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Geurts SM, Koning IM, Finkenauer C. How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation Between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:501-520. [PMID: 37378798 PMCID: PMC10589141 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Although accumulating studies indicate that alcohol-specific self-control can be useful in predicting adolescent alcohol use, little is known about its specificity. This longitudinal study aimed to advance our understanding of domain-specific self-control by examining whether alcohol-specific self-control mediates the effect of general self-control on adolescent alcohol use or has generalizing effects by also mediating the effect of general self-control on other behavior requiring self-control (adolescent digital media use and smoking). Data from 906 adolescents aged 11-14 years who were enrolled in the Dutch study Prevention of Alcohol Use in Students were used. Data were collected using online questionnaires at four annual measurements. Structural equation modelling revealed that higher alcohol-specific self-control fully mediated the effect of higher general self-control on alcohol use. Alcohol-specific self-control did not mediate the effect of higher general self-control on digital media use, but did partially mediate the effect of higher general self-control on smoking. These results suggest that alcohol-specific self-control is domain-specific, but not necessarily substance-specific. The domain-specificity of alcohol-specific self-control provides evidence for its theoretical relevance for the explanation of adolescent alcohol use. It also suggests leverage points for intervention programs focusing on improving alcohol-specific self-control to reduce adolescent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Geurts
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Ina M Koning
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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Sutton CA, Grandfield E, Yi R, Fazzino TL. Engagement in types of activities and frequency of alcohol use in a national sample of United States adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291257. [PMID: 37682954 PMCID: PMC10490845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents with fewer sources of environmental reinforcement may be at risk for alcohol use. Behavioral economic theories posit that engagement in some activities may facilitate alcohol use, whereas other activities may be incompatible with use and reduce likelihood of alcohol use. It is unclear which types of activities may facilitate or may be incompatible with alcohol use in adolescence. Using a national sample of adolescents, the current study examined differences in engagement with types of activities that may be incompatible with alcohol use, compared among adolescents who endorsed alcohol use, and adolescents who did not. METHOD Data from the 2019 Monitoring the Future (MTF) study (N = 4626) were analyzed. Potentially incompatible and facilitating activities, and alcohol-involved activities were identified from pre-existing survey measures. Confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance, and structural equation modeling were used to examine patterns in activity engagement among those who endorsed alcohol use and those who did not. RESULTS Participants who did not endorse alcohol use reported higher engagement in activities that may be incompatible with alcohol use, including enjoyment from school and going to the mall (p < .001). Participants who endorsed alcohol use reported higher engagement in activities that may facilitate alcohol use (p < .001), such as spending time with friends and attending parties. Facilitating activities (β = 0.15, p < .001) and alcohol-involved activities (β = 0.70, p < .001) were positively associated with alcohol use frequency. Observed effect sizes were small in magnitude for all findings. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the premise of behavioral economic theory, suggesting some activities may serve as protective factors against alcohol use frequency while other activities may facilitate alcohol use among adolescents. National surveys may consider adding specific measure of activity engagement to identify activities that may be incompatible with alcohol use among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A. Sutton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Grandfield
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard Yi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Tera L. Fazzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
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Wellman RJ, Sabiston CM, Morgenstern M. Depressive Symptoms, Alcohol Beliefs and Heavy Episodic Drinking in Adolescents. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010103. [PMID: 35053728 PMCID: PMC8774536 DOI: 10.3390/children9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents who engage in heavy episodic drinking (HED—i.e., 5+ drinks on a single occasion) increase risks for psychopathology, alcohol dependence, and similar negative consequences in adulthood. We explored associations among depressive symptoms, positive alcohol beliefs, and progression of heavy episodic drinking (HED) in 3021 German adolescents (M(SD) age at baseline = 12.4 (1.0)) followed for 30 months in 4 waves, using a conditional parallel process linear growth model, with full information maximum likelihood estimation. By wave 4, 40.3% of participants had engaged in HED more than once; 16.4% had done so ≥5 times. Depressive symptoms were indirectly related to baseline values of HED (through positive beliefs and wave 1 drinking frequency and quantity) and to the rate of growth in HED (through positive beliefs and wave 1 quantity). Adolescents with higher levels of depressive symptoms and positive alcohol beliefs drink more frequently and at greater quantities, which is associated with initiating HED at a higher level and escalating HED more rapidly than peers with similar depressive symptoms who lack those beliefs. This suggests that, to the extent that positive alcohol beliefs can be tempered through public health campaigns, education and/or counseling, HED among depressed adolescents might be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wellman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Catherine M. Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;
