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Favresse J, Tré-Hardy M, Gillot C, Cupaiolo R, Wilmet A, Beukinga I, Blairon L, Bayart JL, Closset M, Wauthier L, Cabo J, David C, Elsen M, Dogné JM, Douxfils J. Vaccine-induced humoral response of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 against BA.1, BA.5, and XBB.1.5. (sub)variants 6 months after a homologous booster: is immunogenicity equivalent? Heliyon 2024; 10:e36116. [PMID: 39247272 PMCID: PMC11379571 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some studies suggest that the monovalent mRNA-1273 vaccine is more effective than BNT162b2 in producing higher levels of antibodies. However, limited data are available, and the methods used are not directly comparable. Material and methods Blood samples were obtained before the booster (third dose) and after 14, 90, and 180 days in two similar cohorts who received the original BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine designed to target wild type SARS-CoV-2. The aim of our study is to compare their effectiveness by assessing the levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies specifically against each of the BA.1 variant, BA.5 variant, and the XBB.1.5 subvariant. Results Once the peak was reached after two weeks, a drastic decline in binding and neutralizing antibodies was observed up to 6 months after the homologous booster administration. The humoral response was however more sustained with the mRNA-1273 booster, with half-lives of 167, 55, and 48 days for binding, BA.1, and BA.5 neutralizing antibodies compared to 144, 30, and 29 days for the BNT162b2 booster, respectively. Compared to the BA.1 variant, the neutralizing capacity was significantly decreased at 6 months with the BA.5 variant (fold-decrease: 1.67 to 3.20) and the XBB.1.5. subvariant (fold-decrease: 2.86 to 5.48). Conclusion Although the decrease in the humoral response was observed with both mRNA vaccines over time, a more sustained response was observed with the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Moreover, the emergence of Omicron-based variants causes a reduced neutralizing capacity, notably with the XBB.1.5. subvariant. The administration of subsequent boosters would therefore be needed to restore a sufficiently high neutralizing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Favresse
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie Tré-Hardy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Iris Hospitals South, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Constant Gillot
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Roberto Cupaiolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Iris Hospitals South, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Wilmet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Iris Hospitals South, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Beukinga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Iris Hospitals South, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Blairon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Iris Hospitals South, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Pierre, Ottignies, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Closset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Loris Wauthier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien Cabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Clara David
- Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Elsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Biological Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bronder S, Mihm J, Urschel R, Klemis V, Schmidt T, Marx S, Abu-Omar A, Hielscher F, Guckelmus C, Widera M, Sester U, Sester M. Potent induction of humoral and cellular immunity after bivalent BA.4/5 mRNA vaccination in dialysis patients. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:25. [PMID: 38326340 PMCID: PMC10850212 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on immunogenicity of the bivalent Omicron BA.4/5 vaccine in dialysis patients and the effect of a previous infection is limited. Therefore, vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immunity was analyzed in dialysis patients and immunocompetent controls with and without prior infection. In an observational study, 33 dialysis patients and 58 controls matched for age, sex and prior infection status were recruited. Specific IgG, neutralizing antibody activity and cellular immunity towards the spike-antigen from parental SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron-subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 were analyzed before and 13-18 days after vaccination. The bivalent vaccine led to a significant induction of IgG, neutralizing titers, and specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell levels. Neutralizing activity towards the parental strain was higher than towards the Omicron-subvariants, whereas specific T-cell levels towards parental spike and Omicron-subvariants did not differ indicating substantial cross-reactivity. Dialysis patients with prior infection had significantly higher spike-specific CD4+ T-cell levels with lower CTLA-4 expression compared to infection-naive patients. When compared to controls, no differences were observed between infection-naive individuals. Among convalescent individuals, CD4+ T-cell levels were higher in patients and neutralizing antibodies were higher in controls. Vaccination was overall well tolerated in both dialysis patients and controls with significantly less adverse events among patients. In conclusion, our study did not provide any evidence for impaired immunogenicity of the bivalent Omicron BA.4/5 vaccine in dialysis patients. Unlike in controls, previous infection of patients was even associated with higher levels of spike-specific CD4+ T cells, which may reflect prolonged encounter with antigen during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bronder
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Urschel
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Verena Klemis
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Schmidt
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Marx
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Amina Abu-Omar
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Hielscher
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Candida Guckelmus
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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3
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Yau K, Tam P, Chan CT, Hu Q, Qi F, Abe KT, Kurtesi A, Jiang Y, Estrada-Codecido J, Brown T, Liu L, Siwakoti A, Leis JA, Levin A, Oliver MJ, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Hladunewich MA. BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 Third Dose COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with CKD and Maintenance Dialysis Patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:85-97. [PMID: 37847518 PMCID: PMC10843183 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of randomized controlled trial data regarding differences in immunogenicity of varying coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine regimens in CKD populations. