1
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Rodriguez-Carlos A, Raúl A, Jacobo-Delgado YM, Serrano CJ, Santos-Mena A, De Jesus-Gonzalez LA, Boix E, Rivas-Santiago B. Drug repositioning identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors that promote innate immunity in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. Can J Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38855942 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available. Herein, we report that molecules for binding to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibit its activity, thus increasing the innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria. The action of HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) was explored in a model of type II pneumocytes and macrophages infection by Mycobacterium aurum. The results show that the use of 1,3-diphenylurea increases the expression of the TLR-4 in M. aurum infected MDMs, as well as the production of defb4, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6. Moreover, we observed that aminoacetanilide upregulates the expression of TLR-4 together with TLR-9, defb4, CAMP, RNase 6, RNase 7, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6 in T2P. Results conclude that the tested iHDACs selectively modulate the expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides that are associated with reduction of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rodriguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Anguita Raúl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Judith Serrano
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Alan Santos-Mena
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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2
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Ran F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Guo H, Li J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Bi L. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of phagocytes reveals a ceRNA network contributing to natural resistance to tuberculosis infection. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106681. [PMID: 38754565 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major fatal infectious disease globally, exhibiting high morbidity rates and impacting public health and other socio-economic factors. However, some individuals are resistant to TB infection and are referred to as "Resisters". Resisters remain uninfected even after exposure to high load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). To delineate this further, this study aimed to investigate the factors and mechanisms influencing the Mtb resistance phenotype. We assayed the phagocytic capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from Resisters, patients with latent TB infection (LTBI), and patients with active TB (ATB), following infection with fluorescent Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Phagocytosis was stronger in PBMCs from ATB patients, and comparable in LTBI patients and Resisters. Subsequently, phagocytes were isolated and subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing and small RNA sequencing to analyze transcriptional expression profiles and identify potential targets associated with the resistance phenotype. The results revealed that a total of 277 mRNAs, 589 long non-coding RNAs, 523 circular RNAs, and 35 microRNAs were differentially expressed in Resisters and LTBI patients. Further, the endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed from differentially expressed genes after screening. Bioinformatics, statistical analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for the identification and validation of potential crucial targets in the ceRNA network. As a result, we obtained a ceRNA network that contributes to the resistance phenotype. TCONS_00034796-F3, ENST00000629441-DDX43, hsa-ATAD3A_0003-CYP17A1, and XR_932996.2-CERS1 may be crucial association pairs for resistance to TB infection. Overall, this study demonstrated that the phagocytic capacity of PBMCs was not a determinant of the resistance phenotype and that some non-coding RNAs could be involved in the natural resistance to TB infection through a ceRNA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Ran
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yaguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; TB Healthcare Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Guoqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- TB Healthcare Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Zhilong Wu
- Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Lijun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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3
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Dill-McFarland KA, Simmons JD, Peterson GJ, Nguyen FK, Campo M, Benchek P, Stein CM, Vaisar T, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH, Hawn TR. Epigenetic programming of host lipid metabolism associates with resistance to TST/IGRA conversion after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582348. [PMID: 38464296 PMCID: PMC10925331 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure leads to a range of outcomes including clearance, latent TB infection (LTBI), and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Some heavily exposed individuals resist tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) conversion (RSTR), which suggests that they employ IFNγ-independent mechanisms of Mtb control. Here, we compare monocyte epigenetic profiles of RSTR and LTBI from a Ugandan household contact cohort. Chromatin accessibility did not differ between uninfected RSTR and LTBI monocytes. In contrast, methylation significantly differed at 174 CpG sites and across 63 genomic regions. Consistent with previous transcriptional findings in this cohort, differential methylation was enriched in lipid and cholesterol associated pathways including in the genes APOC3, KCNQ1, and PLA2G3. In addition, methylation was enriched in Hippo signaling, which is associated with cholesterol homeostasis and includes CIT and SHANK2. Lipid export and Hippo signaling pathways were also associated with gene expression in response to Mtb in RSTR as well as IFN stimulation in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from an independent healthy donor cohort. Moreover, serum-derived HDL from RSTR had elevated ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) compared to LTBI. Our findings suggest that resistance to TST/IGRA conversion is linked to regulation of lipid accumulation in monocytes, which could facilitate early Mtb clearance among RSTR subjects through IFNγ-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason D Simmons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Felicia K Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monica Campo
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Jalbert E, Liu C, Mave V, Lang N, Kagal A, Valvi C, Paradkar M, Gupte N, Lokhande R, Bharadwaj R, Kulkarni V, Gupta A, Weinberg A. Comparative immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in people with latent infection or sterilizing protection. iScience 2023; 26:107425. [PMID: 37564701 PMCID: PMC10410524 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great need for vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) more efficacious than the licensed BCG. Our goal was to identify new vaccine benchmarks by identifying immune responses that distinguish individuals able to eradicate the infection (TB-resisters) from individuals with latent infection (LTBI-participants). TB-resisters had higher frequencies of circulating CD8+ glucose monomycolate (GMM)+ Granzyme-B+ T cells than LTBI-participants and higher proportions of polyfunctional conventional and nonconventional T cells expressing Granzyme-B and/or PD-1 after ex vivo M. tuberculosis stimulation of blood mononuclear cells. LTBI-participants had higher expression of activation markers and cytokines, including IL10, and IFNγ. An exploratory analysis of BCG-recipients with minimal exposure to TB showed absence of CD8+GMM+Granzyme-B+ T cells, lower or equal proportions of Granzyme-B+PD-1+ polyfunctional T cells than TB-resisters and higher or equal than LTBI-participants. In conclusion, high Granzyme-B+PD-1+ T cell responses to M. tuberculosis and, possibly, of CD8+GMM+Granzyme-B+ T cells may be desirable for new TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Jalbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cuining Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vidya Mave
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anju Kagal
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chhaya Valvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mandar Paradkar
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupte
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Lokhande
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Kulkarni
- Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College- Johns Hopkins University Clinical Research Site (BJGMC-JHU CRS), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amita Gupta
- Johns Hopkins Center for Infectious Diseases in India, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- School of Medicine, Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kroon EE, Correa-Macedo W, Evans R, Seeger A, Engelbrecht L, Kriel JA, Loos B, Okugbeni N, Orlova M, Cassart P, Kinnear CJ, Tromp GC, Möller M, Wilkinson RJ, Coussens AK, Schurr E, Hoal EG. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and gene programs distinguish TST/IGRA sensitization outcomes among Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed persons living with HIV. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010888. [PMID: 37616312 PMCID: PMC10470897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB). After prolonged and repeated exposure, some PLWH never develop TB and show no evidence of immune sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as defined by persistently negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA). This group has been identified and defined as HIV+ persistently TB, tuberculin and IGRA negative (HITTIN). To investigate potential innate mechanisms unique to individuals with the HITTIN phenotype we compared their neutrophil Mtb infection response to that of PLWH, with no TB history, but who test persistently IGRA positive, and tuberculin positive (HIT). Neutrophil samples from 17 HITTIN (PMNHITTIN) and 11 HIT (PMNHIT) were isolated and infected with Mtb H37Rv for 1h and 6h. RNA was extracted and used for RNAseq analysis. Since there was no significant differential transcriptional response at 1h between infected PMNHITTIN and PMNHIT, we focused on the 6h timepoint. When compared to uninfected PMN, PMNHITTIN displayed 3106 significantly upregulated and 3548 significantly downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (absolute cutoff of a log2FC of 0.2, FDR < 0.05) whereas PMNHIT demonstrated 3816 significantly upregulated and 3794 significantly downregulated DEGs following 6h Mtb infection. Contrasting the log2FC 6h infection response to Mtb from PMNHITTIN against PMNHIT, 2285 genes showed significant differential response between the two groups. Overall PMNHITTIN had a lower fold change response to Mtb infection compared to PMNHIT. According to pathway enrichment, Apoptosis and NETosis were differentially regulated between HITTIN and HIT PMN responses after 6h Mtb infection. To corroborate the blunted NETosis transcriptional response measured among HITTIN, fluorescence microscopy revealed relatively lower neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cell loss in PMNHITTIN compared to PMNHIT, showing that PMNHITTIN have a distinct response to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elouise E. Kroon
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rachel Evans
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department Medical Biology (WEHI), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Allison Seeger
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lize Engelbrecht
- Central Analytical Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jurgen A. Kriel