| | - Matthis Morgenstern
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, IFT-Nord, Harmsstrasse 2, 24114 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-570-2935; Fax: +49-431-570-2929
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El Ansari W, Salam A. Multi-Substance Use Behaviors: Prevalence and Correlates of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug (ATOD) Use among University Students in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6426. [PMID: 34198520 PMCID: PMC8296251 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Virtually no studies appraised the co-use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) among Finn undergraduates. We assessed the associations between sociodemographic, health, academic, policy, and lifestyle characteristics (independent variables); and individual, multiple and increasing ATOD use (dependent variables) using regression analyses. Data were collected by online questionnaire at the University of Turku, Finland (1177 students). Roughly 22% of the sample smoked, 21% ever used illicit drug/s, 41% were high frequency drinkers, and 31.4%, 16.3%, and 6.7% reported 1, 2, or 3 ATOD behaviors respectively. Individual ATOD use was significantly positively associated with the use of the other two substances [adjusted odds ratio (Adj OR range 1.893-3.311)]. Multiple ATOD use was negatively associated with being single (p = 0.021) or agreeing with total smoking or alcohol ban policy on campus (p < 0.0001 for each); but positively associated with not living with parents (p = 0.004). Increasing ATOD behaviors were significantly less likely among those agreeing with total smoking or alcohol ban policy on campus (p range 0.024 to <0.0001). Demographics significant to either individual, multiple, or increasing ATOD use included males, being single, not living with their parents during semesters, and to some extent, religiosity. Age, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, self-rated health, health awareness, income sufficiency, and academic variables were not associated with individual, multiple, or increasing ATOD use. Education and prevention efforts need to reinforce abstinence from ATOD, highlight their harmful outcomes, and target risk groups highlighted above. University strategies should be part of the wider country-wide successful ATOD control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
- School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Abdul Salam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia;
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Short term effects of the REAL media e-learning media literacy substance prevention curriculum: An RCT of adolescents disseminated through a community organization. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108170. [PMID: 32693198 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of testing an e-learning program to reduce adolescent substance use and abuse. Early initiation of substance use is linked to a variety of negative outcomes, thus effective intervention programs are needed. One approach is to use media literacy to capitalize on adolescents' immersion with media in a variety of forms. We developed, implemented, and tested an engaging substance use prevention program by collaborating with a youth-oriented community partner (4-H). METHODS 639 middle adolescents from nine U.S. states participated in an RCT of REAL media. Participants completed a series of online surveys and were randomized to use an online substance prevention program (REAL media) or serve as control (delayed program use). Self-report surveys were administered at three points in time. This short-term evaluation uses data from the pretest (Time 1) and short-term posttest three-month surveys, which measured demographics, self-efficacy to counterargue, and injunctive and descriptive substance use norms. RESULTS Participants who completed the REAL media program reported increased self-efficacy to counterargue and decreased positive injunctive norms compared to control participants who did not complete the program. No significant differences were observed for descriptive norms. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the REAL media program in changing key predictors of youth substance use demonstrating (1) the efficacy of media literacy interventions targeting adolescents and (2) that e-learning substance use prevention efforts can be adapted for and implemented through community organizations.
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Cook M, Kuntsche S, Labhart F, Kuntsche E. Do different drinks make you feel different emotions? Examination of young adolescents' beverage-specific alcohol expectancies using the Alcohol Expectancy Task. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106375. [PMID: 32163804 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore whether in the eyes of young adolescents the consumption of different alcoholic beverages is associated with different alcohol expectancies, namely beliefs on what emotional outcomes take place when alcohol is consumed. 283 nine to 12-year olds from Switzerland completed the Alcohol Expectancy Task (AET). Participants were asked to assign one of 12 beverages (four alcoholic, eight non-alcoholic) to 16 adults depicting four emotional states (happy, angry, relaxed, sad). General linear modelling was used to examine beverage attributions across the four different emotional states. Beer was the most commonly attributed beverage across all 16 adults depicted. Happy and angry persons were most commonly attributed beer. Gender variations were found for relaxed persons, with females predominantly attributed champagne and males predominantly attributed beer. Young adolescents predominantly gave white wine to sad persons. Findings reveal a level of nuanced knowledge existing among young adolescents with minimal drinking experience, in that they hold very different expectancies for different beverages, prompting for future investigations to examine beverage-specific expectancies. Furthermore, findings showing beverage-specific expectancies among young adolescents may have implications for researchers' considerations of how alcohol-related knowledge and expectancies develop throughout childhood.
