1
|
Xia P, Ji X, Yan L, Lian S, Chen Z, Luo Y. Roles of S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in infection, inflammation and immunity. Immunology 2024; 171:365-376. [PMID: 38013255 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are small proteins that are only expressed in vertebrates. They are widely expressed in many different cell types and are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and tumorigenesis. As members of the S100 protein subfamily of myeloid-related proteins, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 play a crucial role in resisting microbial infection and maintaining immune homeostasis. These proteins chelate the necessary metal nutrients of pathogens invading the host by means of 'nutritional immunity' and directly inhibit the growth of pathogens in the host. They interact with receptors on the cell surface to initiate inflammatory signal transduction, induce cytokine expression and participate in the inflammatory response and immune regulation. Furthermore, the increased content of these proteins during the pathological process makes them useful as disease markers for screening and detecting related diseases. This article summarizes the structure and function of the proteins S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 and lays the foundation for further understanding their roles in infection, immunity and inflammation, as well as their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingduo Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Lian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Linge CCA, Hulme KD, Peters-Sengers H, Sirard JC, Goessens WHF, de Jong MD, Russell CA, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Immunostimulatory Effect of Flagellin on MDR- Klebsiella-Infected Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:309. [PMID: 38203480 PMCID: PMC10778885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-Kpneu) poses a major public health threat, especially to immunocompromised or hospitalized patients. This study aimed to determine the immunostimulatory effect of the Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin on primary human lung epithelial cells during infection with MDR-Kpneu. Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, grown on an air-liquid interface, were inoculated with MDR-Kpneu on the apical side and treated during ongoing infection with antibiotics (meropenem) and/or flagellin on the basolateral and apical side, respectively; the antimicrobial and inflammatory effects of flagellin were determined in the presence or absence of meropenem. In the absence of meropenem, flagellin treatment of MDR-Kpneu-infected HBE cells increased the expression of antibacterial defense genes and the secretion of chemokines; moreover, supernatants of flagellin-exposed HBE cells activated blood neutrophils and monocytes. However, in the presence of meropenem, flagellin did not augment these responses compared to meropenem alone. Flagellin did not impact the outgrowth of MDR-Kpneu. Flagellin enhances antimicrobial gene expression and chemokine release by the MDR-Kpneu-infected primary human bronchial epithelium, which is associated with the release of mediators that activate neutrophils and monocytes. Topical flagellin therapy may have potential to boost immune responses in the lung during pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. A. van Linge
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.F.d.V.); (T.v.d.P.)
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katina D. Hulme
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Peters-Sengers
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.F.d.V.); (T.v.d.P.)
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR9017, CHU Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Wil H. F. Goessens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno D. de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A. Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.F.d.V.); (T.v.d.P.)
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.F.d.V.); (T.v.d.P.)
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ostermann L, Seeliger B, David S, Flasche C, Maus R, Reinboth MS, Christmann M, Neumann K, Brand K, Seltmann S, Bühling F, Paton JC, Roth J, Vogl T, Viemann D, Welte T, Maus UA. S100A9 is indispensable for survival of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011493. [PMID: 37467233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A8/A9 has important immunomodulatory roles in antibacterial defense, but its relevance in focal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is understudied. We show that S100A9 was significantly increased in BAL fluids of patients with bacterial but not viral pneumonia and correlated with procalcitonin and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Mice deficient in S100A9 exhibited drastically elevated Zn2+ levels in lungs, which led to bacterial outgrowth and significantly reduced survival. In addition, reduced survival of S100A9 KO mice was characterized by excessive release of neutrophil elastase, which resulted in degradation of opsonophagocytically important collectins surfactant proteins A and D. All of these features were attenuated in S. pneumoniae-challenged chimeric WT→S100A9 KO mice. Similarly, therapy of S. pneumoniae-infected S100A9 KO mice with a mutant S100A8/A9 protein showing increased half-life significantly decreased lung bacterial loads and lung injury. Collectively, S100A9 controls central antibacterial immune mechanisms of the lung with essential relevance to survival of pneumococcal pneumonia. Moreover, S100A9 appears to be a promising biomarker to distinguish patients with bacterial from those with viral pneumonia. Trial registration: Clinical Trials register (DRKS00000620).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ostermann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Flasche
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marieke S Reinboth
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Bühling
- Labopart Medical Laboratories, Dresden and Chemnitz, Germany
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Infection Research, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A Manganese-independent Aldolase Enables Staphylococcus aureus To Resist Host-imposed Metal Starvation. mBio 2023; 14:e0322322. [PMID: 36598285 PMCID: PMC9973326 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03223-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferred carbon source of Staphylococcus aureus and many other pathogens is glucose, and its consumption is critical during infection. However, glucose utilization increases the cellular demand for manganese, a nutrient sequestered by the host as a defense against invading pathogens. Therefore, bacteria must balance glucose metabolism with the increasing demand that metal-dependent processes, such as glycolysis, impose upon the cell. A critical regulator that enables S. aureus to resist nutritional immunity is the ArlRS two-component system. This work revealed that ArlRS regulates the expression of FdaB, a metal-independent fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Further investigation revealed that when S. aureus is metal-starved by the host, FdaB functionally replaces the metal-dependent isozyme FbaA, thereby allowing S. aureus to resist host-imposed metal starvation in culture. Although metal-dependent aldolases are canonically zinc-dependent, this work uncovered that FbaA requires manganese for activity and that FdaB protects S. aureus from manganese starvation. Both FbaA and FdaB contribute to the ability of S. aureus to cause invasive disease in wild-type mice. However, the virulence defect of a strain lacking FdaB was reversed in calprotectin-deficient mice, which have defects in manganese sequestration, indicating that this isozyme contributes to the ability of this pathogen to overcome manganese limitation during infection. Cumulatively, these observations suggest that the expression of the metal-independent aldolase FdaB allows S. aureus to alleviate the increased demand for manganese that glucose consumption imposes, and highlights the cofactor flexibility of even established metalloenzyme families. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens consume glucose during infection. Glucose utilization increases the demand for transition metals, such as manganese, a nutrient that the host limits as a defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Therefore, pathogenic bacteria must balance glucose and manganese requirements during infection. The two-component system ArlRS is an important regulator that allows S. aureus to adapt to both glucose and manganese starvation. Among the genes regulated by ArlRS is the metal-independent fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase fdaB, which functionally substitutes for the metal-dependent isoenzyme FbaA and enables S. aureus to survive host-imposed manganese starvation. Unexpectedly, and differing from most characterized metal-dependent aldolases, FbaA requires manganese for activity. Cumulatively, these findings reveal a new mechanism for overcoming nutritional immunity as well as the cofactor plasticity of even well-characterized metalloenzyme families.
Collapse
|
5
|
Colicchia M, Perrella G, Gant P, Rayes J. Novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection: spotlight on neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated platelet activation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100116. [PMID: 37063765 PMCID: PMC10099327 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A state-of-the-art lecture titled "novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Platelet, neutrophil, and endothelial cell activation coordinate the development, progression, and resolution of thrombo-inflammatory events during infection. Activated platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are frequently observed in patients with sepsis and COVID-19, and high levels of NET-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) correlate with thrombotic complications. NET-associated DAMPs induce direct and indirect platelet activation, which in return potentiates neutrophil activation and NET formation. These coordinated interactions involve multiple receptors and signaling pathways contributing to vascular and organ damage exacerbating disease severity. This state-of-the-art review describes the main mechanisms by which platelets support NETosis and the key mechanisms by which NET-derived DAMPs trigger platelet activation and the formation of procoagulant platelets leading to thrombosis. We report how these DAMPs act through multiple receptors and signaling pathways differentially regulating cell activation and disease outcome, focusing on histones and S100A8/A9 and their contribution to the pathogenesis of sepsis and COVID-19. We further discuss the complexity of platelet activation during NETosis and the potential benefit of targeting selective or multiple NET-associated DAMPs to limit thrombo-inflammation during infection. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Poppy Gant
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Jesus Gonzalez-Contreras F, Zarate X. Neutrophil extracellular traps: Modulation mechanisms by pathogens. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104640. [PMID: 36413806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, as innate effector cells, play an essential role in the containment and elimination of pathogens. Among the main neutrophil mechanisms use for these processes is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of decondensed DNA decorated with various cytoplasmic proteins. NETs' principal role is the trapping and elimination of infectious agents; therefore, the formation of NETs is regulated by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses through different mechanisms: the presence of virulence factors (adhered or secreted), microbial load, size of the microorganism, and even due to other immune cells activation (mainly platelets). This review summarizes the significant aspects that contribute to NETs modulation by pathogens and their components, and the effect NETs have on these pathogens as a cellular defense mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miyashita D, Inoue R, Tsuno T, Okuyama T, Kyohara M, Nakahashi-Oda C, Nishiyama K, Fukushima S, Inada Y, Togashi Y, Shibuya A, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. Protective effects of S100A8 on sepsis mortality: Links to sepsis risk in obesity and diabetes. iScience 2022; 25:105662. [PMID: 36505926 PMCID: PMC9732389 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are independent risk factors for death during sepsis. S100A8, an alarmin, is related to inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. Here, we examine the role of S100A8 in sepsis of obesity and diabetes models. Injection of S100A8 prolongs the survival of septic mice induced by lethal endotoxemia, Escherichia coli injection, or cecal ligation and puncture. S100A8 decrease the LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in peritoneal macrophages by inhibiting TLR4-mediated signals in an autocrine manner. db/db, ob/ob, and western diet-fed mice demonstrate reduced upregulation of S100A8 induced by LPS treatment in both serum and peritoneal cells. These mice also show shorter survival after LPS injection, and S100A8 supplementation prolonged the survival. While myelomonocytic cells-specific S100A8-deficient mice (Lyz2 cre :S100A8 floxed/floxed ) exhibit shorter survival after LPS treatment, S100A8 supplementation prolonged the survival. Thus, myelomonocytic cell-derived S100A8 is crucial for protection from sepsis, and S100A8 supplementation improves sepsis, particularly in mice with obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyashita
