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Beier M, Schoene D, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Uder M, Kemmler W. Non-Athletic Cohorts Enrolled in Longitudinal Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Trials-An Evidence Map. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:972. [PMID: 38339689 PMCID: PMC10857049 DOI: 10.3390/s24030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) can be considered as a time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology that attracts a wide range of users. The present evidence map aims to provide an overview of different non-athletic cohorts addressed in WB-EMS research. Based on a comprehensive systematic search according to PRISMA, eighty-six eligible longitudinal trials were identified that correspond with our eligibility criteria. In summary, WB-EMS research sufficiently covers all adult age categories in males and females. Most cohorts addressed (58%) were predominately or exclusively overweight/obese, and in about 60% of them, diseases or conditions were inclusion criteria for the trials. Cohorts specifically enrolled in WB-EMS trials suffer from cancer/neoplasm (n = 7), obesity (n = 6), diabetes mellitus (n = 5), metabolic syndrome (n = 2), nervous system diseases (n = 2), chronic heart failure (n = 4), stroke (n = 1), peripheral arterial diseases (n = 2), knee arthrosis (n = 1), sarcopenia (n = 3), chronic unspecific low back pain (n = 4), and osteopenia (n = 3). Chronic kidney disease was an eligibility criterion in five WB-EMS trials. Finally, three studies included only critically ill patients, and two further studies considered frailty as an inclusion criterion. Of importance, no adverse effects of the WB-EMS intervention were reported. In summary, the evidence gaps in WB-EMS research were particular evident for cohorts with diseases of the nervous and cerebrovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beier
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Salhi A, Ouerghi N, Zouhal H, Baaziz M, Salhi A, Ben Salah FZ, Ben Abderrahman A. The Effect of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Program on Physical Performance and Selected Cardiometabolic Markers in Obese Young Females. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:230. [PMID: 38399518 PMCID: PMC10890563 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Whole-body electromyostimulation is under investigation as a potential aid for obesity-related health problems, supplementing a comprehensive, evidence-based obesity management strategy that includes lifestyle, diet, and exercise. The study investigated the impact of a whole-body electromyostimulation training program on physical performance and cardiometabolic markers in young obese females. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight obese females, aged over 18 years with BMI over 30 and body fat over 28% and no underlying health conditions or medication, were divided into a whole-body electromyostimulation group (15 participants) and a control group (13 participants). The whole-body electromyostimulation program lasted 12 weeks, with two 20 min sessions weekly, using bipolar, rectangular current. Assessments pre and post intervention included body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, C-reactive protein levels, maximal oxygen consumption, and jumping and sprint performance. Two-way ANOVA and t-tests were used for analysis. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant (group × time) interactions for body composition, systolic blood pressure, maximal oxygen consumption, jumping and sprint performance, and plasma levels of lipids and C-reactive protein. Post hoc analyses for the whole-body electromyostimulation group indicated improvements in body composition indices (p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.003), maximal oxygen consumption (p = 0.010), and both jumping and 30 m sprint performance (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) after the intervention. Furthermore, plasma levels of lipids (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.002) showed significant improvements following the training program. In contrast, no significant changes were observed for these variables in the control group. Conclusions: A 12-week whole-body electromyostimulation program significantly improved body composition (skeletal muscle mass, body mass index, body fat, and waist circumference), physical performance (maximal oxygen consumption, jumping and sprint performance), and certain cardiometabolic (plasma level of lipids) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) in obese young women. Further research is needed to explore the broader effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on physical and cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Salhi
- Department of Medicine Physical and Functional Rehabilitation, National Institute of Orthopedics "M.T. Kassab", Tunis 2010, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR13JS01, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)-EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France
| | - Mohamed Baaziz
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) LR09SEP01, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Amine Salhi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Rabta Hospital, LR99ES11, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Zohra Ben Salah
- Department of Medicine Physical and Functional Rehabilitation, National Institute of Orthopedics "M.T. Kassab", Tunis 2010, Tunisia
| | - Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS) LR09SEP01, Tunis 2010, Tunisia
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Buonsenso A, Centorbi M, Di Martino G, Della Valle C, Di Claudio G, Di Fonza D, Di Zazzo E, Calcagno G, di Cagno A, Fiorilli G. Acute Effects of Combining Whole-Body Electromyostimulation with Resistance Training in Active Women. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 38249087 PMCID: PMC10801553 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Strength training elicits benefits both in performance and on a psychological level in women, such as increased muscle strength and improved self-esteem. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a training strategy for enhancing muscular strength. The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of a single session of WB-EMS superimposed over classic resistance training on isometric strength, endurance strength and flexibility. Furthermore, the safety of the protocol was assessed by monitoring the levels of creatine kinase (CK) 48 h after the training protocol was completed. Sixteen active women (aged 22.06 ± 1.88) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) (n = 8) and a control group (CG) (n = 8). The EG performed four sets of 12 repetitions of three strength exercises with superimposed WB-EMS, while the CG performed the same protocol without WB-EMS. RM-ANOVA showed a significant time*group interaction on posterior kinetic chain extensors' mean and peak strength in the EG (F(1,14) = 10.036; p = 0.007; and F(1,14) = 20.719; p < 0.001; respectively). A significant time*group interaction was found in the sit and reach test for the EG (F(1,14) = 10.362; p = 0.006). Finally, ANOVA performed on the CK levels showed no significant difference between the groups (F(1,14) = 0.715; p = 0.412). WB-EMS training led to an immediate improvement in strength performance and flexibility, and this protocol was shown to be safe in terms of CK levels, 48 h after completing the training protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Buonsenso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Marco Centorbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Carlo Della Valle
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Gloria Di Claudio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Domenico Di Fonza
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.B.); (M.C.); (G.D.M.); (C.D.V.); (G.D.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.D.Z.); (G.C.); (G.F.)
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Krause A, da Mota de Moreira I, Walser N, Memmert D, Ritzmann R. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Impacts Physiological Responses During Aerobic Running: A Randomized Trial. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:1133-1140. [PMID: 36624960 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2120949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the physiological and metabolic responses to running with whole-body electromyostimulation (wbEMS) compared to running without electromyostimulation (control, CG). Methods: Twenty healthy participants (9 male/11 female, age 42 ±7 years) conducted an incremental step test with respiratory gas analysis until exhaustion. Trials were conducted as wbEMS and CG in a random order. As outcome measures, (A) objective total exhaustion, (B) athletic responses (max. time and velocity) and (C) physiological and metabolic responses (V'O2/ kg, V'E, EE, RER, lactate) were compared. (D) The impact on the skeletal muscle was assessed prior, 48 h & 72 h after trial. Results: During both trials, participants (A) ran until total exhaustion. Nonetheless, (B) time and velocity till exhaustion as well as (C) RER prior to the first lactate threshold and V'E were reduced with wbEMS. All other correlates did not differ significantly between wbEMS and CG. Following 48 h and 72 h after the trial with wbEMS, (D) the impact on the skeletal muscle was 7- to 9-fold higher compared to baseline values. Values differed significantly to those after running without wbEMS. Conclusion: With the additional stimulation during voluntary activation, wbEMS induces earlier fatigue and a shift in energy metabolism toward fat utilization. Even during aerobic endurance tasks, a great impact on the skeletal muscle indicated by the rise in CK could be observed which promotes wbEMS as an alternative training stimulus that is easy-to-apply and effective during endurance training.
