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Andrew MK, Pott H, Staadegaard L, Paget J, Chaves SS, Ortiz JR, McCauley J, Bresee J, Nunes MC, Baumeister E, Raboni SM, Giamberardino HIG, McNeil SA, Gomez D, Zhang T, Vanhems P, Koul PA, Coulibaly D, Otieno NA, Dbaibo G, Almeida MLG, Laguna-Torres VA, Drăgănescu AC, Burtseva E, Sominina A, Danilenko D, Medić S, Diez-Domingo J, Lina B. Age Differences in Comorbidities, Presenting Symptoms, and Outcomes of Influenza Illness Requiring Hospitalization: A Worldwide Perspective From the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad244. [PMID: 37383245 PMCID: PMC10296081 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) was established in 2012 to conduct coordinated worldwide influenza surveillance. In this study, we describe underlying comorbidities, symptoms, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza. Methods Between November 2018 and October 2019, GIHSN included 19 sites in 18 countries using a standardized surveillance protocol. Influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the extent to which various risk factors predict severe outcomes. Results Of 16 022 enrolled patients, 21.9% had laboratory-confirmed influenza; 49.2% of influenza cases were A/H1N1pdm09. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, although they decreased with age (P < .001). Shortness of breath was uncommon among those <50 years but increased with age (P < .001). Middle and older age and history of underlying diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with increased odds of death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and male sex and influenza vaccination were associated with lower odds. The ICU admissions and mortality occurred across the age spectrum. Conclusions Both virus and host factors contributed to influenza burden. We identified age differences in comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and adverse clinical outcomes among those hospitalized with influenza and benefit from influenza vaccination in protecting against adverse clinical outcomes. The GIHSN provides an ongoing platform for global understanding of hospitalized influenza illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Andrew
- Correspondence: Melissa K. Andrew, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Dalhousie University, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E1, Canada (); Bruno Lina, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04, France ()
| | - Henrique Pott
- Dalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lisa Staadegaard
- Netherlands Institute for Health Care Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Care Research (Nivel), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra S Chaves
- Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, Fondation de France, Paris, France
| | - Justin R Ortiz
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Centre for Vaccine Equity, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines & Infectious Diseases Analytics (VIDA) Research Unit, and Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- National Reference Laboratory for Viral Respiratory Diseases, Virology Department, INEI-ANLIS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Mara Raboni
- Molecular Biology/Microbiology Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Heloisa I G Giamberardino
- Epidemiology, Immunization and Infection Control Department—Hospital Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Shelly A McNeil
- Dalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, Canada
| | - Doris Gomez
- Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Daouda Coulibaly
- Institut National d'Hygiène Publique (INHP), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Nancy A Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | | | - Elena Burtseva
- FSBI “N.F. Gamaleya NRCEM” Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Federal Research Budgetary Institute “National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Sominina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Danilenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Snežana Medić
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Bruno Lina
- Correspondence: Melissa K. Andrew, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Dalhousie University, 5955 Veterans Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS B3H 2E1, Canada (); Bruno Lina, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, 69317 CEDEX 04, France ()
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da Silva DBB, de Oliveira Santos KC, Benega MA, de Paiva TM. Differentiation of influenza B lineages circulating in different regions of Brazil, 2014 – 2016, using molecular assay. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100220. [PMID: 36246545 PMCID: PMC9558098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata) have been co-circulating worldwide since 2002. Virological surveillance is essential to differentiate between both lineages with a view to the annual updating of the B component for the trivalent or quadrivalent influenza vaccine composition. Methods The samples analyzed in the present study were collected by influenza sentinel units located in the Southeast, Midwest, North, and Northeast regions of Brazil, part of the National Influenza Virus Surveillance Network, coordinated by the Ministry of Health of Brazil. A total of 870 influenza B positive samples by reverse transcription real – time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), collected during 2014, 2015, and 2016 influenza seasons, were submitted to the influenza B lineage genotyping panel for characterization as B/Yamagata or Victoria lineages using RT-qPCR. Results Of the 197 samples analyzed in 2014, a total of 160 (81 %) corresponded to the B/Yamagata lineage, 19 (10 %) to the B/Victoria lineage, and 18 (9 %) to indeterminate lineages. Of the 190 samples analyzed in 2015, a total of 124 (65 %) corresponded to the B/Yamagata lineage; 55 (29 %) to the B/Victoria lineage, whereas 11 (6 %) were of indeterminate lineages. Of the 483 samples analyzed in 2016, a total of 297 (62 %) corresponded to the B /Victoria lineage; 174 (36 %) to the B/Yamagata lineage and 12 (2 %) to indeterminate lineages. This cross-sectional study revealed influenza B virus (IBV) infection in all age groups, and among them, the highest prevalence was observed in individuals between 11 and 49 years of age Our findings demonstrate the match between influenza B virus lineages recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the trivalent vaccine composition to be used in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the predominant circulating viruses during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margarete Aparecida Benega
- Respiratory Virus Laboratory/NDR/VC, Institute Adolfo Lutz, Brazil/Nacional Influenza Centre/World Health Organization
| | - Terezinha Maria de Paiva
- Respiratory Virus Laboratory/NDR/VC, Institute Adolfo Lutz, Brazil/Nacional Influenza Centre/World Health Organization
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Longitudinal surveillance of influenza in Japan, 2006-2016. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12026. [PMID: 35835833 PMCID: PMC9281223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We analysed 2006–2016 national influenza surveillance data in Japan with regards to age-, sex-, and predominant virus-related epidemic patterns and the prevalence of serum influenza virus antibodies. We found a significant increase in influenza prevalence in both children (≤ 19 years old) and adults (≥ 20 years old) over time. The influenza prevalence was higher in children (0.33 [95% CI 0.26–0.40]) than in adults (0.09 [95% CI 0.07–0.11]). Additionally, the mean prevalence of antibodies for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) was significantly higher in children than in adults, whereas the mean prevalence of antibodies for B lineages was relatively low in both children and adults. There was a biennial cycle of the epidemic peak in children, which was associated with a relatively higher prevalence of B lineages. The female-to-male ratios of the influenza prevalence were significantly different in children (≤ 19 years old; 1.10 [95% CI:1.08–1.13]), adults (20–59 years old; 0.79 [95% CI 0.75–0.82]), and older adults (≥ 60 years old; 1.01 [95% CI 0.97–1.04]). The significant increase in influenza prevalence throughout the study period suggests a change of immunity to influenza infection. Long-term surveillance is important for developing a strategy to monitor, prevent and control for influenza epidemics.
