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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and Hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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Li Z, He Y, Chen J, Ran D, Yue J, Fu Q, Shi H. Transcriptomic Analysis of Metformin's Effect on Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Vet Sci 2024; 11:376. [PMID: 39195830 PMCID: PMC11358930 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes calf diarrhea, bovine respiratory syndrome, and cow abortion, resulting in substantial economic losses in the cattle industry. Owing to its persistent infection mechanism, BVDV is a major challenge in the treatment of cattle. (2) Methods: To determine how metformin (Met) inhibits the interaction between BVDV and host cells, we treated BVDV-infected cells with Met. We then performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of Met-treated cells infected with BVDV to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Consequently, the RNA-seq results were validated through real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). (3) Results: Our analysis revealed 3169 DEGs in the Met-treated cells (Met group) vs. the negative controls (NC group) and 2510 DEGs in the BVDV-infected cells after pretreatment with Met (MetBVDV group) vs. the BVDV-infected cells (BVDV group). The DEGs were involved in MDBK interactions during BVDV infection, as indicated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The potential interactions of the DEGs were confirmed via a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Met treatment induced autophagy signaling activity and the expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG2A, ATG4B, ATG10, and ATG12 in BVDV-infected Met-pretreated cells. (4) Conclusions: We found that the host transcriptomic profile was affected by BVDV infection and Met pretreatment. These findings offer valuable new insights and provide support for future studies on the inhibition of BVDV replication by Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yuanxiu He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Junzhen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Duoliang Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Division of Natural and Applied Science, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China;
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Huijun Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
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Tabei Y, Nakajima Y. IL-1β-activated PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways coordinately promote induction of partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:392. [PMID: 39118068 PMCID: PMC11308217 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process in embryonic development, wound healing, organ fibrosis, and cancer metastasis. Previously, we and others have reported that proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induces EMT. However, the exact mechanisms, especially the signal transduction pathways, underlying IL-1β-mediated EMT are not yet completely understood. Here, we found that IL-1β stimulation leads to the partial EMT-like phenotype in human lung epithelial A549 cells, including the gain of mesenchymal marker (vimentin) and high migratory potential, without the complete loss of epithelial marker (E-cadherin). IL-1β-mediated partial EMT induction was repressed by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, indicating that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a significant role in the induction. In addition, ERK1/2 inhibitor FR180204 markedly inhibited the IL-1β-mediated partial EMT induction, demonstrating that the MEK/ERK pathway was also involved in the induction. Furthermore, we found that the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways occurred downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway, respectively. Our findings suggest that the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways coordinately promote the IL-1β-mediated partial EMT induction. The inhibition of not one but both pathways is expected yield clinical benefits by preventing partial EMT-related disorders such as organ fibrosis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tabei
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
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Jeong JY, Bafor AE, Freeman BH, Chen PR, Park ES, Kim E. Pathophysiology in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Focus on Endothelial Dysfunctions and Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1795. [PMID: 39200259 PMCID: PMC11351371 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) substantially increase the risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the treatment options for bAVMs are severely limited, primarily relying on invasive methods that carry their own risks for intraoperative hemorrhage or even death. Currently, there are no pharmaceutical agents shown to treat this condition, primarily due to a poor understanding of bAVM pathophysiology. For the last decade, bAVM research has made significant advances, including the identification of novel genetic mutations and relevant signaling in bAVM development. However, bAVM pathophysiology is still largely unclear. Further investigation is required to understand the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, which will enable the development of safer and more effective treatment options. Endothelial cells (ECs), the cells that line the vascular lumen, are integral to the pathogenesis of bAVMs. Understanding the fundamental role of ECs in pathological conditions is crucial to unraveling bAVM pathophysiology. This review focuses on the current knowledge of bAVM-relevant signaling pathways and dysfunctions in ECs, particularly the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eunhee Kim
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.Y.J.); (A.E.B.); (B.H.F.); (P.R.C.); (E.S.P.)
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Sobsey CA, Froehlich BC, Mitsa G, Ibrahim S, Popp R, Zahedi RP, de Bruin EC, Borchers CH, Batist G. mTORC1-Driven Protein Translation Correlates with Clinical Benefit of Capivasertib within a Genetically Preselected Cohort of PIK3CA-Altered Tumors. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2058-2074. [PMID: 38954770 PMCID: PMC11320025 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Capivasertib is a potent selective inhibitor of AKT. It was recently FDA approved in combination with fulvestrant to treat HR+, HER2-negative breast cancers with certain genetic alteration(s) activating the PI3K pathway. In phase I trials, heavily pretreated patients with tumors selected for activating PI3K pathway mutations treated with capivasertib monotherapy demonstrated objective response rates of <30%. We investigated the proteomic profile associated with capivasertib response in genetically preselected patients and cancer cell lines. We analyzed samples from 16 PIK3CA-mutated patient tumors collected prior to capivasertib monotherapy in the phase I trial. PI3K pathway proteins were precisely quantified with immuno-Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-mass spectrometry (iMALDI-MS). Global proteomic profiles were also obtained. Patients were classified according to response to capivasertib monotherapy: "clinical benefit (CB)" (≥12 weeks without progression, n = 7) or "no clinical benefit (NCB)" (progression in <12 weeks, n = 9). Proteins that differed between the patient groups were subsequently quantified in AKT1- or PIK3CA-altered breast cancer cell lines with varying capivasertib sensitivity. The measured concentrations of AKT1 and AKT2 varied among the PIK3CA-mutated tumors but did not differ between the CB and NCB groups. However, analysis of the global proteome data showed that translational activity was higher in tumors of the NCB vs. CB group. When reproducibly quantified by validated LC-MRM-MS assays, the same proteins of interest similarly distinguished between capivasertib-sensitive versus -resistant cell lines. The results provide further evidence that increased mTORC1-driven translation functions as a mechanism of resistance to capivasertib monotherapy. Protein concentrations may offer additional insights for patient selection for capivasertib, even among genetically preselected patients. SIGNIFICANCE Capivasertib's first-in-class FDA approval demonstrates its promise, yet there remains an opportunity to optimize its use. Our results provide new evidence that proteomics can stratify genetically preselected patients on clinical benefit. Characterization of the same profile in cell lines furnishes additional validation. Among PIK3CA-altered tumors, increased mTORC1-driven translation appears to confer intrinsic resistance. Assessing mTORC1 activation could therefore prove a useful complement to the existing genetic selection strategy for capivasertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance A. Sobsey
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Bjoern C. Froehlich
- University of Victoria-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Georgia Mitsa
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Sahar Ibrahim
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Rene P. Zahedi
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | | | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McGill Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Gorodezki D, Schuhmann MU, Ebinger M, Schittenhelm J. Dissecting the Natural Patterns of Progression and Senescence in Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma: From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Cells 2024; 13:1215. [PMID: 39056798 PMCID: PMC11274692 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) comprise a heterogeneous set of low-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors, collectively representing the most frequent CNS tumors of childhood and adolescence. Despite excellent overall survival rates, the chronic nature of the disease bears a high risk of long-term disease- and therapy-related morbidity in affected patients. Recent in-depth molecular profiling and studies of the genetic landscape of PLGGs led to the discovery of the paramount role of frequent upregulation of RAS/MAPK and mTOR signaling in tumorigenesis and progression of these tumors. Beyond, the subsequent unveiling of RAS/MAPK-driven oncogene-induced senescence in these tumors may shape the understanding of the molecular mechanisms determining the versatile progression patterns of PLGGs, potentially providing a promising target for novel therapies. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies moreover indicate a strong dependence of PLGG formation and growth on the tumor microenvironment. In this work, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the multilayered cellular mechanisms and clinical factors determining the natural progression patterns and the characteristic biological behavior of these tumors, aiming to provide a foundation for advanced stratification for the management of these tumors within a multimodal treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gorodezki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Martin U. Schuhmann