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Krause A, Walser N, Centner C, Memmert D, da Mota de Moreia I, Ritzmann R. Running with whole-body electromyostimulation improves physiological determinants of endurance performance - a randomized control trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:126. [PMID: 37794506 PMCID: PMC10548652 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and metabolic adaptations to an eight-week running intervention with whole-body electromyostimulation (wbEMS) compared to running without wbEMS. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), 59 healthy participants (32 female/ 27 male, 41 ± 7 years, rel.V̇O2max 40.2 ± 7.4 ml/min/kg) ran twice weekly à 20 min for eight weeks either with a wbEMS suit (EG) or without wbEMS (control group, CG). Before and after the intervention, (i) rel.V̇O2max, heart rate and time to exhaustion were recorded with an incremental step test with an incremental rate of 1.20 km/h every 3 min. They were interpreted at aerobic and (indirect) anaerobic lactate thresholds as well as at maximum performance. (ii) Resting metabolic rate (RQ) as well as (iii) body composition (%fat) were assessed. RESULTS Following the intervention, V̇O2max was significantly enhanced for both groups (EG ∆13 ± 3%, CG ∆9 ± 3%). Velocity was elevated at lactate thresholds and maximum running speed (EG ∆3 ± 1%, CG ∆2 ± 1%); HRmax was slightly reduced by -1 beat/min. No significant changes were observed for time until exhaustion and lactate. RQ was significantly enhanced following both trainings by + 7%. %fat was reduced for both groups (EG ∆-11 ± 3%, CG ∆-16 ± 5%), without any changes in body mass. Results did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS Both interventions had a positive impact on aerobic power. The rightward shift of the time-velocity graph points towards improved endurance performance. The effects of wbEMS are comparable to those after high-intensity training and might offer a time-efficient alternative to affect physiological and metabolic effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, ID DRKS00026827, date 10/26/21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Krause
- Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Centner
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, Muttenz, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport and Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivo da Mota de Moreia
- Institute of Training and Computer Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramona Ritzmann
- Institute of Sport and Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Maffiuletti NA, Dirks ML, Stevens-Lapsley J, McNeil CJ. Electrical stimulation for investigating and improving neuromuscular function in vivo: Historical perspective and major advances. J Biomech 2023; 152:111582. [PMID: 37088030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
This historical review summarizes the major advances - particularly from the last 50 years - in transcutaneous motor-level electrical stimulation, which can be used either as a tool to investigate neuromuscular function and its determinants (electrical stimulation for testing; EST) or as a therapeutic/training modality to improve neuromuscular and physical function (neuromuscular electrical stimulation; NMES). We focus on some of the most important applications of electrical stimulation in research and clinical settings, such as the investigation of acute changes, chronic adaptations and pathological alterations of neuromuscular function with EST, as well as the enhancement, preservation and restoration of muscle strength and mass with NMES treatment programs in various populations. For both EST and NMES, several major advances converge around understanding and optimizing motor unit recruitment during electrically-evoked contractions, also taking into account the influence of stimulation site (e.g., muscle belly vs nerve trunk) and type (e.g., pulse duration, frequency, and intensity). This information is equally important both in the context of mechanistic research of neuromuscular function as well as for clinicians who believe that improvements in neuromuscular function are required to provide health-related benefits to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlou L Dirks
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chris J McNeil
- Integrated Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
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Rodrigues-Santana L, Hugo L, Pérez-Gómez J, Hernández-Mocholí MA, Carlos-Vivas J, Saldaña-Cortés P, Contreras-Barraza N, Adsuar JC. The effects of whole-body muscle stimulation on body composition and strength parameters: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32668. [PMID: 36827042 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy of whole-body muscle electrostimulation on body composition, strength, and muscle power in active and non-active adults (aged ≥18 years). METHOD This review was reported in accordance with the Protocol Statement of Preferred Reporting Element Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis included controlled trials; whole-body electromyostimulation trials with at least 1 exercise and control group; participants >18 years old. Outcome measures were defined as standardized mean differences for muscle mass, body fat mass, strength, and power. Studies were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and EMBASE for all articles published up to July 30, 2021. The risk of bias was assessed by 2 independent researchers using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. Analyses were performed using the metafor package of the statistical software R (version 4.0.3; R Core Team, 2020). Random effects models, forest, and funnel plots to quantify the asymmetry associated with publication bias were fitted using the metafor library in R. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. RESULTS In total, 26 studies representing 1183 participants were included (WB-electromyostimulation: n = 586 and control group: n = 597). The mean age of the participants ranged from a minimum of 20.4 to a maximum of 77.4 years old. Interventions lasted a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 54 weeks. Standardized mean difference was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16-0.57) for muscle mass, -0.38 (95% CI: -0.62-0.15) for body fat, 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35-0.72) for strength, and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.02-0.71) for power with significant differences between groups (all P < .04). I2 revealed low heterogeneity of muscle mass (15%) and power (0%) between trials and medium heterogeneity of body fat (45%) and strength (55%). CONCLUSION We concluded that WB-electromyostimulation has significant positive effects on muscle mass, body fat, strength, and power.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louro Hugo
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Research Center in Sport Science, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Health, Economy, Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - José C Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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di Cagno A, Buonsenso A, Centorbi M, Manni L, Di Costanzo A, Casazza G, Parisi A, Guerra G, Calcagno G, Iuliano E, Soligo M, Fiorilli G. Whole body-electromyostimulation effects on serum biomarkers, physical performances and fatigue in Parkinson's patients: A randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1086487. [PMID: 36845654 PMCID: PMC9949720 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1086487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) was never previously applied to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This randomized controlled study aimed to find the most effective and safe WB-EMS training protocol for this population. Methods Twenty-four subjects (age: 72.13 ± 6.20 years), were randomly assigned to three groups: a high-frequency WB-EMS strength training group (HFG) (rectangular stimulation at 85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s stimulation/4 s rest), a low-frequency WB-EMS aerobic training group (LFG) (rectangular stimulation 7 Hz, 350 μs, with a continuous pulse duration), and an inactive control group (CG). Participants of the two experimental groups underwent 24 controlled WB-EMS training sessions, with a duration of 20 min each, during 12-week intervention. Serum growth factors (BDNF, FGF-21, NGF and proNGF), α-synuclein, physical performance and Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) responses were analyzed to evaluate the pre-post variation and differences among groups. Results Significant interactions of Time*Groups were detected for BDNF (Time*Groups p = 0.024; Time*CG, b = -628, IC95% = -1,082/-174, p = 0.008), FGF-21 (Time*Groups p = 0.009; Time*LFG b = 1,346, IC95% = 423/2268, p = 0.005), and α-synuclein (Time*Groups p = 0.019; Time*LFG b = -1,572, IC95% = -2,952/-192, p = 0.026). Post hoc analyses and comparisons of ΔS (post-pre), performed independently for each group, showed that LFG increased serum BDNF levels (+ 203 pg/ml) and decreased α-synuclein levels (-1,703 pg/ml), while HFG showed the opposite effects (BDNF: -500 pg/ml; α-synuclein: + 1,413 pg/ml). CG showed a significant BDNF reduction over time. Both LFG and HFG showed significant improvements in several physical performance outcomes and the LFG showed better results than HFG. Concerning PFS-16, significant differences over time (b = -0.4, IC95% = -0.8/-0.0, p = 0.046) and among groups (among all groups p < 0.001) were found, and the LFG exhibited better results than the HFG (b = -1.0, IC95% = -1.3/-0.7, p < 0.001), and CG (b = -1.7, IC95% = -2.0/-1.4, p < 0.001) with this last one that worsened over time. Conclusion LFG training was the best choice for improving or maintaining physical performance, fatigue perception and variation in serum biomarkers. Clinical trial registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04878679, identifier NCT04878679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Buonsenso
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marco Centorbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Cellular Biology and Neurobiology Institute (CNR), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giusy Casazza
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Enzo Iuliano
- Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy,*Correspondence: Enzo Iuliano,
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Cellular Biology and Neurobiology Institute (CNR), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy,Marzia Soligo,
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Kim J, Park J, Yang J, Kim Y, Kim I, Shim H, Jang C, Kim M, Kim M, Lee B. Effects of 8-Week Electromyostimulation Training on Upper-Limb Muscle Activity and Respiratory Gas Analysis in Athletes with Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:299. [PMID: 36612622 PMCID: PMC9819487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at verifying the efficacy of EMS training by investigating the changes in upper-limb muscle functions and energy expenditure in athletes with disabilities after an 8-week intervention of EMS training. We compared variations in muscle activity, respiratory gas, and symmetry index (SI) after an 8-week intervention in eight professional male athletes with disabilities wearing an electromyostimulation (EMS) suit (age: 42.00 ± 8.67 years, height: 1.65 ± 0.16 m, weight: 64.00 ± 8.72 kg, career length: 11.75 ± 3.83 years). For EMS training, each participant wore an EMS suit. EMS was applied to the upper-limb muscles pectoralis major and triceps at 40 °C water temperature, with a 25 Hz frequency (duty cycle 10%) for 15 min, followed by a 5 Hz frequency (duty cycle 5%) for 5 min. The pre- and post-intervention measurements were taken in the same way at a pre-set time (for 1 h, twice a week) for 8 weeks. Training involved a seated chest press, and the muscle activity (pectoralis major, triceps, and antebrachial muscles), upper-limb SI, and respiratory gas variables (maximal oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), metabolic equivalents (METs), and energy expenditure per min (Energy expended per minute; EEm)) were analyzed. Variations pre- and post-intervention across the measured variables were analyzed. Regarding the change in muscle activity, significant variations were found in the pectoralis major right (p < 0.004), pectoralis major left (p < 0.001), triceps right (p < 0.002), and antebrachial right (p < 0.001). Regarding left-to-right SI, a positive change was detected in the pectoralis major and triceps muscles. Additionally, respiratory gas analysis indicated significant variations in VO2 (p < 0.001), VCO2 (p < 0.001), METs (p < 0.001), and EEm (p < 0.001). EMS training improved muscle strength and respiratory gas variables and is predicted to contribute to enhanced muscle function and rehabilitation training for athletes with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbin Kim
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Park
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongok Yang
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhyung Kim
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Himchan Shim
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Jang
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Kim
- Independent Researcher, Busan 48316, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bomjin Lee
- Division of Kinesiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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Fernández-Elías VE, Tobía D, Recarey A, Fernández Á, Clemente-Suárez VJ, Burgos-Postigo S. Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation during a Single Maximal Strength Training Session. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13753. [PMID: 36360629 PMCID: PMC9657354 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is effective in improving training adaptation. However, WB-EMS may have side effects and contraindications that can lead to excessive muscle damage and physiological impairment. This randomized crossover study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WB-EMS on muscle damage, autonomic modulation and performance during a single maximal strength session in physically active participants. Twenty healthy and physically active participants randomly performed three maximal strength training sessions (90% 1RM) consisting of bench presses and squat exercises, with a continuous stimulus, a coordinated stimulus with concentric and eccentric phases, and without WB-EMS. Data showed no significant differences between the trials for muscle damage (blood creatine kinase levels), lactate blood levels and performance after exercise. Likewise, the heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and the rate of perceived exertion were similar during exercise between trials. The heart rate variability analysis also showed a similar autonomic response among the trials. Training with WB-EMS seemed to be safe at the observed time intervals while offering a stimulus similar to regular training in physically active participants, regardless of the delivery of the electrical stimuli. More studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of WB-EMS in improving exercise adaptations during training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Tobía
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Anel Recarey
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080007, Colombia
| | - Silvia Burgos-Postigo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Whole Body Electromyostimulation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081205. [PMID: 36009832 PMCID: PMC9405447 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This work consists of a review with bibliometric analysis on WB-EMS. One hundred and two articles were analyzed in the period from 2010 to 2022 to find out which country, author and institutions produce the most knowledge on this topic. The results of this work are important to know to determine publication growth trend as well as the most relevant clusters and authors. Abstract Whole Body Electromyostimulation [WB-EMS] is a training methodology that applies electrostimulation in the main muscle groups of the human body superimposed with active training exercises. This study aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis on WB-EMS to provide an overview of the state of research and provide new insights for research in the field. Method: One hundred and two citations extracted were examined using a bibliometric approach based on data stored in the Web of Science Core Collection, applying traditional bibliometric laws, and using VOSviewer and excel for data and metadata processing. Results: Among the results, this study points out that Germany is the country that produces more scientific knowledge on WB-EMS. Wolfgang Kemmler is the most relevant author in this field. Moreover, Frontier of Physiology is the journal where the authors publish the most. Conclusion: Research on WB-EMS has been growing in recent years. German and Spanish researchers lead two clusters where most studies and collaborations in this field are carried out. These findings will provide a better understanding of the state of WB-EMS research and may guide the emergence of new lines of investigation and research ideas.