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Vaccine Mismatches, Viral Circulation, and Clinical Severity Patterns of Influenza B Victoria and Yamagata Infections in Brazil over the Decade 2010-2020: A Statistical and Phylogeny-Trait Analyses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071477. [PMID: 35891457 PMCID: PMC9321334 DOI: 10.3390/v14071477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, infections by influenza viruses are considered a major public health challenge. In this study, influenza B vaccine mismatches and clinical aspects of Victoria and Yamagata infections in Brazil were assessed. Clinical samples were collected from patients suspected of influenza infection. In addition, sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological information were collected by the epidemiological surveillance teams. Influenza B lineages were determined by real-time RT-PCR and/or Sanger sequencing. In addition, putative phylogeny−trait associations were assessed by using the BaTS program after phylogenetic reconstruction by a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (BEAST software package). Over 2010−2020, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like lineages co-circulated in almost all seasonal epidemics, with B/Victoria predominance in most years. Vaccine mismatches between circulating viruses and the trivalent vaccine strains occurred in five of the eleven seasons (45.5%). No significant differences were identified in clinical presentation or disease severity caused by both strains, but subjects infected by B/Victoria-like viruses were significantly younger than their B/Yamagata-like counterparts (16.7 vs. 31.4 years, p < 0.001). This study contributes to a better understanding of the circulation patterns and clinical outcomes of B/Victoria- and B/Yamagata-like lineages in Brazil and advocate for the inclusion of a quadrivalent vaccine in the scope of the Brazilian National Immunization Program.
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Abo Shama NM, Mahmoud SH, Bagato O, AbdElsalam ET, Alkhazindar M, Kandeil A, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Ali MA, Kayali G, El-Shesheny R. Incidence and neutralizing antibody seroprevalence of influenza B virus in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269321. [PMID: 35767564 PMCID: PMC9242516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2000, two lineages of influenza B viruses, Victoria and Yamagata, have been circulating at similar frequencies worldwide. Little is known about the circulation of those viruses in Egypt. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of influenza B virus infections in Egypt, 2017–2019. This was performed through a household prospective cohort study on influenza infections among 2400 individuals from five villages. When a study participant had influenza like symptoms, a nasal swab and an oropharyngeal swab were obtained and tested by RT-PCR for influenza B infections. A serum sample was obtained from all participants annually to detect neutralizing antibodies using microneutralization assay. 9.1% of subjects were positive for influenza B viruses during season 2017–2018 mostly among preschoolers and 7.6% were positive during the season 2018–2019 with higher risk in females, potentially due to mothers being infected after contact with their children. The overall seroprevalence among the participants was 53.2% and 52.2% against the Victoria and Yamagata lineages respectively, the majority of seropositive participants were students. Multivariate analysis showed that age and having chronic diseases were the strongest predictors of infection. Our results show that both influenza B lineages circulated between 2017 and 2020 in Egypt almost in equal proportion. Encouraging the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccines is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura M. Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola Bagato
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Riems, Germany
| | - Elsayed Tarek AbdElsalam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Alkhazindar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Pamela P. McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail: (GK); (RE)
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Epidemiology and Molecular Analyses of Influenza B Viruses in Senegal from 2010 to 2019. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051063. [PMID: 35632804 PMCID: PMC9143141 DOI: 10.3390/v14051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus types A and B are responsible for acute viral infections that affect annually 1 billion people, with 290,000 to 650,000 deaths worldwide. In this study, we investigated the circulation of influenza B viruses over a 10-year period (2010–2019). Specimens from patients suspected of influenza infection were collected. Influenza detection was performed following RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR. Genes coding for hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza B viruses were partially sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were carried out subsequently. During the study period, we received and tested a total of 15,156 specimens. Influenza B virus was detected in 1322 (8.7%) specimens. The mean age of influenza B positive patients was 10.9 years. When compared to reference viruses, HA genes from Senegalese circulating viruses showed deletions in the HA1 region. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted the co-circulation of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineage viruses with reassortant viruses. We also noted a clear seasonal pattern of circulation of influenza B viruses in Senegal.