- Central Analytical Facilities, Microscopy Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Naomi Okugbeni
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Platform, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pauline Cassart
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Genomics Platform, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Gerard C. Tromp
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC-SHIP South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative (SATBBI), Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Coussens
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department Medical Biology (WEHI), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Davies LRL, Smith MT, Cizmeci D, Fischinger S, Shih-Lu Lee J, Lu LL, Layton ED, Grant AD, Fielding K, Stein CM, Boom WH, Hawn TR, Fortune SM, Wallis RS, Churchyard GJ, Alter G, Seshadri C. IFN-γ independent markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure among male South African gold miners. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104678. [PMID: 37379655 PMCID: PMC10320233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of tuberculosis among men who work in the gold mines of South Africa is among the highest in the world, but a fraction of miners demonstrate consistently negative results upon tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). We hypothesized that these "resisters" (RSTRs) may display unconventional immune signatures of exposure to M. tuberculosis (M.tb). METHODS In a cohort of RSTRs and matched controls with latent TB infection (LTBI), we profiled the functional breadth of M.tb antigen-specific T cell and antibody responses using multi-parameter flow cytometry and systems serology, respectively. FINDINGS RSTRs and LTBI controls both exhibited IFN-γ independent T-cell and IgG antibody responses to M.tb-specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Antigen-specific antibody Fc galactosylation and sialylation were higher among RSTRs. In a combined T-cell and antibody analysis, M.tb lysate-stimulated TNF secretion by T cells correlated positively with levels of purified protein derivative-specific IgG. A multivariate model of the combined data was able to differentiate RSTR and LTBI subjects. INTERPRETATION IFN-γ independent immune signatures of exposure to M.tb, which are not detected by approved clinical diagnostics, are readily detectable in an occupational cohort uniquely characterized by intense and long-term infection pressure. Further, TNF may mediate a coordinated response between M.tb-specific T-cells and B-cells. FUNDING This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (R01-AI124348 to Boom, Stein, and Hawn; R01-AI125189 and R01-AI146072 to Seshadri; and 75N93019C00071 to Fortune, Alter, Seshadri, and Boom), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Davies), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151836 and OPP1109001 to Hawn; and OPP1151840 to Alter), Mass Life Science Foundation (Fortune), and Good Ventures Fund (Fortune).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lenette L Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik D Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison D Grant
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Wallis
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa
| | - Gavin J Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Tuberculosis Research Advancement Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Stein CM. Genetic epidemiology of resistance to M. tuberculosis Infection: importance of study design and recent findings. Genes Immun 2023:10.1038/s41435-023-00204-z. [PMID: 37085579 PMCID: PMC10121418 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to M. tuberculosis, often referred to as "RSTR" in the literature, is being increasingly studied because of its potential relevance as a clinical outcome in vaccine studies. This review starts by addressing the importance of epidemiological characterization of this phenotype, and ongoing challenges in that characterization. Then, this review summarizes the extant genetic and genomic studies of this phenotype, including heritability studies, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies, as well as whole transcriptome studies. Findings from recent studies that used longitudinal characterization of the RSTR phenotype are compared to those using a cross-sectional definition, and the challenges of using tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay are discussed. Finally, future directions are proposed. Since this is a rapidly evolving area of public health significance, this review will help frame future research questions and study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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8
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McHenry ML, Simmons J, Hong H, Malone LL, Mayanja-Kizza H, Bush WS, Boom WH, Hawn TR, Williams SM, Stein CM. Tuberculosis severity associates with variants and eQTLs related to vascular biology and infection-induced inflammation. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010387. [PMID: 36972313 PMCID: PMC10079228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem globally, even compared to COVID-19. Genome-wide studies have failed to discover genes that explain a large proportion of genetic risk for adult pulmonary TB, and even fewer have examined genetic factors underlying TB severity, an intermediate trait impacting disease experience, quality of life, and risk of mortality. No prior severity analyses used a genome-wide approach.
Methods and findings
As part of our ongoing household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TB severity measured by TBScore, in two independent cohorts of culture-confirmed adult TB cases (n = 149 and n = 179). We identified 3 SNPs (P<1.0 x 10–7) including one on chromosome 5, rs1848553, that was GWAS significant (meta-analysis p = 2.97x10-8). All three SNPs are in introns of RGS7BP and have effect sizes corresponding to clinically meaningful reductions in disease severity. RGS7BP is highly expressed in blood vessels and plays a role in infectious disease pathogenesis. Other genes with suggestive associations defined gene sets involved in platelet homeostasis and transport of organic anions. To explore functional implications of the TB severity-associated variants, we conducted eQTL analyses using expression data from Mtb-stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages. A single variant (rs2976562) associated with monocyte SLA expression (p = 0.03) and subsequent analyses indicated that SLA downregulation following MTB stimulation associated with increased TB severity. Src Like Adaptor (SLAP-1), encoded by SLA, is highly expressed in immune cells and negatively regulates T cell receptor signaling, providing a potential mechanistic link to TB severity.
Conclusions
These analyses reveal new insights into the genetics of TB severity with regulation of platelet homeostasis and vascular biology being central to consequences for active TB patients. This analysis also reveals genes that regulate inflammation can lead to differences in severity. Our findings provide an important step in improving TB patient outcomes.
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9
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Tripathi D, Devalraju KP, Neela VSK, Mukherjee T, Paidipally P, Radhakrishnan RK, Dozmorov I, Vankayalapati A, Ansari MS, Mallidi V, Bogam AK, Singh KP, Samten B, Valluri VL, Vankayalapati R. Metabolites enhance innate resistance to human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152357. [PMID: 36509283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection-negative (LTBI-) HHCs for 2 years. Those who remained LTBI- throughout the study were identified as nonconverters. At baseline, nonconverters had a higher percentage of CD14+ and CD3-CD56+CD27+CCR7+ memory-like natural killer (NK) cells. Using a whole-transcriptome and metabolomic approach, we identified deoxycorticosterone acetate as a metabolite with elevated concentrations in the plasma of nonconverters, and further studies showed that this metabolite enhanced glycolytic ATP flux in macrophages and restricted M. tuberculosis growth by enhancing antimicrobial peptide production through the expression of the surface receptor sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin-14. Another metabolite, 4-hydroxypyridine, from the plasma of nonconverters significantly enhanced the expansion of memory-like NK cells. Our findings demonstrate that increased levels of specific metabolites can regulate innate resistance against M. tuberculosis infection in HHCs of patients with TB who never develop LTBI or active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Padmaja Paidipally
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abhinav Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad Soheb Ansari
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Varalakshmi Mallidi
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anvesh Kumar Bogam
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karan P Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology and Center for Biomedical Research, School of Community and Rural Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, USA
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10
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Herrera M, Keynan Y, McLaren PJ, Isaza JP, Abrenica B, López L, Marin D, Rueda ZV. Gene expression profiling identifies candidate biomarkers for new latent tuberculosis infections. A cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274257. [PMID: 36170228 PMCID: PMC9518923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the gene expression profile in individuals with new latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and to compare them with people with active tuberculosis (TB) and those exposed to TB but not infected. Design A prospective cohort study. Recruitment and follow-up were conducted between September 2016 to December 2018. Gene expression and data processing and analysis from April 2019 to April 2021. Setting Two male Colombian prisons. Participants 15 new tuberculin skin test (TST) converters (negative TST at baseline that became positive during follow-up), 11 people that continued with a negative TST after two years of follow-up, and 10 people with pulmonary ATB. Main outcome measures Gene expression profile using RNA sequencing from PBMC samples. The differential expression was assessed using the DESeq2 package in Bioconductor. Genes with |logFC| >1.0 and an adjusted p-value < 0.1 were differentially expressed. We analyzed the differences in the enrichment of KEGG pathways in each group using InterMiner. Results The gene expression was affected by the time of incarceration. We identified group-specific differentially expressed genes between the groups: 289 genes in people with a new LTBI and short incarceration (less than three months of incarceration), 117 in those with LTBI and long incarceration (one or more years of incarceration), 26 in ATB, and 276 in the exposed but non-infected individuals. Four pathways encompassed the largest number of down and up-regulated genes among individuals with LTBI and short incarceration: cytokine signaling, signal transduction, neutrophil degranulation, and innate immune system. In individuals with LTBI and long incarceration, the only enriched pathway within up-regulated genes was Emi1 phosphorylation. Conclusions Recent infection with MTB is associated with an identifiable RNA pattern related to innate immune system pathways that can be used to prioritize LTBI treatment for those at greatest risk for developing active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Herrera
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Doctorado en Epidemiologia, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul J. McLaren
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Isaza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bernard Abrenica
