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Tiktak GP, Gabb A, Brandt M, Diz FR, Bravo-Vásquez K, Peñaherrera-Palma C, Valdiviezo-Rivera J, Carlisle A, Melling LM, Cain B, Megson D, Preziosi R, Shaw KJ. Genetic identification of three CITES-listed sharks using a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300383. [PMID: 38574082 PMCID: PMC10994358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Threatened shark species are caught in large numbers by artisanal and commercial fisheries and traded globally. Monitoring both which shark species are caught and sold in fisheries, and the export of CITES-restricted products, are essential in reducing illegal fishing. Current methods for species identification rely on visual examination by experts or DNA barcoding techniques requiring specialist laboratory facilities and trained personnel. The need for specialist equipment and/or input from experts means many markets are currently not monitored. We have developed a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) to facilitate identification of three threatened and CITES-listed sharks, bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus), pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) at market source. DNA was successfully extracted from shark meat and fin samples and combined with DNA amplification and visualisation using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) on the LOC. This resulted in the successful identification of the target species of sharks in under an hour, with a working positive and negative control. The LOC provided a simple "yes" or "no" result via a colour change from pink to yellow when one of the target species was present. The LOC serves as proof-of-concept (PoC) for field-based species identification as it does not require specialist facilities. It can be used by non-scientifically trained personnel, especially in areas where there are suspected high frequencies of mislabelling or for the identification of dried shark fins in seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guuske P. Tiktak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandria Gabb
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Brandt
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando R. Diz
- Marine Conservation Program, WWF Fisheries Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Karla Bravo-Vásquez
- Plan de Acción Nacional para la Conservación y el Manejo de Tiburones de Ecuador, Viceministerio de Acuacultura y Pesca, Ministerio de Producción, Comercio Exterior, Inversiones y Pesca, Puerto Pesquero Artesanal de San Mateo, Manta, Manabí, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Aaron Carlisle
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Louise M. Melling
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Cain
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Megson
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Preziosi
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J. Shaw
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Selena Shen KL, Cheow JJ, Cheung AB, Koh RJR, Koh Xiao Mun A, Lee YN, Lim YZ, Namatame M, Peng E, Vintenbakh V, Lim EX, Wainwright BJ. DNA barcoding continues to identify endangered species of shark sold as food in a globally significant shark fin trade hub. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16647. [PMID: 38188178 PMCID: PMC10771092 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Shark fins are a delicacy consumed throughout Southeast Asia. The life history characteristics of sharks and the challenges associated with regulating fisheries and the fin trade make sharks particularly susceptible to overfishing. Here, we used DNA barcoding techniques to investigate the composition of the shark fin trade in Singapore, a globally significant trade hub. We collected 505 shark fin samples from 25 different local seafood and Traditional Chinese Medicine shops. From this, we identified 27 species of shark, three species are listed as Critically Endangered, four as Endangered and ten as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Six species are listed on CITES Appendix II, meaning that trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. All dried fins collected in this study were sold under the generic term "shark fin"; this vague labelling prevents accurate monitoring of the species involved in the trade, the effective implementation of policy and conservation strategy, and could unwittingly expose consumers to unsafe concentrations of toxic metals. The top five most frequently encountered species in this study are Rhizoprionodon acutus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Galeorhinus galeus, Sphyrna lewini and Sphyrna zygaena. Accurate labelling that indicates the species of shark that a fin came from, along with details of where it was caught, allows consumers to make an informed choice on the products they are consuming. Doing this could facilitate the avoidance of species that are endangered, and similarly the consumer can choose not to purchase species that are documented to contain elevated concentrations of toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Jie Cheow
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yun Ning Lee
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhen Lim
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maya Namatame
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen Peng
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Elisa X.Y. Lim
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin John Wainwright
- Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Zuccolo V, Rego FM, Hughes E, Griffiths AM. Endangered shark species traded as "cação" in São Paulo during the COVID-19 lockdown: DNA-barcoding a snapshot of products. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9985-9992. [PMID: 37898957 PMCID: PMC10676306 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elasmobranch populations are declining, predominantly driven by overfishing, and over a third of global sharks, rays, and chimeras are estimated to be threatened with extinction. In terms of trade, Brazil is ranked the eleventh-largest shark producer and the top importer of shark meat in the world. Research has shown that elasmobranchs are sold in Brazil under the name "cação" (a generic designation for cartilaginous fish) to overcome consumer resistance. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS This study used DNA barcoding to investigate the sale of sharks in the State of São Paulo during the COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 35 samples of "cação" were analysed, revealing six different shark species on sale, including Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus signatus, Carcharias taurus, Isurus oxyrinchus, and Isurus paucus, that are threatened with extinction according to the IUCN red list. This study demonstrates that vulnerable elasmobranchs are being commercialised under the label "cação" in the São Paulo State and Brazil. CONCLUSIONS Comparison of shark products traded before and during the COVID-19 pandemic showed no significant difference, suggesting lockdown did not affect patterns of species commercialisation. Effective fisheries and sale monitoring, correct product labelling legislation and increased consumer awareness that "cação" is shark are needed for appropriate conservation and management of shark populations in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zuccolo
- Hatherly Laboratories, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK.