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Laghi F, Bianchi D, Lonigro A, Pompili S, Baiocco R. Emotion regulation and alcohol abuse in second-generation immigrant adolescents: The protective role of cognitive reappraisal. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:513-524. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105318820715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual predictors of drinking behaviors among second-generation immigrant adolescents are still understudied. This study investigated emotion regulation strategies and alcohol abuse in 472 adolescents (86 second-generation immigrants and 386 Italian natives; age range: 17–18). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used to assess cognitive reappraisal, emotional suppression, and alcohol abuse, respectively. Immigrants reported lower alcohol abuse than natives. A negative relationship between cognitive reappraisal and alcohol abuse was found for immigrants, but not for natives. Specifically, cognitive reappraisal was a protective factor against alcohol abuse only for immigrant adolescents. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Silva CP, Horton WJ, Caruso MJ, Sebastian A, Klein LC, Albert I, Kamens HM. The influence of adolescent nicotine exposure on ethanol intake and brain gene expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198935. [PMID: 29912970 PMCID: PMC6005571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol are often co-abused. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the initiation of both nicotine and alcohol use, which can lead to subsequent neurodevelopmental and behavioral alterations. It is possible that during this vulnerable period, use of one drug leads to neurobiological alterations that affect subsequent consumption of the other drug. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nicotine exposure during adolescence on ethanol intake, and the effect of these substances on brain gene expression. Forty-three adolescent female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups. In the first phase of the experiment, adolescent mice (PND 36-41 days) were exposed to three bottles filled with water or nicotine (200 μg/ml) for 22 h a day and a single bottle of water 2 h a day for six days. In the second phase (PND 42-45 days), the 4-day Drinking-in-the-Dark paradigm consisting of access to 20% v/v ethanol or water for 2h or 4h (the last day) was overlaid during the time when the mice did not have nicotine available. Ethanol consumption (g/kg) and blood ethanol concentrations (BEC, mg %) were measured on the final day and whole brains including the cerebellum, were dissected for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected with CuffDiff and gene networks were built using WGCNA. Prior nicotine exposure increased ethanol consumption and resulting BEC. Significant DEG and biological pathways found in the group exposed to both nicotine and ethanol included genes important in stress-related neuropeptide signaling, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, glutamate release, GABA signaling, and dopamine release. These results replicate our earlier findings that nicotine exposure during adolescence increases ethanol consumption and extends this work by examining gene expression differences which could mediate these behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza P. Silva
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William J. Horton
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Caruso
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aswathy Sebastian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Klein
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Istvan Albert
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Helen M. Kamens
- Biobehavioral Health Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Smit K, Voogt C, Hiemstra M, Kleinjan M, Otten R, Kuntsche E. Development of alcohol expectancies and early alcohol use in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 60:136-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kuperman S, Chan G, Kramer J, Wetherill L, Acion L, Edenberg HJ, Foroud TM, Nurnberger J, Agrawal A, Anokhin A, Brooks A, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Liu X. A GABRA2 polymorphism improves a model for prediction of drinking initiation. Alcohol 2017; 63:1-8. [PMID: 28847377 PMCID: PMC5657392 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival analysis was used to explore the addition of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and covariates (sex, interview age, and ancestry) on a previously published model's ability to predict onset of drinking. A SNP variant of rs279871, in the chromosome 4 gene encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRA2), was selected due to its associations with alcoholism in young adults and with behaviors that increased risk for early drinking. METHODS A subsample of 674 adolescents (ages 14-17) participating in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) was examined using a previously derived Cox proportional hazards model containing: 1) number of non-drinking related conduct disorder (CD) symptoms, 2) membership in a high-risk alcohol-dependent (AD) family, 3) most best friends drank (MBFD), 4) Achenbach Youth Self Report (YSR) externalizing score, and 5) YSR social problems score. The above covariates along with the SNP variant of GABRA2, rs279871, were added to this model. Five new prototype models