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lucelly López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Marin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Departments of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Moreira JD, Iakhiaev A, Vankayalapati R, Jung BG, Samten B. Histone Deacetylase-2 Controls IL-1β Production through the Regulation of NLRP3 Expression and Activation in Tuberculosis Infection. iScience 2022; 25:104799. [PMID: 35982796 PMCID: PMC9379586 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical immune regulators. However, their roles in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production remain unclear. By screening 11 zinc-dependent HDACs with chemical inhibitors, we found that HDAC1 inhibitor, 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[6-(hydroxyamino)-6-oxohexyl]-benzamide (DHOB), enhanced IL-1β production by macrophage and dendritic cells upon TLR4 stimulation or Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through IL-1β maturation via elevated NLRP3 expression, increased cleaved caspase-1, and enhanced ASC oligomerization. DHOB rescued defective IL-1β production by dendritic cells infected with M. tuberculosis with ESAT-6 deletion, a virulence factor shown to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. DHOB increased IL-1β production and NLRP3 expression in a tuberculosis mouse model. Although DHOB inhibited HDAC activities of both HDAC1 and HDAC2 by direct binding, knockdown of HDAC2, but not HDAC1, increased IL-1β production and NLRP3 expression in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. These data suggest that HDAC2, but not HDAC1, controls IL-1β production through NLRP3 inflammasome activation, a mechanism with a significance in chronic inflammatory diseases including tuberculosis. HDAC1 inhibitor, DHOB, increased IL-1β production via NLRP3 inflammasome activation DHOB suppressed deacetylase activities of both HDAC1 and HDAC2 by direct interaction Deletion of HDAC2, but not HDAC1, increased IL-β production by increased NLRP3 expression DHOB increased IL-1β and NLRP3 expression in a mouse model of TB infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôsimar Dornelas Moreira
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Iakhiaev
- Division of Natural & Computational Sciences, Texas College, 2404 North Grand Avenue, Tyler, TX 75702, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Bock-Gie Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
- Corresponding author
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12
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Dawkins BA, Garman L, Cejda N, Pezant N, Rasmussen A, Rybicki BA, Levin AM, Benchek P, Seshadri C, Mayanja-Kizza H, Iannuzzi MC, Stein CM, Montgomery CG. Novel HLA associations with outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure and sarcoidosis in individuals of African ancestry using nearest-neighbor feature selection. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:463-474. [PMID: 35702824 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are inflammatory diseases characterized by granulomas that may occur in any organ but are often found in the lung. The panoply of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with occurrence and/or severity of both diseases varies considerably across studies. This heterogeneity of results, due to variation in factors like ancestry and disease subphenotype, as well as the use of simple modeling strategies to elucidate likely complex relationships, has made conclusions about underlying commonalities difficult. Here we perform HLA association analyses in individuals of African ancestry, using a greater resolution to include subphenotypes of disease and employing more comprehensive analytical techniques. Using a novel application of nearest-neighbor feature selection to score allelic importance, we investigated HLA allele association with Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure outcomes in the first analysis of both latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and active disease compared with those who, despite long-term exposure to active index cases, have neither positive diagnostic tests nor display clinical symptoms. We also compared persistent to resolved sarcoidosis. This led to the identification of novel HLA associations and evidence of main effects and interaction effects. We found strikingly similar main effects and interaction effects at HLA-DRB1, -DQB1, and -DPB1 in those resistant to tuberculosis (either latent or active) and persistent sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Dawkins
- Department of Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nicholas Cejda
- Department of Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nathan Pezant
- Department of Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Department of Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Michael C Iannuzzi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- Department of Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Carpenter SM, Lu LL. Leveraging Antibody, B Cell and Fc Receptor Interactions to Understand Heterogeneous Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830482. [PMID: 35371092 PMCID: PMC8968866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over a century of research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Though less than 10% of infected individuals develop active disease, the specific host immune responses that lead to Mtb transmission and death, as well as those that are protective, are not yet fully defined. Recent immune correlative studies demonstrate that the spectrum of infection and disease is more heterogenous than has been classically defined. Moreover, emerging translational and animal model data attribute a diverse immune repertoire to TB outcomes. Thus, protective and detrimental immune responses to Mtb likely encompass a framework that is broader than T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. Antibodies, Fc receptor interactions and B cells are underexplored host responses to Mtb. Poised at the interface of initial bacterial host interactions and in granulomatous lesions, antibodies and Fc receptors expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B cells have the potential to influence local and systemic adaptive immune responses. Broadening the paradigm of protective immunity will offer new paths to improve diagnostics and vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, United States
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14
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of bacterial disease-related death and is among the top 10 overall causes of death worldwide. The complex nature of this infectious lung disease has proven difficult to treat, and significant research efforts are now evaluating the feasibility of host-directed, adjunctive therapies. An attractive approach in host-directed therapy targets host epigenetics, or gene regulation, to redirect the immune response in a host-beneficial manner. Substantial evidence exists demonstrating that host epigenetics are dysregulated during TB and that epigenetic-based therapies may be highly effective to treat TB. However, the caveat is that much of the knowledge that exists on the modulation of the host epigenome during TB has been gained using in vitro, small-animal, or blood-derived cell models, which do not accurately reflect the pulmonary nature of the disease. In humans, the first and major target cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are alveolar macrophages (AM). As such, their response to infection and treatment is clinically relevant and ultimately drives the outcome of disease. In this review, we compare the fundamental differences between AM and circulating monocyte-derived macrophages in the context of TB and summarize the recent advances in elucidating the epigenomes of these cells, including changes to the transcriptome, DNA methylome, and chromatin architecture. We will also discuss trained immunity in AM as a new and emerging field in TB research and provide some perspectives for the translational potential of targeting host epigenetics as an alternative TB therapy.
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15
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Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among highly TB exposed South African gold miners. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265036. [PMID: 35302992 PMCID: PMC8932619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite high exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small proportion of South African goldminers resist TB infection. We determined, among long-service gold miners i) the proportion who were TB uninfected and ii) epidemiological factors associated with being uninfected. METHODS We enrolled HIV-negative gold miners aged 33-60 years with ≥15 years' service and no history of TB or silicosis. Miners were defined as TB uninfected if i) QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) negative or ii) in a stricter definition, QFT-Plus-negative and zero-response on TST and as resisters if they were of Black/African ethnicity and negative on both tests. Logistic regression was used to identify epidemiological factors associated with being TB uninfected. RESULTS Of 307 participants with a QFT-Plus result, median age was 48 years (interquartile range [IQR] 44-53), median time working underground was 24 years (IQR 18-28), 303 (99%) were male and 91 (30%) were QFT-Plus-negative. The odds of being TB uninfected was 52% lower for unskilled workers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.85; p = 0.013). Among 281 participants of Black/African ethnicity, 71 (25%) were QFT-Plus negative. Miners with a BMI ≥30 were less likely to be TB uninfected (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.18-0.80). Using the stricter definition, 44.3% (136/307) of all miners were classified as either TB uninfected (35; 26%) or infected, (101; 74%) and the associations remained similar. Among Black/African miners; 123 were classified as either TB uninfected (23; 19%) or infected (100; 81%) using the stricter definition. No epidemiological factors for being TB uninfected were identified. CONCLUSIONS Despite high cumulative exposure, a small proportion of miners appear to be resistant to TB infection and are without distinguishing epidemiological characteristics.
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16
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McHenry ML, Wampande EM, Joloba ML, Malone LL, Mayanja-Kizza H, Bush WS, Boom WH, Williams SM, Stein CM. Interaction between M. tuberculosis Lineage and Human Genetic Variants Reveals Novel Pathway Associations with Severity of TB. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111487. [PMID: 34832643 PMCID: PMC8617877 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Both human and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) genetic variation affect TB outcomes, but few studies have examined if and how the two genomes interact to affect disease. We hypothesize that long-term coexistence between human genomes and MTBC lineages modulates disease to affect its severity. We examined this hypothesis in our TB household contact study in Kampala, Uganda, in which we identified three MTBC lineages, of which one, L4.6-Uganda, is clearly derived and hence recent. We quantified TB severity using the Bandim TBscore and examined the interaction between MTBC lineage and human single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genome-wide, in two independent cohorts of TB cases (n = 149 and n = 127). We found a significant interaction between an SNP in PPIAP2 and the Uganda lineage (combined p = 4 × 10−8). PPIAP2 is a pseudogene that is highly expressed in immune cells. Pathway and eQTL analyses indicated potential roles between coevolving SNPs and cellular replication and metabolism as well as platelet aggregation and coagulation. This finding provides further evidence that host–pathogen interactions affect clinical presentation differently than host and pathogen genetic variation independently, and that human–MTBC coevolution is likely to explain patterns of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McHenry
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; (E.M.W.); (M.L.J.)
