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Joyce AL, Moreno M, Palomo L, O'Connor R, Escobar D. Genetic variability of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in El Salvador and Honduras: presence of a widespread haplotype and implications for mosquito control. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:229. [PMID: 38755689 PMCID: PMC11100194 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06312-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined population genetics of Aedes aegypti in El Salvador and Honduras, two adjacent countries in Central America. Aedes aegypti is associated with yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Each year, thousands of cases of dengue are typically reported in El Salvador and Honduras. METHODS In El Salvador, collections were obtained from five Departments. In Honduras, samples were obtained from six municipalities in four Departments. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was sequenced, and consensus sequences were combined with available sequences from El Salvador to determine haplotype number, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and Tajima's D. A haplotype network was produced to examine the relationship between genotypes. RESULTS In El Salvador, there were 17 haplotypes, while in Honduras there were 4 haplotypes. In both El Salvador and Honduras, Haplotype 1 is most abundant and widespread. In El Salvador, haplotype H2 was also widespread in 10 of 11 sampled municipalities, but it was not present in Honduras. The capital of El Salvador (San Salvador) and the eastern region of ES had the highest haplotype diversity of regions sampled. CONCLUSIONS Haplotype 1 and H2 each belong to different phylogenetic lineages of Ae. aegypti. The most geographically widespread haplotype (H1) may have been present the longest and could be a remnant from previous eradication programs. These data may contribute to future control programs for Ae. aegypti in the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Joyce
- Public Health, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - Miguel Moreno
- Departmento de Biología, Final de Av. Mártires y Héroes del 30 Julio, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Leonel Palomo
- Departmento de Biología, Final de Av. Mártires y Héroes del 30 Julio, University of El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Raul O'Connor
- Unidad de vigilancia de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, 11101, Honduras
| | - Denis Escobar
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, 11101, Honduras
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Paksa A, Azizi K, Yousefi S, Dabaghmanesh S, Shahabi S, Sanei-Dehkordi A. First report on the molecular phylogenetics and population genetics of Aedes aegypti in Iran. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:49. [PMID: 38303048 PMCID: PMC10835860 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of various human arboviral diseases, is a significant public health threat. Aedes aegypti was detected in Iran in 2018, in Hormozgan province, but comprehensive information regarding its genetic diversity and origin within the country remains scarce. This study aimed to determine the origin and genetic diversity of Ae. aegypti in southern Iran. METHODS Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected from Bandar Abbas City, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran, between May and July 2022. Specimens were morphologically identified. Origin and assess genetic diversity were assessed based on the mitochondrial DNA-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene. RESULTS BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) analysis confirmed the accuracy of the morphological identification of all specimens as Ae. aegypti, with 100% similarity to GenBank sequences. Calculated variance and haplotype diversity were 0.502 and 0.00157, respectively. Among the 604 examined nucleotide sequences, only a single site was non-synonymous. Total nucleotide diversity and average pairwise nucleotides were determined as 0.00083 and 0.502, respectively. Fu and Li's D test values were not statistically significant. Strobeck's S statistic value was 0.487, and Tajima's D value was 1.53395; both were not statistically significant (P > 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades with minimal nucleotide differences and low haplotype diversity, suggesting the recent establishment of Ae. Aegypti in the southern region of Iran. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated an association between Ae. aegypti populations and mosquitoes from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Paksa
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Azizi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sorna Dabaghmanesh
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
- Department of Biology and Control of Disease Vectors, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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de Sousa AA, Cruz ACR, da Silva FS, da Silva SP, Neto JPN, Barros MC, Fraga EDC, Sampaio I. Sequencing and Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Brazilian Amazon Region. INSECTS 2023; 14:938. [PMID: 38132611 PMCID: PMC10744036 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a mosquito native to the African continent, which is now widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In many regions, it represents a major challenge to public health, given its role in the cycle of transmission of important arboviruses, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Considering the epidemiological importance of Ae. aegypti, the present study sequenced the partial mitochondrial genome of a sample collected in the municipality of Balsas, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, followed by High Throughput Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The mitochondrial sequence obtained here was 15,863 bp long, and contained 37 functional subunits (thirteen PCGs, twenty-two tRNAs and two rRNAs) in addition to a partial final portion rich in A+T. The data obtained here contribute to the enrichment of our knowledge of the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of this prominent disease vector. These findings represent an important advancement in the understanding of the characteristics of the populations of northeastern Brazil and provide valuable insights into the taxonomy and evolutionary biology of this prominent disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrelina Alves de Sousa
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC/SVS/MS), Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (A.C.R.C.); (F.S.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66095-662, Pará, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC/SVS/MS), Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (A.C.R.C.); (F.S.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66095-662, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC/SVS/MS), Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (A.C.R.C.); (F.S.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (J.P.N.N.)
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC/SVS/MS), Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (A.C.R.C.); (F.S.d.S.); (S.P.d.S.); (J.P.N.N.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Pará State University, Belém 66095-662, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudene Barros
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology (GENBIMOL), Maranhão State University, Caxias 65604-380, Maranhão, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (E.d.C.F.)
| | - Elmary da Costa Fraga
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology (GENBIMOL), Maranhão State University, Caxias 65604-380, Maranhão, Brazil; (M.C.B.); (E.d.C.F.)
