress duration, the relative abundances of the gene (nifH) and genus (Tistlia) associated with nitrogen fixation increased in coral samples, as well as the potential pathogenic bacteria (Flavobacteriales) and opportunistic bacteria (Bacteroides). Hence, our findings suggest that coral hosts might recruit nitrogen-fixing bacteria during the initial stages of suffering heat stress. An environment that is conducive to the colonization and development of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria when the coral host becomes more susceptible as heat stress duration increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Feiyang Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Twomey A, Lovelock C. Global spatial dataset of mangrove genus distribution in seaward and riverine margins. Sci Data 2024; 11:306. [PMID: 38509068 PMCID: PMC10954639 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are nature-based solutions for coastal protection however their ability to attenuate waves and stabilise and accrete sediment varies with their species-specific architecture and frontal area. Hydrodynamic models are typically used to predict and assess the protection afforded by mangroves, but without species or genus distribution information, the results can be significantly different from reality. Data on the frontal genus of mangroves exposed to waves and tides can provide information that can be used in hydrodynamic models to more accurately forecast the protection benefit provided by mangroves. Globally, frontal species were identified from existing mangrove zonation diagrams to create a global mangrove genus distribution map. This dataset aims to improve the accuracy of hydrodynamic models. Data may be of interest to researchers in coastal engineering, marine science, wetland ecology and blue carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Twomey
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067, Australia.
| | - Catherine Lovelock
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067, Australia
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Verutes GM, Yang PF, Eastman SF, Doughty CL, Adgie TE, Dietz K, Dix NG, North A, Guannel G, Chapman SK. Using vulnerability assessment to characterize coastal protection benefits provided by estuarine habitats of a dynamic intracoastal waterway. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16738. [PMID: 38390391 PMCID: PMC10883153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of coastal ecosystems depends on their ability to gain sediment and keep pace with sea level rise. Similar to other coastal areas, Northeast Florida (United States) is experiencing rapid population growth, climate change, and shifting wetland communities. Rising seas and more severe storms, coupled with the intensification of human activities, can modify the biophysical environment, thereby increasing coastal exposure to storm-induced erosion and inundation. Using the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve as a case study, we analyzed the distribution of coastal protection services-expressly, wave attenuation and sediment control-provided by estuarine habitats inside a dynamic Intracoastal waterway. We explored six coastal variables that contribute to coastal flooding and erosion-(a) relief, (b) geomorphology, (c) estuarine habitats, (d) wind exposure, (e) boat wake energy, and (f) storm surge potential-to assess physical exposure to coastal hazards. The highest levels of coastal exposure were found in the north and south sections of the Reserve (9% and 14%, respectively) compared to only 4% in the central, with exposure in the south driven by low wetland elevation, high surge potential, and shorelines composed of less stable sandy and muddy substrate. The most vulnerable areas of the central Reserve and main channel of the Intracoastal waterway were exposed to boat wakes from larger vessels frequently traveling at medium speeds (10-20 knots) and had shoreline segments oriented towards the prevailing winds (north-northeast). To guide management for the recently expanded Reserve into vulnerable areas near the City of Saint Augustine, we evaluated six sites of concern where the current distribution of estuarine habitats (mangroves, salt marshes, and oyster beds) likely play the greatest role in natural protection. Spatially explicit outputs also identified potential elevation maintenance strategies such as living shorelines, landform modification, and mangrove establishment for providing coastal risk-reduction and other ecosystem-service co-benefits. Salt marshes and mangroves in two sites of the central section (N-312 and S-312) were found to protect more than a one-quarter of their cross-shore length (27% and 73%, respectively) from transitioning to the highest exposure category. Proposed interventions for mangrove establishment and living shorelines could help maintain elevation in these sites of concern. This work sets the stage for additional research, education, and outreach about where mangroves, salt marshes, and oyster beds are most likely to reduce risk to wetland communities in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip F. Yang
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship and Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Scott F. Eastman
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Doughty
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Therese E. Adgie
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship and Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Dietz
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Nicole G. Dix
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Allix North
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Gregory Guannel
- Caribbean Green Technology Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, United States
| | - Samantha K. Chapman
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship and Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
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Ruiz-Diaz CP, Toledo-Hernández C, Sánchez-González JL, Mercado-Molina AE. A successful method to restore seagrass habitats in coastal areas affected by consecutive natural events. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16700. [PMID: 38188168 PMCID: PMC10768669 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Seagrass meadows, known for providing essential ecosystem services like supporting fishing, coastline protection from erosion, and acting as carbon sinks to mitigate climate change effects, are facing severe degradation. The current deteriorating state can be attributed to the combination of anthropogenic activities, biological factors (i.e., invasive species), and natural forces (i.e., hurricanes). Indeed, the global seagrass cover is diminishing at an alarming mean rate of 7% annually, jeopardizing the health of these vital ecosystems. However, in the Island Municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico, losses are occurring at a faster pace. For instance, hurricanes have caused over 10% of cover seagrass losses, and the natural recovery of seagrasses across Culebra's coast has been slow due to the low growth rates of native seagrasses (Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme) and the invasion of the invasive species Halophila stipulacea. Restoration programs are, thus, necessary to revitalize the native seagrass communities and associated fauna while limiting the spread of the invasive species. Methods Here, we present the results of a seagrass meadow restoration project carried out in Punta Melones (PTM), Culebra, Puerto Rico, in response to the impact of Hurricanes Irma and María during 2017. The restoration technique used was planting propagation units (PUs), each with an area of 900 cm2 of native seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme, planted at a depth between 3.5 and 4.5 m. A total of 688 PUs were planted between August 2021 and August 2023, and a sub-sample of 88 PUs was monitored between August 2021 and April 2023. Results PUs showed over 95% of the seagrass survived, with Hurricane Fiona causing most of the mortalities potentially due to PUs burial by sediment movement and uplifting by wave energy. The surface area of the planting units increased by approximately 200% (i.e., 2,459 cm2), while seagrass shoot density increased by 168% (i.e., 126 shoots by PU). Additionally, flowering and fruiting were observed in multiple planting units, indicating 1) that the action taken did not adversely affect the PUs units and 2) that the project was successful in revitalizing seagrass populations. The seagrass restoration project achieved remarkable success, primarily attributed to the substantial volume of each PUs. Likely this high volume played a crucial role in facilitating the connection among roots, shoots, and microfauna while providing a higher number of undamaged and active rhizome meristems and short shoots. These factors collectively contributed to the enhanced growth and survivorship of the PUs, ultimately leading to the favorable outcome observed in the seagrass restoration project.
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Losciale R, Day JC, Rasheed MA, Heron SF. The vulnerability of World Heritage seagrass habitats to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17113. [PMID: 38273578 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Seagrass is an important natural attribute of 28 World Heritage (WH) properties. These WH seagrass habitats provide a wide range of services to adjacent ecosystems and human communities, and are one of the largest natural carbon sinks on the planet. Climate change is considered the greatest and fastest-growing threat to natural WH properties and evidence of climate-related impacts on seagrass habitats has been growing. The main objective of this study was to assess the vulnerability of WH seagrass habitats to location-specific key climate stressors. Quantitative surveys of seagrass experts and site managers were used to assess exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of WH seagrass habitats to climate stressors, following the Climate Vulnerability Index approach. Over half of WH seagrass habitats have high vulnerability to climate change, mainly from the long-term increase in sea-surface temperature and short-term marine heatwaves. Potential impacts from climate change and certainty scores associated with them were higher than reported by a similar survey-based study from 10 years prior, indicating a shift in stakeholder perspectives during the past decade. Additionally, seagrass experts' opinions on the cumulative impacts of climate and direct-anthropogenic stressors revealed that high temperature in combination with high suspended sediments, eutrophication and hypoxia is likely to provoke a synergistic cumulative (negative) impact (p < .05). A key component contributing to the high vulnerability assessments was the low adaptive capacity; however, discrepancies between adaptive capacity scores and qualitative responses suggest that managers of WH seagrass habitats might not be adequately equipped to respond to climate change impacts. This thematic assessment provides valuable information to help prioritize conservation actions, monitoring activities and research in WH seagrass habitats. It also demonstrates the utility of a systematic framework to evaluate the vulnerability of thematic groups of protected areas that share a specific attribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Losciale
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jon C Day
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael A Rasheed
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott F Heron
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Physics and Marine Geophysical Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Lafratta A, Serrano O, Masqué P, Fernandes M, Gaylard S, Lavery PS. Seagrass soils sequester up to half the metal emissions of one of the world's largest smelters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115684. [PMID: 37925990 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the world's largest smelters has been operating in South Australia since 1889, affecting environment and human health. Here we quantified the magnitude of Pb, Zn and Cd emissions from the smelter sequestered in the soil of an adjacent 110 km2Posidonia australis seagrass meadows. Seagrass core records show that the smelter contaminated the entire area with decreasing sequestration with increasing distance from contamination points. The soil accumulated ~1300 t of Pb, ~3450 t of Zn, and ~ 90 t of Cd since 1889, and sequestered the equivalent of ~20 % of Pb, and ~50 % of Zn and Cd cumulative smelter emissions since 1999, showing that seagrass can be significant, long-term sinks of metal pollution in highly contaminated environments. Conservation efforts should prioritize these seagrass meadows to avoid the potential release of pollutants from their soils following habitat loss, which could turn seagrasses from a sink to a source of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lafratta
- School of Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - O Serrano
- School of Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes 17300, Spain
| | - P Masqué
- School of Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco; Departament de Física & Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Fernandes
- South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water), GPO Box 1751, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - S Gaylard
- South Australian Environment Protection Authority, GPO Box 2607, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - P S Lavery
- School of Sciences & Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Blanes 17300, Spain
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Spalding MD, Longley-Wood K, McNulty VP, Constantine S, Acosta-Morel M, Anthony V, Cole AD, Hall G, Nickel BA, Schill SR, Schuhmann PW, Tanner D. Nature dependent tourism - Combining big data and local knowledge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117696. [PMID: 36934498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to quantify nature's value for tourism has significant implications for natural resource management and sustainable development policy. This is especially true in the Eastern Caribbean, where many countries are embracing the concept of the Blue Economy. The utilization of user-generated content (UGC) to understand tourist activities and preferences, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches, remains at the early stages of development and application. This work describes a new effort which has modelled and mapped multiple nature dependent sectors of the tourism industry across five small island nations. It makes broad use of UGC, while acknowledging the challenges and strengthening the approach with substantive input, correction, and modification from local experts. Our approach to measuring the nature-dependency of tourism is practical and scalable, producing data, maps and statistics of sufficient detail and veracity to support sustainable resource management, marine spatial planning, and the wider promotion of the Blue Economy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Spalding
- The Nature Conservancy, Protect Oceans Land and Water Program, Strada delle Tolfe, 14, Siena, 53100, Italy; Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK.