| | | | - Emily Hughes
- Hatherly Laboratories, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Andrew M Griffiths
- Hatherly Laboratories, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
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4
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Klangnurak W, Arunrugstichai S, Manopawitr P, Krajangdara T. DNA-based species identification of shark fins traded in thai markets. CONSERV GENET 2023; 24:1-10. [PMID: 37363049 PMCID: PMC10105147 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-023-01519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Shark fins are among the most highly prized seafood products in the world with massive consumption in Asia over the past several decades. The demand for shark fins is a major driver of the enormous population declines of elasmobranchs that are generally vulnerable to overexploitation. This study aims to better understand the species composition of shark fin products in Thailand and their conservation statuses by using DNA-based species identification. Various types and sizes of shark fins were collected from 4 locations in Thailand. DNA barcoding method based on a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was applied to species identification. Fins from at least 15 shark species were found from Thailand's markets. The spottail shark (Carcharhinus sorrah) and the night shark (Carcharhinus signatus) were the two dominant species presented in this study. 34% of identifiable samples are the species that have not been record in this region. 62% of species detected from the fin samples are categorized under the threatened categories of IUCN Red List. Species composition reported in shark fin products potentially helps indicate the appropriate conservation action and increases awareness from monitoring the trade in elasmobranch products. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10592-023-01519-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlada Klangnurak
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fishery, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520 Thailand
| | - Sirachai Arunrugstichai
- Aow Thai Marine Ecology Center, FREC Bangkok, 77 Nakhon Sawan Rd, Wat Sommanat, Pom Prap Sattru Phai, Bangkok, 10100 Thailand
| | | | - Tassapon Krajangdara
- Phuket Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, Phuket, Thailand
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5
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Cardeñosa D, Robles YL, Ussa DA, del Valle CM, Caballero S, Chapman DD. Pre‐export shark fin processing to conceal
CITES
‐listed species: a case‐study from a shark fin seizure in Colombia. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
| | - Y. L. Robles
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética Forense de Especies Silvestres Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL Policía Nacional Bogotá Colombia
| | - D. A. Ussa
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética Forense de Especies Silvestres Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL Policía Nacional Bogotá Colombia
| | - C. M. del Valle
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética Forense de Especies Silvestres Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL Policía Nacional Bogotá Colombia
| | - S. Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos – LEMVA Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium Sarasota FL USA
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Advancing DNA Barcoding to Elucidate Elasmobranch Biodiversity in Malaysian Waters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061002. [PMID: 36978544 PMCID: PMC10044685 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The data provided in this article are partial fragments of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (CO1) sequences of 175 tissues sampled from sharks and batoids collected from Malaysian waters, from June 2015 to June 2022. The barcoding was done randomly for six specimens from each species, so as to authenticate the code. We generated barcodes for 67 different species in 20 families and 11 orders. DNA was extracted from the tissue samples following the Chelex protocols and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the barcoding universal primers FishF2 and FishR2. A total of 654 base pairs (bp) of barcode CO1 gene from 175 samples were sequenced and analysed. The genetic sequences were blasted into the NCBI GenBank and Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). A review of the blast search confirmed that there were 68 valid species of sharks and batoids that occurred in Malaysian waters. We provided the data of the COI gene mid-point rooting phylogenetic relation trees and analysed the genetic distances among infra-class and order, intra-species, inter-specific, inter-genus, inter-familiar, and inter-order. We confirmed the addition of Squalus edmundsi, Carcharhinus amboinensis, Alopias superciliosus, and Myliobatis hamlyni as new records for Malaysia. The establishment of a comprehensive CO1 database for sharks and batoids will help facilitate the rapid monitoring and assessment of elasmobranch fisheries using environmental DNA methods.