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratory of Evolution, Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança 68600-000, Pará, Brazil
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Loaiza JR, Gittens RA, Zapata R, Armien B, González-Santamaría J, Laporta GZ, Franco L. The bibliometric landscape of infectious disease research in Panama (1990-2019). DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100117. [PMID: 38515494 PMCID: PMC10953851 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background This work aims to analyze the landscape of scientific publications on subjects related to One Health and infectious diseases in Panama. The research questions are: How does the One Health research landscape look like in Panama? Are historical research efforts aligned with the One Health concept? What infectious diseases have received more attention from the local scientific community since 1990? Methods Boolean searches on the Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed were undertaken to evaluate the main trends of publications related to One Health and infectious disease research in the country of Panama, between 1990 and 2019. Results 4546 publications were identified since 1990, including 3564 peer-reviewed articles interconnected with One Health related descriptors, and 211 articles focused particularly on infectious diseases. A pattern of exponential growth in the number of publications with various contributions from Panamanian institutions was observed. The rate of multidisciplinary research was moderate, whereas those of interinstitutional and intersectoral research ranged from low to very low. Research efforts have centered largely on protozoan, neglected and arthropod-borne diseases with a strong emphasis on malaria, Chagas and leishmaniasis. Conclusion Panama has scientific capabilities on One Health to tackle future infectious disease threats, but the official collaboration schemes and strategic investment to develop further competencies need to be conciliated with modern times, aka the pandemics era. The main proposition here, addressed to the government of Panama, is to launch a One Health regional center to promote multidisciplinary, interinstitutional and intersectoral research activities in Panama and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama
| | - Rolando A. Gittens
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama
| | - Robinson Zapata
- Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Panamá, Panama
| | - Blas Armien
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama
| | - José González-Santamaría
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama
| | - Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Research and Innovation Program, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Franco
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
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McLaughlin JF, Aguilar C, Bernstein JM, Navia-Gine WG, Cueto-Aparicio LE, Alarcon AC, Alarcon BD, Collier R, Takyar A, Vong SJ, López-Chong OG, Driver R, Loaiza JR, De León LF, Saltonstall K, Lipshutz SE, Arcila D, Brock KM, Miller MJ. Comparative phylogeography reveals widespread cryptic diversity driven by ecology in Panamanian birds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36993716 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Widespread species often harbor unrecognized genetic diversity, and investigating the factors associated with such cryptic variation can help us better understand the forces driving diversification. Here, we identify potential cryptic species based on a comprehensive dataset of COI mitochondrial DNA barcodes from 2,333 individual Panamanian birds across 429 species, representing 391 (59%) of the 659 resident landbird species of the country, as well as opportunistically sampled waterbirds. We complement this dataset with additional publicly available mitochondrial loci, such as ND2 and cytochrome b, obtained from whole mitochondrial genomes from 20 taxa. Using barcode identification numbers (BINs), we find putative cryptic species in 19% of landbird species, highlighting hidden diversity in the relatively well-described avifauna of Panama. Whereas some of these mitochondrial divergence events corresponded with recognized geographic features that likely isolated populations, such as the Cordillera Central highlands, the majority (74%) of lowland splits were between eastern and western populations. The timing of these splits are not temporally coincident across taxa, suggesting that historical events, such as the formation of the Isthmus of Panama and Pleistocene climatic cycles, were not the primary drivers of cryptic diversification. Rather, we observed that forest species, understory species, insectivores, and strongly territorial species-all traits associated with lower dispersal ability-were all more likely to have multiple BINs in Panama, suggesting strong ecological associations with cryptic divergence. Additionally, hand-wing index, a proxy for dispersal capability, was significantly lower in species with multiple BINs, indicating that dispersal ability plays an important role in generating diversity in Neotropical birds. Together, these results underscore the need for evolutionary studies of tropical bird communities to consider ecological factors along with geographic explanations, and that even in areas with well-known avifauna, avian diversity may be substantially underestimated. LAY SUMMARY - What factors are common among bird species with cryptic diversity in Panama? What role do geography, ecology, phylogeographic history, and other factors play in generating bird diversity?- 19% of widely-sampled bird species form two or more distinct DNA barcode clades, suggesting widespread unrecognized diversity.- Traits associated with reduced dispersal ability, such as use of forest understory, high territoriality, low hand-wing index, and insectivory, were more common in taxa with cryptic diversity. Filogeografía comparada revela amplia diversidad críptica causada por la ecología en las aves de Panamá. RESUMEN Especies extendidas frecuentemente tiene diversidad genética no reconocida, y investigando los factores asociados con esta variación críptica puede ayudarnos a entender las fuerzas que impulsan la diversificación. Aquí, identificamos especies crípticas potenciales basadas en un conjunto de datos de códigos de barras de ADN mitocondrial de 2,333 individuos de aves de Panama en 429 especies, representando 391 (59%) de las 659 especies de aves terrestres residentes del país, además de algunas aves acuáticas muestreada de manera oportunista. Adicionalmente, complementamos estos datos con secuencias mitocondriales disponibles públicamente de otros loci, tal como ND2 o citocroma b, obtenidos de los genomas mitocondriales completos de 20 taxones. Utilizando los números de identificación de código de barras (en ingles: BINs), un sistema taxonómico numérico que proporcina una estimación imparcial de la diversidad potencial a nivel de especie, encontramos especies crípticas putativas en 19% de las especies de aves terrestres, lo que destaca la diversidad oculta en la avifauna bien descrita de Panamá. Aunque algunos de estos eventos de divergencia conciden con características geográficas que probablemente aislaron las poblaciones, la mayoría (74%) de la divergencia en las tierras bajas se encuentra entre las poblaciones orientales y occidentales. El tiempo de esta divergencia no coincidió entre los taxones, sugiriendo que eventos históricos tales como la formación del Istmo de Panamá y los ciclos climáticos del pleistoceno, no fueron los principales impulsores de la especiación. En cambio, observamos asociaciones fuertes entre las características ecológicas y la divergencia mitocondriale: las especies del bosque, sotobosque, con una dieta insectívora, y con territorialidad fuerte mostraton múltiple BINs probables. Adicionalmente, el índice mano-ala, que está asociado a la capacidad de dispersión, fue significativamente menor en las especies con BINs multiples, sugiriendo que la capacidad de dispersión tiene un rol importamente en la generación de la diversidad de las aves neotropicales. Estos resultos demonstran la necesidad de que estudios evolutivos de las comunidades de aves tropicales consideren los factores ecológicos en conjunto con las explicaciones geográficos. Palabras clave: biodiversidad tropical, biogeografía, códigos de barras, dispersión, especies crípticas.
