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Arefhosseini S, Aghajani T, Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Association of systemic inflammatory indices with anthropometric measures, metabolic factors, and liver function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12829. [PMID: 38834647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic inflammatory indices (SIIs) and anthropometric measures, metabolic, and liver function biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was carried out on 238 NAFLD patients with overweight or obesity, aged 18-55 years. Anthropometric measurements were done and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were estimated. Metabolic factors including serum glucose, lipid profile, liver function biomarkers, and complete blood cell count were assessed after a 24-h fasting state. SIIs including the ratios of neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), monocytes to lymphocyte (MLR), platelet to lymphocyte (PLR), and monocytes to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MHR) were calculated. Results indicate that apart from PLR, all of the SIIs significantly changed by increasing steatosis severity (all p < 0.05). Moreover, changes in NLR showed a significant association with anthropometric indices including waist circumference (p = 0.032), BMI (p = 0.047), and WHtR (p = 0.002), as well as levels of fasting blood sugar (p = 0.045), triglycerides, (p = 0.025) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.006). The findings also indicate the relations between lipid profile and all studied SIIs, notably MHR and MLR. All of the SIIs exhibited associations with some liver function indices as well. MHR was positively correlated with the metabolic risk factors of NAFLD while, oppositely, PLR was considered as a preventive marker of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taha Aghajani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Fazmiya MJA, Sultana A, Heyat MBB, Parveen S, Rahman K, Akhtar F, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Ahmed Z, Díez IDLT, Ballester JB, Saripalli TSK. Efficacy of a vaginal suppository formulation prepared with Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. gum and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. in heavy menstrual bleeding analyzed using a machine learning technique. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331622. [PMID: 38410133 PMCID: PMC10894987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy of the Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. vaginal suppository in addressing heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and their impact on participants' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) analyzed using machine learning algorithms. Method: A total of 62 participants were enrolled in a double-dummy, single-center study. They were randomly assigned to either the suppository group (SG), receiving a formulation prepared with Acacia arabica gum (Gond Babul) and camphor from Cinnamomum camphora (Kafoor) through two vaginal suppositories (each weighing 3,500 mg) for 7 days at bedtime along with oral placebo capsules, or the tranexamic group (TG), receiving oral tranexamic acid (500 mg) twice a day for 5 days and two placebo vaginal suppositories during menstruation at bedtime for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The primary outcome was the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBLAC) for HMB, and secondary outcomes included hemoglobin level and SF-36 HRQoL questionnaire scores. Additionally, machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), AdaBoost (AB), naive Bayes (NB), and random forest (RF) classifiers were employed for analysis. Results: In the SG and TG, the mean PBLAC score decreased from 635.322 ± 504.23 to 67.70 ± 22.37 and 512.93 ± 283.57 to 97.96 ± 39.25, respectively, at post-intervention (TF3), demonstrating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). A higher percentage of participants in the SG achieved normal menstrual blood loss compared to the TG (93.5% vs 74.2%). The SG showed a considerable improvement in total SF-36 scores (73.56%) compared to the TG (65.65%), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Additionally, no serious adverse events were reported in either group. Notably, machine learning algorithms, particularly AB and KNN, demonstrated the highest accuracy within cross-validation models for both primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The A. arabica and C. camphora vaginal suppository is effective, cost-effective, and safe in controlling HMB. This botanical vaginal suppository provides a novel and innovative alternative to traditional interventions, demonstrating promise as an effective management approach for HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Joonus Aynul Fazmiya
- Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arshiya Sultana
- Department of Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Bengaluru, India
| | - Md Belal Bin Heyat
- CenBRAIN Neurotech Center of Excellence, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Saba Parveen
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Khaleequr Rahman
- Department of Ilmul Saidla, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Bengaluru, India
| | - Faijan Akhtar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Julién Brito Ballester
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, United States
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
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Bianchi G, Frusciante E, Colombo G, Infusino I, Aloisio E, Panteghini M. Validation of metrological traceability of the new generation of Abbott Alinity alkaline phosphatase assay. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:280-287. [PMID: 37614121 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, Abbott Diagnostics marketed a new generation of Alinity enzyme assays, introducing a multiparametric calibrator [Consolidated Chemistry Calibrator (ConCC)] in place of or in addition to factor-based calibrations. For alkaline phosphatase (ALP), both calibration options are offered, i.e., with ConCC (ALP2) and with an experimental calibration factor (ALP2F). Both options are declared traceable to the 2011 IFCC reference measurement procedure (RMP). Before to replace the old generation (ALP1) with the new one, we decided to validate the trueness of ALP2/ALP2F. METHODS Three approaches were employed: (a) preliminary comparison on 48 native frozen serum samples with ALP1, of which traceability to RMP was previously successfully verified; (b) examination of three banked serum pools (BSP) with values assigned by RMP; (c) direct comparison with RMP on a set of 24 fresh serum samples. Bias estimation and regression studies were performed, and the standard measurement uncertainty associated with ALP measurements on clinical samples (uresult) was estimated and compared with established analytical performance specifications (APS). ConCC commutability was also assessed. RESULTS A positive proportional bias was found with both ALP2 and ALP2F when compared to ALP1 and RMP. This positive bias was confirmed on BSP: in average, +13.1 % for ALP2 and +10.0 % for ALP2F, respectively. uresult were 13.28 % for ALP2 and 10.04 % for ALP2F, both not fulfilling the minimum APS of 4.0 %. Furthermore, ConCC was not commutable with clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results unearth problems in the correct implementation of traceability of Alinity ALP2/ALP2F, with the risk for the new assay to be unfit for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bianchi
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Frusciante
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Colombo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilenia Infusino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Aloisio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Karlafti E, Dontas I, Lambrinoudaki I, Vlamis I, Lampropoulou-Adamidou K, Makris K, Trifonidi I, Galanos A, Trovas G, Chronopoulos E, Tournis S. Site specific differences in vBMD and geometry in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine 2024; 83:205-213. [PMID: 37597095 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with catabolic effects at both trabecular and cortical bone. Mechanical loading is one of the most important natural anabolic stimuli for bone at all ages. The present study was designed to assess the impact of PHPT on vBMD and bone geometry using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the radius and tibia, sites with similar structural characteristics, but subject to different loading conditions. METHODS We evaluated the impact of PHPT on bone, by comparing the z-scores of volumetric Bone Mineral Density (vBMD) and indices of bone geometry simultaneously at the tibia and the radius by pQCT, skeletal sites with similar structure, but subject to different loading conditions. Forty-one postmenopausal women with PHPT and 79 controls, comprised the study group. RESULTS At both trabecular and cortical sites, vBMD and bone geometry indices were significantly lower in patients compared with controls. In patients with PHPT, apart from a lower z-score for total vBMD (p = 0.01) at the radius, there was no other difference between the radius and the tibia at the trabecular sites. On the contrary, at cortical sites, the z-scores of cortical bone mineral content (p = 0.02), cortical vBMD (p = 0.01) and cortical cross-sectional area (p = 0.05) were significantly lower at the radius compared with the tibia, indicating that cortical bone at the weight bearing tibia might be less affected by the catabolic actions of continuous parathyroid hormone (PTH) exposure. PTH levels were positively associated with the difference in z-scores of cort BMD (r = 0.439, p < 0.01) indicating that in more severe cases, as expressed by higher PTH levels, the deleterious effects at the non-weight bearing radius might be accentuated. CONCLUSION We found that in postmenopausal women with PHPT, both trabecular and cortical bone are adversely affected. However, at the weight bearing tibia as compared with the radius, the deleterious effects, especially on cortical bone, seem to be attenuated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05426512, 21/06/2022, "retrospectively registered".
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karlafti
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - I Dontas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - I Lambrinoudaki
- Menopause Unit, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Vlamis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - K Lampropoulou-Adamidou
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - K Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - I Trifonidi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - A Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - G Trovas
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - E Chronopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - S Tournis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece.