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chigusa Nakahashi-Oda
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Setsuko Fukushima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yutaro Inada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, and R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ngo ATP, Gollomp K. Building a better
NET
: Neutrophil extracellular trap targeted therapeutics in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. P. Ngo
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kandace Gollomp
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma A, Chauhan A, Chauhan P, Evans DL, Szlabick RE, Aaland MO, Mishra BB, Sharma J. Glycolipid Metabolite β-Glucosylceramide Is a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Inducing Ligand of Mincle Released during Bacterial Infection and Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:391-400. [PMID: 35768151 PMCID: PMC9347214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in host defense and inflammatory pathologies alike. A wide range of pathogen- and host-derived factors are known to induce NETs, yet the knowledge about specific receptor-ligand interactions in this response is limited. We previously reported that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) regulates NET formation. In this article, we identify glycosphingolipid β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer) as a specific NET-inducing ligand of Mincle. We found that purified β-GlcCer induced NETs in mouse primary neutrophils in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was abrogated in Mincle deficiency. Cell-free β-GlcCer accumulated in the lungs of pneumonic mice, which correlated with pulmonary NET formation in wild-type, but not in Mincle-/-, mice infected intranasally with Klebsiella pneumoniae Although leukocyte infiltration by β-GlcCer administration in vivo did not require Mincle, NETs induced by this sphingolipid were important for bacterial clearance during Klebsiella infection. Mechanistically, β-GlcCer did not activate reactive oxygen species formation in neutrophils but required autophagy and glycolysis for NET formation, because ATG4 inhibitor NSC185058, as well as glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose, abrogated β-GlcCer-induced NETs. Forced autophagy activation by tamoxifen could overcome the inhibitory effect of glycolysis blockage on β-GlcCer-mediated NET formation, suggesting that autophagy activation is sufficient to induce NETs in response to this metabolite in the absence of glycolysis. Finally, β-GlcCer accumulated in the plasma of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and its levels correlated with the extent of systemic NET formation in these patients. Overall, our results posit β-GlcCer as a potent NET-inducing ligand of Mincle with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Arun Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Dustin L Evans
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Randolph E Szlabick
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Mary O Aaland
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND; and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malmström E, Khan HN, Veer CV‘, Stunnenberg M, Meijer MT, Matsumoto H, Otto NA, Geijtenbeek TBH, de Vos AF, van der Poll T, Scicluna BP. The Long Non-Coding Antisense RNA JHDM1D-AS1 Regulates Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934313. [PMID: 35903199 PMCID: PMC9315269 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are key players in innate immunity, with their ability to regulate inflammatory responses and combat invading pathogens. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) participate in various cellular biological processes, including the innate immune response. The immunoregulatory properties of numerous lncRNAs discovered in monocytes remain largely unexplored. Here, by RNA sequencing, we identified a lncRNA JHDM1D-AS1, which was upregulated in blood monocytes obtained from patients with sepsis relative to healthy controls. JHDM1D-AS1 expression was induced in primary human monocytes exposed to Toll-like receptor ligands, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or bacteria. The inducibility of JHDM1D-AS1 expression in monocytes depended, at least in part, on nuclear factor-κB activation. JHDM1D-AS1 knockdown experiments in human monocyte-derived macrophages revealed significantly enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators, before and after exposure to LPS, relative to control cells. Specifically, genes involved in inflammatory responses were upregulated (e.g., CXCL2, CXCL8, IL1RN, TREM1, TNF, and IL6), whereas genes involved in anti-inflammatory pathways were downregulated (e.g., SOCS1 and IL10RA). JHDM1D-AS1 overexpression in a pro-monocytic cell line revealed diminished pro-inflammatory responses subsequent to LPS challenge. Collectively, these findings identify JHDM1D-AS1 as a potential anti-inflammatory mediator induced in response to inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Malmström
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hina N. Khan
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Clinical Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van ‘t Veer
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa Stunnenberg
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska T. Meijer
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja A. Otto
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Clinical Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei hospital, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Sensor Histidine Kinase ArlS Is Necessary for Staphylococcus aureus To Activate ArlR in Response to Nutrient Availability. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0042221. [PMID: 34606376 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00422-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile opportunistic pathogen whose success is driven by its ability to adapt to diverse environments and host-imposed stresses. Two-component signal transduction systems, such as ArlRS, often mediate these adaptations. Loss of ArlRS or the response regulator ArlR alone impairs the ability of S. aureus to respond to host-imposed manganese starvation and glucose limitation. As sensor histidine kinases and response regulators frequently work as pairs, it has been assumed that ArlS senses and activates ArlR in response to these stimuli. However, recent work suggests that the sensor histidine kinase GraS can also activate ArlR, calling the contribution of ArlS in responding to manganese and glucose availability into question. The results of current studies reveal that ArlS is necessary to activate ArlR in response to manganese sequestration by the host immune effector calprotectin and glucose limitation. Although the loss of ArlS does not completely eliminate ArlR activity, this response regulator is no longer responsive to manganese or glucose availability in the absence of its cognate histidine kinase. Despite the residual activity of ArlR in the absence of ArlS, ArlR phosphorylation by ArlS is required for S. aureus to resist calprotectin-imposed metal starvation. Cumulatively, these findings contribute to the understanding of S. aureus signal transduction in response to nutritional immunity and support the previous observation indicating that ArlRS is activated by a common signal derived from host-imposed manganese and glucose limitation. IMPORTANCE The ability of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, to sense and adapt to diverse environments partially relies on two-component systems, such as ArlRS. Recent work revealed that the response regulator ArlR can be cross-activated by the sensor histidine kinase GraS, rendering the role of its cognate partner, ArlS, in response to manganese and glucose limitation uncertain. The results of this study reveal that ArlS is necessary for the activation of ArlR in response to calprotectin and glucose limitation. Although a low level of ArlR activity remains in the absence of ArlS, ArlS phosphotransfer to ArlR is required for S. aureus to overcome calprotectin-induced nutritional stress. Collectively, this study provides fundamental information to understand how ArlRS mediates staphylococcal adaptation during infection.
Collapse
|
12
|
Johnstone KF, Wei Y, Bittner-Eddy PD, Vreeman GW, Stone IA, Clayton JB, Reilly CS, Walbon TB, Wright EN, Hoops SL, Boyle WS, Costalonga M, Herzberg MC. Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) Is an Innate Immune Effector in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0012221. [PMID: 34097505 PMCID: PMC8445179 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00122-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulated in inflammation, calprotectin (complexed S100A8 and S100A9; S100A8/A9) functions as an innate immune effector molecule, promoting inflammation, and also as an antimicrobial protein. We hypothesized that antimicrobial S100A8/A9 would mitigate change to the local microbial community and promote resistance to experimental periodontitis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT; S100A9+/+) C57BL/6 mice were compared using a model of ligature-induced periodontitis. On day 2, WT mice showed fewer infiltrating innate immune cells than S100A9-/- mice; by day 5, the immune cell numbers were similar. At 5 days post ligature placement, oral microbial communities sampled with swabs differed significantly in beta diversity between the mouse genotypes. Ligatures recovered from molar teeth of S100A9-/- and WT mice contained significantly dissimilar microbial genera from each other and the overall oral communities from swabs. Concomitantly, the S100A9-/- mice had significantly greater alveolar bone loss than WT mice around molar teeth in ligated sites. When the oral microflora was ablated by antibiotic pretreatment, differences disappeared between WT and S100A9-/- mice in their immune cell infiltrates and alveolar bone loss. Calprotectin, therefore, suppresses emergence of a dysbiotic, proinflammatory oral microbial community, which reduces innate immune effector activity, including early recruitment of innate immune cells, mitigating subsequent alveolar bone loss and protecting against experimental periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen F. Johnstone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter D. Bittner-Eddy
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerrit W. Vreeman
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian A. Stone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Clayton
- BioTechnology Institute, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cavan S. Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Travis B. Walbon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elisa N. Wright
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan L. Hoops
- BioTechnology Institute, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William S. Boyle