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial at three kidney centers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, evaluating the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody response after third dose vaccination. Participants ( n =273) with CKD not on dialysis or receiving dialysis were randomized 1:1 to third dose 30- µ g BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or 100- µ g mRNA-1273 (Moderna). The primary outcome of this study was SARS-CoV-2 IgG-binding antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD). Spike protein (antispike), nucleocapsid protein, and vaccine reactogenicity were also evaluated. Serology was measured before third dose and 1, 3, and 6 months after third dose. A subset of participants ( n =100) were randomly selected to assess viral pseudovirus neutralization against wild-type D614G, B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1). RESULTS Among 273 participants randomized, 94% were receiving maintenance dialysis and 59% received BNT162b2 for initial two dose COVID-19 vaccination. Third dose of mRNA-1273 was associated with higher mean anti-RBD levels (1871 binding antibody units [BAU]/ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], 829 to 2988) over a 6-month period in comparison with third dose BNT162b2 (1332 BAU/ml; 95% CI, 367 to 2402) with a difference of 539 BAU/ml (95% CI, 139 to 910; P = 0.009). Neither antispike levels nor neutralizing antibodies to wild-type, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 pseudoviruses were statistically different. COVID-19 infection occurred in 10% of participants: 15 (11%) receiving mRNA-1273 and 11 (8%) receiving BNT162b2. Third dose BNT162b2 was not associated with a significant different risk for COVID-19 in comparison with mRNA-1273 (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.27 to 2.2; P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD, third dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination with mRNA-1273 elicited higher SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD levels in comparison with BNT162b2 over a 6-month period. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters in Patients With CKD (BOOST KIDNEY), NCT05022329 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Tam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher T. Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Queenie Hu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Freda Qi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kento T. Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kurtesi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yidi Jiang
- Clinical Trial Support, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose Estrada-Codecido
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Brown
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aswani Siwakoti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerome A. Leis
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adeera Levin
- British Columbia Provincial Renal Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Oliver
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Renal Network, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle A. Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Renal Network, Ontario Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Fong W, Woon TH, Chew LC, Low A, Law A, Poh YJ, Yeo SI, Leung YY, Ma M, Santosa A, Kong KO, Xu C, Teng GG, Mak A, Tay SH, Chuah TY, Roslan NE, Angkodjojo S, Phang KF, Sriranganathan M, Tan TC, Cheung P, Lahiri M. Prevalence and factors associated with flares following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis: a national cohort study. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:38. [PMID: 37528453 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence and factors associated with flares post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). METHODS A retrospective multi-centre study was conducted (January 2021 to February 2022). Data were collected during index visit, defined as first post-vaccine visit in which the patient had a physician-defined flare, or if at least 3 months had elapsed since first vaccine dose, whichever came first. Factors associated with flares were identified using mixed effects Cox regression and expressed as hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Total of 2377 patients were included (1563 RA, 415 PsA and 399 SpA). Among patients with RA, PsA and SpA, 21.3%, 24.1% and 21.8% experienced a flare respectively. Of those who experienced a flare, only 10.2%, 11.0% and 14.9% were severe in patients with RA, PsA and SpA respectively. Patients with low or moderate/high disease were more likely to flare compared to those in remission in patients with RA only (HR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.22-2.31; HR: 2.28, 95% CI 1.50-3.48, respectively). Receiving the Moderna vaccine was associated with a higher HR of flare compared to the Pfizer vaccine in patients with PsA only (HR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.20-4.08). Patients who had two vaccine doses were found to be less likely to flare (HR: 0.08, 95% CI 0.06-0.10). HRs of flares were not significantly different among RA, PsA and SpA. CONCLUSION About one-fifth of patients experienced a disease flare post COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, but most flares were non-severe. Patients with active disease prior to vaccination should be monitored closely for disease flares, especially in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Rheumatology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ting Hui Woon
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Li-Ching Chew
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Low
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annie Law
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Rheumatology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Jia Poh
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Siaw Ing Yeo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Academia, Level 4, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Rheumatology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Margaret Ma
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Santosa
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Ooi Kong
- Rheumatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- Rheumatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gim Gee Teng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tyng Yu Chuah
- Rheumatology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kee Fong Phang
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Teck Choon Tan
- Rheumatology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manjari Lahiri
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Ahmad A, Samarani S, Costiniuk CT. Antibody and T-cell responses elicited by coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in people with HIV-1: the case of late presenters. AIDS 2023; 37:1625-1627. [PMID: 37450628 PMCID: PMC10355331 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Rossi M, Pessolano G, Gambaro G. What has vaccination against COVID-19 in CKD patients taught us? J Nephrol 2023; 36:1257-1266. [PMID: 37140817 PMCID: PMC10157569 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccination strategies are of crucial importance to protecting patients who are vulnerable to infections, such as patients with chronic kidney disease. This is because the decreased efficiency of the immune system in chronic kidney disease impairs vaccine-induced immunisation. COVID-19 has prompted investigation of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in chronic kidney disease and in kidney transplant recipients in an effort to improve efficacy. The seroconversion rate after two vaccine doses is reduced, especially in kidney transplant recipients. Furthermore, although the seroconversion rate in chronic kidney disease patients is as high as in healthy subjects, anti-spike antibody titres are lower than in healthy vaccinated individuals, and these titres decrease rapidly. Although the vaccine-induced anti-spike antibody titre correlates with neutralising antibody levels and with protection against COVID-19, the protective prognostic significance of their titre is decreased due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants other than the Wuhan index virus against which the original vaccines were produced. Cellular immunity is also relevant, and because of cross-reactivity to the spike protein, epitopes of different viral variants confer protection against newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. A multi-dose vaccination strategy is the most effective way to obtain a sufficient serological response. In kidney transplant recipients, a 5-week discontinuation period from antimetabolite drugs in concomitance with vaccine administration may also increase the vaccine's efficacy. The newly acquired knowledge obtained from COVID-19 vaccination is of general interest for the success of other vaccinations in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Rossi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Pessolano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