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Khaled SS, Soliman HA, Abdel-Gabbar M, Ahmed NA, El-Nahass ES, Ahmed OM. Naringin and naringenin counteract taxol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats via suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90892-90905. [PMID: 37466839 PMCID: PMC10439847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the preventing effects of naringin, naringenin, and their combination on liver injury induced by Taxol (paclitaxel) in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received 2 mg/kg Taxol intraperitoneal injections twice weekly on the second and fifth days of each week for 6 weeks. During the same period as Taxol administration, rats were given naringin, naringenin, or a combination of the two (10 mg/kg b.wt) every other day. Treatment with naringin and/or naringenin reduced the abnormally high serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in Taxol-treated rats. It also significantly increased the level of serum albumin, indicating an improvement in the liver. The perturbed histological liver changes were markedly improved due to the naringin and/or naringenin treatment in Taxol-administered rats. Additionally, the treatments reduced high hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased liver glutathione content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, the treatments reduced the levels of alpha-fetoprotein and caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic mediator. The naringin and naringenin mixture appeared more effective in improving organ function and structural integrity. In conclusion, naringin and naringenin are suggested to employ their hepatoprotective benefits via boosting the body's antioxidant defense system, reducing inflammation, and suppressing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa S. Khaled
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Kahrovic A, Poschner T, Schober A, Angleitner P, Alajbegovic L, Andreas M, Hutschala D, Brands R, Laufer G, Wiedemann D. Increased Drop in Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase in Plasma from Patients with Endocarditis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11728. [PMID: 37511497 PMCID: PMC10380209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Infective endocarditis is a severe inflammatory disease associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels have been shown to change significantly during sepsis. Additionally, we previously found that a higher initial AP drop after cardiac surgery is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, the course of AP after surgery for endocarditis is of special interest. (2) A total of 314 patients with active isolated left-sided infective endocarditis at the Department of Cardiac Surgery (Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria) between 2009 and 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Blood samples were analyzed at different time points (baseline, postoperative days 1-7, postoperative days 14 and 30). Patients were categorized according to relative alkaline phosphatase drop (≥30% vs. <30%). (3) A higher rate of postoperative renal replacement therapy with or without prior renal replacement therapy (7.4 vs. 21.8%; p = 0.001 and 6.7 vs. 15.6%; p = 0.015, respectively) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2.2 vs. 19.0%; p = 0.000) was observed after a higher initial alkaline phosphatase drop. Short-term (30-day mortality 3.0 vs. 10.6%; p = 0.010) and long-term mortality (p = 0.008) were significantly impaired after a higher initial alkaline phosphatase drop. (4) The higher initial alkaline phosphatase drop was accompanied by impaired short- and long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery for endocarditis. Future risk assessment scores for cardiac surgery should consider alkaline phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Kahrovic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Poschner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schober
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Angleitner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leila Alajbegovic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Andreas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Hutschala
- Division of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruud Brands
- Alloksys Life Sciences BV, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands
- IRAS Institute, University of Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Günther Laufer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Wiedemann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Tutunchi H, Arefhosseini S, Nomi-Golzar S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Effects of Hydroxycitric Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Obesity Indices, Appetite, Leptin, and Adiponectin of Women with NAFLD on a Calorie-Restricted Diet. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:6492478. [PMID: 37476001 PMCID: PMC10356186 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6492478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This trial assessed the effects of a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) with hydroxycitric acid (HCA) supplementation on appetite-regulating hormones, obesity indices, body composition, and appetite in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods This study was carried out on 44 overweight/obese women with NAFLD. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups, namely, "Intervention group" (receiving individual CRD plus HCA tablets per day) and "Control group" (receiving only CRD) for eight weeks. Obesity indices, body composition, appetite status, and serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were assessed before and after the intervention. Results Forty patients completed the trial. At the end of the trial, although significant reductions were found in most of the studied obesity indices in the intervention group, there was only a significant decrease in waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in the control group. Fat mass and muscle mass significantly decreased in the intervention group (p=0.044 and p=0.024, respectively), and the reduction in visceral fat in the intervention group was significantly greater than that in the control group (-0.49 kg vs -0.37 kg, p=0.024). Intra- and intergroup differences in serum leptin and adiponectin levels and their ratios before and after the trial were not significant. We found a negative and marginally significant correlation between percent of changes in serum adiponectin level and percent of changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r = -0.429, p=0.067) and BMI (r = -0.440, p=0.059) as well as an inverse relationship between percent of changes in leptin/adiponectin with VAT (r = -0.724, p < 0.001) in the intervention group. Conclusion HCA plus weight loss diet could significantly reduce visceral adipose tissue without any significant changes in serum leptin and adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Nomi-Golzar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Cano-Corres R, Sole-Enrech G, Aparicio-Calvente MI. Definition of icteric interference index for six biochemical analytes. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2023; 33:020702. [PMID: 37324113 PMCID: PMC10231764 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2023.020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Icterus, if not detected, can affect the validity of results delivered by clinical laboratories, leading to erroneous results. This study aims to define bilirubin interference for some biochemical analytes and compare it with the manufacturer's data. Material and methods Serum pools prepared with outpatients' samples were spiked with increasing bilirubin concentration (Merck, reference14370, Darmstadt, Germany) up to 513 µmol/L in order to evaluate the bias for the following biochemical analytes: creatinine (CREA), creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol (CHOL), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and total protein (TP). For each analyte, six pools of different concentrations were prepared. Measurements were made employing Cobas 8000 analyser c702-502, Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany). This study employed a study procedure defined by the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine. Results Obtained bilirubin concentrations producing a negative interference were 103 µmol/L for CHOL, 205 µmol/L for TP and 410 µmol/L for CK, but only for CK values less than 100 U/L. Bilirubin concentrations lower than 513 µmol/L do not produce interference for HDL and GGT. Finally, for the studied bilirubin concentrations, there is no interference for CREA higher than 80 µmol/L. Conclusion Icterus interferences have been defined for each analyte, observing differences compared to data provided by the manufacturer. The evidence indicates that each laboratory should evaluate icteric interferences to ensure the high quality of the delivered results, thus benefiting patient care.
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Abdelmagid AD, Said AM, Abd El-Gawad EA, Shalaby SA, Dawood MAO. Glyphosate-induced liver and kidney dysfunction, oxidative stress, immunosuppression in Nile tilapia, but ginger showed a protection role. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:445-455. [PMID: 35773603 PMCID: PMC10209248 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The water-borne herbicides are involved in the toxicity of aquatic animals resulting in impaired health status and low productivity. Dietary medicinal herbs present a practical solution to relieve the impacts of herbicides toxicity on the performances of aquatic animals. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of commercial glyphosate-induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, liver and kidney dysfunction, and the protective role of ginger or ginger nanoparticles in Nile tilapia. Fish were allocated into four groups: the first group presented the control without glyphosate toxicity and ginger feeding, the second group intoxicated with glyphosate at 0.6 mg/L and fed ginger free diet, the third group intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger at 2.5 g/kg, and the fourth group intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles at 2.5 g/kg. Fish were kept under the experimental conditions for four weeks, and the samples of blood and tissues were collected after 2 and 4 weeks. Markedly, fish exposed to glyphosate showed the highest ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and malondialdehyde levels (MDA) in gills and tissues. While fish in the control and fish intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles had the lowest ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and MDA levels after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Fish fed dietary ginger had lower ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and MDA levels than the glyphosate intoxicated group after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Interestingly, fish-fed ginger nanoparticles showed lower urea and creatinine levels and higher total protein, albumin, and globulin than the glyphosate intoxicated group (P < 0.05) and similar to the control (P > 0.05). Further, fish intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles had the highest GSH, lysozyme activity, and immunoglobulin levels after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ginger nanoparticles are superior to the standard ginger form in enhancing the antioxidative and immune responses of Nile tilapia exposed to glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf D Abdelmagid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abd El-Gawad
- Aquatic Animal Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Sara A Shalaby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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Ali YA, Soliman HA, Abdel-Gabbar M, Ahmed NA, Attia KAA, Shalaby FM, El-Nahass ES, Ahmed OM. Rutin and Hesperidin Revoke the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Paclitaxel in Male Wistar Rats via Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2738351. [PMID: 37275575 PMCID: PMC10238143 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2738351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel, one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs, is used to treat various cancers but it is exceedingly toxic when used long-term and can harm the liver. This study aimed to see if rutin, hesperidin, and their combination could protect male Wistar rats against paclitaxel (Taxol)-induced hepatotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats were subdivided into 5 groups (each of six rats). The normal group was orally given the equivalent volume of vehicles for 6 weeks. The paclitaxel-administered control group received intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel at a dose of 2 mg/Kg body weight twice a week for 6 weeks. Treated paclitaxel-administered groups were given paclitaxel similar to the paclitaxel-administered control group together with oral supplementation of rutin, hesperidin, and their combination at a dose of 10 mg/Kg body weight every other day for 6 weeks. The treatment of paclitaxel-administered rats with rutin and hesperidin significantly reduced paclitaxel-induced increases in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities as well as total bilirubin level and liver lipid peroxidation. However, the levels of serum albumin, liver glutathione content, and the activities of liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased. Furthermore, paclitaxel-induced harmful hepatic histological changes (central vein and portal area blood vessel congestion, fatty changes, and moderate necrotic changes with focal nuclear pyknosis, focal mononuclear infiltration, and Kupffer cell proliferation) were remarkably enhanced by rutin and hesperidin treatments. Moreover, the elevated hepatic proapoptotic mediator (caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α) expressions were decreased by the three treatments in paclitaxel-administered rats. The cotreatment with rutin and hesperidin was the most effective in restoring the majority of liver function and histological integrity. Therefore, rutin, hesperidin, and their combination may exert hepatic protective effects in paclitaxel-administered rats by improving antioxidant defenses and inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine A. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kandil A. A. Attia
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Evaluation of Natural Resources, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City University, El-Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Shalaby
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Strauch JM, Vogel M, Meigen C, Ceglarek U, Kratzsch J, Willenberg A, Kiess W. Pediatric reference values of alkaline phosphatase: Analysis from a German population-based cohort and influence of anthropometric and blood parameters. Bone 2023:116809. [PMID: 37245614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to different growth and metabolic processes, reference values of alkaline phosphatase (AP) for children aged 3 month to 18 years are dependent on age and sex. They are not constant and differ from those of adults due to the growth processes taking place. Accordingly, reference levels of AP continuous across these ages were generated for boys and girls based on of a large German health- and population-based study, LIFE Child. We considered AP at different growth and Tanner stages and additionally its association with other anthropometric parameters. The association between AP and BMI was of particulary great interest due to controversial literature on this topic. The role of AP in liver metabolism was investigated by examining ALAT, ASAT, and GGT. METHODS 3976 healthy children (12,093 visits) were included from the LIFE Child study from 2011 to 2020. The subjects´ age ranged from 3 months to 18 years. Serum samples from 3704 subjects (10,272 cases, 1952 boys and 1753 girls) were analysed for AP after applying specific exclusion criteria. After calculating of reference percentiles, associations between AP and height-SDS, growth velocity, BMI-SDS, Tanner stage and the liver enzymes ALAT, ASAT and GGT were examined via linear regression models. RESULTS In the continuous reference levels, AP showed a first peak during the first year of life, followed by a plateau at a lower level until the start of puberty. In girls, AP increased beginning at the age 8, with a peak around 11 years, in boys beginning at the age 9, with a peak around age 13. Afterwards, AP values decreased continuously until age 18. In Tanner stages 1 and 2, AP levels did not differ between the two sexes. We found a strong positive association between AP-SDS and BMI-SDS. We also observed a significantly positive association between AP-SDS and height-SDS, which was stronger in boys than in girls. We found different intensities in the associations of AP with growth velocity depending on age group and sex. Furthermore, we found a significantly positive association between ALAT and AP in girls but not in boys, whereas ASAT-SDS and GGT-SDS were significantly positively associated with AP-SDS in both sexes. CONCLUSION Sex and age, but also BMI may act as confounding factors for AP reference ranges. Our data confirm the remarkable association between AP and growth velocity (or height-SDS, respectively) during infancy and puberty. In addition, we were able to specify the associations between AP and ALAT, ASAT, and GGT and their differences in both sexes. These relations should be considered when evaluating liver and bone metabolism markers, especially in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline-Michéle Strauch
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Augustusplatz 10, 04109 Leipzig
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof Meigen
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory, Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory, Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Willenberg
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Laboratory, Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ILM), University of Leipzig, Paul-List-Str. 13-15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases - LIFE, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Augustusplatz 10, 04109 Leipzig; Center of Pediatric Research (CPL), University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Arefhosseini S, Roshanravan N, Asghari S, Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Expression of inflammatory genes, WBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and liver function indices: Effects of myo-inositol supplementation in obese patients with NAFLD. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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13
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Tutunchi H, Arefhosseini S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Clinical effectiveness of α-lipoic acid, myo-inositol and propolis supplementation on metabolic profiles and liver function in obese patients with NAFLD: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:412-420. [PMID: 36963888 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA), myo-inositol (MI) and propolis supplementation on metabolic parameters and liver function in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) METHODS: Ninety-two obese patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated into one of the four groups (ALA, MI, propolis, and control groups) for 8 weeks. At pre-and post-intervention, anthropometric measures, metabolic parameters and liver function were assessed. Clinical effectiveness was assessed using Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and Number Needed to Treat (NNT). RESULTS After 8 weeks, apart from waist-to-hip ratio, all studied anthropometric measures decreased significantly in each of the groups over the trial. Although the greatest improvements in glycemic indices were observed in MI group (p < 0.05), the differences among the groups were not significant. Control group showed the greatest reduction in serum triglyceride level (p = 0.026) while the greatest improvements in serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were observed in MI group (p = 0.043, p = 0.019 and p = 0.041, respectively). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels reduced significantly in all groups, particularly in propolis group (p = 0.012). The greatest reduction in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) level was observed in control group (p < 0.001), however, the difference among the groups was statistically marginal (p = 0.058). The estimated NNTs for one grade reduction in liver steatosis for MI, ALA and propolis supplementation compared with control group were 1.5, 2.2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION Dietary recommendation for weight loss accompanied by MI and then ALA supplementation improved metabolic parameters and liver steatosis. "Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no: IRCT20100209003320N22".