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McLaughlin JF, Aguilar C, Bernstein JM, Navia-Gine WG, Cueto-Aparicio LE, Alarcon AC, Alarcon BD, Collier R, Takyar A, Vong SJ, López-Chong OG, Driver R, Loaiza JR, De León LF, Saltonstall K, Lipshutz SE, Arcila D, Brock KM, Miller MJ. Comparative phylogeography reveals widespread cryptic diversity driven by ecology in Panamanian birds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.530646. [PMID: 36993716 PMCID: PMC10055050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.530646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread species often harbor unrecognized genetic diversity, and investigating the factors associated with such cryptic variation can help us better understand the forces driving diversification. Here, we identify potential cryptic species based on a comprehensive dataset of COI mitochondrial DNA barcodes from 2,333 individual Panamanian birds across 429 species, representing 391 (59%) of the 659 resident landbird species of the country, as well as opportunistically sampled waterbirds. We complement this dataset with additional publicly available mitochondrial loci, such as ND2 and cytochrome b, obtained from whole mitochondrial genomes from 20 taxa. Using barcode identification numbers (BINs), we find putative cryptic species in 19% of landbird species, highlighting hidden diversity in the relatively well-described avifauna of Panama. Whereas some of these mitochondrial divergence events corresponded with recognized geographic features that likely isolated populations, such as the Cordillera Central highlands, the majority (74%) of lowland splits were between eastern and western populations. The timing of these splits are not temporally coincident across taxa, suggesting that historical events, such as the formation of the Isthmus of Panama and Pleistocene climatic cycles, were not the primary drivers of cryptic diversification. Rather, we observed that forest species, understory species, insectivores, and strongly territorial species-all traits associated with lower dispersal ability-were all more likely to have multiple BINs in Panama, suggesting strong ecological associations with cryptic divergence. Additionally, hand-wing index, a proxy for dispersal capability, was significantly lower in species with multiple BINs, indicating that dispersal ability plays an important role in generating diversity in Neotropical birds. Together, these results underscore the need for evolutionary studies of tropical bird communities to consider ecological factors along with geographic explanations, and that even in areas with well-known avifauna, avian diversity may be substantially underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. McLaughlin
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Celestino Aguilar
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Justin M. Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
- Center for Genomics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Wayra G. Navia-Gine
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Pacific Biosciences, 1305 O’Brien Dr, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rugger Collier
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Anshule Takyar
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Sidney J. Vong
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Robert Driver
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Luis F. De León
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dahiana Arcila
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kinsey M. Brock
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Miller
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Norman, OK, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Britos Molinas MB, Gayozo Melgarejo E, Rojas de Arias A. Phenotypic Variations of Aedes aegypti Populations and Egg Abundance According to Environmental Parameters in Two Dengue-Endemic Ecoregions in Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:300-307. [PMID: 35895428 PMCID: PMC9393451 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue in Paraguay is an endemic disease of public health importance. Several studies suggest that an increased density of Aedes aegypti and the presence of dengue cases may be associated with climatic conditions. This study aimed to establish the phenotypic variations of Ae. aegypti from four cities (Asunción, Itauguá, Minga Guazú, and Ciudad del Este) and the potential association of environmental variables with the number of eggs in capture sites. Eleven morphometric phenotypic characters were evaluated, and environmental data were obtained from Earth Engine and local meteorological stations. An analysis was carried out using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, and we estimated the correlation using [relative humidity, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)] between variables and the number of eggs in each site. Differences in mean NDVI and NDWI between cities and their relationship with the morphometric performance of individuals were also assessed. The study demonstrated morphometric variations between the populations of Ae. aegypti from two ecoregions, with the Litoral ecoregion populations presented a greater phenotypic variation than those observed in the Alto Paraná ecoregion. Significant statistical associations were registered between the number of eggs with relative humidity (r = -0.45) and the NDVI at 100 meters from the capture points (r = -0.61) for Minga Guazú, and with the NDWI at 100 meters (r = 0.54) for Ciudad del Este. Future studies on these Ae. aegypti populations, and its dispersion could contribute to improve vector control measures and foster future genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elvio Gayozo Melgarejo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Carcinogénesis y