| | - Kate Longley-Wood
- The Nature Conservancy, Protect Oceans Land and Water Program, 99 Bedford St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | | | - Sherry Constantine
- The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Caribbean Program, P.O. Box 3397, Old Fort Road, St. George's, Grenada.
| | - Montserrat Acosta-Morel
- The Nature Conservancy, Avenida de los Próceres esq. Euclides Morillo, Diamond Mall, 1er Nivel, Local 6-A, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
| | - Val Anthony
- TripAdvisor, 400 1st Ave, Needham, MA, 02494, USA.
| | - Aaron D Cole
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Giselle Hall
- The Nature Conservancy, Caribbean Program, 1b Norwood Avenue, Kingston 5, Jamaica.
| | - Barry A Nickel
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Steven R Schill
- The Nature Conservancy, Caribbean Division, Coral Gables, FL, 33134, USA.
| | - Peter W Schuhmann
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA.
| | - Darren Tanner
- Microsoft, AI for Good Research Lab, Redmond, WA, 98052, USA.
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Arkema KK, Delevaux JMS, Silver JM, Winder SG, Schile-Beers LM, Bood N, Crooks S, Douthwaite K, Durham C, Hawthorne PL, Hickey T, Mattis C, Rosado A, Ruckelshaus M, von Unger M, Young A. Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1045-1059. [PMID: 37264198 PMCID: PMC10333125 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and pace of global climate change demand ambitious and effective implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Nature-based solutions present an efficient approach to achieving mitigation, adaptation and resilience goals. Yet few nations have quantified the diverse benefits of nature-based solutions to evaluate and select ecosystem targets for their NDCs. Here we report on Belize's pursuit of innovative, evidence-based target setting by accounting for multiple benefits of blue carbon strategies. Through quantification of carbon storage and sequestration and optimization of co-benefits, we explore time-bound targets and prioritize locations for mangrove protection and restoration. We find increases in carbon benefits with larger mangrove investments, while fisheries, tourism and coastal risk-reduction co-benefits grow initially and then plateau. We identify locations, currently lacking protected status, where prioritizing blue carbon strategies would provide the greatest delivery of co-benefits to communities. These findings informed Belize's updated NDCs to include an additional 12,000 ha of mangrove protection and 4,000 ha of mangrove restoration, respectively, by 2030. Our study serves as an example for the more than 150 other countries that have the opportunity to enhance greenhouse gas sequestration and climate adaptation by incorporating blue carbon strategies that provide multiple societal benefits into their NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K Arkema
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Jessica M Silver
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samantha G Winder
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Outdoor Recreation and Data Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nadia Bood
- World Wildlife Fund Mesoamerica, Belize Field Office, Belize City, Belize
| | | | | | | | - Peter L Hawthorne
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Colin Mattis
- National Climate Change Office, Belmopan, Belize
| | - Andria Rosado
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Belize City, Belize
| | - Mary Ruckelshaus
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Arlene Young
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Belize City, Belize
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Abd-Elgawad A, Cai R, Hellal A, Eltabakh M, Guo H, Mohamed F H, Xu C, Abou-Zaid M. Implementing a transformative approach to the coral reefs' recovery phase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163038. [PMID: 37003322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation and rehabilitation are responses to climate change and human misuse. However, many regions worldwide still lose coral reefs even after implementing these responses. We chose Hurghada city, on the Red Sea, and Weizhou island, on the South China Sea, as sample regions to assess their various modes of coral community structure loss against the combined climatic and human impact drivers that led to this shift. Despite the former being considered a regional coral refuge, while the latter was limited, both regions have previously intervened with coral restoration. We found that even after three decades of impact cessation by forcing laws, most coral reef states are still declining (about a third and a half in both cities), have not harnessed the existing crowded larval density, and are unrecovered. Such findings imply that the combined impacts will persist, necessitating a broad connectivity analysis that enables a suitable intervention (hybrid solutions hypothesis). Each state of coral categories was connected to certain combined stressor factors using our broad connectivity analysis to grasp the extent and relative contribution of coral community shift since our data obtained from comparable sites were widely varied. Moreover, destructive emerged changes have transformed the coral community structure under the forced adaptation scenario of the community structure, boosting those who can resist at the expense of others. To prove our hypothesis, we used the connectivity findings in determining the optimal technique and spots for coral rehabilitation around the two cities. We then compared our findings with the outcomes of two other existing adjacent restoration projects related to other endeavors. Our hybrid approach harvested coral larvae that had been wasted in both cities. Thus, hybrid solutions are globally required for such cases, and proper early interventions are needed to maintain the genotype power to boost coral adaptability throw global ecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Abd-Elgawad
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, PR China; Tourism Developing Authority, Central Administration for Environmental Affairs, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rongshuo Cai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, PR China.
| | - Ahmed Hellal
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Marine Biology & Ichthyology Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Eltabakh
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Marine Biology & Ichthyology Branch, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haixia Guo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Hala Mohamed F
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, PR China; Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Faculty of Science, Botany & Microbiology Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Changan Xu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Mohamed Abou-Zaid
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Science, Marine Biology & Ichthyology Branch, Cairo, Egypt
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Temmerman S, Horstman EM, Krauss KW, Mullarney JC, Pelckmans I, Schoutens K. Marshes and Mangroves as Nature-Based Coastal Storm Buffers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 15:95-118. [PMID: 35850492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040422-092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tidal marshes and mangroves are increasingly valued for nature-based mitigation of coastal storm impacts, such as flooding and shoreline erosion hazards, which are growing due to global change. As this review highlights, however, hazard mitigation by tidal wetlands is limited to certain conditions, and not all hazards are equally reduced. Tidal wetlands are effective in attenuating short-period storm-induced waves, but long-period storm surges, which elevate sea levels up to several meters for up to more than a day, are attenuated less effectively, or in some cases not at all, depending on storm conditions, wetland properties, and larger-scale coastal landscape geometry. Wetlands often limit erosion, but storm damage to vegetation (especially mangrove trees) can be substantial, and recovery may take several years. Longer-term wetland persistence can be compromised when combined with other stressors, such as climate change and human disturbances. Due to these uncertainties, nature-based coastal defense projects need to adopt adaptive management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; , ,
| | - Erik M Horstman
- Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Ken W Krauss
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, US Geological Survey, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Julia C Mullarney
- Coastal Marine Group, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
| | - Ignace Pelckmans
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; , ,
| | - Ken Schoutens
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; , ,
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Shiiba N, Singh P, Charan D, Raj K, Stuart J, Pratap A, Maekawa M. Climate change and coastal resiliency of Suva, Fiji: a holistic approach for measuring climate risk using the climate and ocean risk vulnerability index (CORVI). MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE 2023; 28:9. [PMID: 36685809 PMCID: PMC9838293 DOI: 10.1007/s11027-022-10043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coastal cities are under severe threat from the impacts of climate change, such as sea-level rise, extreme weather events, coastal inundation, and ecosystem degradation. It is well known that the ocean, and in particular coastal environments, have been changing at an unprecedented rate, which poses increasing risks to people in small island developing states, such as Fiji. The Greater Suva Urban Area, the capital and largest metropolitan area of Fiji, is expected to be largely impacted by climate-related risks to its socio-economic, cultural, and political positions. In the face of these threats, creating a resilient city that can withstand and adapt to the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable development should be guided by a holistic approach, encompassing stakeholders from the government, the private sector, civil society organizations, and international institutions. This study assesses the risk profile of Suva city using an innovative risk information tool, the climate and ocean risk vulnerability index (CORVI), which applies structured expert judgment to quantify climate-related risks in data-sparse environments. Through comparative quantification of diverse risk factors and narrative analysis, this study identifies three priority areas for Suva's future climate-resilient actions: development of climate risk-informed urban planning, harmonized urban development and natural restoration, and enhancing the climate resilience to the tourism sector. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11027-022-10043-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Shiiba
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, 240-0115 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Arpana Pratap
- Pacific Islands Development Forum, Suva, Republic of Fiji
| | - Miko Maekawa
- Ocean Policy Research Institute of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Losciale R, Day J, Heron S. Conservation status, research, and knowledge of seagrass habitats in World Heritage properties. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Day
- James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
| | - Scott Heron
- James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
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13
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Muraoka WT, Cramer KL, O’Dea A, Zhao JX, Leonard ND, Norris RD. Historical declines in parrotfish on Belizean coral reefs linked to shifts in reef exploitation following European colonization. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.972172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have utilized the Mesoamerican Reef (MAR) for millennia but the effects of prehistorical and historical fishing on this ecosystem remain understudied. To assess the long-term coupling of reef ecosystem and human dynamics in this region, we tracked trends in the structure and functioning of lagoonal reefs within the Belizean portion of the MAR using fish teeth fossils and sediment accumulation rates within reef sediment cores. We then paired this with a timeline of demographic and cultural changes in this region’s human populations. The ∼1,300-year timeline encompassed in the core record shows that declines in the relative abundance and accumulation rate of teeth from parrotfish, a key reef herbivore, occurred at all three reef sites and began between ∼1500 and 1800 AD depending on site and metric of abundance. A causality analysis showed that parrotfish relative abundance had a positive causal effect on reef accretion rates, a proxy of coral growth, reconfirming the important role of these fish in reef ecosystem functioning. The timing of initial declines in parrotfish teeth occurred during a time of relatively low human population density in Belize. However, declines were synchronous with cultural and demographic upheaval resulting from European colonization of the New World. The more recent declines at these sites (∼1800 AD) occurred in tandem with increased subsistence fishing on reefs by multiple immigrant groups, a pattern that was likely necessitated by the establishment of an import economy controlled by a small group of land-owning European elites. These long-term trends from the paleoecological record reveal that current parrotfish abundances in central Belize are well below their pre-European contact peaks and that increased fishing pressure on parrotfish post-contact has likely caused a decline in reef accretion rates. The origins of reef degradation in the Belizean portion of the MAR began hundreds of years before the onset of modern declines resulting from the combined effects of local human disturbances and climate change.