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Melkonian AV, Gilboa T, Walt DR. Disulfide Bonds Are Not Necessary for Intrinsic TNSALP Activity. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1744-1748. [PMID: 36795426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in single-molecule enzymology (SME) have allowed for the observation of subpopulations present in enzyme ensembles. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), a homodimeric monophosphate esterase central to bone metabolism, has become a model enzyme for SME studies. TNSALP contains two internal disulfide bonds that are critical for its effective dimerization; mutations in its disulfide bonding framework have been reported in patients with hypophosphatasia, a rare disease characterized by impaired bone and tooth mineralization. In this paper, we present the kinetics of these mutants and show that these disulfide bonds are not crucial for TNSALP enzymatic function. This surprising result reveals that the enzyme's active conformation does not rely on its disulfide bonds. We posit that the signs and symptoms seen in hypophosphatasia are likely not primarily due to impaired enzyme function, but rather decreased enzyme expression and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arek V Melkonian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tal Gilboa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David R Walt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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15
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Dedeene L, Stockman M, Steels S, Vermeersch P, Frans G. Detection of macroenzymes: establishing upper reference limits for eight enzymes after polyethylene glycol precipitation. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2023; 33:010705. [PMID: 36627975 PMCID: PMC9807236 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2023.010705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presence of macroenzymes in blood can cause diagnostic confusion. Therefore, confirming the presence of macroenzymes is important to reduce unnecessary (non-)invasive investigations. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation is a simple and fast first-line method for the detection of macroenzymes. However, there is no consensus on the upper reference limit for the PEG-precipitable activity (%PPA) of monomeric enzymes. The aim of this study was to verify a PEG precipitation protocol for the detection of macroenzymes in our laboratory by establishing upper reference limits (URLs) and determining imprecision for eight enzymes after PEG precipitation. In addition, we aimed to clinically verify the URLs using samples containing macroenzymes as identified by electrophoresis. Materials and methods Per enzyme, at least 40 leftover blood samples from adult patients with either normal or increased enzyme activities were diluted 1:1 with 25% PEG 6000 and 1:1 with 0.9% NaCl. Mixtures were incubated for 10 min at 37°C and centrifuged. Supernatant enzyme activity was measured on Cobas c702 and the %PPA was calculated. Results The following URLs were obtained: 26% PPA for amylase, 29% PPA for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 61% PPA for alanine aminotransferase, 48% PPA for aspartate aminotransferase, 24% PPA for creatine kinase (CK), 55% PPA for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 65% PPA for lactate dehydrogenase, and 56% PPA for lipase. The within-lab imprecision was < 15%. Regarding the clinical verification, the two historical samples with proven macroCK showed a %PPA of 69% and 43%, respectively, and a sample with proven macroALP had a %PPA of 52%. Conclusion In this study, URLs for monomeric enzyme activities after PEG precipitation for eight different enzymes were established. The URLs are suitable for clinical use, but are only partially in line with other studies. Therefore, our data highlight the importance of establishing laboratory-specific upper reference limits for %PPA to allow a correct interpretation.
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16
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Arefhosseini S, Roshanravan N, Tutunchi H, Rostami S, Khoshbaten M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Myo-inositol supplementation improves cardiometabolic factors, anthropometric measures, and liver function in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1092544. [PMID: 36824177 PMCID: PMC9941177 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Myo-inositol (MI)-a 6-C sugar alcohol-with insulin-mimetic, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties has exerted favorable effects on insulin resistance-related disorders and metabolic disease, while recent animal studies revealed its positive effects on liver function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MI supplementation on cardiometabolic factors, anthropometric measures, and liver function in obese patients with NAFLD. Methods This double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was carried out on 48 obese patients with NAFLD who were randomly assigned to either MI (4g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin 4g/day) along with dietary recommendations for 8 weeks. Glycemic indices, lipid profile, liver enzymes anthropometric measures, and blood pressure were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Dietary intakes were assessed using a 3-day 24 h recall and analyzed by Nutritionist IV software. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) was also estimated. Results Anthropometric measures decreased significantly in both groups, while the reduction in weight (p = 0.049) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006) in the MI group was significantly greater than in the placebo group after adjusting for baseline values and energy intake. Although energy and macronutrient intakes decreased significantly in both groups, between-group differences were not significant after adjusting for the potential confounders. MI supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum fasting insulin (p = 0.008) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.046). There were significant improvements in lipid profile, liver enzymes, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio as well as serum ferritin level in the MI group, compared to the placebo group at the endpoint. By MI supplementation for eight weeks, 1 in 3 patients reduced one- grade in the severity of NAFLD. Conclusion MI supplementation could significantly improve IR, lipid profile, and liver function in patients with NAFLD. Further clinical trials with larger sample sizes, longer duration, different MI doses, and other inositol derivatives are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manuchehr Khoshbaten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,*Correspondence: Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani ✉
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Makris K, Mousa C, Cavalier E. Alkaline Phosphatases: Biochemistry, Functions, and Measurement. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:233-242. [PMID: 36571614 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) are a group of isoenzymes, situated on the external layer of the cell membrane; they catalyze the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters present in the extracellular space. Zinc and magnesium are significant co-factors for the biological activity of these enzymes. Although ALPs are available in various body tissues and have distinct physiochemical properties, they are true isoenzymes since they catalyze a similar reaction. In the liver, ALP is cytosolic and present in the canalicular membrane of the hepatocytes. ALPs are available in placenta, ileal mucosa, kidney, bone, and liver. However, most of the ALPs in serum (over 80%) are delivered from liver and bone and in more modest quantities from the intestines. Despite the fact that alkaline phosphatases are found in numerous tissues all through the body, their exact physiological function remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory for the Research of Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chagigia Mousa
- 6th Orthopedic Department, KAT General Hospital, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liege, CHU de Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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18
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Total alkaline phosphatase levels by gestational age in a large sample of pregnant women. Placenta 2023; 132:32-37. [PMID: 36623417 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Total alkaline phosphatase (tALP) levels rise physiologically in maternal serum during pregnancy, and excessively so in certain conditions. However, current reference values are dated, nonlinear, and based on small samples. Factors related to variation in tALP remain unexplained. Thus, our goals in this study were to establish a physiological development curve for tALP within low-risk pregnancies and to evaluate the factors influencing tALP values. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. All patients who delivered a live singleton infant at our center from January 1, 2011 to May 31, 2019, and had a tALP assay during pregnancy, were included regardless of the gestational age at which the assay was conducted. RESULTS A total of 2415 pregnancies were included. Median tALP decreased during the first trimester, it increased slightly during the second trimester, and then increased sharply during the third trimester. Factors associated with a significant increase in tALP were chronic histiocytic intervillositis, cholestasis, multiple pregnancies, liver disease, preeclampsia, smoking, and low weight for gestational age. Conversely, gestational diabetes was associated with a discrete decrease in tALP. DISCUSSION Our large sample allowed establishment of tALP reference curves based on gestational age. To interpret these results more thoroughly, factors that influence tALP rates should be further scrutinized.
