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E Y, Lin Y, Yan G, Yang J, Jiao L, Wu R, Yan Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Yan X, Li H. Exogenous H 2S alleviates senescence of glomerular mesangial cells through up-regulating mitophagy by activation of AMPK-ULK1-PINK1-parkin pathway in mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119568. [PMID: 37597773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third gas signaling molecule that has been shown to be involved in the regulating vital activities in the body, including inhibition of aging. However, it is unknown whether H2S alleviates aging in the kidney and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) by modulating their mitophagy. Here, results of experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that compared with control group, the renal function of mice and GMCs viability were decreased in D-gal (D-galactose) group, while the activity of SA-β-gal and p21 expression were increased, Cyclin D1 and Klotho expressions were decreased; H2S content and CSE expression were lower; ROS and MDA contents and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were risedose; ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were reduced; Apoptotic rate, the expression of Cleaved caspase-9 and -3, Cyt c, p62 and Drp1 were enhanced and the expression of Bcl-2, Mfn2, Beclin-1, LC3 II/I, PINK1 and parkin were decreased. In addition, phospho-AMPK/AMPK and phospho-ULK1/ULK1 were also decreased significantly. Compared with the D-gal group, the changes of above indexes were reversed in the D-gal + NaHS (Sodium hydrosulfide, an exogenous H2S donor) group. The reverse effects of NaHS were similar to that of AICAR (an AMPK agonist) and kinetin (a PINK1 agonist), respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous H2S increases mitophagy and inhibits apoptosis as well as oxidative stress through up-regulation of AMPK-ULK1-PINK1-parkin pathway, which delays kidney senescence in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi E
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiahe Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lijie Jiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ren Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiuyi Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yinuo Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yongxiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xinwu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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2
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Radaelli E, Assenmacher CA, Verrelle J, Banerjee E, Manero F, Khiati S, Girona A, Lopez-Lluch G, Navas P, Spinazzi M. Mitochondrial defects caused by PARL deficiency lead to arrested spermatogenesis and ferroptosis. eLife 2023; 12:e84710. [PMID: 37505079 PMCID: PMC10519710 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility are common manifestations associated with mitochondrial diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient for the mitochondrial intra-membrane rhomboid protease PARL, a recently reported model of the mitochondrial encephalopathy Leigh syndrome, develop early testicular atrophy caused by a complete arrest of spermatogenesis during meiotic prophase I, followed by degeneration and death of arrested spermatocytes. This process is independent of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, genetic modifications of PINK1, PGAM5, and TTC19 - three major substrates of PARL with important roles in mitochondrial homeostasis - fail to reproduce or modify this severe phenotype, indicating that the spermatogenic arrest arises from distinct molecular pathways. We further observed severe abnormalities in mitochondrial ultrastructure in PARL-deficient spermatocytes, along with prominent electron transfer chain defects, disrupted coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, and metabolic rewiring. These mitochondrial defects are associated with a germ cell-specific decrease in GPX4 expression leading arrested spermatocytes to ferroptosis - a regulated cell death modality characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest that mitochondrial defects induced by PARL depletion act as an initiating trigger for ferroptosis in primary spermatocytes through simultaneous effects on GPX4 and CoQ - two major inhibitors of ferroptosis. These findings shed new light on the potential role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases and male infertility warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jillian Verrelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Esha Banerjee
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | | | - Salim Khiati
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of AngersAngersFrance
| | - Anais Girona
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of AngersAngersFrance
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de AndalucíaSevillaSpain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de AndalucíaSevillaSpain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of AngersAngersFrance
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, CHU AngersAngersFrance
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3
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Leuzzi V, Galosi S. Experimental pharmacology: Targeting metabolic pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:259-315. [PMID: 37482395 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the treatment for Wilson disease a growing number of treatable inherited dystonias have been identified and their search and treatment have progressively been implemented in the clinics of patients with dystonia. While waiting for gene therapy to be more widely and adequately translated into the clinical setting, the efforts to divert the natural course of dystonia reside in unveiling its pathogenesis. Specific metabolic treatments can rewrite the natural history of the disease by preventing neurotoxic metabolite accumulation or interfering with the cell accumulation of damaging metabolites, restoring energetic cell fuel, supplementing defective metabolites, and supplementing the defective enzyme. A metabolic derangement of cell homeostasis is part of the progression of many non-metabolic genetic lesions and could be the target for possible metabolic approaches. In this chapter, we provided an update on treatment strategies for treatable inherited dystonias and an overview of genetic dystonias with new experimental therapeutic approaches available or close to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Guile MD, Jain A, Anderson KA, Clarke CF. New Insights on the Uptake and Trafficking of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1391. [PMID: 37507930 PMCID: PMC10376127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential lipid with many cellular functions, such as electron transport for cellular respiration, antioxidant protection, redox homeostasis, and ferroptosis suppression. Deficiencies in CoQ due to aging, genetic disease, or medication can be ameliorated by high-dose supplementation. As such, an understanding of the uptake and transport of CoQ may inform methods of clinical use and identify how to better treat deficiency. Here, we review what is known about the cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of CoQ from yeast, mammalian cell culture, and rodent models, as well as its absorption at the organism level. We discuss the use of these model organisms to probe the mechanisms of uptake and distribution. The literature indicates that CoQ uptake and distribution are multifaceted processes likely to have redundancies in its transport, utilizing the endomembrane system and newly identified proteins that function as lipid transporters. Impairment of the trafficking of either endogenous or exogenous CoQ exerts profound effects on metabolism and stress response. This review also highlights significant gaps in our knowledge of how CoQ is distributed within the cell and suggests future directions of research to better understand this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Guile
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Akash Jain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Kyle A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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5
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Deshwal S, Onishi M, Tatsuta T, Bartsch T, Cors E, Ried K, Lemke K, Nolte H, Giavalisco P, Langer T. Mitochondria regulate intracellular coenzyme Q transport and ferroptotic resistance via STARD7. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:246-257. [PMID: 36658222 PMCID: PMC9928583 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (or ubiquinone) is a redox-active lipid that serves as universal electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and antioxidant in the plasma membrane limiting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Mechanisms allowing cellular coenzyme Q distribution after synthesis within mitochondria are not understood. Here we identify the cytosolic lipid transfer protein STARD7 as a critical factor of intracellular coenzyme Q transport and suppressor of ferroptosis. Dual localization of STARD7 to the intermembrane space of mitochondria and the cytosol upon cleavage by the rhomboid protease PARL ensures the synthesis of coenzyme Q in mitochondria and its transport to the plasma membrane. While mitochondrial STARD7 preserves coenzyme Q synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation function and cristae morphogenesis, cytosolic STARD7 is required for the transport of coenzyme Q to the plasma membrane and protects against ferroptosis. A coenzyme Q variant competes with phosphatidylcholine for binding to purified STARD7 in vitro. Overexpression of cytosolic STARD7 increases ferroptotic resistance of the cells, but limits coenzyme Q abundance in mitochondria and respiratory cell growth. Our findings thus demonstrate the need to coordinate coenzyme Q synthesis and cellular distribution by PARL-mediated STARD7 processing and identify PARL and STARD7 as promising targets to interfere with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Deshwal
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mashun Onishi
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Tatsuta
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Bartsch
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eileen Cors
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Ried
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Lemke
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- grid.419502.b0000 0004 0373 6590Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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7
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González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Bakkali M, Barriocanal-Casado E, Escames G, Chiozzi RZ, Völlmy F, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Heck AJR, López LC. The Q-junction and the inflammatory response are critical pathological and therapeutic factors in CoQ deficiency. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102403. [PMID: 35863266 PMCID: PMC9301574 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in Coenzyme Q (CoQ) metabolism have been associated with primary mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic conditions. The consequences of CoQ deficiency have not been fully addressed, and effective treatment remains challenging. Here, we use mice with primary CoQ deficiency (Coq9R239X), and we demonstrate that CoQ deficiency profoundly alters the Q-junction, leading to extensive changes in the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, in the brain. CoQ deficiency also induces reactive gliosis, which mediates a neuroinflammatory response, both of which lead to an encephalopathic phenotype. Importantly, treatment with either vanillic acid (VA) or β-resorcylic acid (β-RA), two analogs of the natural precursor for CoQ biosynthesis, partially restores CoQ metabolism, particularly in the kidneys, and induces profound normalization of the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism, ultimately leading to reductions in gliosis, neuroinflammation and spongiosis and, consequently, reversing the phenotype. Together, these results provide key mechanistic insights into defects in CoQ metabolism and identify potential disease biomarkers. Furthermore, our findings clearly indicate that the use of analogs of the CoQ biosynthetic precursor is a promising alternative therapy for primary CoQ deficiency and has potential for use in the treatment of more common neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases that are associated with secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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8