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7
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Salahandish R, Hyun JE, Haghayegh F, Tabrizi HO, Moossavi S, Khetani S, Ayala-Charca G, Berenger BM, Niu YD, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Nezhad AS. CoVSense: Ultrasensitive Nucleocapsid Antigen Immunosensor for Rapid Clinical Detection of Wildtype and Variant SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206615. [PMID: 36995043 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread accessibility of commercial/clinically-viable electrochemical diagnostic systems for rapid quantification of viral proteins demands translational/preclinical investigations. Here, Covid-Sense (CoVSense) antigen testing platform; an all-in-one electrochemical nano-immunosensor for sample-to-result, self-validated, and accurate quantification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N)-proteins in clinical examinations is developed. The platform's sensing strips benefit from a highly-sensitive, nanostructured surface, created through the incorporation of carboxyl-functionalized graphene nanosheets, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conductive polymers, enhancing the overall conductivity of the system. The nanoengineered surface chemistry allows for compatible direct assembly of bioreceptor molecules. CoVSense offers an inexpensive (<$2 kit) and fast/digital response (<10 min), measured using a customized hand-held reader (<$25), enabling data-driven outbreak management. The sensor shows 95% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity (Ct<25), and overall sensitivity of 91% for combined symptomatic/asymptomatic cohort with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 or B.1.1.7 variant (N = 105, nasal/throat samples). The sensor correlates the N-protein levels to viral load, detecting high Ct values of ≈35, with no sample preparation steps, while outperforming the commercial rapid antigen tests. The current translational technology fills the gap in the workflow of rapid, point-of-care, and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Salahandish
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnologies for Health Assessments (LAB-HA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jae Eun Hyun
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Haghayegh
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hamed Osouli Tabrizi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sultan Khetani
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giancarlo Ayala-Charca
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Byron M Berenger
- Alberta Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4W4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yan Dong Niu
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Biliotti E, Caioli A, Sorace C, Lionetti R, Milozzi E, Taibi C, Visco Comandini U, Maggi F, Puro V, D'Offizi G. Humoral Immune Response after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Prospective Real-Life Single Center Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051320. [PMID: 37238990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination effectively reduces mortality and morbidity in cirrhotic patients, but the immunogenicity and safety of vaccination have been partially characterized. The study aimed to evaluate humoral response, predictive factors, and safety of mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination in cirrhotic patients compared to healthy subjects. A prospective, single-center, observational study enrolled consecutive cirrhotic patients who underwent mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination from April to May 2021. Anti-spike-protein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid-protein (anti-N) antibodies were evaluated before the first (T0) and the second (T1) doses and 15 days after completing the vaccination. An age and sex-matched healthy reference group was included. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was assessed. In total, 162 cirrhotic patients were enrolled, 13 were excluded due to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, 149 patients and 149 Health Care Workers (HCWs) were included in the analysis. The seroconversion rate was similar in cirrhotic patients and HCWs at T1 (92.5% vs. 95.3%, p = 0.44) and T2 (100% in both groups). At T2, anti-S-titres were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients compared to HCWs (2776.6 vs. 1756 BAU/mL, p < 0.001]. Male sex (β = -0.32 [-0.64, -0.04], p = 0.027) and past-HCV-infection (β = -0.31 [-0.59, -0.04], p = 0.029) were independent predictors of lower anti-S-titres on multiple-gamma-regression-analysis. No severe AEs occurred. The COVID-19-mRNA vaccination induces a high immunization rate and anti-S-titres in cirrhotic patients. Male sex and past-HCV infection are associated with lower anti-S-titres. The COVID-19-mRNA vaccination is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Biliotti
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caioli
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Sorace
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lionetti
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Milozzi
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Taibi
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Visco Comandini
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Puro
- Risk Management Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero D'Offizi
- Infectious Diseases Hepatology Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
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9
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Prediction of humoral and cellular immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination by TTV load in kidney transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients. J Clin Virol 2023; 162:105428. [PMID: 36989730 PMCID: PMC10036154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Immunosuppressed individuals such as kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and hemodialysis patients (DP) show impaired immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. Plasma Torque Teno Virus (TTV) DNA load is used as surrogate for the individual degree of immunosuppression. We now assessed the association of TTV load at time of COVID-19 vaccination with humoral and cellular immune response rates to vaccination in KTR, DP, and healthy medical personnel (MP). Methods A total of 100 KTR, 115 DP and 54 MP were included. All were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at the time of vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Plasma TTV loads were assessed at the time of first vaccination. After two-dose vaccination, seroconversion (de novo detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1-IgA and/or IgG) was determined. In addition, cellular responses as assessed by interferon γ release and neutralizing antibodies were assessed in a subset of participants. ROC analyses were performed to define TTV load cut-offs predicting specific immune responses to vaccination. Results Plasma TTV loads at the time of first vaccination were negatively associated with seroconversion after two-dose vaccination in KTR (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). TTV loads were significantly lower in KTR who developed humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination compared to non-responders (p=0.0411 and 0.0030, respectively). Of patients with TTV loads above 106 copies/ml, none developed cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, and only 2 of 17 (12%) seroconverted in response to vaccination. Conclusion Plasma TTV loads at the time of first vaccination in immunosuppressed individuals may be useful to predict individual vaccine-specific immune responses.