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Alhamdan YR, Ayoub NM, Jaradat SK, Shatnawi A, Yaghan RJ. BRAF Expression and Copy Number Alterations Predict Unfavorable Tumor Features and Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Breast Cancer. Int J Breast Cancer 2024; 2024:6373900. [PMID: 38919805 PMCID: PMC11199069 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6373900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of BRAF in breast cancer pathogenesis is still unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study is aimed at evaluating the impact of BRAF gene expression and copy number alterations (CNAs) on clinicopathologic characteristics and survival in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) dataset was obtained from the cBioPortal public domain. Tumoral BRAF mRNA expression and CNAs along with demographic and tumor data for patients with breast cancer were retrieved. The association of BRAF expression and CNAs with breast cancer clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed. The impact of BRAF mRNA expression on the overall survival of patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: BRAF gene mRNA log intensity expression was positively correlated with tumor size and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (p < 0.001). Alternatively, BRAF gene expression was negatively correlated with the age at diagnosis (p = 0.003). The average BRAF mRNA expression was significantly higher in premenopausal patients, patients with high tumor grade, hormone receptor-negative status, and non-luminal tumors compared to postmenopausal patients, patients with low-grade, hormone receptor-positive, and luminal disease. BRAF gain and high-level amplification copy numbers were significantly associated with higher NPI scores and larger tumor sizes compared to neutral copy number status. Survival analysis revealed no discernible differences in overall survival for patients with low and high BRAF mRNA expression. Conclusion: High BRAF mRNA expression as well as the gain and high-level amplification copy numbers were associated with advanced tumor characteristics and unfavorable prognostic factors in breast cancer. BRAF could be an appealing target for the treatment of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan R. Alhamdan
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyJordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyJordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sara K. Jaradat
- Department of Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyJordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Aymen Shatnawi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical SciencesCollege of PharmacyMedical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Rami J. Yaghan
- Department of SurgeryCollege of Medicine and Medical SciencesArabian Gulf University, Road 2904, Building 293, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of General Surgery and UrologyFaculty of MedicineJordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Guo J, Chen Y, Zhu H, Tong X, Cao L, Zhang Y, Xie W, Li C. Three-dimensional chromatin landscapes in somatotroph tumour. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1682. [PMID: 38769659 PMCID: PMC11106515 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture plays a critical role inregulating gene expression. However, the specific alterations in thisarchitecture within somatotroph tumors and their implications for gene expression remain largely unexplored. METHODS We employed Hi-C and RNA-seq analyses to compare the 3D genomic structures of somatotroph tumors with normal pituitary tissue. This comprehensive approachenabled the characterization of A/B compartments, topologically associateddomains (TADs), and chromatin loops, integrating these with gene expression patterns. RESULTS We observed a decrease in both the frequency of chromosomal interactions andthe size of TADs in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Conversely, the number of TADs and chromatin loops was found to be increased in tumors. Integrated analysis of Hi-C and RNA-seq data demonstrated that changes inhigher-order chromat in structure were associated with alterations in gene expression. Specifically, genes in A compartments showed higher density and increased expression relative to those in B compartments. Moreover, the weakand enhanced insulation boundaries were identified, and the associated genes were enriched in the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. We identified the gainedand lost loops in tumor and integrated these differences with transcriptional changes to examine the functional relevance of the identified loops. Notably, we observed an enhanced insulation boundary and a greater number of loops in the TCF7L2 gene region within tumors, which was accompanied by an upregulation of TCF7L2 expression. Subsequently, TCF7L2 expression was confirmed through qRT-PCR, and upregulated TCF7L2 prompted cell proliferation and growth hormone (GH) secretion in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results provide comprehensive 3D chromatin architecture maps of somatotroph tumors and offer a valuable resource for furthering the understanding of the underlying biology and mechanisms of gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yiyuan Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor CenterBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor CenterBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
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Huang YP, Yeh CA, Ma YS, Chen PY, Lai KC, Lien JC, Hsieh WT. PW06 suppresses cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells via the inhibitions of p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB and MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathways in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2768-2781. [PMID: 38264921 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PW06 [(E)-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one], a kind of the carbazole derivative containing chalcone moiety, induced cell apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. There is no investigation to show that PW06 inhibits cancer cell metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma in vitro. Herein, PW06 (0.1-0.8 μM) significantly exists in the antimetastatic activities of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro. Wound healing assay shows PW06 at 0.2 μM suppressed cell mobility by 7.45 and 16.55% at 6 and 24 hours of treatments. PW06 at 0.1 and 0.2 μM reduced cell mobility by 14.72 and 21.8% for 48 hours of treatment. Transwell chamber assay indicated PW06 (0.1-0.2 μM) suppressed the cell migration (decreased 26.67-35.42%) and invasion (decreased 48.51-68.66%). Atomic force microscopy assay shows PW06 (0.2 μM) significantly changed the shape of cell morphology. The gelatin zymography assay indicates PW06 decreased MMP2's and MMP9's activities at 48 hours of treatment. Western blotting assay further confirms PW06 reduced levels of MMP2 and MMP9 and increased protein expressions of EGFR, SOS1, and Ras. PW06 also increased the p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38. PW06 increased the expression of PI3K, PTEN, Akt, GSK3α/β, and E-cadherin. Nevertheless, results also show PW06 decreased p-Akt, mTOR, NF-κB, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, Snail, N-cadherin, and vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The confocal laser microscopy examination shows PW06 increased E-cadherin but decreased vimentin in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Together, our findings strongly suggest that PW06 inhibited the p-Akt/mTOR/NF-κB/MMPs pathways, increased E-cadherin, and decreased N-cadherin/vimentin, suppressing the migration and invasion in MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yi C, Song H, Liang H, Ran Y, Tang J, Chen E, Li F, Fu L, Wang Y, Chen F, Wang Y, Ding Y, Xie Y. TBX3 reciprocally controls key trophoblast lineage decisions in villi during human placenta development in the first trimester. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130220. [PMID: 38368983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Human trophoblastic lineage development is intertwined with placental development and pregnancy outcomes, but the regulatory mechanisms underpinning this process remain inadequately understood. In this study, based on single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis of the human early maternal-fetal interface, we compared the gene expression pattern of trophoblast at different developmental stages. Our findings reveal a predominant upregulation of TBX3 during the transition from villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) to syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), but downregulation of TBX3 as VCT progresses into extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT). Immunofluorescence analysis verified the primary expression of TBX3 in SCT, partial expression in MKi67-positive VCT, and absence in HLA-G-positive EVT, consistent with our snRNA-seq results. Using immortalized trophoblastic cell lines (BeWo and HTR8/SVneo) and human primary trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), we observed that TBX3 knockdown impedes SCT formation through RAS-MAPK signaling, while TBX3 overexpression disrupts the cytoskeleton structure of EVT and hinders EVT differentiation by suppressing FAK signaling. In conclusion, our study suggests that the spatiotemporal expression of TBX3 plays a critical role in regulating trophoblastic lineage development via distinct signaling pathways. This underscores TBX3 as a key determinant during hemochorial placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Honglan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongxiu Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujie Ran
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Enxiang Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lijuan Fu
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China 400021; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Changsha Medical University, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, 410129, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youlong Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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12
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Bongartz H, Mehwald N, Seiß EA, Schumertl T, Naß N, Dittrich A. Dysregulated Gab1 signalling in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:161. [PMID: 38448989 PMCID: PMC10916281 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is especially aggressive and associated with high metastasis. The aetiology of TNBC is heterogeneous and characterised by multiple different mutations that amongst others cause constitutive and dysregulated MAPK and PI3K signalling. Additionally, in more than 50% of TNBC patients, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed and constitutively active. The multi-site docking protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) is a central signalling hub that connects MAPK and PI3K signalling. METHODS Expression and activation of members of the Gab1/PI3K/MAPK signalling network were assessed in cells from different breast cancer subtypes. Influence of short- and long-term inhibition of EGFR, MAPK and PI3K on the activation of the Gab1/PI3K/MAPK signalling network as well as on cell viability, proliferation and migration was determined. Additionally, cellular localisation of Gab1 and Gab1 variants in naive cells and cells treated with the above-mentioned inhibitors was investigated. RESULTS We show that, activation of the Gab1/PI3K/MAPK signalling network is heterogeneous between different breast cancer subtypes. Gab1 phosphorylation and plasma membrane recruitment of Gab1 are dysregulated in the EGFRhigh TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468. While the Gab1/MAPK/PI3K signalling network follows canonical Gab1 signalling in naive MDA-MB-468 cells, Gab1 signalling is changed in cells that acquired resistance towards MAPK and PI3K inhibition. In resistant cells, Gab1 is not located at the plasma membrane despite strong activation of PI3K and MAPK. Furthermore, Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation is uncoupled from plasma membrane recruitment. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Gab1 signalling changes fundamentally during the acquisition of resistance to pharmacological inhibitors. Given the molecular heterogeneity between breast cancer subtypes, the detailed understanding of dysregulated and aberrant signalling is an absolute necessity in order to develop personalised therapies for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bongartz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
- Present address: Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nora Mehwald
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Elena A Seiß
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
| | - Tim Schumertl
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Norbert Naß
- Department of Pathology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University Hospital Brandenburg / Havel, Hochstraße 29, Brandenburg, 14770, Germany
| | - Anna Dittrich
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany.
