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Qin H, Luo J, Zhao N, Lou W, Chen P, Wang H, Pan Z, Xiong X. Xuanfei Formula inhibited RSV infection by normalizing the SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis process. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387062. [PMID: 38765687 PMCID: PMC11100329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly, often progressing to pneumonia and severe sequelae. However, there are currently no feasible and cost-effective interventions with proven efficacy for children, making medications with anti-RSV activity urgently needed. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in alleviating viral infection symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to develop effective strategies for RSV treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine. Methods and results The infection status was assessed in BALB/c mice with or without Xuanfei Formula (XFF) treatment over a one-week period using H&E staining, cytokine assays and RSV titer testing after RSV challenge. Remarkably, on the first day of XFF intervention, both the pro-inflammation cytokine levels in the serum and RSV-N gene copies in the lung of mice were plummeted, compared to the RSV-infected group. This implied that XFF might possess the immune-independent anti-RSV capability. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we employed transcriptome analysis followed by k-means analysis. The reversal effects of XFF against RSV primarily focused on the processes of innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, we found that XFF administration corrected the disordered fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism processes during RSV infection. Lipidomics profiling indicated consistent cholesterol abundance with transcriptional changes but not fatty acids. Cholesterol synthesis-related genes mRNA levels and cholesterol synthesis intermediates detection supported XFF's repression upon cholesterol biosynthesis. Aberrantly increased cholesterol production has been reported as necessary for RSV infection. To mimic that, we observed lovastatin treatment inhibited RSV replication and pro-inflammation cytokine expression in vitro. Transcription factor prediction of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cholesterol synthesis implicated SREBP2. Through network pharmacology, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were identified as the effective active ingredients within the XFF, with the help of further molecular docking and mass spectrum detection. In vitro experiments demonstrated β-sitosterol and stigmasterol reinforced the bonding between SREBP cleavage-activation protein (SCAP) and insulin-induced gene proteins (INSIGs) to inhibit SREBP2 cleavage maturation and consequent RSV infection. Conclusion Xuanfei Formula (XFF) exhibits excellent anti-RSV efficacy by inhibiting SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis to reduce RSV replication and ameliorate inflammation in the lung of infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wange Lou
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihao Wang
- Information Department, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zishu Pan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Whiley L, Lawler NG, Zeng AX, Lee A, Chin ST, Bizkarguenaga M, Bruzzone C, Embade N, Wist J, Holmes E, Millet O, Nicholson JK, Gray N. Cross-Validation of Metabolic Phenotypes in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Subpopulations Using Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1313-1327. [PMID: 38484742 PMCID: PMC11002931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
To ensure biological validity in metabolic phenotyping, findings must be replicated in independent sample sets. Targeted workflows have long been heralded as ideal platforms for such validation due to their robust quantitative capability. We evaluated the capability of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays targeting organic acids and bile acids to validate metabolic phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two independent sample sets were collected: (1) Australia: plasma, SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 20), noninfected healthy controls (n = 22) and COVID-19 disease-like symptoms but negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 22). (2) Spain: serum, SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 33) and noninfected healthy controls (n = 39). Multivariate modeling using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) classified healthy controls from SARS-CoV-2 positive (Australia; R2 = 0.17, ROC-AUC = 1; Spain R2 = 0.20, ROC-AUC = 1). Univariate analyses revealed 23 significantly different (p < 0.05) metabolites between healthy controls and SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals across both cohorts. Significant metabolites revealed consistent perturbations in cellular energy metabolism (pyruvic acid, and 2-oxoglutaric acid), oxidative stress (lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid), hypoxia (2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid), liver activity (primary bile acids), and host-gut microbial cometabolism (hippuric acid, phenylpropionic acid, indole-3-propionic acid). These data support targeted LC-MS metabolic phenotyping workflows for biological validation in independent sample sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Whiley
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute Harry
Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Nathan G. Lawler
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute Harry
Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Annie Xu Zeng
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Alex Lee
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sung-Tong Chin
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Maider Bizkarguenaga
- Centro
de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias—CIC bioGUNE,
Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Basque Research and
Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Science and
Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Chiara Bruzzone
- Centro
de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias—CIC bioGUNE,
Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Basque Research and
Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Science and
Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Nieves Embade
- Centro
de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias—CIC bioGUNE,
Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Basque Research and
Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Science and
Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute Harry
Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute Harry
Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department
of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Oscar Millet
- Centro
de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias—CIC bioGUNE,
Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Basque Research and
Technology Alliance, Bizkaia Science and
Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute Harry
Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Institute
of Global Health Innovation, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian
National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute Harry Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Centre
for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute Harry
Perkins Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Morris DR, Qu Y, Jones-Hall YL, Liu T, Ivanciuc T, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Hypoxia-inducible-factors differentially contribute to clinical disease and the control of viral replication during RSV infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.15.553422. [PMID: 37645750 PMCID: PMC10461990 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible-factors (HIF) are transcription factors that regulate cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions, enabling cells to survive in low-oxygen environments. Viruses have evolved to stabilize this pathway to promote successful viral infection, therefore modulation of HIFs could represent a novel antiviral strategy. In previous in vitro studies, we found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of respiratory illness, stabilizes HIFs under normoxic conditions, with inhibition of HIF-1α resulting in reduced viral replication. Despite several HIF modulating compounds being tested/approved for use in other non-infectious models, little is known about their efficacy against respiratory viruses using relevant animal models. This study aimed to characterize the disease modulating properties and antiviral potential of anti-HIF-1α (PX478) and anti-HIF-2α (PT2385) in RSV-infected BALB/c mice. We found that inhibition of HIF-1α worsen clinical disease parameters, while simultaneously improving airway function. Additionally, anti-HIF-1α results in significantly reduced viral titer at early and peak time points of RSV replication, followed by a loss in viral clearance when given every day, but not every-other-day. In contrast, inhibition of HIF-2α was associated with improved clinical parameters, with no changes in airway function, and amelioration of interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, anti-HIF-2α reduced early and peak lung viral replication, with no impairment of viral clearance. Analysis of lung cells found significant modification in the T cell compartment that correlated with changes in lung pathology and viral titers in response to each HIF inhibitor administration. These data underscore the complex role of HIFs in RSV infection and highlight the need for careful therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea R. Morris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- School of Population & Public Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yava L. Jones-Hall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tianshuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Teodora Ivanciuc
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Luganini A, Sibille G, Pavan M, Mello Grand M, Sainas S, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Chiorino G, Gribaudo G. Mechanisms of antiviral activity of the new hDHODH inhibitor MEDS433 against respiratory syncytial virus replication. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105734. [PMID: 37852322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections, for which no effective drugs are currently available. The development of new effective anti-RSV agents is therefore an urgent priority, and Host-Targeting Antivirals (HTAs) can be considered to target RSV infections. As a contribution to this antiviral avenue, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms of the anti-RSV activity of MEDS433, a new inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (hDHODH), a key cellular enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. MEDS433 was found to exert a potent antiviral activity against RSV-A and RSV-B in the one-digit nanomolar range. Analysis of the RSV replication cycle in MEDS433-treated cells, revealed that the hDHODH inhibitor suppressed the synthesis of viral genome, consistently with its ability to specifically target hDHODH enzymatic activity. Then, the capability of MEDS433 to induce the expression of antiviral proteins encoded by Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) was identified as a second mechanism of its antiviral activity against RSV. Indeed, MEDS433 stimulated secretion of IFN-β and IFN-λ1 that, in turn, induced the expression of some ISG antiviral proteins, such as IFI6, IFITM1 and IRF7. Singly expression of these ISG proteins reduced RSV-A replication, thus likely contributing to the overall anti-RSV activity of MEDS433. Lastly, MEDS433 proved to be effective against RSV-A replication even in a primary human small airway epithelial cell model. Taken as a whole, these observations provide new insights for further development of MEDS433, as a promising candidate to develop new strategies for treatment of RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Sibille
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Sciences and Technology, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy.