were examined. The most parsimonious model was chosen based on likelihood ratio tests and model fit statistics. RESULTS The final model contained four of the five original predictors (YSR social problems score was no longer significant and hence dropped from subsequent models), the three covariates, and a recessive GABRA2 rs279871 TT genotype (two copies of the high-risk allele containing thymine). The model indicated that adolescents with the high-risk TT genotype were more likely to begin drinking than those without this genotype. CONCLUSIONS The joint effect of the gene (rs279871 TT genotype) and environment (MBFD) on adolescent alcohol initiation is additive, but not interactive, after controlling for behavior problems (CD and YSR externalizing score). This suggests that the impact of the high-risk TT genotype on the onset of drinking is affected by controlling for peer drinking and does not include genotype-by-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Gómez P, Moure-Rodríguez L, López-Caneda E, Rial A, Cadaveira F, Caamaño-Isorna F. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Spanish University Alumni: Nine Years of Follow-Up. Front Psychol 2017; 8:756. [PMID: 28555119 PMCID: PMC5430027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to empirically identify different profiles of Spanish university alumni, based on their alcohol use over 9 years, and to further characterize them. A cohort study was carried out between 2005 and 2015 among university students (Compostela Cohort-Spain; n2015 = 415). Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). A two-stage cluster analysis, based on their AUDIT total scores was carried out separately for males and females. The further characterization of every profile was based on demographic data, age at onset of alcohol use, positive alcohol-related expectancies, tobacco and cannabis use, as well as their answers to some European Addiction Severity Index items. Five different clusters were identified: Low users (29.2%), Moderated users (37.2%), At-risk users (14.2%), Decreasing users (13.2%) and Large users (6.2%) for females, and Low users (34.4%), At-risk users (25.6%), High-risk users (15.6%), Decreasing users (14.4%) and Large users (10.0%) for males. Being a cannabis user or a smoker was positively associated to those more hazardous clusters in both genders. Regarding females, significant differences in the age of onset and high positive expectancies were found. However, there were few significant differences among the groups in relation to their employment status and social relations. The results reveal the existence of different typologies of alcohol users among university alumni, with differences among males and females. Modifying positive expectancies, limiting access to alcohol at a young age, and reducing uses of other substances uses are key to promote healthier alcohol use profiles and to prevent hazardous uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Moure-Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBER-ESP, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Eduardo López-Caneda
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Research Center on Psychology, School of Psychology, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Rial
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Caamaño-Isorna
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBER-ESP, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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Patrick ME, Wray-Lake L, Maggs JL. Early life predictors of alcohol-related attitudes among 11-year-old never drinkers. Addict Behav 2017; 66:26-32. [PMID: 27863324 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related attitudes are evident before children have personal experience drinking alcohol and represent key proximal predictors of alcohol use, but relatively little is known about how early life characteristics predict these attitudes. Among late childhood lifetime alcohol abstainers (Mage=10.67years; 51% girls), we examine predictors of positive alcohol expectancies and perceived risk of alcohol use. Data from the Millennium Cohort Study, an ongoing nationally representative longitudinal study of children born in the UK, were available from 11,097 children who completed the self-report survey at modal age 11 and reported never drinking alcohol. A sequential structural model suggested that sociodemographic factors were distal predictors of age 11 alcohol attitudes that operated, in part, through family and child risk factors (measured at ages 3 to 7). Alcohol attitudes varied by sociodemographics; for example, boys had higher positive expectancies than girls and White British children had higher positive expectancies and lower perceived risk than Black British and Asian British children. In terms of family factors, parent alcohol problems predicted children's lower perceived risk, and higher parent-child conflict predicted more positive expectancies. For child factors, children's greater cognitive skills predicted higher perceived risk, and internalizing problems predicted more positive expectancies. Indirect effects from sociodemographics through parent-child conflict and internalizing problems predicted positive expectancies; indirect effects through parent alcohol problems and cognitive skills predicted perceived risk. Future research should delve further into mechanisms underlying the development of alcohol attitudes and their potential as malleable targets for prevention.