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α in Macrophages, but Not in Neutrophils, Is Important for Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumosepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9958281. [PMID: 34393650 PMCID: PMC8360744 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9958281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α has been implicated in the ability of cells to adapt to alterations in oxygen levels. Bacterial stimuli can induce HIF1α in immune cells, including those of myeloid origin. We here determined the role of myeloid cell HIF1α in the host response during pneumonia and sepsis caused by the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. To this end, we generated mice deficient for HIF1α in myeloid cells (LysM-cre × Hif1αfl/fl) or neutrophils (Mrp8-cre × Hif1αfl/fl) and infected these with Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways. Myeloid, but not neutrophil, HIF1α-deficient mice had increased bacterial loads in the lungs and distant organs after infection as compared to control mice, pointing at a role for HIF1α in macrophages. Myeloid HIF1α-deficient mice did not show increased bacterial growth after intravenous infection, suggesting that their phenotype during pneumonia was mediated by lung macrophages. Alveolar and lung interstitial macrophages from LysM-cre × Hif1αfl/fl mice produced lower amounts of the immune enhancing cytokine tumor necrosis factor upon stimulation with Klebsiella, while their capacity to phagocytose or to produce reactive oxygen species was unaltered. Alveolar macrophages did not upregulate glycolysis in response to lipopolysaccharide, irrespective of HIF1α presence. These data suggest a role for HIF1α expressed in lung macrophages in protective innate immunity during pneumonia caused by a common bacterial pathogen.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahr G, González LJ, Vila AJ. Metallo-β-lactamases in the Age of Multidrug Resistance: From Structure and Mechanism to Evolution, Dissemination, and Inhibitor Design. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7957-8094. [PMID: 34129337 PMCID: PMC9062786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of approved antibiotics, narrowing the options for treatment. Resistance to carbapenems, last resort antibiotics, is a major concern. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze carbapenems, penicillins, and cephalosporins, becoming central to this problem. These enzymes diverge with respect to serine-β-lactamases by exhibiting a different fold, active site, and catalytic features. Elucidating their catalytic mechanism has been a big challenge in the field that has limited the development of useful inhibitors. This review covers exhaustively the details of the active-site chemistries, the diversity of MBL alleles, the catalytic mechanism against different substrates, and how this information has helped developing inhibitors. We also discuss here different aspects critical to understand the success of MBLs in conferring resistance: the molecular determinants of their dissemination, their cell physiology, from the biogenesis to the processing involved in the transit to the periplasm, and the uptake of the Zn(II) ions upon metal starvation conditions, such as those encountered during an infection. In this regard, the chemical, biochemical and microbiological aspects provide an integrative view of the current knowledge of MBLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bahr
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lisandro J. González
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda S/N, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wolff NS, Jacobs MC, Wiersinga WJ, Hugenholtz F. Pulmonary and intestinal microbiota dynamics during Gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2021; 9:35. [PMID: 34250564 PMCID: PMC8272965 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-021-00398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome plays a protective role in the host defense against pneumonia. The composition of the lung microbiota has been shown to be predictive of clinical outcome in critically ill patients. However, the dynamics of the lung and gut microbiota composition over time during severe pneumonia remains ill defined. We used a mouse model of pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in order to follow the pathogen burden as well as the composition of the lung, tongue and fecal microbiota from local infection towards systemic spread. Results Already at 6 h post-inoculation with K. pneumoniae, marked changes in the lung microbiota were seen. The alpha diversity of the lung microbiota did not change throughout the infection, whereas the beta diversity did. A shift between the prominent lung microbiota members of Streptococcus and Klebsiella was seen from 12 h onwards and was most pronounced at 18 h post-inoculation (PI) which was also reflected in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicating severe pulmonary inflammation. Around 18 h PI, K. pneumoniae bacteremia was observed together with a systemic inflammatory response. The composition of the tongue microbiota was not affected during infection, even at 18–30 h PI when K. pneumoniae had become the dominant bacterium in the lung. Moreover, we observed differences in the gut microbiota during pulmonary infection. The gut microbiota contributed to the lung microbiota at 12 h PI, however, this decreased at a later stage of the infection. Conclusions At 18 h PI, K. pneumoniae was the dominant member in the lung microbiota. The lung microbiota profiles were significantly explained by the lung K. pneumoniae bacterial counts and Klebsiella and Streptococcus were correlating with the measured cytokine levels in the lung and/or blood. The oral microbiota in mice, however, was not influenced by the severity of murine pneumonia, whereas the gut microbiota was affected. This study is of significance for future studies investigating the role of the lung microbiota during pneumonia and sepsis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40635-021-00398-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Wolff
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max C Jacobs
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banupriya N, Bhat BV, Sridhar MG. Role of Zinc in Neonatal Sepsis. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:696-702. [PMID: 33893972 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis emerges as a complex clinical syndrome with activation of an innate host response to infections. Despite advancement in therapeutic approaches, infants with sepsis remain hospitalized for longer durations and it remains to be a major health problem in today's world. Zinc as a trace element, has the potential to improve the host's defence mechanism against various pathogenic diseases. During sepsis, a redistribution of zinc from serum into the liver has been observed and earlier studies imply a correlation between serum zinc levels and the outcome of sepsis. Zinc also appears to have a potential to be used as a biomarker of sepsis outcome. There are only few reports available to show the efficacy of zinc supplements in the management of neonatal sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Newton Banupriya
- Department of Neonatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ballambattu Vishnu Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics & Neonatology and Division of Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Pondicherry, 607403, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chatziparasidis G, Kantar A. Calprotectin: An Ignored Biomarker of Neutrophilia in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060428. [PMID: 34063831 PMCID: PMC8223968 DOI: 10.3390/children8060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calprotectin (CP) is a non-covalent heterodimer formed by the subunits S100A8 (A8) and S100A9 (A9). When neutrophils become activated, undergo disruption, or die, this abundant cytosolic neutrophil protein is released. By fervently chelating trace metal ions that are essential for bacterial development, CP plays an important role in human innate immunity. It also serves as an alarmin by controlling the inflammatory response after it is released. Extracellular concentrations of CP increase in response to infection and inflammation, and are used as a biomarker of neutrophil activation in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Although it has been almost 40 years since CP was discovered, its use in daily pediatric practice is still limited. Current evidence suggests that CP could be used as a biomarker in a variety of pediatric respiratory diseases, and could become a valuable key factor in promoting diagnostic and therapeutic capacity. The aim of this study is to re-introduce CP to the medical community and to emphasize its potential role with the hope of integrating it as a useful adjunct, in the practice of pediatric respiratory medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre, Instituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, 24046 Bergamo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cuajungco MP, Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME. Zinc: Multidimensional Effects on Living Organisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020208. [PMID: 33671781 PMCID: PMC7926802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a redox-inert trace element that is second only to iron in abundance in biological systems. In cells, zinc is typically buffered and bound to metalloproteins, but it may also exist in a labile or chelatable (free ion) form. Zinc plays a critical role in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ranging from structural to catalytic to replication to demise. This review discusses the influential properties of zinc on various mechanisms of bacterial proliferation and synergistic action as an antimicrobial element. We also touch upon the significance of zinc among eukaryotic cells and how it may modulate their survival and death through its inhibitory or modulatory effect on certain receptors, enzymes, and signaling proteins. A brief discussion on zinc chelators is also presented, and chelating agents may be used with or against zinc to affect therapeutics against human diseases. Overall, the multidimensional effects of zinc in cells attest to the growing number of scientific research that reveal the consequential prominence of this remarkable transition metal in human health and disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fan J, He M, Wang CJ, Zhang M. Gadolinium Chloride Inhibits the Production of Liver Interleukin-27 and Mitigates Liver Injury in the CLP Mouse Model. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:2605973. [PMID: 33564275 PMCID: PMC7867451 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2605973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver macrophages play an important regulatory role in the inflammatory response of liver injury after severe infection. Interleukin- (IL-) 27 is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in diseases caused by bacterial infection. However, the relationship between IL-27 and liver macrophages in liver injury after severe infection is not yet clear. METHODS A cecal ligation puncture (CLP) model was established in wild-type (WT) and IL-27 receptor- (WSX-1-) deficient (IL-27r-/-) mice, and recombinant IL-27 and gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) were injected into WT mice in the designated groups. The serum and liver IL-27, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β expression levels were evaluated by ELISA, quantitative PCR, or Western blotting; serum ALT and AST were detected by detection kits; and the severity of liver damage was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the TUNEL assay of the liver tissue from the different groups. Liver macrophage polarization was evaluated by immunofluorescence. In addition, the polarization of peritoneal macrophage was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS The serum and liver IL-27 expression levels were elevated in WT mice after CLP-induced severe infection, which were consistent with the changes in HE scores in the liver tissue. The levels of serum ALT, AST, liver IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β mRNA and liver pathological injury scores were further increased when pretreated with recombinant IL-27 in WT mice, but these levels were decreased in IL-27r-/- mice after CLP-induced severe infection compared to WT mice. In WT mice pretreated with GdCl3, liver pathological scores, serum ALT and AST, TUNEL-positive cell proportion from liver tissues, liver IL-27 expression, and the liver macrophages M1 polarization proportion decreased after CLP; however, the serum IL-27, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and the pathological lung and kidney scores were not significantly changed. When supplemented with exogenous IL-27, the liver pathological scores, serum ALT, AST, TUNEL-positive cell proportion of liver tissues, liver IL-27 expression, and the liver macrophage M1 polarization proportion increased. The in vitro, IL-27 expression increased in peritoneal macrophages when stimulated with LPS. Recombinant IL-27 together with LPS promoted the elevations in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in supernatant and the M1 polarization of peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSION IL-27 is an important cytokine in the inflammatory response to liver injury after severe infection. The reduction of liver injury by gadolinium chloride in severe infection mice models may relate to the inhibition of liver IL-27 production. These changes may be mainly related to the decrease of liver macrophages M1 polarization. IL-27 may have a positive feedback on these macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Miao He