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14
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Wedding LM, Reiter S, Moritsch M, Hartge E, Reiblich J, Gourlie D, Guerry A. Embedding the value of coastal ecosystem services into climate change adaptation planning. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13463. [PMID: 36032941 PMCID: PMC9415443 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal habitats, such as salt marshes and dune systems, can protect communities from hazards by reducing coastline exposure. However, these critical habitats and their diverse ecosystem services are threatened by coastal development and the impacts from a changing climate. Ever increasing pressure on coastal habitats calls for coastal climate adaptation efforts that mitigate or adapt to these pressures in ways that maintain the integrity of coastal landscapes. An important challenge for decisionmakers is determining the best mitigation and adaptation strategies that not only protect human lives and property, but also safeguard the ability of coastal habitats to provide a broad suite of benefits. Here, we present a potential pathway for local-scale climate change adaptation planning through the identification and mapping of natural habitats that provide the greatest benefits to coastal communities. The methodology coupled a coastal vulnerability model with a climate adaptation policy assessment in an effort to identify priority locations for nature-based solutions that reduce vulnerability of critical assets using feasible land-use policy methods. Our results demonstrate the critical role of natural habitats in providing the ecosystem service of coastal protection in California. We found that specific dune habitats play a key role in reducing erosion and inundation of the coastline and that several wetland areas help to absorb energy from storms and provide a protective service for the coast of Marin county, California, USA. Climate change and adaptation planning are globally relevant issues in which the scalability and transferability of solutions must be considered. This work outlines an iterative approach for climate adaptation planning at a local-scale, with opportunity to consider the scalability of an iterative science-policy engagement approach to regional, national, and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Wedding
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Reiter
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America,Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, United States of America
| | - Monica Moritsch
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric Hartge
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jesse Reiblich
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America,Virginia Coastal Policy Center, William & Mary Law School, Williamsburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Don Gourlie
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America,Puget Sound Partnership, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Anne Guerry
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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15
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Shaver EC, McLeod E, Hein MY, Palumbi SR, Quigley K, Vardi T, Mumby PJ, Smith D, Montoya‐Maya P, Muller EM, Banaszak AT, McLeod IM, Wachenfeld D. A roadmap to integrating resilience into the practice of coral reef restoration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4751-4764. [PMID: 35451154 PMCID: PMC9545251 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent warm temperatures driven by climate change have caused mass coral bleaching and mortality across the world, prompting managers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners to embrace restoration as a strategy to sustain coral reefs. Despite a proliferation of new coral reef restoration efforts globally and increasing scientific recognition and research on interventions aimed at supporting reef resilience to climate impacts, few restoration programs are currently incorporating climate change and resilience in project design. As climate change will continue to degrade coral reefs for decades to come, guidance is needed to support managers and restoration practitioners to conduct restoration that promotes resilience through enhanced coral reef recovery, resistance, and adaptation. Here, we address this critical implementation gap by providing recommendations that integrate resilience principles into restoration design and practice, including for project planning and design, coral selection, site selection, and broader ecosystem context. We also discuss future opportunities to improve restoration methods to support enhanced outcomes for coral reefs in response to climate change. As coral reefs are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, interventions that enhance reef resilience will help to ensure restoration efforts have a greater chance of success in a warming world. They are also more likely to provide essential contributions to global targets to protect natural biodiversity and the human communities that rely on reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaux Y. Hein
- Marine Ecosystem Restoration Research and ConsultingMonacoMonaco
| | | | - Kate Quigley
- Minderoo FoundationPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Tali Vardi
- ECS for NOAA Fisheries Office of Science & TechnologySilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - David Smith
- Coral Reef Research UnitSchool of Life SciencesEssexUK
- Mars IncorporatedLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Ian M. McLeod
- TropWATER, The Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - David Wachenfeld
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park AuthorityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
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16
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Barnett J, Jarillo S, Swearer SE, Lovelock CE, Pomeroy A, Konlechner T, Waters E, Morris RL, Lowe R. Nature-based solutions for atoll habitability. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210124. [PMID: 35574851 PMCID: PMC9108937 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atoll societies have adapted their environments and social systems for thousands of years, but the rapid pace of climate change may bring conditions that exceed their adaptive capacities. There is growing interest in the use of ‘nature-based solutions' to facilitate the continuation of dignified and meaningful lives on atolls through a changing climate. However, there remains insufficient evidence to conclude that these can make a significant contribution to adaptation on atolls, let alone to develop standards and guidelines for their implementation. A sustained programme of research to clarify the potential of nature-based solutions to support the habitability of atolls is therefore vital. In this paper, we provide a prospectus to guide this research programme: we explain the challenge climate change poses to atoll societies, discuss past and potential future applications of nature-based solutions and outline an agenda for transdisciplinary research to advance knowledge of the efficacy and feasibility of nature-based solutions to sustain the habitability of atolls. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nurturing resilient marine ecosystems’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Barnett
- Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sergio Jarillo
- Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew Pomeroy
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Teresa Konlechner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Wildlife Consultants Ltd, 7A Vulcan Place, Middleton, Christchurch 8024, New Zealand
| | - Elissa Waters
- Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Morris
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ryan Lowe
- Oceans Graduate School, and School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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17
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Walker JE, Ankersen T, Barchiesi S, Meyer CK, Altieri AH, Osborne TZ, Angelini C. Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114823. [PMID: 35313150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves provide critical ecosystems services, contributing an estimated 42 billion US dollars to global fisheries, storing 25.5 million tons of carbon per year, and providing flood protection to over 15 million people annually. Yet, they are increasingly threatened by factors ranging from local resource exploitation to global climate change, with an estimated 35% of mangrove forests lost in the past two decades. These threats are difficult to manage due to the intrinsic characteristics of mangrove systems and their provisioning services, and their transboundary and pan-global nature. Due to their unique intertidal ecological niche, mangroves are often treated as a "common pool resource" within national legal frameworks, making them particularly susceptible to exploitation. Moreover, they form ecological connections through numerous biotic and abiotic processes that cross political boundaries. Because of these qualities a cross-scale nested framework of international, regional, and local coordination is necessary to successfully sustain mangrove ecosystems and their valuable services. Although coordination across the geopolitical spectrum is often cited as a need for effective management of common resources such as mangroves, there has been no formal analysis of mangrove multiscale governance. In this paper we address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of interactions between and within international, regional, and local mangrove management regimes and examine the challenges and opportunities such multiscale governance frameworks present. We highlight Costa Rica as a case study to demonstrate the universal relevance and potential of multi-scale governance and explore its downscale potential. Using Elinor Ostrom's principles for self-governance of the commons as our touchstone, we identify where improvements to the status quo could be implemented to increase its effectiveness of the current frameworks to meet the ongoing challenge of managing mangrove-derived resources and services in the face of a changing climate and human needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Walker
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA; Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA; St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, 20686, USA.
| | - Thomas Ankersen
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Stefano Barchiesi
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Courtney K Meyer
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, Center for Coastal Solutions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Christine Angelini
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, Center for Coastal Solutions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
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18
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Brathwaite A, Clua E, Roach R, Pascal N. Coral reef restoration for coastal protection: Crafting technical and financial solutions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114718. [PMID: 35192980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal erosion, aggravated by coral reef mortality is a major issue for Small Island Developing States. Traditionally gray infrastructure, financed by public budgets has been used to combat beach loss. We examined if three Nature-based Solutions (NbS): (i) coral restoration (green) (ii) restoration + limestone (hybrid) and (iii) restoration + 3D printed concrete (hybrid) could deliver positive outcomes for coastal protection and further incentivize cost sharing for reef conservation, with private beneficiaries. We modelled the impact of restoration on wave attenuation at two reefs off Barbados and simulated up-front and maintenance costs over a 25-year period. All solutions provide additionality when compared to gray infrastructure, especially in mitigating against Sea Level Rise. Restoration was the least costly with the highest risk of failure. The hybrid solutions, were less risky than the green as they provided immediate wave attenuation, alongside complementary services such as increased attractiveness due to the presence of reef fish. Their costs were however between +80% and +450% higher than gray solutions. While this might initially deter the use of NbS, blended finance and in some cases, Payments for Ecosystem Services, could provide options for governments and private beneficiaries to share costs, with ultimately greater benefits for themselves and coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Brathwaite
- Blue Finance ECRE (Economics for Coral Reef Ecosystems), Foster Hall, Barbados; CRIOBE - USR 3278: PSL Université Paris: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD: Bâtiment R et T, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan CEDEX, France.
| | - Eric Clua
- CRIOBE - USR 3278: PSL Université Paris: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD: Bâtiment R et T, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan CEDEX, France; Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - Ramon Roach
- Coastal Zone Management Unit, Ministry of Maritime Affairs and the Blue Economy, Warrens Tower II, St. Michael, Barbados.
| | - Nicolas Pascal
- Blue Finance ECRE (Economics for Coral Reef Ecosystems), Foster Hall, Barbados; CRIOBE - USR 3278: PSL Université Paris: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD: Bâtiment R et T, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan CEDEX, France.