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12
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New Trend of Physical Activity and Exercise for Health Promotion and Functional Ability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137939. [PMID: 35805597 PMCID: PMC9265872 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bloeckl J, Raps S, Weineck M, Kob R, Bertsch T, Kemmler W, Schoene D. Feasibility and Safety of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation in Frail Older People—A Pilot Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856681. [PMID: 35812334 PMCID: PMC9263209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) induces high-intense stimuli to skeletal muscles with low strain on joints and the autonomic nervous system and may thus be suitable for frail, older people. However, if trained at very high intensities, WB-EMS may damage muscles and kidneys (rhabdomyolysis). This study aimed at investigating the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of WB-EMS in frail, older people. Seven frail (81.3 ± 3.5 years), 11 robust (79.5 ± 3.6 years), 10 young (29.1 ± 6.4 years) participants completed an eight-week WB-EMS training (week 1–4: 1x/week; week 5–8: 1.5x/week) consisting of functional exercises addressing lower extremity strength and balance. Feasibility was assessed using recruitment, adherence, retention, and dropout rates. The satisfaction with WB-EMS was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale for older adults (PACES-8). In week 1, 3, and 8 creatine kinase (CK) was assessed immediately before, 48 and 72 h after WB-EMS. Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis (muscle pain, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria) and adverse events were recorded. Functional capacity was assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG), Choice Stepping Reaction Time Test (CSRT), 30-second Chair-Stand Test (30-STS), maximum isometric leg strength and handgrip strength. The recruitment rate of frail individuals was 46.2%, adherence 88.3% and the dropout rate 16.7%. All groups indicated a high satisfaction with WB-EMS. CK activity was more pronounced in young individuals with significant changes over time. Within older people CK increased borderline-significantly in the frail group from baseline to week 1 but not afterwards. In robust individuals CK increased significantly from baseline to week 1 and 3. No participant reached CK elevations close to the threshold of ≥5,000 U/l and no symptoms of rhabdomyolysis were observed. With the exception of the TUG (p = 0.173), frail individuals improved in all tests of functional capacity. Compared to the young and robust groups, frail individuals showed the greater improvements in the SPPB, handgrip strength, maximum isokinetic hip-/knee extension and flexion strength. WB-EMS is feasible for frail older people. There were no clinical signs of exertional rhabdomyolysis. WB-EMS proved to be sufficiently intense to induce meaningful changes in functional capacity with frail individuals showing greater improvements for several measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bloeckl
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joerg Bloeckl,
| | - Sebastian Raps
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weineck
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Kob
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Exercise and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Rodríguez-Bies E, Rizo I, Peña-Vázquez M, Fuentes T, López-Lluch G. Pilates with whole body electromyostimulation exercise produces high levels of muscle damage. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Rodrigues-Santana L, Louro H, Denche-Zamorano Á, Vega-Muñoz A, Contreras-Barraza N, Adsuar JC. Profile of Whole Body Electromyostimulation Training Users-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084711. [PMID: 35457575 PMCID: PMC9029882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Whole Body Electromyostimulation is a technological and time efficient personal training practiced all over the world. With the increase of practitioners in the last 10 years, the need to study more about practitioners has arisen, so this pilot study aims to trace a user profile of this method through the analysis of socio-demographic data for a better understand of the profile of people looking for this type of training to improve the effectiveness of the intervention and develop programs that are in accordance with the motivation of practitioners. (2) Methods: 270 users from 5 countries answered an online questionnaire with socio-demographic questions. Data were treated using descriptive statistics. Possible differences between sexes and between groups were analyzed by means of non-parametric statistical tests: Mann−Whitney U-test (continuous variables); in addition to studying possible dependence relationships and differences between proportions, using the Chi-square statistic with pairwise z-test using the Bonferroni correction (categorical variables). (3) Results: Middle-aged women are the main user of this type of training. The majority of WB-EMS users do another type of physical activity with significant difference between men and woman (p < 0.05) men are more active than women. Weight loss, health and wellness and muscle mass increase are the main goals of the WB-EMS users. There are significant differences in weight loss and rehabilitation between genders (p < 0.05). Women look much more than men to lose weight and men look more than women to rehabilitation. (4) Conclusions: The user profile is a physically active woman, aged 35−49 years, with normal weight and high educational level, who carries out twice weekly full body electrostimulation training with the goals of weight loss, health and/or wellness and muscle mass gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Rodrigues-Santana
- Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Hugo Louro
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Research Center in Sport Science, Health and Human Development, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal
| | - Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (Á.D.-Z.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | | | - Jose Carmelo Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society (PHeSo), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (Á.D.-Z.); (J.C.A.)
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16
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Changes in Muscle Thickness after 8 Weeks of Strength Training, Electromyostimulation, and Both Combined in Healthy Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063184. [PMID: 35328871 PMCID: PMC8955636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify and compare the effects of electromyostimulation training (EMS), strength training (ST), and both combined (STEMS), through the analysis of the elbow flexors muscle thickness. Forty subjects (24.45 ± 3.53 years), were randomly divided equally in 4 groups: 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. Each experimental group was submitted to one of three interventions, either an ST protocol, an EMS protocol, or a STEMS protocol. The control group (CG) did not perform any type of physical activity. Ultrasonography (US) was used to measure muscle thickness (MT) at 50 and 60% of the distance between the acromion and the olecranon. The results showed a significant difference in the elbow flexors muscle thickness after 8 weeks, both in the STG, EMSG, and STEMSG, but not in the CG. However, no significant differences were observed between the intervention protocols. It seems that an increase in MT can be obtained using either with ST, EMS, or both combined, however, the results doesn’t support the overlap of one method in relation to the others. EMS can be another interesting tool to induce muscle hypertrophy, but not necessarily better.