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10
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Humoral Responses in the Omicron Era Following 3-Dose SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Series in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct 2022; 9:e1401. [DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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11
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Gil-Manso S, Alonso R, Catalán P, Sánchez-Arcilla I, Marzola M, Correa-Rocha R, Pion M, Muñoz P. IgG anti-RBD levels during 8-month follow-up post-vaccination with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines in healthcare workers: A one-center study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1035155. [PMID: 36530428 PMCID: PMC9748346 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the COVID-19 outbreak, specific mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and distributed worldwide. Because this is the first time that mRNA vaccines have been used, there are several questions regarding their capacity to confer immunity and the durability of the specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 response. Therefore, the objective of this study was to recruit a large cohort of healthcare workers from the Gregorio Marañón Hospital vaccinated with the mRNA-1273 or BNT126b2 vaccines and to follow-up on IgG anti-RBD levels at 8 months post-vaccination. Methods We recruited 4,970 volunteers and measured IgG anti-RBD antibodies on days 30 and 240 post-vaccination. Results We observed that both vaccines induced high levels of antibodies on day 30, while a drastic wane was observed on day 240, where mRNA-1273 vaccinated induced higher levels than BNT162b2. Stratifying by vaccine type, age, gender, and comorbidities, we identified that older mRNA-1273-vaccinated volunteers had higher antibody levels than the younger volunteers, contrary to what was observed in the BNT162b2-vaccinated volunteers. Discussion In conclusion, we observed that mRNA-1273 has a higher capacity to induce a humoral response than BNT162b2 and that age is a factor in the specific response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gil-Manso
- Advanced ImmunoRegulation Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Sergio Gil-Manso, ; Roberto Alonso,
| | - Roberto Alonso
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Sergio Gil-Manso, ; Roberto Alonso,
| | - Pilar Catalán
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sánchez-Arcilla
- Department of Labour Risks Prevention, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Marzola
- Department of Labour Risks Prevention, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Advanced ImmunoRegulation Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Affeldt P, Koehler FC, Brensing KA, Gies M, Platen E, Adam V, Butt L, Grundmann F, Heger E, Hinrichs S, Kalisch N, Oehm S, Steger G, Wirtz M, Benzing T, Stippel D, Klein F, Kurschat C, Müller RU, Di Cristanziano V. Immune Response to Third and Fourth COVID-19 Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122646. [PMID: 36560648 PMCID: PMC9785871 DOI: 10.3390/v14122646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious hazard for hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients as they suffer from an impaired immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In addition, a definition of SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer that indicates a sufficient immune response, especially against new omicron variants, is urgently needed. In the present study, the immune response to either a third or a fourth dose of a mRNA vaccine was investigated in 309 dialysis and 36 KTX patients. SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer thresholds indicating neutralizing activity against wild type (WT) and the omicron variant BA.1 were quantified. After four vaccine doses, a high-neutralizing activity against WT was evidenced in HD patients, whereas the neutralizing rate against BA.1 was significant lower. Concerning KTX recipients, humoral and cellular immune responses after a third vaccination were still highly impaired. This calls for modified omicron-targeting vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Affeldt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Carlo Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Martin Gies
- KfH-Nierenzentrum Köln-Longerich, 50737 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Platen
- Nierenzentrum Eifel, 53894 Mechernich, Germany
| | - Vivien Adam
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Heger
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Hinrichs
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Kalisch
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Oehm
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gertrud Steger
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maike Wirtz
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Kurschat
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.-U.M.); (V.D.C.); Tel.: +49-221-478-30966 (R.-U.M.); +49-221-478-85828 (V.D.C.)
| | - Veronica Di Cristanziano
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.-U.M.); (V.D.C.); Tel.: +49-221-478-30966 (R.-U.M.); +49-221-478-85828 (V.D.C.)