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; (E.M.W.); (M.L.J.)
| | - LaShaunda L. Malone
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (L.L.M.); (W.H.B.)
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine and Mulago Hospital, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;
| | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (L.L.M.); (W.H.B.)
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA; (M.L.M.); (W.S.B.); (S.M.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; (E.M.W.); (M.L.J.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Kumar K, Kon OM. Personalised Medicine for Tuberculosis and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2220. [PMID: 34835346 PMCID: PMC8624359 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised medicine, in which clinical management is individualised to the genotypic and phenotypic data of patients, offers a promising means by which to enhance outcomes in the management of mycobacterial pulmonary infections. In this review, we provide an overview of how personalised medicine approaches may be utilised to identify patients at risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) or non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), diagnose these conditions and guide effective treatment strategies. Despite recent technological and therapeutic advances, TB and NTM-PD remain challenging conditions to diagnose and treat. Studies have identified a range of genetic and immune factors that predispose patients to pulmonary mycobacterial infections. Molecular tests such as nucleic acid amplification assays and next generation sequencing provide a rapid means by which to identify mycobacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance profiles, thus guiding selection of appropriate antimicrobials. Host-directed therapies and therapeutic drug monitoring offer ways of tailoring management to the clinical needs of patients at an individualised level. Biomarkers may hold promise in differentiating between latent and active TB, as well as in predicting mycobacterial disease progression and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Kumar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Onn Min Kon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
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18
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Zhang F, Yu S, Chai Q, Wang J, Wu T, Liu R, Liu Y, Liu CH, Pang Y. HDAC6 contributes to human resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection via mediating innate immune responses. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22009. [PMID: 34694026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100614r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that certain individuals, which are termed resisters, are naturally resistant to TB infection. The resister phenotype has been linked to host efficient innate immune responses, but the underlying mechanisms and the key immune factors remain unclear. Here, we find that upon Mtb infection, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from TB resisters exhibited distinctly higher production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, higher ratio of bacteria in acidic vacuoles, and lower intracellular bacterial loads, as compared to that from the healthy controls, individuals with latent TB infection, and TB patients. Such enhanced anti-Mtb immune capacity of macrophages from resisters largely depends on histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), whose expression is specifically maintained in MDMs from TB resisters during Mtb infection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HDAC6 is required for acidification of Mtb-containing phagosomes in macrophages, thus controlling the intracellular survival of Mtb. Taken together, these findings unravel an indispensable role of HDAC6 in human innate resistance against Mtb infection, suggesting that HDAC6 may serve as a marker for individual TB risk as well as a novel host-directed anti-TB therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Zhang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tuoya Wu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Boom WH, Schaible UE, Achkar JM. The knowns and unknowns of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136222. [PMID: 33529162 DOI: 10.1172/jci136222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for thousands of years. While tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest infectious diseases, is caused by uncontrolled Mtb infection, over 90% of presumed infected individuals remain asymptomatic and contain Mtb in a latent TB infection (LTBI) without ever developing disease, and some may clear the infection. A small number of heavily Mtb-exposed individuals appear to resist developing traditional LTBI. Because Mtb has mechanisms for intracellular survival and immune evasion, successful control involves all of the arms of the immune system. Here, we focus on immune responses to Mtb in humans and nonhuman primates and discuss new concepts and outline major knowledge gaps in our understanding of LTBI, ranging from the earliest events of exposure and infection to success or failure of Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Kravitz A, Pelzer K, Sriranganathan N. The Paratuberculosis Paradigm Examined: A Review of Host Genetic Resistance and Innate Immune Fitness in Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:721706. [PMID: 34485444 PMCID: PMC8414637 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis, or Johne's Disease (JD) is a debilitating chronic enteritis mainly affecting ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This organism causes worldwide economic losses to the livestock industry, and is of public health importance due to the potential zoonotic risk between MAP and Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. Without economical treatments, or a vaccine capable of preventing infection without causing cross-reactions with bovine tuberculosis, test-and-cull methods for disease control are imperative. Unfortunately, difficulties in diagnostics and long subclinical stage hinder adequate control and is further complicated by variation in MAP exposure outcome. Interestingly, the majority of infections result in asymptomatic presentation and never progress to clinical disease. One contributing factor is host genetics, where polymorphisms in innate immune genes have been found to influence resistance and susceptibility to disease. Candidate genes identified across studies overlap with those found in CD and tuberculosis including; Solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene (SLC11A1), Nucleotide-binding-oligomerization domain containing gene 2 (NOD2), Major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC-II), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes. This review will highlight evidence supporting the vital role of these genes in MAP infection outcome, associated challenges, and implications for the future of JD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kravitz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kevin Pelzer
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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21
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Foster M, Hill PC, Setiabudiawan TP, Koeken VACM, Alisjahbana B, van Crevel R. BCG-induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications for next-generation vaccines. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:122-144. [PMID: 33709421 PMCID: PMC8252066 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was introduced 100 years ago, but as it provides insufficient protection against TB disease, especially in adults, new vaccines are being developed and evaluated. The discovery that BCG protects humans from becoming infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and not just from progressing to TB disease provides justification for considering Mtb infection as an endpoint in vaccine trials. Such trials would require fewer participants than those with disease as an endpoint. In this review, we first define Mtb infection and disease phenotypes that can be used for mechanistic studies and/or endpoints for vaccine trials. Secondly, we review the evidence for BCG-induced protection against Mtb infection from observational and BCG re-vaccination studies, and discuss limitations and variation of this protection. Thirdly, we review possible underlying mechanisms for BCG efficacy against Mtb infection, including alternative T cell responses, antibody-mediated protection, and innate immune mechanisms, with a specific focus on BCG-induced trained immunity, which involves epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. Finally, we discuss the implications for further studies of BCG efficacy against Mtb infection, including for mechanistic research, and their relevance to the design and evaluation of new TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Foster
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Philip C. Hill
- Centre for International HealthUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Todia Pediatama Setiabudiawan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection MedicineCentre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCOREJoint Ventures between The Helmholtz‐Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and The Hannover Medical School (MHH)HannoverGermany
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Tuberculosis Working GroupFaculty of MedicineUniversitas PadjadjaranBandungIndonesia
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI)Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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22
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Thiel BA, Worodria W, Nalukwago S, Nsereko M, Sanyu I, Rejani L, Zawedde J, Canaday DH, Stein CM, Chervenak KA, Malone LL, Kiyemba R, Silver RF, Johnson JL, Mayanja-Kizza H, Boom WH. Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Ugandan adults who resist versus those who develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249477. [PMID: 33836031 PMCID: PMC8034721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search for immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in humans is limited by the focus on peripheral blood measures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can safely be done and provides insight into cellular function in the lung where infection is first established. In this study, blood and lung samples were assayed to determine if heavily MTB exposed persons who resist development of latent MTB infection (RSTR) vs those who develop latent MTB infection (LTBI), differ in the make-up of resident BAL innate and adaptive immune cells. Methods Bronchoscopy was performed on 21 healthy long-term Ugandan RSTR and 25 LTBI participants. Immune cell distributions in BAL and peripheral blood were compared by differential cell counting and flow cytometry. Results The bronchoscopy procedure was well tolerated with few adverse reactions. Differential macrophage and lymphocyte frequencies in BAL differed between RSTR and LTBI. When corrected for age, this difference lost statistical significance. BAL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were almost entirely composed of effector memory T cells in contrast to PBMC, and did not differ between RSTR and LTBI. BAL NKT, γδ T cells and NK cells also did not differ between RTSR and LTBI participants. There was a marginally significant increase (p = 0.034) in CD8 T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in PBMC of LTBI vs RSTR participants. Conclusion This observational case-control study comparing unstimulated BAL from RSTR vs LTBI, did not find evidence of large differences in the distribution of baseline BAL immune cells. PBMC TEMRA cell percentage was higher in LTBI relative to RSTR suggesting a role in the maintenance of latent MTB infection. Functional immune studies are required to determine if and how RSTR and LTBI BAL immune cells differ in response to MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A. Thiel
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - William Worodria
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sophie Nalukwago
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ingvar Sanyu
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lalitha Rejani
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Zawedde
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David H. Canaday
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keith A. Chervenak
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - LaShaunda L. Malone
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kiyemba
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard F. Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John L. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Uganda-Case Western Reserve University Research Collaboration, Makerere University College of Health Sciences and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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23