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Cassemiliano G, Ricci PA, Jürgensen SP, Domingos BC, Borghi-Silva A. Acute whole-body electromyostimulation associated with dynamic exercises did not alter cardiac autonomic modulation and oxygen uptake in obese and eutrophic men. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742022008921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Evangelista AL, Alonso AC, Ritti-Dias R, Barros BM, de Souza CR, Braz TV, Bocalini DS, Greve JMD. Commentary: Effects of Whole Body Electrostimulation Associated With Body Weight Training on Functional Capacity and Body Composition in Inactive Older People. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735818. [PMID: 34539453 PMCID: PMC8446544 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lopes Evangelista
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica Experimental, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Angelica Castilho Alonso
- Programa de Mestrado Ciências do Envelhecimento, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Ritti-Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Massaroto Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleison Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica Experimental, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Tiago Volpi Braz
- Laboratório de Avaliação do Movimento Humano, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica Experimental, Centro de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria D'andréa Greve
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Keicher C, Pyrkosch L, Wolfarth B, Ströhle A. Psychological Effects of Whole-body Electromyostimulation Training: a Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 34106377 PMCID: PMC8190409 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is used in popular and health sports to improve muscular performance. Little is known about the possible psychological effects of WB-EMS training. The aim of the study is therefore to investigate the possible psychological effects of WB-EMS training on subjective well-being, relaxation, mood, and perceived stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent conventional WB-EMS training and Sham training (without the application of electrical stimulation) as part of a randomized, controlled pilot study in a crossover design. Subjective well-being and subjective relaxation were assessed using visual analog scales, the current state of mood was assessed with Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaires (MDBF), and the current level of stress was assessed with Recovery-Stress Questionnaires/Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebögen (RESTQEBF) before and after training. RESULTS WB-EMS training has a statistically significant positive effect on subjective well-being and subjective relaxation, as well as on the awake subscale of the MDBF. No significant main effect of sequence and no interaction effects were found. Also, compared to a Sham training session, a single WB-EMS training session had no significant effect on mood, nervousness, or the current level of stress. CONCLUSION Besides physiological effects, WB-EMS might also have a strong psychological impact. WB-EMS could be beneficial for people who, due to their limitations, have problems training on a regular basis and with adequate training intensity. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00012583 , 22 June 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Keicher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Charité Research Organisation GmbH, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Lena Pyrkosch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Abteilung Sportmedizin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
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Zink-Rückel C, Kohl M, Willert S, von Stengel S, Kemmler W. Once-Weekly Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Increases Strength, Stability and Body Composition in Amateur Golfers. A Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115628. [PMID: 34070315 PMCID: PMC8197524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), an innovative training technology, is considered as a joint-friendly, highly customizable and particularly time-effective option for improving muscle strength and stability, body composition and pain relief. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 16 weeks of once-weekly WB-EMS on maximum isometric trunk (MITS), leg extensor strength (MILES), lean body mass (LBM) and body-fat content. A cohort of 54 male amateur golfers, 18 to 70 years old and largely representative for healthy adults, were randomly assigned to a WB-EMS (n = 27) or a control group (CG: n = 27). Bipolar low-frequency WB-EMS combined with low-intensity movements was conducted once per week for 20 min at the participants’ locations, while the CG maintained their habitual activity. The intention to treat analysis with multiple imputation was applied. After 16 weeks of once-weekly WB-EMS application with an attendance rate close to 100%, we observed significant WB-EMS effects on MITS (p < 0.001), MILES (p = 0.001), LBM (p = 0.034), but not body-fat content (p = 0.080) and low-back pain (LBP: p ≥ 0.078). In summary, the commercial setting of once-weekly WB-EMS application is effective to enhance stability, maximum strength, body composition and, to a lower extent, LBP in amateur golfers widely representative for a healthy male cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Zink-Rückel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (C.Z.-R.); (S.W.); (S.v.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8523999
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Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Iron Beats Electricity: Resistance Training but Not Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients during Caloric Restriction-A Randomized-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051640. [PMID: 34068089 PMCID: PMC8152778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and exercise are cornerstones in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Recently, whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has emerged as a more time-efficient alternative to traditional resistance training (RT). However, the effects of WB-EMS compared to RT on cardiometabolic health in obese metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients performed during CR are still unclear. In total, 118 obese MetS patients (52.7 ± 11.8 years, BMI: 38.1 ± 6.9 kg/m2) undergoing CR over 12 weeks (aim: −500 kcal deficit/day) were randomly allocated to either WB-EMS, single-set RT (1-RT), 3-set RT (3-RT) or an inactive control group (CON). Primary outcome was MetS severity (MetS z-score). Secondary outcomes were body composition, muscle strength and quality of life (QoL). All groups significantly reduced body weight (~3%) and fat mass (~2.6 kg) but only 1-RT and 3-RT preserved skeletal muscle mass (SMM). All exercise groups increased muscle strength in major muscle groups (20–103%). However, only the two RT-groups improved MetS z-score (1-RT: −1.34, p = 0.003; 3-RT: −2.06, p < 0.001) and QoL (1-RT: +6%, p = 0.027; 3-RT: +12%, p < 0.001), while WB-EMS and CON had no impact on these outcomes. We conclude that traditional RT has superior effects on cardiometabolic health, SMM and QoL in obese MetS patients undergoing CR than WB-EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-45220
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Rodrigues-Santana L, Adsuar JC, Louro H, Pérez-Gómez J, Hernández-Mocholí MA, Carlos-Vivas J, Gomez-Campos R, de Campos LFCC. The effects of whole-body muscle stimulation on body composition and strength parameters: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25139. [PMID: 33950916 PMCID: PMC8104215 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study will analyze the effect of Whole Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) in strength and body composition outcomes in adult population. METHODS This study will search the following electronic databases up to July 21, 2020: PubMed, WOS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y EMBASE. There will be no language limitation. Two authors will independently identify titles/abstracts and full text all potential studies, and will collect data from eligible studies. Additionally, study quality will be assessed by PEDro Scale risk of bias. We will conduct meta-analysis if enough trials are included. RESULTS This study will explore the effects of WB-EMS in strength and body composition outcomes. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may summarize the effectiveness of WB-EMS in increasing strength and improving body composition in adult population. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202120050.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo Louro
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
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The effects of three types of exercise training on steroid hormones in physically inactive middle-aged adults: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2193-2206. [PMID: 33890158 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical inactivity and ageing are associated with imbalances in anabolic/catabolic steroid hormones, jeopardizing health. We investigated the effects of three types of training on plasma steroid hormone levels in physically inactive, middle-aged adults. METHODS A 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed with a parallel-group design. A total of 67 (36 women) middle-aged adults (45-65 years old) were randomly assigned to (1) no exercise (control), (2) concurrent training based on the international physical activity recommendations (PAR), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or (4) HIIT plus whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS). The training volume in the PAR group was 150 min/week at 60-65% of the heart rate reserve for aerobic training and ~ 60 min/week at 40-50% of the one-repetition maximum for resistance training. The training volume in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups was 40-65 min/week at > 95% of the maximum oxygen uptake in long interval sessions, and > 120% of the maximum oxygen uptake in short interval sessions. RESULTS Compared to the control group, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate increased in the PAR, HIIT, and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 14%, ~ 14%, and ~ 20%, respectively; all P < 0.01). Cortisol decreased in the PAR, HIIT, and HIIT + EMS groups (~ - 17%, ~ - 10%, and ~ - 23%, respectively; all P ≤ 0.05). Testosterone increased in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 28%, and ~ 16%, respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). Free testosterone increased in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 30% and ~ 18% respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). No significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin was observed (P = 0.869). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HIIT, with or without whole-body EMS, can significantly enhance steroid hormones status in previously physically inactive middle-aged adults. The PAR program led to slight improvements than the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups despite the application of a higher training volume. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NCT03334357 (ClinicalTrials.gov). November 7, 2017 retrospectively registered.