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Hellferscee O, Treurnicht F, Gaelejwe L, Moerdyk A, Reubenson G, McMorrow M, Tempia S, McAnerney J, Walaza S, Wolter N, von Gottberg A, Cohen C. Detection of Victoria lineage influenza B viruses with K162 and N163 deletions in the hemagglutinin gene, South Africa, 2018. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e367. [PMID: 34557595 PMCID: PMC8448392 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A group of Victoria lineage influenza B viruses with a two amino acid deletion in the hemagglutinin (HA) at residues K162 and N163, was detected during the 2016 to 2017 Northern Hemisphere influenza season and continues to spread geographically. We describe the first identification of viruses with these deletions from South Africa in 2018. METHODS Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from the syndromic surveillance programs. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used for virus detection and lineage determination. Influenza genetic characterization was done using next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform. The duration of virus circulation was determined using thresholds calculated using the Moving Epidemic Method; duration was used as an indicator of disease transmissibility and impact. RESULTS In 2018, 42% (426/1015) of influenza-positive specimens were influenza B viruses. Of 426 influenza B-positive samples, 376 (88%) had the lineage determined of which 75% (283/376) were Victoria lineage. The transmissibility of the 2018 South African influenza season was high for a few weeks, although the severity remained moderate through most of the season. The sequenced 2018 South African Victoria lineage influenza B viruses clustered in sub-clade V1A.1 with the 162-163 deletions. CONCLUSIONS We report the first detection of the 162-163 deletion variant of influenza B/Victoria viruses from South Africa in 2018, and suggest that this deletion variant replaced the previous circulating influenza B/Victoria viruses. These deletions putatively affect the antigenic properties of the viruses because they border an immune-dominant region at the tip of the HA. Therefore, close monitoring of these newly emerging viruses is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orienka Hellferscee
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Florette Treurnicht
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Lucinda Gaelejwe
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Alexandra Moerdyk
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Gary Reubenson
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Meredith McMorrow
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Influenza ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Influenza ProgramCenters for Disease Control and PreventionPretoriaSouth Africa
- MassGenicsDuluthGeorgiaUSA
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Johanna McAnerney
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Nicole Wolter
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
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Lagare A, Rajatonirina S, Testa J, Mamadou S. The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1514-1536. [PMID: 34394213 PMCID: PMC8351825 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza infection is a serious public health problem that causes an estimated 3 to 5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide every year. The epidemiology of influenza is well-documented in high- and middle-income countries, however minimal effort had been made to understand the epidemiology, burden and seasonality of influenza in Africa. This study aims to assess the state of knowledge of seasonal influenza epidemiology in Africa and identify potential data gaps for policy formulation following the 2009 pandemic. Method We reviewed articles from Africa published into four databases namely: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scientific Research Publishing from 2010 to 2019. Results We screened titles and abstracts of 2070 studies of which 311 were selected for full content evaluation and 199 studies were considered. Selected articles varied substantially on the basis of the topics they addressed covering the field of influenza surveillance (n=80); influenza risk factors and co-morbidities (n=15); influenza burden (n=37); influenza vaccination (n=40); influenza and other respiratory pathogens (n=22) and influenza diagnosis (n=5). Conclusion Significant progress has been made since the last pandemic in understanding the influenza epidemiology in Africa. However, efforts still remain for most countries to have sufficient data to allow countries to prioritize strategies for influenza prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamou Lagare
- Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Jean Testa
- Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger
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Jung SW, Kim YJ, Han SB, Lee KY, Kang JH. Differences in the age distribution of influenza B virus infection according to influenza B virus lineages in the Korean population. Postgrad Med 2020; 133:82-88. [PMID: 32945235 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1825295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the 2000s, two lineages of the influenza B virus (influenza B/Victoria and influenza B/Yamagata) have been co-circulating. Information on the age distribution of patients infected by each influenza B virus lineage may be helpful for establishing differentiated influenza prevention and control strategies for each age group. METHODS Age distributions were compared between patients infected by influenza A and B viruses and between those infected by the influenza B virus when B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages circulated dominantly. RESULTS Between the 2014-2015 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons, 2,718 and 1,397 patients were diagnosed with influenza A and B virus infections, respectively. The median age of patients infected by the influenza B virus was lower than that of patients infected by the influenza A virus (8 vs 12 years, p < 0.001). In the Yamagata season, the median ages of patients infected by influenza A and B viruses were similar (12 vs 11 years, p = 0.732); however, in the Victoria season, the median age of patients infected by the influenza B virus was lower than that of patients infected by the influenza A virus (6 vs 10 years, p < 0.001). In patients infected by the influenza B virus, patients aged <6 years and those aged ≥6 years were more likely to be infected during the Victoria and Yamagata seasons, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The age distribution of patients infected by the influenza virus was different between the Yamagata and Victoria seasons. Different influenza prevention and control strategies should be considered on the basis of the predominantly circulating virus and the affected age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Beom Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nyasimi FM, Owuor DC, Ngoi JM, Mwihuri AG, Otieno GP, Otieno JR, Githinji G, Nyiro JU, Nokes DJ, Agoti CN. Epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza B virus in coastal Kenya as revealed by genomic analysis of strains sampled over a single season. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa045. [PMID: 33747542 PMCID: PMC7959010 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic epidemiology of influenza B virus (IBV) remains understudied in Africa despite significance to design of effective local and global control strategies. We undertook surveillance throughout 2016 in coastal Kenya, recruiting individuals presenting with acute respiratory illness at nine outpatient health facilities (any age) or admitted to the Kilifi County Hospital (<5 years old). Whole genomes were sequenced for a selected 111 positives; 94 (84.7%) of B/Victoria lineage and 17 (15.3%) of B/Yamagata lineage. Inter-lineage reassortment was detected in ten viruses; nine with B/Yamagata backbone but B/Victoria NA and NP segments and one with a B/Victoria backbone but B/Yamagata PB2, PB1, PA, and MP segments. Five phylogenomic clusters were identified among the sequenced viruses; (i), pure B/Victoria clade 1A (n = 93, 83.8%), (ii), reassortant B/Victoria clade 1A (n = 1, 0.9%), (iii), pure B/Yamagata clade 2 (n = 2, 1.8%), (iv), pure B/Yamagata clade 3 (n = 6, 5.4%), and (v), reassortant B/Yamagata clade 3 (n = 9, 8.1%). Using divergence dates and clustering patterns in the presence of global background sequences, we counted up to twenty-nine independent IBV strain introductions into the study area (∼900 km2) in 2016. Local viruses, including the reassortant B/Yamagata strains, clustered closely with viruses from neighbouring Tanzania and Uganda. Our study demonstrated that genomic analysis provides a clearer picture of locally circulating IBV diversity. The high number of IBV introductions highlights the challenge in controlling local influenza epidemics by targeted approaches, for example, sub-population vaccination or patient quarantine. The finding of divergent IBV strains co-circulating within a single season emphasises why broad immunity vaccines are the most ideal for influenza control in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Festus M Nyasimi
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, P.O. Box 195, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - David Collins Owuor
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - Joyce M Ngoi
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - Alexander G Mwihuri
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - Grieven P Otieno
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - James R Otieno
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - George Githinji
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - Joyce U Nyiro
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
| | - David James Nokes
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, P.O. Box 195, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
- School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4, 7AL, UK
| | - Charles N Agoti
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, P.O. Box 195, Kilifi-80108, Kenya
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Rivas MJ, Alegretti M, Cóppola L, Ramas V, Chiparelli H, Goñi N. Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of Circulating Influenza B Viruses in Uruguay, 2012-2019. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040591. [PMID: 32325860 PMCID: PMC7232498 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBV) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality during interpandemic periods in the human population. Two phylogenetically distinct IBV lineages, B/Yamagata and B/Victoria, co-circulate worldwide and they present challenges for vaccine strain selection. Until the present study, there was little information regarding the pattern of the circulating strains of IBV in Uruguay. A subset of positive influenza B samples from influenza-like illness (ILI) outpatients and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) inpatients detected in sentinel hospitals in Uruguay during 2012–2019 were selected. The sequencing of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes showed substitutions at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the co-circulation of both lineages in almost all seasonal epidemics in Uruguay, and allows recognizing a lineage-level vaccine mismatch in approximately one-third of the seasons studied. The epidemiological results show that the proportion of IBV found in ILI was significantly higher than the observed in SARI cases across different groups of age (9.7% ILI, 3.2% SARI) and patients between 5–14 years constituted the majority (33%) of all influenza B infection (p < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that individuals >25 years were particularly vulnerable to Yamagata lineage infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Rivas
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Miguel Alegretti
- Departamento de Vigilancia en Salud, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay;
| | - Leticia Cóppola
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Viviana Ramas
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Héctor Chiparelli
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
| | - Natalia Goñi
- Centro Nacional de Referencia de Influenza, Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay; (M.J.R.); (L.C.); (V.R.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-99191211
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2017/2018 season. The detection and typing/subtyping of influenza viruses were performed using real-time RT-PCR. Results of antigenic characterisation, phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses of representative influenza strains are presented. The season was characterised by the predominance of B/Yamagata viruses, accounting for 77% of detected influenza viruses, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 (17%), B/Victoria (3.7%) and A(H3N2) (2.4%). The sequenced B/Yamagata, B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses belonged to the genetic groups 3, 1A, 6B.1 and 3C.2a1, respectively. Amino acid analysis of B/Yamagata isolates revealed the presence of three changes in haemagglutinin (HA), eight changes in neuraminidase (NA) and a number of substitutions in internal proteins compared with the B/Phucket/3073/2013 vaccine virus. Despite the amino acid changes, B/Yamagata viruses remained antigenically related to the vaccine strain. B/Victoria isolates fell into a group of viruses with double deletion (Δ162–163) in HA1. Substitutions in HA and NA sequences of B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were also identified compared with the vaccine strains, including in antigenic sites. The results of this study confirm the genetic variability of circulating influenza viruses and the need for continual antigenic and molecular surveillance.