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Chuan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Willers M, Ulas T, Völlger L, Vogl T, Heinemann AS, Pirr S, Pagel J, Fehlhaber B, Halle O, Schöning J, Schreek S, Löber U, Essex M, Hombach P, Graspeuntner S, Basic M, Bleich A, Cloppenborg-Schmidt K, Künzel S, Jonigk D, Rupp J, Hansen G, Förster R, Baines JF, Härtel C, Schultze JL, Forslund SK, Roth J, Viemann D. S100A8 and S100A9 Are Important for Postnatal Development of Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Mice and Infants. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2130-2145.e5. [PMID: 32805279 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS After birth, the immune system matures via interactions with microbes in the gut. The S100 calcium binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9, and their extracellular complex form, S100A8-A9, are found in high amounts in human breast milk. We studied levels of S100A8-A9 in fecal samples (also called fecal calprotectin) from newborns and during infancy, and their effects on development of the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immune system. METHODS We collected stool samples (n = 517) from full-term (n = 72) and preterm infants (n = 49) at different timepoints over the first year of life (days 1, 3, 10, 30, 90, 180, and 360). We measured levels of S100A8-A9 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed fecal microbiomes by 16S sRNA gene sequencing. We also obtained small and large intestine biopsies from 8 adults and 10 newborn infants without inflammatory bowel diseases (controls) and 8 infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and measured levels of S100A8 by immunofluorescence microscopy. Children were followed for 2.5 years and anthropometric data and medical information on infections were collected. We performed studies with newborn C57BL/6J wild-type and S100a9-/- mice (which also lack S100A8). Some mice were fed or given intraperitoneal injections of S100A8 or subcutaneous injections of Staphylococcus aureus. Blood and intestine, mesenterial and celiac lymph nodes were collected; cells and cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and studied in cell culture assays. Colon contents from mice were analyzed by culture-based microbiology assays. RESULTS Loss of S100A8 and S100A9 in mice altered the phenotypes of colonic lamina propria macrophages, compared with wild-type mice. Intestinal tissues from neonatal S100-knockout mice had reduced levels of CX3CR1 protein, and Il10 and Tgfb1 mRNAs, compared with wild-type mice, and fewer T-regulatory cells. S100-knockout mice weighed 21% more than wild-type mice at age 8 weeks and a higher proportion developed fatal sepsis during the neonatal period. S100-knockout mice had alterations in their fecal microbiomes, with higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Feeding mice S100 at birth prevented the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae, increased numbers of T-regulatory cells and levels of CX3CR1 protein and Il10 mRNA in intestine tissues, and reduced body weight and death from neonatal sepsis. Fecal samples from term infants, but not preterm infants, had significantly higher levels of S100A8-A9 during the first 3 months of life than fecal samples from adults; levels decreased to adult levels after weaning. Fecal samples from infants born by cesarean delivery had lower levels of S100A8-A9 than from infants born by vaginal delivery. S100 proteins were expressed by lamina propria macrophages in intestinal tissues from infants, at higher levels than in intestinal tissues from adults. High fecal levels of S100 proteins, from 30 days to 1 year of age, were associated with higher abundance of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacteriaceae, and lower abundance of Gammaproteobacteria-particularly opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae. A low level of S100 proteins in infants' fecal samples associated with development of sepsis and obesity by age 2 years. CONCLUSION S100A8 and S100A9 regulate development of the intestinal microbiota and immune system in neonates. Nutritional supplementation with these proteins might aide in development of preterm infants and prevent microbiota-associated disorders in later years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Willers
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Völlger
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna S Heinemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Pirr
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Pagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beate Fehlhaber
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schöning
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Schreek
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Löber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morgan Essex
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hombach
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Christoph Härtel
- PRIMAL Consortium, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; PRIMAL Consortium, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wirtz TH, Buendgens L, Weiskirchen R, Loosen SH, Haehnsen N, Puengel T, Abu Jhaisha S, Brozat JF, Hohlstein P, Koek G, Eisert A, Mohr R, Roderburg C, Luedde T, Trautwein C, Tacke F, Koch A. Association of Serum Calprotectin Concentrations with Mortality in Critically Ill and Septic Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E990. [PMID: 33238644 PMCID: PMC7700375 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Calprotectin is present in the cytosol of neutrophil granulocytes and released upon activation. Fecal calprotectin is applied in the clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease whereas serum calprotectin has been discussed as a biomarker in inflammatory disorders. However, its long-term prognostic relevance in critical illness remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate serum calprotectin concentrations as a prognostic biomarker in critically ill and septic patients. Methods: Serum calprotectin concentrations were analyzed in 165 critically ill patients (108 with sepsis, 57 without sepsis) included in our observational study. Patients were enrolled upon admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the RWTH Aachen University Hospital. Calprotectin concentrations were compared to 24 healthy controls and correlated with clinical parameters, therapeutic interventions, and survival. Results: Serum calprotectin concentrations were significantly increased in ICU patients as well as in septic patients compared to respective controls (p < 0.001 for ICU patients and p = 0.001 for septic patients). Lower calprotectin concentrations were measured in patients with comorbidities i.e., coronary artery disease. Calprotectin concentrations strongly correlated with the C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and were closely associated to parameters of mechanical ventilation (i.a. inspiratory oxygen fraction, FiO2; p < 0.001). The overall survival was significantly impaired in septic patients with high baseline calprotectin concentrations (p = 0.036). However, patients with increasing calprotectin serum concentrations within the first week of ICU admission showed an improved overall survival (p = 0.009). Conclusions: In summary, serum calprotectin concentrations are significantly increased in critically ill patients with sepsis. High calprotectin concentrations at ICU admission predict long-term mortality risk, whereas increasing calprotectin concentrations are associated with a favorable long-term outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Lukas Buendgens
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Sven H. Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.H.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Nina Haehnsen
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jonathan F. Brozat
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Philipp Hohlstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Ger Koek
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Albrecht Eisert
- Hospital Pharmacy, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.H.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (T.P.); (R.M.); (C.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.H.W.); (L.B.); (N.H.); (S.A.J.); (J.F.B.); (P.H.); (C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Identification of Zinc-Dependent Mechanisms Used by Group B Streptococcus To Overcome Calprotectin-Mediated Stress. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02302-20. [PMID: 33173000 PMCID: PMC7667036 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02302-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) asymptomatically colonizes the female reproductive tract but is a common causative agent of meningitis. GBS meningitis is characterized by extensive infiltration of neutrophils carrying high concentrations of calprotectin, a metal chelator. To persist within inflammatory sites and cause invasive disease, GBS must circumvent host starvation attempts. Here, we identified global requirements for GBS survival during calprotectin challenge, including known and putative systems involved in metal ion transport. We characterized the role of zinc import in tolerating calprotectin stress in vitro and in a mouse model of infection. We observed that a global zinc uptake mutant was less virulent than the parental GBS strain and found calprotectin knockout mice to be equally susceptible to infection by wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. These findings suggest that calprotectin production at the site of infection results in a zinc-limited environment and reveals the importance of GBS metal homeostasis to invasive disease. Nutritional immunity is an elegant host mechanism used to starve invading pathogens of necessary nutrient metals. Calprotectin, a metal-binding protein, is produced abundantly by neutrophils and is found in high concentrations within inflammatory sites during infection. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the gastrointestinal and female reproductive tracts and is commonly associated with severe invasive infections in newborns such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Although GBS infections induce robust neutrophil recruitment and inflammation, the dynamics of GBS and calprotectin interactions remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that disease and colonizing isolate strains exhibit susceptibility to metal starvation by calprotectin. We constructed a mariner transposon (Krmit) mutant library in GBS and identified 258 genes that contribute to surviving calprotectin stress. Nearly 20% of all underrepresented mutants following treatment with calprotectin are predicted metal transporters, including known zinc systems. As calprotectin binds zinc with picomolar affinity, we investigated the contribution of GBS zinc uptake to overcoming calprotectin-imposed starvation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed a significant upregulation of genes encoding zinc-binding proteins, adcA, adcAII, and lmb, following calprotectin exposure, while growth in calprotectin revealed a significant defect for a global zinc acquisition mutant (ΔadcAΔadcAIIΔlmb) compared to growth of the GBS wild-type (WT) strain. Furthermore, mice challenged with the ΔadcAΔadcAIIΔlmb mutant exhibited decreased mortality and significantly reduced bacterial burden in the brain compared to mice infected with WT GBS; this difference was abrogated in calprotectin knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that GBS zinc transport machinery is important for combatting zinc chelation by calprotectin and establishing invasive disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Quan G, Xia P, Lian S, Wu Y, Zhu G. Zinc uptake system ZnuACB is essential for maintaining pathogenic phenotype of F4ac + enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) under a zinc restricted environment. Vet Res 2020; 51:127. [PMID: 33028391 PMCID: PMC7539401 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is the second trace element of living organisms after iron. Given its crucial importance, mammalian hosts restrict the bioavailability of Zinc ions (Zn2+) to bacterial pathogens. As a countermeasure, pathogens utilize high affinity Zn2+ transporters, such as ZnuACB to compete with the host for zinc. It is essential for bacteria to maintain zinc homeostasis and thus maintain their physiology and pathogenesis. In an attempt to uncover the zinc transporter in F4+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) C83902, we analyzed two RNA-seq data sets of bacteria samples when different zinc treatments (restriction or abundance) were applied. Considering data revealing that the high affinity zinc uptake system ZnuACB acts as the main transporter in ETEC C83902 to resist zinc deficiency, we deleted znuACB genes to study the role of them in ETEC C83902. The deletion of znuACB genes results in growth perturbation and a sharp decrease in the ability of biofilm formation and adhesion of bacteria in vitro. Taking the data together, this study demonstrates that the ZnuACB system is required for ETEC C83902 to acquire zinc, which highly contributes to ETEC pathogenicity as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Siqi Lian