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PARK S, PARK J, HAM JA, JEE Y. Effects of aerobic dance with electrical stimulant on body composition and radiological circumference of obese elderly women. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Melibeu Bentes C, Luiz Bezerra da Silveira A, Di Masi F, Resende M, Netto C, Marinheiro LPF. Reliability of bioimpedance and indirect calorimetry to evaluate resting metabolic rate in Brazilian women with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:493-497. [PMID: 33662835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Precise evaluation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is critical, especially for seniors in syndromes conditions. The study aimed to compare different methods and devices to evaluate the resting metabolic rate and assess them' reliability in Brazilian women with metabolic syndrome. METHODS A single-center prospective study with forty elderly postmenopausal women was performed to verify the reliability of indirect calorimetry (IC) versus Bioimpedance (BIA) on RMR fluctuations for an interval length of six months. RESULTS Measurements showed a high correlation between devices at baseline [BIA vs IC, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.906 (0.822-0.950)]. Surprisingly, a high correlation was kept between BIA and IC after six months [BIA vs. IC, ICC = 0.909 (0.829-0.952)]. The results suggest that both BIA and IC are excellent strategies to measure RMR in elderly postmenopausal women and with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS However, the BIA method presents greater convenience, optimizes patients' time, and does not require prolonged fasting to obtain good reliable results compared to IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Melibeu Bentes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil; Laboratory of Strength Training, Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Education, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Luiz Bezerra da Silveira
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil; Graduate Program Multicentric in Physiological Sciences, Department of Physiological Science, Brazilian Society of Physiology/ Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Education, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Di Masi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Education, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica-RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique Resende
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lizanka P F Marinheiro
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kemmler W, Shojaa M, Steele J, Berger J, Fröhlich M, Schoene D, von Stengel S, Kleinöder H, Kohl M. Efficacy of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640657. [PMID: 33716787 PMCID: PMC7952886 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy on whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and strength parameters in non-athletic cohorts. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) WB-EMS trials with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) WB-EMS as primary physical intervention, (d) WB-EMS with at least six electrodes covering most muscle groups, (e) non-athletic cohorts. We searched eight electronic databases up to June 30, 2020, without language restrictions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for muscle mass parameters, total body fat mass, maximum leg extension, and trunk extension strength were defined as outcome measures. In summary, 16 studies with 19 individual WB-EMS groups representing 897 participants were included. Studies vary considerably with respect to age, BMI, and physical conditions. Impulse protocols of the studies were roughly comparable, but training frequency (1-5 sessions/week) and intervention length (6-54 weeks) differed between the studies. SMD average was 1.23 (95%-CI: 0.71-1.76) for muscle mass, 0.98 (0.74-1.22) for maximum leg, and 1.08 (0.78-1.39) for maximum trunk extension strength changes (all p < 0.001). SMD for body fat changes (-0.40, [-0.98 to 0.17]), however, did not reach significance. I 2 and Q-statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity of muscle and fat mass changes between the trials. However, rank and regression tests did not indicate positive evidence for small-study bias and funnel plot asymmetries. This work provided further evidence for significant, large-sized effects of WB-EMS on muscle mass and strength parameters, but not on body fat mass. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020183059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James Steele
- Ukactive Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Berger
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslauter, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslauter, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kohl
- Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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Kim K, Eun D, Jee YS. Higher Impulse Electromyostimulation Contributes to Psychological Satisfaction and Physical Development in Healthy Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030191. [PMID: 33668740 PMCID: PMC7996253 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study investigated the various impulse effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on psychophysiological responses and adaptations. Materials and Methods: The participants included fifty-four men between 20 and 27 years of age who practiced isometric exercises for 20 min, three days a week, for 12 weeks while wearing WB-EMS suits, which enabled the simultaneous activation of eight muscle groups with three types of impulse intensities. Participants were allocated to one of four groups: control group (CON), low-impulse-intensity group (LIG), mid-impulse-intensity group (MIG), and high-impulse-intensity group (HIG). Psychophysiological conditions were measured at week 0, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Results: Compared with the CON, (1) three psychological conditions in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed positive tendencies every four weeks, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test revealed that body image (p = 0.004), body shape (p = 0.007), and self-esteem (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. (2) Body weight, fat mass, body mass index, and percent fat in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed a noticeable decrease, which revealed that there were significant differences among the groups. Specifically, a higher impulse intensity resulted in a greater increase in muscle mass. (3) Although there was no interaction effect in the abdominal visceral fat area, there were significant interactions in the abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) and total fat (ATF) areas. Both the ASF and ATF in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in other groups showed a noticeable decrease. The ANCOVA revealed that the ASF (p = 0.002) and ATF (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. In particular, the higher the impulse intensity, the greater the decrease in abdominal fat. Conclusions: This study confirmed that high-impulse-intensity EMS can improve psychophysiological conditions. In other words, healthy young adults felt that the extent to which their body image, body shape, and self-esteem improved depended on how intense their EMS impulse intensities were. The results also showed that higher levels of impulse intensity led to improved physical conditions.
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Watanabe K, Takada T, Kawade S, Moritani T. Effect of exercise intensity on metabolic responses on combined application of electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14758. [PMID: 33587340 PMCID: PMC7883830 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined application of voluntary exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been developed as a new type of exercise that can recruit motor units contributing to both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms. We aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary exercise intensity on metabolic responses on the combination of voluntary exercise and NMES. In 13 volunteers, oxygen consumption and the blood lactate concentration were measured during (1) voluntary pedaling exercise at four different intensities: 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the ventilatory threshold (VT) (VOL), (2) these voluntary exercises with superimposed NMES applied to the gluteus and thigh muscles (VOL+NMES), and (3) NMES only (NMES). Oxygen consumption and the blood lactate concentration in VOL+NMES were significantly greater than VOL at each exercise intensity (p < 0.05). Differences in oxygen consumption between VOL+NMES and VOL decreased with exercise intensity, and that at 125% VT was significantly lower than the net gain in oxygen consumption following NMES (p < 0.05). Differences in the blood lactate concentration between VOL+NMES and VOL increased with exercise intensity, and that at 50% VT was significantly lower than the net gain in the blood lactate concentration following NMES (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that voluntary exercise intensity has a critical impact on metabolic responses during the combined application of voluntary exercises and NMES. Superimposing NMES onto voluntary exercises at high exercise intensities may induce overlapping recruitment of motor units, leading to a markedly reduced benefit of additional metabolic responses on its superimposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Biomechanics, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences and School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshio Moritani
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.,Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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Park HK, Na SM, Choi SL, Seon JK, Do WH. Physiological Effect of Exercise Training with Whole Body Electric Muscle Stimulation Suit on Strength and Balance in Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chonnam Med J 2021; 57:76-86. [PMID: 33537223 PMCID: PMC7840343 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2021.57.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies about Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) have been performed to determine the effectiveness of EMS. However, most studies enrolled only elderly patients. Moreover, only a few studies have verified the effect of a whole body (WB)-EMS suit on young healthy women. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to verify the physiological effects of exercise training with a WB-EMS suit in young women. During the study periods, 24 young women were randomly assigned into two groups: 1) the WB-EMS training group, and 2) the control. All participants in the two groups performed the same low-intensity resistance exercise three times a week for 6 weeks at a training center. Group 1 used an electric current for WB-EMS suit which was switched on during the exercise period. Outcome measures were body composition, body circumference of hips and abdomen, isokinetic muscle function of knees, balance functions, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)s, cardiopulmonary functions, and lipid profiles. All outcomes were measured before and after the exercise protocol over 6 weeks. A total of 23 young women (group 1, n=11; group 2, n=12) completed a 6-week exercise regimen. After exercise, we compared the differences before and after the exercise program in each group. There were significant differences (p≤0.05) in body circumference, cardiopulmonary function in group 1 and 2. In particular, group 1 that activated WB-EMS showed significant differences in the isokinetic muscle function on knee flexors and balance functions. The results of this study show that exercise with a WB-EMS suit can be considered as an effective exercise addition for young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeng-Kyu Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Min Na
- Center for Joint Diseases, Chonnam National Univerity Bitgoeul Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Se-Lin Choi
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Healthcare Ware Research and Business Development Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Seon
- Center for Joint Diseases, Chonnam National Univerity Bitgoeul Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Wol-Hee Do
- Department of Clothing and Textiles, Healthcare Ware Research and Business Development Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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de Oliveira TMD, Felício DC, Filho JE, Durigan JLQ, Fonseca DS, José A, Oliveira CC, Malaguti C. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation on function, muscle mass, strength, social participation, and falls-efficacy in older people: A randomized trial protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245809. [PMID: 33493160 PMCID: PMC7833144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance training has a positive impact on functional capacity and muscle mass in the elderly. However, due to physical limitations or a simple aversion against regular exercise, a majority of the elderly do not reach the recommended exercise doses. This led us to evaluate the effect of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a novel, time-efficient, and smooth training technology on physical function, fat-free mass, strength, falls-efficacy, and social participation of the elderly. Methods The present study is a randomized, parallel group clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. Sixty-six volunteers (age ≥ 60 years) will be recruited from the geriatric outpatient department in a tertiary hospital and primary care units and randomized into two groups: WB-EMS group or active control group (aCG). The WB-EMS or aCG protocol will consist of 16 sessions for 8 consecutive weeks, twice per week. The primary outcomes will be maximal isometric knee extension (IKE), functional lower extremity strength, fat-free mass, gait speed, and risk of falls measured before and after intervention. The secondary outcomes will be social participation and falls-efficacy assessed before and after the intervention and at three and six months of follow-up. Participant’s satisfaction with and awareness of electrical stimulation therapy will also be assessed immediately after the 8-week intervention. Discussion Patients receiving WB-EMS exercises are believed to have better outcomes than those receiving conventional, more time-consuming resistance exercises. Hence, innovative, time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly individualized exercise technologies (such as WB-EMS) may be a good choice for the elderly with time constraints, physical limitations, or little enthusiasm, who are exercising less than the recommended amounts for impact on muscle mass, strength, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Carvalho Felício