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19
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Shin Y, Midgley GF, Archer ERM, Arneth A, Barnes DKA, Chan L, Hashimoto S, Hoegh‐Guldberg O, Insarov G, Leadley P, Levin LA, Ngo HT, Pandit R, Pires APF, Pörtner H, Rogers AD, Scholes RJ, Settele J, Smith P. Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2846-2874. [PMID: 35098619 PMCID: PMC9303674 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening of ambitious strategies and targets by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Within their respective Conventions, the biodiversity and climate interlinked challenges have largely been addressed separately. There is evidence that conservation actions that halt, slow or reverse biodiversity loss can simultaneously slow anthropogenic mediated climate change significantly. This review highlights conservation actions which have the largest potential for mitigation of climate change. We note that conservation actions have mainly synergistic benefits and few antagonistic trade-offs with climate change mitigation. Specifically, we identify direct co-benefits in 14 out of the 21 action targets of the draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, notwithstanding the many indirect links that can also support both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. These relationships are context and scale-dependent; therefore, we showcase examples of local biodiversity conservation actions that can be incentivized, guided and prioritized by global objectives and targets. The close interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change mitigation, other nature's contributions to people and good quality of life are seldom as integrated as they should be in management and policy. This review aims to re-emphasize the vital relationships between biodiversity conservation actions and climate change mitigation in a timely manner, in support to major Conferences of Parties that are about to negotiate strategic frameworks and international goals for the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy F. Midgley
- School for Climate Studies, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Emma R. M. Archer
- Department of GeographyGeo‐Informatics and MeteorologyUniversity of PretoriaHatfield, PretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Almut Arneth
- Atmospheric Environmental ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Garmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Lena Chan
- International Biodiversity Conservation DivisionNational Parks BoardSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg
- School of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gregory Insarov
- Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy for SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Paul Leadley
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniversité Paris‐Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTechOrsayFrance
| | - Lisa A. Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation and Integrative Oceanography DivisionScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hien T. Ngo
- Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRomeItaly
- Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)BonnGermany
| | - Ram Pandit
- Centre for Environmental Economics and PolicyUWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Global Center for Food, Land and Water ResourcesResearch Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Aliny P. F. Pires
- Department of Ecology – IBRAGRio de Janeiro State University (UERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Hans‐Otto Pörtner
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | | | - Robert J. Scholes
- Global Change InstituteUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Josef Settele
- Department of Conservation Biology and Social‐Ecological SystemsHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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20
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Queiroz HADA, Gonçalves RM, Mishra M. Characterizing global satellite-based indicators for coastal vulnerability to erosion management as exemplified by a regional level analysis from Northeast Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152849. [PMID: 35016934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of coastal vulnerability to erosion is crucial for decision-making regarding the economy, ecology, health, security, among other issues. Most of the studies gather a large data set about physical and anthropogenic interference's on the vulnerability of coastal erosion regions around the world. However, for developing nations like Brazil, with extensive shoreline, it is challenging to develop and maintain an in situ infrastructure to offer a systematical scientific data set. In this context, several methods like Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) for monitoring the dynamic behavior of coastal systems require in situ collected data. Therefore, this contribution explores the use of global open source satellite-based indicators to assess coastal vulnerability to erosion at a regional level adopting an uncorrelated orthogonal basis set of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For this, the data set covers many spheres of the environment like biophysical and social factors, adopting the Pernambuco State's coast, Brazil, as a case study. The results showed the direct relationship between a high level of urbanization and low vegetation with the high coastal vulnerability to erosion. PC1 revealed built-up and surface temperature vary inversely to the soil organic carbon and vegetation cover along about 20 km (≈10% of the shoreline extension). The hotspots were in the urban cluster (Paulista, Olinda, Recife, and Jaboatao dos Guararapes), combined with high shoreline change around -2 m/yr. PC2 showed the natural action of wind on wave heights combined with sediment removal and the backshore settlement along 10 km of extension (≈5.5% of the shoreline), with the highly vulnerable sites concentrated in Itamaraca Island and C. S. Agostinho. This approach benefits from the multi-satellite and multi-resolution data sets integration to unravel the statistical influence of each variable able to guide stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heithor Alexandre de Araújo Queiroz
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Baiano (IF Baiano), Guanambi, BA, Brazil; Department of Cartographic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Geodetic Science and Technology of Geoinformation Post Graduation Program, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mikosz Gonçalves
- Department of Cartographic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Geodetic Science and Technology of Geoinformation Post Graduation Program, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Manoranjan Mishra
- Department of Natural Resource Management & Geoinformatics, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, India
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21
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Interconnections between Coastal Sediments, Hydrodynamics, and Ecosystem Profiles on the Mexican Caribbean Coast. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interconnections between hydrodynamics, coastal sediments, and ecosystem distribution were analysed for a ~250 km strip on the northern Mexican Caribbean coast. Ecosystems were related to the prevailing and extreme hydrodynamic conditions of two contrasting coastal environments in the study area: Cancun and Puerto Morelos. The results show that the northern Mexican Caribbean coast has fine and medium sands, with grain sizes decreasing generally, from north of Cancun towards the south of the region. Artificial beach nourishments in Cancun have affected the grain size distribution there. On beaches with no reef protection, larger grain sizes (D50 > 0.46 mm) are noted. These beaches are subject to a wide range of wave-induced currents (0.01–0.20 m/s) and have steeper coastal profiles, where sediments, macroalgae and dune-mangrove systems predominate. The coastline with the greatest amount of built infrastructure coincides with beaches unprotected by seagrass beds and coral reefs. Where islands or coral reefs offer protection through less intense hydrodynamic conditions, the beaches have flatter profiles, the dry beach is narrow, current velocities are low (~0.01–0.05 m/s) and sediments are finer (D50 < 0.36 mm). The results offer a science-based description of the interactions between physical processes and the role played by land uses for other tropical coastal ecosystems.
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Westphal H, Murphy GN, Doo SS, Mann T, Petrovic A, Schmidt C, Stuhr M. Ecosystem design as an avenue for improving services provided by carbonate producing marine ecosystems. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12785. [PMID: 35116197 PMCID: PMC8784016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem Design (ED) is an approach for constructing habitats that places human needs for ecosystem services at the center of intervention, with the overarching goal of establishing self-sustaining habitats which require limited management. This concept was originally developed for use in mangrove ecosystems, and is understandably controversial, as it markedly diverges from other protection approaches that assign human use a minor priority or exclude it. However, the advantage of ED lies within the considered implementation of these designed ecosystems, thus preserving human benefits from potential later disturbances. Here, we outline the concept of ED in tropical carbonate depositional systems and discuss potential applications to aid ecosystem services such as beach nourishment and protection of coastlines and reef islands at risk from environmental and climate change, CO2 sequestration, food production, and tourism. Biological carbonate sediment production is a crucial source of stability of reef islands and reef-rimmed coastlines. Careful implementation of designed carbonate depositional ecosystems could help counterbalance sea-level rise and manage documented erosion effects of coastal constructions. Importantly, adhering to the core ethos of ED, careful dynamic assessments which provide a balanced approach to maximizing ecosystem services (e.g., carbonate production), should identify and avoid any potential damages to existing functioning ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegard Westphal
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany,Geoscience Department, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary N. Murphy
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Steve S. Doo
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Mann
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Petrovic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Marleen Stuhr
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany,Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI), Eilat, Israel,Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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John J, Nandhini AR, Velayudhaperumal Chellam P, Sillanpää M. Microplastics in mangroves and coral reef ecosystems: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:397-416. [PMID: 34642583 PMCID: PMC8495182 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has recently been identified as a major issue for the health of ecosystems. Microplastics have typically sizes of less than 5 mm and occur in various forms, such as pellets, fibres, fragments, films, and granules. Mangroves and coral reefs are sensitive and restricted ecosystems that provide free ecological services such as coastal protection, maintaining natural cycles, hotspots of biodiversity and economically valuable goods. However, urbanization and industrial activities have started contaminating even these preserved ecosystems. Here we review sources, occurrence, and toxicity of microplastics in the trophic levels of mangrove and coral reef ecosystems. We present detection methods, such as microscopic identification and spectroscopy. We discuss mitigating measures that prevent the entry of microplastics into the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana John
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchchirappalli, India
| | - A R Nandhini
- Environmental Science and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mika Sillanpää
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212 India
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Davis J, Whitfield P, Szimanski D, Golden BR, Whitbeck M, Gailani J, Herman B, Tritinger A, Dillon SC, King J. A framework for evaluating island restoration performance: A case study from the Chesapeake Bay. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:42-48. [PMID: 33913621 PMCID: PMC9290543 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural habitats for coastal protection (also known as Nature-Based Solutions or NBS) in place of engineered structures like breakwaters and seawalls can yield a wide range of ecological and economic benefits. Despite these advantages, NBS are not commonly implemented for shoreline protection due to uncertainty over the amount of protection afforded by each unique feature and how protective capacity and ecological benefits are likely to change over time as NBS mature and adapt to changing environmental drivers. Here, we highlight the recent restoration of Swan Island in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA, and the collaborative approach used to evaluate post-construction performance, as a framework for quantitative evaluation of NBS projects. At Swan Island, 60 000 cubic yards of dredged sediment were used to elevate and restore the island's footprint with an emphasis on increasing its protective and ecological benefits and long-term resilience to sea-level rise. Five entities have leveraged resources to quantify the benefits and efficacy of island restoration by conducting pre- and post-restoration monitoring, which supports the development of an integrated, simulation model that includes three "measured" system parameters: wave height, vegetative biomass, and island profile (i.e., elevations). The model will be used to predict island performance under a range of different system scenarios and used to inform adaptive management options. Results will demonstrate the efficacy of leveraging natural and engineered processes to restore island systems while providing a framework for quantifying NBS. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:42-48. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Davis
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Centers for Coastal Ocean ScienceSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Paula Whitfield
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Centers for Coastal Ocean ScienceSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | | | - Becky R. Golden
- Maryland Department of Natural ResourcesAnnapolisMarylandUSA
| | - Matt Whitbeck
- US Fish and Wildlife ServiceChesapeake Marshlands National Wildlife Refuge ComplexCambridgeMarylandUSA
| | - Joe Gailani
- US Army Corps of EngineersEngineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Brook Herman
- US Army Corps of EngineersEngineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Amanda Tritinger
- US Army Corps of EngineersEngineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Sally C. Dillon
- US Army Corps of EngineersEngineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
| | - Jeffrey King
- US Army Corps of EngineersEngineer Research and Development CenterVicksburgMississippiUSA
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26
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Seasonal Dynamics of Bathyarchaeota-Dominated Benthic Archaeal Communities Associated with Seagrass (Zostera japonica) Meadows. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the seasonal dynamic of archaeal communities and their potential ecological functions in temperate seagrass ecosystems. In this study, seasonal changes in diversity, community structure, and potential metabolic functions of benthic archaea in surface sediments of two seagrass meadows along the northern Bohai Sea in China were investigated using Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and Tax4Fun2 functional prediction. Overall, Crenarchaeota (mainly Bathy-15, Bathy-8, and Bathy-6) dominated, followed by Thermoplasmatota, Asgardarchaeota, and Halobacterota, in terms of alpha diversities and relative abundance. Significant seasonal changes in the entire archaeal community structure were observed. The major phyla Methanobacteria, Nitrosopumilales, and genus Methanolobus had higher proportions in spring, while MBG-D and Bathyarchaeota were more abundant in summer and autumn, respectively. Alpha diversities (Shannon and Simpson) were the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn (ANOVA test, p < 0.05). Salinity, total organic carbon, and total organic nitrogen were the most significant factors influencing the entire archaeal community. Higher cellulose and hemicellulose degradation potentials occurred in summer, while methane metabolism potentials were higher in winter. This study indicated that season had strong effects in modulating benthic archaeal diversity and functional potentials in the temperate seagrass ecosystems.