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Chen LF, Cai JX, Zhang JJ, Tang YJ, Chen JY, Xiong S, Li YL, Zhang H, Liu Z, Li MM. Respiratory syncytial virus co-opts hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mediated glycolysis to favor the production of infectious virus. mBio 2023; 14:e0211023. [PMID: 37796013 PMCID: PMC10653832 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02110-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading etiological agent of lower respiratory tract illness. However, efficacious vaccines or antiviral drugs for treating RSV infections are currently not available. Indeed, RSV depends on host cells to provide energy needed to produce progeny virions. Glycolysis is a series of oxidative reactions used to metabolize glucose and provide energy to host cells. Therefore, glycolysis may be helpful for RSV infection. In this study, we show that RSV increases glycolysis by inducing the stabilization, transcription, translation, and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in infected cells, which is important for the production of progeny RSV virions. This study contributes to understanding the molecular mechanism by which HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis controls RSV infection and reveals an effective target for the development of highly efficient anti-RSV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Xing Cai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Jun Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Lan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Man-Mei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lu Y, Xu S, Sun H, Shan J, Shen C, Ji J, Lin L, Xu J, Peng L, Dai C, Xie T. Analysis of temporal metabolic rewiring for human respiratory syncytial virus infection by integrating metabolomics and proteomics. Metabolomics 2023; 19:30. [PMID: 36991292 PMCID: PMC10057675 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection causes significant morbidity, and no effective treatments are currently available. Viral infections induce substantial metabolic changes in the infected cells to optimize viral production. Metabolites that reflect the interactions between host cells and viruses provided an opportunity to identify the pathways underlying severe infections. OBJECTIVE To better understand the metabolic changes caused by HRSV infection, we analyzed temporal metabolic profiling to provide novel targets for therapeutic strategies for inhaled HRSV infection. METHODS The epithelial cells and BALB/c mice were infected with HRSV. Protein and mRNA levels of inflammation factors were measured by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics were performed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to profile the metabolic phenotypic alterations in HRSV infection. RESULTS In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro and investigated the temporal metabolic rewiring of HRSV infection in epithelial cells. We combined metabolomics and proteomic analyses to demonstrate that the redox imbalance was further provoked by increasing glycolysis and anaplerotic reactions. These responses created an oxidant-rich microenvironment that elevated reactive oxygen species levels and exacerbated glutathione consumption. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that adjusting for metabolic events during a viral infection could represent a valuable approach for reshaping the outcome of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianya Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linxiu Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Experimental Teaching Center of Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Tang H, Abouleila Y, Saris A, Shimizu Y, Ottenhoff THM, Mashaghi A. Ebola virus-like particles reprogram cellular metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:557-568. [PMID: 36959259 PMCID: PMC10036248 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus can trigger a release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with subsequent vascular leakage and impairment of clotting finally leading to multiorgan failure and shock after entering and infecting patients. Ebola virus is known to directly target endothelial cells and macrophages, even without infecting them, through direct interactions with viral proteins. These interactions affect cellular mechanics and immune processes, which are tightly linked to other key cellular functions such as metabolism. However, research regarding metabolic activity of these cells upon viral exposure remains limited, hampering our understanding of its pathophysiology and progression. Therefore, in the present study, an untargeted cellular metabolomic approach was performed to investigate the metabolic alterations of primary human endothelial cells and M1 and M2 macrophages upon exposure to Ebola virus-like particles (VLP). The results show that Ebola VLP led to metabolic changes among endothelial, M1, and M2 cells. Differential metabolite abundance and perturbed signaling pathway analysis further identified specific metabolic features, mainly in fatty acid-, steroid-, and amino acid-related metabolism pathways for all the three cell types, in a host cell specific manner. Taken together, this work characterized for the first time the metabolic alternations of endothelial cells and two primary human macrophage subtypes after Ebola VLP exposure, and identified the potential metabolites and pathways differentially affected, highlighting the important role of those host cells in disease development and progression. KEY MESSAGES: • Ebola VLP can lead to metabolic alternations in endothelial cells and M1 and M2 macrophages. • Differential abundance of metabolites, mainly including fatty acids and sterol lipids, was observed after Ebola VLP exposure. • Multiple fatty acid-, steroid-, and amino acid-related metabolism pathways were observed perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Tang
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmine Abouleila
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Huang P, Wang X, Lei M, Ma Y, Chen H, Sun J, Hu Y, Shi J. Metabolomics Profiles Reveal New Insights of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021521. [PMID: 36675052 PMCID: PMC9862159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that can cause significant morbidity, primarily facial cold sores and herpes simplex encephalitis. Previous studies have shown that a variety of viruses can reprogram the metabolic profiles of host cells to facilitate self-replication. In order to further elucidate the metabolic interactions between the host cell and HSV-1, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the metabolic profiles in human lung fibroblasts KMB17 infected with HSV-1. The results showed that 654 and 474 differential metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, respectively, and 169 and 114 metabolic pathways that might be altered were screened. These altered metabolites are mainly involved in central carbon metabolism, choline metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, bile secretion, and prolactin signaling pathway. Further, we confirmed that the addition of tryptophan metabolite kynurenine promotes HSV-1 replication, and the addition of 25-Hydroxycholesterol inhibits viral replication. Significantly, HSV-1 replication was obviously enhanced in the ChOKα (a choline metabolic rate-limiting enzyme) deficient mouse macrophages. These results indicated that HSV-1 induces the metabolic reprogramming of host cells to promote or resist viral replication. Taken together, these observations highlighted the significance of host cell metabolism in HSV-1 replication, which would help to clarify the pathogenesis of HSV-1 and identify new anti-HSV-1 therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Huang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Mengyue Lei
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-871-68335334 (Jiandong Shi); Fax: +86-871-68175829 (Jiandong Shi)
| | - Yunzhang Hu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jiandong Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and Research, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-871-68335334 (Jiandong Shi); Fax: +86-871-68175829 (Jiandong Shi)