Teratogénesis Ambiental, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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de Oliveira Ribeiro G, Gill DE, do Socorro Foro Ramos E, Villanova F, Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro E, Monteiro FJC, Morais VS, Rego MODS, Araújo ELL, Pandey RP, Raj VS, Deng X, Delwart E, da Costa AC, Leal É. Chikungunya Virus Asian Lineage Infection in the Amazon Region Is Maintained by Asiatic and Caribbean-Introduced Variants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071445. [PMID: 35891427 PMCID: PMC9319912 DOI: 10.3390/v14071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous transmission of two lineages of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was discovered after the pathogen’s initial arrival in Brazil. In Oiapoque (Amapá state, north Brazil), the Asian lineage (CHIKV-Asian) was discovered, while in Bahia state, the East-Central-South-African lineage (CHIKV-ECSA) was discovered (northeast Brazil). Since then, the CHIKV-Asian lineage has been restricted to the Amazon region (mostly in the state of Amapá), whereas the ECSA lineage has expanded across the country. Despite the fact that the Asian lineage was already present in the Amazon region, the ECSA lineage brought from the northeast caused a large outbreak in the Amazonian state of Roraima (north Brazil) in 2017. Here, CHIKV spread in the Amazon region was studied by a Zika–Dengue–Chikungunya PCR assay in 824 serum samples collected between 2013 and 2016 from individuals with symptoms of viral infection in the Amapá state. We found 11 samples positive for CHIKV-Asian, and, from these samples, we were able to retrieve 10 full-length viral genomes. A comprehensive phylogenetic study revealed that nine CHIKV sequences came from a local transmission cluster related to Caribbean strains, whereas one sequence was related to sequences from the Philippines. These findings imply that CHIKV spread in different ways in Roraima and Amapá, despite the fact that both states had similar climatic circumstances and mosquito vector frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Brazil; (G.d.O.R.); (E.d.S.F.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Danielle Elise Gill
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (D.E.G.); (V.S.M.); (A.C.d.C.)
| | - Endrya do Socorro Foro Ramos
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Brazil; (G.d.O.R.); (E.d.S.F.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Brazil; (G.d.O.R.); (E.d.S.F.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Edcelha Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa 68905-230, Brazil; (E.S.D.R.); (F.J.C.M.); (M.O.d.S.R.)
| | - Fred Julio Costa Monteiro
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa 68905-230, Brazil; (E.S.D.R.); (F.J.C.M.); (M.O.d.S.R.)
| | - Vanessa S. Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (D.E.G.); (V.S.M.); (A.C.d.C.)
| | - Marlisson Octavio da S. Rego
- Public Health Laboratory of Amapa-LACEN/AP, Health Surveillance Superintendence of Amapa, Macapa 68905-230, Brazil; (E.S.D.R.); (F.J.C.M.); (M.O.d.S.R.)
| | - Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
- General Coordination of Public Health, Laboratories of the Strategic Articulation, Department of the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health (CGLAB/DAEVS/SVS-MS), Brasília 70719-040, Brazil;
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (R.P.P.); (V.S.R.); (E.D.)
| | - V. Samuel Raj
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (R.P.P.); (V.S.R.); (E.D.)
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA;
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (R.P.P.); (V.S.R.); (E.D.)
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA;
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (D.E.G.); (V.S.M.); (A.C.d.C.)
| | - Élcio Leal
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Brazil; (G.d.O.R.); (E.d.S.F.R.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Escobar D, Ortiz B, Urrutia O, Fontecha G. Genetic Diversity among Four Populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Honduras as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060620. [PMID: 35745474 PMCID: PMC9228569 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a hematophagous and highly anthropophilic mosquito with a wide distribution, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Ae. aegypti is the main vector of several febrile diseases called arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses), which represent an important public health problem. Populations of this mosquito were nearly eliminated from the Americas in the mid-20th century; however, after the abandonment of control measures, mosquito populations have been recovering territory, have expanded by anthropogenic mechanisms, and have been joined by new populations reintroduced from other continents. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the genetic variability of Aedes aegypti collected in four cities located along the so-called logistics corridor of Honduras, which connects the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. We studied the sequences of two molecular markers: the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI mtDNA) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2 rDNA) of 40 mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analyzes show two separate clades with a low number of nucleotide differences per site, three haplotypes, and low haplotype diversity. These results suggest a low genetic diversity in the populations of Ae. aegypti in Honduras in relation to that reported in other countries of the Central American isthmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Escobar
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (D.E.); (B.O.)
| | - Bryan Ortiz
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (D.E.); (B.O.)