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Rijnink WF, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. B-Cells and Antibodies as Contributors to Effector Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640168. [PMID: 33679802 PMCID: PMC7930078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still a major threat to mankind, urgently requiring improved vaccination and therapeutic strategies to reduce TB-disease burden. Most present vaccination strategies mainly aim to induce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), yet a series of independent studies has shown that B-cells and antibodies (Abs) may contribute significantly to reduce the mycobacterial burden. Although early studies using B-cell knock out animals did not support a major role for B-cells, more recent studies have provided new evidence that B-cells and Abs can contribute significantly to host defense against Mtb. B-cells and Abs exist in many different functional subsets, each equipped with unique functional properties. In this review, we will summarize current evidence on the contribution of B-cells and Abs to immunity toward Mtb, their potential utility as biomarkers, and their functional contribution to Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn F Rijnink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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24
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Campo M, Heater S, Peterson GJ, Simmons JD, Skerrett SJ, Mayanja-Kizza H, Stein CM, Boom WH, Hawn TR. HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 controls bacterial growth and modulates macrophage signaling during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102062. [PMID: 33639591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Host-directed therapeutics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) offer potential strategies for combatting antibiotic resistance and for killing non-replicating bacilli. Phenylbutyrate, a partially selective histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was previously shown to control Mtb growth and alter macrophage inflammatory pathways at 2-4 mM concentrations. OBJECTIVE To identify a more potent and selective HDAC inhibitor that modulates macrophage responses to mycobacteria and has direct antibacterial effects against Mtb. METHODS We used cellular approaches to characterize the role of pharmacologic inhibition of HDAC3 on Mtb growth and Mtb-induced peripheral and alveolar macrophage immune functions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS RGFP966, an HDAC3 inhibitor, controlled Mtb, BCG and M. avium growth directly in broth culture and in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived and alveolar macrophages with an MIC50 of approximately 5-10 μM. In contrast, RGFP966 did not inhibit growth of several other intracellular and extracellular bacteria. We also found that RGFP966 modulated macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to Mtb infection with decreased IL6 and TNF secretion. CONCLUSIONS We identified a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of HDAC3 with direct antimicrobial activity against Mtb and modulation of macrophage signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Campo
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sarah Heater
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason D Simmons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shawn J Skerrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - W Henry Boom
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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25
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Bose P, Harit AK, Das R, Sau S, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. Tuberculosis: current scenario, drug targets, and future prospects. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Uren C, Hoal EG, Möller M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and human coadaptation: a two-way street complicating host susceptibility to TB. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R146-R153. [PMID: 33258469 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has infected numerous populations, both human and non-human, causing symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) in some hosts. Research investigating the MTBC and how it has evolved with its host over time is sparse and has not resulted in many significant findings. There are even fewer studies investigating adaptation of the human host susceptibility to TB and these have largely focused on genome-wide association and candidate gene association studies. However, results emanating from these association studies are rarely replicated and appear to be population specific. It is, therefore, necessary to relook at the approach taken to investigate the relationship between the MTBC and the human host. Understanding that the evolution of the pathogen is coupled to the evolution of the host might be the missing link needed to effectively investigate their relationship. We hypothesize that this knowledge will bolster future efforts in combating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Uren
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, 8000 Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa
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27
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Yan WJ, Zhou HY, Yan H. Characterization of and advanced diagnostic methods for ocular tuberculosis and tuberculosis. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1820-1826. [PMID: 33215016 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs. Timely treatment of active TB, diagnosis and prevention of latent TB are very important. However, extrapulmonary TB affects almost any tissues around the eye and orbit, and it then requires a high degree of suspicion to accurately diagnose. Diagnostic delays are common and may lead to morbidity. For ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists, it is important to work together to accurately diagnose and treat ocular tuberculosis (OTB) to prevent vision loss. This review reports the latest advanced diagnostic methods for active TB and latent TB as well as various known manifestations of OTB. Important elements of diagnosis and treatment are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Yan
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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28
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Marimani M, AlOmar SY, Aldahmash B, Ahmad A, Stacey S, Duse A. Distinct epigenetic regulation in patients with multidrug-resistant TB-HIV co-infection and uninfected individuals. Mutat Res 2020; 821:111724. [PMID: 33070028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an airborne pathogenic microorganism that causes tuberculosis (TB). This pathogen invades lung tissues causing pulmonary infections and disseminates into other host organs. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is employed to provide immune protection against TB; however, its efficacy is dependent on the age, immune status and geographic location of vaccinated individuals. Advanced diagnostic approaches such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and line probe assays (LPAs) have allowed rapid detection of drug-resistant, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, public and private health institutions are further burdened by the high prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and TB co-infections across different age groups. Epigenetic mechanisms have been widely exploited by Mtb and HIV to bypass the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to microbial proliferation and disease manifestation. In the current study, we investigated the impact of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating target gene expression in healthy and patients co-infected with MDR TB-HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Marimani
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Suliman Yousef AlOmar
- Doping Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Aldahmash
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Infectious Diseases, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Stacey
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Infectious Diseases, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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29
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Marimani M, Ahmad A, Stacey S, Duse A. Examining the levels of acetylation, DNA methylation and phosphorylation in HIV-1 positive and multidrug-resistant TB-HIV patients. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:232-242. [PMID: 33045438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the impact of epigenetic modifications on host gene functioning by assessing the expression of seven candidate genes in three separate groups including healthy, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB-HIV co-infected and HIV-1 positive individuals. METHODS Ten patients with MDR TB and HIV-1 co-infection on TB and HIV therapy and a cohort comprised of 10 newly diagnosed individuals with HIV-1 infection were recruited from the TB and HIV clinics at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Notably, the HIV-1 positive individuals were not placed on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the time of recruitment and blood collection. A third group consisting of 10 healthy participants without MDR TB or HIV infection was recruited from the University of the Witwatersrand. Blood samples collected from all three cohorts were employed for extraction of plasma, total RNA and genomic DNA. RESULTS Our data indicated that the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) genes was significantly increased in HIV-1 positive patients and was lowest in MDR TB-HIV co-infected patients. By contrast, histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), protein tyrosine kinase (PtkA) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PtpA) mRNA expression levels were substantially enhanced in HIV-1 infected and were lowest in healthy individuals. Conversely, Dicer expression levels were comparable among all three study groups. CONCLUSION Promising preliminary data emanating from this investigation may potentially be used for generation of novel vaccines and therapeutic compounds capable of neutralising MDR TB-HIV and HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Marimani
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Sarah Stacey
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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30
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Lai Y, Babunovic GH, Cui L, Dedon PC, Doench JG, Fortune SM, Lu TK. Illuminating Host-Mycobacterial Interactions with Genome-wide CRISPR Knockout and CRISPRi Screens. Cell Syst 2020; 11:239-251.e7. [PMID: 32970993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Existing antibiotics are inadequate to defeat tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death worldwide. We sought potential targets for host-directed therapies (HDTs) by investigating the host immune response to mycobacterial infection. We used high-throughput CRISPR knockout and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screens to identify perturbations that improve the survival of human phagocytic cells infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), as a proxy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Many of these perturbations constrained the growth of intracellular mycobacteria. We identified over 100 genes associated with diverse biological pathways as potential HDT targets. We validated key components of the type I interferon and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways that respond to the small-molecule inhibitors cerdulatinib and CH223191, respectively; these inhibitors enhanced human macrophage survival and limited the intracellular growth of Mtb. Thus, high-throughput functional genomic screens, by elucidating highly complex host-pathogen interactions, can serve to identify HDTs to potentially improve TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gregory H Babunovic
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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31
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Chai Q, Wang L, Liu CH, Ge B. New insights into the evasion of host innate immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:901-913. [PMID: 32728204 PMCID: PMC7608469 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an extremely successful intracellular pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading infectious cause of human death. The early interactions between Mtb and the host innate immune system largely determine the establishment of TB infection and disease development. Upon infection, host cells detect Mtb through a set of innate immune receptors and launch a range of cellular innate immune events. However, these innate defense mechanisms are extensively modulated by Mtb to avoid host immune clearance. In this review, we describe the emerging role of cytosolic nucleic acid-sensing pathways at the host-Mtb interface and summarize recently revealed mechanisms by which Mtb circumvents host cellular innate immune strategies such as membrane trafficking and integrity, cell death and autophagy. In addition, we discuss the newly elucidated strategies by which Mtb manipulates the host molecular regulatory machinery of innate immunity, including the intranuclear regulatory machinery, the ubiquitin system, and cellular intrinsic immune components. A better understanding of innate immune evasion mechanisms adopted by Mtb will provide new insights into TB pathogenesis and contribute to the development of more effective TB vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China.