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9
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Mao Y, Bajinka O, Tang Z, Qiu X, Tan Y. Lung-brain axis: Metabolomics and pathological changes in lungs and brain of respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5885-5893. [PMID: 35945613 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The lung-brain axis is an emerging area of study that got its basis from the gut-brain axis biological pathway. Using Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) as the model of respiratory viral pathogen, this study aims to establish some biological pathways. After establishing the mice model, the inflammation in lung and brain were assayed using Hematoxylin-eosin staining, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The biological pathways between lung and brain were detected through metabolomics analysis. In lung, RSV infection promoted epithelial shedding and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, RSV immunofluorescence and titerss were significantly increased. Moreover, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also significantly increased after RSV infection. In brain, the cell structure of hippocampal CA1 area was loose and disordered. Inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β expression in the brain also increased, however, TNF-α expression showed no differences among the control and RSV group. We observed an increased expression of microglia biomarker IBA-1 and decreased neuronal biomarker NeuN. In addition, RSV mRNA expression levels were also increased in the brains. 15 metabolites were found upregulated in the RSV group including nerve-injuring metabolite glutaric acid, hydroxyglutaric acid and Spermine. ɑ-Estradiol increased significantly while normorphine decreased significantly at Day 7 of infection among the RSV group. This study established a mouse model for exploring the pathological changes in lungs and brains. There are many biological pathways between lung and brain, including direct translocation of RSV and metabolite pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Serekunda, Gambia
| | - Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangjie Qiu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Karimi Z, Oskouie AA, Rezaie F, Ajaminejad F, Marashi SM, Azad TM. The Effect of Influenza Virus on The Metabolism of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Metabolomics Approach. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4383-4392. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Karimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- Department of Basic, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farhad Rezaie
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Ajaminejad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
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11
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Allen CNS, Arjona SP, Santerre M, Sawaya BE. Hallmarks of Metabolic Reprogramming and Their Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:602. [PMID: 35337009 PMCID: PMC8955778 DOI: 10.3390/v14030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer and has proven to be critical in viral infections. Metabolic reprogramming provides the cell with energy and biomass for large-scale biosynthesis. Based on studies of the cellular changes that contribute to metabolic reprogramming, seven main hallmarks can be identified: (1) increased glycolysis and lactic acid, (2) increased glutaminolysis, (3) increased pentose phosphate pathway, (4) mitochondrial changes, (5) increased lipid metabolism, (6) changes in amino acid metabolism, and (7) changes in other biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways. Viruses depend on metabolic reprogramming to increase biomass to fuel viral genome replication and production of new virions. Viruses take advantage of the non-metabolic effects of metabolic reprogramming, creating an anti-apoptotic environment and evading the immune system. Other non-metabolic effects can negatively affect cellular function. Understanding the role metabolic reprogramming plays in viral pathogenesis may provide better therapeutic targets for antivirals.
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12
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Wijayasinghe YS, Bhansali MP, Borkar MR, Chaturbhuj GU, Muntean BS, Viola RE, Bhansali PR. A Comprehensive Biological and Synthetic Perspective on 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose (2-DG), A Sweet Molecule with Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potentials. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3706-3728. [PMID: 35192360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose, the primary substrate for ATP synthesis, is catabolized during glycolysis to generate ATP and precursors for the synthesis of other vital biomolecules. Opportunistic viruses and cancer cells often hijack this metabolic machinery to obtain energy and components needed for their replication and proliferation. One way to halt such energy-dependent processes is by interfering with the glycolytic pathway. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is a synthetic glucose analogue that can inhibit key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. The efficacy of 2-DG has been reported across an array of diseases and disorders, thereby demonstrating its broad therapeutic potential. Recent approval of 2-DG in India as a therapeutic approach for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to this molecule. The purpose of this perspective is to present updated therapeutic avenues as well as a variety of chemical synthetic strategies for this medically useful sugar derivative, 2-DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasanandana S Wijayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Maheshkumar R Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh U Chaturbhuj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Ronald E Viola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Pravin R Bhansali
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alliance University, Chikkahagade Cross, Chandapura-Anekal Main Road, Anekal, Bengaluru 562106, Karnataka, India
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13
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Xie H, Ai Q, Tong T, Liao M, Fan H. PEDV infection affects the expression of polyamine-related genes inhibiting viral proliferation. Virus Res 2022; 312:198708. [PMID: 35151773 PMCID: PMC8830936 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alpha-coronavirus that causes epidemic diarrhea in swines. The mortality of PEDV infection in one-week-old piglets is extremely high, which causes a huge significant economic loss to the global pig husbandry and blocks its healthy development. There was a lack of adequate studies to elucidate pathogenic mechanism associated with PEDV infection. In the present study, we detected the expression profiles of polyamine metabolism associated genes in Vero cells infected with PEDV by RT-qPCR. It is shown that PAOX(acetylpolyamine oxidase), SMOX(spermine oxidase), SAT1(spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase 1), ODC1(ornithine decarboxylase 1), DHPS(deoxyhypusine synthase) and EIF5A( eukaryotic initiation factor 5A) were significantly upregulated. Through intervening SAT1 level in PEDV-infected Vero cells, it is identified that overexpression of SAT1 inhibited PEDV replication by reducing polyamine levels. Furthermore, polyamine depletion and upregulation were found to regulate the proliferation of PEDV. PEDV infection in Vero cells did not result in a significant change in the protein level of eIF5A, and in addition, the activated eIF5A did not affect the proliferation of PEDV. Our results provided new insights into the influence of polyamine metabolism on the proliferation of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangao Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, China.