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yunping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine (Institute of Comparative Medicine), Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wolff NS, Jacobs MC, Haak BW, Roelofs JJTH, de Vos AF, Hugenholtz F, Wiersinga WJ. Vendor effects on murine gut microbiota and its influence on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation and Gram-negative pneumonia. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:47. [PMID: 32840685 PMCID: PMC7447702 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome has emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of a whole spectrum of diseases that affect the critically ill. We hypothesized that differences in microbiota composition across vendors can influence murine models of pulmonary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation and Gram-negative pneumonia. Methods A multi-vendor approach was used with genetically similar mice derived from three different vendors (Janvier, Envigo, Charles River). This model was employed to study the effect on the host response to a pulmonary LPS challenge (1 μg Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS, intranasal), as well as experimental K. pneumoniae infection (ATCC43816, 1 × 104 CFU, intranasal). Results Gut microbiota analysis revealed profound intervendor differences in bacterial composition as shown by beta diversity and at various taxonomic levels. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 release in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined 6 and 24 h after intranasal treatment with LPS. No differences were found between the groups, with the exception for Envigo, showing a higher level of TNFα in lung and BALF at 6 h compared to Janvier and Charles River. In another set of experiments, mice from different vendors were subjected to a clinically relevant model of Gram-negative pneumonia (K. pneumoniae). At 12 and 36 h post-infection, no intervendor differences were found in bacterial dissemination, or TNFα and IL-6 levels in the lungs. In line, markers for organ failure did not differ between groups. Conclusions Although there was a marked variation in the gut microbiota composition of mice from different vendors, the hypothesized impact on our models of pulmonary inflammation and severe pneumonia was limited. This is of significance for experimental settings, showing that differences in gut microbiota do not have to lead to differences in outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Wolff
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max C Jacobs
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Otto NA, de Vos AF, van Heijst JWJ, Roelofs JJTH, van der Poll T. Myeloid Liver Kinase B1 depletion is associated with a reduction in alveolar macrophage numbers and an impaired host defense during gram-negative pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:1284-1295. [PMID: 32648919 PMCID: PMC8974838 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) has been studied extensively as a tumor suppressor gene (Stk11) in the context of cancer. We hypothesized that myeloid LKB1 plays a role in innate immunity during pneumonia. METHODS Mice deficient for LKB1 in myeloid cells (LysM-cre x Stk11fl/fl ) or neutrophils (Mrp8-cre x Stk11fl/fl) were infected with Klebsiellapneumoniae via the airways. LysM-cre x Stk11fl/fl mice were also intranasally challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Myeloid, but not neutrophil LKB1 deficient mice had increased bacterial loads in lungs from 6 to 40 hours after infection as compared to control mice, pointing at a role for LKB1 in macrophages. Myeloid LKB1 deficiency was associated with reduced cytokine release into the airways upon local LPS instillation. The number of classical (SiglecFhighCD11bneg) alveolar macrophages (AMs) was reduced by approximately 50% in the lungs of myeloid LKB1 deficient mice, which was not caused by increased cell death or reduced proliferation. Instead, myeloid LKB1 deficient mice had AMs with a 'non-classical' (SiglecFlowCD11bpos) phenotype. AMs did not upregulate glycolysis in response to LPS, irrespective of LKB1 presence. CONCLUSION Myeloid LKB1 is important for local host defense during Klebsiella pneumonia by maintaining adequate AM numbers in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasja A Otto
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W J van Heijst
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neogene Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Disruption of Phosphate Homeostasis Sensitizes Staphylococcus aureus to Nutritional Immunity. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00102-20. [PMID: 32205403 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00102-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To control infection, mammals actively withhold essential nutrients, including the transition metal manganese, by a process termed nutritional immunity. A critical component of this host response is the manganese-chelating protein calprotectin. While many bacterial mechanisms for overcoming nutritional immunity have been identified, the intersection between metal starvation and other essential inorganic nutrients has not been investigated. Here, we report that overexpression of an operon encoding a highly conserved inorganic phosphate importer, PstSCAB, increases the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to calprotectin-mediated manganese sequestration. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of pstSCAB does not disrupt manganese acquisition or result in overaccumulation of phosphate by S. aureus However, it does reduce the ability of S. aureus to grow in phosphate-replete defined medium. Overexpression of pstSCAB does not aberrantly activate the phosphate-responsive two-component system PhoPR, nor was this two-component system required for sensitivity to manganese starvation. In a mouse model of systemic staphylococcal disease, a pstSCAB-overexpressing strain is significantly attenuated compared to wild-type S. aureus This defect is partially reversed in a calprotectin-deficient mouse, in which manganese is more readily available. Given that expression of pstSCAB is regulated by PhoPR, these findings suggest that overactivation of PhoPR would diminish the ability of S. aureus to resist nutritional immunity and cause infection. As PhoPR is also necessary for bacterial virulence, these findings imply that phosphate homeostasis represents a critical regulatory node whose activity must be precisely controlled in order for S. aureus and other pathogens to cause infection.
Collapse
|
27
|
Perlee D, de Beer R, Florquin S, van der Poll T, van 't Veer C, de Vos AF. Caspase-11 contributes to pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae and local activation of coagulation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L105-L114. [PMID: 32401674 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00422.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae is a common cause of gram-negative pneumonia and sepsis. Caspase-11 is an intracellular receptor for lipopolysaccharide and regulates pyroptosis, a specific form of inflammatory cell death, which aids in host defense against intracellular gram-negative bacteria. Recently, caspase-11 has also been implicated in blood coagulation. Previously, we found that local fibrin formation contributes to protective immunity against Klebsiella infection of the lung. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of caspase-11 in host defense during K. pneumoniae-evoked pneumonia and sepsis. Therefore, we infected wild-type and caspase-11-deficient (Casp11-/-) mice with a low-dose K. pneumoniae via the airways to induce a gradually evolving pneumosepsis. Casp11-/- mice displayed increased bacterial numbers in the lung 12 h and 48 h after inoculation. Analysis of pulmonary IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF levels showed reduced IL-1α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased TNF levels in the lung of Casp11-/- mice at 48 h after inoculation. Lung γH2AX staining (marker for cell death), lung pathology and neutrophil influx in the lung, as well as bacterial dissemination and organ damage, however, were not altered in Casp11-/- mice after Klebsiella infection. Strikingly, analysis of cross-linked fibrin and D-dimer (markers for coagulation) revealed significantly less fibrin formation in the lungs of Casp11-/- mice at either time point after Klebsiella infection. These data reveal that caspase-11 contributes to protective immunity against K. pneumoniae possibly by activation of blood coagulation in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Perlee
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina de Beer
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Palmer LD, Maloney KN, Boyd KL, Goleniewska AK, Toki S, Maxwell CN, Chazin WJ, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC, Skaar EP. The Innate Immune Protein S100A9 Protects from T-Helper Cell Type 2-mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:459-468. [PMID: 30943376 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0217oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of the proteins S100A8 and S100A9, and it is an abundant innate immune protein associated with inflammation. In humans, calprotectin transcription and protein abundance are associated with asthma and disease severity. However, mechanistic studies in experimental asthma models have been inconclusive, identifying both protective and pathogenic effects of calprotectin. To clarify the role of calprotectin in asthma, calprotectin-deficient S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were compared in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Mice were intranasally challenged with extracts of the clinically relevant allergen, Alternaria alternata (Alt Ext), or PBS every third day over 9 days. On Day 10, BAL fluid and lung tissue homogenates were harvested and allergic airway inflammation was assessed. Alt Ext challenge induced release of S100A8/S100A9 to the alveolar space and increased protein expression in the alveolar epithelium of WT mice. Compared with WT mice, S100A9-/- mice displayed significantly enhanced allergic airway inflammation, including production of IL-13, CCL11, CCL24, serum IgE, eosinophil recruitment, and airway resistance and elastance. In response to Alt Ext, S100A9-/- mice accumulated significantly more IL-13+IL-5+CD4+ T-helper type 2 cells. S100A9-/- mice also accumulated a significantly lower proportion of CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in the lung that had significantly lower expression of CD25. Calprotectin enhanced WT Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. Therefore, this study identifies a role for the innate immune protein, S100A9, in protection from CD4+ T-helper type 2 cell hyperinflammation in response to Alt Ext. This protection is mediated, at least in part, by CD4+ Treg cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - K Nichole Maloney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - A Kasia Goleniewska
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Shinji Toki
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - C Noel Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps, or NETs, are heterogenous, filamentous structures which consist of extracellular DNA, granular proteins, and histones. NETs are extruded by a neutrophil in response to various stimuli. Although NETs were initially implicated in immune defense, subsequent studies have implicated NETs in a spectrum of disease processes, including autoimmune disease, thrombosis, and cancer. NETs also contribute to the pathogenesis of several common liver diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease and portal hypertension. Although there is much interest in the therapeutic potential of NET inhibition, future clinical applications must be balanced against potential increased risk of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moira B. Hilscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Intracellular Accumulation of Staphylopine Can Sensitize Staphylococcus aureus to Host-Imposed Zinc Starvation by Chelation-Independent Toxicity. J Bacteriol 2020; 202:JB.00014-20. [PMID: 32071094 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00014-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The host restricts the availability of zinc to prevent infection. To overcome this defense, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa rely on zincophore-dependent zinc importers. Synthesis of the zincophore staphylopine by S. aureus and its import are both necessary for the bacterium to cause infection. In this study, we sought to elucidate how loss of zincophore efflux impacts bacterial resistance to host-imposed zinc starvation. In culture and during infection, mutants lacking CntE, the staphylopine efflux pump, were more sensitive to zinc starvation imposed by the metal-binding immune effector calprotectin than those lacking the ability to import staphylopine. However, disruption of staphylopine synthesis reversed the enhanced sensitivity phenotype of the ΔcntE mutant to calprotectin, indicating that intracellular toxicity of staphylopine is more detrimental than the impaired ability to acquire zinc. Unexpectedly, intracellular accumulation of staphylopine does not increase the expression of metal importers or alter cellular metal concentrations, suggesting that, contrary to prevailing models, the toxicity associated with staphylopine is not strictly due to intracellular chelation of metals. As P. aeruginosa and other pathogens produce zincophores with similar chemistry, our observations on the crucial importance of zincophore efflux are likely to be broadly relevant.IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus and many other bacterial pathogens rely on metal-binding small molecules to obtain the essential metal zinc during infection. In this study, we reveal that export of these small molecules is critical for overcoming host-imposed metal starvation during infection and prevents toxicity due to accumulation of the metal-binding molecule within the cell. Surprisingly, we found that intracellular toxicity of the molecule is not due to chelation of cellular metals.