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Feugere L, Scott VF, Rodriguez-Barucg Q, Beltran-Alvarez P, Wollenberg Valero KC. Thermal stress induces a positive phenotypic and molecular feedback loop in zebrafish embryos. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103114. [PMID: 34863478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms must cope with both rising and rapidly changing temperatures. These thermal changes can affect numerous traits, from molecular to ecological scales. Biotic stressors are already known to induce the release of chemical cues which trigger behavioural responses in other individuals. In this study, we infer whether fluctuating temperature, as an abiotic stressor, may similarly induce stress-like responses in individuals not directly exposed to the stressor. To test this hypothesis, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed for 24 h to fluctuating thermal stress, to medium in which another embryo was thermally stressed before ("stress medium"), and to a combination of these. Growth, behaviour, expression of molecular markers, and of whole-embryo cortisol were used to characterise the thermal stress response and its propagation between embryos. Both fluctuating high temperature and stress medium significantly accelerated development, by shifting stressed embryos from segmentation to pharyngula stages, and altered embryonic activity. Importantly, we found that the expression of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), the antioxidant gene SOD1, and of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly altered by stress medium. This study illustrates the existence of positive thermal stress feedback loops in zebrafish embryos where heat stress can induce stress-like responses in conspecifics, but which might operate via different molecular pathways. If similar effects also occur under less severe heat stress regimes, this mechanism may be relevant in natural settings as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauric Feugere
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria F Scott
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom; Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Rodriguez-Barucg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina C Wollenberg Valero
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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9
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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10
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β-RA Targets Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adipogenesis, Leading to Therapeutic Benefits against CoQ Deficiency and Age-Related Overweight. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101457. [PMID: 34680574 PMCID: PMC8533582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes, leading to the abnormal function of specific mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a secondary event in more common pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In both cases, the improvement and management of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. Here, we show that beta-resorcylic acid (β-RA), which is a natural phenolic compound, competed in vivo with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is the natural precursor of coenzyme Q biosynthesis. This led to a decrease in demethoxyubiquinone, which is an intermediate metabolite of CoQ biosynthesis that is abnormally accumulated in Coq9R239X mice. As a consequence, β-RA rescued the phenotype of Coq9R239X mice, which is a model of primary mitochondrial encephalopathy. Moreover, we observed that long-term treatment with β-RA also reduced the size and content of the white adipose tissue (WAT) that is normally accumulated during aging in wild-type mice, leading to the prevention of hepatic steatosis and an increase in survival at the elderly stage of life. The reduction in WAT content was due to a decrease in adipogenesis, an adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome in the kidneys, and stimulation of glycolysis and acetyl-CoA metabolism. Therefore, our results demonstrate that β-RA acted through different cellular mechanisms, with effects on mitochondrial metabolism; as such, it may be used for the treatment of primary coenzyme Q deficiency, overweight, and hepatic steatosis.
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11
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Le Vasseur M, Friedman J, Jost M, Xu J, Yamada J, Kampmann M, Horlbeck MA, Salemi MR, Phinney BS, Weissman JS, Nunnari J. Genome-wide CRISPRi screening identifies OCIAD1 as a prohibitin client and regulatory determinant of mitochondrial Complex III assembly in human cells. eLife 2021; 10:67624. [PMID: 34034859 PMCID: PMC8154037 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) is a major cause of human mitochondrial diseases. To identify determinants of mETC function, we screened a genome-wide human CRISPRi library under oxidative metabolic conditions with selective inhibition of mitochondrial Complex III and identified ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen (OCIA) domain-containing protein 1 (OCIAD1) as a Complex III assembly factor. We find that OCIAD1 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that forms a complex with supramolecular prohibitin assemblies. Our data indicate that OCIAD1 is required for maintenance of normal steady-state levels of Complex III and the proteolytic processing of the catalytic subunit cytochrome c1 (CYC1). In OCIAD1 depleted mitochondria, unprocessed CYC1 is hemylated and incorporated into Complex III. We propose that OCIAD1 acts as an adaptor within prohibitin assemblies to stabilize and/or chaperone CYC1 and to facilitate its proteolytic processing by the IMMP2L protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Le Vasseur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jonathan Friedman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Justin Yamada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michelle R Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jodi Nunnari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
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12
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Yuan S, Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Straub AC. CoenzymeQ in cellular redox regulation and clinical heart failure. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:321-334. [PMID: 33753238 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is ubiquitously embedded in lipid bilayers of various cellular organelles. As a redox cycler, CoQ shuttles electrons between mitochondrial complexes and extramitochondrial reductases and oxidases. In this way, CoQ is crucial for maintaining the mitochondrial function, ATP synthesis, and redox homeostasis. Cardiomyocytes have a high metabolic rate and rely heavily on mitochondria to provide energy. CoQ levels, in both plasma and the heart, correlate with heart failure in patients, indicating that CoQ is critical for cardiac function. Moreover, CoQ supplementation in clinics showed promising results for treating heart failure. This review provides a comprehensive view of CoQ metabolism and its interaction with redox enzymes and reactive species. We summarize the clinical trials and applications of CoQ in heart failure and discuss the caveats and future directions to improve CoQ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Alcázar-Fabra M, Rodríguez-Sánchez F, Trevisson E, Brea-Calvo G. Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies: A literature review and online platform of clinical features to uncover genotype-phenotype correlations. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:141-180. [PMID: 33677064 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiencies are clinically heterogeneous conditions and lack clear genotype-phenotype correlations, complicating diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Here we present a compilation of all the symptoms and patients with primary CoQ deficiency described in the literature so far and analyse the most common clinical manifestations associated with pathogenic variants identified in the different COQ genes. In addition, we identified new associations between the age of onset of symptoms and different pathogenic variants, which could help to a better diagnosis and guided treatment. To make these results useable for clinicians, we created an online platform (https://coenzymeQbiology.github.io/clinic-CoQ-deficiency) about clinical manifestations of primary CoQ deficiency that will be periodically updated to incorporate new information published in the literature. Since CoQ primary deficiency is a rare disease, the available data are still limited, but as new patients are added over time, this tool could become a key resource for a more efficient diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, 35128, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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14
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Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Barriocanal-Casado E, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, López LC. Metabolic Targets of Coenzyme Q10 in Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:520. [PMID: 33810539 PMCID: PMC8066821 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is classically viewed as an important endogenous antioxidant and key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. For this second function, CoQ molecules seem to be dynamically segmented in a pool attached and engulfed by the super-complexes I + III, and a free pool available for complex II or any other mitochondrial enzyme that uses CoQ as a cofactor. This CoQ-free pool is, therefore, used by enzymes that link the mitochondrial respiratory chain to other pathways, such as the pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid catabolism, glycine metabolism, proline, glyoxylate and arginine metabolism, and sulfide oxidation metabolism. Some of these mitochondrial pathways are also connected to metabolic pathways in other compartments of the cell and, consequently, CoQ could indirectly modulate metabolic pathways located outside the mitochondria. Thus, we review the most relevant findings in all these metabolic functions of CoQ and their relations with the pathomechanisms of some metabolic diseases, highlighting some future perspectives and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M. Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-G.); (M.E.D.-C.); (E.B.-C.); (S.L.-H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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15
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Dietary restriction transforms the mammalian protein persulfidome in a tissue-specific and cystathionine γ-lyase-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1745. [PMID: 33741971 PMCID: PMC7979915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cytoprotective redox-active metabolite that signals through protein persulfidation (R-SSnH). Despite the known importance of persulfidation, tissue-specific persulfidome profiles and their associated functions are not well characterized, specifically under conditions and interventions known to modulate H2S production. We hypothesize that dietary restriction (DR), which increases lifespan and can boost H2S production, expands tissue-specific persulfidomes. Here, we find protein persulfidation enriched in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain but decreased in heart of young and aged male mice under two forms of DR, with DR promoting persulfidation in numerous metabolic and aging-related pathways. Mice lacking cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) have overall decreased tissue protein persulfidation numbers and fail to functionally augment persulfidomes in response to DR, predominantly in kidney, muscle, and brain. Here, we define tissue- and CGL-dependent persulfidomes and how diet transforms their makeup, underscoring the breadth for DR and H2S to impact biological processes and organismal health. Dietary restriction (DR) can increase protein persulfidation but the tissue specificity of this process is not well understood. Here, the authors compare organ-specific protein persulfidomes in young and aged mice under DR, and show that DR-dependent persulfidome changes depend on cystathionine γ-lyase.