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27
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Assessing Potential Climatic and Human Pressures in Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems Using a Spatial Data-Driven Approach. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems are key for successful global climate change mitigation; however, they are one of the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Thus, this study mapped the climatic and human pressures on the blue carbon ecosystems in Indonesia using multi-source spatial datasets. Data on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color standard mapped images, VIIRS (visible, infrared imaging radiometer suite) boat detection (VBD), global artificial impervious area (GAIA), MODIS surface reflectance (MOD09GA), MODIS land surface temperature (MOD11A2), and MODIS vegetation indices (MOD13A2) were combined using remote sensing and spatial analysis techniques to identify potential stresses. La Niña and El Niño phenomena caused sea surface temperature deviations to reach −0.5 to +1.2 °C. In contrast, chlorophyll-a deviations reached 22,121 to +0.5 mg m−3. Regarding fishing activities, most areas were under exploitation and relatively sustained. Concerning land activities, mangrove deforestation occurred in 560.69 km2 of the area during 2007–2016, as confirmed by a decrease of 84.9% in risk-screening environmental indicators. Overall, the potential pressures on Indonesia’s blue carbon ecosystems are varied geographically. The framework of this study can be efficiently adopted to support coastal and small islands zonation planning, conservation prioritization, and marine fisheries enhancement.
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Aslan A, Rahman AF, Robeson SM, Ilman M. Land-use dynamics associated with mangrove deforestation for aquaculture and the subsequent abandonment of ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148320. [PMID: 34126482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of large area mangrove deforestation, aquaculture pond building, and the subsequent abandonment of ponds in a large delta in Indonesia, namely the Mahakam Delta. So, we developed and applied a novel methodology for exploring the lifespan of aquaculture ponds. Using historical multispectral and radar data, the lifespans of aquaculture ponds across the delta were estimated via a chronological analysis of the landscape into four different states: primary mangroves → deforested mangroves → ponds → abandoned/inactive ponds. Specifically, a combination of sequential classification and rule-based techniques were used to: 1) produce a time series of land cover maps from 1994 to 2015 and 2) quantify lifespans of aquaculture ponds in the delta. Results show that of the 110,000 ha of primary mangrove forests in the delta in 1994, 62% had been deforested by 2015, with a 4.5% annual rate of loss on average. The lifespan of aquaculture ponds in the delta varied between 1 and 22+ years, with most of the ponds having productive lifespans of 10 to 13 years. Ponds with relatively longer lifespans were located near the existing settlements in the delta. This study showed that the productive lifespan of most aquaculture ponds in deforested mangrove lands of Mahakam delta is relatively short, information that should be useful for developing appropriate management plans for the delta or similar coastal mangrove ecosystems. The abandoned ponds can potentially be rehabilitated for shrimp and fish production after applying appropriate restorative treatments or be targeted for mangrove restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Aslan
- PT Hatfield Indonesia, Plaza Harmoni Unit B5-B7, Jl. Siliwangi, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16131, Indonesia; Innovation Center for Tropical Science (ICTS), Sukadamai Green Residence D2 Sukadamai, Tanah Sareal, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16165, Indonesia.
| | - Abdullah F Rahman
- Coastal Studies Lab, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 100 Marine Lab Drive, South Padre Island, TX 78597, USA
| | - Scott M Robeson
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Muhammad Ilman
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara (The Nature Conservancy in Indonesia), Graha Iskandarsyah 3rd Floor, Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No. 66C, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, 12160, Indonesia
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Faber JH, Marshall S, Brown AR, Holt A, van den Brink PJ, Maltby L. Identifying ecological production functions for use in ecosystem services-based environmental risk assessment of chemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:146409. [PMID: 33771395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing research interest in the application of the ecosystem services (ES) concept in the environmental risk assessment of chemicals to support formulating and operationalising regulatory environmental protection goals and making environmental risk assessment more policy- and value-relevant. This requires connecting ecosystem structure and processes to ecosystem function and henceforth to provision of ecosystem goods and services and their economic valuation. Ecological production functions (EPFs) may help to quantify these connections in a transparent manner and to predict ES provision based on function-related descriptors for service providing species, communities, ecosystems or habitats. We review scientific literature for EPFs to evaluate availability across provisioning and regulation and maintenance services (CICES v5.1 classification). We found quantitative production functions for nearly all ES, often complemented with economic valuation of physical or monetary flows. We studied the service providing units in these EPFs to evaluate the potential for extrapolation of toxicity data for test species obtained from standardised testing to ES provision. A broad taxonomic representation of service providers was established, but quantitative models directly linking standard test species to ES provision were extremely scarce. A pragmatic way to deal with this data gap would be the use of proxies for related taxa and stepwise functional extrapolation to ES provision and valuation, which we conclude possible for most ES. We suggest that EPFs may be used in defining specific protection goals (SPGs), and illustrate, using pollination as an example, the availability of information for the ecological entity and attribute dimensions of SPGs. Twenty-five pollination EPFs were compiled from the literature for biological entities ranging from 'colony' to 'habitat', with 75% referring to 'functional group'. With about equal representation of the attributes 'function', 'abundance' and 'diversity', SPGs for pollination therefore would seem best substantiated by EPFs at the level of functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Faber
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - S Marshall
- 6 Prestwick Road, Great Denham, Bedford, UK
| | - A R Brown
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - A Holt
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Natural Capital Solutions Ltd, 1 Lucas Bridge Business Park, Old Greens Norton Road, Towcester, Northants NN12 8AX, UK
| | - P J van den Brink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - L Maltby
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Bird rookery nutrient over-enrichment as a potential accelerant of mangrove cay decline in Belize. Oecologia 2021; 197:771-784. [PMID: 34626271 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Coastal eutrophication is an issue of serious global concern and although nutrient subsidies can enhance primary productivity of coastal wetlands, they can be detrimental to their long-term maintenance. By supplying nutrients to coastal ecosystems at levels comparable to intensive agriculture practices, roosting colonial waterbirds provide a natural experimental design to examine the impacts of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment in these systems. We tested the hypothesis that long-term nutrient enrichment from bird guano deposition is linked to declines in island size, which may subsequently decrease the stability and resilience of mangrove cays in Belize. We combined remote sensing analysis with field- and lab-based measurements of forest structure, sediment nutrients, and porewater nutrients on three pairs of rookery and control cays in northern, central, and southern Belize. Our results indicate that rookery cays are disappearing approximately 13 times faster than cays without seasonal or resident seabird populations. Rookery cays were associated with a significantly higher concentration of nitrogen (N) in mangrove leaves and greater aboveground biomass, suggesting that eutrophication from bird guano contributes to increased aboveground productivity. Sediments of rookery cays also had lower percentages of soil organic matter and total N and carbon (C) than control islands, which suggests that eutrophication accelerates organic matter decomposition resulting in lower total C stocks on rookery cays. Our results indicate that coastal eutrophication can reduce ecosystem stability by contributing to accelerated cay loss, with potential consequences for mangrove resilience to environmental variability under contemporary and future climatic scenarios.