- Center for Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering (CDS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany.
- Magdeburg Center for Systems Biology (MACS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, 39106, Germany.
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13
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Bovan D, Krajnović T, Vuković NL, Vukić MD, Mijatović S, Tanić N, Arsenijević N, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Anoikis and cancer cell differentiation: novel modes of shikonin derivatives anticancer action in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:218. [PMID: 38281240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone found in the roots of several genera of the Boraginaceae family, widely known for its numerous biological activities, such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer. In this study, the antitumor effect of six naphthoquinones isolated from the roots of Onosma visianii was evaluated using two cell lines, mouse melanoma B16 and highly aggressive rat glioma cell line C6. METHODS AND RESULTS All examined shikonins dose-dependently decreased the viability of tested cells, with compounds 5 and 6 being the most potent ones and hence subjected to further analysis. The diminished viability of B16 melanoma cells was in correlation with detected caspase-mediated apoptosis. Importantly, observed altered cell morphology along with the loss of dividing potential upon exposure to both shikonins implied reprogram of B16 cell phenotype. Elevated expression of myelin basic protein indicated the acquirement of Schwann-like cell phenotype, while detected autophagy might be connected to this phenomenon. On the contrary, upon exposure to both agents, C6 cells underwent specific cell death-anoikis, provoked by detachment from the extracellular matrix and compromised integrin signaling. Oppositely to compound 5, compound 6 realized anoikis in a caspase-independent manner and under sustained ERK1/2 activation, indicating the deviation from standard proanoikis signaling. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we have pointed out the diversity and novelty in the mode of action of shikonin derivatives depending on the tumor cell features, which represents a good platform for new investigations of these promising natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Bovan
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Krajnović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad L Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena D Vukić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Tanić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Arsenijević
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108, Belgrade, Serbia.
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14
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Zhou C, Fan Z, Gu Y, Ge Z, Tao Z, Cui R, Li Y, Zhou G, Huo R, Gao M, Wang D, He W, Zheng M, Zhang S, Xu T. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective PROTAC Degraders of Oncogenic KRAS G12D. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1147-1167. [PMID: 38197882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
KRASG12D, the most frequent KRAS oncogenic mutation, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of KRASG12D PROTACs by connecting the analogues of MRTX1133 and the VHL ligand. Structural modifications of the linker moiety and KRAS inhibitor part suggested a critical role of membrane permeability in the degradation activity of the KRASG12D PROTACs. Mechanism studies with the representative compound 8o demonstrated that the potent, rapid, and selective degradation of KRASG12D induced by 8o was via a VHL- and proteasome-dependent manner. This compound selectively and potently suppressed the growth of multiple KRASG12D mutant cancer cells, displayed favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in mice, and showed significant antitumor efficacy in the AsPC-1 xenograft mouse model. Further optimization of 8o appears to be promising for the development of a new chemotherapy for KRASG12D-driven cancers as the complementary therapeutic strategy to KRAS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zisheng Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuejiao Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhaofan Tao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongrong Cui
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at EI Paso, EI Paso, Texas 79902, United States
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruifeng Huo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingshan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei He
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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15
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Limsakul P, Choochuen P, Jungrungrueang T, Charupanit K. Prognostic Markers in Tyrosine Kinases Specific to Basal-like 2 Subtype of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1405. [PMID: 38338684 PMCID: PMC10855431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a heterogeneous and therapeutically challenging subtype, comprises over 50% of patients categorized into basal-like 1 (BL1) and basal-like 2 (BL2) intrinsic molecular subtypes. Despite their shared basal-like classification, BL2 is associated with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and reduced relapse-free survival compared to BL1. Here, the study focused on identifying subtype-specific markers for BL2 through transcriptomic analysis of TNBC patients using RNA-seq and clinical integration. Six receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) genes, including EGFR, EPHA4, EPHB2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and ROR1, were identified as potential differentiators for BL2. Correlations between TK mRNA expression and TNBC prognosis, particularly EGFR, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB, revealed potential synergistic interactions in pathways related to cell survival and proliferation. Our findings also suggest promising dual markers for predicting disease prognosis. Furthermore, RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that identified BL2-specific TKs were expressed at a higher level in BL2 than in BL1 cell lines, providing insights into unique characteristics. This study advances the understanding of TNBC heterogeneity within the basal-like subtypes, which could lead to novel clinical treatment approaches and the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praopim Limsakul
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor (TAB-CoE), Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Choochuen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Thawirasm Jungrungrueang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.C.); (T.J.)
| | - Krit Charupanit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.C.); (T.J.)
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16
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Nussinov R, Jang H. Direct K-Ras Inhibitors to Treat Cancers: Progress, New Insights, and Approaches to Treat Resistance. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:231-253. [PMID: 37524384 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022823-113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we discuss approaches to K-Ras inhibition and drug resistance scenarios. A breakthrough offered a covalent drug against K-RasG12C. Subsequent innovations harnessed same-allele drug combinations, as well as cotargeting K-RasG12C with a companion drug to upstream regulators or downstream kinases. However, primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance inevitably emerge. The preexisting mutation load can explain how even exceedingly rare mutations with unobservable effects can promote drug resistance, seeding growth of insensitive cell clones, and proliferation. Statistics confirm the expectation that most resistance-related mutations are in cis, pointing to the high probability of cooperative, same-allele effects. In addition to targeted Ras inhibitors and drug combinations, bifunctional molecules and innovative tri-complex inhibitors to target Ras mutants are also under development. Since the identities and potential contributions of preexisting and evolving mutations are unknown, selecting a pharmacologic combination is taxing. Collectively, our broad review outlines considerations and provides new insights into pharmacology and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA;
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA;
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17
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Strakhova R, Smith MJ. Profiling Complex RAS-Effector Interactions Using NMR Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2797:195-209. [PMID: 38570461 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3822-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of how effectors interact with RAS GTPases is key to understanding how these switch-like proteins function in cells. Effectors bind specifically to GTP-loaded RAS using RAS association (RA) or RAS binding domains (RBDs) that show wide-ranging affinities and thermodynamic characteristics. Both normal development and RAS-induced tumorigenesis depend on multiple distinct effector proteins that are frequently co-expressed and co-localized, suggesting an antagonistic nature to signaling whereby multiple proteins compete for a limited pool of activated GTPase. NMR spectroscopy offers a powerful approach to multiplex effectors and/or regulatory enzymes and quantifies their interaction with RAS, expanding our biophysical and systems-level understanding of RAS signaling in a more integrated and physiologically relevant setting. Here we describe a method to directly quantitate GTPase binding to competing effectors, using wild-type KRAS complex with ARAF and PLCε1 as a model. Unlabeled RBD/RA domains are added simultaneously to isotopically labeled RAS, and peak intensities at chemical shifts characteristic of individually bound domains provide quantitation. Similar competition-based assays can be run with small molecule interactors, GEF/GAP domains, or regulatory enzymes that drive posttranslational modifications. Such efforts bring in vitro interaction experiments in line with more complex cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Strakhova
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Esposito T, Pisanti S, Mauro L, Mencherini T, Martinelli R, Aquino RP. Activity of Colocasia esculenta (Taro) Corms against Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells: Chemical Study and Molecular Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:252. [PMID: 38203419 PMCID: PMC10778756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott is a tuberous plant, also known as taro, employed as food worldwide for its renowned nutritional properties but also traditionally used in several countries for medical purposes. In this study, methanolic extracts were prepared from the corms and leaves of Colocasia, subsequently fractionated via molecular exclusion chromatography (RP-HPLC) and their anti-tumor activity assessed in an in vitro model of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells). Vorm extract and isolated fractions II and III affected AGS cell vitality in a dose-dependent manner through the modulation of key proteins involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle processes, such as caspase 3, cyclin A, cdk2, IkBα, and ERK. To identify bioactive molecules responsible for anti-tumoral activity fractions II and III were further purified via RP-HPLC and characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. The procedure enabled the identification of ten compounds including lignans and neolignans, some isolated for the first time in taro, uncommon megastigmane derivatives, and a gallic acid derivative. However, none of the isolated constituents showed efficacy equivalent to that of the fractions and total extract. This suggests that the whole Colocasia phytocomplex has intriguing anti-tumor activity against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Luciano Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Giardino della Minerva, 84121 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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19