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Assar DH, Mokhbatly AAA, Ghazy EW, Elbialy ZI, Gaber AA, Hassan AA, Nabil A, Asa SA. Silver nanoparticles induced hepatoxicity via the apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathway with activation of TGFβ-1 and α-SMA triggered liver fibrosis in Sprague Dawley rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80448-80465. [PMID: 35716303 PMCID: PMC9596550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extraordinary use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicinal purposes and the food industry, there is rising worry about potential hazards to human health and the environment. The existing study aims to assess the hepatotoxic effects of different dosages of AgNPs by evaluating hematobiochemical parameters, oxidative stress, liver morphological alterations, immunohistochemical staining, and gene expression to clarify the mechanism of AgNPs' hepatic toxic potential. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control and three AgNPs intraperitoneally treated groups 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg b.w. daily for 15 and 30 days. AgNP exposure reduced body weight, caused haematological abnormalities, and enhanced hepatic oxidative and nitrosative stress with depletion of the hepatic GSH level. Serum hepatic injury biomarkers with pathological hepatic lesions where cholangiopathy emerges as the main hepatic alteration in a dosage- and duration-dependent manner were also elevated. Furthermore, immunohistochemical labelling of apoptotic markers demonstrated that Bcl-2 was significantly downregulated while caspase-3 was significantly upregulated. In conclusion, the hepatotoxic impact of AgNPs may be regulated by two mechanisms, implying the apoptotic/antiapoptotic pathway via raising BAX and inhibiting Bcl-2 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. The TGF-β1 and α-SMA pathway which triggered fibrosis with incorporation of iNOS which consequently activates the inflammatory process were also elevated. To our knowledge, there has been no prior report on the experimental administration of AgNPs in three different dosages for short and long durations in rats with the assessment of Bcl-2, BAX, iNOS, TGF-β1, and α-SMA gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Abd-Allah A. Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Emad W. Ghazy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Zizy I. Elbialy
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Gaber
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Ayman A. Hassan
- High Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Egypt Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansora Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Egypt Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Sherbin, El Mansora Egypt
| | - Samah Abou Asa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
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Glotov OS, Savostyanov KV, Nagornova TS, Chernov AN, Fedyakov MA, Raspopova AN, Krasnoukhov KN, Danilov LG, Moiseeva NV, Kalinin RS, Tsai VV, Eismont YA, Voinova VY, Vitebskaya AV, Gurkina EY, Kuzenkova LM, Sosnina IB, Pushkov AA, Zhanin IS, Zakharova EY. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Hypophosphatasia in the Russian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112976. [PMID: 36361766 PMCID: PMC9654387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited disease caused by mutations (pathogenic variants) in the ALPL gene which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). HPP is characterized by impaired bone mineral metabolism due to the low enzymatic activity of TNSALP. Knowledge about the structure of the gene and the features and functions of various ALPL gene variants, taking into account population specificity, gives an understanding of the hereditary nature of the disease, and contributes to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the disease. The purpose of the study was to describe the spectrum and analyze the functional features of the ALPL gene variants, considering various HPP subtypes and clinical symptoms in Russian children. (2) From 2014−2021, the study included the blood samples obtained from 1612 patients with reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. The patients underwent an examination with an assessment of their clinical symptoms and biochemical levels of TNSALP. DNA was isolated from dried blood spots (DBSs) or blood from the patients to search for mutations in the exons of the ALPL gene using Sanger sequencing. The PCR products were sequenced using a reagent BigDye Terminator 3.1 kit (Applied Biosystems). Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism 8.01 software. (3) The most common clinical symptoms in Russian patients with HPP and two of its variants (n = 22) were bone disorders (75%), hypomyotonia (50%), and respiratory failure (50%). The heterozygous carriage of the causal variants of the ALPL gene was detected in 225 patients. A total of 2 variants were found in 27 patients. In this group (n = 27), we identified 28 unique variants of the ALPL gene, of which 75.0% were missense, 17.9% were frameshift, 3.6% were splicing variants, and 3.6% were duplications. A total of 39.3% (11/28) of the variants were pathogenic, with two variants being probably pathogenic, and 15 variants had unknown clinical significance (VUS). Among the VUS group, 28.6% of the variants (7/28) were discovered by us for the first time. The most common variants were c.571G > A (p.Glu191Lys) and c.1171del (Arg391Valfs*12), with frequencies of 48.2% (13/28) and 11% (3/28), respectively. It was found that the frequency of nonsense variants of the ALPL gene was higher (p < 0.0001) in patients with the perinatal form compared to the infantile and childhood forms of HPP. Additionally, the number of homozygotes in patients with the perinatal form exceeded (p < 0.01) the frequencies of these genotypes in children with infantile and childhood forms of HPP. On the contrary, the frequencies of the compound-heterozygous and heterozygous genotypes were higher (p < 0.01) in patients with infantile childhood HPP than in perinatal HPP. In the perinatal form, residual TNSALP activity was lower (p < 0.0005) in comparison to the infantile and childhood (p < 0.05) forms of HPP. At the same time, patients with the heterozygous and compound-heterozygous genotypes (mainly missense variants) of the ALPL gene had greater residual activity (of the TNSALP protein) regarding those homozygous patients who were carriers of the nonsense variants (deletions and duplications) of the ALPL gene. Residual TNSALP activity was lower (p < 0.0001) in patients with pathogenic variants encoding the amino acids from the active site and the calcium and crown domains in comparison with the nonspecific region of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S. Glotov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.S.G.); (A.N.C.)
| | | | | | - Alexandr N. Chernov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Bioenergetics Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.S.G.); (A.N.C.)
| | - Mikhail A. Fedyakov
- CerbaLab Ltd., 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- City Hospital No. 40, St.-Petersburg, 9 Borisova Str., Sestrorezk, 197706 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Lavrentii G. Danilov
- CerbaLab Ltd., 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Roman S. Kalinin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Tsai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D. O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- CerbaLab Ltd., 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri A. Eismont
- Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- CerbaLab Ltd., 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Y. Voinova
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa V. Vitebskaya
- Department of Children’s Diseases of N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute for Children’s Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Y. Gurkina
- Children’s Rehabilitation Clinic Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila M. Kuzenkova
- National Medical Research Center of Children Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Children’s Diseases of N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute for Children’s Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Sosnina
- Saint-Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Consulting and Diagnostic Center for Children”, 192289 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ilya S. Zhanin
- National Medical Research Center of Children Health, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kito K, Nomoto H, Sakuma I, Nakamura A, Cho KY, Kameda H, Miya A, Omori K, Yanagiya S, Handa T, Taneda S, Takeuchi J, Nagai S, Yamashita K, Kurihara Y, Atsumi T, Miyoshi H. Effects of pemafibrate on lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia: A multi-center prospective observational study, the PARM-T2D study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 192:110091. [PMID: 36174777 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pemafibrate, a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulator, was shown to ameliorate lipid abnormalities in a phase III clinical trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in real-world clinical practice in patients with T2DM. METHODS We performed a multi-center prospective observational study of the use of pemafibrate in patients with T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia versus conventional therapy, with or without a fibrate. The primary outcomes were the changes from baseline in fasting serum triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations at week 52. RESULTS We recruited 650 patients, and data from 504 (252 per group) were analyzed after propensity score matching. In the pemafibrate group, both TG and HDL-C showed significant improvements (p < 0.001), and several indices reflecting TG-rich lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol particle size, and liver enzyme elevations were significantly ameliorated compared with the control group, but there was no difference in glycemic control markers. One of the key secondary endpoints showed that switching from conventional fibrates to pemafibrate improved eGFR but increased uric acid concentration. CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, pemafibrate has superior effects on lipid profile as well as liver and renal dysfunction to conventional fibrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kito
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Caress Sapporo Hokko Memorial Clinic, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aika Miya
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Yanagiya
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahisa Handa
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Jun Takeuchi
- Sapporo Diabetes and Thyroid Clinic, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - So Nagai
- NTT-East Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Aoki Clinic, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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22
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Eldin DN, Fahim HI, Ahmed HY, Abdelgawad MA, Abourehab MAS, Ahmed OM. Preventive Effects of Mandarin Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatonephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7065845. [PMID: 36092164 PMCID: PMC9463012 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7065845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (NAPAP), is a traditional antipyretic and analgesic that is used extensively around the world to treat colds and fevers. However, a NAPAP excess causes rapid, severe liver and kidney damage. The goal of the study was to examine the protective effects and determine the mechanisms of action of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin in NAPAP-induced hepatorenal damage in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received a 0.5 g/kg oral supplement of NAPAP every other day for a period of four weeks. During the same period of NAPAP supplementation, MPHE (50 mg/kg), quercetin (20 mg/kg), and hesperidin (20 mg/kg) were administered to rats receiving NAPAP. MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin treatments significantly improved liver function in NAPAP-supplemented rats. The high serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyl transferase as well as total bilirubin were significantly reduced, while the levels of suppressed serum albumin were significantly increased, demonstrating this improvement. Treatments utilizing these natural substances significantly enhanced kidney function as seen by a considerable decline in the increased blood levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Additionally, the injection of MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin resulted in a decrease in the quantity of lipid peroxides while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and kidneys. The treatments markedly abated the NAPAP-induced liver and kidney histological perturbations and reduced the NAPAP-induced serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and liver and kidney proapoptotic protein 53 and caspase 3 expressions. Otherwise, serum interleukin-4 level significantly increased by treatments. The MPHE, hesperidin, and quercetin treatments resulted in marked decrease in liver and kidney histopathological scores including inflammation, necrosis, apoptosis, and congestion. In conclusion, the MPHE, quercetin, and hesperidin may induce hepatonephropreventive impacts in NAPAP-supplemented rats via enhancing the antioxidant defense system, anti-inflammatory activity, and antiapoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Nor Eldin
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I. Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Y. Ahmed
- Rodents Division, Department of Harmful Animals, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Rutin and Quercetin Counter Doxorubicin-Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats via Their Modulatory Effects on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Nrf2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2710607. [PMID: 35936216 PMCID: PMC9348941 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2710607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presented study was performed to verify whether rutin and/or quercetin can inhibit liver injury induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in male Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were treated via the oral route with rutin and quercetin (50 mg/kg) either alone or in combination every other day for five weeks concomitant with receiving intraperitoneal DXR (2 mg/kg) two times a week for five successive weeks. Quercetin, rutin, and their combination significantly improved the deteriorated serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities and total bilirubin level, as well as albumin, AFP, and CA 19.9 levels in DXR-injected rats. Treatments of the DXR-injected group with quercetin and rutin prevented the elevation in liver lipid peroxidation and the reduction in superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and glutathione content. Treatments with quercetin and rutin significantly repressed the elevated expression of liver p53 and TNF-α and enhanced Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, the treatments significantly reduced DXR-induced liver histological changes. In conclusion, rutin and quercetin either alone or in combination may have potential preventive effects against DXR-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis as well as modulating the Nrf2 expression.
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Liu Z, Lin X, Zeng L, Lu Q, Liu P, Wang J, Liu Y, Chang Q, Wang Y, Song C, Wang F, Shi Y, Liu G, Wang Q, Wu S. Relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase and poor 3-month prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with preserved renal function: results from Xi'an Stroke Registry Study of China. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:249. [PMID: 35799136 PMCID: PMC9260988 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been considered as one of the independent risk factors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and leads to worse clinical outcomes in patients with renal failure. In this study, we aim to investigate whether serum ALP level is associated with poor early-term prognosis in relationship of AIS patients with preserved renal function. Methods A prospectively collected database of AIS patients hospitalized in the Xi’an district of China from January to December, 2015 was analyzed. The demographics, serum ALP levels and stroke outcomes of all patients at 3 months were reviewed. Patients were routinely followed-up for 3 months. Serum ALP level was analyzed as a continuous variable and quintiles (Q1-Q5). Multivariate logistic regression model and a two-piecewise linear regression model were used to investigate the relationship and to determine the threshold effect regarding serum ALP levels and poor 3-month prognosis of AIS patients with preserved renal function. Results Overall, 1922 AIS patients were enrolled with 62.3% of them being men. The risk of having a poor 3-month prognosis was significantly increased in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q5, when compared to that in Q4 being as the reference. The highest risk was noted in Q5 (odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–3.73, P = 0.003) after being adjusted for confounders. Further analysis revealed a J-shaped curvilinear relationship between ALP levels and a poor 3-month prognosis of strokes (optimal threshold ALP level = 90 U/L). The relationship between both parameters was not significantly affected by age, sex, drinking, hypertension and leukocyte count (stratified by 10 × 109/L) (P for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions Serum ALP was noted as an independent risk factor for a poor 3-month prognosis of AIS patients with preserved renal function. ALP levels higher than 90 U/L could cause an increased risk of a poor 3-month prognosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-022-02779-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Chensheng Song
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Yaling Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Guozheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China
| | - Songdi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710002, China.