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Chee SY, Firth LB, Then AYH, Yee JC, Mujahid A, Affendi YA, Amir AA, Lau CM, Ooi JLS, Quek YA, Tan CE, Yap TK, Yeap CA, McQuatters-Gollop A. Enhancing Uptake of Nature-Based Solutions for Informing Coastal Sustainable Development Policy and Planning: A Malaysia Case Study. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.708507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have been advocated to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. The uptake of NbS differs regionally with some countries exhibiting greater uptake than others. The success of NbS also differs regionally with varying environmental conditions and social-ecological processes. In many regions, the body of knowledge, particularly around the efficacy of such efforts, remains fragmented. Having an “inventory” or “tool box” of regionally-trialed methods, outcomes and lessons learnt can improve the evidence base, inform adaptive management, and ultimately support the uptake of NbS. Using Malaysia as a case study, we provide a comprehensive overview of trialed and tested NbS efforts that used nature to address societal challenges in marine and coastal environments (here referring to mangroves, seagrass, coral reefs), and detailed these efforts according to their objectives, as well as their anticipated and actual outcomes. The NbS efforts were categorized according to the IUCN NbS approach typology and mapped to provide a spatial overview of IUCN NbS effort types. A total of 229 NbS efforts were collated, representing various levels of implementation success. From the assessment of these efforts, several key actions were identified as a way forward to enhance the uptake of Nature-based Solutions for informing coastal sustainable development policy and planning. These include increasing education, training, and knowledge sharing; rationalizing cooperation across jurisdictions, laws, and regulations; enhancing environmental monitoring; leveraging on existing policies; enabling collaboration and communication; and implementing sustainable finance instruments. These findings can be used to inform the improved application and uptake of NbS, globally.
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Kumar P, Debele SE, Sahani J, Rawat N, Marti-Cardona B, Alfieri SM, Basu B, Basu AS, Bowyer P, Charizopoulos N, Gallotti G, Jaakko J, Leo LS, Loupis M, Menenti M, Mickovski SB, Mun SJ, Gonzalez-Ollauri A, Pfeiffer J, Pilla F, Pröll J, Rutzinger M, Santo MA, Sannigrahi S, Spyrou C, Tuomenvirta H, Zieher T. Nature-based solutions efficiency evaluation against natural hazards: Modelling methods, advantages and limitations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147058. [PMID: 34088074 PMCID: PMC8192688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBS) for hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) reduction and management are becoming increasingly popular, but challenges such as the lack of well-recognised standard methodologies to evaluate their performance and upscale their implementation remain. We systematically evaluate the current state-of-the art on the models and tools that are utilised for the optimum allocation, design and efficiency evaluation of NBS for five HMRs (flooding, droughts, heatwaves, landslides, and storm surges and coastal erosion). We found that methods to assess the complex issue of NBS efficiency and cost-benefits analysis are still in the development stage and they have only been implemented through the methodologies developed for other purposes such as fluid dynamics models in micro and catchment scale contexts. Of the reviewed numerical models and tools MIKE-SHE, SWMM (for floods), ParFlow-TREES, ACRU, SIMGRO (for droughts), WRF, ENVI-met (for heatwaves), FUNWAVE-TVD, BROOK90 (for landslides), TELEMAC and ADCIRC (for storm surges) are more flexible to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of specific NBS such as wetlands, ponds, trees, parks, grass, green roof/walls, tree roots, vegetations, coral reefs, mangroves, sea grasses, oyster reefs, sea salt marshes, sandy beaches and dunes. We conclude that the models and tools that are capable of assessing the multiple benefits, particularly the performance and cost-effectiveness of NBS for HMR reduction and management are not readily available. Thus, our synthesis of modelling methods can facilitate their selection that can maximise opportunities and refute the current political hesitation of NBS deployment compared with grey solutions for HMR management but also for the provision of a wide range of social and economic co-benefits. However, there is still a need for bespoke modelling tools that can holistically assess the various components of NBS from an HMR reduction and management perspective. Such tools can facilitate impact assessment modelling under different NBS scenarios to build a solid evidence base for upscaling and replicating the implementation of NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sisay E Debele
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeetendra Sahani
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Belen Marti-Cardona
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Maria Alfieri
- Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Bidroha Basu
- Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arunima Sarkar Basu
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikos Charizopoulos
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of Mineralogy-Geology, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Region of Sterea Ellada, Kalivion 2, 351 32 Lamia, Greece
| | - Glauco Gallotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juvonen Jaakko
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura S Leo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael Loupis
- Innovative Technologies Center S.A., Alketou Str. 25, 11633 Athens, Greece; National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna 34400, Greece
| | - Massimo Menenti
- Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Slobodan B Mickovski
- The Built Environment Asset Management Research Centre, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Seung-Jae Mun
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Ollauri
- The Built Environment Asset Management Research Centre, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Pfeiffer
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Pilla
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julius Pröll
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rutzinger
- Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Antonio Santo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Srikanta Sannigrahi
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christos Spyrou
- Innovative Technologies Center S.A., Alketou Str. 25, 11633 Athens, Greece; Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing (IAASARS), National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Heikki Tuomenvirta
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Zieher
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
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Carlson RR, Evans LJ, Foo SA, Grady BW, Li J, Seeley M, Xu Y, Asner GP. Synergistic benefits of conserving land-sea ecosystems. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Lugendo BR, Kimirei IA. Anthropogenic nitrogen pollution in mangrove ecosystems along Dar es Salaam and Bagamoyo coasts in Tanzania. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112415. [PMID: 33930646 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are among the most productive coastal ecosystems; however, they are prone to anthropogenic pollution due to their land-sea interface position. We used stable nitrogen isotopes and spectrophotometric nitrate analysis to study the anthropogenic pollution in five mangrove ecosystems in Tanzania, including two polluted (Mzinga and Kizinga), one moderate (Kunduchi) and non-polluted (Mbegani and Ras Dege) sites. Also, we tested the suitability of mangrove leaves, roots, sediment, and gastropod as indicators of anthropogenic nitrogen pollution using stable δ15N isotope analysis. Results revealed higher than 10‰ δ15N values in all analysed components and the highest nitrate concentrations of 16.44 mg L-1 in the interstitial waters at the polluted sites, indicating anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. The δ15N enrichment increased in the order: non-polluted < moderate < polluted. The polluted sites are fed by freshwater creeks and probably receive high loads of domestic sewage from the surrounding communities, industries, and agricultural effluents. Therefore, to protect mangrove ecosystems, proper waste and wastewater management upstream are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandina R Lugendo
- School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology (SoAF), University of Dar es Salaam P. O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ismael A Kimirei
- School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology (SoAF), University of Dar es Salaam P. O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 9750, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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35
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Soares M, Campos C, Carneiro P, Barroso H, Marins R, Teixeira C, Menezes M, Pinheiro L, Viana M, Feitosa C, Sánchez-Botero J, Bezerra L, Rocha-Barreira C, Matthews-Cascon H, Matos F, Gorayeb A, Cavalcante M, Moro M, Rossi S, Belmonte G, Melo V, Rosado A, Ramires G, Tavares T, Garcia T. Challenges and perspectives for the Brazilian semi-arid coast under global environmental changes. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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36
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Woodhead AJ, Graham NAJ, Robinson JPW, Norström AV, Bodin N, Marie S, Balett M, Hicks CC. Fishers perceptions of ecosystem service change associated with climate‐disturbed coral reefs. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Woodhead
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity University of York York UK
- Department of Environment and Geography University of York York UK
| | | | | | - Albert V. Norström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Global Resilience Partnership Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Seychelles Fishing Authority Victoria Seychelles
- Sustainable Ocean Seychelles BeauBelle Seychelles
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37
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Nguyen HM, Ralph PJ, Marín-Guirao L, Pernice M, Procaccini G. Seagrasses in an era of ocean warming: a review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2009-2030. [PMID: 34014018 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seagrasses are valuable sources of food and habitat for marine life and are one of Earth's most efficient carbon sinks. However, they are facing a global decline due to ocean warming and eutrophication. In the last decade, with the advent of new technology and molecular advances, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies focusing on the effects of ocean warming on seagrasses. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the future of seagrasses in an era of ocean warming. We have gathered information from published studies to identify potential commonalities in the effects of warming and the responses of seagrasses across four distinct levels: molecular, biochemical/physiological, morphological/population, and ecosystem/planetary. To date, we know that although warming strongly affects seagrasses at all four levels, seagrass responses diverge amongst species, populations, and over depths. Furthermore, warming alters seagrass distribution causing massive die-offs in some seagrass populations, whilst also causing tropicalization and migration of temperate species. In this review, we evaluate the combined effects of ocean warming with other environmental stressors and emphasize the need for multiple-stressor studies to provide a deeper understanding of seagrass resilience. We conclude by discussing the most significant knowledge gaps and future directions for seagrass research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Manh Nguyen
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, 80121, Italy
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, 80121, Italy.,Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C/Varadero, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, 30740, Spain
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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38
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Kelly JB, Carlson DE, Low JS, Rice T, Thacker RW. The Relationship Between Microbiomes and Selective Regimes in the Sponge Genus Ircinia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:607289. [PMID: 33776953 PMCID: PMC7990798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.607289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are often densely populated by microbes that benefit their hosts through nutrition and bioactive secondary metabolites; however, sponges must simultaneously contend with the toxicity of microbes and thwart microbial overgrowth. Despite these fundamental tenets of sponge biology, the patterns of selection in the host sponges' genomes that underlie tolerance and control of their microbiomes are still poorly understood. To elucidate these patterns of selection, we performed a population genetic analysis on multiple species of Ircinia from Belize, Florida, and Panama using an F ST -outlier approach on transcriptome-annotated RADseq loci. As part of the analysis, we delimited species boundaries among seven growth forms of Ircinia. Our analyses identified balancing selection in immunity genes that have implications for the hosts' tolerance of high densities of microbes. Additionally, our results support the hypothesis that each of the seven growth forms constitutes a distinct Ircinia species that is characterized by a unique microbiome. These results illuminate the evolutionary pathways that promote stable associations between host sponges and their microbiomes, and that potentially facilitate ecological divergence among Ircinia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Limnological Institute University Konstanz, Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David E. Carlson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jun Siong Low
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tyler Rice
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robert W. Thacker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
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39
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Dutra LXC, Haywood MDE, Singh S, Ferreira M, Johnson JE, Veitayaki J, Kininmonth S, Morris CW, Piovano S. Synergies between local and climate-driven impacts on coral reefs in the Tropical Pacific: A review of issues and adaptation opportunities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111922. [PMID: 33632532 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs in the tropical Pacific region are exposed to a range of anthropogenic local pressures. Climate change is exacerbating local impacts, causing unprecedented declines in coral reef habitats and bringing negative socio-economic consequences to Pacific communities who depend heavily on coral reefs for food, income and livelihoods. Continued increases in greenhouse gas emissions will drive future climate change, which will accelerate coral reef degradation. Traditional systems of resource governance in Pacific island nations provide a foundation to address local pressures and build reef resilience to climate change. Management and adaptation options should build on the regional diversity of governance systems and traditional knowledge to support community-based initiatives and cross-sectoral cooperation to address local pressures and minimize climate change impacts. Such an inclusive approach will offer enhanced opportunities to develop and implement transformative adaptation solutions, particularly in remote and regional areas where centralized management does not extend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo X C Dutra
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Business Unit, Queensland BioSciences Precinct, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji.