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Rodrigues Guimarães Alves V, Kleber de Souza Luna L, Santiago Cruz J, Helena Perosa A, Bellei N. Influenza B viral load analysis in patients with acute respiratory infection from a tertiary hospital in Brazil. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1350-1354. [PMID: 31803951 PMCID: PMC7228353 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Currently, 2 genotypes of Influenza B viruses (IFB) are cocirculating in humans: Victoria (VIC) and Yamagata (YAM). Infection and viral load (VL) were analyzed in 105 genotyped IFB (59 VIC and 46 YAM) out of 3452 respiratory samples from immunodepressed (ID), immunocompetent (IC) including outpatients (OP) and hospitalized patients (HP) attended during 2001-2013 at São Paulo Hospital. VL (Log10 RNA copies/mL) calculation was possible in 78 samples (47 VIC, 31 YAM). The age group of 12 to 18 years presented the highest detection (14.13%). Rates of infection among groups were of 3.67% (IC), 1.68% (ID), 3.50% (OP), 0.6% (HP), and VLs varied from 2.8 to 10.13 with no difference regarding age, immune status, and disease severity. From 10 OP vaccinated against influenza, 8 (7 children, 1 ID) received a matching strain shot (VIC), and 2 a monovalent influenza A H1N1pdm09. Those patients presented a VL of 6.31 ± 1.62 (mean ± SD). IFB infection rates follow an age pattern, but VL seems not to be related to frequency or clinical outcome. IFB patients with previous immunization could point to some protection for VIC infections since there was no HP. Other immunological aspects, such as lineage infection immune priming, previous infections, and vaccinations, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Rodrigues Guimarães Alves
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Santiago Cruz
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nancy Bellei
- Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Emukule GO, Otiato F, Nyawanda BO, Otieno NA, Ochieng CA, Ndegwa LK, Muturi P, Bigogo G, Verani JR, Muthoka PM, Hunsperger E, Chaves SS. The Epidemiology and Burden of Influenza B/Victoria and B/Yamagata Lineages in Kenya, 2012-2016. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz421. [PMID: 31660376 PMCID: PMC6804754 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of influenza B virus circulation in Sub-Saharan Africa is not well described. Methods We analyzed data from acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Kenya. We assessed clinical features and age-specific hospitalization and outpatient visit rates by person-years for influenza B/Victoria and B/Yamagata and the extent to which circulating influenza B lineages in Kenya matched the vaccine strain component of the corresponding season (based on Northern Hemisphere [October–March] and Southern Hemisphere [April–September] vaccine availability). Results From 2012 to 2016, influenza B represented 31% of all influenza-associated ARIs detected (annual range, 13–61%). Rates of influenza B hospitalization and outpatient visits were higher for <5 vs ≥5 years. Among <5 years, B/Victoria was associated with pneumonia hospitalization (64% vs 44%; P = .010) and in-hospital mortality (6% vs 0%; P = .042) compared with B/Yamagata, although the mean annual hospitalization rate for B/Victoria was comparable to that estimated for B/Yamagata. The 2 lineages co-circulated, and there were mismatches with available trivalent influenza vaccines in 2/9 seasons assessed. Conclusions Influenza B causes substantial burden in Kenya, particularly among children aged <5 years, in whom B/Victoria may be associated with increased severity. Our findings suggest a benefit from including both lineages when considering influenza vaccination in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon O Emukule
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Kenya Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Nancy A Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu and Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Linus K Ndegwa
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Kenya Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Godfrey Bigogo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu and Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Kenya Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elizabeth Hunsperger
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Kenya Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sandra S Chaves
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Kenya Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya.,Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Caini S, Kusznierz G, Garate VV, Wangchuk S, Thapa B, de Paula Júnior FJ, Ferreira de Almeida WA, Njouom R, Fasce RA, Bustos P, Feng L, Peng Z, Araya JL, Bruno A, de Mora D, Barahona de Gámez MJ, Pebody R, Zambon M, Higueros R, Rivera R, Kosasih H, Castrucci MR, Bella A, Kadjo HA, Daouda C, Makusheva A, Bessonova O, Chaves SS, Emukule GO, Heraud JM, Razanajatovo NH, Barakat A, El Falaki F, Meijer A, Donker GA, Huang QS, Wood T, Balmaseda A, Palekar R, Arévalo BM, Rodrigues AP, Guiomar R, Lee VJM, Ang LW, Cohen C, Treurnicht F, Mironenko A, Holubka O, Bresee J, Brammer L, Le MTQ, Hoang PVM, El Guerche-Séblain C, Paget J. The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222381. [PMID: 31513690 PMCID: PMC6742362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the epidemiological characteristics, pattern of circulation, and geographical distribution of influenza B viruses and its lineages using data from the Global Influenza B Study. We included over 1.8 million influenza cases occurred in thirty-one countries during 2000–2018. We calculated the proportion of cases caused by influenza B and its lineages; determined the timing of influenza A and B epidemics; compared the age distribution of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata cases; and evaluated the frequency of lineage-level mismatch for the trivalent vaccine. The median proportion of influenza cases caused by influenza B virus was 23.4%, with a tendency (borderline statistical significance, p = 0.060) to be higher in tropical vs. temperate countries. Influenza B was the dominant virus type in about one every seven seasons. In temperate countries, influenza B epidemics occurred on average three weeks later than influenza A epidemics; no consistent pattern emerged in the tropics. The two B lineages caused a comparable proportion of influenza B cases globally, however the B/Yamagata was more frequent in temperate countries, and the B/Victoria in the tropics (p = 0.048). B/Yamagata patients were significantly older than B/Victoria patients in almost all countries. A lineage-level vaccine mismatch was observed in over 40% of seasons in temperate countries and in 30% of seasons in the tropics. The type B virus caused a substantial proportion of influenza infections globally in the 21st century, and its two virus lineages differed in terms of age and geographical distribution of patients. These findings will help inform health policy decisions aiming to reduce disease burden associated with seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriela Kusznierz
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Emilio Coni", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Binay Thapa
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigo A. Fasce
- Sub-Department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Sub-Department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luzhao Feng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jenny Lara Araya