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16
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Gueguen N, Baris O, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Spinazzi M. Secondary coenzyme Q deficiency in neurological disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:203-218. [PMID: 33450382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a ubiquitous lipid serving essential cellular functions. It is the only component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that can be exogenously absorbed. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge, controversies, and open questions about CoQ intracellular and tissue distribution, in particular in brain and skeletal muscle. We discuss human neurological diseases and mouse models associated with secondary CoQ deficiency in these tissues and highlight pharmacokinetic and anatomical challenges in exogenous CoQ biodistribution, recent improvements in CoQ formulations and imaging, as well as alternative therapeutical strategies to CoQ supplementation. The last section proposes possible mechanisms underlying secondary CoQ deficiency in human diseases with emphasis on neurological and neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naig Gueguen
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Baris
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of Angers, 49933, Angers, France; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, CHU Angers, 49933, Angers, France.
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17
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González-García P, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Mascaraque C, Barriocanal-Casado E, Bakkali M, Ziosi M, Abdihankyzy UB, Sánchez-Hernández S, Escames G, Prokisch H, Martín F, Quinzii CM, López LC. Coenzyme Q10 modulates sulfide metabolism and links the mitochondrial respiratory chain to pathways associated to one carbon metabolism. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3296-3311. [PMID: 32975579 PMCID: PMC7724311 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of one carbon, glutathione and sulfide metabolisms have recently emerged as novel pathomechanisms in diseases with mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities are not clear. Also, we recently showed that sulfide oxidation is impaired in Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. This finding leads us to hypothesize that the therapeutic effects of CoQ10, frequently administered to patients with primary or secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, might be due to its function as cofactor for sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), the first enzyme in the sulfide oxidation pathway. Here, using biased and unbiased approaches, we show that supraphysiological levels of CoQ10 induces an increase in the expression of SQOR in skin fibroblasts from control subjects and patients with mutations in Complex I subunits genes or CoQ biosynthetic genes. This increase of SQOR induces the downregulation of the cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, two enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, the subsequent downregulation of serine biosynthesis and the adaptation of other sulfide linked pathways, such as folate cycle, nucleotides metabolism and glutathione system. These metabolic changes are independent of the presence of sulfur aminoacids, are confirmed in mouse models, and are recapitulated by overexpression of SQOR, further proving that the metabolic effects of CoQ10 supplementation are mediated by the overexpression of SQOR. Our results contribute to a better understanding of how sulfide metabolism is integrated in one carbon metabolism and may explain some of the benefits of CoQ10 supplementation observed in mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Cristina Mascaraque
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München 81675, Germany
| | - Francisco Martín
- Genomic Medicine Department, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada 18007, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, NY, USA
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
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18
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The role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases in sulfite biosynthesis and H 2S metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101800. [PMID: 33271457 PMCID: PMC7711302 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency are two rare genetic disorders that are caused by impairment of the mitochondrial enzyme sulfite oxidase. Sulfite oxidase is catalyzing the terminal reaction of cellular cysteine catabolism, the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Absence of sulfite oxidase leads to the accumulation of sulfite, which has been identified as a cellular toxin. However, the molecular pathways leading to the production of sulfite are still not completely understood. In order to identify novel treatment options for both disorders, the understanding of cellular cysteine catabolism – and its alterations upon loss of sulfite oxidase – is of utmost importance. Here we applied a new detection method of sulfite in cellular extracts to dissect the contribution of cytosolic and mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in the transformation of cysteine sulfinic acid to sulfite and pyruvate. We found that the cytosolic isoform GOT1 is primarily responsible for the production of sulfite. Moreover, loss of sulfite oxidase activity results in the accumulation of sulfite, H2S and persulfidated cysteine and glutathione, which is consistent with an increase of SQR protein levels. Surprisingly, none of the known H2S-producing pathways were found to be upregulated under conditions of sulfite toxicity suggesting an alternative route of sulfite-induced shift from oxidative to H2S dependent cysteine catabolism. Cellular sulfite detection enables investigation of cysteine catabolism in cell extracts. Cytosolic glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 is the primary source for cellular sulfite. Deficiency of sulfite oxidase leads to accumulation of H2S and persulfidated small molecules. Sulfite oxidase deficiency results in a downregulation of H2S synthesis and increased SQR expression.
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19
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Disorders of Human Coenzyme Q10 Metabolism: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186695. [PMID: 32933108 PMCID: PMC7555759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a number of vital functions in all cells, both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial. In addition to its key role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, CoQ10 serves as a lipid soluble antioxidant, plays an important role in fatty acid, pyrimidine and lysosomal metabolism, as well as directly mediating the expression of a number of genes, including those involved in inflammation. In view of the central role of CoQ10 in cellular metabolism, it is unsurprising that a CoQ10 deficiency is linked to the pathogenesis of a range of disorders. CoQ10 deficiency is broadly classified into primary or secondary deficiencies. Primary deficiencies result from genetic defects in the multi-step biochemical pathway of CoQ10 synthesis, whereas secondary deficiencies can occur as result of other diseases or certain pharmacotherapies. In this article we have reviewed the clinical consequences of primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies, as well as providing some examples of the successful use of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of disease.