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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Cox DJ, Coleman AM, Gogan KM, Phelan JJ, Ó Maoldomhnaigh C, Dunne PJ, Basdeo SA, Keane J. Inhibiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Macrophages Promotes Glycolysis, IL-1β, and T Helper Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1609. [PMID: 32793237 PMCID: PMC7390906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria that causes the disease, is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages (AM) and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in the lung. Infected macrophages then upregulate effector functions through epigenetic modifications to make DNA accessible for transcription. The metabolic switch to glycolysis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines are key effector functions, governed by epigenetic changes, that are integral to the ability of the macrophage to mount an effective immune response against Mtb. We hypothesised that suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), an FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), can modulate epigenetic changes upstream of the metabolic switch and support immune responses during Mtb infection. The rate of glycolysis in human MDM, infected with Mtb and treated with SAHA, was tracked in real time on the Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. SAHA promoted glycolysis early in the response to Mtb. This was associated with significantly increased production of IL-1β and significantly reduced IL-10 in human MDM and AM. Since innate immune function directs downstream adaptive immune responses, we used SAHA-treated Mtb-infected AM or MDM in a co-culture system to stimulate T cells. Mtb-infected macrophages that had previously been treated with SAHA promoted IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF co-production in responding T helper cells but did not affect cytotoxic T cells. These results indicate that SAHA promoted the early switch to glycolysis, increased IL-1β, and reduced IL-10 production in human macrophages infected with Mtb. Moreover, the elevated proinflammatory function of SAHA-treated macrophages resulted in enhanced T helper cell cytokine polyfunctionality. These data provide an in vitro proof-of-concept for the use of HDACi to modulate human immunometabolic processes in macrophages to promote innate and subsequent adaptive proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal J Cox
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy M Coleman
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karl M Gogan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cilian Ó Maoldomhnaigh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pádraic J Dunne
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharee A Basdeo
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Basu Roy R, Sambou B, Sissoko M, Holder B, Gomez MP, Egere U, Sillah AK, Koukounari A, Kampmann B. Protection against mycobacterial infection: A case-control study of mycobacterial immune responses in pairs of Gambian children with discordant infection status despite matched TB exposure. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102891. [PMID: 32675024 PMCID: PMC7502674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are particularly susceptible to tuberculosis. However, most children exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis are able to control the pathogen without evidence of infection. Correlates of human protective immunity against tuberculosis infection are lacking, and their identification would aid vaccine design. METHODS We recruited pairs of asymptomatic children with discordant tuberculin skin test status but the same sleeping proximity to the same adult with sputum smear-positive tuberculosis in a matched case-control study in The Gambia. Participants were classified as either Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected or Highly TB-Exposed Infected children. Serial luminescence measurements using an in vitro functional auto-luminescent Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) whole blood assay quantified the dynamics of host control of mycobacterial growth. Assay supernatants were analysed with a multiplex cytokine assay to measure associated inflammatory responses. FINDINGS 29 pairs of matched Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected and Highly TB-Exposed Infected children aged 5 to 15 years old were enroled. Samples from Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children had higher levels of mycobacterial luminescence at 96 hours than Highly TB-Exposed Infected children. Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children also produced less BCG-specific interferon-γ than Highly TB-Exposed Infected children at 24 hours and at 96 hours. INTERPRETATION Highly TB-Exposed Uninfected children showed less control of mycobacterial growth compared to Highly TB-Exposed Infected children in a functional assay, whilst cytokine responses mirrored infection status. FUNDING Clinical Research Training Fellowship funded under UK Medical Research Council/Department for International Development Concordat agreement and part of EDCTP2 programme supported by European Union (MR/K023446/1). Also MRC Program Grants (MR/K007602/1, MR/K011944/1, MC_UP_A900/1122).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robindra Basu Roy
- Department of Academic Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia; Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Basil Sambou
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Muhamed Sissoko
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Beth Holder
- Department of Academic Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom; Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0HS, United Kingdom
| | - Marie P Gomez
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Uzochukwu Egere
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia; Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Abdou K Sillah
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Artemis Koukounari
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia; Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; The Vaccine Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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34
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Chai Q, Lu Z, Liu CH. Host defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1859-1878. [PMID: 31720742 PMCID: PMC11104961 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious pathogen. Mtb is a paradigmatic intracellular pathogen that primarily invades the lungs after host inhalation of bacteria-containing droplets via the airway. However, the majority of Mtb-exposed individuals can spontaneously control the infection by virtue of a robust immune defense system. The mucosal barriers of the respiratory tract shape the first-line defense against Mtb through various mucosal immune responses. After arriving at the alveoli, the surviving mycobacteria further encounter a set of host innate immune cells that exert multiple cellular bactericidal functions. Adaptive immunity, predominantly mediated by a range of different T cell and B cell subsets, is subsequently activated and participates in host anti-mycobacterial defense. During Mtb infection, host bactericidal immune responses are exquisitely adjusted and balanced by multifaceted mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, metabolic regulation and neuroendocrine regulation, which are indispensable for maintaining host immune efficiency and avoiding excessive tissue injury. A better understanding of the integrated and equilibrated host immune defense system against Mtb will contribute to the development of rational TB treatment regimens especially novel host-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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35
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Moreira JD, Koch BEV, van Veen S, Walburg KV, Vrieling F, Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães T, Meijer AH, Spaink HP, Ottenhoff THM, Haks MC, Heemskerk MT. Functional Inhibition of Host Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) Enhances in vitro and in vivo Anti-mycobacterial Activity in Human Macrophages and in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32117228 PMCID: PMC7008710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and persistent increase of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections poses increasing global problems in combatting tuberculosis (TB), prompting for the development of alternative strategies including host-directed therapy (HDT). Since Mtb is an intracellular pathogen with a remarkable ability to manipulate host intracellular signaling pathways to escape from host defense, pharmacological reprogramming of the immune system represents a novel, potentially powerful therapeutic strategy that should be effective also against drug-resistant Mtb. Here, we found that host-pathogen interactions in Mtb-infected primary human macrophages affected host epigenetic features by modifying histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptomic levels. In addition, broad spectrum inhibition of HDACs enhanced the antimicrobial response of both pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ1) and anti-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ2), while selective inhibition of class IIa HDACs mainly decreased bacterial outgrowth in Mϕ2. Moreover, chemical inhibition of HDAC activity during differentiation polarized macrophages into a more bactericidal phenotype with a concomitant decrease in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, in vivo chemical inhibition of HDAC activity in Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish embryos, a well-characterized animal model for tuberculosis, significantly reduced mycobacterial burden, validating our in vitro findings in primary human macrophages. Collectively, these data identify HDACs as druggable host targets for HDT against intracellular Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôsimar D Moreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bjørn E V Koch
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley V Walburg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank Vrieling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias T Heemskerk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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36
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Kaipilyawar V, Salgame P. Infection resisters: targets of new research for uncovering natural protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 31602294 PMCID: PMC6774050 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19805.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
“Infection resisters” are broadly defined as individuals who despite significant exposure to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain persistently unreactive to conventional detection assays, suggesting that they remain uninfected or rapidly clear their infection early on following exposure. In this review, we highlight recent studies that point to underlying host immune mechanisms that could mediate this natural resistance. We also illustrate some additional avenues that are likely to be differently modulated in resisters and possess the potential to be targeted, ranging from early mycobacterial sensing leading up to subsequent killing. Emerging research in this area can be harnessed to provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies against
M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, 225 Warren St, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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37
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Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 18:575-589. [PMID: 29895826 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and establishes a long-lived latent infection in a substantial proportion of the human population. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that some individuals are resistant to latent M. tuberculosis infection despite long-term and intense exposure, and we term these individuals 'resisters'. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiological and genetic data that support the existence of resisters and propose criteria to optimally define and characterize the resister phenotype. We review recent insights into the immune mechanisms of M. tuberculosis clearance, including responses mediated by macrophages, T cells and B cells. Understanding the cellular mechanisms that underlie resistance to M. tuberculosis infection may reveal immune correlates of protection that could be utilized for improved diagnostics, vaccine development and novel host-directed therapeutic strategies.