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Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
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20
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Valdes Angues R, Perea Bustos Y. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Multi-Hit Hypothesis of Oncogenesis. Cureus 2023; 15:e50703. [PMID: 38234925 PMCID: PMC10792266 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease. The "hallmarks of cancer" were proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) as a group of biological competencies that human cells attain as they progress from normalcy to neoplastic transformation. These competencies include self-sufficiency in proliferative signaling, insensitivity to growth-suppressive signals and immune surveillance, the ability to evade cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, inducing angiogenesis, and activating tissue invasion and metastasis. Underlying these competencies are genome instability, which expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters their function(s). Additionally, cancer exhibits another dimension of complexity: a heterogeneous repertoire of infiltrating and resident host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix, known as the tumor microenvironment, that through a dynamic and reciprocal relationship with cancer cells supports immortality, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination. This staggering intricacy calls for caution when advising all people with cancer (or a previous history of cancer) to receive the COVID-19 primary vaccine series plus additional booster doses. Moreover, because these patients were not included in the pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy, safety, and the risk of interactions with anticancer therapies, which could reduce the value and innocuity of either medical treatment. After reviewing the available literature, we are particularly concerned that certain COVID-19 vaccines may generate a pro-tumorigenic milieu (i.e., a specific environment that could lead to neoplastic transformation) that predisposes some (stable) oncologic patients and survivors to cancer progression, recurrence, and/or metastasis. This hypothesis is based on biological plausibility and fulfillment of the multi-hit hypothesis of oncogenesis (i.e., induction of lymphopenia and inflammation, downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, activation of oncogenic cascades, sequestration of tumor suppressor proteins, dysregulation of the RNA-G quadruplex-protein binding system, alteration of type I interferon responses, unsilencing of retrotransposable elements, etc.) together with growing evidence and safety reports filed to Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) suggesting that some cancer patients experienced disease exacerbation or recurrence following COVID-19 vaccination. In light of the above and because some of these concerns (i.e., alteration of oncogenic pathways, promotion of inflammatory cascades, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system) also apply to cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we encourage the scientific and medical community to urgently evaluate the impact of both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on cancer biology and tumor registries, adjusting public health recommendations accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Valdes Angues
- Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, USA
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21
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Kumar U, Manivannan HP, Francis AP, Veeraraghavan VP, R G, Sankaran K. Prediction of Novel Natural Small Molecules From Schinus molle as an Inhibitor of PI3K Protein Target in Cancer Cells Using In Silico Screening. Cureus 2023; 15:e50863. [PMID: 38259388 PMCID: PMC10801101 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer continues to pose a significant challenge in medical research. Phytochemicals derived from plants have emerged as a promising avenue for pioneering drug discovery due to their potential for reduced toxicity. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has gained recognition as a pivotal signaling pathway with implications across multiple facets of cancer initiation and progression. This study focuses on the virtual screening of phytochemicals from Schinus molle, evaluating their potential as inhibitors of PI3K, a crucial target in cancer therapy. Methods and materials The present study involved a comprehensive in silico screening of phytochemicals derived from S. molle. The screening process encompassed various parameters, such as drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, molecular docking, toxicity analysis, bioavailability assessment, and molecular target exploration. The primary objective of this systematic approach was to identify potential lead compounds. The study aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the molecular properties of the phytochemicals and their potential as drug candidates. Results Upon analyzing 18 compounds, two compounds were noteworthy. Beta-spathulene and kaempferol demonstrated significant affinity for PI3K and favorable attributes concerning drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability. Conclusion While our computational investigation lays a promising foundation, it is essential to emphasize that further experimental studies, including in vitro and in vivo experiments, are imperative to validate the action of these lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Hema Priya Manivannan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Gayathri R
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Kavitha Sankaran
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD) Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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22
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Kumar R, Kumar R, Goel H, Kumar S, Ningombam SS, Haider I, Agrawal U, Deo S, Gogia A, Batra A, Sharma A, Mathur S, Ranjan A, Chopra A, Hussain S, Tanwar P. Whole exome sequencing identifies novel variants of PIK3CA and validation of hotspot mutation by droplet digital PCR in breast cancer among Indian population. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:236. [PMID: 37821962 PMCID: PMC10568783 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy with very high incidence and relatively high mortality in women. The PIK3CA gene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of breast cancer. Despite this, the mutational status of all exons except exons 9 and 20 still remains unknown. METHODS This study uses the whole exome sequencing (WES) based approach to identify somatic PIK3CA mutations in Indian BC cohorts. The resultant hotspot mutations were validated by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was applied to elucidate the conformational and functional effects of hotspot position on PIK3CA protein. RESULTS In our cohort, PIK3CA showed a 44.4% somatic mutation rate and was among the top mutated genes. The mutations of PIK3CA were confined in Exons 5, 9, 11, 18, and 20, whereas the maximum number of mutations lies within exons 9 and 20. A total of 9 variants were found in our study, of which 2 were novel mutations observed on exons 9 (p.H554L) and 11 (p.S629P). However, H1047R was the hotspot mutation at exon 20 (20%). In tumor tissues, there was a considerable difference between copy number of wild-type and H1047R mutant was detected by ddPCR. Significant structural and conformational changes were observed during MD simulation, induced due to point mutation at H1047R/L position. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a comprehensive view of novel as well as reported single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in PIK3CA gene associated with Indian breast cancer cases. The mutation status of H1047R/L could serve as a prognostic value in terms of selecting targeted therapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology & HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somorjit Singh Ningombam
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Imran Haider
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Svs Deo
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Batra
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Dr B. R. A.-Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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23
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Kuras M. Exploring the Complex and Multifaceted Interplay between Melanoma Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14403. [PMID: 37762707 PMCID: PMC10531837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer, characterized by a heterogeneous nature and high metastatic potential. The incidence of melanoma is continuously increasing worldwide, and it is one of the most common cancers in young adults. In the past twenty years, our understanding of melanoma biology has increased profoundly, and disease management for patients with disseminated disease has improved due to the emergence of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, a significant fraction of patients relapse or do not respond adequately to treatment. This can partly be explained by the complex signaling between the tumor and its microenvironment, giving rise to melanoma phenotypes with different patterns of disease progression. This review focuses on the key aspects and complex relationship between pathogenesis, genetic abnormalities, tumor microenvironment, cellular plasticity, and metabolic reprogramming in melanoma. By acquiring a deeper understanding of the multifaceted features of melanomagenesis, we can reach a point of more individualized and patient-centered disease management and reduced costs of ineffective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kuras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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24