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Ndrepepa G, Holdenrieder S, Xhepa E, Cassese S, Lahu S, Kufner S, Kastrati A. Alkaline phosphatase and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:1-7. [PMID: 35690085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains poorly investigated. METHODS The study included 1426 patients with DM and IHD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided in groups according to tertiles of ALP activity: a group with ALP activity in 1st tertile (ALP activity: 20.8-65.0 U/L; n = 478), a group with ALP activity in 2nd tertile (ALP activity: 65.1-87.0 U/L; n = 473) and a group with ALP activity in 3rd tertile (ALP activity: 87.1-1520 U/L; n = 475). The primary endpoint was 3-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS At 3 years, all-cause deaths occurred in 182 patients: 50 deaths (12.4%) in patients of 1st tertile, 47 deaths (11.7%) in patients of 2nd tertile and 85 deaths (20.8%) in patients of 3rd tertile of ALP activity (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 1.42, P = 0.031); cardiac deaths occurred in 110 patients: 28 deaths (7.0%) in patients of 1st tertile, 30 deaths (7.6%) in patients of 2nd tertile and 52 deaths (12.7%) in patients of 3rd tertile of ALP activity (adjusted HR = 1.27 [1.04-1.56], P = 0.021, with both risk estimates calculated for unit increment in the log scale of ALP activity). The C-statistic of the multivariable model with baseline data without and with ALP was 0.787 [0.750-0.818] and 0.804 [0.757-0.851], (P = 0.575) for all-cause mortality and 0.832 [0.798-0.864] and 0.876 [0.833-0.918], (P = 0.115) for cardiac mortality. CONCLUSIONS In patients with DM and IHD, elevated ALP activity was associated with increased risk of 3-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjin Ndrepepa
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erion Xhepa
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Salvatore Cassese
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shqipdona Lahu
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kufner
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany
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Arefhosseini S, Tutunchi H, Nomi-Golzar S, Mahboob S, Pouretedal Z, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. The effect of hydroxy citric acid supplementation with calorie-restricted diet on metabolic, atherogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2022; 13:5124-5134. [PMID: 35416190 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of hydroxy citric acid (HCA) extracts from Garcinia cambogia on metabolic, atherogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present clinical trial was carried out on 40 overweight/obese women with NAFLD. The patients were randomly allocated into either the "HCA group" (receiving calorie-restricted diet (-700 kcal d-1) accompanied by HCA tablets) and the "control group" (receiving only calorie-restricted diet) for eight weeks. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, liver enzymes, as well as inflammatory biomarkers were determined at baseline and after the intervention. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and at the end of the trial and food intake data were analyzed by the Nutritionist IV software. Results showed a decrease in energy and macronutrient intake in both groups (p < 0.05). Weight, BMI, WC, and hip circumference as well as FBS, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly in the HCA group (p < 0.05). There were also significant reductions in WC, FBS, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C in the control group while inter-group changes in FBS, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were statistically significant. Although atherogenic indices reduced significantly in both groups, inter-group comparison revealed that the HCA group showed greater decrease in the TG/HDL-C ratio than the control group (p = 0.004). Other atherogenic indices including TC/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio showed greater reduction in the control versus HCA group (p < 0.01). Some inflammatory factors were reduced in the HCA group; however, no significant within- or between-group differences were revealed post-intervention. Our results indicated that HCA supplementation plus calorie-restricted diet could improve some metabolic factors without any significant effect on inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arefhosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Nomi-Golzar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soltanali Mahboob
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zohre Pouretedal
- Standard Research Institute, Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Microbiology and Biology Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Thomas JV, Mohan ME, Prabhakaran P, Das S S, Maliakel B, Krishnakumar IM. A phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety of thymoquinone -rich black cumin oil (BlaQmax®) on healthy subjects: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Odeh D, Oršolić N, Berendika M, Đikić D, Domjanić Drozdek S, Balbino S, Repajić M, Dragović-Uzelac V, Jurčević IL. Antioxidant and Anti-Atherogenic Activities of Essential Oils from Myrtus communis L. and Laurus nobilis L. in Rat. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071465. [PMID: 35406078 PMCID: PMC9003404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic and medicinal plants, such as myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) and Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), are gaining popularity as a potential ingredient in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aims to investigate whether the essential oils (EOs) could be effective in weight control, antioxidative and antilipidemic status of rats by affecting microbiota and its enzymes activity and whether changes in intestinal enzyme activity affect the health of rats. The intragastric application of laurel and myrtle EOs to rats for two weeks affects weight loss, reduces glycolytic activity, lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)) and atherogenic indicators, leading to cardiovascular protection. Laurel EO can be an excellent candidate for the treatment of drug-induced obesity and related diseases, since it affects lipid metabolism in the liver and inhibits the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates into glucose in the digestive tract, leading to weight loss. In contrast, myrtle EO shows a better antioxidant capacity in most tissues, except kidneys, where it causes a pro-oxidative effect, compared to laurel EO. Myrtle EO increases the permeability and instability of the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in a loss of selectivity for the entry of toxic substances into the cell. On the other hand, myrtle EO leads to intestinal inflammation by reducing the number of probiotic bacteria and increasing Enterobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyana Odeh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.O.); (D.Đ.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.O.); (D.Đ.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-(0)-1-4877-735
| | - Marija Berendika
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Domagoj Đikić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.O.); (D.Đ.)
| | - Sandra Domjanić Drozdek
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Sandra Balbino
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.R.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Maja Repajić
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.R.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.R.); (V.D.-U.)
| | - Irena Landeka Jurčević
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Food Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Abdelmagid AD, Said AM, Gawad EAA, Shalaby SA, Dawood MAO. Propolis nanoparticles relieved the impacts of glyphosate-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression in Nile tilapia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19778-19789. [PMID: 34718976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The risk of the waterborne toxicity caused by herbicides threatens the aquatic environment. In this study, propolis nanoparticles were shown to relieve the impacts of glyphosate-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression in Nile tilapia. The control group was fed a basal diet and maintained in a glyphosate-free water (control). Simultaneously, the other three groups were exposed to sublethal concentrations of glyphosate (0.6 mg/L) and fed diets containing 0 and 10 g propolis and 10 g propolis nanoparticles for 4 weeks. Nile tilapia exposed to glyphosate for 2 and 4 weeks exhibited a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine values compared to the control. After 2 and 4 weeks, fish exposed to glyphosate who were not fed propolis and propolis nanoparticles showed a significant reduction in total protein, albumin, and globulin levels, lysozyme activity, and total immunoglobulin levels. Nile tilapia exposed to glyphosate displayed a significant increase in blood glucose and cortisol concentrations after 2 and 4 weeks. Furthermore, liver and gill tissues from fish exposed to glyphosate exhibited a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Conversely, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the liver and gill MDA levels and AChE activity of the groups treated with propolis and propolis nanoparticles compared to the groups exposed to glyphosate and fed the basal diet. Fish exposed to glyphosate for 2 and 4 weeks showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in hepatic and gill glutathione (GSH) concentration and white blood cell and red blood cell counts compared to the control group. Meanwhile, these parameters in groups fed propolis and propolis nanoparticles were markedly ameliorated compared to exposed fish fed the basal diet. Dietary supplementation of propolis nanoparticles is superior to supplementation of propolis in the normal form for protecting Nile tilapia from glyphosate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf D Abdelmagid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abdel Gawad
- Aquatic Animal Diseases and Management Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sara A Shalaby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt.