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20
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Friederich MW, Elias AF, Kuster A, Laugwitz L, Larson AA, Landry AP, Ellwood‐Digel L, Mirsky DM, Dimmock D, Haven J, Jiang H, MacLean KN, Styren K, Schoof J, Goujon L, Lefrancois T, Friederich M, Coughlin CR, Banerjee R, Haack TB, Van Hove JLK. Pathogenic variants in SQOR encoding sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase are a potentially treatable cause of Leigh disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1024-1036. [PMID: 32160317 PMCID: PMC7484123 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule formed mainly from cysteine, is catabolized by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (gene SQOR). Toxic hydrogen sulfide exposure inhibits complex IV. We describe children of two families with pathogenic variants in SQOR. Exome sequencing identified variants; SQOR enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically, protein levels evaluated by western blotting, and mitochondrial function was assayed. In family A, following a brief illness, a 4-year-old girl presented comatose with lactic acidosis and multiorgan failure. After stabilization, she remained comatose, hypotonic, had neurostorming episodes, elevated lactate, and Leigh-like lesions on brain imaging. She died shortly after. Her 8-year-old sister presented with a rapidly fatal episode of coma with lactic acidosis, and lesions in the basal ganglia and left cortex. Muscle and liver tissue had isolated decreased complex IV activity, but normal complex IV protein levels and complex formation. Both patients were homozygous for c.637G > A, which we identified as a founder mutation in the Lehrerleut Hutterite with a carrier frequency of 1 in 13. The resulting p.Glu213Lys change disrupts hydrogen bonding with neighboring residues, resulting in severely reduced SQOR protein and enzyme activity, whereas sulfide generating enzyme levels were unchanged. In family B, a boy had episodes of encephalopathy and basal ganglia lesions. He was homozygous for c.446delT and had severely reduced fibroblast SQOR enzyme activity and protein levels. SQOR dysfunction can result in hydrogen sulfide accumulation, which, consistent with its known toxicity, inhibits complex IV resulting in energy failure. In conclusion, SQOR deficiency represents a new, potentially treatable, cause of Leigh disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa W. Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Abdallah F. Elias
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Alice Kuster
- Department of NeurometabolismUniversity Hospital of NantesNantesFrance
- INRAE, UMR1280, PhAN, Nantes UniversitéNantesFrance
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Angewandte GenomikUniversitätsklinikum, University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Austin A. Larson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Aaron P. Landry
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Logan Ellwood‐Digel
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - David M. Mirsky
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Colorado, and Children's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic MedicineSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Jaclyn Haven
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Hua Jiang
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Kenneth N. MacLean
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Katie Styren
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Jonathan Schoof
- Department of Medical GeneticsShodair Children's HospitalHelenaMontana
| | - Louise Goujon
- Department of NeurometabolismUniversity Hospital of NantesNantesFrance
- Service de Génétique CliniqueUniversity Hospital of RennesRennesFrance
| | | | - Maike Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Curtis R. Coughlin
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- INRAE, UMR1280, PhAN, Nantes UniversitéNantesFrance
- Centre for Rare DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Johan L. K. Van Hove
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColorado
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
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21
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Ersoy M, Tiranti V, Zeviani M. Ethylmalonic encephalopathy: Clinical course and therapy response in an uncommon mild case with a severe ETHE1 mutation. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100641. [PMID: 32923369 PMCID: PMC7476058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by dysfunction of ETHE1 protein, a mitochondrial dioxygenase involved in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detoxification. EE is usually a fatal disease with a severe clinical course mainly associated with developmental delay and regression, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhoea. Treatment includes antioxidants, antibiotics that lower H2S levels and antispastic medications, which are not curative. The mutations causing absence of the ETHE1 protein, as is the case for the described patient, usually entail a severe fatal phenotype. Although there are rare reported cases with mild clinical findings, the mechanism leading to these milder cases is also unclear. Here, we describe an 11-year-old boy with an ETHE1 gene mutation who has no neurocognitive impairment but chronic diarrhoea, which is controlled by oral medical treatment, and progressive spastic paraparesis that responded to Achilles tendon lengthening.
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Key Words
- 3-MST, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase
- CAT, cysteine aminotransferase
- CBS, cystathionine β-synthase
- CSE, cystathionine γ-lyase
- EE, ethylmalonic encephalopathy
- EMA, ethylmalonic acid
- ETHE1 gene
- GSH, glutathione
- H2S
- H2S, hydrogen sulfide
- H2SO3, persulfide
- MTZ, metronidazole
- Mild course
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- SCAD, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- SDO, sulfur dioxygenase
- SQR, sulfide quinone oxidoreductase
- SUOX, sulfite oxidase
- TST, thiosulfate sulfur transferase
- Therapy response
- UQ, quinone
- cIII, complex III
- cIV, complex IV
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ersoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Mitochondrial Disorders Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- The Clinical School, University of Padova Department of Neurosciences Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine Via Orus 2, Padova, Italy
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22
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Awad AM, Nag A, Pham NVB, Bradley MC, Jabassini N, Nathaniel J, Clarke CF. Intragenic suppressor mutations of the COQ8 protein kinase homolog restore coenzyme Q biosynthesis and function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234192. [PMID: 32479562 PMCID: PMC7263595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Coq8 is a member of the ancient UbiB atypical protein kinase family. Coq8, and its orthologs UbiB, ABC1, ADCK3, and ADCK4, are required for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q in yeast, E. coli, A. thaliana, and humans. Each Coq8 ortholog retains nine highly conserved protein kinase-like motifs, yet its functional role in coenzyme Q biosynthesis remains mysterious. Coq8 may function as an ATPase whose activity is stimulated by coenzyme Q intermediates and phospholipids. A key yeast point mutant expressing Coq8-A197V was previously shown to result in a coenzyme Q-less, respiratory deficient phenotype. The A197V substitution occurs in the crucial Ala-rich protein kinase-like motif I of yeast Coq8. Here we show that long-term cultures of mutants expressing Coq8-A197V produce spontaneous revertants with the ability to grow on medium containing a non-fermentable carbon source. Each revertant is shown to harbor a secondary intragenic suppressor mutation within the COQ8 gene. The intragenic suppressors restore the synthesis of coenzyme Q. One class of the suppressors fully restores the levels of coenzyme Q and key Coq polypeptides necessary for the maintenance and integrity of the high-molecular mass CoQ synthome (also termed complex Q), while the other class provides only a partial rescue. Mutants harboring the first class of suppressors grow robustly under respiratory conditions, while mutants containing the second class grow more slowly under these conditions. Our work provides insight into the function of this important yet still enigmatic Coq8 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agape M. Awad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nguyen V. B. Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nour Jabassini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Nathaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine F. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Update Review about Metabolic Myopathies. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10040043. [PMID: 32316520 PMCID: PMC7235760 DOI: 10.3390/life10040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss recent findings and new insights in the etiology and phenotype of metabolic myopathies. The review relies on a systematic literature review of recent publications. Metabolic myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by mostly inherited defects of enzymatic pathways involved in muscle cell metabolism. Metabolic myopathies present with either permanent (fixed) or episodic abnormalities, such as weakness, wasting, exercise-intolerance, myalgia, or an increase of muscle breakdown products (creatine-kinase, myoglobin) during exercise. Though limb and respiratory muscles are most frequently affected, facial, extra-ocular, and axial muscles may be occasionally also involved. Age at onset and prognosis vary considerably. There are multiple disease mechanisms and the pathophysiology is complex. Genes most recently related to metabolic myopathy include PGM1, GYG1, RBCK1, VMA21, MTO1, KARS, and ISCA2. The number of metabolic myopathies is steadily increasing. There is limited evidence from the literature that could guide diagnosis and treatment of metabolic myopathies. Treatment is limited to mainly non-invasive or invasive symptomatic measures. In conclusion, the field of metabolic myopathies is evolving with the more widespread availability and application of next generation sequencing technologies worldwide. This will broaden the knowledge about pathophysiology and putative therapeutic strategies for this group of neuromuscular disorders.
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24
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Abnormalities of hydrogen sulfide and glutathione pathways in mitochondrial dysfunction. J Adv Res 2020; 27:79-84. [PMID: 33318868 PMCID: PMC7728579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial disorders are genetic diseases for which therapy remains woefully inadequate. Therapy of these disorders is particularly challenging partially due to the heterogeneity and tissue-specificity of pathomechanisms involved in these disorders. Abnormalities in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism are emerging as novel mechanism in mitochondrial dysfunction. However, further studies are necessary to understand the effects, protective or detrimental, of these abnormalities, and their relevance, in mitochondrial diseases. Aim of Review To review the recent evidences of derangement of the metabolism of H2S, at biosynthesis or oxidation levels, in mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing specifically on the alterations of H2S oxidation caused by primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Mitochondria play a key role in the regulation of H2S and GSH metabolism pathways. However, further studies are needed to understand the consequences of abnormalities of H2S and GSH synthesis on the oxidation pathway, and vice versa; and on the levels of H2S and GSH, their tissue-specific detrimental effects, and their role the role in mitochondrial diseases. Beside the known H2S pathways, additional, tissue-specific, enzymatic systems, involved in H2S production and elimination, might exist.