- College of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Elias Filho
- College of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,College of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Simões Fonseca
- College of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson José
- College of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Malaguti
- College of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Sánchez-Infante J, Bravo-Sánchez A, Abián P, Esteban P, Jimenez F, Abián-Vicén J. The influence of whole-body electromyostimulation training in middle-aged women. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-202113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a new tendency in training used to complement conventional training. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the effects of training with WB-EMS on body composition, strength and balance in middle-aged women. METHODS: Twenty-eight women were randomly assigned to two groups: the WB-EMS group (age = 48.1 ± 4.3 years) or the control group (CG) (age = 51.1 ± 5.4 years). All participants continued their training of 2 days⋅week-1 and 60 min⋅day-1 of endurance-dynamic strength exercises and additionally did 20 minutes more of dynamic strength exercises one day⋅week-1: the WB-EMS group did the additional training with WB-EMS and the CG did the same training but without WB-EMS. Body composition, muscle isokinetic strength of the knee flexors/extensors and postural stability were measured before and after 8 weeks of training. RESULTS: After the training program, the WB-EMS group showed lower values for the waist circumference (83.00 ± 7.37 vs. 78.50 ± 7.30 cm; p< 0.01), hip circumference (104.80 ± 8.61 vs. 101.00 ± 6.78 cm; p< 0.05) and total fat mass (37.04 ± 6.08 vs. 36.26 ± 5.78%; p< 0.05). In balance stability the WB-EMS group reduced their Fall Risk Index (1.70 ± 0.51 vs. 1.30 ± 0.38 AU; p< 0.01) and deviation (1.50 ± 0.43 vs. 1.03 ± 0.74 AU; p< 0.01) after training and showed lower values in the Fall Risk Index (p= 0.007) and deviation (p= 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: The WB-EMS training program helps reduce the risk of falling and improves body composition variables and balance results in middle-aged physically active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sánchez-Infante
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Abián
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Esteban
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Fernando Jimenez
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Javier Abián-Vicén
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Schwappacher R, Schink K, Sologub S, Dieterich W, Reljic D, Friedrich O, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Physical activity and advanced cancer: evidence of exercise-sensitive genes regulating prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Physiol 2020; 598:3871-3889. [PMID: 32648302 DOI: 10.1113/jp279150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Physical activity is known to protect against cancer. The resistance exercise method whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has a significant anti-cancer effect. WB-EMS-conditioned serum from advanced prostate cancer patients decreased human prostate carcinoma cell growth and viability in vitro. Multiplex analysis revealed that genes associated with human prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis are sensitive for exercise. Feasible exercise should be part of multimodal anti-cancer therapies, also for physically weakened patients. ABSTRACT Regular physical activity is known to protect against cancer development. In cancer survivors, exercise reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. However, the link between exercise and decreased cancer risk and improved survival is still not well understood. Serum from exercising healthy individuals inhibits proliferation and activates apoptosis in various cancer cells, suggesting that mechanisms regulating cancer cell growth are affected by exercise. For the first time, we analysed serum from advanced-stage cancer patients with prostate (exercise group n = 8; control group n = 10) or colorectal (exercise n = 6; control n = 6) cancer, after a 12-week whole-body electromyostimulation training (20 min/session, 2×/week; frequency 85 Hz; pulse width 350 µs; 6 s stimulation, 4 s rest), a tolerable, yet effective, resistance exercise for physically weakened patients. We report that serum from these advanced cancer patients inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human prostate and colon cancer cells in vitro using cell growth and death assays (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, cell counting, DNA fragmentation). Exercise-mimicking electric pulse stimulation of human primary myotubes showed that electric pulse stimulation-conditioned myotube medium also impairs human cancer cell viability. Gene expression analysis using a multiplex array of cancer-associated genes and subsequent quantitative RT-PCR revealed the presence of exercise-sensitive genes in human prostate cancer cells that potentially participate in the exercise-mediated regulation of malignant cell growth and apoptosis. Our data document the strong efficiency of the anti-oncogenic effects of physical activity and will further support the application of regular therapeutic exercise during cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwappacher
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Schink
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sologub
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness and Health in Postmenopausal Women: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Public Health 2020; 8:313. [PMID: 32793536 PMCID: PMC7391420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related problems such as chronic diseases, functional limitation and dependence, reduce the quality of life in the elderly, and increase public spending in health. It has been established that physical activity plays a fundamental role in the health of the elderly. The whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a successful methodology as high-intensity training to improve the physical fitness of older people. Methods: A minimum of 13 women between 55 and 70 years old will be randomized in two groups. The exercise with WB-EMS group (EX + WB-EMS) will conduct a resistance strength training program with superimposed WB-EMS while the exercise group (EX) will perform only resistance strength and aerobic training. Balance, strength, flexibility, agility, speed, and aerobic performance (EXERNET battery and progressive resistance test), as well as body composition, blood parameters and physical activity reporting (IPAQ-E) will be assessed to analyze the effects of whole body electromyostimulation in the physical fitness and the health in postmenopausal women. Discussion: Innovative and scientifically well-designed protocols are needed to enhance the knowledge of the body's responses within this training methodology which is being used by a big quantity of population. This trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of whole-body electromyostimulation in physical fitness and health in elderly women. Trial Registration: ISRCTN15558857 registration data: 27/11/2019 (retrospectively registered).
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Nasarre-Nacenta N, Reverter-Masia J. Impact of Whole Body Electromyostimulation on Velocity, Power and Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144982. [PMID: 32664361 PMCID: PMC7400631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with losses in strength and power along with weight and fat mass gains, which may result from menopause-related hormonal changes, aging-associated diseases, and decreased physical activity time. The objective of this study is to analyze if whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is suitable for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal physical deterioration. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre-post test. Both groups conducted 10 weeks of aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group conducted the training with superimposed WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, the experimental group obtained better power (Squat: mean difference (MD) = 38.69 W [1.75,75.62], d = 0.81; Bench press: MD = 25.64 W [17.48, 33.82], d = 2.39) and velocity (Squat: MD = 0.04 m·s−1 [0.01, 0.08], d = 0.98; Bench press: MD = 0.10 m·s−1 [0.06, 0.14], d = 1.90) score improvements than the other group (pBonferroni < 0.05). Furthermore, trivial to small effects were found in the body composition of the participants of both groups (p > 0.050). WB-EMS showed a favorable isolated effect on the development of power and velocity, but it induced negligible effects on the body composition of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, E-25001 Lleida, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-63-030-3301-6645
| | - Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido
- EUSES Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Tarragona, Spain; (J.V.B.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
| | | | | | - Joaquin Reverter-Masia
- EUSES Escola Universitària de la Salut i l’Esport, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Tarragona, Spain; (J.V.B.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
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Berger J, Becker S, Ludwig O, Kemmler W, Fröhlich M. Whole-body electromyostimulation in physical therapy: do gender, skinfold thickness or body composition influence maximum intensity tolerance? J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:395-400. [PMID: 32581432 PMCID: PMC7276779 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is an extension of the EMS
application known in physical therapy. In WB-EMS, body composition and skinfold thickness
seem to play a decisive role in influencing the Ohmic resistance and therefore the maximum
intensity tolerance. That is why the therapeutic success of (WB-)EMS may depend on
individual anatomical parameters. The aim of the study was to find out whether gender,
skinfold thickness and parameters of body composition have an influence on the maximum
intensity tolerance in WB-EMS. [Participants and Methods] Fifty-two participants were
included in the study. Body composition (body impedance, body fat, fat mass, fat-free
mass) and skinfold thicknesses were measured and set into relation to the maximum
intensity tolerance. [Results] No relationship between the different anthropometric
parameters and the maximum intensity tolerance was detected for both genders. Considering
the individual muscle groups, no similarities were found in the results. [Conclusion] Body
composition or skinfold thickness do not seem to have any influence on the maximum
intensity tolerance in WB-EMS training. For the application in physiotherapy this means
that a dosage of the electrical voltage within the scope of a (WB-) EMS application is
only possible via the subjective feedback (BORG Scale).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Berger
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern: 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern: 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern: 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern: 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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EMS-effect of Exercises with Music on Fatness and Biomarkers of Obese Elderly Women. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56040158. [PMID: 32244777 PMCID: PMC7231244 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Electromyostimulation (EMS) has been shown to improve body composition, but what biomarkers it affects has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the EMS-effect of exercises with music on fatness and biomarker levels in obese elderly. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five women were randomly classified into a control group (CON) and EMS group (EMSG). EMS suits used in this study enabled the simultaneous activation of eight pairs with selectable intensities. Program sessions of EMS were combined with exercises of listening to music three times a week for eight weeks. Although both groups received the same program, CON did not receive electrical stimuli. Results: Compared with CON, a significant effect of the EMS intervention concerning decreased fatness, as well as an increased skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate, were evident. Tumor necrosis factor-a, C-reactive protein, resistin, and carcinoembryonic antigen of biomarkers were significantly different in the groups by time interaction. Similarly, the positive changes caused by EMS were represented in lipoprotein-cholesterols. Conclusions: The results indicate that a significant effect due to the EMS intervention was found concerning body composition and biomarkers in obese elderly women.