Collapse
|
31
|
Narciclasine improves outcome in sepsis among neonatal rats via inhibition of calprotectin and alleviating inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2947. [PMID: 32076015 PMCID: PMC7031385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with exacerbated inflammatory response which subsequently results in multiple organ dysfunction. Sepsis accounts for high mortality and morbidity among newborns worldwide. Narciclasine is a plant alkaloid which has shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we investigated the effect and mechanism of action of narciclasine in neonatal sepsis rat models. The excessive release of S100A8/A9 or calprotectin in neonatal sepsis could be detrimental as it could exacerbate the inflammatory responses. We found that narciclasine significantly reduced the plasma levels of S100A8/A9 and also suppressed its expression in the liver and lung. The systemic and local bacterial load was also reduced in the narciclasine treated rats. The systemic and local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and organs (liver and lungs) was significantly reduced in the narciclasine treated rats. The histopathological studies showed that narciclasine prevents the organ damage associated with sepsis and improved the survival of neonatal rats. Sepsis increased the phosphorylated NF-κβ p65 protein expression in the liver. Narciclasine suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κβ p65 and the degradation of NF-κβ inhibitory protein alpha. It could also suppress the expression of adaptor proteins of the toll like receptor signaling pathway viz., myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). These results suggest that narciclasine protects against sepsis in neonatal rats through the inhibition of calprotectin, pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of NF-κβ signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
32
|
Peng L, Li L, He XL, Yu JY, Zeng ZJ, Yang WJ, Zhang B, Zhang TS, Cao H, Huang SH, Liu LQ. Memantine Displays Antimicrobial Activity by Enhancing Escherichia coli Pathogen-Induced Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:47. [PMID: 32117815 PMCID: PMC7031421 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to the continuous rise of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Focusing solely on bacteria as the drug targets is a major limitation inherent in the conventional antibiotic therapy. Recently, host-directed therapies have become such an innovative approach to modulate the host defense system and the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity. Our previous studies showed that memantine (MEM), an α7 nAChR antagonist, could efficiently block multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli-caused bacteremia and meningitis in a mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern the antibacterial effects of MEM are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that MEM is able to significantly suppress E. coli infection by enhancing E. coli-induced formation and release of NETs in vitro and in vivo. MEM could promote the trapping and bactericidal activities of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in a manner dependent on α7 nAChR, since knockdown of this receptor noticeably reduces the survival ability of bacteria in PMNs while MEM no longer affects the survival of bacteria in PMNs. Our results also showed that when the expression of S100A9, an antiseptic protein, is inhibited, pathogen survival rates in PMNs increase significantly. MEM reverses this effect in a concentration-dependent manner. MEM stimulates the production of MPO, S100A9, and DNA in PMNs and accelerates the release of depolymerized chromatin fibers into the extracellular space, suggesting the formation of NETs. Taken together, our data suggest that MEM effectively blocks bacterial infection through the promotion of the antibacterial function of NETs induced by E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xiao-Long He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yi Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhi-Jie Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tie-Song Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ding C, Scicluna BP, Stroo I, Yang J, Roelofs JJ, de Boer OJ, de Vos AF, Nürnberg P, Revenko AS, Crosby J, Van't Veer C, van der Poll T. Prekallikrein inhibits innate immune signaling in the lung and impairs host defense during pneumosepsis in mice. J Pathol 2019; 250:95-106. [PMID: 31595971 PMCID: PMC6972537 DOI: 10.1002/path.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prekallikrein (PKK, also known as Fletcher factor and encoded by the gene KLKB1 in humans) is a component of the contact system. Activation of the contact system has been implicated in lethality in fulminant sepsis models. Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of sepsis. We sought to determine the role of PKK in host defense during pneumosepsis. To this end, mice were infected with the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways, causing an initially localized infection of the lungs with subsequent bacterial dissemination and sepsis. Mice were treated with a selective PKK‐directed antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or a scrambled control ASO for 3 weeks prior to infection. Host response readouts were determined at 12 or 36 h post‐infection, including genome‐wide messenger RNA profiling of lungs, or mice were followed for survival. PKK ASO treatment inhibited constitutive hepatic Klkb1 mRNA expression by >80% and almost completely abolished plasma PKK activity. Klkb1 mRNA could not be detected in lungs. Pneumonia was associated with a progressive decline in PKK expression in mice treated with control ASO. PKK ASO administration was associated with a delayed mortality, reduced bacterial burdens, and diminished distant organ injury. While PKK depletion did not influence lung pathology or neutrophil recruitment, it was associated with an upregulation of multiple innate immune signaling pathways in the lungs already prior to infection. Activation of the contact system could not be detected, either during infection in vivo or at the surface of Klebsiella in vitro. These data suggest that circulating PKK confines pro‐inflammatory signaling in the lung by a mechanism that does not involve contact system activation, which in the case of respiratory tract infection may impede early protective innate immunity. © 2019 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Stroo
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Yang
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jeff Crosby
- Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Cornelis Van't Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Perlee D, de Vos AF, Scicluna BP, Maag A, Mancheño P, de la Rosa O, Dalemans W, Florquin S, Van't Veer C, Lombardo E, van der Poll T. Role of tissue factor in the procoagulant and antibacterial effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during pneumosepsis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:286. [PMID: 31547876 PMCID: PMC6757441 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improve the host response during experimental sepsis in animals. MSCs from various sources express a procoagulant activity that has been linked to the expression of tissue factor. This study sought to determine the role of tissue factor associated with adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) in their procoagulant and antibacterial effects during pneumonia-derived sepsis. Methods Mice were infused intravenously with ASCs or vehicle after infection with the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways. Results Infusion of freshly cultured or cryopreserved ASCs induced the expression of many genes associated with tissue factor signaling and coagulation activation in the lungs. Freshly cultured and cryopreserved ASCs, as well as ASC lysates, exerted procoagulant activity in vitro as determined by a fibrin generation assay, which was almost completely inhibited by an anti-tissue factor antibody. Infusion of cryopreserved ASCs was associated with a rise in plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes (indicative of coagulation activation) and formation of multiple thrombi in the lungs 4 h post-infusion. Preincubation of ASCs with anti-tissue factor antibody prior to infusion prevented the rise in plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex concentrations but did not influence thrombus formation in the lungs. ASCs reduced bacterial loads in the lungs and liver at 48 h after infection, which was not influenced by preincubation with anti-tissue factor antibody. At this late time point, microthrombi in the lungs were not detected anymore. Conclusion These data indicate that ASC-associated tissue factor is responsible for systemic activation of coagulation after infusion of ASCs but not for the formation of microthrombi in the lungs or antibacterial effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1391-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Perlee
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Maag
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Van't Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Párraga Solórzano PK, Yao J, Rock CO, Kehl-Fie TE. Disruption of Glycolysis by Nutritional Immunity Activates a Two-Component System That Coordinates a Metabolic and Antihost Response by Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2019; 10:e01321-19. [PMID: 31387906 PMCID: PMC6686040 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01321-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems to sense and adapt to the dynamic host environment. Despite critically contributing to infection, the activating signals of most of these regulators remain unknown. This also applies to the Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS two-component system, which contributes to virulence by coordinating the production of toxins, adhesins, and a metabolic response that enables the bacterium to overcome host-imposed manganese starvation. Restricting the availability of essential transition metals, a strategy known as nutritional immunity, constitutes a critical defense against infection. In this work, expression analysis revealed that manganese starvation imposed by the immune effector calprotectin or by the absence of glycolytic substrates activates ArlRS. Manganese starvation imposed by calprotectin also activated the ArlRS system even when glycolytic substrates were present. A combination of metabolomics, mutational analysis, and metabolic feeding experiments revealed that ArlRS is activated by alterations in metabolic flux occurring in the latter half of the glycolytic pathway. Moreover, calprotectin was found to induce expression of staphylococcal leukocidins in an ArlRS-dependent manner. These studies indicated that ArlRS is a metabolic sensor that allows S. aureus to integrate multiple environmental stresses that alter glycolytic flux to coordinate an antihost response and to adapt to manganese starvation. They also established that the latter half of glycolysis represents a checkpoint to monitor metabolic state in S. aureus Altogether, these findings contribute to understanding how invading pathogens, such as S. aureus, adapt to the host during infection and suggest the existence of similar mechanisms in other bacterial species.IMPORTANCE Two-component regulatory systems enable bacteria to adapt to changes in their environment during infection by altering gene expression and coordinating antihost responses. Despite the critical role of two-component systems in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, the activating signals for most of these regulators remain unidentified. This is exemplified by ArlRS, a Staphylococcus aureus global regulator that contributes to