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7
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Pragmatic applications of DNA barcoding markers in identification of fish species – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
DNA barcoding and mini barcoding involve Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene in mitochondrial genome and is used for accurate identification of species and biodiversity. The basic goal of the current study is to develop a complete reference database of fishes. It also evaluates the applicability of COI gene to identify fish at the species level with other aspects i.e., as Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) distance. The mean observed length of the sequence was ranging between 500 to 700 base pairs for fish species in DNA barcoding and 80 to 650 base pairs for DNA mini barcoding. This method describes the status of known to unknown samples but it also facilitates the detection of previously un-sampled species at distinct level. So, mini-barcoding is a method focuses on the analysis of short-length DNA markers has been demonstrated to be effective for species identification of processed food containing degraded DNA. While DNA meta-barcoding refers to the automated identification of multiple species from a single bulk sample. The may contain entire organisms or a single environmental sample containing degraded DNA. Despite DNA barcoding, mini barcoding and meta-barcoding are efficient methods for species identification which are helpful in conservation and proper management of biodiversity. It aids researchers to take an account of genetic as well as evolutionary relationships by collecting their morphological, distributional and molecular data. Overall, this paper discusses DNA barcoding technology and how it has been used to various fish species, as well as its universality, adaptability, and novel approach to DNA-based species identification.
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8
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Cardeñosa D, Shea SK, Zhang H, Fischer GA, Simpfendorfer CA, Chapman DD. Two thirds of species in a global shark fin trade hub are threatened with extinction: Conservation potential of international trade regulations for coastal sharks. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Huarong Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Florida USA
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9
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What Is in Your Shark Fin Soup? Probably an Endangered Shark Species and a Bit of Mercury. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070802. [PMID: 35405792 PMCID: PMC8997153 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Shark fin soup is consumed by many Asian communities throughout the world and is one of the main drivers of the demand for shark fin. The demand for shark products has seen shark populations decline by as much as 70%. The fins found in soups break down into a fibrous mass meaning that identifying the species of shark that a fin came from is impossible by visual methods. Here, we use molecular techniques to identify the species of sharks found in bowls of soup collected in Singapore. We identified a number of endangered species in the surveyed soups, and many of these species have been shown to contain high levels of mercury, a potent neurotoxin. It is highly likely that consumers of shark fin soup are consuming levels of mercury that are above safe allowable limits, and at the same time are contributing to the massive declines in global shark populations. Abstract Shark fin soup, consumed by Asian communities throughout the world, is one of the principal drivers of the demand of shark fins. This near USD 1 billion global industry has contributed to a shark population declines of up to 70%. In an effort to arrest these declines, the trade in several species of sharks is regulated under the auspices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Despite this legal framework, the dried fins of trade-regulated sharks are frequently sold in markets and consumed in shark fin soup. Shark fins found in soups break down into a fibrous mass of ceratotrichia, meaning that identifying the species of sharks in the soup becomes impossible by visual methods. In this paper, we use DNA barcoding to identify the species of sharks found in bowls of shark fin soup collected in Singapore. The most common species identified in our samples was the blue shark (Prionace glauca), a species listed as Near Threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List with a decreasing population, on which scientific data suggests catch limits should be imposed. We identified four other shark species that are listed on CITES Appendix II, and in total ten species that are assessed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Globally, the blue shark has been shown to contain levels of mercury that frequently exceed safe dose limits. Given the prevalence of this species in the examined soups and the global nature of the fin trade, it is extremely likely that consumers of shark fin soup will be exposed to unsafe levels of this neurotoxin.