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13
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Malik SA, Modarage K, Goggolidou P. A systematic review assessing the effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in chronic kidney disease (CKD) individuals. F1000Res 2022; 11:909. [PMID: 36531259 PMCID: PMC9732501 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122820.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus that has rapidly spread across the world with a detrimental effect on the global population. Several reports have highlighted an increased mortality rate and a higher severity of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease (CKD) individuals. Upon the development of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, mRNA vaccines including BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 were deemed safe, with a high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 in the general population. This review investigates whether SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are as effective in triggering an immune response in Dialysis Patients (DPs) and Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTRs) and if a third dose is required in this population. Methods: A systematic search employing the PRISMA criteria was conducted in several major databases, with the data being extracted from publications for the period January 2021 to May 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022338514, June 15, 2022). Results: 80 studies were included in this analysis with a total cohort number of 15,059 participants. Overall, 85.29% (OR = 17.08, 95% CI = 15.84-18.42, I 2 = 98%) and 41.06% (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.48-0.5, I 2 = 95%) of DPs and KTRs included in this review showed positive seroconversion after two doses of either mRNA vaccine, respectively. A total 76% (OR = 6.53, 95% CI = 5.63-7.5, I 2 = 96%) of the cohort given a third dose of an mRNA vaccine demonstrated positive seroconversion, with 61.86% (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.95-2.75 I 2 = 95%) of the cohort that was assessed for a cellular response displaying a positive response. Conclusions: This data emphasises a reduced incidence of a positive immune response in DPs and KTRs compared to healthy controls, albeit a better response in DPs than when compared to KTRs alone was observed. A third dose appears to increase the occurrence of an immune response in the overall DP/KTR cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya A. Malik
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Kavindiya Modarage
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Paraskevi Goggolidou
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK,
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14
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Becker M, Cossmann A, Lürken K, Junker D, Gruber J, Juengling J, Ramos GM, Beigel A, Wrenger E, Lonnemann G, Stankov MV, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Kaiser PD, Traenkle B, Rothbauer U, Krause G, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Strengert M, Dulovic A, Behrens GMN. Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses after triple BNT162b2 and fourth full-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination in haemodialysis patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004045. [PMID: 36275672 PMCID: PMC9582343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemodialysis patients respond poorly to vaccination and continue to be at-risk for severe COVID-19. Therefore, dialysis patients were among the first for which a fourth COVID-19 vaccination was recommended. However, targeted information on how to best maintain immune protection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in at-risk groups for severe COVID-19 remains limited. We provide, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time longitudinal vaccination response data in dialysis patients and controls after a triple BNT162b2 vaccination and in the latter after a subsequent fourth full-dose of mRNA-1273. We analysed systemic and mucosal humoral IgG responses against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and ACE2-binding inhibition towards variants of concern including Omicron and Delta with multiplex-based immunoassays. In addition, we assessed Spike S1-specific T-cell responses by interferon γ release assay. After triple BNT162b2 vaccination, anti-RBD B.1 IgG and ACE2 binding inhibition reached peak levels in dialysis patients, but remained inferior compared to controls. Whilst we detected B.1-specific ACE2 binding inhibition in 84% of dialysis patients after three BNT162b2 doses, binding inhibition towards the Omicron variant was only detectable in 38% of samples and declining to 16% before the fourth vaccination. By using mRNA-1273 as fourth dose, humoral immunity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested was strongly augmented with 80% of dialysis patients having Omicron-specific ACE2 binding inhibition. Modest declines in T-cell responses in dialysis patients and controls after the second vaccination were restored by the third BNT162b2 dose and significantly increased by the fourth vaccination. Our data support current advice for a four-dose COVID-19 immunisation scheme for at-risk individuals such as haemodialysis patients. We conclude that administration of a fourth full-dose of mRNA-1273 as part of a mixed mRNA vaccination scheme to boost immunity and to prevent severe COVID-19 could also be beneficial in other immune impaired individuals. Additionally, strategic application of such mixed vaccine regimens may be an immediate response against SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased immune evasion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Anne Cossmann
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karsten Lürken
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jens Gruber
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Juengling
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Gema Morillas Ramos
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Beigel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Eike Wrenger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lonnemann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Dialysis Centre Eickenhof, Langenhagen, Germany
| | - Metodi V. Stankov
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Department Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Monika Strengert
- Department Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- TWINCORE GmbH, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture of the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- CiiM - Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Lu M, Chamblee M, Zhang Y, Ye C, Dravid P, Park JG, Mahesh KC, Trivedi S, Murthy S, Sharma H, Cassady C, Chaiwatpongsakorn S, Liang X, Yount JS, Boyaka PN, Peeples ME, Martinez-Sobrido L, Kapoor A, Li J. SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike protein stabilized by six rather than two prolines is more potent for inducing antibodies that neutralize viral variants of concern. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110105119. [PMID: 35994646 PMCID: PMC9436349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the main target for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The S protein trimer is anchored in the virion membrane in its prefusion (preS) but metastable form. The preS protein has been stabilized by introducing two or six proline substitutions, to generate stabilized, soluble 2P or HexaPro (6P) preS proteins. Currently, it is not known which form is the most immunogenic. Here, we generated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing preS-2P, preS-HexaPro, and native full-length S, and compared their immunogenicity in mice and hamsters. The rVSV-preS-HexaPro produced and secreted significantly more preS protein compared to rVSV-preS-2P. Importantly, rVSV-preS-HexaPro triggered significantly more preS-specific serum IgG antibody than rVSV-preS-2P in both mice and hamsters. Antibodies induced by preS-HexaPro neutralized the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.427, and B.1.617.2 variants approximately two to four times better than those induced by preS-2P. Furthermore, preS-HexaPro induced a more robust Th1-biased cellular immune response than preS-2P. A single dose (104 pfu) immunization with rVSV-preS-HexaPro and rVSV-preS-2P provided complete protection against challenge with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and B.1.617.2 variant, whereas rVSV-S only conferred partial protection. When the immunization dose was lowered to 103 pfu, rVSV-preS-HexaPro induced two- to sixfold higher antibody responses than rVSV-preS-2P in hamsters. In addition, rVSV-preS-HexaPro conferred 70% protection against lung infection whereas only 30% protection was observed in the rVSV-preS-2P. Collectively, our data demonstrate that both preS-2P and preS-HexaPro are highly efficacious but preS-HexaPro is more immunogenic and protective, highlighting the advantages of using preS-HexaPro in the next generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijia Lu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Michelle Chamblee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Yuexiu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227
| | - Piyush Dravid
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227
| | - KC Mahesh
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Sheetal Trivedi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Satyapramod Murthy
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Cole Cassady
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Supranee Chaiwatpongsakorn
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
| | - Xueya Liang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Prosper N. Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Mark E. Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | | | - Amit Kapoor
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
- Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
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16
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Di Giacomo AM, Giacobini G, Anichini G, Gandolfo C, D'alonzo V, Calabrò L, Lofiego MF, Cusi MG, Maio M. SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients on active therapy after the booster dose of mRNA vaccines. Eur J Cancer 2022; 171:143-149. [PMID: 35717822 PMCID: PMC9130712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection by the third booster dose of mRNA vaccines in cancer patients with solid malignancies is presently unknown. We prospectively investigated the occurrence of COVID-19 in cancer patients on active therapy after the booster vaccine dose. METHODS Cancer patients on treatment at the Center for Immuno-Oncology (CIO) of the University Hospital of Siena, Italy, and health care workers at CIO who had received a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine entered a systematic follow-up monitoring period to prospectively assess their potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serological and microneutralization assay were utilized to assess levels of anti-spike IgG, and of neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type, Delta and Omicron variants, respectively, after the booster dose and after negativization of the nasopharyngeal swab for those who had developed COVID-19. RESULTS Ninety cancer patients with solid tumors on active treatment (Cohort 1) and 30 health care workers (Cohort 2) underwent a booster third dose of mRNA vaccine. After the booster dose, the median value of anti-spike IgG was higher (p = 0.009) in patients than in healthy subjects. Remarkably, 11/90 (12%) patients and 11/30 (37%) healthy subjects tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 infection during the monitoring period. Similar levels of anti-spike IgG and of neutralizing antibodies against all the investigated variants, with geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron being the lowest were detected after the booster dose and after COVID-19 in both Cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection we observed in a sizable proportion of booster-dosed cancer patients and in healthy subjects during the Omicron outbreak indicates that highly specific vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Di Giacomo
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Italian Network for Tumor Bio-Immunotherapy Foundation Onlus, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giacobini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Anichini
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D'alonzo
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luana Calabrò
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria F Lofiego
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria G Cusi
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Italian Network for Tumor Bio-Immunotherapy Foundation Onlus, Italy.
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17
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Cantarelli C, Angeletti A, Perin L, Russo LS, Sabiu G, Podestà MA, Cravedi P. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in dialysis and kidney transplantation. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1816-1828. [PMID: 36147709 PMCID: PMC9384565 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progressive improvements in the management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are still at high risk of infection-related complications. Although the risk of infection in these patients is comparable to that of the general population, their lower rate of response to vaccination is a matter of concern. When prevention strategies fail, infection is often severe. Comorbidities affecting patients on maintenance dialysis and kidney transplant recipients clearly account for the increased risk of severe COVID-19, while the role of uremia and chronic immunosuppression is less clear. Immune monitoring studies have identified differences in the innate and adaptive immune response against the virus that could contribute to the increased disease severity. In particular, individuals on dialysis show signs of T cell exhaustion that may impair antiviral response. Similar to kidney transplant recipients, antibody production in these patients occurs, but with delayed kinetics compared with the general population, leaving them more exposed to viral expansion during the early phases of infection. Overall, unique features of the immune response during COVID-19 in individuals with ESKD may occur with severe comorbidities affecting these individuals in explaining their poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cantarelli
- UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Saban Research Institute, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; , Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; , Los Angeles, CA
| | - Luis Sanchez Russo
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY
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18