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Muthusamy M, Ramani P, Arumugam P. Effect of Harvey Rat Sarcoma Virus Mutation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Influence on Different Populations: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45505. [PMID: 37868370 PMCID: PMC10584992 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The information for protein synthesis is given by the genes. These proteins are responsible for controlling functions like cell growth, differentiation, cell maturation, and cell death. In the case of genetic mutations, the protein functions get disturbed leading to a drastic shift in the normal physiological functions of cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation, making the normal cell cancerous. The Harvey rat sarcoma virus (HRAS) gene is an oncogene that belongs to the rat sarcoma virus (RAS) family. HRAS gene provides the instructions for making the HRAS protein that plays an important role in regulating cell division and when the HRAS gene gets mutated it gets involved in initiating cancer. HRAS mutation has been frequently noted in head and neck cancers; however, the mechanism of HRAS mutation involved in the initiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still remains unexplored. An elaborate systematic literature search was done in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. It was found that the Ras-dependent mutations affect the involved upstream and downstream components of the Ras-Raf-MAPK (rat sarcoma virus-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway deregulating the signal leading to tumorigenesis. The Ras mutation can affect the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway at different stages. The disease caused is based on the frequency of the HRAS mutation and it can lead to diverse cellular outcomes as it is mainly associated with cell division, differentiation, growth, survival, and the cell cycle. The crosstalk between the signaling pathways is controlled by the signaling molecules resulting in the creation of molecular networks. The balance of these molecular networks is very important to determine the cellular outcome. This systematic review inspects the molecular network of HRAS and its vital role in carcinogenesis. It is aimed at exploring and summarizing the contributions of the HRAS mutation involved in the pathogenesis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, IND
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25
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Zhou J, Zhao Y, An P, Zhao H, Li X, Xiong Y. Hsa_circ_0002348 regulates trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis through miR-126-3p/BAK1 axis in preeclampsia. J Transl Med 2023; 21:509. [PMID: 37507742 PMCID: PMC10375637 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs. Abnormal placenta and vascular function can lead to preeclampsia. Accumulating evidence has suggested a potential link between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and preeclampsia. As a placenta and endothelial-expressed circRNA, hsa_circ_0002348, may be promising to be the novel molecular target for preeclampsia. However, the function and mechanism of hsa_circ_0002348 in preeclampsia has not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS An overlap analysis of two circRNA profiles from placenta and endothelial cells was used to identify a functionally unknown circRNA, hsa_circ_0002348. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to detect its expression in the trophoblast cells and placental tissues. The mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced preeclampsia was established to determine the in vivo role of hsa_circ_0002348. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, western blot, gain- and loss-of-function and rescue experiments were conducted to uncover the role of hsa_circ_0002348 and its interaction with miR-126-3p and BAK1 in regulating trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to examine the expression of miR-126-3p and BAK1 in mice and human placentas, respectively. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0002348 was significantly increased in the preeclampsia placentas, and positively correlated with the severity of preeclampsia patients' clinical manifestations. Its overexpression exacerbated preeclampsia-like features in the mouse model of LPS-induced preeclampsia. Functionally, hsa_circ_0002348 was found to inhibit trophoblast proliferation and promote trophoblast apoptosis. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0002348, as an endogenous miR-126-3p sponge, upregulated the expression of BAK1. Additionally, both hsa_circ_0002348 knockdown and miR-126-3p overexpression enhanced the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circ_0002348 might be a novel regulator of trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis through miR-126-3p/BAK1 axis in preeclampsia, which may serve as a potential target for detecting and treating preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizi Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping An
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqiang Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Xiong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Lai TH, Ahmed M, Hwang JS, Bahar ME, Pham TM, Yang J, Kim W, Maulidi RF, Lee DK, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Manipulating RKIP reverses the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1189350. [PMID: 37469399 PMCID: PMC10352845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1189350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common tumor type among women, with a high fatality due to metastasis. Metastasis suppressors encode proteins that inhibit the metastatic cascade independent of the primary tumor growth. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is one of the promising metastasis suppressor candidates. RKIP is reduced or lost in aggressive variants of different types of cancer. A few pre-clinical or clinical studies have capitalized on this protein as a possible therapeutic target. In this article, we employed two breast cancer cells to highlight the role of RKIP as an antimetastatic gene. One is the low metastatic MCF-7 with high RKIP expression, and the other is MDA-MB-231 highly metastatic cell with low RKIP expression. We used high-throughput data to explore how RKIP is lost in human tissues and its effect on cell mobility. Based on our previous work recapitulating the links between RKIP and SNAI, we experimentally manipulated RKIP in the cell models through its novel upstream NME1 and investigated the subsequent genotypic and phenotypic changes. We also demonstrated that RKIP explained the uneven migration abilities of the two cell types. Furthermore, we identified the regulatory circuit that might carry the effect of an existing drug, Epirubicin, on activating gene transcription. In conclusion, we propose and test a potential strategy to reverse the metastatic capability of breast cancer cells by chemically manipulating RKIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizi Firman Maulidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Xu LS, Zheng SX, Mei LH, Yang KX, Wang YF, Zhou Q, Kong XT, Zheng MY, Jiang HL, Xie CY. 143D, a novel selective KRAS G12C inhibitor exhibits potent antitumor activity in preclinical models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1475-1486. [PMID: 36725884 PMCID: PMC10310808 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The KRASG12C mutant has emerged as an important therapeutic target in recent years. Covalent inhibitors have shown promising antitumor activity against KRASG12C-mutant cancers in the clinic. In this study, a structure-based and focused chemical library analysis was performed, which led to the identification of 143D as a novel, highly potent and selective KRASG12C inhibitor. The antitumor efficacy of 143D in vitro and in vivo was comparable with that of AMG510 and of MRTX849, two well-characterized KRASG12C inhibitors. At low nanomolar concentrations, 143D showed biochemical and cellular potency for inhibiting the effects of the KRASG12C mutation. 143D selectively inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by downregulating KRASG12C-dependent signal transduction. Compared with MRTX849, 143D exhibited a longer half-life and higher maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) values in mouse models, as determined by tissue distribution assays. Additionally, 143D crossed the blood‒brain barrier. Treatment with 143D led to the sustained inhibition of KRAS signaling and tumor regression in KRASG12C-mutant tumors. Moreover, 143D combined with EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling inhibitors showed enhanced antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that 143D may be a promising drug candidate with favorable pharmaceutical properties for the treatment of cancers harboring the KRASG12C mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Song Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Su-Xin Zheng
- Suzhou AlphaMa Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang-He Mei
- Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiang-Tai Kong
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Hua-Liang Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Xie
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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28
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Giraud JS, Bièche I, Pasmant É, Tlemsani C. NF1 alterations in cancers: therapeutic implications in precision medicine. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:941-957. [PMID: 37747491 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2263836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NF1 is a tumor suppressor gene encoding neurofibromin, an inhibitor of the RAS/MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. NF1 germline pathogenic variants cause the tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1. Targeted therapies (MEK inhibitors) have been approved for benign nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients. NF1 somatic alterations are present in ~5% of all human sporadic cancers. In melanomas, acute myeloid leukemias and lung adenocarcinomas, the NF1 somatic alteration frequency is higher (~15%). However, to date, the therapeutic impact of NF1 somatic alterations is poorly investigated. AREAS COVERED This review presents a comprehensive overview of targeted therapies and immunotherapies currently developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for NF1-altered cancer treatment. A PubMed database literature review was performed to select relevant original articles. Active clinical trials were researched in ClinicalTrials.gov database in August 2022. TCGA and HGMD® databases were consulted. EXPERT OPINION This review highlights the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of NF1-altered tumors and the development of innovative strategies to effectively target NF1-loss in human cancers. One of the current major challenges in cancer management is the targeting of tumor suppressor genes such as NF1 gene. Currently, most studies are focusing on inhibitors of the RAS/MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Stéphane Giraud
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Genetic Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Éric Pasmant
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Genetic Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Camille Tlemsani
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