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25
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Liu D, Zhang J, Lü C, Xia Y, Liu H, Jiao N, Xun L, Liu J. Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC7002 Uses Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase To Detoxify Exogenous Sulfide and To Convert Endogenous Sulfide to Cellular Sulfane Sulfur. mBio 2020; 11:e03420-19. [PMID: 32098824 PMCID: PMC7042703 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03420-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication and deoxygenation possibly occur in coastal waters due to excessive nutrients from agricultural and aquacultural activities, leading to sulfide accumulation. Cyanobacteria, as photosynthetic prokaryotes, play significant roles in carbon fixation in the ocean. Although some cyanobacteria can use sulfide as the electron donor for photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions, little is known on how they interact with sulfide under aerobic conditions. In this study, we report that Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7002 (PCC7002), harboring an sqr gene encoding sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR), oxidized self-produced sulfide to S0, present as persulfide and polysulfide in the cell. The Δsqr mutant contained less cellular S0 and had increased expression of key genes involved in photosynthesis, but it was less competitive than the wild type in cocultures. Further, PCC7002 with SQR and persulfide dioxygenase (PDO) oxidized exogenous sulfide to tolerate high sulfide levels. Thus, SQR offers some benefits to cyanobacteria even under aerobic conditions, explaining the common presence of SQR in cyanobacteria.IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are a major force for primary production via oxygenic photosynthesis in the ocean. A marine cyanobacterium, PCC7002, is actively involved in sulfide metabolism. It uses SQR to detoxify exogenous sulfide, enabling it to survive better than its Δsqr mutant in sulfide-rich environments. PCC7002 also uses SQR to oxidize endogenously generated sulfide to S0, which is required for the proper expression of key genes involved in photosynthesis. Thus, SQR has at least two physiological functions in PCC7002. The observation provides a new perspective for the interplays of C and S cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Burger N, Logan A, Prime TA, Mottahedin A, Caldwell ST, Krieg T, Hartley RC, James AM, Murphy MP. A sensitive mass spectrometric assay for mitochondrial CoQ pool redox state in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:37-47. [PMID: 31811922 PMCID: PMC6975167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential cofactor, primarily found in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it functions as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain, and as a lipophilic antioxidant. The redox state of the CoQ pool is the ratio of its oxidised (ubiquinone) and reduced (ubiquinol) forms, and is a key indicator of mitochondrial bioenergetic and antioxidant status. However, the role of CoQ redox state in vivo is poorly understood, because determining its value is technically challenging due to redox changes during isolation, extraction and analysis. To address these problems, we have developed a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay that enables us to extract and analyse both the CoQ redox state and the magnitude of the CoQ pool with negligible changes to redox state from small amounts of tissue. This will enable the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the CoQ redox state to be investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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27
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Galosi S, Barca E, Carrozzo R, Schirinzi T, Quinzii CM, Lieto M, Vasco G, Zanni G, Di Nottia M, Galatolo D, Filla A, Bertini E, Santorelli FM, Leuzzi V, Haas R, Hirano M, Friedman J. Dystonia-Ataxia with early handwriting deterioration in COQ8A mutation carriers: A case series and literature review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 68:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Díaz-Casado ME, Quiles JL, Barriocanal-Casado E, González-García P, Battino M, López LC, Varela-López A. The Paradox of Coenzyme Q 10 in Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092221. [PMID: 31540029 PMCID: PMC6770889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential endogenously synthesized molecule that links different metabolic pathways to mitochondrial energy production thanks to its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its redox capacity, which also provide it with the capability to work as an antioxidant. Although defects in CoQ biosynthesis in human and mouse models cause CoQ deficiency syndrome, some animals models with particular defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway have shown an increase in life span, a fact that has been attributed to the concept of mitohormesis. Paradoxically, CoQ levels decline in some tissues in human and rodents during aging and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has shown benefits as an anti-aging agent, especially under certain conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has shown therapeutic benefits in aging-related disorders, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, we discuss the paradox of health benefits due to a defect in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or exogenous supplementation of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Díaz-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Pilar González-García
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Luis C López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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29
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Heaton R, Millichap L, Saleem F, Gannon J, Begum G, Hargreaves IP. Current biochemical treatments of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1638250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fatima Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer Gannon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gemma Begum
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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30
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Cerqua C, Casarin A, Pierrel F, Vazquez Fonseca L, Viola G, Salviati L, Trevisson E. Vitamin K2 cannot substitute Coenzyme Q 10 as electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6553. [PMID: 31024065 PMCID: PMC6484000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are a group of heterogeneous conditions that respond to ubiquinone administration if treated soon after the onset of symptoms. However, this treatment is only partially effective due to its poor bioavailability. We tested whether vitamin K2, which was reported to act as a mitochondrial electron carrier in D. melanogaster, could mimic ubiquinone function in human CoQ10 deficient cell lines, and in yeast carrying mutations in genes required for coenzyme Q6 (CoQ6) biosynthesis. We found that vitamin K2, despite entering into mitochondria, restored neither electron flow in the respiratory chain, nor ATP synthesis. Conversely, coenzyme Q4 (CoQ4), an analog of CoQ10 with a shorter isoprenoid side chain, could efficiently substitute its function. Given its better solubility, CoQ4 could represent an alternative to CoQ10 in patients with both primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerqua
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luis Vazquez Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,Pediatric Hematooncology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
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31
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Casuso RA, Al-Fazazi S, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, López LC, Plaza-Díaz J, Rueda-Robles A, Huertas JR. Hydroxytyrosol influences exercise-induced mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly into supercomplexes in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:304-310. [PMID: 30685403 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) has been demonstrated to improve mitochondrial function, both in sedentary and in exercised animals. Herein, we assessed the effects of two different doses of HT on exercise-induced mitochondrial respiratory complex (C) assembly into supercomplexes (SCs) and the relation of the potential results to OPA1 levels and oxidative stress. Wistar rats were allocated into six groups: sedentary (SED), sedentary consuming 20 mg/kg/d of HT (SED-20), sedentary consuming 300 mg/kg/d of HT (SED-300); exercised (EXE), exercised consuming 20 mg/kg/d of HT (EXE-20) and exercised consuming 300 mg/kg/d of HT (EXE-300). Animals were exercised and/or supplemented for 10 weeks, and assembly of SCs, mitochondrial oxidative status and expression of OPA1 were quantified in the gastrocnemius muscle. Both EXE and EXE-20 animals exhibited increased assembly of CI into SCs, but this effect was absent in EXE-300 animals. Levels of CIII2 assembled into SCs were only increased in EXE-20 animals. Notably EXE-300 animals showed a decreased relative expression of s-OPA1 isoforms. Therefore, HT exerted dose-dependent effects on SC assembly in exercised animals. Although the mechanisms leading to SCs assembly in response to exercise and HT are unclear, it seems that a high HT dose can prevent SCs assembly during exercise by decreasing the expression of the s-OPA1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Casuso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Saad Al-Fazazi
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutierrez
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus R Huertas
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Avda del conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Barriocanal-Casado E, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Raimundo N, González-García P, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Escames G, López LC. Rapamycin administration is not a valid therapeutic strategy for every case of mitochondrial disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:511-523. [PMID: 30898651 PMCID: PMC6492073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vast majority of mitochondrial disorders have limited the clinical management to palliative care. Rapamycin has emerged as a potential therapeutic drug for mitochondrial diseases since it has shown therapeutic benefits in a few mouse models of mitochondrial disorders. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is unclear, the minimal effective dose needs to be defined and whether this therapy can be generally used is unknown. Methods We have evaluated whether low and high doses of rapamycin administration may result in therapeutic effects in a mouse model (Coq9R239X) of mitochondrial encephalopathy due to CoQ deficiency. The evaluation involved phenotypic, molecular, image (histopathology and MRI), metabolomics, transcriptomics and bioenergetics analyses. Findings Low dose of rapamycin induces metabolic changes in liver and transcriptomics modifications in midbrain. The high dose of rapamycin induces further changes in the transcriptomics profile in midbrain due to the general inhibition of mTORC1. However, neither low nor high dose of rapamycin were able to improve the mitochondrial bioenergetics, the brain injuries and the phenotypic characteristics of Coq9R239X mice, resulting in the lack of efficacy for increasing the survival. Interpretation These results may be due to the lack of microgliosis-derived neuroinflammation, the limitation to induce autophagy, or the need of a functional CoQ-junction. Therefore, the translation of rapamycin therapy into the clinic for patients with mitochondrial disorders requires, at least, the consideration of the particularities of each mitochondrial disease. Fund Supported by the grants from “Fundación Isabel Gemio - Federación Española de Enfermedades Neuromusculares – Federación FEDER” (TSR-1), the NIH (P01HD080642) and the ERC (Stg-337327).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Institute fur Zellbiochemie, Humboldtallee 23, room 01.423, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain.