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14
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Li S, Zhao F, Ye J, Li K, Wang Q, Du Z, Yue Q, Wang S, Wu Q, Chen H. Cellular metabolic basis of altered immunity in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:49-69. [PMID: 35022857 PMCID: PMC8755516 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-021-00727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways drive cellular behavior. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes lung tissue damage directly by targeting cells or indirectly by producing inflammatory cytokines. However, whether functional alterations are related to metabolic changes in lung cells after SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the lung single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data of several deceased COVID-19 patients and focused on changes in transcripts associated with cellular metabolism. We observed upregulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in alveolar type 2 progenitor cells, which may block alveolar epithelial differentiation and surfactant secretion. Elevated inositol phosphate metabolism in airway progenitor cells may promote neutrophil infiltration and damage the lung barrier. Further, multiple metabolic alterations in the airway goblet cells are associated with impaired muco-ciliary clearance. Increased glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and inositol phosphate metabolism not only enhance macrophage activation but also contribute to SARS-CoV-2 induced lung injury. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells may be enhanced by glycerolipid and inositol phosphate metabolism. Glycolytic activation in fibroblasts is related to myofibroblast differentiation and fibrogenesis. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutathione metabolism may also boost the aging, apoptosis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In conclusion, this preliminary study revealed a possible cellular metabolic basis for the altered innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and niche cell function in the lung after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, patients with COVID-19 may benefit from therapeutic strategies targeting cellular metabolism in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fuxiaonan Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhongchao Du
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 890 Jingu Road, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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15
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Pellon A, Begum N, Sadeghi Nasab SD, Harzandi A, Shoaie S, Moyes DL. Role of Cellular Metabolism during Candida-Host Interactions. Pathogens 2022; 11:184. [PMID: 35215128 PMCID: PMC8875223 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microscopic fungi are widely present in the environment and, more importantly, are also an essential part of the human healthy mycobiota. However, many species can become pathogenic under certain circumstances, with Candida spp. being the most clinically relevant fungi. In recent years, the importance of metabolism and nutrient availability for fungi-host interactions have been highlighted. Upon activation, immune and other host cells reshape their metabolism to fulfil the energy-demanding process of generating an immune response. This includes macrophage upregulation of glucose uptake and processing via aerobic glycolysis. On the other side, Candida modulates its metabolic pathways to adapt to the usually hostile environment in the host, such as the lumen of phagolysosomes. Further understanding on metabolic interactions between host and fungal cells would potentially lead to novel/enhanced antifungal therapies to fight these infections. Therefore, this review paper focuses on how cellular metabolism, of both host cells and Candida, and the nutritional environment impact on the interplay between host and fungal cells.
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16
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Brasier AR, Qiao D, Zhao Y. The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway Links Innate Inflammation With Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Airway Remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:808735. [PMID: 35002741 PMCID: PMC8727908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.808735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the lower airway epithelial barrier plays a major role in the initiation and progression of chronic lung disease. Here, repetitive environmental insults produced by viral and allergens triggers metabolic adaptations, epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and airway remodeling. Epithelial plasticity disrupts epithelial barrier function, stimulates release of fibroblastic growth factors, and remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review will focus on recent work demonstrating how the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) links innate inflammation to airway remodeling. The HBP is a core metabolic pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) responsible for protein N-glycosylation, relief of proteotoxic stress and secretion of ECM modifiers. We will overview findings that the IκB kinase (IKK)-NFκB pathway directly activates expression of the SNAI-ZEB1 mesenchymal transcription factor module through regulation of the Bromodomain Containing Protein 4 (BRD4) chromatin modifier. BRD4 mediates transcriptional elongation of SNAI1-ZEB as well as enhancing chromatin accessibility and transcription of fibroblast growth factors, ECM and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, recent exciting findings that IKK cross-talks with the UPR by controlling phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the autoregulatory XBP1s transcription factor are presented. HBP is required for N glycosylation and secretion of ECM components that play an important signaling role in airway remodeling. This interplay between innate inflammation, metabolic reprogramming and lower airway plasticity expands a population of subepithelial myofibroblasts by secreting fibroblastic growth factors, producing changes in ECM tensile strength, and fibroblast stimulation by MMP binding. Through these actions on myofibroblasts, EMP in lower airway cells produces expansion of the lamina reticularis and promotes airway remodeling. In this manner, metabolic reprogramming by the HBP mediates environmental insult-induced inflammation with remodeling in chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dianhua Qiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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17
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Zhou B, Stueve TR, Mihalakakos EA, Miao L, Mullen D, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo J, Tran E, Siegmund KD, Lynch SK, Ryan AL, Offringa IA, Borok Z, Marconett CN. Comprehensive epigenomic profiling of human alveolar epithelial differentiation identifies key epigenetic states and transcription factor co-regulatory networks for maintenance of distal lung identity. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:906. [PMID: 34922464 PMCID: PMC8684104 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation is implicated in distal lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung adenocarcinoma that impact morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elucidating underlying disease pathogenesis requires a mechanistic molecular understanding of AEC differentiation. Previous studies have focused on changes of individual transcription factors, and to date no study has comprehensively characterized the dynamic, global epigenomic alterations that facilitate this critical differentiation process in humans. RESULTS We comprehensively profiled the epigenomic states of human AECs during type 2 to type 1-like cell differentiation, including the methylome and chromatin functional domains, and integrated this with transcriptome-wide RNA expression data. Enhancer regions were drastically altered during AEC differentiation. Transcription factor binding analysis within enhancer regions revealed diverse interactive networks with enrichment for many transcription factors, including NKX2-1 and FOXA family members, as well as transcription factors with less well characterized roles in AEC differentiation, such as members of the MEF2, TEAD, and AP1 families. Additionally, associations among transcription factors changed during differentiation, implicating a complex network of heterotrimeric complex switching in driving differentiation. Integration of AEC enhancer states with the catalog of enhancer elements in the Roadmap Epigenomics Mapping Consortium and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) revealed that AECs have similar epigenomic structures to other profiled epithelial cell types, including human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), with NKX2-1 serving as a distinguishing feature of distal lung differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Enhancer regions are hotspots of epigenomic alteration that regulate AEC differentiation. Furthermore, the differentiation process is regulated by dynamic networks of transcription factors acting in concert, rather than individually. These findings provide a roadmap for understanding the relationship between disruption of the epigenetic state during AEC differentiation and development of lung diseases that may be therapeutically amenable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - T R Stueve