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10
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Villanueva‐Zayas JD, Rodríguez‐Ramírez R, Ávila‐Villa LA, González‐Córdova AF, Reyes‐López MÁ, Hernández‐Sierra D, los Santos‐Villalobos S. Using a COI mini‐barcode and real‐time PCR (qPCR) for sea turtle identification in processed food. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Daniel Villanueva‐Zayas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Trazabilidad Molecular de los Alimentos Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora 5 de Febrero 818 Sur. colonia centro Ciudad Obregon Sonora85000Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez‐Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Trazabilidad Molecular de los Alimentos Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora 5 de Febrero 818 Sur. colonia centro Ciudad Obregon Sonora85000Mexico
| | - Luz Angélica Ávila‐Villa
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Sonora Blvd. Bordo Nuevo s/n Ciudad Obregon Sonora85040Mexico
| | - Aarón F. González‐Córdova
- Laboratorio de Calidad, Autenticidad y Trazabilidad de los Alimentos Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD) Carrtera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46. Colonia La Victoria Hermosillo Sonora83304Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Reyes‐López
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica Instituto Politécnico Nacional Blvrd del Maestro SN, Narciso Mendoza Reynosa Tamaulipas88710Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández‐Sierra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Trazabilidad Molecular de los Alimentos Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora 5 de Febrero 818 Sur. colonia centro Ciudad Obregon Sonora85000Mexico
| | - Sergio los Santos‐Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Trazabilidad Molecular de los Alimentos Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora 5 de Febrero 818 Sur. colonia centro Ciudad Obregon Sonora85000Mexico
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11
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Zhang X, Armani A, Wen J, Giusti A, Zhao J, Li X. DNA barcoding for the identification of shark lips (鱼唇): A nationwide survey for analyzing a never investigated product in the Chinese market. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Domingues RR, Bunholi IV, Pinhal D, Antunes A, Mendonça FF. From molecule to conservation: DNA-based methods to overcome frontiers in the shark and ray fin trade. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-021-01194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock E, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Kraft DW, Hutchinson M, Herrera MA, Caballero S, Chapman DD. Indo‐Pacific origins of silky shark fins in major shark fin markets highlights supply chains and management bodies key for conservation. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University New York USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | - Andrew T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University New York USA
| | - Elizabeth Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Derek W. Kraft
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i Kane‘ohe Hawaii USA
| | - Melanie Hutchinson
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i Kane‘ohe Hawaii USA
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Maria A. Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Colombia
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos – LEMVA Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
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14
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Tiktak GP, Butcher D, Lawrence PJ, Norrey J, Bradley L, Shaw K, Preziosi R, Megson D. Are concentrations of pollutants in sharks, rays and skates (Elasmobranchii) a cause for concern? A systematic review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111701. [PMID: 33181965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review represents a comprehensive analysis on pollutants in elasmobranchs including meta-analysis on the most studied pollutants: mercury, cadmium, PCBs and DDTs, in muscle and liver tissue. Elasmobranchs are particularly vulnerable to pollutant exposure which may pose a risk to the organism as well as humans that consume elasmobranch products. The highest concentrations of pollutants were found in sharks occupying top trophic levels (Carcharhiniformes and Lamniformes). A human health risk assessment identified that children and adults consuming shark once a week are exposed to over three times more mercury than is recommended by the US EPA. This poses a risk to local fishing communities and international consumers of shark-based products, as well as those subject to the widespread mislabelling of elasmobranch products. Wider screening studies are recommended to determine the risk to elasmobranchs from emerging pollutants and more robust studies are recommended to assess the risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guuske P Tiktak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Demi Butcher
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Peter J Lawrence
- Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Askew St, Menai Bridge, Wales LL59 5AB, UK
| | - John Norrey
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Lee Bradley
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Kirsty Shaw
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Richard Preziosi
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - David Megson
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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15
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DNA-based techniques for seafood species authentication. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2020; 95:207-255. [PMID: 33745513 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Global trade of seafood has increased in the last decade, leading to significant concerns associated with seafood fraud. Seafood fraud involves the intentional misrepresentation of fish or shellfish for the purpose of economic gain and includes acts such as species substitution, illegal transshipment, overtreatment/short weighting, and mislabeling country of origin or production method. These fraudulent acts have had economic, environmental, and public health consequences on a global level. DNA-based techniques for seafood authentication are utilized by regulatory agencies and can be employed as part of a food fraud risk mitigation plan. This chapter will focus specifically on the use of DNA-based methods for the detection of seafood species substitution. Various methods have been developed for DNA-based species identification of seafood, including polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), species-specific PCR, real-time PCR, Sanger sequencing, microarrays, and high-resolution melting (HRM). Emerging techniques for seafood authentication include droplet digital PCR, isothermal amplification, PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and high-throughput or next-generation sequencing. Some of these DNA-based methods target specific species, such as real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR, while other methods allow for simultaneous differentiation of a wide range of fish species, including Sanger sequencing and high-throughput sequencing. This chapter will begin with an introduction on seafood fraud and species substitution, followed by an analysis of the main DNA-based authentication methods and emerging techniques for species identification.