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Kohl JB, Mellis A, Schwarz G. Homeostatic impact of sulfite and hydrogen sulfide on cysteine catabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:554-570. [PMID: 30088670 PMCID: PMC6346071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is one of the two key sulfur-containing amino acids with important functions in redox homeostasis, protein functionality and metabolism. Cysteine is taken up by mammals via their diet and can also be derived from methionine via the transsulfuration pathway. The cellular concentration of cysteine is kept within a narrow range by controlling its synthesis and degradation. There are two pathways for the catabolism of cysteine leading to sulfate, taurine and thiosulfate as terminal products. The oxidative pathway produces taurine and sulfate, while the H2 S pathway involves different enzymatic reactions leading to the formation and clearance of H2 S, an important signalling molecule in mammals, resulting in thiosulfate and sulfate. Sulfite is a common intermediate in both catabolic pathways. Sulfite is considered as cytotoxic and produces neurotoxic S-sulfonates. As a result, a deficiency in the terminal steps of cysteine or H2 S catabolism leads to severe forms of encephalopathy with the accumulation of sulfite and H2 S in the body. This review links the homeostatic regulation of both cysteine catabolic pathways to sulfite and H2 S. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Kohl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Anna‐Theresa Mellis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Barriocanal-Casado E, Bakkali M, Díaz-Casado ME, Sánchez-Maldonado L, Romero M, Sayed RK, Prehn C, Escames G, Duarte J, Acuña-Castroviejo D, López LC. β-RA reduces DMQ/CoQ ratio and rescues the encephalopathic phenotype in Coq9R239X mice. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9466. [PMID: 30482867 PMCID: PMC6328940 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency has been associated with primary defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or to secondary events. In some cases, the exogenous CoQ supplementation has limited efficacy. In the Coq9R239X mouse model with fatal mitochondrial encephalopathy due to CoQ deficiency, we have tested the therapeutic potential of β-resorcylic acid (β-RA), a structural analog of the CoQ precursor 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the anti-inflammatory salicylic acid. β-RA noticeably rescued the phenotypic, morphological, and histopathological signs of the encephalopathy, leading to a significant increase in the survival. Those effects were due to the decrease of the levels of demethoxyubiquinone-9 (DMQ9) and the increase of mitochondrial bioenergetics in peripheral tissues. However, neither CoQ biosynthesis nor mitochondrial function changed in the brain after the therapy, suggesting that some endocrine interactions may induce the reduction of the astrogliosis, spongiosis, and the secondary down-regulation of astrocytes-related neuroinflammatory genes. Because the therapeutic outcomes of β-RA administration were superior to those after CoQ10 supplementation, its use in the clinic should be considered in CoQ deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Maldonado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramy K Sayed
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Granada, Spain
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Reduction in the levels of CoQ biosynthetic proteins is related to an increase in lifespan without evidence of hepatic mitohormesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14013. [PMID: 30228311 PMCID: PMC6143522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitohormesis is an adaptive response induced by a mild mitochondrial stress that promotes longevity and metabolic health in different organisms. This mechanism has been proposed as the cause of the increase in the survival in Coq7+/- (Mclk1+/-) mice, which show hepatic reduction of COQ7, early mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Our study shows that the lack of COQ9 in Coq9Q95X mice triggers the reduction of COQ7, COQ6 and COQ5, which results in an increase in life expectancy. However, our results reveal that the hepatic CoQ levels are not decreased and, therefore, neither mitochondrial dysfunction or increased oxidative stress are observed in liver of Coq9Q95X mice. These data point out the tissue specific differences in CoQ biosynthesis. Moreover, our results suggest that the effect of reduced levels of COQ7 on the increased survival in Coq9Q95X mice may be due to mitochondrial mechanisms in non-liver tissues or to other unknown mechanisms.
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Kleiner G, Barca E, Ziosi M, Emmanuele V, Xu Y, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, Qiao C, Tadesse S, Area-Gomez E, Lopez LC, Quinzii CM. CoQ 10 supplementation rescues nephrotic syndrome through normalization of H 2S oxidation pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3708-3722. [PMID: 30251690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent chronic kidney disease in children and young adults, is the most common phenotype associated with primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency and is very responsive to CoQ10 supplementation, although the pathomechanism is not clear. Here, using a mouse model of CoQ deficiency-associated NS, we show that long-term oral CoQ10 supplementation prevents kidney failure by rescuing defects of sulfides oxidation and ameliorating oxidative stress, despite only incomplete normalization of kidney CoQ levels and lack of rescue of CoQ-dependent respiratory enzymes activities. Liver and kidney lipidomics, and urine metabolomics analyses, did not show CoQ metabolites. To further demonstrate that sulfides metabolism defects cause oxidative stress in CoQ deficiency, we show that silencing of sulfide quinone oxido-reductase (SQOR) in wild-type HeLa cells leads to similar increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in HeLa cells depleted of the CoQ biosynthesis regulatory protein COQ8A. While CoQ10 supplementation of COQ8A depleted cells decreases ROS and increases SQOR protein levels, knock-down of SQOR prevents CoQ10 antioxidant effects. We conclude that kidney failure in CoQ deficiency-associated NS is caused by oxidative stress mediated by impaired sulfides oxidation and propose that CoQ supplementation does not significantly increase the kidney pool of CoQ bound to the respiratory supercomplexes, but rather enhances the free pool of CoQ, which stabilizes SQOR protein levels rescuing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yimeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luis C Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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Kumar M, Sandhir R. Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Mediated Through Antioxidant Action Involving Nrf2. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:475-490. [PMID: 30105650 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine metabolism. Elevated plasma Hcy levels (> 15 µM) result in a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which is an independent risk factor in the development of various neurodegenerative disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by auto-oxidation of Hcy have been implicated in HHcy-associated neurological conditions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as a potent neuroprotective and neuromodulator molecule. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ability of NaHS (a source of H2S) to attenuate Hcy-induced oxidative stress and altered antioxidant status in animals subjected to HHcy. Impaired cognitive functions assessed by Y-maze and elevated plus maze in Hcy-treated animals were reversed on NaHS administration. Increased levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-modified proteins were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of Hcy-treated animals suggesting accentuated oxidative stress. This increase in Hcy-induced oxidative stress was reversed following NaHS supplementation. GSH/GSSG ratio, activity of antioxidant enzymes viz; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S-transferase were decreased in Hcy-treated animals. NaHS supplementation, on the otherhand, restored redox ratio and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brains of animals with HHcy. Further, NaHS administration normalized nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain of Hcy-treated animals. Histopathological studies using cresyl violet indicated higher number of pyknotic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of HHcy animals, which were reversed by NaHS administration. The results clearly demonstrate that NaHS treatment significantly ameliorates Hcy-induced cognitive impairment by attenuating oxidative stress, improving antioxidant status, and modulating AChE activity thereby suggesting potential of H2S as a therapeutic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Finsterer J, Scorza FA, Fiorini AC, Scorza CA, de Almeida AC. Lethal Neonatal CoQ Deficiency due to a COQ9 Variant. J Pediatr Neurosci 2018; 13:286-287. [PMID: 30090162 PMCID: PMC6057193 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- KAR, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- KAR, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- KAR, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carla A Scorza
- KAR, Messerli Institute, Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Spinelli JB, Haigis MC. The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:745-754. [PMID: 29950572 PMCID: PMC6541229 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how mitochondria catabolize nutrients for energy, generate biosynthetic precursors for macromolecules, compartmentalize metabolites for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and function as hubs for metabolic waste management. We address the importance of these roles in both normal physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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López-Lluch G, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Navas P. Bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 supplements depends on carrier lipids and solubilization. Nutrition 2018; 57:133-140. [PMID: 30153575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioavailability of supplements with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in humans seems to depend on the excipients of formulations and on physiological characteristics of the individuals. The aim of this study was to determine which factors presented in CoQ10 supplements affect the different response to CoQ10 in humans. METHODS We tested seven different supplement formulations containing 100 mg of CoQ10 in 14 young, healthy individuals. Bioavailability was measured as area under the curve of plasma CoQ10 levels over 48 h after ingestion of a single dose. Measurements were repeated in the same group of 14 volunteers in a double-blind crossover design with a minimum of 4 wk washout between intakes. RESULTS Bioavailability of the formulations showed large differences that were statistically significant. The two best absorbable formulations were soft-gel capsules containing ubiquinone (oxidized CoQ10) or ubiquinol (reduced CoQ10). The matrix used to dissolve CoQ10 and the proportion and addition of preservatives such as vitamin C affected the bioavailability of CoQ10. Although control measurements documented that all formulations contained 100 mg of either CoQ10 or ubiquinol, some of the participants showed high and others lower capacity to reach high increase of CoQ10 in blood, indicating the participation of individual unknown physiological factors. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of individually adapted selection of best formulations to reach the highest bioavailability of CoQ10 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés-Rodríguez