virulence and to resisting host-mediated restriction of essential nutrients, such as manganese. In this report, we demonstrate that manganese starvation and the absence of glycolytic substrates activate ArlRS. Further investigations revealed that ArlRS is activated when the latter half of glycolysis is disrupted, suggesting that S. aureus monitors flux through the second half of this pathway. Host-imposed manganese starvation also induced the expression of pore-forming toxins in an ArlRS-dependent manner. Cumulatively, this work reveals that ArlRS acts as a sensor that links nutritional status, cellular metabolism, and virulence regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola K Párraga Solórzano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Jiangwei Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas E Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Radin JN, Kelliher JL, Solórzano PKP, Grim KP, Ramezanifard R, Slauch JM, Kehl-Fie TE. Metal-independent variants of phosphoglycerate mutase promote resistance to nutritional immunity and retention of glycolysis during infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007971. [PMID: 31344131 PMCID: PMC6684088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens to consume glucose is critical during infection. However, glucose consumption increases the cellular demand for manganese sensitizing S. aureus to host-imposed manganese starvation. The current investigations were undertaken to elucidate how S. aureus copes with the need to consume glucose when metal-limited by the host. A critical component of host defense is production of the manganese binding protein calprotectin. S. aureus has two variants of phosphoglycerate mutase, one of which is manganese-dependent, GpmI, and another that is manganese-independent, GpmA. Leveraging the ability to impose metal starvation in culture utilizing calprotectin revealed that the loss of GpmA, but not GpmI, sensitized S. aureus to manganese starvation. Metabolite feeding experiments revealed that the growth defect of GpmA when manganese-starved was due to a defect in glycolysis and not gluconeogenesis. Loss of GpmA reduces the ability of S. aureus to cause invasive disease in wild type mice. However, GpmA was dispensable in calprotectin-deficient mice, which have defects in manganese sequestration, indicating that this isozyme contributes to the ability of S. aureus to overcome manganese limitation during infection. Cumulatively, these observations suggest that expressing a metal-independent variant enables S. aureus to consume glucose while mitigating the negative impact that glycolysis has on the cellular demand for manganese. S. aureus is not the only bacterium that expresses manganese-dependent and -independent variants of phosphoglycerate mutase. Similar results were also observed in culture with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutants lacking the metal-independent isozyme. These similar observations in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens suggest that expression of metal-independent glycolytic isozymes is a common strategy employed by bacteria to survive in metal-limited environments, such as the host. Pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella species, must be able to consume glucose in order to cause infection. However, glycolysis can increase the need for manganese and sensitize invaders to the manganese-withholding defense of the host, known as nutritional immunity. How pathogens manage these conflicting pressures is currently unknown. The current investigations revealed that a second metal-independent variant of phosphoglycerate mutase possessed by both S. aureus and Salmonella enables them to grow and consume glycolytic substrates in the presence of the manganese-binding immune effector calprotectin. Infection experiments revealed that the manganese-independent isozyme critically contributes to the ability of S. aureus to overcome manganese starvation during infection. Together, these results suggest that using metal-independent isozymes to enable the consumption of sugars within the host or other metal-limited environments is a common strategy employed by diverse bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana N. Radin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Kelliher
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Paola K. Párraga Solórzano
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Departmento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Kyle P. Grim
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Rouhallah Ramezanifard
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - James M. Slauch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lonergan ZR, Skaar EP. Nutrient Zinc at the Host-Pathogen Interface. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:1041-1056. [PMID: 31326221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential cofactor required for life and, as such, mechanisms exist for its homeostatic maintenance in biological systems. Despite the evolutionary distance between vertebrates and microbial life, there are parallel mechanisms to balance the essentiality of zinc with its inherent toxicity. Vertebrates regulate zinc homeostasis through a complex network of metal transporters and buffering systems that respond to changes in nutritional zinc availability or inflammation. Fine-tuning of this network becomes crucial during infections, where host nutritional immunity attempts to limit zinc availability to pathogens. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that pathogens have evolved mechanisms to subvert host-mediated zinc withholding, and these metal homeostasis systems are important for survival within the host. We discuss here the mechanisms of vertebrate and bacterial zinc homeostasis and mobilization, as well as recent developments in our understanding of microbial zinc acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachery R Lonergan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Microbe-Host Interactions Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perlee D, de Vos AF, Scicluna BP, Mancheño P, de la Rosa O, Dalemans W, Nürnberg P, Lombardo E, van der Poll T. Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modify Lung Immunity and Improve Antibacterial Defense in Pneumosepsis Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:785-796. [PMID: 31033196 PMCID: PMC6646807 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells exert immunomodulatory effects that might improve the host response during sepsis. Knowledge on the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in sepsis is limited. Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae is a common cause of gram-negative pneumonia and sepsis. This study sought to determine the effect of human ASCs on the host response during pneumosepsis in mice. Mice were infected with K. pneumoniae via the airways to induce a gradually evolving infection in the lung culminating pneumosepsis. One or 6 hours after infection, mice were infused intravenously with ASCs or vehicle, and euthanized after 16 hours or 48 hours, respectively. The effects of freshly cultured and cryopreserved ASCs were compared, the latter formulation being more clinically relevant. Intravenously administered ASCs were visualized in lung tissue by immunostaining at 1 and 3 hours, but not at 15 hours after infusion. Although early after infection, ASCs did not or only modestly influence bacterial loads, they reduced bacterial burdens in lungs and distant organs at 48 hours. ASCs reduced the lung levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuated lung pathology, but did not influence distant organ injury. ASCs strongly modified the lung transcriptome in uninfected mice and especially mice with pneumosepsis. Cryopreserved and cultured ASCs induced largely similar effects on the lung transcriptome. These data indicate that human ASCs induce profound immune modulatory effects in the lungs, resulting in reduced bacterial burdens and lung inflammation during pneumosepsis caused by a common human pathogen, suggesting that ASCs may be an adjunctive therapeutic in this condition. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:785&796.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Perlee
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ding C, Yang J, Van't Veer C, van der Poll T. Bradykinin receptor deficiency or antagonism do not impact the host response during gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:14. [PMID: 30874974 PMCID: PMC6419653 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinins are short peptides with a wide range of proinflammatory properties that are generated from kininogens in the so-called kallikrein-kinin system. Kinins exert their biological activities through stimulation of two distinct receptor subtypes, the kinin or bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R, B2R). Acute challenge models have implicated B1R and B2R in the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, their role in the host response during sepsis originating from the lung is not known. RESULTS To determine the role of B1R and B2R in pneumonia-derived sepsis, B1R/B2R-deficient mice and wild-type mice treated with the B1R antagonist R-715 or the B2R antagonist HOE-140 were studied after infection with the common gram-negative pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways. Neither B1R/B2R deficiency nor B1R or B2R inhibition influenced bacterial growth at the primary site of infection or dissemination to distant body sites. In addition, B1R/B2R deficiency or inhibition did not impact local or systemic inflammatory responses during Klebsiella induced pneumosepsis. CONCLUSIONS These data argue against an important role for kinins in the host response to pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by a clinically relevant pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Yang
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Van't Veer
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A Non-Peptidic S100A9 Specific Ligand for Optical Imaging of Phagocyte Activity In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:407-416. [PMID: 29185197 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-invasive assessment of inflammatory activity in the course of various diseases is a largely unmet clinical challenge. An early feature of inflammation is local secretion of the alarmin S100A8/A9 by activated phagocytes. We here evaluate a novel S100A9-targeted small molecule tracer Cy5.5-CES271 for in vivo optical imaging of inflammatory activity in exemplary disease models. PROCEDURES Dynamics of Cy5.5-CES271 was characterized in a model of irritant contact dermatitis by sequential fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) up to 24 h postinjection (p.i.). Specificity of Cy5.5-CES271 binding to S100A9 in vivo was examined by blocking studies and by employing S100A9-/- mice. Finally, S100A9 secretion in acute lung inflammation was assessed by Cy5.5-CES271 and FRI of explanted lungs. RESULTS In ear inflammation, we were able to non-invasively follow the time course of S100A9 expression using Cy5.5-CES271 and FRI over 24 h p.i. (peak activity at 3 h p.i.). Specificity of imaging could be shown by a significant signal reduction after predosing and using S100A9-/- mice. In acute lung injury, local and systemic S100A8/A9 levels increased over time and correlated significantly with FRI signal levels in explanted lungs. CONCLUSIONS Cy5.5-CES271 shows significant accumulation in models of inflammatory diseases and specific binding to S100A9 in vivo. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the potential of a small molecule non-peptidic tracer enabling imaging of S100A9 as a marker of local phagocyte activity in inflammatory scenarios suggesting this compound class for translational attempts.