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Relative contribution to the shark fin trade of Indo‐Pacific and Eastern Pacific pelagic thresher sharks. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | - A. T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | | | - K. A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
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17
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Garcia Barcia L, Argiro J, Babcock EA, Cai Y, Shea SKH, Chapman DD. Mercury and arsenic in processed fins from nine of the most traded shark species in the Hong Kong and China dried seafood markets: The potential health risks of shark fin soup. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111281. [PMID: 32469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shark fin is one of Asia's most valued dried seafood products, with over 80 shark species traded in Hong Kong [HK]. We analyzed processed shark fins from mainland China and HK markets (n = 267) for mercury, methyl‑mercury, and arsenic, to inform consumers, policy makers and public health officials on the health risks of ingesting fins from nine of the most common shark species in the fin trade. Fins from all species frequently exceed Hg limits established by HK authorities. Most of the mercury found is in the form of methyl‑mercury (69.0 ± 33.5%). Five species surpass methyl‑mercury PTWIs and blue shark fins can exceed inorganic arsenic BMDL0.5. Species-of-origin was a significant predictor of heavy metal concentrations, with higher mercury concentrations associated with coastal sharks and lower arsenic levels found with increasing shark trophic level. Species-specific labeling would help consumers avoid shark fin products that pose the highest health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia Barcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America.
| | - Juana Argiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, 9 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America
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18
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock EA, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Species composition of the largest shark fin retail-market in mainland China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12914. [PMID: 32737392 PMCID: PMC7395743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific monitoring through large shark fin market surveys has been a valuable data source to estimate global catches and international shark fin trade dynamics. Hong Kong and Guangzhou, mainland China, are the largest shark fin markets and consumption centers in the world. We used molecular identification protocols on randomly collected processed fin trimmings (n = 2000) and non-parametric species estimators to investigate the species composition of the Guangzhou retail market and compare the species diversity between the Guangzhou and Hong Kong shark fin retail markets. Species diversity was similar between both trade hubs with a small subset of species dominating the composition. The blue shark (Prionace glauca) was the most common species overall followed by the CITES-listed silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead shark (S. zygaena) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Our results support previous indications of high connectivity between the shark fin markets of Hong Kong and mainland China and suggest that systematic studies of other fin trade hubs within Mainland China and stronger law-enforcement protocols and capacity building are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Andrew T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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19
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Wannell GJ, Griffiths AM, Spinou A, Batista R, Mendonça MB, Wosiacki WB, Fraser B, Wintner S, Papadopoulos AI, Krey G, Gubili C. A new minibarcode assay to facilitate species identification from processed, degraded or historic ray (batoidea) samples. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-020-01158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Fields AT, Fischer GA, Shea SKH, Zhang H, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. DNA Zip‐coding: identifying the source populations supplying the international trade of a critically endangered coastal shark. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H. Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - K. A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami FL USA
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21
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Zahn RJ, Silva AJ, Hellberg RS. Development of a DNA mini-barcoding protocol targeting COI for the identification of elasmobranch species in shark cartilage pills. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Haque AB, Das SA, Biswas AR. DNA analysis of elasmobranch products originating from Bangladesh reveals unregulated elasmobranch fishery and trade on species of global conservation concern. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222273. [PMID: 31553744 PMCID: PMC6760772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade involving elasmobranch products in Bangladesh is a four-decade-long practice in large scale and there is little understanding of its impact on species composition, population, and subsequent conservation. Capacity for monitoring and identification is lacking in landing and shark processing centres. A rapid survey and collection of tissue samples were performed in three landings and nine shark processing centres between 2016 and 2017 in the south-eastern coastal region of Bangladesh. Sequencing for a 707-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to assess the taxonomic status and species composition from 71 elasmobranch tissue samples collected from the shark processing centre only. Good quality COI sequences were obtained for 34 specimens representing 21 species-the majority of which are threatened with extinction. A total of ten species of sharks (Carcharhinus brevipinna, C. amboinensis, C. leucas, C. sorrah, C. amblyrhynchoides, Chiloscyllium burmensis, Galeocerdo cuvier, Rhincodon typus, Scoliodon laticaudus, and Sphyrna lewini), eleven species of rays (Aetomylaeus maculatus, Gymnura poecilura, Mobula mobular, M. kuhlii, Neotrygon indica, Pateobatis uarnacoides, Rhinoptera javanica, and R. jayakari), including three species of guitarfish (Glaucostegus granulatus, G. obtusus, and G. typus), were identified. Four species (14.7% of samples) were found to be listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Appendix II. Sixteen species (59% of the specimens) were threatened with extinction according to IUCN Red List, whereas 41% were data deficient or not assessed. The results have important implications for the management of regional fisheries and the conservation of elasmobranchs as they 1) represent a preliminary understanding of elasmobranch diversity in trade; 2) depict a lack of awareness and monitoring; and 3) demonstrate a need for urgent monitoring and regulation of elasmobranch trade in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alifa Bintha Haque
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Sudipta Arka Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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23
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Cardeñosa D. Genetic identification of threatened shark species in pet food and beauty care products. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Cardeñosa D, Shea KH, Zhang H, Feldheim K, Fischer GA, Chapman DD. Small fins, large trade: a snapshot of the species composition of low‐value shark fins in the Hong Kong markets. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - H. Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - K. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | | | - D. D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
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25
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Johri S, Solanki J, Cantu VA, Fellows SR, Edwards RA, Moreno I, Vyas A, Dinsdale EA. 'Genome skimming' with the MinION hand-held sequencer identifies CITES-listed shark species in India's exports market. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4476. [PMID: 30872700 PMCID: PMC6418218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrichthyes - sharks, rays, skates, and chimeras, are among the most threatened and data deficient vertebrate species. Global demand for shark and ray derived products, drives unregulated and exploitative fishing practices, which are in turn facilitated by the lack of ecological data required for effective conservation of these species. Here, we describe a Next Generation Sequencing method (using the MinION, a hand-held portable sequencing device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies), and analyses pipeline for molecular ecological studies in Chondrichthyes. Using this method, the complete mitochondrial genome and nuclear intergenic and protein-coding sequences were obtained by direct sequencing of genomic DNA obtained from shark fin tissue. Recovered loci include mitochondrial barcode sequences- Cytochrome oxidase I, NADH2, 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA- and nuclear genetic loci such as 5.8S rRNA, Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, and 28S rRNA regions, which are commonly used for taxonomic identification. Other loci recovered were the nuclear protein-coding genes for antithrombin or SerpinC, Immunoglobulin lambda light chain, Preprogehrelin, selenium binding protein 1(SBP1), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Recombination-Activating Gene 1 (RAG1). The median coverage across all genetic loci was 20x and sequence accuracy was ≥99.8% compared to reference sequences. Analyses of the nuclear ITS2 region and the mitochondrial protein-encoding loci allowed accurate taxonomic identification of the shark specimen as Carcharhinus falciformis, a CITES Appendix II species. MinION sequencing provided 1,152,211 bp of new shark genome, increasing the number of sequenced shark genomes to five. Phylogenetic analyses using both mitochondrial and nuclear loci provided evidence that Prionace glauca is nested within Carcharhinus, suggesting the need for taxonomic reassignment of P. glauca. We increased genomic information about a shark species for ecological and population genetic studies, enabled accurate identification of the shark tissue for biodiversity indexing and resolved phylogenetic relationships among multiple taxa. The method was independent of amplification bias, and adaptable for field assessments of other Chondrichthyes and wildlife species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Johri
- Department of Biology, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Jitesh Solanki
- College of Fisheries Science, Rajendra Bhuvan Road, Junagadh Agricultural University, Veraval, Gujarat, 362266, India
| | - Vito Adrian Cantu
- Computational Sciences Research Center, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Sam R Fellows
- Department of Biology, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Computational Sciences Research Center, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Department of Biology, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA
| | - Asit Vyas
- College of Fisheries Science, Rajendra Bhuvan Road, Junagadh Agricultural University, Veraval, Gujarat, 362266, India
| | - Elizabeth A Dinsdale
- Department of Biology, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92128, USA.