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
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Hine C, Zhu Y, Hollenberg AN, Mitchell JR. Dietary and Endocrine Regulation of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Production: Implications for Longevity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1483-1502. [PMID: 29634343 PMCID: PMC5930795 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at the right concentration is associated with numerous health benefits in experimental organisms, ranging from protection from ischemia/reperfusion injury to life span extension. Given the considerable translation potential, two major strategies have emerged: supplementation of exogenous H2S and modulation of endogenous H2S metabolism. Recent Advances: Recently, it was reported that hepatic H2S production capacity is increased in two of the best-characterized mammalian models of life span extension, dietary restriction, and hypopituitary dwarfism, leading to new insights into dietary and hormonal regulation of endogenous H2S production together with broader changes in sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism with implications for DNA methylation and redox status. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we discuss the role of dietary SAAs and growth hormone (GH)/thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in regulation of endogenous H2S production largely via repression of H2S generating enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) on the level of gene transcription, as well as reciprocal regulation of GH and TH signaling by H2S itself. We also discuss plasticity of CGL and CBS gene expression in response to environmental stimuli and the potential of the microbiome to impact overall H2S levels. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The relative contribution of increased H2S to health span or lifespan benefits in models of extended longevity remains to be determined, as does the mechanism by which such benefits occur. Nonetheless, our ability to control H2S levels using exogenous H2S donors or by modifying the endogenous H2S production/consumption equilibrium has the potential to improve health and increase "shelf-life" across evolutionary boundaries, including our own. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1483-1502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hine
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yan Zhu
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- 2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James R Mitchell
- 3 Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
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43
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Yubero D, Montero R, Santos-Ocaña C, Salviati L, Navas P, Artuch R. Molecular diagnosis of coenzyme Q 10 deficiency: an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:491-498. [PMID: 29781757 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1478290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency syndromes comprise a growing number of genetic disorders. While primary CoQ deficiency syndromes are rare diseases, secondary deficiencies have been related to both genetic and environmental conditions, which are the main causes of biochemical CoQ deficiency. The diagnosis is the essential first step for planning future treatment strategies, as the potential treatability of CoQ deficiency is the most critical issue for the patients. Areas covered: While the quickest and most effective tool to define a CoQ-deficient status is its biochemical determination in biological fluids or tissues, this quantification does not provide a definite diagnosis of a CoQ-deficient status nor insight about the genetic etiology of the disease. The different laboratory tests to check for CoQ deficiency are evaluated in order to choose the best diagnostic pathway for the patient. Expert commentary: New insights are being discovered about the implication of new proteins in the intricate CoQ biosynthetic pathway. These insights reinforce the idea that next generation sequencing diagnostic strategies are the unique alternative in terms of rapid and accurate molecular diagnosis of CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Yubero
- a Department of Genetic and Clinical Biochemistry , Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- a Department of Genetic and Clinical Biochemistry , Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- b Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo , Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- c Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Placido Navas
- b Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo , Universidad Pablo de Olavide and CIBERER , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- a Department of Genetic and Clinical Biochemistry , Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) , Barcelona , Spain
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44
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Paul BD, Snyder SH. Gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide signaling in neuronal health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:101-109. [PMID: 29203369 PMCID: PMC5868969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous signaling molecule or gasotransmitter which plays important roles in a wide spectrum of physiologic processes in the brain and peripheral tissues. Unlike nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, the other major gasotransmitters, research on hydrogen sulfide is still in its infancy. One of the modes by which hydrogen sulfide signals is via a posttranslational modification termed sulfhydration/persulfidation, which occurs on reactive cysteine residues on target proteins, where the reactive SH group is converted to an SSH group. Sulfhydration is a substantially prevalent modification, which modulates the structure or function of proteins being modified. Thus, precise control of endogenous hydrogen sulfide production and metabolism is critical for maintenance of optimal cellular function, with excess generation and paucity, both contributing to pathology. Dysregulation of the reverse transsulfuration pathway which generates hydrogen sulfide occurs in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, treatment with donors of hydrogen sulfide or stimulation of the reverse transsulfuration have proved beneficial in several neurodegenerative states. In this review we focus on hydrogen sulfide mediated neuronal signaling processes that contribute to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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45
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Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CII: Pharmacological Modulation of H 2S Levels: H 2S Donors and H 2S Biosynthesis Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:497-564. [PMID: 28978633 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important endogenous gasotransmitter in mammalian cells and tissues. Similar to the previously characterized gasotransmitters nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, H2S is produced by various enzymatic reactions and regulates a host of physiologic and pathophysiological processes in various cells and tissues. H2S levels are decreased in a number of conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, ischemia, and aging) and are increased in other states (e.g., inflammation, critical illness, and cancer). Over the last decades, multiple approaches have been identified for the therapeutic exploitation of H2S, either based on H2S donation or inhibition of H2S biosynthesis. H2S donation can be achieved through the inhalation of H2S gas and/or the parenteral or enteral administration of so-called fast-releasing H2S donors (salts of H2S such as NaHS and Na2S) or slow-releasing H2S donors (GYY4137 being the prototypical compound used in hundreds of studies in vitro and in vivo). Recent work also identifies various donors with regulated H2S release profiles, including oxidant-triggered donors, pH-dependent donors, esterase-activated donors, and organelle-targeted (e.g., mitochondrial) compounds. There are also approaches where existing, clinically approved drugs of various classes (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories) are coupled with H2S-donating groups (the most advanced compound in clinical trials is ATB-346, an H2S-donating derivative of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound naproxen). For pharmacological inhibition of H2S synthesis, there are now several small molecule compounds targeting each of the three H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Although many of these compounds have their limitations (potency, selectivity), these molecules, especially in combination with genetic approaches, can be instrumental for the delineation of the biologic processes involving endogenous H2S production. Moreover, some of these compounds (e.g., cell-permeable prodrugs of the CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate, or benserazide, a potentially repurposable CBS inhibitor) may serve as starting points for future clinical translation. The present article overviews the currently known H2S donors and H2S biosynthesis inhibitors, delineates their mode of action, and offers examples for their biologic effects and potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (C.S.); Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece (A.P.); and Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.P.)