- The Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
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Chen X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Huang X, Wang D, Li M, Dou Y, Sun X, Huang G, Yan W. Maternal liver dysfunction in early pregnancy predisposes to gestational diabetes mellitus independent of preconception overweight: A prospective cohort study. BJOG 2022; 129:1695-1703. [PMID: 35133070 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the associations of maternal liver dysfunction and liver function biomarkers (LFBs) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are independent of overweight. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A sub-cohort of pregnant women with seven LFBs examined at 9-13 weeks of gestation and with complete GDM evaluation at mid-gestation were extracted from the prospective Shanghai Preconception Cohort Study. Associations of liver dysfunction, defined as having any elevated LFB levels, and individual LFB levels with GDM incidence were assessed by adjusting body mass index and other covariates in the multivariable logistic regression model. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI were reported. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident GDM. RESULTS Among 6211 pregnant women, 975 (15.7%) developed GDM. Liver dysfunction was associated with increased odds of GDM (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.38-1.92). This association persisted after adjustment for BMI (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.37; 95% CI 1.15-1.63). Higher γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin levels were also linked with GDM (aOR per 1 SD: 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.23; 1.10, 1.03-1.17; 1.21, 1.13-1.29 and 1.19, 1.11-1.27, respectively). Similar magnitudes of associations were observed between normal weight and overweight pregnant women. CONCLUSION Maternal liver dysfunction in early pregnancy predisposes women to subsequent GDM, and this association is independent of being overweight preconception. Our findings of an increased risk even in normal-weight pregnant women adds new mechanistic insights about the pathophysiological role of liver function in GDM aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengru Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Xupeng Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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Ahmed OM, Galaly SR, Mostafa MAMA, Eed EM, Ali TM, Fahmy AM, Zaky MY. Thyme Oil and Thymol Counter Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Modulation of Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6702773. [PMID: 35178158 PMCID: PMC8844103 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6702773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent with a wide spectrum of activities. However, it has many adverse effects on various organs especially on the liver. Thymol, one of the major components of thyme oil, has biological properties that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Thus, this study was designed to examine thyme oil and thymol for their ability to prevent doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin, at a dose of 2 mg/kg bw/week, for seven weeks. Doxorubicin-injected rats were supplemented with thyme oil and thymol at doses 250 and 100 mg/kg bw, respectively, four times/week by oral gavage for the same period. Treatment of rats with thyme oil and thymol reversed the high serum activities of AST, ALT, and ALP and total bilirubin, AFP, and CA19.9 levels, caused by doxorubicin. Thyme oil and thymol also reduced the high levels of TNF-α and the decreased levels of both albumin and IL-4. These agents ameliorated doxorubicin-induced elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation and associated reduction in GSH content and GST and GPx activities. Further, the supplementation with thyme oil and thymol significantly augmented mRNA expression of the level of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and significantly downregulated nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of the hepatic apoptotic mediator p53. Thus, thyme oil and thymol successfully counteracted doxorubicin-induced experimental hepatotoxicity via their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sanaa R. Galaly
- Cell Biology and Histology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mennah-Allah M. A. Mostafa
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alzhraa M. Fahmy
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Beni-Suef University Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Medical Oncology Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
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Maruyama S, Visser H, Ito T, Limsakun T, Zahir H, Ford D, Tao B, Zamora CA, Stark JG, Chou HS. Phase I studies of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of DS-1211, a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:967-980. [PMID: 35021269 PMCID: PMC9010257 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) hydrolyzes and inactivates inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of calcification; therefore, TNAP inhibition is a potential target to treat ectopic calcification. These two first-in-human studies evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of single (SAD) and multiple-ascending doses (MAD) of DS-1211, a TNAP inhibitor. Healthy adults were randomized 6:2 to DS-1211 or placebo, eight subjects per dose cohort. SAD study subjects received one dose of DS-1211 (range, 3-3000 mg) or placebo, whereas MAD study subjects received DS-1211 (range, 10-300 mg) once daily, 150 mg twice daily (b.i.d.), or placebo for 10 days. Primary end points were safety and tolerability. PK and PD assessments included plasma concentrations of DS-1211, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and TNAP substrates (PPi, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [PLP], and phosphoethanolamine [PEA]). A total of 56 (DS-1211: n = 42; placebo: n = 14) and 40 (DS-1211: n = 30; placebo: n = 10) subjects enrolled in the SAD and MAD studies, respectively. In both studies, adverse events were mild or moderate and did not increase with dose. PKs of DS-1211 were linear up to 100 mg administered as a single dose and 150 mg b.i.d. administered as a multiple-dose regimen. In multiple dosing, there was minimal accumulation of DS-1211. Increased DS-1211 exposure correlated with dose-dependent ALP inhibition and concomitant increases in PPi, PLP, and PEA. In two phase I studies, DS-1211 appeared safe and well-tolerated. Post-treatment PD assessments were consistent with exposure-dependent TNAP inhibition. These data support further evaluation of DS-1211 for ectopic calcification diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hester Visser
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Hamim Zahir
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel Ford
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ben Tao
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Hubert S Chou
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey, USA
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Hanaoka S, Motokura K, Tomotaki S, Akita M, Araki R, Tomobe Y, Yamauchi T, Tomotaki H, Iwanaga K, Niwa F, Takita J, Kawai M. Comparison of two methods measuring serum alkaline phosphatase in neonates. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15108. [PMID: 35411991 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a useful bone turnover marker to diagnose metabolic bone disease in preterm infants. In Japan, serum ALP levels were generally measured using the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) method. It is problematic that ALP levels measured using the JSCC method tend to be higher in people with blood types B and O regardless of the disease. For international standardization, since 2020, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) method has been used as a reference method for ALP measurement instead of the JSCC method. However, no report has investigated the correlation between these two methods in neonates. We therefore aimed to compare the JSCC and IFCC methods and demonstrate a conversion formula in neonates. METHODS In this retrospective study, we used a total of 402 samples in 49 preterm and 38 term infants. Serum ALP levels were measured using the JSCC and IFCC methods. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase measured using the JSCC method strongly correlated with that measured using the IFCC method in all blood types in preterm and term infants (P < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS We found that the serum ALP levels measured using the IFCC method could be calculated as 0.34 times the ALP levels measured using the JSCC method in preterm and term infants with any blood type: ALP levels (IFCC method) = 0.34 × ALP levels (JSCC method).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hanaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouji Motokura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Tomotaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Akita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Araki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaro Tomobe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeru Yamauchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tomotaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kougoro Iwanaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fusako Niwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yassin NYS, AbouZid SF, El-Kalaawy AM, Ali TM, Almehmadi MM, Ahmed OM. Silybum marianum total extract, silymarin and silibinin abate hepatocarcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma growth via modulation of the HGF/c-Met, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112409. [PMID: 34781148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as one of the most deadly malignancies with limited therapeutic efficacy worldwide. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between signaling pathways in HCC and predicting cancer cell responses to targeted therapeutic interventions remain to be challenge. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticancerous efficacy of Silybum marianum total extract (STE), silymarin (Sm), and silibinin (Sb) against experimentally-induced HCC in rats. In vitro investigations were also performed and the anticancer effects against HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) were confirmed. Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and were orally treated with STE (200 mg/kg body weight (bw)), Sm (150 mg/kg bw), and Sb (5 mg/kg bw) every other day from the 1st or 16th week to the 25th week of DEN/AAF/CCl4 injection. Treatment with STE, Sm, and Sb inhibited the growth of cancerous lesions in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. This inhibition was associated with inhibition of Ki-67 expression and repression of HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. STE, Sm, and Sb improved liver function biomarkers and tumor markers (AFP, CEA, and CA19.9) and increased total protein and albumin levels in serum. STE, Sm, and Sb treatment was also noted to reduce the hepatic production of lipid peroxides, increase hepatic glutathione content, and induce the activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in DEN/AAF/CCl4-treated rats. These results indicate that STE, Sm, and Sb exert anti-HCC effects through multiple pathways, including suppression of Ki-67 expression and HGF/cMet, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Y S Yassin
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sameh F AbouZid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020 El Salam, 11785 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M, Grund A, Schnabel D. Rickets guidance: part I-diagnostic workup. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2013-2036. [PMID: 34910242 PMCID: PMC9307538 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rickets is a disease of the growing child arising from alterations in calcium and phosphate homeostasis resulting in impaired apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate. Its symptoms depend on the patients' age, duration of disease, and underlying disorder. Common features include thickened wrists and ankles due to widened metaphyses, growth failure, bone pain, muscle weakness, waddling gait, and leg bowing. Affected infants often show delayed closure of the fontanelles, frontal bossing, and craniotabes. The diagnosis of rickets is based on the presence of these typical clinical symptoms and radiological findings on X-rays of the wrist or knee, showing metaphyseal fraying and widening of growth plates, in conjunction with elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase. Nutritional rickets due to vitamin D deficiency and/or dietary calcium deficiency is the most common cause of rickets. Currently, more than 20 acquired or hereditary causes of rickets are known. The latter are due to mutations in genes involved in vitamin D metabolism or action, renal phosphate reabsorption, or synthesis, or degradation of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). There is a substantial overlap in the clinical features between the various entities, requiring a thorough workup using biochemical analyses and, if necessary, genetic tests. Part I of this review focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical findings of rickets followed by the presentation of a diagnostic approach for correct diagnosis. Part II focuses on the management of rickets, including new therapeutic approaches based on recent clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Hannover Medical School, Pediatric Research Center, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,Hannover Medical School, Pediatric Research Center, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Grund
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,Hannover Medical School, Pediatric Research Center, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Pediatric Endocrinology, University Medicine, Charitè Berlin, Germany
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36
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Izumi T, Nanaura H, Iguchi N, Ozaki M, Sugie K. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Cryptogenic Stroke Cases with Active Cancer. Intern Med 2022; 61:639-646. [PMID: 35228475 PMCID: PMC8943387 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7550-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We assessed the relationship between the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, which is often increased with biliary obstruction and bone metastasis, and active cancer in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Methods Serum alkaline phosphatase levels in patients with cryptogenic stroke sampled upon admission were measured using the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry method used in Japan. Active cancer was defined as a new diagnosis, treatment, progression, or recurrence within six months before admission or metastatic cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase and active cancer in these patients. Results Among the 249 patients classified as having cryptogenic stroke, 64 had active cancer. Patients with cryptogenic stroke with active cancer had significantly higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels (486±497 vs. 259±88.2 U/L; p<0.001) than those without cancer. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that serum alkaline phosphatase levels ≥286 U/L were associated with cryptogenic stroke with active cancer [odds ratio (OR), 2.669, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.291-5.517; p=0.008] independent of age ≤70 years old (OR, 3.303, 95% CI, 1.569-6.994; p=0.002), male sex (OR, 0.806, 95% CI, 0.380-1.710; p=0.573), and serum D-dimer levels ≥2.6 μg/mL (OR, 18.78, 95% CI, 8.130-43.40; p<0.001). Conclusion In patients with cryptogenic stroke, high serum alkaline phosphatase levels may be related to active cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesseki Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | - Maki Ozaki