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernandez-Gonzalez V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Physical Fitness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051482. [PMID: 32182674 PMCID: PMC7085547 DOI: 10.3390/s20051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostiulation (WB-EMS) has experienced a boom in recent years, even though its effectiveness is controversial. A sedentary lifestyle is deeply rooted in the European population, mainly in the elderly. This experimental study analyzed the impact of WB-EMS on the physical fitness of postmenopausal women. Thirty-four healthy sedentary women between 55 and 69 years followed an experimental design pre–post-test. Both groups conducted a ten-week aerobic and strength training program. The experimental group overlaid the WB-EMS during exercise. At the end of the intervention, both groups improved upper and lower body strength, lower extremity flexibility, agility, and speed levels (pBonferroni < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed at upper and lower body strength, agility, speed, and cardiovascular endurance (p < 0.05). The WB-EMS group scored better agility than the control group at the end of the intervention (pBonferroni < 0.05) and was the only group that improved cardiovascular endurance. WB-EMS shows a favorable isolate effect on the development of dynamic leg strength, agility, and cardiovascular endurance but did not in dynamic arm strength, gait speed, balance, or flexibility of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi General, n.4 E-25001 Lleida, Spain; (V.H.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +346-4954-6894
| | - Jose Vicente Beltran-Garrido
- EUSES Health and Sport Sciences School, Rovira i Virgili University, C/Sebastià Joan Arbó, 2, 43870 Amposta, Spain;
| | - Vicenç Hernandez-Gonzalez
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi General, n.4 E-25001 Lleida, Spain; (V.H.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Reverter-Masia
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi General, n.4 E-25001 Lleida, Spain; (V.H.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Sanchez-Delgado G, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ. Metabolic rate in sedentary adults, following different exercise training interventions: The FIT-AGEING randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3230-3240. [PMID: 32089371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study compares the influence of different exercise training programs on basal metabolic rate (BMR) and fat oxidation, in basal conditions (BFox) and during exercise (MFO), in sedentary, middle-aged adults. METHODS The study subjects of this 12 week-long, randomised controlled trial, were 71 middle-aged adults (age 53.5 ± 4.9 years; 52% women). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) no exercise, (2) concurrent training based on international physical activity recommendations (PAR group), (3) high intensity interval training (HIIT group), and (4) high intensity interval training plus whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS group). Subject BMR, BFox and MFO were determined by indirect calorimetry before and after the intervention. RESULTS The HIIT + EMS subjects showed significant increases in BFox following the intervention compared with the control group (all P = 0.043); no such differences were seen in the PAR and HIIT compared with the control group (all P ≥ 0.1). A significant increase in post-intervention MFO was noted for the HIIT and HIIT + EMS group compared to the non-exercise control group (P < 0.05); no such difference was seen in the PAR group compared to the control group (all P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of high intensity interval training plus whole-body electromyostimulation may increase the BFox and MFO of middle-aged sedentary adults. These findings have important clinical implications; a well-designed high-intensity interval training program plus whole-body electromyostimulation might be followed to help combat the appearance of chronic metabolic diseases characterized by metabolic inflexibility in middle-aged sedentary adults, though it will be necessary to determine how long the effects last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LA USA
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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Teschler M, Mooren FC. (Whole-Body) Electromyostimulation, Muscle Damage, and Immune System: A Mini Review. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1461. [PMID: 31849709 PMCID: PMC6895567 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscular damage (EIMD) is a well-known phenomenon in exercise medicine that is closely related to the type and intensity of training, with especially eccentric training content providing various physiological irritations, including mechanical as well as metabolic. Besides the increase in markers of muscular damage, such as creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb), several physiological shifts trigger a kind of stepwise repair chain reactions lasting over a time course from several hours to days. Subsequent inflammatory processes are closely related to muscular damage with decisive influence on physiological repair mechanisms, as indicated by an increased invasion of immune cells and typical patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Previously, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) showed significant, partly extreme distractions in markers of muscular damage lasting over several days. Because of the large area of stimulated muscle mass and a relatively high proportion of eccentric movements, initially too intense WB-EMS is predisposed to produce serious changes on several physiological levels due to its unfamiliar muscular strain. Therefore, it is the aim of this short review to focus on the possible immunological side effects of this aspiring training technology. As the number of original investigations in this field is rather small, we will include data from other studies about the relation of exercise-induced muscle damage and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Teschler
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.,Klinik Königsfeld der DRV, Department of Cardiology and Orthopedics Clinic, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.,Klinik Königsfeld der DRV, Department of Cardiology and Orthopedics Clinic, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal, Germany
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40
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Jee YS. The effect of high-impulse- electromyostimulation on adipokine profiles, body composition and strength: A pilot study. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seok Jee
- Research Institute of Sports and Industry Science, Hanseo University, #46 Hanseo 1-Ro, Haemi-myeon, Seosan 31962, Korea
- Department of Physical Activity Design, Hanseo University, #46 Hanseo 1-Ro, Haemi-myeon, Seosan 31962, Seosan, Korea
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Ludwig O, Berger J, Becker S, Kemmler W, Fröhlich M. The Impact of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation on Body Posture and Trunk Muscle Strength in Untrained Persons. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1020. [PMID: 31481895 PMCID: PMC6710354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular imbalances of the trunk muscles are held responsible for changes in body posture. At the same time, whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has been established as a new training method that enables simultaneous stimulation of many muscle groups. This study was aiming to analyze if a 10 weeks WB-EMS training changes posture-relevant parameters and/or improves isometric strength of the trunk extensors and flexors, and if there are differences based on stimulation at 20 Hz and 85 Hz. Fifty eight untrained adult test persons were divided into three groups (control, CON; training with 20 Hz stimulation, TR20; training with 85 Hz, TR85). Anthropometric parameters, trunk extension and flexion forces and torques, and posture parameters were determined before (n = 58) and after (n = 53: CON: n = 15, TR20: n = 19, TR85: n = 19) a 10 weeks WB-EMS training program (15 applications, 9 exercises). Differences between the groups were calculated for pre- and post-tests using univariate ANOVA and between the test times using repeated (2 × 3) ANOVA. Comparisons of pairs were calculated post hoc based on Fisher (LSD). No differences between the groups were found for the posture parameters. The post hoc analysis of both trunk flexion and trunk extension forces and torques showed a significant difference between the groups TR85 and CON but no difference between the other group pairs. A 10 weeks whole-body electrostimulation training with a stimulation frequency of 85 Hz in contrast to training with a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz improves the trunk muscle strength of an untrained group but does not significantly change posture parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ludwig
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Maffiuletti NA, Green DA, Vaz MA, Dirks ML. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation as a Potential Countermeasure for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Weakness During Human Spaceflight. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1031. [PMID: 31456697 PMCID: PMC6700209 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human spaceflight is associated with a substantial loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) evokes involuntary muscle contractions, which have the potential to preserve or restore skeletal muscle mass and neuromuscular function during and/or post spaceflight. This assumption is largely based on evidence from terrestrial disuse/immobilization studies without the use of large exercise equipment that may not be available in spaceflight beyond the International Space Station. In this mini-review we provide an overview of the rationale and evidence for NMES based on the terrestrial state-of-the-art knowledge, compare this to that used in orbit, and in ground-based analogs in order to provide practical recommendations for implementation of NMES in future space missions. Emphasis will be placed on knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles known to be particularly susceptible to deconditioning in space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Green
- Space Medicine Team, HRE-OM, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany.,KBRwyle, Wyle Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany.,King's College London, Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Aurelio Vaz
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marlou L Dirks
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Kemmler W, von Stengel S. Response to the letter of Stoellberger et al. “Acute myopathy as a side effect of electromyostimulation”. Wien Med Wochenschr 2019; 169:183-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Pano-Rodriguez A, Beltran-Garrido JV, Hernández-González V, Reverter-Masia J. Effects of whole-body ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION on health and performance: a systematic review. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:87. [PMID: 31014310 PMCID: PMC6480820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-body electrical myostimulation (WB-EMS) is a relatively recent training methodology that has been extraordinarily used in recent years. However, there is a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of WB-EMS in the situations in which its use has been largely popularized. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effects produced by WB-EMS. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane was performed to identify all the studies that have applied electrical stimulation in lower and upper limbs simultaneously and that have clearly presented their protocols for the training and application of the stimulation. The last search was performed on September 9, 2018. Studies written in English or German were included. RESULTS A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Guide for Systematic Reviews. Nineteen studies analyzed the chronic effects of WB-EMS, and 2 analyzed acute effects with a total of 505 subjects (310 men and 195 women). In total, 35% were moderately trained, and 65% were sedentary subjects. Different dependent variables were studied, such as anthropometric parameters, strength parameters, energy expenditure, psychophysiological parameters and blood parameters. There is a lack of randomized controlled studies, and the studies included exhibit a moderate to high level of risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Given the limited number of available studies on WB-EMS, the scarce amount of scientific evidence found does not allow definitive conclusions about its effects; therefore, future studies about WB-EMS are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pano-Rodriguez