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26
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Cardeñosa D, Quinlan J, Shea KH, Chapman DD. Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16313. [PMID: 30397246 PMCID: PMC6218538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparently (Appendix II listed species). Twelve threatened shark species exploited for their fins, meat, and other products have been listed under CITES Appendix II. Sharks are often traded in high volumes, some of their products are visually indistinguishable, and most importing/exporting nations have limited capacity to detect illicit trade and enforce the regulations. High volume shipments often must be screened after only a short period of detainment (e.g., a maximum of 24 hours), which together with costs and capacity issues have limited the use of DNA approaches to identify illicit trade. Here, we present a reliable, field-based, fast (<4 hours), and cost effective ($0.94 USD per sample) multiplex real-time PCR protocol capable of detecting nine of the twelve sharks listed under CITES in a single reaction. This approach facilitates detection of illicit trade, with positive results providing probable cause to detain shipments for more robust forensic analysis. We also provide evidence of its application in real law enforcement scenarios in Hong Kong. Adoption of this approach can help parties meet their CITES requirements, avoiding potential international trade sanctions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States of America. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jessica Quinlan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, United States of America
| | | | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, United States of America
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27
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock EA, Zhang H, Feldheim K, Shea SKH, Fischer GA, Chapman DD. CITES-listed sharks remain among the top species in the contemporary fin trade. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Andrew T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | | | - Kevin Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution; The Field Museum; Chicago Illinois 60605 USA
| | | | | | - Demian D. Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; North Miami Florida 33181 USA
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28
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Yang F, Ding F, Chen H, He M, Zhu S, Ma X, Jiang L, Li H. DNA Barcoding for the Identification and Authentication of Animal Species in Traditional Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:5160254. [PMID: 29849709 PMCID: PMC5937547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5160254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal-based traditional medicine not only plays a significant role in therapeutic practices worldwide but also provides a potential compound library for drug discovery. However, persistent hunting and illegal trade markedly threaten numerous medicinal animal species, and increasing demand further provokes the emergence of various adulterants. As the conventional methods are difficult and time-consuming to detect processed products or identify animal species with similar morphology, developing novel authentication methods for animal-based traditional medicine represents an urgent need. During the last decade, DNA barcoding offers an accurate and efficient strategy that can identify existing species and discover unknown species via analysis of sequence variation in a standardized region of DNA. Recent studies have shown that DNA barcoding as well as minibarcoding and metabarcoding is capable of identifying animal species and discriminating the authentics from the adulterants in various types of traditional medicines, including raw materials, processed products, and complex preparations. These techniques can also be used to detect the unlabelled and threatened animal species in traditional medicine. Here, we review the recent progress of DNA barcoding for the identification and authentication of animal species used in traditional medicine, which provides a reference for quality control and trade supervision of animal-based traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery and School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery and School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Mingqi He
- Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery and School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shixin Zhu
- Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery and School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery and School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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