| | - Oscar Urrutia
- Unidad de vigilancia de la salud, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras;
| | - Gustavo Fontecha
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (D.E.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-33935443
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10
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Bennett KL, McMillan WO, Loaiza JR. The genomic signal of local environmental adaptation in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1301-1313. [PMID: 34025769 PMCID: PMC8127705 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is important when predicting arthropod-borne disease risk because of its impacts on vector population fitness and persistence. However, the extent that vector populations are adapted to the environment generally remains unknown. Despite low population structure and high gene flow in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes across Panama, excepting the province of Bocas del Toro, we identified 128 candidate SNPs, clustered within 17 genes, which show a strong genomic signal of local environmental adaptation. This putatively adaptive variation occurred across fine geographical scales with the composition and frequency of candidate adaptive loci differing between populations in wet tropical environments along the Caribbean coast and dry tropical conditions typical of the Pacific coast. Temperature and vegetation were important predictors of adaptive genomic variation in Ae. aegypti with several potential areas of local adaptation identified. Our study lays the foundations of future work to understand whether environmental adaptation in Ae. aegypti impacts the arboviral disease landscape and whether this could either aid or hinder efforts of population control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Bennett
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa AnconRepublic of Panama
| | - W. Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa AnconRepublic of Panama
| | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboa AnconRepublic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta TecnologíaPanamáRepublic of Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en EntomologíaUniversidad de PanamáPanamáRepublic of Panama
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11
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Bennett KL, McMillan WO, Enríquez V, Barraza E, Díaz M, Baca B, Whiteman A, Cerro Medina J, Ducasa M, Gómez Martínez C, Almanza A, Rovira JR, Loaiza JR. The role of heterogenous environmental conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing Aedes mosquitoes in Panama: implications for the landscape of arboviral disease transmission. Biol Invasions 2021; 23:1933-1948. [PMID: 34776763 PMCID: PMC8550678 DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the invasion process of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus and its interaction with the contender Aedes aegypti, is critical to prevent and control the arthropod-borne viruses (i.e., Arboviruses) they transmit to humans. Generally, the superior ecological competitor Ae. albopictus displaces Ae. aegypti from most geographic areas, with the combining factors of biology and environment influencing the competitive outcome. Nonetheless, detailed studies asserting displacement come largely from sub-tropical areas, with relatively less effort being made in tropical environments, including no comprehensive research about Aedes biological interactions in Mesoamerica. Here, we examine contemporary and historical mosquito surveillance data to assess the role of shifting abiotic conditions in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of competing Aedes species in the Republic of Panama. In accordance with prior studies, we show that Ae. albopictus has displaced Ae. aegypti under suboptimal wet tropical climate conditions and more vegetated environments within the southwestern Azuero Peninsula. Conversely, in the eastern Azuero Peninsula, Ae. aegypti persists with Ae. albopictus under optimal niche conditions in a dry and more seasonal tropical climate. While species displacement was stable over the course of two years, the presence of both species generally appears to fluctuate in tandem in areas of coexistence. Aedes albopictus was always more frequently found and abundant regardless of location and climatic season. The heterogenous environmental conditions of Panama shape the competitive outcome and micro-geographic distribution of Aedes mosquitoes, with potential consequences for the transmission dynamics of urban and sylvatic zoonotic diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s10530-021-02482-y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Bennett
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - W. Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | | | | | | | | | - Ari Whiteman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Madeleine Ducasa
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Carmelo Gómez Martínez
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Alejandro Almanza
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Jose R. Rovira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, República de Panamá
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12
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Schmidt TL, Chung J, van Rooyen AR, Sly A, Weeks AR, Hoffmann AA. Incursion pathways of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) into Australia contrast sharply with those of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4202-4209. [PMID: 32592440 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding pest incursion pathways is critical for preventing new invasions and for stopping the transfer of alleles that reduce the efficacy of local control methods. The mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus) are both highly invasive disease vectors, and through a series of ongoing international incursions are continuing to colonize new regions and spread insecticide resistance alleles among established populations. This study uses high-resolution molecular markers and a set of 241 reference genotypes to trace incursion pathways of Ae. albopictus into mainland Australia, where no successful invasions have yet been observed. We contrast these results with incursion pathways of Ae. aegypti, investigated previously. RESULTS Assignments successfully identified China, Japan, Singapore and Taiwan as source locations. Incursion pathways of Ae. albopictus were entirely different to those of Ae. aegypti, despite broad sympatry of these species throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Incursions of Ae. albopictus appeared to have come predominantly along marine routes from key trading locations, while Ae. aegypti was mostly linked to aerial routes from tourism hotspots. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate how genomics can help decipher otherwise cryptic incursion pathways. The inclusion of reference genotypes from the Americas may help resolve some unsuccessful assignments. While many congeneric taxa will share common incursion pathways, this study highlights that this is not always the case, and incursion pathways of important taxa should be specifically investigated. Species differences in aerial and marine incursion rates may reflect the efficacy of ongoing control programmes such as aircraft disinsection. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Schmidt
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Angus Sly
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane Airport, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R Weeks