| | - Michael D E Haywood
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Business Unit, Queensland BioSciences Precinct, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shubha Singh
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Marta Ferreira
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Johanna E Johnson
- C(2)O Pacific, Vanuatu & Australia; College of Marine & Environmental Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia.
| | - Joeli Veitayaki
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; The University of the South Pacific, Alafua Campus, Private Bag, Apia, Samoa
| | - Stuart Kininmonth
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; Centre for Ecology and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cherrie W Morris
- Institute of Marine Resources, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
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40
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Characterization of SDGs towards Coastal Management: Sustainability Performance and Cross-Linking Consequences. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and associated targets focus on a wide range of global issues and can be useful in coastal challenges such as climate change and green economic growth. The aim of this study is to tailor the SDGs, as a universally recognized policy framework, to assess the sustainability performance for coastal flood protection management to enhance climate-resilient and adaptable coastal development. To operationalize this aim, the SDG Sustainability Impact Score (SDG-SIS) framework was developed. Based on system functionalities for the land–sea interface, 38 SDGs were identified in the SDG-SIS framework. Given the availability of public numeric data, only 12 SDG targets are connected with Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The SDG-SIS framework was applied to two different sets of cases, including five coastline and five sand nourishment cases. This study shows that the geographical and socioeconomic characteristics of the two sets of cases should be considered in the selection of system functionalities as well as the consideration of SDG targets. Moreover, cross-linking cumulative consequences of SIS do not directly indicate the level of sustainability, but the individual SDG target data are essential to reveal the underlying details. This stresses the importance of prioritizing SDGs to serve as leverage for policymakers to optimize the climate resilience and adaptation of coastal management. The SDG-SIS framework enables the support of coastal policy by addressing long-term measures and providing a sustainable vision for future implementation.
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41
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Brodie G, Holland E, N'Yeurt ADR, Soapi K, Hills J. Seagrasses and seagrass habitats in Pacific small island developing states: Potential loss of benefits via human disturbance and climate change. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111573. [PMID: 32916440 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses provide a wide range of services including food provision, water purification and coastal protection. Pacific small island developing states (PSIDS) have limited natural resources, challenging economies and a need for marine science research. Seagrasses occur in eleven PSIDS and nations are likely to benefit in different ways depending on habitat health, habitat cover and location, and species presence. Globally seagrass habitats are declining as a result of anthropogenic impacts including climate change and in PSIDS pressure on already stressed coastal ecosystems, will likely threaten seagrass survival particularly close to expanding urban settlements. Improved coastal and urban planning at local, national and regional scales is needed to reduce human impacts on vulnerable coastal areas. Research is required to generate knowledge-based solutions to support effective coastal management and protection of the existing seagrass habitats, including strenghened documentation the socio-economic and environmental services they provide. For PSIDS, protection of seagrass service benefits requires six priority actions: seagrass habitat mapping, regulation of coastal and upstream development, identification of specific threats at vulnerable locations, a critique of cost-effective restoration options, research devoted to seagrass studies and more explicit policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilianne Brodie
- Institute of Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
| | - Elisabeth Holland
- School of Marine Studies, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji; Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Katy Soapi
- Research Office, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | - Jeremy Hills
- Research Office, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
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42
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Thorhaug A, Gallagher JB, Kiswara W, Prathep A, Huang X, Yap TK, Dorward S, Berlyn G. Coastal and estuarine blue carbon stocks in the greater Southeast Asia region: Seagrasses and mangroves per nation and sum of total. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111168. [PMID: 33181914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate Change solutions include CO2 extraction from atmosphere and water with burial by living habitats in sediment/soil. Nowhere on the planet are blue carbon plants which carry out massive carbon extraction and permanent burial more intensely concentrated than in SE Asia. For the first time we make a national and total inventory of data to date for "blue carbon" buried from mangroves and seagrass and delineate the constraints. For an area across Southeast Asia of approximately 12,000,000 km2, supporting mangrove forests (5,116,032 ha) and seagrass meadows (6,744,529 ha), we analyzed the region's current blue carbon stocks. This estimate was achieved by integrating the sum of estuarine in situ carbon stock measurements with the extent of mangroves and seagrass across each nation, then summed for the region. We found that mangroves ecosystems regionally supported the greater amount of organic carbon (3095.19Tg Corg in 1st meter) over that of seagrass (1683.97 Tg Corg in 1st meter), with corresponding stock densities ranging from 15 to 2205 Mg ha-1 and 31.3 to 2450 Mg ha-1 respectively, a likely underestimate for entire carbon including sediment depths. The largest carbon stocks are found within Indonesia, followed by the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Tropical China, Viet-Nam, and Cambodia. Compared to the blue carbon hotspot of tropical/subtropical Gulf of Mexico's total carbon stock (480.48 Tg Corg), Southeast Asia's greater mangrove-seagrass stock density appears a more intense Blue Carbon hotspot (4778.66 Tg Corg). All regional Southeast Asian nation states should assist in superior preservation and habitat restoration plus similar measures in the USA & Mexico for the Gulf of Mexico, as apparently these form two of the largest tropical carbon sinks within coastal waters. We hypothesize it is SE Asia's regionally unique oceanic-geologic conditions, placed squarely within the tropics, which are largely responsible for this blue carbon hotspot, that is, consistently high ambient light levels and year-long warm temperatures, together with consistently strong inflow of dissolved carbon dioxide and upwelling of nutrients across the shallow geological plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thorhaug
- Yale University School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT 00651, USA.
| | - John Barry Gallagher
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, Australia.
| | - W Kiswara
- Division of Earth Sciences, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anchana Prathep
- Seaweed and Seagrass Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou, China
| | - Tzuen-Kiat Yap
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | - Graeme Berlyn
- Yale University School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT 00651, USA
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43
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Jones BL, Unsworth RKF. The perverse fisheries consequences of mosquito net malaria prophylaxis in East Africa. AMBIO 2020; 49:1257-1267. [PMID: 31709492 PMCID: PMC7190679 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a serious global health issue, with around 200 million cases per year. As such, great effort has been put into the mass distribution of bed nets as a means of prophylaxis within Africa. Distributed mosquito nets are intended to be used for malaria protection, yet increasing evidence suggests that fishing is a primary use for these nets, providing fresh concerns for already stressed coastal ecosystems. While research documents the scale of mosquito net fisheries globally, no quantitative analysis of their landings exists. The effects of these fisheries on the wider ecosystem assemblages have not previously been examined. In this study, we present the first detailed analysis of the sustainability of these fisheries by examining the diversity, age class, trophic structure and magnitude of biomass removal. Dragnet landings, one of two gear types in which mosquito nets can be utilised, were recorded across ten sites in northern Mozambique where the use of Mosquito nets for fishing is common. Our results indicate a substantial removal of juveniles from coastal seagrass meadows, many of which are commercially important in the region or play important ecological roles. We conclude that the use of mosquito nets for fishing may contribute to food insecurity, greater poverty and the loss of ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Jones
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Project Seagrass, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
| | - Richard K. F. Unsworth
- Project Seagrass, 33 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BA UK
- Seagrass Ecosystem Research Group, College of Science, Swansea University, Wallace Building, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
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44
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Brodie G, Brodie J, Maata M, Peter M, Otiawa T, Devlin MJ. Seagrass habitat in Tarawa Lagoon, Kiribati: Service benefits and links to national priority issues. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111099. [PMID: 32469758 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review around seagrass habitat in Tarawa Lagoon, Kiribati and explores the links between seagrass occurrence and the national priority issues of climate change, urban development, human health, nearshore fisheries, threatened species, ocean policy, research capacity and awareness. The contribution of healthy seagrass habitats to many aspects of these national issues is often overlooked and there is need to establish the knowledge gaps and priority actions that can enable mitigation of issues that impact on valuable seagrass resources and their management. Research data on seagrass habitats in Kiribati, and the wider Pacific Island region, is limited and this hinders informed decisions at local, national and regional levels. We present a comprehensive review on seagrass within a national context to aid prioritisation and uptake of information for resource owners, and wider stakeholders, in Kiribati while acknowledging local expertise. The paper highlights data and knowledge gaps that if addressed, will provide information useful to Kiribati nationals, communities and government stakeholders. Recommendations for actions that fill these gaps and build understanding of seagrass resources in Kiribati are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brodie
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Fiji; School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Fiji.