Collapse
|
42
|
Synergy between Nutritional Immunity and Independent Host Defenses Contributes to the Importance of the MntABC Manganese Transporter during Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 87:IAI.00642-18. [PMID: 30348827 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00642-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, the host utilizes a diverse array of processes to combat invaders, including the restriction of availability of essential nutrients such as manganese. Similarly to many other pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus possesses two manganese importers, MntH and MntABC. Several infection models have revealed a critical role for MntABC during staphylococcal infection. However, culture-based studies have suggested parity between the two transporters when cells are resisting manganese starvation imposed by the manganese binding immune effector calprotectin. In this investigation, initial elemental analysis revealed that MntABC is the primary transporter responsible for obtaining manganese in culture in the presence of calprotectin. MntABC was also necessary to maintain wild-type levels of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase activity in the presence of calprotectin. Building on this framework, we investigated if MntABC enabled S. aureus to resist the synergistic actions of nutritional immunity and other host defenses. This analysis revealed that MntABC critically contributes to staphylococcal growth when S. aureus is subjected to manganese limitations and exposed to oxidative stress. This transporter was also important for growth in manganese-limited environments when S. aureus was forced to consume glucose as an energy source, which occurs when it encounters nitric oxide. MntABC also expanded the pH range conducive for S. aureus growth under conditions of manganese scarcity. Collectively, the data presented in this work provide a robust molecular basis for the crucial role of MntABC in staphylococcal virulence. Further, this work highlights the importance of synergy between host defenses and the necessity of evaluating the contribution of virulence factors to pathogenesis in the presence of multiple stressors.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lienau S, Rink L, Wessels I. The role of zinc in calprotectin expression in human myeloid cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:106-112. [PMID: 29895358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of calprotectin and other inflammatory mediators have been observed in inflammatory diseases paralleling serum hypozincemia. While a role of zinc in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression has been established, the direct interrelation of zinc and calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9 heterodimer) expression is so far missing. In the present study, we analyzed mRNA and protein levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in monocytic Mono Mac (MM)1 and early myeloid THP-1 and U937 cells to elucidate the effect of zinc deficiency on their expression. We could depict that zinc deficiency alone enhances mRNA and protein expression of calprotectin in myeloid cells, independently from maturity stage. Moreover, pre-existing zinc deficiency augmented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced calprotectin expression in CD14+ MM1, but not in CD14- U937 or CD14- THP-1 cells. Zinc deficiency and LPS seem therefore to activate different intracellular pathways. Our findings suggest that zinc does not only regulate the activity of calprotectin but also its expression by human myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lienau
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stroo I, Ding C, Novak A, Yang J, Roelofs JJTH, Meijers JCM, Revenko AS, van 't Veer C, Zeerleder S, Crosby JR, van der Poll T. Inhibition of the extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway during pneumonia-derived sepsis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L799-L809. [PMID: 30136609 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00014.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of sepsis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen in pneumonia and sepsis. Infection is associated with activation of the coagulation system. Coagulation can be activated by the extrinsic and intrinsic routes, mediated by factor VII (FVII) and factor XII (FXII), respectively. To determine the role of FVII and FXII in the host response during pneumonia-derived sepsis, mice were treated with specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) directed at FVII or FXII for 3 wk before infection with K. pneumoniae via the airways. FVII ASO treatment strongly inhibited hepatic FVII mRNA expression, reduced plasma FVII to ~25% of control, and selectively prolonged the prothrombin time. FXII ASO treatment strongly suppressed hepatic FXII mRNA expression, reduced plasma FXII to ~20% of control, and selectively prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time. Lungs also expressed FVII mRNA, which was not altered by FVII ASO administration. Very low FXII mRNA levels were detected in lungs, which were not modified by FXII ASO treatment. FVII ASO attenuated systemic activation of coagulation but did not influence fibrin deposition in lung tissue. FVII ASO enhanced bacterial loads in lungs and mitigated sepsis-induced distant organ injury. FXII inhibition did not affect any of the host response parameters measured. These results suggest that partial inhibition of FVII, but not of FXII, modifies the host response to gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Stroo
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Chao Ding
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Andreja Novak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jack Yang
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Drug Discovery and Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Carlsbad, California
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jeff R Crosby
- Drug Discovery and Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, Carlsbad, California
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mason LMK, Coumou J, Ersöz JI, Oei A, Roelofs JJTH, Vogl T, van der Poll T, Hovius JWR. MRP8/14 does not contribute to dissemination or inflammation in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. Immunobiology 2018; 223:694-698. [PMID: 30056999 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein (MRP)8 and MRP14 form a complex (MRP8/14) that is released by activated neutrophils and monocytes during infection. MRP8/14 has been shown to have bacteriostatic activity in vitro against Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme borreliosis. Furthermore, levels of MRP8/14 have been shown to be elevated in the joints of patients with Lyme arthritis. We hypothesized that MRP8/14 has a protective effect during B. burgdorferi infection. To determine the role of MRP8/14 in the immune response to B. burgdorferi, we studied the course of B. burgdorferi infection in wildtype (wt) and mrp14-/- mice. In addition, we studied the response of leukocytes from mice lacking MRP8/14 to B. burgdorferi ex vivo. We demonstrated similar levels of B. burgdorferi dissemination, cytokine and immunoglobulin production in infected wt and mrp14-/- mice after 21 days. Neutrophils and monocytes lacking MRP8/14 were undiminished in their ability to become activated or phagocytose B. burgdorferi. In conclusion, we did not find a central role of MRP8/14 in the immune response against B. burgdorferi. As the levels of MRP8/14 in the serum of infected mice were low, we speculate that MRP8/14 is not released in levels great enough to influence the course of B. burgdorferi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M K Mason
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Coumou
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin I Ersöz
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Oei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joppe W R Hovius
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Claushuis TAM, van der Donk LEH, Luitse AL, van Veen HA, van der Wel NN, van Vught LA, Roelofs JJTH, de Boer OJ, Lankelma JM, Boon L, de Vos AF, van 't Veer C, van der Poll T. Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia-Derived Sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1241-1252. [PMID: 29987161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyzes citrullination of histones, an important step for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We aimed to determine the role of PAD4 during pneumonia. Markers of NET formation were measured in lavage fluid from airways of critically ill patients. NET formation and host defense were studied during pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in PAD4+/+ and PAD4-/- mice. Patients with pneumosepsis, compared with those with nonpulmonary disease, showed increased citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3) levels in their airways and a trend toward elevated levels of NET markers cell-free DNA and nucleosomes. During murine pneumosepsis, CitH3 levels were increased in the lungs of PAD4+/+ but not of PAD4-/- mice. Combined light and electron microscopy showed NET-like structures surrounding Klebsiella in areas of CitH3 staining in the lung; however, these were also seen in PAD4-/- mice with absent CitH3 lung staining. Moreover, cell-free DNA and nucleosome levels were mostly similar in both groups. Moreover, Klebsiella and LPS could still induce NETosis in PAD4-/- neutrophils. Both groups showed largely similar bacterial growth, lung inflammation, and organ injury. In conclusion, these data argue against a major role for PAD4 in NET formation, host defense, or organ injury during pneumonia-derived sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodora A M Claushuis
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
| | - Lieve E H van der Donk
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna L Luitse
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A van Veen
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Lankelma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Transition metals are required cofactors for many proteins that are critical for life, and their concentration within cells is carefully maintained to avoid both deficiency and toxicity. To defend against bacterial pathogens, vertebrate immune proteins sequester metals, in particular zinc, iron, and manganese, as a strategy to limit bacterial acquisition of these necessary nutrients in a process termed "nutritional immunity." In response, bacteria have evolved elegant strategies to access metals and counteract this host defense. In mammals, metal abundance can drastically shift due to changes in dietary intake or absorption from the intestinal tract, disrupting the balance between host and pathogen in the fight for metals and altering susceptibility to disease. This review describes the current understanding of how dietary metals modulate host-microbe interactions and the subsequent impact on the outcome of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang S, Song R, Wang Z, Jing Z, Wang S, Ma J. S100A8/A9 in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1298. [PMID: 29942307 PMCID: PMC6004386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9 (also known as MRP8 and MRP14, respectively) are Ca2+ binding proteins belonging to the S100 family. They often exist in the form of heterodimer, while homodimer exists very little because of the stability. S100A8/A9 is constitutively expressed in neutrophils and monocytes as a Ca2+ sensor, participating in cytoskeleton rearrangement and arachidonic acid metabolism. During inflammation, S100A8/A9 is released actively and exerts a critical role in modulating the inflammatory response by stimulating leukocyte recruitment and inducing cytokine secretion. S100A8/A9 serves as a candidate biomarker for diagnosis and follow-up as well as a predictive indicator of therapeutic responses to inflammation-associated diseases. As blockade of S100A8/A9 activity using small-molecule inhibitors or antibodies improves pathological conditions in murine models, the heterodimer has potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the distribution and biological functions of S100A8/A9 and highlight its application as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaocheng Jing
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxiong Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Denstaedt SJ, Spencer-Segal JL, Newstead MW, Laborc K, Zhao AP, Hjelmaas A, Zeng X, Akil H, Standiford TJ, Singer BH. S100A8/A9 Drives Neuroinflammatory Priming and Protects against Anxiety-like Behavior after Sepsis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3188-3200. [PMID: 29563178 PMCID: PMC5915914 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis commonly results in acute and chronic brain dysfunction, which dramatically increases the morbidity associated with this common disease. Chronic brain dysfunction in animal models of sepsis survival is linked to persistent neuroinflammation and expression of multiple cytokines. However, we have found previously that microglia predominantly upregulate the damage associated molecule S100A8/A9 after sepsis. In this article, we show that S100A8/A9 is increased in the brains of patients who died of sepsis and that S100A8 is expressed in astrocytes and myeloid cells. Using a mouse model of sepsis survival, we show that S100A8/A9 is persistently expressed in the brain after sepsis. S100A9 expression is necessary for recruitment of neutrophils to the brain and for priming production of reactive oxygen species and TNF-α secretion in microglia and macrophages. However, despite improving these indices of chronic inflammation, S100A9 deficiency results in worsened anxiety-like behavior 2 wk after sepsis. Taken together, these results indicate that S100A8/A9 contributes to several facets of neuroinflammation in sepsis survivor mice, including granulocyte recruitment and priming of microglial-reactive oxygen species and cytokine production, and that these processes may be protective against anxiety behavior in sepsis survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denstaedt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Joanna L Spencer-Segal
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Klaudia Laborc
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Anne P Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alexander Hjelmaas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Benjamin H Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are short amphipathic peptides that are produced by the innate immune system in order to protect a host from pathogens. They have been shown to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antiviral activity. These peptides are able to exert their activity through a variety of mechanisms that include inhibiting DNA and RNA replication, inhibiting protein synthesis, permeabilizing the cell membrane, disrupting proton and ion transmembrane gradients, and inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Certain antimicrobial peptides are able to utilize metals to modulate their activity through structural changes upon metal binding, metal sequestration, and redox chemistry. This work aims to provide a review of the current literature regarding the influence of metals on the activity of antimicrobial metallopeptides and their uses in drug delivery and the treatment of implant-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Alexander
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zechariah Thompson
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - J. A. Cowan
- Evans Laboratory of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|