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38
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Lin PL, Flynn JL. The End of the Binary Era: Revisiting the Spectrum of Tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 201:2541-2548. [PMID: 30348659 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was thought to result in either active symptomatic tuberculosis (TB) or latent asymptomatic infection. It is now clear that this binary classification is insufficient to describe the myriad of infection outcomes. In active TB, symptomatic disease can be mild to severe, with a range of lung and thoracic lymph node involvement or extrapulmonary manifestations. Most humans control the infection and develop latent TB infection, with differential risks of reactivation to active TB. However, some frequently exposed persons appear to be resistant to infection, whereas others may initially become infected yet subsequently eliminate all bacilli. The immunologic factors influencing these varied outcomes are still not clear, but likely involve a range of different responses. In this article, we review the data supporting the spectrum of M. tuberculosis infection in humans as well as data in nonhuman primates that allow dissection of the immune responses leading to the varied outcomes of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224; and
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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39
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Lu LL, Smith MT, Yu KKQ, Luedemann C, Suscovich TJ, Grace PS, Cain A, Yu WH, McKitrick TR, Lauffenburger D, Cummings RD, Mayanja-Kizza H, Hawn TR, Boom WH, Stein CM, Fortune SM, Seshadri C, Alter G. IFN-γ-independent immune markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure. Nat Med 2019; 25:977-987. [PMID: 31110348 PMCID: PMC6559862 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) results in heterogeneous clinical outcomes including primary progressive tuberculosis and latent Mtb infection (LTBI). Mtb infection is identified using the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay IGRA, and a positive result may prompt chemoprophylaxis to prevent progression to tuberculosis. In the present study, we report on a cohort of Ugandan individuals who were household contacts of patients with TB. These individuals were highly exposed to Mtb but tested negative by IFN-γ release assay and tuberculin skin test, ‘resisting’ development of classic LTBI. We show that ‘resisters’ possess IgM, class-switched IgG antibody responses and non-IFN-γ T cell responses to the Mtb-specific proteins ESAT6 and CFP10, immunologic evidence of exposure to Mtb. Compared to subjects with classic LTBI, ‘resisters’ display enhanced antibody avidity and distinct Mtb-specific IgG Fc profiles. These data reveal a distinctive adaptive immune profile among Mtb-exposed subjects, supporting an expanded definition of the host response to Mtb exposure, with implications for public health and the design of clinical trials. New immune biomarkers of exposure to tuberculosis may require a rethink of evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenette L Lu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Krystle K Q Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam Cain
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wen Han Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tanya R McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Univ. Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Univ. Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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40
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Stein CM, Nsereko M, Malone LL, Okware B, Kisingo H, Nalukwago S, Chervenak K, Mayanja-Kizza H, Hawn TR, Boom WH. Long-term Stability of Resistance to Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Highly Exposed Tuberculosis Household Contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 68:1705-1712. [PMID: 30165605 PMCID: PMC6495009 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, identified by persistently negative tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA), after close contact with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients has not been extensively characterized. Stability of this "resistance" beyond 2 years from exposure is unknown. METHODS 407 of 657 eligible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative adults from a TB household contact study with persistently negative TST (PTST-) or with stable latent M.tb infection (LTBI) were retraced 9.5 years (standard deviation = 3.2) later. Asymptomatic retraced contacts underwent 3 IGRAs and follow-up TST, and their M.tb infection status classified as definite/possible/probable. RESULTS Among PTST- with a definite classification, 82.7% were concordantly TST-/ quantiferon-TB Gold- (QFT-), and 16.3% converted to TST+/QFT+ LTBI. Among original LTBI contacts, 83.6% remained LTBI, and 3.9% reverted their TST and were QFT-. Although TST and QFT concordance was high (κ = 0.78), 1.0% of PTST and 12.5% of original LTBI contacts could not be classified due to discordant TST and QFT results. Epidemiological variables did not differ between retraced PTST- and LTBI contacts. CONCLUSION Resistance to LTBI, defined by repeatedly negative TST and IGRA, in adults who have had close contact with pulmonary TB patients living in TB-endemic areas, is a stable outcome of M.tb exposure. Repeated longitudinal measurements with 2 different immune assays and extended follow-up provide enhanced discriminatory power to identify this resister phenotype and avoid misclassification. Resisters may use immune mechanisms to control aerosolized M.tb that differ from those used by persons who develop "classic" LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - LaShaunda L Malone
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brenda Okware
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hussein Kisingo
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sophie Nalukwago
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keith Chervenak
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University and Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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41
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Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing in both sputum and non-sputum samples, could change this situation. Although little has changed in the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, data on increased efficacy with new and repurposed drugs have led WHO to recommend all-oral therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis for the first time ever in 2018. Studies have shown that shorter latent tuberculosis prevention regimens containing rifampicin or rifapentine are as effective as longer, isoniazid-based regimens, and there is a promising vaccine candidate to prevent the progression of infection to the disease. But new tools alone are not sufficient. Advances must be made in providing high-quality, people-centred care for tuberculosis. Renewed political will, coupled with improved access to quality care, could relegate the morbidity, mortality, and stigma long associated with tuberculosis, to the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Helen Cox
- Division of Medical Microbiology and the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Madhukar Pai
- McGill International Tuberculosis Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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42
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Zhang M, Wang J, Wang Y, Wu S, Sandford AJ, Luo J, He JQ. Association of the TLR1 variant rs5743557 with susceptibility to tuberculosis. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:583-594. [PMID: 30963003 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.01.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR6 play important roles in the innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) via interactions with TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of TLR1, TLR6, MYD88 and TIRAP polymorphisms with susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis (TB). Methods In total, 204 uninfected healthy controls (HC), 201 individuals with LTBI and 209 TB patients were enrolled. Two interferon-γ release assays were used to differentiate individuals with LTBI from uninfected controls. TagSNPs of the four genes were genotyped by the SNPscanTM Kit. The Haploview 4.2 and SHEsis software packages were combined to perform linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analyses. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) software was used to investigate gene-gene interaction. The Stata 12.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis of the relationship between rs5743557 and TB susceptibility. Results The AA genotype of rs5743557 was associated with reduced TB risk (P=0.006) and the AA/GA genotypes of TLR1 rs5743604 were associated with increased TB risk (P=0.017) when the LTBI group was compared with the TB group. The frequency of TLR1 haplotype rs4833095-rs5743604 CG was significantly higher in the LTBI group than in the TB group (P=0.019877). However, only the relationship between rs5743557 and TB susceptibility remained significant after 1000-fold permutation testing (P=0.023). The meta-analysis suggested that rs5743557_A was associated with decreased TB risk in the Chinese adult population (P<0.001, OR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.88). No significant gene-gene interactions were found. Conclusions The results of our study suggest that the tagSNP rs5743557 of TLR1 is associated with the risk of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Autonomous 624000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Andrew J Sandford
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jun Luo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Autonomous 624000, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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43
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Möller M, Kinnear CJ, Orlova M, Kroon EE, van Helden PD, Schurr E, Hoal EG. Genetic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2219. [PMID: 30319657 PMCID: PMC6170664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural history studies of tuberculosis (TB) have revealed a spectrum of clinical outcomes after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of TB. Not all individuals exposed to the bacterium will become diseased and depending on the infection pressure, many will remain infection-free. Intriguingly, complete resistance to infection is observed in some individuals (termed resisters) after intense, continuing M. tuberculosis exposure. After successful infection, the majority of individuals will develop latent TB infection (LTBI). This infection state is currently (and perhaps imperfectly) defined by the presence of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), but no detectable clinical disease symptoms. The majority of healthy individuals with LTBI are resistant to clinical TB, indicating that infection is remarkably well-contained in these non-progressors. The remaining 5-15% of LTBI positive individuals will progress to active TB. Epidemiological investigations have indicated that the host genetic component contributes to these infection and disease phenotypes, influencing both susceptibility and resistance. Elucidating these genetic correlates is therefore a priority as it may translate to new interventions to prevent, diagnose or treat TB. The most successful approaches in resistance/susceptibility investigation have focused on specific infection and disease phenotypes and the resister phenotype may hold the key to the discovery of actionable genetic variants in TB infection and disease. This review will not only discuss lessons from epidemiological studies, but will also focus on the contribution of epidemiology and functional genetics to human genetic resistance to M. tuberculosis infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo Möller