| | - J Brodie
- Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia
| | - M Maata
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Fiji
| | - M Peter
- School of Marine Studies, University of the South Pacific, Fiji
| | - T Otiawa
- Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, University of the South Pacific, Fiji
| | - M J Devlin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, United Kingdom
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45
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Jones HP, Nickel B, Srebotnjak T, Turner W, Gonzalez-Roglich M, Zavaleta E, Hole DG. Global hotspots for coastal ecosystem-based adaptation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233005. [PMID: 32469978 PMCID: PMC7259744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helping the world's coastal communities adapt to climate change impacts requires evaluating the vulnerability of coastal communities and assessing adaptation options. This includes understanding the potential for 'natural' infrastructure (ecosystems and the biodiversity that underpins them) to reduce communities' vulnerability, alongside more traditional 'hard' infrastructure approaches. Here we present a spatially explicit global evaluation of the vulnerability of coastal-dwelling human populations to key climate change exposures and explore the potential for coastal ecosystems to help people adapt to climate change (ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA)). We find that mangroves and coral reefs are particularly well situated to help people cope with current weather extremes, a function that will only increase in importance as people adapt to climate change now and in coming decades. We find that around 30.9 million people living within 2km of the coast are highly vulnerable to tropical storms and sea-level rise (SLR). Mangroves and coral reefs overlap these threats to at least 5.3 and 3.4 million people, respectively, with substantial potential to dissipate storm surges and improve resilience against SLR effects. Significant co-benefits from mangroves also accrue, with 896 million metric tons of carbon stored in their soils and above- and below-ground biomass. Our framework offers a tool for prioritizing 'hotspots' of coastal EbA potential for further, national and local analyses to quantify risk reduction and, thereby, guide investment in coastal ecosystems to help people adapt to climate change. In doing so, it underscores the global role that conserving and restoring ecosystems can play in protecting human lives and livelihoods, as well as biodiversity, in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly P. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Barry Nickel
- Environmental Studies Department, Center for Integrated Spatial Research, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Tanja Srebotnjak
- Hixon Center for Sustainable Environmental Design, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Will Turner
- Global Strategy Division, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mariano Gonzalez-Roglich
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Erika Zavaleta
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - David G. Hole
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
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46
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Chaplin-Kramer R, Sharp RP, Weil C, Bennett EM, Pascual U, Arkema KK, Brauman KA, Bryant BP, Guerry AD, Haddad NM, Hamann M, Hamel P, Johnson JA, Mandle L, Pereira HM, Polasky S, Ruckelshaus M, Shaw MR, Silver JM, Vogl AL, Daily GC. Global modeling of nature's contributions to people. Science 2020; 366:255-258. [PMID: 31601772 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and pace of global change demand rapid assessment of nature and its contributions to people. We present a fine-scale global modeling of current status and future scenarios for several contributions: water quality regulation, coastal risk reduction, and crop pollination. We find that where people's needs for nature are now greatest, nature's ability to meet those needs is declining. Up to 5 billion people face higher water pollution and insufficient pollination for nutrition under future scenarios of land use and climate change, particularly in Africa and South Asia. Hundreds of millions of people face heightened coastal risk across Africa, Eurasia, and the Americas. Continued loss of nature poses severe threats, yet these can be reduced 3- to 10-fold under a sustainable development scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Richard P Sharp
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charlotte Weil
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena M Bennett
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Unai Pascual
- Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.,Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katie K Arkema
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kate A Brauman
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Benjamin P Bryant
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Water in the West, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne D Guerry
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nick M Haddad
- Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Maike Hamann
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Perrine Hamel
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin A Johnson
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lisa Mandle
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany.,CIBIO (Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources)-InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mary Ruckelshaus
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jessica M Silver
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adrian L Vogl
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gretchen C Daily
- Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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47
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Methane Emissions from Subtropical and Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems in Taiwan. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves are one of the blue carbon ecosystems. However, greenhouse gas emissions from mangrove soils may reduce the capacity of carbon storage in these systems. In this study, methane (CH4) fluxes and soil properties of the top 10 cm layer were determined in subtropical (Kandelia obovata) and tropical (Avicennia marina) mangrove ecosystems of Taiwan for a complete seasonal cycle. Our results demonstrate that CH4 emissions in mangroves cannot be neglected when constructing the carbon budgets and estimating the carbon storage capacity. CH4 fluxes were significantly higher in summer than in winter in the Avicennia mangroves. However, no seasonal variation in CH4 flux was observed in the Kandelia mangroves. CH4 fluxes were significantly higher in the mangrove soils of Avicennia than in the adjoining mudflats; this trend, however, was not necessarily recapitulated at Kandelia. The results of multiple regression analyses show that soil water and organic matter content were the main factors regulating the CH4 fluxes in the Kandelia mangroves. However, none of the soil parameters assessed show a significant influence on the CH4 fluxes in the Avicennia mangroves. Since pneumatophores can transport CH4 from anaerobic deep soils, this study suggests that the pneumatophores of Avicennia marina played a more important role than soil properties in affecting soil CH4 fluxes. Our results show that different mangrove tree species and related root structures may affect greenhouse gas emissions from the soils.
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Friedman WR, Halpern BS, McLeod E, Beck MW, Duarte CM, Kappel CV, Levine A, Sluka RD, Adler S, O’Hara CC, Sterling EJ, Tapia-Lewin S, Losada IJ, McClanahan TR, Pendleton L, Spring M, Toomey JP, Weiss KR, Possingham HP, Montambault JR. Research Priorities for Achieving Healthy Marine Ecosystems and Human Communities in a Changing Climate. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 7. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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49
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Weber L, González‐Díaz P, Armenteros M, Ferrer VM, Bretos F, Bartels E, Santoro AE, Apprill A. Microbial signatures of protected and impacted Northern Caribbean reefs: changes from Cuba to the Florida Keys. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:499-519. [PMID: 31743949 PMCID: PMC6972988 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are a few baseline reef-systems available for understanding the microbiology of healthy coral reefs and their surrounding seawater. Here, we examined the seawater microbial ecology of 25 Northern Caribbean reefs varying in human impact and protection in Cuba and the Florida Keys, USA, by measuring nutrient concentrations, microbial abundances, and respiration rates as well as sequencing bacterial and archaeal amplicons and community functional genes. Overall, seawater microbial composition and biogeochemistry were influenced by reef location and hydrogeography. Seawater from the highly protected 'crown jewel' offshore reefs in Jardines de la Reina, Cuba had low concentrations of nutrients and organic carbon, abundant Prochlorococcus, and high microbial community alpha diversity. Seawater from the less protected system of Los Canarreos, Cuba had elevated microbial community beta-diversity whereas waters from the most impacted nearshore reefs in the Florida Keys contained high organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and potential microbial functions characteristic of microbialized reefs. Each reef system had distinct microbial signatures and within this context, we propose that the protection and offshore nature of Jardines de la Reina may preserve the oligotrophic paradigm and the metabolic dependence of the community on primary production by picocyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weber
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
- MIT‐WHOI Joint PhD Program in Biological OceanographyCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Maickel Armenteros
- Centro de Investigaciones MarinasUniversidad de La HabanaHabanaCuba
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y LimnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad MéxicoMexico
| | - Víctor M. Ferrer
- Centro de Investigaciones MarinasUniversidad de La HabanaHabanaCuba
| | | | | | - Alyson E. Santoro
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Amy Apprill
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
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Sánchez-Quinto A, Costa JCD, Zamboni NS, Sanches FHC, Principe SC, Viotto EV, Casagranda E, Veiga-Lima FAD, Possamai B, Faroni-Perez L. Development of a conceptual framework for the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Mexican Caribbean. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Coral reefs and mangroves support rich biodiversity and provide ecosystem services that range from food, recreational benefits and coastal protection services, among others. They are one of the most threatened ecosystems by urbanization processes. In this context, we developed a conceptual framework for the management of biodiversity and ecosystem services for these coastal environments. We based our workflow on two sections: “Information base” and “Governance” and use the Puerto Morelos Coastal region as a case study for coastal protection. Puerto Morelos is between two of the most touristic destinations of Mexico (Playa del Carmen and Cancun) that has experienced an increase of population in the past four decades resulting in an intensification of multiple threats to its ecosystems. We characterized the two ecosystems with a “Management Units” strategy. An expert-based ecosystem services matrix was also described in order to connect mangroves and coral reef ecosystems with the multiple beneficiaries. Then an ecosystem model (conceptual model and Global Biodiversity model) was developed. The conceptual model was useful in understanding the interplay processes between systems regarding the ecosystem service of “Coastal Protection”. The Global Biodiversity model evidenced the human-induced shifts in the biodiversity for mangrove and coral reefs ecosystems. Also, a projection for 2035 of “best” and “worst” scenarios was applied using GLOBIO3. A DPSIR conceptual framework was used to analyze environmental problems regarding ecosystem services maintenance. Finally, we evaluated a set of policies associated with these ecosystems that favor coastal protection integrity. This framework facilitates the identification of the most relevant processes and controls about the provision of coastal protection service. It can also be useful to better target management actions and as a tool to identify future management needs to tackle the challenges preventing more effective conservation of coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Evangelina V. Viotto
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Transferencia Tecnológica a la Producción, Argentina
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