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Japan
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Thacher TD, Sempos CT, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Fischer PR, Munns CF, Pettifor JM. The Validity of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase to Identify Nutritional Rickets in Nigerian Children on a Calcium-Deprived Diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3559-e3564. [PMID: 33982091 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nutritional rickets results from the interaction of low vitamin D status and limited calcium intake. Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is a biomarker of impaired mineralization in rickets. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of serum AP activity in identifying nutritional rickets in calcium-deprived Nigerian children. METHODS We reanalyzed data from a case-control study of children with active rickets and matched control subjects without rickets, using a multivariate logistic regression to assess the odds of rickets associated with AP activity, adjusting for age, sex, and weight-for-age z-score. RESULTS A total of 122 children with rickets and 119 controls were included. Rachitic children had a mean (±SD) age of 54 ± 29 months, and 55 (45.1%) were male. Cases and controls had low dietary calcium intakes (216 ± 87 and 214 ± 96 mg/day, respectively). Serum AP activity levels in cases and controls were 812 ± 415 and 245 ± 78 U/L, respectively (P < 0.001). AP was negatively associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D values (r = -0.34; P < 0.001). In the adjusted model, the odds ratio (95% CI) receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.978. AP > 350 U/L identified nutritional rickets in Nigerian children with sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.92, positive likelihood ratio 11.3, and negative likelihood ratio 0.07. CONCLUSION An AP > 350 U/L effectively discriminated between Nigerian children with and without nutritional rickets. AP is a low-cost biochemical test that could be used to screen for nutritional rickets, but cutoff values require validation in other populations, and laboratory values need to be standardized for widespread population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip R Fischer
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Craig F Munns
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - John M Pettifor
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Aloisio E, Frusciante E, Pasqualetti S, Infusino I, Krintus M, Sypniewska G, Panteghini M. Traceability validation of six enzyme measurements on the Abbott Alinity c analytical system. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:1250-1256. [PMID: 32126012 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Laboratory professionals should independently verify the correct implementation of metrological traceability of commercial measuring systems and determine if their performance is fit for purpose. We evaluated the trueness, uncertainty of measurements, and transferability of six clinically important enzyme measurements (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], creatine kinase [CK], γ-glutamyltransferase [γGT], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) performed on the Abbott Alinity c analytical system. Methods Target values and associated uncertainties were assigned to three pools for each enzyme by using the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) reference measurement procedures (RMPs) and the pools were then measured on the Alinity system. Bias estimation and regression studies were performed, and the uncertainty associated with Alinity measurements was also estimated, using analytical performance specifications (APS) derived from biological variability of measurands as goals. Finally, to validate the transferability of the obtained results, a comparison study between two Alinity systems located in Milan, Italy, and Bydgoszcz, Poland, was carried out. Results Correct implementation of traceability to the IFCC RMPs and acceptable measurement uncertainty fulfilling desirable (ALP, AST, LDH) or optimal APS (ALT, CK, γGT) was verified for all evaluated enzymes. An optimal alignment between the two Alinity systems located in Milan and Bydgoszcz was also found for all enzyme measurements. Conclusions We confirmed that measurements of ALT, ALP, AST, CK, γGT, and LDH performed on the Alinity c analytical system are correctly standardized to the IFCC reference measurement systems and the system alignment is consistent between different platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Aloisio
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Frusciante
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pasqualetti
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilenia Infusino
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Magdalena Krintus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hata A, Fujitani N, Takeshita M, Tanaka C, Matsuda N, Takaishi M, Shimokawa Miyama T, Hoshi F. Comparison of regression for blood ALP levels using methods of the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine in bovine, canine, feline, and human testing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253396. [PMID: 34133462 PMCID: PMC8208544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock and companion animal health have a direct impact on human health. Research on clinical laboratory technology for veterinary medicine is as important as that on human laboratory technology. Reagents and analysis equipment for human medical laboratory tests are often used in veterinary medicine. Medical laboratories in Japan utilize the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC) method for blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP) analysis. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) method is used worldwide for ALP catalytic concentration measurement. When the IFCC method is used, human blood ALP activity is approximately one-third of the JSCC method’s activity. The JSCC method for ALP measurement was switched to the IFCC method in medical laboratories in Japan in April 2020 for global standardization purpose. It is uncertain whether conventional JSCC method reagents will continue to be supplied. In veterinary medicine, the relationship between the JSCC and IFCC methods in terms of ALP measurement is almost unclear. This study investigated the regression between JSCC and IFCC methods measuring ALP in bovine, canine, feline, and human. The regression formulas for bovine, canine, feline, and human ALP values using the conventional JSCC (x) and IFCC (y) methods are y = 0.379x + 0.124, y = 0.289x + 8.291, y = 0.358x + 0.432, and y = 0.337x + 2.959, respectively. These results suggested that the IFCC method measurement could be estimated by approximately one-third of the JSCC method measurement in animal species such as bovine, canine, and feline. By applying the conversion factors proposed in this study, a very good correlation could be obtained between the two methods for each animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Hata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujitani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Chie Tanaka
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsuda
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Michiko Takaishi
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Fumio Hoshi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
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The parp-1 and bax genes as potential targets for treatment of the heart functioning impairments induced by type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Regul 2021; 55:61-71. [PMID: 34020532 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The present study was designed to assess whether apoptosis-related genes as parp-1 and bax could be targets for treatment of diabetes mellitus and whether vitamin D may exert beneficial effects. Methods. Vitamin D3 treatment for 4 weeks, starting after 4 weeks of the diabetes duration. The expression of parp-1 and bax genes was estimated on mRNA levels using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results. After 8 weeks, diabetic rats had weight loss, while blood glucose was increased about 4.9-fold compared to control group. Vitamin D3 administration to diabetic animals had no effect on these parameters. It was found that total serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly elevated in diabetic rats as compared to control animals and was restored by vitamin D3. Diabetes was accompanied by reduction of nicotinamidadenindinucleotide, a substrate of poly-ADP-ribosylation, level by 31.7% as compared to control rats, which was not reversed in response to vitamin D3 treatment. In diabetic hearts, the mRNA expression level of parp-1 gene was 2.8-fold higher compared to control rats and partially decreased by vitamin D3 treatment. Less significant alterations were observed in diabetic hearts for the mRNA expression level of bax gene that was 2.0-fold higher compared to control animals and vitamin D3 normalized it. These results indicate that cardiomyocytes have a tendency to apoptosis. Conclusions. The findings suggest that investigated genes can be targets at the transcriptional level for vitamin D action that may be contributed to the improving metabolic/signaling pathways induced by diabetes mellitus.
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Effects of hydroxy citric acid on body weight and serum hepcidin level in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease a randomized clinical trial. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Harjen HJ, Nicolaysen TV, Negard T, Lund H, Sævik BK, Anfinsen KP, Moldal ER, Zimmer KE, Rørtveit R. Serial serum creatinine, SDMA and urinary acute kidney injury biomarker measurements in dogs envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus). BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:154. [PMID: 33845861 PMCID: PMC8042969 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in dogs, but diagnosis may be impaired due the insensitivity of routine renal function biomarkers to detect earlier or milder forms of injury. Snake envenomation is one of several causes of AKI in dogs and humans. Dogs are commonly envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus) between April and October each year, but few studies exist examining serial serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) measurements and AKI biomarkers in these dogs. Novel urinary biomarkers could improve clinical outcome by allowing earlier diagnosis of and intervention in AKI. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus at 12, 24 and 36 h after bite, as well as 14 days later, using sCr, SDMA and a panel of urinary AKI biomarkers normalised to urine creatinine (uCr), compared to a group of healthy control dogs. Results Thirty-five envenomated dogs and 35 control dogs were included. Serum creatinine did not exceed the upper reference limit at any time point in any dog after envenomation. Serum SDMA did not exceed 0.89 μmol/L in any dog. Compared to controls, urinary albumin/uCr, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/uCr and monocyte chemotactic protein-1/uCr were significantly elevated 12 h (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.01), 24 h (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002) and 36 h (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.0008) after bite. Osteopontin/uCr was higher 24 and 36 h after bite (P < 0.0001), kidney injury molecule-1/uCr, interleukin-8/uCr and γ- glutamyl transferase/uCr were significantly higher 36 h after bite (P = 0.003, P = 0.0005, P = 0.001). Urinary cystatin C/uCr was not significantly different to controls at any timepoint. Biomarker/uCr ratios were not significantly different 14 days after envenomation compared to controls. Conclusion Urinary biomarker/Cr ratios are indicative of mild transient, non-azotaemic AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02851-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Harjen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tove V Nicolaysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hege Lund
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kristin P Anfinsen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena R Moldal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin E Zimmer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runa Rørtveit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Liu Q, Guo Q, Wang J, Deng Y, Zeng J, Zhou W, Zhao H, Zhang C. Development of a designated comparison method for alkaline phosphatase measurements and its application to evaluating routine methods. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:218-224. [PMID: 33755506 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1901305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) published the reference measurement procedure (RMP) for ALP measurement in 2011. However, the RMP is of high requirements for laboratories, complicated, time-consuming and high cost of reagents. Many manufacturers do not trace results to the higher procedure. And there is currently no designated comparison method (DCM) for ALP measurement. Thus, the standardization of ALP measurement is hindered. Automatic biochemical analyzers are easy to operate and widely used in clinical laboratories. Therefore, according to the RMP, establishing a DCM based on an automatic biochemical analyzer will be a practical way to establish traceability to the accuracy base and promote the standardization of ALP measurement. On the basis of conforming to the RMP recommended by IFCC as far as possible, the DCM was established based on a Thermo Indiko automatic biochemical analyzer. Performances of the method were validated. The DCM repeatability and within laboratory imprecision was <1% and <2.5%, respectively. For evaluation of trueness, the biases were within the equivalent limits. Measurement procedure comparisons and biases estimation were carried out between the DCM, the RMP, and the six routine methods using a panel of 40 individual human serum samples. The comparisons between the DCM and the RMP gave satisfying results. Compared with the DCM, the relative biases of some routine methods failed to meet the bias limit derived from biological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Liu
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Deng
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Zhao