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Abe KT, Rathod B, Colwill K, Gingras AC, Tuite A, Robbins NF, Orjuela G, Jenkins C, Conrod V, Yi QL, O’Brien SF, Drews SJ. A Qualitative Comparison of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant Assay against Commonly Used Canadian SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme Immunoassays in Blood Donor Retention Specimens, April 2020 to March 2021. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0113422. [PMID: 35652636 PMCID: PMC9241784 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01134-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our group has previously used laboratory and commercially developed assays to understand the IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and receptor binding domain (RBD), in Canadian blood donors. In this current study, we analyzed 17,428 available and previously characterized retention samples collected from April 2020 to March 2021. The analysis compared the characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (Abbott anti-spike [S], Abbott, Chicago, IL) against four other IgG assays. The Abbott anti-S assay has a qualitative threshold of 50 AU/mL. The four comparator assays were the Abbott anti-nucleocapsid (N) assay and three commonly used Canadian in-house IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) recognizing distinct recombinant viral antigens, full-length spike glycoprotein, glycoprotein RBD, and nucleocapsid. The strongest qualitative relationship was between Sinai RBD and the Abbott anti-S assay (kappa, 0.707; standard error [SE] of kappa, 0.018; 95% confidence interval, 0.671 to 0.743). We then scored each previously characterized specimen as positive when two anti-SARS-COV-2 assays identified anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the specimen. Using this composite reference standard approach, the sensitivity of the Abbott anti-S assay was 95.96% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.27 to 97.63%). The specificity of the Abbott anti-S assay was 99.35% (95% CI, 99.21 to 99.46%). Our study provides context on the use of commonly used SARS-CoV-2 serologies in Canada and identifies how these assays qualitatively compare to newer commercial assays. Our next steps are to assess how well the Abbott anti-S assays quantitatively detect wild-type and SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. IMPORTANCE We describe the qualitative test characteristics of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay against four other anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays commonly used in Canada. Although there is no gold standard for identifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, aggregate standards can be used to assess seropositivity. In this study, we used a specimen bank of previously well-characterized specimens collected between April 2020 and March 2021. The Abbott anti-S assay showed the strongest qualitative relationship with a widely used laboratory-developed IgG assay for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Using the composite reference standard approach, we also showed that the Abbott anti-S assay was highly sensitive and specific. As new anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are developed, it is important to compare their test characteristics against other assays that have been extensively used in prior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento T. Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Treadwell Therapeutics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mt. Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Tuite
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Craig Jenkins
- COVID-19 Serological Screening Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Conrod
- COVID-19 Serological Screening Laboratory, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi-Long Yi
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila F. O’Brien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Microbiology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Jatoi HN, Abbas S, Abbasi MS, Tauni MA, Ghazanfar S, Zafar Malick MD, Umar MF, Tahir MJ, Asghar MS, Ahmed A. BNT162b2 vaccine considerations for immunocompromised individuals: A global perspective. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103796. [PMID: 35603097 PMCID: PMC9110302 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, individuals with comorbidities and immunosuppression require particular attention and should be prioritized for vaccination. However, the majority of vaccine clinical trials excluded people with comorbidities, resulting in a lack of data regarding vaccine efficacy in this demographic. Along with more inclusivity in clinical trials, reaching a definitive conclusion regarding vaccine efficacy in these patients is also crucial. In our review, we highlight the BNT162b2 vaccine safety and efficacy based on the limited number of clinical trials which included this demographic. We also provide vaccine considerations for individuals with cancer, autoimmune diseases, HIV, obesity, diabetes, organ transplant recipients and those undergoing maintenance haemodialysis to help them govern their decision regarding vaccine administration. In conclusion, further studies are required to alleviate any insecurities in patients with comorbidities regarding vaccination and it is recommended that patients are monitored post-vaccination to make sure sufficient immunity is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Verleye A, Wijtvliet V, Abrams S, Hellemans R, Bougrea R, Massart A, Pipeleers L, Wissing KM, Ariën KK, De Winter BY, Van Damme P, Abramowicz D, Ledeganck KJ. Seroconversion rate after primary vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:1566-1575. [PMID: 35544087 PMCID: PMC9384070 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the general population, the seroconversion rate after primary vaccination with two doses of an anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine reaches nearly 100%, with significantly higher antibody titers after mRNA-1273 vaccination compared to BNT162b2 vaccination. Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the antibody response after two-dose mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library and original research papers were included for a meta-analysis to calculate vaccine-specific seroconversion rates for each of the mRNA vaccines. Next, the pooled relative seroconversion rate was estimated. Results Eight studies that described the development of antibodies against receptor-binding domain (RBD) and/or spike protein were eligible for meta-analysis. Two of these studies also reported antibody titers. The meta-analysis revealed lower seroconversion rates in SOT recipients vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 {44.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.1–54.7]} as compared with patients vaccinated with two doses of mRNA-1273 [58.4% (95% CI 47.2–69.2)]. The relative seroconversion rate was 0.795 (95% CI 0.732–0.864). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that in SOT recipients, higher seroconversion rates were observed after vaccination with mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Verleye
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Veerle Wijtvliet
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Abrams
- Global Health Institute, Family Medicine and Population Health, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and statistical Bioinformatics, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rachel Hellemans
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rania Bougrea
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annick Massart
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lissa Pipeleers
- Department of Nephrology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karl Martin Wissing