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), National Reference Centre for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Agricultural University of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Doménica de Mora
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), National Reference Centre for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Maria Zambon
- Public Health England, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Higueros
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Maria Rita Castrucci
- National Influenza Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Bella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Hervé A. Kadjo
- Department of Epidemic Virus, Institut Pasteur, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Coulibaly Daouda
- Service of Epidemiological Diseases Surveillance, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ainash Makusheva
- National Center of Expertise, Committee of Public Health Protection, Ministry of Health, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bessonova
- National Center of Expertise, Committee of Public Health Protection, Ministry of Health, Uralsk City, Kazakhstan
| | - Sandra S. Chaves
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gideon O. Emukule
- Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Michel Heraud
- National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Norosoa H. Razanajatovo
- National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Amal Barakat
- National Influenza Center, Institut National d'Hygiène, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Falaki
- National Influenza Center, Institut National d'Hygiène, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gé A. Donker
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Q. Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Weillngton, New Zealand
| | - Tim Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Weillngton, New Zealand
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Rakhee Palekar
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | | | - Ana Paula Rodrigues
- Department of epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- National Influenza Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Li Wei Ang
- Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florette Treurnicht
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alla Mironenko
- L.V.Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Department of Respiratory and other Viral Infections, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Holubka
- L.V.Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Department of Respiratory and other Viral Infections, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mai T. Q. Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain
- Global Vaccine Epidemiology and Modeling Department (VEM), Franchise Epidemiologist, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Comparative global epidemiology of influenza, respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, 2010-2015. J Infect 2019; 79:373-382. [PMID: 31323249 PMCID: PMC7112594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve our understanding of the global epidemiology of common respiratory viruses by analysing their contemporaneous incidence at multiple sites. METHODS 2010-2015 incidence data for influenza A (IAV), influenza B (IBV), respiratory syncytial (RSV) and parainfluenza (PIV) virus infections were collected from 18 sites (14 countries), consisting of local (n = 6), regional (n = 9) and national (n = 3) laboratories using molecular diagnostic methods. Each site submitted monthly virus incidence data, together with details of their patient populations tested and diagnostic assays used. RESULTS For the Northern Hemisphere temperate countries, the IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks were 2-6 months out of phase with those in the Southern Hemisphere, with IAV having a sharp out-of-phase difference at 6 months, whereas IBV and RSV showed more variable out-of-phase differences of 2-6 months. The tropical sites Singapore and Kuala Lumpur showed fluctuating incidence of these viruses throughout the year, whereas subtropical sites such as Hong Kong, Brisbane and Sydney showed distinctive biannual peaks for IAV but not for RSV and PIV. CONCLUSIONS There was a notable pattern of synchrony of IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks globally, and within countries with multiple sampling sites (Canada, UK, Australia), despite significant distances between these sites.
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Koul PA, Potdar V, Showkat M, Mir H, Chadha MS. Influenza B in a temperate region of northern India 2010-2016: co-circulation of the two lineages with northern hemispherical seasonality. Virusdisease 2018; 29:553-559. [PMID: 30539062 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scant data exist about the epidemiology of influenza B in India. We set out to address the epidemiology of influenza B in a temperate region of northern India from 2010 to 2016. Outpatient and inpatient surveillance was conducted in patients presenting with acute respiratory infection in a northern Indian hospital from September 2010 till April 2016. After recording clinical data, combined nasal/throat swabs were collected and tested for influenza viruses by real time RT-PCR. Influenza A viruses were further subtyped into A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 whereas influenza B were differentiated into B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. Virus isolation, haemaggglutination inhibition testing, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on representative samples. Of the 6879 recruited cases, influenza B was detected in 299 (4.3%). The patients presented with respiratory symptoms of varying duration; cough, fever and nasal discharge being the most common. The peaking of the activity of the circulation showed a correlation with the onset of the winter with reduced temperatures and high dry humidity. B/Victoria lineage was detected in 35.4% (n = 106/299) whereas 53.8% (n = 161/299) were B/Yamagata. The circulation in each season was dominated by one lineage which correlated with the vaccine strain, but up to 37% consisted of a different lineage. We conclude that Influenza B exhibits a northern hemispherical seasonality in temperate northern India with co-circulation of the 2 lineages of influenza B. These findings have relevance for vaccine effectiveness and argue for vaccination with a quadrivalent influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz A Koul
- 1Influenza Laboratory, Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K 190011 India
| | - Varsha Potdar
- 2National Institute of Virology, Pune, Mahrashtra India
| | - Masooma Showkat
- 1Influenza Laboratory, Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K 190011 India
| | - Hyder Mir
- 1Influenza Laboratory, Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K 190011 India
| | - M S Chadha
- 2National Institute of Virology, Pune, Mahrashtra India