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- cesar Pty. Ltd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Zé-Zé L, Borges V, Osório HC, Machado J, Gomes JP, Alves MJ. Mitogenome diversity of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus: Detection of multiple introduction events in Portugal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008657. [PMID: 32997656 PMCID: PMC7549828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus, along with Ae. aegypti, are key arbovirus vectors that have been expanding their geographic range over the last decades. In 2017, Ae. albopictus was detected for the first time at two distinct locations in Portugal. In order to understand how the Ae. albopictus populations recently introduced in Portugal are genetically related and which is their likely route of invasion, we performed an integrative cytochrome C oxidase I gene (COI)- and mitogenome-based phylogeographic analysis of mosquitoes samples collected in Portugal in 2017 and 2018 in the context of the global Ae. albopictus diversity. COI-based analysis (31 partial sequences obtained from 83 mosquitoes) revealed five haplotypes (1 to 5), with haplotype 1 (which is widely distributed in temperate areas worldwide) being detected in both locations. Haplotypes 2 and 3 were exclusively found in Southern region (Algarve), while haplotype 4 and 5 were only detected in the North of Portugal (Penafiel, Oporto region). Subsequent high discriminatory analyses based on Ae. albopictus mitogenome (17 novel sequences) not only confirmed a high degree of genetic variability within and between populations at both geographic locations (compatible with the Ae. albopictus mosquito populations circulating in Europe), but also revealed two mitogenome mutational signatures not previously reported at worldwide level. While our results generally sustain the occurrence of multiple introduction events, fine mitogenome sequence inspection further indicates a possible Ae. albopictus migration within the country, from the Northern introduction locality to the Southern region. In summary, the observed scenario of high Ae. albopictus genetic diversity in Portugal, together with the detection of mosquitoes in successive years since 2017 in Algarve and Penafiel, points that both Ae. albopictus populations seem to be already locally established, as its presence has been reported for three consecutive years, raising the public health awareness for future mosquito-borne diseases outbreaks. In 2017, Aedes albopictus was reported for the first time in Portugal at two distinct locations, in the premises of a tire company in Penafiel, in the North, and nearby a golf course in Algarve, a tourism destination in the southernmost country region. The geographical spread of this species is promoted by egg and larvae transport in aquatic trade goods, as tires and aquatic plants, and adult anthropophilic behavior that favors passive land transportation. In Portugal, especially in the Southern region, temperate climate conditions are adequate for adult mosquitoes to survive most of the year. In a way to understand the genetic variability of Ae. albopictus populations introduced in Portugal, we analyzed 31 cytochrome C oxidase I gene (COI) partial sequences and 17 mitogenome sequences, integrating them in the context of the global Ae. albopictus phylogeographic diversity (i.e., 183 COI and 26 mitogenome sequences previously reported at worldwide level). Although COI haplotype 1 predominated, four additional haplotypes (2 to 5) were detected in Portugal. Subsequent in-depth mitogenome analysis revealed considerable genetic diversity, including not only sequences relating to mitogenomes reported mainly from Italy, Japan and China, but also two novel mitogenome mutational signatures. Our study indicates that Ae. albopictus is locally established in Portugal and intra-country dispersal may have already happened, highlighting the challenges for vector surveillance and control programs aiming at restraining arbovirus disease burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Líbia Zé-Zé
- Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Águas de Moura, Portugal
- BioISI—Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Vítor Borges
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Costa Osório
- Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Águas de Moura, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Machado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Alves
- Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Águas de Moura, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Schmidt TL, Chung J, Honnen AC, Weeks AR, Hoffmann AA. Population genomics of two invasive mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) from the Indo-Pacific. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008463. [PMID: 32678817 PMCID: PMC7390453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Ae. albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) are both common throughout the Indo-Pacific region, where 70% of global dengue transmission occurs. For Ae. aegypti all Indo-Pacific populations are invasive, having spread from an initial native range of Africa, while for Ae. albopictus the Indo-Pacific includes invasive populations and those from the native range: putatively, India to Japan to Southeast Asia. This study analyses the population genomics of 480 of these mosquitoes sampled from 27 locations in the Indo-Pacific. We investigated patterns of genome-wide genetic differentiation to compare pathways of invasion and ongoing gene flow in both species, and to compare invasive and native-range populations of Ae. albopictus. We also tested landscape genomic hypotheses that genetic differentiation would increase with geographical distance and be lower between locations with high connectivity to human transportation routes, the primary means of dispersal at these scales. We found that genetic distances were generally higher in Ae. aegypti, with Pacific populations the most highly differentiated. The most differentiated Ae. albopictus populations were in Vanuatu, Indonesia and Sri Lanka, the latter two representing potential native-range populations and potential cryptic subspeciation respectively. Genetic distances in Ae. aegypti increased with geographical distance, while in Ae. albopictus they decreased with higher connectivity to human transportation routes. Contrary to the situation in Ae. aegypti, we found evidence of long-distance Ae. albopictus colonisation events, including colonisation of Mauritius from East Asia and of Fiji from Southeast Asia. These direct genomic comparisons indicate likely differences in dispersal ecology in these species, despite their broadly sympatric distributions and similar use of human transport to disperse. Our findings will assist biosecurity operations to trace the source of invasive material and for biocontrol operations that benefit from matching genetic backgrounds of released and local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Schmidt
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Chung
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann-Christin Honnen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew R. Weeks
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- cesar Pty Ltd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Vega-Rúa A, Marconcini M, Madec Y, Manni M, Carraretto D, Gomulski LM, Gasperi G, Failloux AB, Malacrida AR. Vector competence of Aedes albopictus populations for chikungunya virus is shaped by their demographic history. Commun Biol 2020; 3:326. [PMID: 32581265 PMCID: PMC7314749 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes albopictus is one of the most dangerous invasive species. Its worldwide spread has created health concerns as it is a major vector of arboviruses of public health significance such as chikungunya (CHIKV). Dynamics of different genetic backgrounds and admixture events may have impacted competence for CHIKV in adventive populations. Using microsatellites, we infer the genetic structure of populations across the expansion areas that we then associate with their competence for different CHIKV genotypes. Here we show that the demographic history of Ae. albopictus populations is a consequence of rapid complex patterns of historical lineage diversification and divergence that influenced their competence for CHIKV. The history of adventive populations is associated with CHIKV genotypes in a genotype-by-genotype interaction that impacts their vector competence. Thus, knowledge of the demographic history and vector competence of invasive mosquitoes is pivotal for assessing the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in newly colonized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubis Vega-Rúa
- Laboratory of Vector Control Research, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, 97139, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Michele Marconcini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yoann Madec
- Department of Infection and Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Mosè Manni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1 rue Michel-Servet 1211 Genève and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Carraretto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludvik Marcus Gomulski
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Gasperi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris, France.