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - E A Mihalakakos
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - L Miao
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - D Mullen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - J Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - E Tran
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - K D Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - S K Lynch
- Department of Engineering, Test Manufacturing Group, MAXIM Integrated Products, Sunnyvale, CA, 95134, USA
| | - A L Ryan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - I A Offringa
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Z Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - C N Marconett
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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18
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He L, Hu X, Day DB, Yan M, Teng Y, Liu XL, Yan E, Xiang J, Qiu X, Mo J, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ, Gong J. The associations of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures with plasma glucose and amino acids. Environ Pollut 2021; 289:117945. [PMID: 34426189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) have been widely studied for their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. This study aims to investigate whether exposure to nitro-PAHs is associated with biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism, an underlying risk factor for metabolic disorder. Early morning urine and blood samples were longitudinally collected two times with a four-week interval from 43 healthy adults. Five urinary amino-PAHs (1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, 9-aminophenanthrene, 2-aminofluorene, and 1-aminopyrene) were measured as biomarkers of nitro-PAH exposures. We measured plasma concentrations of glucose and six amino acids that can regulate insulin secretion, including aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala), Arginine (Arg), and ornithine (Orn). We found that increasing concentrations of 9-aminophenanthrene were significantly associated with increasing glucose levels and with decreasing Asp, Glu, Ala, and Orn levels. We estimated that 26.4 %-43.8 % of the 9-aminophenanthrene-associated increase in glucose level was mediated by Asp, Glu, and Orn. These results suggest that exposure to certain nitro-PAHs affects glucose homeostasis, partly resulting from the depletion of insulin-stimulating amino acids (Asp, Glu, and Orn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xinyan Hu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, United States
| | - Meilin Yan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - Xing Lucy Liu
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Erik Yan
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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19
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Arjmand B, Alavi-Moghadam S, Parhizkar-Roudsari P, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Tayanloo-Beik A, Goodarzi P, Mehrdad N, Mohamadi-Jahani F, Larijani B. Metabolomics Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021. [PMID: 34735713 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For a very long time, viral infections have been considered as one of the most important causes of death and disability around the world. Through the viral infection, viruses as small pathogens enter the host cells and use hosts' biosynthesis machinery to replicate and collect infectious lineages. Moreover, they can modify hosts' metabolic pathways in order to their own purposes. Nowadays (in 2019-2020), the most famous type of viral infection which was caused by a novel type of coronavirus is called COVID-19 disease. It has claimed the lives of many people around the world and is a very serious threat to health. Since investigations of the effects of viruses on host metabolism using metabolomics tools may have given focuses on novel appropriate treatments, in the current review the authors highlighted the virus-host metabolic interactions and metabolomics perspective in COVID-19.
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20
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Kleinehr J, Wilden JJ, Boergeling Y, Ludwig S, Hrincius ER. Metabolic Modifications by Common Respiratory Viruses and Their Potential as New Antiviral Targets. Viruses 2021; 13:2068. [PMID: 34696497 PMCID: PMC8540840 DOI: 10.3390/v13102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are known to be the most frequent causative mediators of lung infections in humans, bearing significant impact on the host cell signaling machinery due to their host-dependency for efficient replication. Certain cellular functions are actively induced by respiratory viruses for their own benefit. This includes metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, among others, which are modified during viral infections. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of metabolic pathway modifications mediated by the acute respiratory viruses respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), coronavirus (CoV) and adenovirus (AdV), and highlight potential targets and compounds for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kleinehr
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Janine J. Wilden
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eike R. Hrincius
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.K.); (J.J.W.); (Y.B.); (S.L.)
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21
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Connelly AR, Jeong BM, Coden ME, Cao JY, Chirkova T, Rosas-Salazar C, Cephus JY, Anderson LJ, Newcomb DC, Hartert TV, Berdnikovs S. Metabolic Reprogramming of Nasal Airway Epithelial Cells Following Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:2055. [PMID: 34696488 PMCID: PMC8538412 DOI: 10.3390/v13102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a seasonal mucosal pathogen that infects the ciliated respiratory epithelium and results in the most severe morbidity in the first six months of life. RSV is a common cause of acute respiratory infection during infancy and is an important early-life risk factor strongly associated with asthma development. While this association has been repeatedly demonstrated, limited progress has been made on the mechanistic understanding in humans of the contribution of infant RSV infection to airway epithelial dysfunction. An active infection of epithelial cells with RSV in vitro results in heightened central metabolism and overall hypermetabolic state; however, little is known about whether natural infection with RSV in vivo results in lasting metabolic reprogramming of the airway epithelium in infancy. To address this gap, we performed functional metabolomics, 13C glucose metabolic flux analysis, and RNA-seq gene expression analysis of nasal airway epithelial cells (NAECs) sampled from infants between 2-3 years of age, with RSV infection or not during the first year of life. We found that RSV infection in infancy was associated with lasting epithelial metabolic reprogramming, which was characterized by (1) significant increase in glucose uptake and differential utilization of glucose by epithelium; (2) altered preferences for metabolism of several carbon and energy sources; and (3) significant sexual dimorphism in metabolic parameters, with RSV-induced metabolic changes most pronounced in male epithelium. In summary, our study supports the proposed phenomenon of metabolic reprogramming of epithelial cells associated with RSV infection in infancy and opens exciting new venues for pursuing mechanisms of RSV-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Connelly
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Brian M. Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Mackenzie E. Coden
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jacob Y. Cao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.C.); (L.J.A.)
| | - Christian Rosas-Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.R.-S.); (J.-Y.C.); (D.C.N.)
| | - Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.R.-S.); (J.-Y.C.); (D.C.N.)