- Department of Nephrology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Y De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Abramowicz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristien J Ledeganck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and member of the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Colwill K, Galipeau Y, Stuible M, Gervais C, Arnold C, Rathod B, Abe KT, Wang JH, Pasculescu A, Maltseva M, Rocheleau L, Pelchat M, Fazel‐Zarandi M, Iskilova M, Barrios‐Rodiles M, Bennett L, Yau K, Cholette F, Mesa C, Li AX, Paterson A, Hladunewich MA, Goodwin PJ, Wrana JL, Drews SJ, Mubareka S, McGeer AJ, Kim J, Langlois M, Gingras A, Durocher Y. A scalable serology solution for profiling humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1380. [PMID: 35356067 PMCID: PMC8942165 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antibody testing against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been instrumental in detecting previous exposures and analyzing vaccine-elicited immune responses. Here, we describe a scalable solution to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, discriminate between natural infection- and vaccination-induced responses, and assess antibody-mediated inhibition of the spike-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction. Methods We developed methods and reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The main assays focus on the parallel detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs against the spike trimer, its receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). We automated a surrogate neutralisation (sn)ELISA that measures inhibition of ACE2-spike or -RBD interactions by antibodies. The assays were calibrated to a World Health Organization reference standard. Results Our single-point IgG-based ELISAs accurately distinguished non-infected and infected individuals. For seroprevalence assessment (in a non-vaccinated cohort), classifying a sample as positive if antibodies were detected for ≥ 2 of the 3 antigens provided the highest specificity. In vaccinated cohorts, increases in anti-spike and -RBD (but not -N) antibodies are observed. We present detailed protocols for serum/plasma or dried blood spots analysis performed manually and on automated platforms. The snELISA can be performed automatically at single points, increasing its scalability. Conclusions Measuring antibodies to three viral antigens and identify neutralising antibodies capable of disrupting spike-ACE2 interactions in high-throughput enables large-scale analyses of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The reagents are available to enable scaling up of standardised serological assays, permitting inter-laboratory data comparison and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaMontréalQCCanada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaMontréalQCCanada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Present address:
Treadwell TherapeuticsTorontoONCanada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Jenny H Wang
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Mariam Maltseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Lynda Rocheleau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Mahya Fazel‐Zarandi
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Miriam Barrios‐Rodiles
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Linda Bennett
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Kevin Yau
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - François Cholette
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Christine Mesa
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Angel X Li
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Aimee Paterson
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of MedicineSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Donation Policy and StudiesCanadian Blood ServicesEdmontonABCanada
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied MicrobiologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Division of MicrobiologyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular DiagnosticsSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
- Biological SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Division of Infectious DiseasesSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Allison J McGeer
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - John Kim
- National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Marc‐André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
- The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Anne‐Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai HospitalSinai HealthTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research CentreNational Research Council CanadaMontréalQCCanada
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22
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Torres-Estrella CU, Reyes-Montes MDR, Duarte-Escalante E, Sierra Martínez M, Frías-De-León MG, Acosta-Altamirano G. Vaccines Against COVID-19: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:414. [PMID: 35335046 PMCID: PMC8953736 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, various joint efforts have been made to support the creation of vaccines. Different projects have been under development, of which some are in the clinical evaluation stage and others in are in phase III with positive results. The aim of this paper was to describe the current situation of the development and production of vaccines available to the population to facilitate future research and continue developing and proposing ideas for the benefit of the population. So, we carried out a systematic review using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and MEDLINE, including keywords such as "vaccines," "COVID-19," and "SARS-CoV-2". We reviewed the development and production of the anti-COVID vaccine and its different platforms, the background leading to the massive development of these substances, and the most basic immune aspects for a better understanding of their physiological activity and the immune response in those who receive the vaccine. We also analyzed immunization effects in populations with any medical or physiological conditions (such as immunosuppression, people with comorbidities, and pregnancy), as well as the response to immunization with heterologous vaccines and the hybrid immunity (the combination of natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 with immunity generated by the vaccine). Likewise, we address the current situation in Mexico and its role in managing the vaccination process against SARS-CoV-2 at the national and international levels. There are still many clinical and molecular aspects to be described, such as the duration of active immunity and the development of immunological memory, to mention some of the most important ones. However, due to the short time since the global vaccination roll-out and that it has been progressive (not counting children and people with medical conditions), it is premature to say whether a second vaccination schedule will be necessary for the near future. Thus, it is essential to continue with health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos U. Torres-Estrella
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Mexico; (C.U.T.-E.); (M.S.M.); (M.G.F.-D.-L.)
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México PC 07340, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México PC 04510, Mexico; (M.d.R.R.-M.); (E.D.-E.)
| | - Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México PC 04510, Mexico; (M.d.R.R.-M.); (E.D.-E.)
| | - Mónica Sierra Martínez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Mexico; (C.U.T.-E.); (M.S.M.); (M.G.F.-D.-L.)
| | - María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Mexico; (C.U.T.-E.); (M.S.M.); (M.G.F.-D.-L.)
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ciudad de México PC 56530, Mexico; (C.U.T.-E.); (M.S.M.); (M.G.F.-D.-L.)
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Ciudad de México PC 11340, Mexico
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