| | - Anna Rodolfa Malacrida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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16
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Salgueiro P, Serrano C, Gomes B, Alves J, Sousa CA, Abecasis A, Pinto J. Phylogeography and invasion history of Aedes aegypti, the Dengue and Zika mosquito vector in Cape Verde islands (West Africa). Evol Appl 2019; 12:1797-1811. [PMID: 31548858 PMCID: PMC6752157 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes-borne arboviruses have spread globally with outbreaks of vast impact on human populations and health systems. The West African archipelago of Cape Verde had its first outbreak of Dengue in 2009, at the time the largest recorded in Africa, and was one of the few African countries affected by the Zika virus epidemic. Aedes aegypti was the mosquito vector involved in both outbreaks. We performed a phylogeographic and population genetics study of A. aegypti in Cape Verde in order to infer the geographic origin and evolutionary history of this mosquito. These results are discussed with respect to the implications for vector control and prevention of future outbreaks. Mosquitoes captured before and after the Dengue outbreak on the islands of Santiago, Brava, and Fogo were analyzed with two mitochondrial genes COI and ND4, 14 microsatellite loci and five kdr mutations. Genetic variability was comparable to other African populations. Our results suggest that A. aegypti invaded Cape Verde at the beginning of the Holocene from West Africa. Given the historic importance of Cape Verde in the transatlantic trade of the 16th-17th centuries, a possible contribution to the genetic pool of the founding populations in the New World cannot be fully discarded. However, contemporary gene flow with the Americas is likely to be infrequent. No kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected. The implications for vector control and prevention of future outbreaks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Salgueiro
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)LisboaPortugal
| | - Célia Serrano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)LisboaPortugal
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)LisboaPortugal
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC)Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Rio de JaneiroBrasil
| | - Joana Alves
- Direção Geral de Saúde/Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde de Cabo VerdePraiaCabo Verde
| | - Carla A. Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)LisboaPortugal
| | - Ana Abecasis
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)LisboaPortugal
| | - João Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)LisboaPortugal
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Whiteman A, Desjardins MR, Eskildsen GA, Loaiza JR. Detecting space-time clusters of dengue fever in Panama after adjusting for vector surveillance data. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007266. [PMID: 31545819 PMCID: PMC6776363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Long term surveillance of vectors and arboviruses is an integral aspect of disease prevention and control systems in countries affected by increasing risk. Yet, little effort has been made to adjust space-time risk estimation by integrating disease case counts with vector surveillance data, which may result in inaccurate risk projection when several vector species are present, and when little is known about their likely role in local transmission. Here, we integrate 13 years of dengue case surveillance and associated Aedes occurrence data across 462 localities in 63 districts to estimate the risk of infection in the Republic of Panama. Our exploratory space-time modelling approach detected the presence of five clusters, which varied by duration, relative risk, and spatial extent after incorporating vector species as covariates. The Ae. aegypti model contained the highest number of districts with more dengue cases than would be expected given baseline population levels, followed by the model accounting for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. This implies that arbovirus case surveillance coupled with entomological surveillance can affect cluster detection and risk estimation, potentially improving efforts to understand outbreak dynamics at national scales. Dengue cases have increased in tropical regions worldwide owing to urbanization, globalization, and climate change facilitating the spread of Aedes mosquito vectors. National surveillance programs monitor trends in dengue fever and inform the public about epidemiological scenarios where outbreak preventive actions are most needed. Yet, most estimations of dengue risk so far derive only from disease case data, ignoring Aedes occurrence as a key aspect of dengue transmission dynamic. Here we illustrate how incorporating vector presence and absence as a model covariate can considerably alter the characteristics of space-time cluster estimations of dengue cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Whiteman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Center for Applied Geographic Information Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael R. Desjardins
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Center for Applied Geographic Information Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Jose R. Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Bennett KL, Gómez-Martínez C, Chin Y, Saltonstall K, McMillan WO, Rovira JR, Loaiza JR. Dynamics and diversity of bacteria associated with the disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12160. [PMID: 31434963 PMCID: PMC6704126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus develop in the same aquatic sites where they encounter microorganisms that influence their life history and capacity to transmit human arboviruses. Some bacteria such as Wolbachia are currently being considered for the control of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. Yet little is known about the dynamics and diversity of Aedes-associated bacteria, including larval habitat features that shape their tempo-spatial distribution. We applied large-scale 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to 960 adults and larvae of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from 59 sampling sites widely distributed across nine provinces of Panama. We find both species share a limited, yet highly variable core microbiota, reflecting high stochasticity within their oviposition habitats. Despite sharing a large proportion of microbiota, Ae. aegypti harbours higher bacterial diversity than Ae. albopictus, primarily due to rarer bacterial groups at the larval stage. We find significant differences between the bacterial communities of larvae and adult mosquitoes, and among samples from metal and ceramic containers. However, we find little support for geography, water temperature and pH as predictors of bacterial associates. We report a low incidence of natural Wolbachia infection for both Aedes and its geographical distribution. This baseline information provides a foundation for studies on the functions and interactions of Aedes-associated bacteria with consequences for bio-control within Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Bennett
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.