- Oncology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Lyu Y, Tan B, Li L, Liang R, Lei K, Wang K, Wu D, Lin H, Wang M. A novel protein encoded by circUBE4B promotes progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by augmenting MAPK/ERK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:346. [PMID: 37264022 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant cancer. Although the non-coding roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of human tumors have been well studied, whether circRNAs participate in the progression of ESCC by encoding novel proteins remains unclear. In this study, we identified an overexpression circRNA with protein-coding ability in ESCC tissues, called circUBE4B, whose expression level is correlated with tumor size and tumor differentiation level of ESCC patients. Moreover, a higher level of circUBE4B in ESCC patients is correlated with a worse prognosis. Functionally, we found that circUBE4B promoted the proliferation of ESCC cells by encoding a novel cancer-promoting protein, circUBE4B-173aa. Mechanistically, the circUBE4B-173aa protein interacts with MAPK1 and promotes the phosphorylation level of MAPK1 to eventually activate MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The xenograft model revealed that overexpression of circUBE4B-173aa in ESCC cells significantly promoted the growth of grafts. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of circRNA in the development of ESCC and circUBE4B-173aa has the potential to serve as a biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng Lyu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghua Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duoguang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayue Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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Nasimi Shad A, Fanoodi A, Maharati A, Akhlaghipour I, Moghbeli M. Molecular mechanisms of microRNA-301a during tumor progression and metastasis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154538. [PMID: 37209575 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is known as one of the leading causes of human deaths globally. Late diagnosis is considered as one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate among cancer patients. Therefore, the introduction of early diagnostic tumor markers can improve the efficiency of therapeutic modalities. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiRNAs deregulation has been frequently reported during tumor progressions. Since, miRNAs have a high stability in body fluids; they can be used as the reliable non-invasive tumor markers. Here, we discussed the role of miR-301a during tumor progressions. MiR-301a mainly functions as an oncogene via the modulation of transcription factors, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signaling pathways. This review paves the way to suggest miR-301a as a non-invasive marker for the early tumor diagnosis. MiR-301a can also be suggested as an effective target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Fanoodi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Musheyev D, Miller E, Birnbaum N, Miller E, Erblich S, Schuck A, Alayev A. Inhibition of ERK signaling for treatment of ERRα positive TNBC. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283047. [PMID: 37163498 PMCID: PMC10171695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in particular, is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of breast cancer that does not respond to established targeted therapies and is associated with poor prognosis and worse survival. Previous studies identified a subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer patients with high expression of estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRα) that has better prognosis when treated with tamoxifen. We therefore set out to identify common targets of tamoxifen and ERRα in the context of TNBC using phosphoproteomic analysis. In this study, we discovered that phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is regulated by tamoxifen as well as ERRα. Additionally, we showed that inhibition of MAPK signaling together with the use of a selective ERRα inverse agonist, XCT-790, leads to a significant upregulation of apoptosis and paves way for the therapeutic use of MAPK inhibitors for treatment of ERRα expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musheyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Esther Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natania Birnbaum
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisheva Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Erblich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Schuck
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
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32
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Vamvoukaki R, Chrysoulaki M, Betsi G, Xekouki P. Pituitary Tumorigenesis-Implications for Management. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040812. [PMID: 37109772 PMCID: PMC10145673 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), the third most common intracranial tumor, are mostly benign. However, some of them may display a more aggressive behavior, invading into the surrounding structures. While they may rarely metastasize, they may resist different treatment modalities. Several major advances in molecular biology in the past few years led to the discovery of the possible mechanisms involved in pituitary tumorigenesis with a possible therapeutic implication. The mutations in the different proteins involved in the Gsa/protein kinase A/c AMP signaling pathway are well-known and are responsible for many PitNETS, such as somatotropinomas and, in the context of syndromes, as the McCune-Albright syndrome, Carney complex, familiar isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA), and X-linked acrogigantism (XLAG). The other pathways involved are the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, and the most recently studied HIPPO pathways. Moreover, the mutations in several other tumor suppressor genes, such as menin and CDKN1B, are responsible for the MEN1 and MEN4 syndromes and succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) in the context of the 3PAs syndrome. Furthermore, the pituitary stem cells and miRNAs hold an essential role in pituitary tumorigenesis and may represent new molecular targets for their diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to summarize the different cell signaling pathways and genes involved in pituitary tumorigenesis in an attempt to clarify their implications for diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodanthi Vamvoukaki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Chrysoulaki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Grigoria Betsi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Xekouki
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
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Guo Y, Han Y, Li Z, Ji J, Zhu T, Du Y, Dong S. A new inhibitor of human peptide deformylase suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and autophagy in cancers. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:483-494. [PMID: 36730491 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human peptide deformylase (hsPDF) has been found overexpressed in many cancer cells and its inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity. Studies were performed to validate that hsPDF is a good antitumor target. The inhibitory effect of PDF64 on hsPDF enzymatic activity was measured and confirmed by computation analysis. Antiproliferation activity was determined and in-vivo antitumor activity were analyzed in HCT116 and HL60 nude mice xenografts. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell apoptosis, and autophagic cell death were analyzed by flow cytometry. ATP level was quantified using an ATP assay kit. Protein expression and kinase phosphorylation were determined by western blotting. A new hsPDF inhibitor PDF64 was identified. It showed evident antiproliferation activity in 10 cancer cells and significantly suppressed tumor growth in HCT116 and HL60 xenografts. It induced an obvious decrease in MMP and caused apparent cell apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 and Jurkat cells. PDF64 treatment also led to an evident decrease in cellular ATP levels in these cells. Moreover, PDF64 downregulated c-Myc expression and had some effects on extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. PDF64 exhibited good antitumor effects both in vivo and in vitro . It caused cell apoptosis and autophagic death in HCT116 and Jurkat cells. The effects may be mediated by inhibiting c-Myc expression and ERK or PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Therefore, PDF64 may be a promising reagent for antitumor drug development, which further supports that hsPDF is a good antitumor drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
| | - Yuqiao Han
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
| | - Ziyan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
| | - Jiali Ji
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
| | - Yijie Du
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Suzhen Dong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
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34
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Babaei Z, Panjehpour M, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Parsian H, Khademi M, Aghaei M. VEGFR3 suppression through miR-1236 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:674-686. [PMID: 36922713 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is expressed in cancer cell lines and exerts a critical role in cancer progression. However, the signaling pathways of VEGFR3 in ovarian cancer cell proliferation remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the signaling pathways of VEGFR3 through the upregulated expression of miR-1236 in ovarian cancer cells. We found that the messenger RNA and protein of VEGFR3 were expressed in the ovarian cancer cell lines, but downregulated after microRNA-1236 (miR-1236) transfection. The inhibition of VEGFR3, using miR-1236, significantly reduced cell proliferation, clonogenic survival, migration, and invasion ability in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells (p < 0.01). The flow cytometry results indicated that the rate of apoptotic cells in SKOV3 (38.65%) and OVCAR3 (41.95%) cells increased following VEGFR3 inhibition. Moreover, VEGFR3 stimulation (using a specific ligand, VEGF-CS) significantly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation (p < 0.01), whereas VEGFR3 suppression reduced p-ERK1/2 (67.94% in SKOV3 and 93.52% in OVCAR3) and p-AKT (59.56% in SKOV3 and 78.73% in OVCAR3) compared to the VEGF-CS treated group. This finding demonstrated that miR-1236 may act as an endogenous regulator of ERK1/2 and AKT signaling by blocking the upstream regulator of VEGFR3. Overall, we demonstrated the important role of the miR-1236/VEGFR3 axis in ovarian cancer cell proliferation by regulating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling that might be an effective strategy against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Panjehpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Ghorbanhosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahsa Khademi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mechanisms of Antitumor Invasion and Metastasis of the Marine Fungal Derivative Epi-Aszonalenin A in HT1080 Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030156. [PMID: 36976205 PMCID: PMC10056024 DOI: 10.3390/md21030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epi-aszonalenin A (EAA) is an alkaloid that is isolated and purified from the secondary metabolites of coral symbiotic fungi and has been shown to have good atherosclerotic intervention activity and anti-angiogenic activity in our previous studies. In the present study, antiangiogenic activity was used as a basis of an intensive study of its mechanism of action against tumor metastasis and invasion. Invasive metastatic pairs are a hallmark of malignancy, and the dissemination of tumor cells is the most dangerous process in the development of tumors. The results of cell wound healing and the Transwell chamber assay showed that EAA interfered well with PMA-induced migration and invasion of HT1080 cells. Western blot and the ELISA assay showed that EAA decreased MMPs and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity and inhibited the expression of N-cadherin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by regulating the phosphorylation of downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways. Simultaneous molecular docking results revealed that the mimic coupling between the EAA and MMP-2/-9 molecules formed a stable interaction. The results of this study provide a research basis for the inhibition of tumor metastasis by EAA, and together with previous studies, confirm the potential pharmacology and drug potential for this class of compound for application in angiogenesis-related diseases and further improve the availability of coral symbiotic fungi.