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elouise E. Kroon
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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44
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Dallmann-Sauer M, Correa-Macedo W, Schurr E. Human genetics of mycobacterial disease. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:523-538. [PMID: 30116885 PMCID: PMC6132723 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are caused by members of the genus Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacteria characterized by the presence of mycolic acids within their cell walls. Claiming almost 2 million lives every year, tuberculosis (TB) is the most common mycobacterial disease and is caused by infection with M. tuberculosis and, in rare cases, by M. bovis or M. africanum. The second and third most common mycobacterial diseases are leprosy and buruli ulcer (BU), respectively. Both diseases affect the skin and can lead to permanent sequelae and deformities. Leprosy is caused by the uncultivable M. leprae while the etiological agent of BU is the environmental bacterium M. ulcerans. After exposure to these mycobacterial species, a majority of individuals will not progress to clinical disease and, among those who do, inter-individual variability in disease manifestation and outcome can be observed. Susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases carries a human genetic component and intense efforts have been applied over the past decades to decipher the exact nature of the genetic factors controlling disease susceptibility. While for BU this search was mostly conducted on the basis of candidate genes association studies, genome-wide approaches have been widely applied for TB and leprosy. In this review, we summarize some of the findings achieved by genome-wide linkage, association and transcriptome analyses in TB disease and leprosy and the recent genetic findings for BU susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dallmann-Sauer
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wilian Correa-Macedo
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,The McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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45
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Fine-mapping analysis of a chromosome 2 region linked to resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Uganda reveals potential regulatory variants. Genes Immun 2018; 20:473-483. [PMID: 30100616 PMCID: PMC6374218 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health burden worldwide, and more effective treatment is sorely needed. Consequently, uncovering causes of resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is of special importance for vaccine design. Resistance to Mtb infection can be defined by a persistently negative tuberculin skin test (PTST-) despite living in close and sustained exposure to an active TB case. While susceptibility to Mtb is, in part, genetically determined, relatively little work has been done to uncover genetic factors underlying resistance to Mtb infection. We examined a region on chromosome 2q previously implicated in our genomewide linkage scan by a targeted, high-density association scan for genetic variants enhancing PTST- in two independent Ugandan TB household cohorts (n = 747 and 471). We found association with SNPs in neighboring genes ZEB2 and GTDC1 (peak meta p = 1.9 × 10-5) supported by both samples. Bioinformatic analysis suggests these variants may affect PTST- by regulating the histone deacetylase (HDAC) pathway, supporting previous results from transcriptomic analyses. An apparent protective effect of PTST- against body-mass wasting suggests a link between resistance to Mtb infection and healthy body composition. Our results provide insight into how humans may escape latent Mtb infection despite heavy exposure.
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46
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Papp AC, Azad AK, Pietrzak M, Williams A, Handelman SK, Igo RP, Stein CM, Hartmann K, Schlesinger LS, Sadee W. AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis of human alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages over time in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198221. [PMID: 29847580 PMCID: PMC5976201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar macrophages (HAM) are primary bacterial niche and immune response cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, and human blood monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) are a model for investigating M.tb-macrophage interactions. Here, we use a targeted RNA-Seq method to measure transcriptome-wide changes in RNA expression patterns of freshly obtained HAM (used within 6 h) and 6 day cultured MDM upon M.tb infection over time (2, 24 and 72 h), in both uninfected and infected cells from three donors each. The Ion AmpliSeq™ Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Kit (AmpliSeq) uses primers targeting 18,574 mRNAs and 2,228 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) for a total of 20,802 transcripts. AmpliSeqTM yields highly precise and reproducible gene expression profiles (R2 >0.99). Taking advantage of AmpliSeq's reproducibility, we establish well-defined quantitative RNA expression patterns of HAM versus MDM, including significant M.tb-inducible genes, in networks and pathways that differ in part between MDM and HAM. A similar number of expressed genes are detected at all time-points between uninfected MDM and HAM, in common pathways including inflammatory and immune functions, but canonical pathway differences also exist. In particular, at 2 h, multiple genes relevant to the immune response are preferentially expressed in either uninfected HAM or MDM, while the HAM RNA profiles approximate MDM profiles over time in culture, highlighting the unique RNA expression profile of freshly obtained HAM. MDM demonstrate a greater transcriptional response than HAM upon M.tb infection, with 2 to >10 times more genes up- or down-regulated. The results identify key genes involved in cellular responses to M.tb in two different human macrophage types. Follow-up bioinformatics analysis indicates that approximately 30% of response genes have expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs in GTEx), common DNA variants that can influence host gene expression susceptibility or resistance to M.tb, illustrated with the TREM1 gene cluster and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C. Papp
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abul K. Azad
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amanda Williams
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Samuel K. Handelman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Igo
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katherine Hartmann
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LSS); (WS)
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LSS); (WS)
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47
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Meermeier EW, Lewinsohn DM. Early clearance versus control: what is the meaning of a negative tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis? F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29904578 PMCID: PMC5974584 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13224.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The elimination of tuberculosis (TB) cannot reasonably be achieved by treatment of individual cases and will require an improved vaccine or immunotherapy. A challenge in developing an improved TB vaccine has been the lack of understanding what is needed to generate sterilizing immunity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Several epidemiological observations support the hypothesis that humans can eradicate Mtb following exposure. This has been termed early clearance and is defined as elimination of Mtb infection prior to the development of an adaptive immune response, as measured by a tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay. Here, we examine research into the likelihood of and possible mechanisms responsible for early clearance in household contacts of patients with active TB. We explore both innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung. Enhanced understanding of these mechanisms could be harnessed for the development of a preventative vaccine or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Meermeier
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
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48
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Stein CM, Sausville L, Wejse C, Sobota RS, Zetola NM, Hill PC, Boom WH, Scott WK, Sirugo G, Williams SM. Genomics of human pulmonary tuberculosis: from genes to pathways. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 5:149-166. [PMID: 29805915 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a major public health threat globally. Several lines of evidence support a role for host genetic factors in resistance/susceptibility to TB disease and MTB infection. However, results across candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are largely inconsistent, so a cohesive genetic model underlying TB risk has not emerged. Recent Findings Despite the difficulties in identifying consistent genetic associations, genetic studies of TB and MTB infection have revealed a few well-documented loci. These well validated genes are presented in this review, but there remains a large gap in how these genes translate into better understanding of TB. To address this, we present a pathway based extension of standard association analyses, seeding the results with the best validated genes from candidate gene and GWAS studies. Summary Several pathways were significantly enriched using pathway analyses that may help to explain population patterns of TB risk. In conclusion, we advocate for novel approaches to the study of host genetic analysis of TB that extend traditional association approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH.,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lindsay Sausville
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH
| | - Christian Wejse
- Dept of Infectious Diseases/Center for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nicola M Zetola
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,Department of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Philip C Hill
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - William K Scott
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH
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49
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Orlova M, Schurr E. Human Genomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 5:125-131. [PMID: 29201558 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review The study of the genetic basis of tuberculosis pathogenesis has benefited from powerful technological innovations, a more structured definition of latent and clinical manifestations of the disease, and the application of functional genomics approaches. This short review aims to summarize recent advances and to provide a link with results of previous human genetic studies of tuberculosis susceptibility. Recent findings Transcriptomics has been shown to be a useful tool to predict progression from latency to clinical disease while functional genomics has traced the molecular events that link pathogen-triggered gene expression and host genetics. Resistance to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been revealed to be strongly impacted by host genetics. Host genomics of clinical disease has been shown to be most powerful when focusing on carefully selected clinical entities and possibly by considering host pathogen combinations. Summary Future studies need to build on the latest molecular findings to define disease subtypes to successfully elucidate the human genetic component in tuberculosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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