| | - Carmelo Gómez-Martínez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado, 0843-01103, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Yamileth Chin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Kristin Saltonstall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Jose R Rovira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama.,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado, 0843-01103, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama
| | - Jose R Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. .,Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado, 0843-01103, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama. .,Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.
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19
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Whiteman A, Gomez C, Rovira J, Chen G, McMillan WO, Loaiza J. Aedes Mosquito Infestation in Socioeconomically Contrasting Neighborhoods of Panama City. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:210-221. [PMID: 31114946 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global expansion and proliferation of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus represents a growing public health threat due to their capacity to transmit a variety of arboviruses to humans, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. Particularly important in urban regions, where these species have evolved to breed in man-made containers and feed nearly exclusively on human hosts, the threat of vector-borne disease has risen in recent decades due to the growth of cities, progression of climate change, and increase in globalization. While the dynamics of Aedes populations in urban settings have been well studied in relation to ecological features of the landscape, relatively less is known about the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and Aedes infestation. Here, we compare infestation levels of both A. aegypti and A. albopictus in four socioeconomically contrasting neighborhoods of urban Panama City, Panama. Our results indicate that infestation levels for both Aedes species vary between neighborhoods of contrasting socioeconomic status, being higher in neighborhoods having lower percentage of residents with bachelor degrees and lower monthly household income. Additionally, we find that proximity between socioeconomically contrasting neighborhoods can predict infestation levels by species, with A. aegypti increasing and A. albopictus decreasing with proximity between neighborhoods. These findings hold key implications for the control and prevention of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in Panama, a region with ongoing arbovirus outbreaks and high economic inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Whiteman
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
| | - Carmelo Gomez
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jose Rovira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Jose Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), P.O. Box 0843-01103, Panama, Republic of Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama, Republic of Panama
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Bennett KL, Gómez Martínez C, Almanza A, Rovira JR, McMillan WO, Enriquez V, Barraza E, Diaz M, Sanchez-Galan JE, Whiteman A, Gittens RA, Loaiza JR. High infestation of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in used tires along the local transport network of Panama. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:264. [PMID: 31133041 PMCID: PMC6537307 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-distance dispersal of the invasive disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus has introduced arthropod-borne viruses into new geographical regions, causing a significant medical and economic burden. The used-tire industry is an effective means of Aedes dispersal, yet studies to determine Aedes occurrence and the factors influencing their distribution along local transport networks are lacking. To assess infestation along the primary transport network of Panama we documented all existing garages that trade used tires on the highway and surveyed a subset for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We also assess the ability of a mass spectrometry approach to classify mosquito eggs by comparing our findings to those based on traditional larval surveillance. RESULTS Both Aedes species had a high infestation rate in garages trading used tires along the highways, providing a conduit for rapid dispersal across Panama. However, generalized linear models revealed that the presence of Ae. aegypti is associated with an increase in road density by a log-odds of 0.44 (0.73 ± 0.16; P = 0.002), while the presence of Ae. albopictus is associated with a decrease in road density by a log-odds of 0.36 (0.09 ± 0.63; P = 0.008). Identification of mosquito eggs by mass spectrometry depicted similar occurrence patterns for both Aedes species as that obtained with traditional rearing methods. CONCLUSIONS Garages trading used tires along highways should be targeted for the surveillance and control of Aedes-mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. The identification of mosquito eggs using mass spectrometry allows for the rapid evaluation of Aedes presence, affording time and cost advantages over traditional vector surveillance; this is of importance for disease risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Bennett
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Alejandro Almanza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - Jose R Rovira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | | | | | | | | | - Ari Whiteman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Rolando A Gittens
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, Republic of Panama.
| | - Jose R Loaiza
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, Republic of Panama.
- Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Republic of Panama.
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Loaiza JR, Miller MJ. Historical and contemporary forces combine to shape patterns of genetic differentiation in two species of MesoamericanAnophelesmosquitoes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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