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (T.C.); (L.J.A.)
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.R.-S.); (J.-Y.C.); (D.C.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Tina V. Hartert
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.R.C.); (B.M.J.); (M.E.C.); (J.Y.C.)
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22
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Mahajan S, Choudhary S, Kumar P, Tomar S. Antiviral strategies targeting host factors and mechanisms obliging +ssRNA viral pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116356. [PMID: 34416512 PMCID: PMC8349405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, periodic recurrence of viral infections, and the emergence of challenging variants has created an urgent need of alternative therapeutic approaches to combat the spread of viral infections, failing to which may pose a greater risk to mankind in future. Resilience against antiviral drugs or fast evolutionary rate of viruses is stressing the scientific community to identify new therapeutic approaches for timely control of disease. Host metabolic pathways are exquisite reservoir of energy to viruses and contribute a diverse array of functions for successful replication and pathogenesis of virus. Targeting the host factors rather than viral enzymes to cease viral infection, has emerged as an alternative antiviral strategy. This approach offers advantage in terms of increased threshold to viral resistance and can provide broad-spectrum antiviral action against different viruses. The article here provides substantial review of literature illuminating the host factors and molecular mechanisms involved in innate/adaptive responses to viral infection, hijacking of signalling pathways by viruses and the intracellular metabolic pathways required for viral replication. Host-targeted drugs acting on the pathways usurped by viruses are also addressed in this study. Host-directed antiviral therapeutics might prove to be a rewarding approach in controlling the unprecedented spread of viral infection, however the probability of cellular side effects or cytotoxicity on host cell should not be ignored at the time of clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreeti Mahajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Shweta Choudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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23
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Dutta A, Chattopadhyay H. Thermodynamic effect of RNA virus infection on the human cardiovascular system. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103039. [PMID: 34503786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, analysis of cardiovascular system under the influence of RNA virus infection has been performed from a thermodynamic perspective. An exergetic efficiency of the system has been defined for this purpose. Results show that except for asymptomatic case, the exergetic efficiency reduces as the viral load goes up. Dynamics of viral growth along with change in efficiency is examined under different parameters such as virus production rate, infectivity rate and cell death rate. Results show that the drop in the exergetic efficiency of cardiovascular system under viral infection can be up to about 20%. Under infection, the exergy requirement of the lungs increases significantly as the work rate required by lungs increase by up to 240%.
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24
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Koyama S, Kondo K, Ueha R, Kashiwadani H, Heinbockel T. Possible Use of Phytochemicals for Recovery from COVID-19-Induced Anosmia and Ageusia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8912. [PMID: 34445619 PMCID: PMC8396277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 became the year of the outbreak of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which escalated into a worldwide pandemic and continued into 2021. One of the unique symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 disease, COVID-19, is the loss of chemical senses, i.e., smell and taste. Smell training is one of the methods used in facilitating recovery of the olfactory sense, and it uses essential oils of lemon, rose, clove, and eucalyptus. These essential oils were not selected based on their chemical constituents. Although scientific studies have shown that they improve recovery, there may be better combinations for facilitating recovery. Many phytochemicals have bioactive properties with anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. In this review, we describe the chemical compounds with anti- inflammatory and anti-viral effects, and we list the plants that contain these chemical compounds. We expand the review from terpenes to the less volatile flavonoids in order to propose a combination of essential oils and diets that can be used to develop a new taste training method, as there has been no taste training so far. Finally, we discuss the possible use of these in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Koyama
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
- Swallowing Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwadani
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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25
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Abstract
The appreciation of human microbiome is gaining strong grounds in biomedical research. In addition to gut-brain axis, is the lung-brain axis, which is hypothesised to link pulmonary microbes to neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural changes. There is a need for analysis based on emerging studies to map out the prospects for lung-brain axis. In this review, relevant English literature and researches in the field of 'lung-brain axis' is reported. We recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated with an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units, while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data. The overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. Aetiological paths and experimental recommendations as per prospective studies in this review will be an important guideline to develop effective treatments for any lung induced neurodegenerative diseases. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could help treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. The timely prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases requires paradigm shift of the aetiology and more innovative experimentation.Impact statementThe overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could confer treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. Based on this review, we recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated and be given an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units; while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Lucette Simbilyabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John Jabang
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Saleem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
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26
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Qiao D, Skibba M, Xu X, Garofalo RP, Zhao Y, Brasier AR. Paramyxovirus replication induces the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and mesenchymal transition via the IRE1α-XBP1s arm of the unfolded protein response. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L576-L594. [PMID: 34318710 PMCID: PMC8461800 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00127.