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46
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Herebian D, Seibt A, Smits SHJ, Rodenburg RJ, Mayatepek E, Distelmaier F. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid restores CoQ 10 biosynthesis in human COQ2 deficiency. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:902-908. [PMID: 29296619 PMCID: PMC5740244 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical phenotypes of human CoQ10‐deficiency caused by COQ2 mutations range from fatal neonatal disease to adult‐onset multisystem atrophy. So far, treatment options for these diseases are unsatisfactory. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation of 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4‐HBA) fully restores endogenous CoQ10‐biosynthesis in COQ2‐deficient cell lines. This was accompanied by increased protein expression of CoQ10‐biosynthesis‐enzymes as well as a rescue of cell viability during stress conditions. In silico analysis suggested a ligand transportation path for 4‐HBA through the COQ2 protein towards the mitochondrial matrix side. This process is apparently hindered by disease‐causing mutations, which can be overcome by increasing 4‐HBA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Universitäts str. 140225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine Radboud UMC, PO Box 91016500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Mooren str. 540225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Ziosi M, Di Meo I, Kleiner G, Gao XH, Barca E, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Tadesse S, Jiang H, Qiao C, Rodenburg RJ, Scalais E, Schuelke M, Willard B, Hatzoglou M, Tiranti V, Quinzii CM. Coenzyme Q deficiency causes impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:96-111. [PMID: 27856618 PMCID: PMC5210092 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an electron acceptor for sulfide‐quinone reductase (SQR), the first enzyme of the hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. Here, we show that lack of CoQ in human skin fibroblasts causes impairment of hydrogen sulfide oxidation, proportional to the residual levels of CoQ. Biochemical and molecular abnormalities are rescued by CoQ supplementation in vitro and recapitulated by pharmacological inhibition of CoQ biosynthesis in skin fibroblasts and ADCK3 depletion in HeLa cells. Kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice, which only have ~15% residual CoQ concentrations and are clinically affected, showed (i) reduced protein levels of SQR and downstream enzymes, (ii) accumulation of hydrogen sulfides, and (iii) glutathione depletion. These abnormalities were not present in brain, which maintains ~30% residual CoQ and is clinically unaffected. In Pdss2kd/kd mice, we also observed low levels of plasma and urine thiosulfate and increased blood C4‐C6 acylcarnitines. We propose that impairment of the sulfide oxidation pathway induced by decreased levels of CoQ causes accumulation of sulfides and consequent inhibition of short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and glutathione depletion, which contributes to increased oxidative stress and kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Saba Tadesse
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changhong Qiao
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Scalais
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belinda Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory for Protein Sequencing, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS Foundation Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Luna-Sánchez M, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Hildebrandt TM, Chaves-Serrano J, Barriocanal-Casado E, Santos-Fandila Á, Romero M, Sayed RK, Duarte J, Prokisch H, Schuelke M, Distelmaier F, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D, López LC. CoQ deficiency causes disruption of mitochondrial sulfide oxidation, a new pathomechanism associated with this syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:78-95. [PMID: 27856619 PMCID: PMC5210161 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, but it also has several other functions in the cellular metabolism. One of them is to function as an electron carrier in the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR), which catalyzes the first reaction in the hydrogen sulfide oxidation pathway. Therefore, SQR may be affected by CoQ deficiency. Using human skin fibroblasts and two mouse models with primary CoQ deficiency, we demonstrate that severe CoQ deficiency causes a reduction in SQR levels and activity, which leads to an alteration of mitochondrial sulfide metabolism. In cerebrum of Coq9R239X mice, the deficit in SQR induces an increase in thiosulfate sulfurtransferase and sulfite oxidase, as well as modifications in the levels of thiols. As a result, biosynthetic pathways of glutamate, serotonin, and catecholamines were altered in the cerebrum, and the blood pressure was reduced. Therefore, this study reveals the reduction in SQR activity as one of the pathomechanisms associated with CoQ deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Luna-Sánchez
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain .,Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Julio Chaves-Serrano
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Romero
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramy Ka Sayed
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Juan Duarte
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain .,Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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49
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Quinzii CM, Luna-Sanchez M, Ziosi M, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, Kleiner G, Lopez LC. The Role of Sulfide Oxidation Impairment in the Pathogenesis of Primary CoQ Deficiency. Front Physiol 2017; 8:525. [PMID: 28790927 PMCID: PMC5525000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a lipid present in all cell membranes. One of the multiple metabolic functions of CoQ is to transport electrons in the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), the first enzyme of the oxidation pathway of sulfides (hydrogen sulfide, H2S). Early evidence of a defect in the metabolism of H2S in primary CoQ deficiency came from yeast studies in Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains defective for dps1 and ppt1 (homologs of PDSS1 and COQ2, respectively), which have H2S accumulation. Our recent studies in human skin fibroblasts and in murine models of primary CoQ deficiency show that, also in mammals, decreased CoQ levels cause impairment of H2S oxidation. Patient fibroblasts carrying different mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in CoQ biosynthesis show reduced SQOR activity and protein levels proportional to the levels of CoQ. In Pdss2kd/kd mice, kidney, the only organ clinically affected, shows reduced SQOR levels and downstream enzymes, accumulation of H2S, and glutathione depletion. Pdss2kd/kd mice have also low levels of thiosulfate in plasma and urine, and increased C4–C6 acylcarnitines in blood, due to inhibition of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Also in Coq9R239X mice, the symptomatic organ, cerebrum, shows accumulation of H2S, reduced SQOR, increase in thiosulfate sulfurtransferase and sulfite oxidase, and reduction in the levels of glutathione and glutathione enzymes, leading to alteration of the biosynthetic pathways of glutamate, serotonin, and catecholamines. Coq9R239X mice have also reduced blood pressure, possible consequence of H2S-induced vasorelaxation. Since liver is not clinically affected in Pdss2 and Coq9 mutant mice, the effects of the impairment of H2S oxidation in this organ were not investigated, despite its critical role in metabolism. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo studies of CoQ deficient models provide evidence of tissue-specific H2S oxidation impairment, an additional pathomechanism that should be considered in the understanding and treatment of primary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, United States
| | - Marta Luna-Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of GranadaGranada, Spain.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Ziosi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, United States
| | | | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY, United States
| | - Luis C Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
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50
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Huertas JR, Al Fazazi S, Hidalgo-Gutierrez A, López LC, Casuso RA. Antioxidant effect of exercise: Exploring the role of the mitochondrial complex I superassembly. Redox Biol 2017; 13:477-481. [PMID: 28719865 PMCID: PMC5512182 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory complexes become assembled into supercomplexes (SC) under physiological conditions. One of the functional roles of these entities is the limitation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by complex I (CI) of the respiratory chain. We sought to determine whether the systemic antioxidant effect of exercise is mediated by the assembly of mitochondrial CIs into SCs in rats. Male Wistar rats were exercise trained or remained sedentary for ten weeks; then, blood samples were collected, and the gastrocnemius muscle was isolated. The assembly of mitochondrial SCs and the lipid peroxidation of the mitochondrial and plasmatic fractions were assessed. Our results demonstrate that exercise induced the assembly of CI into SCs in the gastrocnemius and induced a systemic decrease in lipid peroxidation. We also found an inverse association between the superassembly of CIs and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) and protein carbonyls (p < 0.05). We conclude that exercise induces the chronic assembly of CIs into SCs, which provide mitochondrial protection against oxidative damage, at least in the studied muscle. Given the relevant role that mitochondria play in health and disease, these findings should help to elucidate the role of exercise as a therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Huertas
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - S Al Fazazi
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Hidalgo-Gutierrez
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - L C López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - R A Casuso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
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