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Vicenç Hernández-González
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Reverter-Masia
- Research Group Human Movement, University of Lleida, Av. de l’Estudi Generaln.4 E-25001Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Dote-Montero M, Gutiérrez Á, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ. Changes in Physical Fitness After 12 Weeks of Structured Concurrent Exercise Training, High Intensity Interval Training, or Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Training in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 10:451. [PMID: 31105580 PMCID: PMC6492765 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of different exercise training modalities [(i) a concurrent training based on physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR group), (ii) a high intensity interval training group (HIIT group), and (iii) a high intensity interval training adding whole-body electromyostimulation group (WB-EMS group)] on physical fitness in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 89 (52.7% women) middle-aged sedentary adults (53.7 ± 5.1 years old) were enrolled in the FIT-AGING study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a maximum treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. Lower, upper, and core body muscular strength were assessed by an isokinetic strength test, by the handgrip strength test, and by several core strength endurance tests, respectively. All the exercise types induced similar increases on cardiorespiratory fitness (Δ VO2max ≥ 11%, Δ maximal heart rate ≥ 8%, and Δ total test duration ≥ 14%; all P ≤ 0.034), as well as on muscular strength (Δ extension and flexion peak torque ≥ 10%, Δ total hand grip ≥ 3%, Δ core strength endurance tests ≥ 20%; all P ≤ 0.050) compared with a control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that a 12-week structured exercise intervention improves physical fitness regardless of the training program in sedentary middle-aged adults. Despite slightly greater improvements in some physical fitness variables, the changes observed in the WB-EMS group were not superior to the other exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Dote-Montero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Amaro‐Gahete FJ, De‐la‐O A, Jurado‐Fasoli L, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á. Effects of different exercise training programs on body composition: A randomized control trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:968-979. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Alejandro De‐la‐O
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado‐Fasoli
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS‐262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology School of Medicine University of Granada Granada Spain
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Evangelista AL, Teixeira CVLS, Barros BM, de Azevedo JB, Paunksnis MRR, de Souza CR, Wadhi T, Rica RL, Braz TV, Bocalini DS. Does whole-body electrical muscle stimulation combined with strength training promote morphofunctional alterations? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e1334. [PMID: 31721936 PMCID: PMC6820510 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of strength training (ST) combined with whole-body electrical stimulation (EMS) on morphofunctional adaptations in active individuals. METHODS Fifty-eight volunteers were randomly distributed into the following groups: an untrained control (UN) group (n=16), an ST group (n=21) or an ST combined with EMS (ST+EMS) group (n=21). Both intervention groups (the ST and ST+EMS groups) performed 3 exercises (biceps curl, back squats and high-pulley tricep extensions) twice a week for 8 weeks. The subjects performed 3 sets of 8 to 12 maximum repetitions (MRs) with a 90-second rest duration between sets. The ST+EMS group performed the resistance training exercises wearing a whole-body suit that provided electrical stimulation at frequencies between 80-85 Hz, with a continuously bipolar impulse duration and pulse breadth of 350 µs. The intensity for each muscle group was controlled by Borg's category ratio (CR)-10 scale; the intensity started at 5-6 and eventually reached 7-8. One-repetition maximum strength (1RM) and muscle thickness (MT) were measured before and after the training intervention. MT was evaluated in the biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), and vastus lateralis (VL). RESULTS No differences (p>0.05) were found between the ST and ST+EMS groups. Improvements (p<0.05) in the absolute values of the morphofunctional parameters after the training protocol were observed. Significant differences were found between both the intervention groups and the UN group (p<0.05). The ST+EMS group presented high percentage changes (p<0.05) in muscular strength for the 1RMsquat (43.2%, ES=1.64) and the MT of the BB (21.6%, ES=1.21) compared to the ST (20.5%, ES=1.43, 11.9%, ES=0.77) group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the combination of ST+EMS may promote alterations in muscle strength and MT in healthy active subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lopes Evangelista
- Departamento de Educacao Fisica, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - Bruna Massaroto Barros
- Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Reabilitacao, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | | | | | - Tanuj Wadhi
- Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Tiago Volpi Braz
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao do Movimento Humano, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, BR
| | - Danilo Sales Bocalini
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Bioquimica Experimental, Centro de Educacao Fisica e Esporte, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, BR
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Sanchez-Delgado G, Robles-Gonzalez L, Jurado-Fasoli L, Ruiz JR, Gutierrez A. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Performance-Related Parameters in Runners. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1576. [PMID: 30483147 PMCID: PMC6242945 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the effects of a 6-session (one per week) WB-EMS training intervention on maximum oxygen uptake, aerobic and gas exchange thresholds, running economy, and muscular power in male recreational runners. Twelve men were randomized into WB-EMS intervention (n = 6; 27.0 ± 7.5 years; 70.1 ± 11.1 kg; 1.75 ± 0.5 m) or control (n = 6; 27.0 ± 6.1 years; 73.6 ± 3.4 kg; 1.77 ± 0.3 m). The WB-EMS group reduced the running training frequency to one per week and followed one WB-EMS training session per week during 6 weeks. Participants in the control group maintained their usual running endurance training. Each participant completed four assessments: physiological parameters [(i) VO2max, aerobic and gas exchange threshold values, and (ii) running economy at two intensities], muscular power (vertical jump), and anthropometric parameters both at baseline and after the intervention. Participants in the WB-EMS group improved VO2max, aerobic and gas exchange threshold values, running economy, and vertical jump (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. There, WB-EMS seems to be an effective training methodology leading to improvements in performance during endurance training volume reduction in male recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Robles-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Delgado André L, Basso-Vanelli RP, Di Thommazo-Luporini L, Angélica Ricci P, Cabiddu R, Pilon Jürgensen S, Ricardo de Oliveira C, Arena R, Borghi-Silva A. Functional and systemic effects of whole body electrical stimulation post bariatric surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:597. [PMID: 30382930 PMCID: PMC6211515 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity represents a major public health problem and is the fifth leading risk factor for mortality. Morbid obesity is associated with chronic systemic inflammation which increases the risk of comorbidities. Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered an effective intervention for obese patients. However, BS is associated with dietary restriction, potentially limiting physical activity. Whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WBS) could represent an innovative option for the rehabilitation of BS patients, especially during the early postoperative phase when other conventional techniques are contraindicated. WBS is a safe and effective tool to combat sarcopenia and metabolic risk as well as increasing muscle mass, producing greater glucose uptake, and reducing the proinflammatory state. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of WBS on body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength and endurance, insulin resistance, and pro- and anti-inflammatory circulating markers in obese patients undergoing BS. Methods/design The present study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups clinical trial approved by the Ethics Committee of our Institution. Thirty-six volunteers (body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2) between 18 and 45 years of age will be randomized to the WBS group (WBSG) or control (Sham) group (ShamG) after being submitted to BS. Preoperative assessments will include maximal and submaximal exercise testing, body composition, blood inflammatory markers, and quadriceps strength and endurance. The second day after discharge, body composition will be evaluated and a 6-min walk test (6MWT) will be performed. The WBS or Sham protocol will consist of 30 daily sessions for 6 consecutive weeks. Afterwards, the same assessments that were performed in the preoperative period will be repeated. Discussion Considering the important role of WBS in skeletal muscle conditioning and its value as an aid in exercise performance, the proposed study will investigate this technique as a tool to promote early rehabilitation in these patients, and as a strategy to enhance exercise capacity, weight loss, and peripheral muscle strength with positive systemic effects. The present study is still ongoing, and data will be published after its conclusion. Trial registration REBEC, RBR-99qw5h. Registered on 20 February 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2844-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Delgado André
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Renata P Basso-Vanelli
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luciana Di Thommazo-Luporini
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Paula Angélica Ricci
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ramona Cabiddu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Soraia Pilon Jürgensen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Claudio Ricardo de Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
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50
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McCormick R, Vasilaki A. Age-related changes in skeletal muscle: changes to life-style as a therapy. Biogerontology 2018; 19:519-536. [PMID: 30259289 PMCID: PMC6223729 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As we age, there is an age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia results in a decrease in mobility and independence, as well as an increase in the risk of other morbidities and mortality. Sarcopenia is therefore a major socio-economical problem. The mechanisms behind sarcopenia are unclear and it is likely that it is a multifactorial condition with changes in numerous important mechanisms all contributing to the structural and functional deterioration. Here, we review the major proposed changes which occur in skeletal muscle during ageing and highlight evidence for changes in physical activity and nutrition as therapeutic approaches to combat age-related skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McCormick
- Musculoskeletal Biology II, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Musculoskeletal Biology II, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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