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Ye F, Chen XJ, Guan WD, Pan SH, Yang ZF, Chen RC. Analysis of influenza B virus lineages and the HA1 domain of its hemagglutinin gene in Guangzhou, southern China, during 2016. Virol J 2018; 15:175. [PMID: 30428893 PMCID: PMC6236879 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have analyzed influenza B virus lineages based on hemagglutinin A (HA) gene sequences in southern China. The present study analyzed the HA gene and the lineages of influenza B virus isolates from Guangzhou during 2016, and compared our results with the WHO-recommended vaccine strain. Methods Ninety patients with influenza B were recruited from the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Throat swab specimens of 72 patients had high viral loads. Among these 72 isolates, the HA1 domain of the HA gene in 43 randomly selected isolates was sequenced using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and analyzed using MEGA 5.05. Results Eight of the 90 patients (8.9%) also had influenza A virus infections. Analysis of the 43 influenza B virus isolates indicated that 34 (79.1%) were from the Victoria lineage and 9 (20.9%) were from the Yamagata lineage. A comparison isolates in our Victoria lineage with the B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain indicated 12 mutation sites in the HA1 domain, 4 of which (I132V, N144D, C196S, and E198D) were in antigenic epitopes. A comparison of isolates in our Yamagata lineage with the B/Phuket/3073/2013 stain indicated 5 mutation sites in the HA1 domain, none of which was in an antigenic epitope. None of the isolates had a mutation in regions of the neuraminidase gene (NA) that are known to confer resistance to NA inhibitors. Conclusion In Guangzhou during 2016, most influenza B virus isolates were from the Victoria lineage, in contrast to the vaccine strain recommended by the WHO for this period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1085-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-da Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Hua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yan Jiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
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Treurnicht FK, Buys A, Tempia S, Seleka M, Cohen AL, Walaza S, Glass AJ, Rossouw I, McAnerney J, Blumberg L, Cohen C, Venter M. Replacement of neuraminidase inhibitor-susceptible influenza A(H1N1) with resistant phenotype in 2008 and circulation of susceptible influenza A and B viruses during 2009-2013, South Africa. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 13:54-63. [PMID: 30218485 PMCID: PMC6304311 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the susceptibility of influenza viruses from South Africa to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are scarce, and no extensive analysis was done. Objectives We aimed to determine oseltamivir and zanamivir susceptibility of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases (NAs), 2007‐2013, South Africa. Patients/Methods We enrolled participants through national influenza‐like illness surveillance, 2007‐2013. Influenza diagnosis was by virus isolation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Drug susceptibility was determined by chemiluminescence‐based NA‐STAR/NA‐XTD assay. Sanger sequencing was used to determine molecular markers of NAI resistance. Results Forty percent (6341/15 985) of participants were positive for influenza viruses using virus isolation (2007‐2009) and qPCR (2009‐2013) methods. A total of 1236/6341 (19.5%) virus isolates were generated of which 307/1236 (25%) were tested for drug susceptibility. During 2007‐2008, the median 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of oseltamivir for seasonal influenza A(H1N1) increased from of 0.08 nmol/L (range 0.01‐3.60) in 2007 to 73 nmol/L (range 1.56‐305 nmol/L) in 2008. Influenza A isolates from 2009 to 2013 were susceptible to oseltamivir [A(H3N2) median IC50 = 0.05 nmol/L (range 0.01‐0.08); A(H1N1)pdm09 = 0.11 nmol/L (range 0.01‐0.78)] and zanamivir [A(H3N2) median IC50 = 0.56 nmol/L (range 0.47‐0.66); A(H1N1)pdm09 = 0.35 nmol/L (range 0.27‐0.533)]. Influenza B viruses were susceptible to both NAIs. NAI resistance‐associated substitutions H275Y, E119V, and R150K (N1 numbering) were not detected in influenza A viruses that circulated in 2009‐2013. Conclusions We confirm replacement of NAI susceptible by resistant phenotype influenza A(H1N1) in 2008. Influenza A and B viruses (2009‐2013) remained susceptible to NAIs; therefore, these drugs are useful for treating influenza‐infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florette K Treurnicht
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amelia Buys
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mpho Seleka
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, Global Immunization Monitoring and Surveillance, Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Allison J Glass
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Inéz Rossouw
- PathCare Laboratories, PathCare Park, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johanna McAnerney
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Department of Medical Virology, Emerging Arbo-and Respiratory Virus Program, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
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20
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von Mollendorf C, Hellferscee O, Valley-Omar Z, Treurnicht FK, Walaza S, Martinson NA, Lebina L, Mothlaoleng K, Mahlase G, Variava E, Cohen AL, Venter M, Cohen C, Tempia S. Influenza Viral Shedding in a Prospective Cohort of HIV-Infected and Uninfected Children and Adults in 2 Provinces of South Africa, 2012-2014. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1228-1237. [PMID: 29800425 PMCID: PMC6498143 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged shedding of influenza viruses may be associated with increased transmissibility and resistance mutation acquisition due to therapy. We compared duration and magnitude of influenza shedding between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected individuals. Methods A prospective cohort study during 3 influenza seasons enrolled patients with influenza-like illness and a positive influenza rapid test. Influenza viruses were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Weibull accelerated failure time regression models were used to describe influenza virus shedding. Mann-Whitney U tests explored initial influenza viral loads (VL). Results Influenza virus shedding duration was similar in 65 HIV-infected (6 days; interquartile range [IQR] 3-10) and 176 HIV-uninfected individuals (7 days; IQR 4-11; P = .97), as was initial influenza VL (HIV-uninfected 5.28 ± 1.33 log10 copies/mL, HIV-infected 4.73 ± 1.68 log10 copies/mL; P = .08). Adjusted for age, HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 counts shed influenza virus for longer than those with higher counts (adjusted hazard ratio 3.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-12.08). Discussion A longer duration of influenza virus shedding in HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 counts may suggest a possible increased risk for transmission or viral evolution in severely immunocompromised individuals. HIV-infected individuals should be prioritized for annual influenza immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire von Mollendorf
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - Orienka Hellferscee
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - Ziyaad Valley-Omar
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town
| | - Florette K Treurnicht
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - Neil A Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Medical Research Council Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Medical Research Council Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - Katlego Mothlaoleng
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Medical Research Council Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | | | - Ebrahim Variava
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
- Department of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital, North West Province