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Tangphokhanon W, Pradidarcheep W, Lametschwandtner A. α-mangostin preserves hepatic microvascular architecture in fibrotic rats as shown by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 33859819 PMCID: PMC8042669 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic condition caused by wound-healing in which scar tissue replaces the liver parenchyma following repetitive injuries. It is hypothesized that α-mangostin (AM), the major constituent of the xanthone fraction in extracts of Garcinia mangostana L., may protect the hepatic microvascular bed from thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fibrosis. In the present study, rats were divided into 4 groups: Control rats received no treatment; TAA-treated rats received 150 mg/kg TAA 3 times per week intraperitoneally; AM-treated rats received 75 mg/kg AM twice per week intraperitoneally; and TAA+AM-treated rats received both TAA and AM as described above. Rat livers were processed either for light microscopy or for vascular corrosion casting after 30 and 60 days of treatment. Vascular parameters were measured by 3D morphometry analysis of scanning electron micrographs. AM attenuated hepatocellular injuries and delayed both periportal and pericentral fibrosis in the TAA-treated rats. The comparison of findings at day 30 and 60 showed that TAA-induced fibrotic changes were progressive in time, and that the beneficial effects of AM only became apparent after prolonged treatment. The livers of rats treated with both TAA and AM had less space surrounding the portal vessels, improved preservation of the hepatic microvascular pattern, and minimally altered sinusoidal patterns with few signs of terminal portal venule remodeling. AM therefore partially protected the liver against hepatotoxin-induced fibrosis and the associated microvascular changes. The mechanism of the protective effect of AM on the liver remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan Tangphokhanon
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Alois Lametschwandtner
- Department of Biosciences, Vascular and Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
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Goudarzi M, Kalantar M, Sadeghi E, Karamallah MH, Kalantar H. Protective effects of apigenin on altered lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and antioxidant factors in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:523-531. [PMID: 33057777 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent against autoimmune diseases and tumors. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of MTX-induced damage. This study aimed at examining the ameliorating effects of apigenin (API) as a natural antioxidant on MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. The rats were classified into four groups: group I: normal saline-treated, group II: MTX-treated (20 mg/kg, ip, single dose at day 7), group III: MTX + API-treated (20 mg/kg, po), and group IV: API-treated. API was administrated for 9 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were used as biochemical factors of MTX-induced hepatic injury. In hepatic tissues, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as oxidative stress markers along with inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were assessed. Our results showed that MTX administration significantly increased ALP, ASP, ALT, MDA, NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and significantly decreased antioxidant factors such as GSH, CAT, GPx, and SOD. The API pretreatment group showed a significant rise in hepatic antioxidant markers, besides significant reductions in the serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP and hepatic content of MDA, TNF-α, NO, and IL-1β. In addition, the hepatoprotective effect of API was confirmed by histological evaluation of the liver. API can prevent MTX-induced hepatotoxicity through mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kalantar
- Faculty of Medicine, Shoushtar University of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadeghi
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Kalantar
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Mukherjee V, Ramakrishna P, Bora S, Kotteazeth S. Phytosteroid 28-homobrassinolide targets cholesterol and glucose homeostasis implicating ABCA1 and SREBP role in regulation. Steroids 2021; 165:108756. [PMID: 33171131 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are natural ligands of certain nuclear receptors known as liver X receptors (LXR). LXRs are regulators of fatty acid, cholesterol, and glucose homeostasis. Dietary phyto-oxysterol 28-homobrassinolide (28-HB) has been demonstrated to transactivate rat LXR α and β. In this study we assessed the potential of 28-HB to effect such changes in - (1) human HepG2 cancer cell line, (2) isolated perfused goat liver, and (3) high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Serum and perfusate marker levels along with hexokinase activity were determined through enzyme assays. Fat deposition was studied by Oil Red O staining, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1), and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2) protein expression by Western blot and their mRNA expression through real-time PCR. In HepG2 cells, 28-HB (5-20 μM) treatment indicated a 2-fold increase in glucose utilization and ABCA1 and SREBP2 protein expression within 12 h. Tissue glucose and cholesterol levels decreased in 28-HB perfused goat liver within 2 h, whereas cholesterol level increased 54% in the perfusate (p < 0.05) and tissue hexokinase activity increased 23% (p < 0.05). Glucokinase, ABCA1, and SREBF1 gene expression increased 2.6, 5.37, and 2.85 fold respectively in the perfused tissue after 4 h. High-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice when treated with 28-HB (1-20 µg/day) for 6 weeks exhibited a marked decrease in aortic fat deposit and serum marker levels. Our study suggests that 28-HB modulates cholesterol and glucose homeostasis in animal cells through activation of LXR involving ABCA1 and SREBP-1 and 2 augmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India; Interdisciplinary Program in Life Sciences (DBT-BUILDER) School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Premalatha Ramakrishna
- Division of Biosciences, Pondicherry University Community College, Lawspet, Pondicherry 605008, India
| | - Sushmita Bora
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Srikumar Kotteazeth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India.
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Influence of exogenous phytase supplementation on phytate degradation, plasma inositol, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose concentrations of broilers at 28 days of age. Poult Sci 2020; 100:224-234. [PMID: 33357685 PMCID: PMC7772694 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol is the final product of phytate degradation, which has the potential to serve as an indicator of phytase efficacy. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of supplementing broiler diets with phytase on phytate degradation and plasma inositol concentrations at 28 d of age. Twenty-four Ross × Ross 708 male chicks were placed in battery cages (4 birds per cage) from 1 to 21 d of age and individually from 22 to 28 d of age. At 27 d of age, a catheter was placed in the brachial vein of broilers to avoid repeated puncture of the vein during blood collection. At 28 d of age, broilers received 1 of 3 experimental diets formulated to contain 0, 400, or 1,200 phytase units (FTU)/kg, respectively, in diet 1, 2, and 3. Blood was collected 1 h before feeding experimental diets and from 20 to 240 min after feeding experimental diets at 20-min intervals with a final blood collection at 480 min to determine plasma inositol concentrations. Inositol phosphate (IP) ester degradation was determined in gizzard contents and ileal digesta. Broilers provided the 1,200 FTU/kg phytase diet had 60% less (P < 0.01) IP6 concentration in gizzard content (1,264 vs. 4,176 nmol/g) and ileal digesta (13,472 vs. 33,244 nmol/g) than birds fed the 400 FTU/kg diet. Adding phytase at 1,200 FTU/kg increased (P < 0.01) inositol concentrations in gizzard content and ileal digesta of broilers by 2.5 (2,703 vs. 1,071 nmol/g) and 3.5 (16,485 vs. 4,667 nmol/g) fold, respectively, compared with adding 400 FTU/kg. Plasma inositol concentration of broilers was not different (P = 0.94) among the dietary treatments at each collection time. Inositol liberation in the digesta of broilers fed diets with 1,200 FTU/kg phytase did not translate to increased plasma inositol concentrations, which warrants further investigation.
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Dakieva KZ, Tsyganov AP, Egorina AV, Sharipkhanova AS, Sedelev VA, Sadykanova GE, Chursin AS. The effect of work environment on the biochemical profile of workers operating at the Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:591-603. [PMID: 33064062 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720941731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explored biochemical parameters of blood in workers operating in the main workshops at the Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant: magnesium (Mg) workshop (furnace operator, chlorinator operator, and electrolyzer operator), titanium tetrachloride workshop (mill operator and titanium (Ti) production operator), and Ti sponge workshop (reduction furnace operator, knockout operator, and crushing machine operator). The control group consisted of 112 male workers, whose duties were not related to similar occupational hazards (plumbers, electricians, janitors cleaning the administrative building, security guards, and carpenters). The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphate, and α-amylase and the concentration of serum calcium, Mg, phosphorus, and chloride ion were measured. To clarify the nature of pathological changes that occur in the body of mammals under the influence of toxic gases and dust, this study also included 130 sexually mature, white female rats. Animals and workers were exposed to examination of the same indicators. Changes in test results of enzymes and minerals indicated a negative impact that harmful production factors may have had on the bodies of workers. Findings showed significant fluctuations in enzyme and mineral blood profiles of workers as compared to controls. In the test animals, changes in the enzyme activity and mineral blood composition were as diverse as in the workers. These findings will be useful when identifying markers of a negative impact of harmful substances in an industrial workplace and when developing measures to prevent employees from developing an occupational disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna V Egorina
- EKSU by 186030Sarsen Amanzholov, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
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Gonzalez H, Imam Z, Wong R, Li J, Lu M, Trudeau S, Gordon S, Imam M, Gish R. Normal alkaline phosphatase levels are dependent on race/ethnicity: NationalGEP Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2020; 7:e000502. [PMID: 33055108 PMCID: PMC7559036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The range of normal serum alkaline phosphatase is not well defined. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2016 to generate normal ranges for a racially diverse sample of healthy adults. METHODS Respondents 18 years or older were included. Conditions known to elevate alkaline phosphatase were cause for exclusion. Alkaline phosphatase was measured using a colorimetric method based on standardised National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols. Because alkaline phosphatase values were not normally distributed, log transformation was used. We calculated upper limits of normal (97.5 percentile), stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, and 90% CIs for the upper limits of normal. RESULTS 1199 respondents (673 female, 526 male) had body mass index from 18.5 to less than 25. Upper limits of normal were highest among Hispanics (123.2 IU/L (90% CI 110.2 to 136.7) for females; 123.8 IU/L (90% CI 112.0 to 135.1) for males), followed by African Americans (109.9 IU/L (90% CI 97.3 to 122.4) for females; 116.3 IU/L (90% CI 105.0 to 126.1) for males) and whites (97.1 IU/L (90% CI 91.0 to 103.4) for females; 109.6 IU/L (90% CI 102.1 to 116.3) for males). Asian American/Pacific Islander respondents had the lowest results: 93.8 IU/L (90% CI 88.2 to 99.5) for females and 95.3 IU/L (90% CI 88.1 to 102.1) for males. CONCLUSIONS The upper limit of normal alkaline phosphatase varies by race/ethnicity in a large US sample with body mass index of 18.5<25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Gonzalez
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zaid Imam
- Internal Medicine, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wong
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sheri Trudeau
- Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Stuart Gordon
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohammad Imam
- Gastroenterology, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert Gish
- Gatroenterology and Hepatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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50
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Hata A, Fujitani N, Tanaka C, Matsuda N, Takaishi M, Shimokawa-Miyama T, Hoshi F. Regression formula to predict the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine measure of alkaline phosphatase activity in canine blood based on the Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry reference method. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1523-1528. [PMID: 32908039 PMCID: PMC7653301 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry reference method (JSCC method) is used to measure
alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity only in Japan. Other countries use the International
Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) reference method to
measure ALP activity. Since April 2020, human medical institutions in Japan have been
gradually switching to the IFCC method. However, it is unclear whether the supply of
reagents required for the JSCC method will be steady in the future. Additionally, the
comparison of the performances and accuracies of these two methods for measuring ALP
values remains uncertain in several animal species. In this investigation, we measured
canine ALP activity using both methods and developed a formula to interconvert the two
resulting values. The regression formula for ALP values measured using the modified JSCC
(x) and IFCC (y) methods was determined as log10 y=0.960 log10
x−0.395 (r=0.997). However, the correlation between values based on JSCC and IFCC methods
can change depending on the composition of ALP isozymes. Therefore, the developed formula
can currently serve as a provisional strategy in calculating ALP levels. Nevertheless,
this formula might avoid confusion in the clinical field during the transition from the
JSCC to the IFCC method when both measurement values co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Hata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan.,Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujitani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan.,Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsuda
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Michiko Takaishi
- Biomedical Science Examination and Research Center, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Shimokawa-Miyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Fumio Hoshi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ikoino-oka 1-3, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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