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Gümüş M, Koca İ, Sert Y, Dişli A, Yenilmez Tunoğlu EN, Tutar L, Tutar Y. Triad pyrazole-thiazole-coumarin heterocyclic core effectively inhibit HSP and drive cancer cells to apoptosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14382-14397. [PMID: 36826447 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2181643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensive studies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is spreading rapidly around the world and has a high mortality rate, is due to the lack of adequate preventive or curative treatment methods. Treating patients with HCC has become very challenging because of the heterogeneity in the patient population lead activation of different signaling pathways, and pathway crosstalk for patients. Therefore, understanding these molecular mechanisms and combining drugs with molecular therapies to overcome these drawbacks has become an area of utmost importance. In this study, the biological activities of the designed and characterized triad Pyrazole-Thiazol-Coumarin (PTC) compounds were determined by performing cell viability, qPCR array, apoptosis and cell cycle assays. One of the compounds (PTC10) implicitly suppresses multiple pathways (RAS/MAP kinase and PI3K-AKT) simultaneously. This action is provided by (i) arresting cancer cells at G2 phase, (ii) driving cancer cells to apoptosis and (iii) inhibiting HSP network. Remarkably, HSP is an apoptotic factor and help cancer cell to survive. HSP90 also coordinates with Cdk4/Cdc37, therefore inhibiting HSP both drives cells to arrest and apoptosis. ATP hydrolysis and aggregation assay further displayed specific HSP inhibition. Therefore, PTC provides a unique drug template for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gümüş
- Akdağmadeni Health College, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Türkiye
| | - İrfan Koca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Sert
- Sorgun Vocational School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Türkiye
| | - Ali Dişli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | | | - Lütfi Tutar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Molecular Oncology Division, Health Sciences Institutes, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Personalized and Immunotherapy Applied Research Center, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Zhao X, Richardson DR. The role of the NDRG1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188871. [PMID: 36841367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. This disease is heterogeneous, with clinical subtypes being estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) positive, having human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, or being triple-negative for ER-α, progesterone receptor, and HER2 (TNBC). The ER-α positive and HER2 overexpressing tumors can be treated with agents targeting these proteins, including tamoxifen and pertuzumab, respectively. Despite these treatments, resistance and metastasis are problematic, while TNBC is challenging to treat due to the lack of suitable targets. Many studies examining BC and other tumors indicate a role for N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) as a metastasis suppressor. The ability of NDRG1 to inhibit metastasis is due, in part, to the inhibition of the initial step in metastasis, namely the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Paradoxically, there are also reports of NDRG1 playing a pro-oncogenic role in BC pathogenesis. The oncogenic effects of NDRG1 in BC have been reported to relate to lipid metabolism or the mTOR signaling pathway. The molecular mechanism(s) of how NDRG1 regulates the activity of multiple signaling pathways remains unclear. Therapeutic strategies that up-regulate NDRG1 have been developed and include agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone class. These compounds target oncogenic drivers in BC cells, suppressing the expression of multiple key hormone receptors including ER-α, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and prolactin receptor, and can also overcome tamoxifen resistance. Considering the varying role of NDRG1 in BC pathogenesis, further studies are required to examine what subset of BC patients would benefit from pharmacopeia that up-regulate NDRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Alves CL, Ditzel HJ. Drugging the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in ER+ Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4522. [PMID: 36901954 PMCID: PMC10003259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its crucial role in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer tumorigenesis and drug resistance has made it a highly attractive therapeutic target in this breast cancer subtype. Consequently, the number of new inhibitors in clinical development targeting this pathway has drastically increased. Among these, the PIK3CA isoform-specific inhibitor alpelisib and the pan-AKT inhibitor capivasertib were recently approved in combination with the estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant for the treatment of ER+ advanced breast cancer after progression on an aromatase inhibitor. Nevertheless, the clinical development of multiple inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, in parallel with the incorporation of CDK4/6 inhibitors into the standard of care treatment in ER+ advanced breast cancer, has led to a multitude of available therapeutic agents and many possible combined strategies which complicate personalizing treatment. Here, we review the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ER+ advanced breast cancer, highlighting the genomic contexts in which the various inhibitors of this pathway may have superior activity. We also discuss selected trials with agents targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and related pathways as well as the rationale supporting the clinical development of triple combination therapy targeting ER, CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR in ER+ advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L. Alves
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Co-dependent regulation of p-BRAF and potassium channel KCNMA1 levels drives glioma progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:61. [PMID: 36763212 PMCID: PMC9918570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAF mutations have been found in gliomas which exhibit abnormal electrophysiological activities, implying their potential links with the ion channel functions. In this study, we identified the Drosophila potassium channel, Slowpoke (Slo), the ortholog of human KCNMA1, as a critical factor involved in dRafGOF glioma progression. Slo was upregulated in dRafGOF glioma. Knockdown of slo led to decreases in dRafGOF levels, glioma cell proliferation, and tumor-related phenotypes. Overexpression of slo in glial cells elevated dRaf expression and promoted cell proliferation. Similar mutual regulations of p-BRAF and KCNMA1 levels were then recapitulated in human glioma cells with the BRAF mutation. Elevated p-BRAF and KCNMA1 were also observed in HEK293T cells upon the treatment of 20 mM KCl, which causes membrane depolarization. Knockdown KCNMA1 in these cells led to a further decrease in cell viability. Based on these results, we conclude that the levels of p-BRAF and KCNMA1 are co-dependent and mutually regulated. We propose that, in depolarized glioma cells with BRAF mutations, high KCNMA1 levels act to repolarize membrane potential and facilitate cell growth. Our study provides a new strategy to antagonize the progression of gliomas as induced by BRAF mutations.
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Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy or combined with other small molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e6. [PMID: 36691778 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal female reproductive system tumour. Despite the great advances in surgery and systemic chemotherapy over the past two decades, almost all patients in stages III and IV relapse and develop resistance to chemotherapy after first-line treatment. Ovarian cancer has an extraordinarily complex immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in which immune checkpoints negatively regulate T cells activation and weaken antitumour immune responses by delivering immunosuppressive signals. Therefore, inhibition of immune checkpoints can break down the state of immunosuppression. Indeed, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of many solid tumours. However, ICIs have yielded modest benefits in ovarian cancer. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic basis of the immune checkpoints is needed to improve the efficacy of ICIs in ovarian cancer. In this review, we systematically introduce the mechanisms and expression of immune checkpoints in ovarian cancer. Moreover, this review summarises recent updates regarding ICI monotherapy or combined with other small-molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer.
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Lee J, Han JH, Lee CH, Park HS, Min SK, Lee H, Cho U, Yoon SE, Kim SJ, Kim WS, Cho J. Comparison of histological and molecular features of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:849-858. [PMID: 36656392 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma are pediatric B cell lymphomas with similar clinical characteristics but distinct histological features. We investigated the differences between pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma by comparing their histological and molecular characteristics. A total of 5 pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and 11 pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma patients were included in the study. In the histological review, 5 of the 16 cases showed overlapping morphological features of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma; hence, they were reclassified as "mixed type." In molecular analysis, using panel-based massively parallel sequencing, MAP2K1, TNFRSF14, and IRF8 mutations were found in 6, 3, and 2 of the 11 pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma patients, respectively, and IRF8 mutation was found in one of the five pediatric-type follicular lymphoma patients. There were no significant differences in genetic alterations established from the histologically reclassified diagnosis as well as the initial diagnosis. Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma showed morphological overlap in some cases, and no difference between the two was found upon molecular analysis. These findings suggest the possibility that pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma are single entity pediatric B-cell lymphoma with broad morphological spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Kee Min
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hojung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Uiju Cho
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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Li Q, Tie Y, Alu A, Ma X, Shi H. Targeted therapy for head and neck cancer: signaling pathways and clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:31. [PMID: 36646686 PMCID: PMC9842704 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is malignant, genetically complex and difficult to treat and is the sixth most frequent cancer, with tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus being major risk factors. Based on epigenetic data, HNC is remarkably heterogeneous, and treatment remains challenging. There is a lack of significant improvement in survival and quality of life in patients with HNC. Over half of HNC patients experience locoregional recurrence or distal metastasis despite the current multiple traditional therapeutic strategies and immunotherapy. In addition, resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some targeted therapies is common. Therefore, it is urgent to explore more effective and tolerable targeted therapies to improve the clinical outcomes of HNC patients. Recent targeted therapy studies have focused on identifying promising biomarkers and developing more effective targeted therapies. A well understanding of the pathogenesis of HNC contributes to learning more about its inner association, which provides novel insight into the development of small molecule inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the vital signaling pathways and discussed the current potential therapeutic targets against critical molecules in HNC, as well as presenting preclinical animal models and ongoing or completed clinical studies about targeted therapy, which may contribute to a more favorable prognosis of HNC. Targeted therapy in combination with other therapies and its limitations were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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43