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Newton-Howes G, Boden JM. Relation between age of first drinking and mental health and alcohol and drug disorders in adulthood: evidence from a 35-year cohort study. Addiction 2016; 111:637-44. [PMID: 26566814 DOI: 10.1111/add.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate associations between age of first drinking (AFD) and alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, cannabis dependence, illicit drug dependence, major depression and anxiety disorder in adulthood, net of a series of covariate factors. DESIGN Data were obtained from a longitudinal birth cohort. SETTING Christchurch, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS The Christchurch Health Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a cohort born in 1977 and studied to age 35 years. Analysis samples ranged in size from 1056 (ages 11-13 years) to 962 (age 35 years); 50.2% of the total sample was male. MEASUREMENTS A measure of AFD (ages 5-13+ years) was generated using latent class analysis. Outcome measures included: major depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, cannabis dependence and other illicit drug dependence during the period 15-35 years. Covariate factors measured during childhood included family socio-economic status, family functioning, parental alcohol-related attitudes/behaviours and individual factors. FINDINGS Earlier AFD was associated significantly (P < 0.05) with increased risk of later alcohol use disorders, nicotine dependence and illicit drug dependence, and was associated marginally (P < 0.10) with cannabis dependence, but not depression or anxiety disorder. After controlling for covariate factors, the associations between AFD and outcomes were no longer statistically significant [alcohol use disorder: B = -0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.22, 0.08; nicotine dependence: B = -0.15, 95% CI = -0.34, 0.04; illicit drug dependence: B = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.73, 0.15; cannabis dependence: B = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.31, 0.22]. CONCLUSIONS The associations between age of first drinking and later alcohol/drug disorders appear to be accounted for at least to some degree by factors related to characteristics of the individual and family during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Newton-Howes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Temcheff CE, Déry M, St-Pierre RA, Laventure M, Lemelin JP. Precocious Initiation into Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Gambling among Children with Conduct Problems. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:50-8. [PMID: 27582453 PMCID: PMC4756600 DOI: 10.1177/0706743715620402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent participation in risky and addictive behaviours, such as smoking, substance use, and gambling has the potential to lead to many serious problems. The presence of conduct problems (CPs) and early initiation into risky and addictive behaviours have been independently shown to be associated with adolescent and young adult smoking, drinking, and gambling. Nevertheless, the relation between early initiation into risky and addictive behaviours and CPs remains to be explored among pre-adolescents. Our study aims to examine the prospective relation between CPs in early primary school and pre-adolescent initiation into smoking, alcohol use, and gambling. METHOD Our study used data from participants in an ongoing prospective, longitudinal study at the Université de Sherbrooke to examine cigarette, alcohol, and gambling initiation among primary school-aged boys and girls with CPs. Children were recruited between the ages of 6 and 9 years from several low socioeconomic status public schools in diverse geographical regions of Quebec. Initiation into cigarettes, alcohol, and gambling was measured 1 year later. RESULTS Children with CPs were found to be at greater risk for early initiation into smoking, alcohol, and gambling. These effects remained even once other known risk factors, such as poor parental supervision and child effortful control, were controlled for. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CPs present in early elementary school can predict early initiation in to potentially addictive behaviours among boys and girls. Implications for targeted preventive intervention are discussed.
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Esmaeilzadeh S, Allahverdipour H, Fathi B, Shirzadi S. Risk Perception of HIV/AIDS and Low Self-Control Trait: Explaining Preventative Behaviors Among Iranian University Students. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:44-52. [PMID: 26573026 PMCID: PMC4873595 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of developed countries there are progressive trend about HIV/AIDS and its' aspects of transmission in the low socio-economic societies. The aim of this was to explain the youth's behavior in adopting HIV/AIDS related preventive behaviors in a sample of Iranian university students by emphasizing on fear appeals approaches alongside examining the role of self-control trait for explaining adoption on danger or fear control processes based on Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). METHODS A sample of 156 randomly selected university students in Jolfa, Iran was recruited in a predictive cross-sectional study by application of a researcher-designed questionnaire through self-report data collection manner. Sexual high risk behaviors, the EPPM variables, self-control trait, and general self-efficacy were measured as theoretical framework. RESULTS Findings indicated that 31.3% of participants were in the fear control process versus 68.7% in danger control about HIV/AIDS and also the presence of multi-sex partners and amphetamine consumption amongst the participants. Low self-control trait and low perceived susceptibility significantly were related to having a history of multi-sex partners while high level of self-efficacy significantly increased the probability of condom use. CONCLUSION Findings of the study were indicative of the protective role of high level of self-control, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy factors on youth's high-risk behaviors and their preventative skills as well.