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paramyxoviridae, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and murine respirovirus are enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses that are the etiological agents of vertebrate lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). We observed that RSV infection in human small airway epithelial cells induced accumulation of glycosylated proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), increased glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminases (GFPT1/2) and accumulation of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine, indicating activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). RSV infection induces rapid formation of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and processing of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Using pathway selective inhibitors and shRNA silencing, we find that the inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE1α)-XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is required not only for activation of the HBP, but also for expression of mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1), extracellular matrix (ECM)-remodeling proteins fibronectin (FN1), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Probing RSV-induced open chromatin domains by ChIP, we find XBP1 binds and recruits RNA polymerase II to the IL6, SNAI1, and MMP9 promoters and the intragenic superenhancer of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2). The UPR is sustained through RSV by an autoregulatory loop where XBP1 enhances Pol II binding to its own promoter. Similarly, we investigated the effects of murine respirovirus infection on its natural host (mouse). Murine respirovirus induces mucosal growth factor response, EMT, and the indicators of ECM remodeling in an IRE1α-dependent manner, which persists after viral clearance. These data suggest that IRE1α-XBP1s arm of the UPR pathway is responsible for paramyxovirus-induced metabolic adaptation and mucosal remodeling via EMT and ECM secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhua Qiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa Skibba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Roberto P Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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27
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Koufaris C, Nicolaidou V. Glutamine addiction in virus-infected mammalian cells: A target of the innate immune system? Med Hypotheses 2021; 153:110620. [PMID: 34130112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Control of core cell metabolism is a key aspect of the evolutionary conflict between viruses and the host's defence mechanisms. From their side, the invading viruses press the accelerator on their host cell's glycolysis, fatty acid, and glutaminolytic metabolic processes among others. It is also well established that activation of innate immune system responses modulates facets of metabolism such as that of polyamine, cholesterol, tryptophan and many more. But what about glutamine, a proteogenic amino acid that is a crucial nutrient for multiple cellular biosynthetic processes? Although mammalian cells can normally synthesize glutamine de novo, it has been noted that infections with genetically and phylogenetically diverse viruses are followed by the acquisition of a dependency on supplies of exogenous glutamine i.e. "glutamine addiction". Here we present our novel hypothesis that glutamine metabolism is also a target of the innate immune system, possibly through the action of interferons, as part of the evolutionary conserved antiviral metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koufaris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - V Nicolaidou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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28
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OUYANG Y, CHI L, XU C, ZHAO X, CUI Z. [Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics study of the efficacy of Chinese medicine asthma-relieving decoction on respiratory syncytial virus infection]. Se Pu 2021; 39:281-290. [PMID: 34227309 PMCID: PMC9403810 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.06013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchiolitis in infants. In China, traditional asthma-relieving medicine has numerous clinical applications in the treatment of RSV infections. However, due to the complexity of the traditional Chinese medicine system, its therapeutic mechanism and main pharmacological components remain unclear. Metabolomics can be used to analyze the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine to provide modern scientific evidence for such treatments. In this study, an animal model experiment was performed with seven groups of three-week-old rats. The model group and five intervention groups were inoculated nasally with RSV for three consecutive days, and the normal group was treated with the same amount of saline for three consecutive days under the same conditions. In parallel, the five intervention groups were treated separately with the following via intragastric administration for seven consecutive days: asthma-relieving traditional Chinese medicine decoction, its three constituent agents (ascending (xuan) therapy, descending (jiang) therapy, pyretic clearing (qing) therapy), and ribavirin. Both normal group and RSV model group were administered with normal saline via intragastric administration as controls for seven consecutive days. The fundus plasma of rats in each group was collected on day 0, day 3, and day 7. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the changes in the metabolome after RSV infection, the effects of the asthma-relieving decoction on the regulation of metabolites related to RSV infection, and the primary source of efficacy. The detected metabolite ions were corrected using internal standards. Multivariate analysis of ions with an RSD value of less than 30% in quality control (QC) samples was used to construct principal component analysis models to monitor the overall metabolic changes of each group. The results showed that, during RSV infection and treatment, the asthma-relieving decoction and the positive control ribavirin had similar effects on the overall metabolic regulation of RSV-infected rats. Among the three asthma-relieving decoction constituent agents, the ascending (xuan) therapy agents which was composed of ephedra and ginkgo had a closer metabolic regulation effect with asthma-relieving decoction, and might be the main source of pharmacological efficacy. Based on the retention time, m/z value and tandem mass spectra in the database established by our laboratory, a total of 150 metabolites were identified. Paired t-tests were performed using data of the identified metabolites before and after RSV infection in each group, and it was found that 83 metabolite levels significantly changed after RSV infection, indicating that RSV infection could lead to disorders of multiple metabolic pathways in rats. The altered pathways included aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and sphingomyelin metabolism. On the third day, the asthma-relieving decoction had regulatory effects on several metabolites such as bile acids, amino acids, organic acids, lipids, etc. Among the three asthma-relieving decoction constituent agents, the ascending (xuan) therapy agents had more similar effects on the regulation of metabolites with the asthma-relieving decoction. On the other hand, the descending (jiang) therapy agents and pyretic clearing (qing) therapy agents down-regulated the abnormal increase in acylcarnitine caused by the RSV infection. Additionally, both asthma-relieving decoction and its constituent agents could maintain the stability of the immune system and metabolism of the intestinal flora in rats. This study used metabolomics to evaluate the efficacy of an asthma-relieving decoction and demonstrate the metabolites and the corresponding changes after asthma-relieving decoction-based treatment. It provides theoretical support for research on the therapeutic mechanism and active ingredients of asthma-relieving decoction.
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González-García LD, Martínez-Castillo M, Vargas-Pavía TA, Ulloa-Aguilar JM, Arévalo-Romero H, Léon-Reyes G, Helguera-Repetto AC, García-Cordero J, León-Juárez M. Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase in respiratory syncytial virus infection activates lipid metabolism. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1177-1182. [PMID: 33580381 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is most commonly associated with upper respiratory tract infections during childhood. The lipid composition of cells and lipogenic enzymes play an important role in RSV infection. There are controversial data about whether lipid biosynthesis regulators such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are deregulated by RSV. Hence, we examined whether the activation state of AMPK is altered in RSV-infected HEp-2 cells. Our data show that RSV infection inhibits AMPK activity, favoring the activation of downstream lipogenic effectors and cellular lipid anabolism in HEp-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Didier González-García
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tania Allin Vargas-Pavía
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Haruki Arévalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Departamento de Genómica, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, México
| | - Guadalupe Léon-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, CP 11000, Ciudad de México, México.