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Go KO, Kim YZ. Brain Invasion and Trends in Molecular Research on Meningioma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2023; 11:47-58. [PMID: 36762808 PMCID: PMC9911709 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. The treatment of non-benign meningiomas remains a challenging task, and after the publication of the 2021 World Health Organization classification, the importance of molecular biological classification is emerging. In this article, we introduce the mechanisms of brain invasion in atypical meningioma and review the genetic factors involved along with epigenetic regulation. First, it is important to understand the three major steps for brain invasion of meningeal cells: 1) degradation of extracellular matrix by proteases, 2) promotion of tumor cell migration to resident cells by adhesion molecules, and 3) neovascularization and supporting cells by growth factors. Second, the genomic landscape of meningiomas should be analyzed by major categories, such as germline mutations in NF2 and somatic mutations in non-NF2 genes (TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, SMO, and POLR2A). Finally, epigenetic alterations in meningiomas are being studied, with a focus on DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Increasing knowledge of the molecular landscape of meningiomas has allowed the identification of prognostic and predictive markers that can guide therapeutic decision-making processes and the timing of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-O Go
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Zoon Kim
- Division of Neuro Oncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Ali S, Ali U, Qamar A, Zafar I, Yaqoob M, Ain QU, Rashid S, Sharma R, Nafidi HA, Bin Jardan YA, Bourhia M. Predicting the effects of rare genetic variants on oncogenic signaling pathways: A computational analysis of HRAS protein function. Front Chem 2023; 11:1173624. [PMID: 37153521 PMCID: PMC10160440 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1173624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The HRAS gene plays a crucial role in regulating essential cellular processes for life, and this gene's misregulation is linked to the development of various types of cancers. Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) within the coding region of HRAS can cause detrimental mutations that disrupt wild-type protein function. In the current investigation, we have employed in-silico methodologies to anticipate the consequences of infrequent genetic variations on the functional properties of the HRAS protein. We have discovered a total of 50 nsSNPs, of which 23 were located in the exon region of the HRAS gene and denoting that they were expected to cause harm or be deleterious. Out of these 23, 10 nsSNPs ([G60V], [G60D], [R123P], [D38H], [I46T], [G115R], [R123G], [P11OL], [A59L], and [G13R]) were identified as having the most delterious effect based on results of SIFT analysis and PolyPhen2 scores ranging from 0.53 to 69. The DDG values -3.21 kcal/mol to 0.87 kcal/mol represent the free energy change associated with protein stability upon mutation. Interestingly, we identified that the three mutations (Y4C, T58I, and Y12E) were found to improve the structural stability of the protein. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the structural and dynamic effects of HRAS mutations. Our results showed that the stable model of HRAS had a significantly lower energy value of -18756 kj/mol compared to the initial model of -108915 kj/mol. The RMSD value for the wild-type complex was 4.40 Å, and the binding energies for the G60V, G60D, and D38H mutants were -107.09 kcal/mol, -109.42 kcal/mol, and -107.18 kcal/mol, respectively as compared to wild-type HRAS protein had -105.85 kcal/mol. The result of our investigation presents convincing corroboration for the potential functional significance of nsSNPs in augmenting HRAS expression and adding to the activation of malignant oncogenic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaqat Ali
- Medical Department, DHQ Hospital Bhawalnagr, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Adeem Qamar
- Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Zafar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- Department of Life Sciences, ARID University-Barani Institute of Sciences Burewala Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qurat ul Ain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Bourhia, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Bourhia, ; Rohit Sharma,
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p90RSK Regulates p53 Pathway by MDM2 Phosphorylation in Thyroid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010121. [PMID: 36612117 PMCID: PMC9817759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of the tumor suppressor p53 is controlled by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 with a regulatory feedback loop, which allows p53 to upregulate its inhibitor MDM2. In this manuscript we demonstrated that p90RSK binds and phosphorylates MDM2 on serine 166 both in vitro and in vivo by kinase assay, immunoblot, and co-immunoprecipitation assay; this phosphorylation increases the stability of MDM2 which in turn binds p53, ubiquitinating it and promoting its degradation by proteasome. A pharmacological inhibitor of p90RSK, BI-D1870, decreases MDM2 phosphorylation, and restores p53 function, which in turn transcriptionally increases the expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21 and of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and downregulates the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, causing a block of cell proliferation, measured by a BrdU assay and growth curve, and promoting apoptosis, measured by a TUNEL assay. Finally, an immunohistochemistry evaluation of primary thyroid tumors, in which p90RSK is very active, confirms MDM2 stabilization mediated by p90RSK phosphorylation.
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Pancreatic Cancer: Beyond Brca Mutations. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122076. [PMID: 36556296 PMCID: PMC9787452 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer remain unsatisfactory. In the current review, we summarize the genetic and epigenetic architecture of metastatic pancreatic cancer beyond the BRCA mutations, focusing on the genetic alterations and the molecular pathology in pancreatic cancer. This review focuses on the molecular targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, with a correlation to future treatments. The potential approach addressed in this review may lead to the identification of a subset of patients with specific biological behaviors and treatment responses.
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Mechanisms of Resistance in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246114. [PMID: 36551599 PMCID: PMC9776394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), although curable when localized, frequently metastasize and require management with systemic therapies, including somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radiotherapy, small-molecule targeted therapies, and chemotherapy. Although effective for disease control, these therapies eventually fail as a result of primary or secondary resistance. For small-molecule targeted therapies, the feedback activation of the targeted signaling pathways and activation of alternative pathways are prominent mechanisms, whereas the acquisition of additional genetic alterations only rarely occurs. For somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted therapy, the heterogeneity of tumor SSTR expression and dedifferentiation with a downregulated expression of SSTR likely predominate. Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and stromal constituents contribute to resistance to all modalities. Current studies on mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance and options for management in human GEP-NETs are scant; however, preclinical and early-phase human studies have suggested that combination therapy targeting multiple pathways or novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors with broader kinase inhibition may be promising.
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Investigation into the Use of Encorafenib to Develop Potential PROTACs Directed against BRAF V600E Protein. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238513. [PMID: 36500607 PMCID: PMC9736157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BRAF is a serine/threonine kinase frequently mutated in human cancers. BRAFV600E mutated protein is targeted through the use of kinase inhibitors which are approved for the treatment of melanoma; however, their long-term efficacy is hampered by resistance mechanisms. The PROTAC-induced degradation of BRAFV600E has been proposed as an alternative strategy to avoid the onset of resistance. In this study, we designed a series of compounds where the BRAF kinase inhibitor encorafenib was conjugated to pomalidomide through different linkers. The synthesized compounds maintained their ability to inhibit the kinase activity of mutated BRAF with IC50 values in the 40-88 nM range. Selected compounds inhibited BRAFV600E signaling and cellular proliferation of A375 and Colo205 tumor cell lines. Compounds 10 and 11, the most active of the series, were not able to induce degradation of mutated BRAF. Docking and molecular dynamic studies, conducted in comparison with the efficient BRAF degrader P5B, suggest that a different orientation of the linker bearing the pomalidomide substructure, together with a decreased mobility of the solvent-exposed part of the conjugates, could explain this behavior.
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Hell T, Dobrzyński M, Gröflin F, Reinhardt JK, Dürr L, Pertz O, Hamburger M, Garo E. Flavonoids from Ericameria nauseosa inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway in human melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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50
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Gao L, Xiong DD, Yang X, Li JD, He RQ, Huang ZG, Lai ZF, Liu LM, Luo JY, Du XF, Zeng JH, Li MF, Li SH, Dang YW, Chen G. The expression characteristics and clinical significance of ACP6, a potential target of nitidine chloride, in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1244. [PMID: 36456931 PMCID: PMC9714191 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6) is a mitochondrial lipid phosphate phosphatase that played a role in regulating lipid metabolism and there is still blank in the clinico-pathological significance and functional roles of ACP6 in human cancers. No investigations have been conducted on ACP6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to date. METHODS Herein, we appraised the clinico-pathological significance of ACP6 in HCC via organizing expression profiles from globally multi-center microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The molecular basis of ACP6 in HCC was explored through multidimensional analysis. We also carried out in vitro and in vivo experiment on nude mice to investigate the effect of knocking down ACP6 expression on biological functions of HCC cells, and to evaluate the expression variance of ACP6 in xenograft of HCC tissues before and after the treatment of NC. RESULTS ACP6 displayed significant overexpression in HCC samples (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.83) and up-regulated ACP6 performed well in screening HCC samples from non-cancer liver samples. ACP6 expression was also remarkably correlated with clinical progression and worse overall survival of HCC patients. There were close links between ACP6 expression and immune cells including B cells, CD8 + T cells and naive CD4 + T cells. Co-expressed genes of ACP6 mainly participated in pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, glucocorticoid receptor pathway and NABA proteoglycans. The proliferation and migration rate of HCC cells transfected with ACP6 siRNA was significantly suppressed compared with those transfected with negative control siRNA. ACP6 expression was significantly inhibited by nitidine chloride (NC) in xenograft HCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS ACP6 expression may serve as novel clinical biomarker indicating the clinical development of HCC and ACP6 might be potential target of anti-cancer effect by NC in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Xiong
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Yang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Di Li
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Feng Lai
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.71 Hedi Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Liu
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, No.22 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yuan Luo
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fang Du
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zeng
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Nanning Second People’s Hospital, No. 13 Dancun Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Fen Li
- grid.411863.90000 0001 0067 3588Laboratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hua Li
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- grid.412594.f0000 0004 1757 2961Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Rd, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021 People’s Republic of China
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