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Smorti M, Guarnieri S. The Parental Bond and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Drinking Motives. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1560-70. [PMID: 26583770 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1023454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems represent a significant health concern. Few empirical researches focused on understanding the interrelationships and links between the parental bond, drinking motives, and alcohol use during adolescence. OBJECTIVES The present study examined the relationships between a supportive parental bond, drinking motives, and alcohol use, with a focus on the role of mediation. METHODS The sample comprised 298 adolescents, aged from 16 to 20 years. The technique of structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of the parental bond on alcohol use among adolescents through motives for drinking. RESULTS The relationship between the parental bond and frequency of alcohol use by adolescents was not mediated by any motives for drinking, neither for males nor females. Regarding the relationships between the parental bond and quantity of adolescent alcohol consumption, findings for females showed significant indirect effects of maternal bond on alcohol quantity, when coping, enhancement, and social drinking motives were entered as mediator variables. Rather, paternal bond did not predict drinking quantity, not even indirectly. On the contrary, results for males indicated that the parental bond was neither directly nor indirectly associated with adolescent alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Mothers are the relational fulcrum of the family, while fathers seem to maintain a more peripheral position. Gender differences are discussed on the basis of the different cultural and parental socialisation processes that operate for male and female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- a Faculty of Education , Free University of Bozen , Bolzano , Italy
| | - Silvia Guarnieri
- a Faculty of Education , Free University of Bozen , Bolzano , Italy
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Abdel-Salam S. Examining the relationship between self-control and adolescent TC treatment completion. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2012.728670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Magid V, Moreland AD. The Role of Substance Use Initiation in Adolescent Development of Subsequent Substance-Related Problems. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.748595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Magid
- a Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
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Lamont AE, Woodlief D, Malone PS. Predicting high-risk versus higher-risk substance use during late adolescence from early adolescent risk factors using Latent Class Analysis. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2014; 22:78-89. [PMID: 24511308 PMCID: PMC3914215 DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2013.772587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Much of the existing risk factor literature focuses on identifying predictors of low-levels of substance use versus higher-levels of substance use. In this paper, we explore more nuanced patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use during late adolescence. Our aims were to: 1) identify subgroups of youth with qualitatively different patterns of ATOD use; and 2) explore whether membership among qualitatively distinct, high-risk classes could be predicted based on early adolescent risk factors. Data came from a selected subsample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 1,689). Predictors were measured when youth were about 12 years old; ATOD use was assessed when youth were aged 17 years. Results showed that adolescent ATOD use is not a homogenous behavior. Four distinct classes of adolescent ATOD users were derived. Each class had a qualitatively distinct and discriminable pattern of ATOD use. Ecological predictors were shown to differentiate between latent classes, with peer factors playing a particularly important role in differentiating between high-risk and higher-risk users. Implications for prevention and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Lamont
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Drive, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Darren Woodlief
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Drive, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Patrick S. Malone
- University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Barnwell College, 1512 Pendleton Drive, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Kuperman S, Chan G, Kramer JR, Wetherill L, Bucholz KK, Dick D, Hesselbrock V, Porjesz B, Rangaswamy M, Schuckit M. A model to determine the likely age of an adolescent's first drink of alcohol. Pediatrics 2013; 131:242-8. [PMID: 23296431 PMCID: PMC3557403 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the use of a new cohort of adolescent subjects, predictors from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) interview and the Achenbach Youth Self Report (YSR) were combined to model age of first drink (AFD). METHODS Subjects consisted of 820 adolescents (ages 14-17) drawn from the current phase of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Three Cox proportional hazards models were considered. Model 1 contained SSAGA variables equivalent to AFD predictors from our previous study: interview age, family history of alcohol dependence, and number of conduct disorder symptoms. Model 2 incorporated 2 additional SSAGA questions (best friends drink and smoked a cigarette before a reported AFD) plus 8 YSR-derived scale scores. Model 3 was a reduced version of model 2, retaining only significant predictors. RESULTS Model 2 was a significant improvement over model 1. Model 3 was the best and the most parsimonious of the 3 with respect to likelihood ratio and Wald χ(2) tests and retained only 5 variables from model 2. Included variables were the following: (1) best friends drink, (2) membership in a high-risk alcohol dependence family, (3) number of conduct disorder symptoms, (4) YSR externalizing score, and (5) YSR social problems score. CONCLUSIONS Adding variables to those from our original study improved our ability to model the likely age of alcohol initiation. In addition to the SSAGA, the YSR appears to have utility as a research tool to predict the age of alcohol initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Dr, RM 1873 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Evers KE, Paiva AL, Johnson JL, Cummins CO, Prochaska JO, Prochaska JM, Padula J, Gökbayrak NS. Results of a transtheoretical model-based alcohol, tobacco and other drug intervention in middle schools. Addict Behav 2012; 37:1009-18. [PMID: 22591949 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs threatens the physical and mental well-being of students and continued use negatively affects many areas of development. An internet-based, tailored intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change was delivered to middle school students to reduce alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use. This internet-based approach requires very little faculty and staff time, which is efficient given curricular demands. METHODS Twenty-two middle schools in the United States were matched and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control conditions (N=1590 students who had ever used substances). Participants received one pre-test assessment, three thirty-minute intervention sessions over three months, and two post-test assessments (3 and 14 months after pre-test, respectively). RESULTS Random effects logistic models showed significant treatment effects for the intervention group when compared to the control group at the 3-month post-test. CONCLUSIONS This program has the potential to be applied as stand-alone practice or as part of more intensive interventions to promote substance use cessation.