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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21
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Tivane A, Daniels R, Nguenha N, Machalele L, Nacoto A, Pale M, Mateonane E, Mavale S, Chilundo J, Muteto D, Salência J, Albati F, Gudo E, Mussá T, McCauley J. Antigenic and genetic characterization of influenza viruses isolated in Mozambique during the 2015 season. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201248. [PMID: 30048502 PMCID: PMC6062064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high rate of antigenic variation of influenza virus, seasonal characterization of the virus is crucial to assess and monitor the emergence of new pathogenic variants and hence formulate effective control measures. However, no study has yet been conducted in Mozambique to assess genetic, antigenic and antiviral susceptibility profile of influenza virus. METHODS A subset of samples (n = 20) from influenza positive children detected in two hospitals in Maputo city during 2015 season as part of the implementation of influenza surveillance system, were selected. The following assays were performed on these samples: antigenic characterization by hemagglutination inhibition assay, genetic characterization by Sanger sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) and susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir (NA inhibitors) by enzymatic assay. RESULTS The A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype viruses remained closely related antigenically and genetically to the 2016 vaccine virus A/California/7/2009 and other widely distributed viruses belonging to genetic group 6B. The majority of influenza A(H3N2) viruses studied were antigenically similar to the 2016-2017 vaccine virus, A/Hong Kong/4801/2014, and their HA and NA gene sequences fell into genetic subclade 3C.2a being closely related to viruses circulating in southern Africa. The influenza B viruses were antigenically similar to the 2016 season vaccine virus and HA sequences of all three fell into the B/Yamagata-lineage, clade 3, but contained NA genes of the B/Victoria-lineage. All tested viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. CONCLUSION Overall, all Mozambican influenza A and B viruses were most closely related to Southern African viruses and all were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. These findings suggest the existence of an ecological niche of influenza viruses within the region and hence highlighting the need for joint epidemiologic and virologic surveillance to monitor the evolution of influenza viruses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dogs
- Female
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Infant
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza A virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/drug effects
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Male
- Mozambique/epidemiology
- Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Oseltamivir/pharmacology
- Oseltamivir/therapeutic use
- Phylogeny
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Zanamivir/pharmacology
- Zanamivir/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Almiro Tivane
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rodney Daniels
- Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neuza Nguenha
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Loira Machalele
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Afonso Nacoto
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mirela Pale
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Edirsse Mateonane
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sandra Mavale
- Pediatric Department, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Josina Chilundo
- Pediatric Department, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Délcio Muteto
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Judite Salência
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Félix Albati
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Eduardo Gudo
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Technologic Platforms, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John McCauley
- Francis Crick Institute, Worldwide Influenza Centre, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Tan J, Asthagiri Arunkumar G, Krammer F. Universal influenza virus vaccines and therapeutics: where do we stand with influenza B virus? Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:45-50. [PMID: 29677684 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of a broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccine is currently a public health priority worldwide. The vast majority of these efforts is exclusively focused on influenza A viruses. While influenza A viruses cause the majority of all influenza cases worldwide, influenza B viruses should not be ignored. Approximately 25% of all influenza cases are caused by influenza B viruses which circulate as two distinct B/Victoria/2/87-like and B/Yamagata/16/88-like lineages. In contrast to popular belief, influenza B cases frequently cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in children. Similar to influenza A viruses, influenza B viruses drift antigenically and the influenza B components of current vaccines have to be reformulated almost on an annual basis. A broadly protective vaccine against influenza B viruses is therefore urgently needed. Here we review both broadly protective anti-influenza B antibodies as well as the sparse attempts to create a universal influenza B virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Guha Asthagiri Arunkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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23
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Skowronski DM, Chambers C, De Serres G, Sabaiduc S, Winter AL, Dickinson JA, Gubbay JB, Fonseca K, Drews SJ, Charest H, Martineau C, Krajden M, Petric M, Bastien N, Li Y. Age-Related Differences in Influenza B Infection by Lineage in a Community-Based Sentinel System, 2010-2011 to 2015-2016, Canada. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:697-702. [PMID: 28934439 PMCID: PMC5853978 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related differences in influenza B lineage detection were explored in the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) from 2010–2011 to 2015–2016. Whereas >80% of B(Victoria) cases were <40 years old, B(Yamagata) cases showed a bimodal age distribution with 27% who were <20 years old and 61% who were 30–64 years old, but with a notable gap in cases between 20 and 29 years old (4%). Overall, the median age was 20 years lower for B(Victoria) vs B(Yamagata) cases (20 vs 40 years; P < .01). Additional phylodynamic and immuno-epidemiological research is needed to understand age-related variation in influenza B risk by lineage, with potential implications for prevention and control across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | | | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec.,Laval University.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec City
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Fonseca
- University of Calgary, Alberta.,Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Calgary
| | - Steven J Drews
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory, Edmonton.,University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | | | | | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | | | - Nathalie Bastien
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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