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Umeoguaju FU, Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Zelikoff JT, Orisakwe OE. Plant-Derived Food Grade Substances (PDFGS) Active Against Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:606782. [PMID: 33634160 PMCID: PMC7900554 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.606782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diet comprises several classes of phytochemicals some of which are potentially active against human pathogenic viruses. This study examined available evidence that identifies existing food plants or constituents of edible foods that have been reported to inhibit viral pathogenesis of the human respiratory tract. SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were searched with keywords designed to retrieve articles that investigated the effect of plant-derived food grade substances (PDFGS) on the activities of human pathogenic viruses. Eligible studies for this review were those done on viruses that infect the human respiratory tract. Forty six (46) studies met the specified inclusion criteria from the initial 5,734 hits. The selected studies investigated the effects of different PDFGS on the infectivity, proliferation and cytotoxicity of different respiratory viruses including influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus (hPIV), Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), and rhinovirus (RV) in cell lines and mouse models. This review reveals that PDFGS inhibits different stages of the pathological pathways of respiratory viruses including cell entry, replication, viral release and viral-induced dysregulation of cellular homeostasis and functions. These alterations eventually lead to the reduction of virus titer, viral-induced cellular damages and improved survival of host cells. Major food constituents active against respiratory viruses include flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, lectins, vitamin D, curcumin, and plant glycosides such as glycyrrhizin, acteoside, geniposide, and iridoid glycosides. Herbal teas such as guava tea, green and black tea, adlay tea, cistanche tea, kuding tea, licorice extracts, and edible bird nest extracts were also effective against respiratory viruses in vitro. The authors of this review recommend an increased consumption of foods rich in these PDFGS including legumes, fruits (e.g berries, citrus), tea, fatty fish and curcumin amongst human populations with high prevalence of respiratory viral infections in order to prevent, manage and/or reduce the severity of respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis U. Umeoguaju
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Benson C. Ephraim-Emmanuel
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Dental Health Sciences, Ogbia, Bayelsa State College of Health Technology, Otakeme, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Judith T. Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Morris DR, Qu Y, Agrawal A, Garofalo RP, Casola A. HIF-1α Modulates Core Metabolism and Virus Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:E1088. [PMID: 32993138 DOI: 10.3390/v12101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of host cells is key to the foundation of a successful viral infection. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate oxygen utilization by regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis. Under normoxic conditions, HIF proteins are synthesized and subsequently degraded following ubiquitination to allow for normal metabolic activities. Recent studies suggest that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has the ability to induce HIF-1α stabilization and accumulation through non-hypoxic mechanisms. This makes the HIF pathway a potential avenue of approach for RSV therapeutic development. Using a model of primary human small alveolar epithelial cells, we demonstrate RSV infections to greatly alter cellular metabolism in favor of the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways. Additionally, we show RSV infections to stabilize HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in these cells. Inhibition of HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, was found to significantly reduce RSV replication as well as the glycolytic pathway, as measured by the expression of hexokinase II. Our study contributes to the understanding of RSV-mediated changes to cellular metabolism and supports further investigation into anti-HIF-1α therapeutics for RSV infections.
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Züllig T, Zandl-Lang M, Trötzmüller M, Hartler J, Plecko B, Köfeler HC. A Metabolomics Workflow for Analyzing Complex Biological Samples Using a Combined Method of Untargeted and Target-List Based Approaches. Metabolites 2020; 10:E342. [PMID: 32854199 PMCID: PMC7570008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the highly dynamic field of metabolomics, we have developed a method for the analysis of hydrophilic metabolites in various biological samples. Therefore, we used hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) for separation, combined with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (MS) with the aim of separating and analyzing a wide range of compounds. We used 41 reference standards with different chemical properties to develop an optimal chromatographic separation. MS analysis was performed with a set of pooled biological samples human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and human plasma. The raw data was processed in a first step with Compound Discoverer 3.1 (CD), a software tool for untargeted metabolomics with the aim to create a list of unknown compounds. In a second step, we combined the results obtained with our internally analyzed reference standard list to process the data along with the Lipid Data Analyzer 2.6 (LDA), a software tool for a targeted approach. In order to demonstrate the advantages of this combined target-list based and untargeted approach, we not only compared the relative standard deviation (%RSD) of the technical replicas of pooled plasma samples (n = 5) and pooled CSF samples (n = 3) with the results from CD, but also with XCMS Online, a well-known software tool for untargeted metabolomics studies. As a result of this study we could demonstrate with our HILIC-MS method that all standards could be either separated by chromatography, including isobaric leucine and isoleucine or with MS by different mass. We also showed that this combined approach benefits from improved precision compared to well-known metabolomics software tools such as CD and XCMS online. Within the pooled plasma samples processed by LDA 68% of the detected compounds had a %RSD of less than 25%, compared to CD and XCMS online (57% and 55%). The improvements of precision in the pooled CSF samples were even more pronounced, 83% had a %RSD of less than 25% compared to CD and XCMS online (28% and 8% compounds detected). Particularly for low concentration samples, this method showed a more precise peak area integration with its 3D algorithm and with the benefits of the LDAs graphical user interface for fast and easy manual curation of peak integration. The here-described method has the advantage that manual curation for larger batch measurements remains minimal due to the target list containing the information obtained by an untargeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Züllig
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Zandl-Lang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Paediatrics, University Childrens’ Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.Z.-L.); (B.P.)
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Paediatrics, University Childrens’ Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.Z.-L.); (B.P.)
| | - Harald C. Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.)
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Malinczak CA, Lukacs NW, Fonseca W. Early-Life Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, Trained Immunity and Subsequent Pulmonary Diseases. Viruses 2020; 12:E505. [PMID: 32375305 DOI: 10.3390/v12050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is often the first clinically relevant pathogen encountered in life, with nearly all children infected by two years of age. Many studies have also linked early-life severe respiratory viral infection with more pathogenic immune responses later in life that lead to pulmonary diseases like childhood asthma. This phenomenon is thought to occur through long-term immune system alterations following early-life respiratory viral infection and may include local responses such as unresolved inflammation and/or direct structural or developmental modifications within the lung. Furthermore, systemic responses that could impact the bone marrow progenitors may be a significant cause of long-term alterations, through inflammatory mediators and shifts in metabolic profiles. Among these alterations may be changes in transcriptional and epigenetic programs that drive persistent modifications throughout life, leaving the immune system poised toward pathogenic responses upon secondary insult. This review will focus on early-life severe RSV infection and long-term alterations. Understanding these mechanisms will not only lead to better treatment options to limit initial RSV infection severity but also protect against the development of childhood asthma linked to severe respiratory viral infections.
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