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Lee JO, Hill KG, Guttmannova K, Bailey JA, Woods ML, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF. The effects of general and alcohol-specific peer factors in adolescence on trajectories of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from 21 to 33 years. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 121:213-9. [PMID: 21963332 PMCID: PMC3272150 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examines whether general and alcohol-specific peer risk factors from age 10 to 18 are associated with longitudinal patterns of adult alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from age 21 to 33. METHODS Using growth mixture modeling, trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms from age 21 to 33 were identified. We then examined the relationships between the identified trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms and respondents' own adolescent binge drinking, a general negative peer factor, and an alcohol-specific peer factor (having drinking peers) in adolescence using pseudo-class Wald Chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regressions. RESULTS Four different trajectory groups of alcohol abuse disorder symptoms were identified: persistor group (3%), decreaser group (23%), escalator group (3%), and a no-disorder group (71%). Bivariate Wald Chi-square tests indicated that adolescent binge drinking behavior and general and alcohol-specific peer factors differentiated the adult alcohol abuse trajectory groups. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression showed that the general negative peer factors distinguished those who later persisted in alcohol abuse from those who desisted (i.e., persistor group vs. decreaser group) during young adulthood, even after adjusting for respondents' adolescent binge drinking. On the other hand, associating with drinking peers did not distinguish these trajectories. CONCLUSION Alcohol-specific peer influences appear to influence alcohol abuse disorder symptoms in the early 20s, while general negative peer exposure in adolescence increases in importance as a risk factor for alcohol abuse disorder symptom persistence in the late 20s and the early 30s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University Washington, United States.
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Zamboanga BL, Ham LS, Olthuis JV, Martens MP, Grossbard JR, Van Tyne K. Alcohol Expectancies and Risky Drinking Behaviors Among High School Athletes: “I’d Rather Keep My Head in the Game”. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2011; 13:140-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11121-011-0252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marsden J, Boys A, Farrell M, Stillwell G, Hutchings K, Hillebrand J, Griffiths P. Personal and social correlates of alcohol consumption among mid-adolescents. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1348/026151005x26020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Maldonado-Molina MM, Lanza ST. A FRAMEWORK TO EXAMINE GATEWAY RELATIONS IN DRUG USE: A N APPLICATION OF LATENT TRANSITION ANALYSIS. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2010; 40:901-924. [PMID: 22822267 DOI: 10.1177/002204261004000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A progressive and hierarchical sequence of drug use suggests that a sequence of stages of drug use can describe the order by which adolescents try drugs. We propose an operational definition to test gateway relations by providing a framework with the aim of describing a set of conditions to guide the evaluation of whether a drug serves as a gateway for another drug. We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to demonstrate how using latent transition analysis we can estimate the odds of using a drug at a later time conditional on having used a gateway drug at an earlier time. We provide three empirical demonstrations for testing the gateway relations using a national and longitudinal data of adolescents (e.g., gateway relation between cigarettes and marijuana, alcohol and marijuana, and alcohol and cigarettes).
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Chung IJ, Chun J. Co-occurring patterns of smoking and alcohol consumption among Korean adolescents. Am J Addict 2010; 19:252-6. [PMID: 20525032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to assess the transition probabilities between smoking and alcohol consumption trajectories for ages 13-17 using data from the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS). Four smoking trajectories were identified-noninitiator, late-onsetter, experimenter, and escalator. Similarly, four alcohol consumption trajectories were identified-noninitiator, late-onsetter, experimenter, and chronic user. Those in the chronic group of alcohol consumption were most likely to be smokers. Those who fell into a particular group for use of one substance were most likely to fall into the corresponding group for use of the other substance. Implications for smoking and alcohol prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ick-Joong Chung
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ryan SM, Jorm AF, Lubman DI. Parenting factors associated with reduced adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44:774-83. [PMID: 20815663 DOI: 10.1080/00048674.2010.501759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify parenting strategies associated with adolescent alcohol consumption that parents can use to implement new national guidelines regarding alcohol consumption by people under the age of 18. METHODS A systematic search of academic literature employing the PRISMA method identified 77 relevant articles. Inclusion criteria for the review were (i) longitudinal cohort studies; (ii) measurement of one or more parenting factors during adolescence or pre-adolescence (between the ages of 8 and 17) as a predictor (iii) outcome measurement of any alcohol use and/or alcohol related problems during adolescence at least one time point after the initial parenting factor was measured, and/or problem drinking in adulthood. Studies were excluded if alcohol use was combined with other substance use or problem behaviour as an outcome variable, or if different parenting factors were combined as a single predictor variable for analysis. Stouffer's method of combining p values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable. RESULTS Twelve parenting variables were investigated in these studies: parental modelling, provision of alcohol, alcohol-specific communication, disapproval of adolescent drinking, general discipline, rules about alcohol, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, family conflict, parental support, parental involvement, and general communication. We found that delayed alcohol initiation was predicted by: parental modelling, limiting availability of alcohol to the child, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, parental involvement and general communication. Reduced levels of later drinking by adolescents were predicted by: parental modelling, limiting availability of alcohol to the child, disapproval of adolescent drinking, general discipline, parental monitoring, parent-child relationship quality, parental support and general communication. CONCLUSIONS A number of parenting strategies were identified that parents can use to reduce their adolescent's alcohol consumption. These could be promoted to parents to help them implement new national guidelines on alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Ryan
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Locked Bag, 10 Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Zamboanga BL, Schwartz SJ, Ham LS, Jarvis LH, Olthuis JV. Do alcohol expectancy outcomes and valuations mediate peer influences and lifetime alcohol use among early adolescents? The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2010; 170:359-76. [PMID: 20034190 DOI: 10.1080/00221320903218380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Building on the theory of reasoned action (I. Ajzen & M. Fishbein, 1973, 1980; M. Fishbein & I. Ajzen, 1975) and expectancy theory, the authors examined the mediating role of alcohol expectancies in adolescent drinking behaviors by testing whether alcohol expectancy outcomes and valuations (the extent to which these outcomes are perceived as good or bad) mediate the association between peer influences and lifetime alcohol use. Early adolescents (N = 904) from 2 public middle schools in western Michigan completed a battery of questionnaires. Overall, results showed that alcohol expectancies and valuations partially mediated the relations between peer influences (peer use and peer approval) and lifetime alcohol use. The findings suggest that associating with peers who are perceived as using alcohol and approving of drinking may influence adolescents' alcohol expectancies. The authors briefly discuss future research directions and implications for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Smith College, Department of Psychology, Northampton, MA 01063, USA.
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REFERENCES. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.2009.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Patrick ME, Wray-Lake L, Finlay AK, Maggs JL. The long arm of expectancies: adolescent alcohol expectancies predict adult alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol 2009; 45:17-24. [PMID: 19808940 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agp066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol expectancies are strong concurrent predictors of alcohol use and problems, but the current study addressed their unique power to predict from adolescence to midlife. METHOD Long-term longitudinal data from the national British Cohort Study 1970 (N = 2146, 59.8% female) were used to predict alcohol use and misuse in the mid-30s by alcohol expectancies reported in adolescence. RESULTS Cohort members with more positive alcohol expectancies at age 16 reported greater alcohol quantity concurrently, increases in alcohol quantity relative to their peers between ages 16 and 35, and a higher likelihood of lifetime and previous year alcohol misuse at age 35, independent of gender, social class in family of origin, age of alcohol use onset, adolescent delinquent behavior and age 16 exam scores. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol expectancies were strong proximal predictors of alcohol use and predicted relative change in alcohol use and misuse across two decades into middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA.
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Poelen EAP, Engels RCME, Scholte RHJ, Boomsma DI, Willemsen G. Predictors of problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood. A longitudinal twin-family study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 18:345-52. [PMID: 19205784 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-009-0736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined drinking behavior of parents, siblings, and friends of twins as predictors of adolescent and young adult problem drinking over a period of 2 and a period of 7 years. Data of 12 to 30-year-old twins and their family members from the Netherlands Twin Register were analyzed. Problem drinking in twins was assessed in 1995 and 2000 and was defined based on the CAGE and amount of drinking. Data on alcohol use of parents, siblings and friends were collected in 1993. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the short-term (1993-1995; n = 2,994) and the long-term longitudinal predictors (1993-2000; n = 1,796) of problem drinking. Age, sex and own alcohol use in 1993 explained 25% of the variance in adolescent and young adult problem drinking. Moreover, adolescents and young adults with fathers who drank frequently and with a large numbers of drinking friends, were at the highest risk for problem drinking 2 years later. Over a period of 7 years the number of drinking friends was no longer a risk factor, but few times a week or daily alcohol use of fathers remained a risk factor for later problem drinking. Drinking behavior of mother and siblings did not substantially predict problem drinking. Sex and age did not moderate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien A P Poelen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P O Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Van Der Vorst H, Vermulst AA, Meeus WHJ, Deković M, Engels RCME. Identification and Prediction of Drinking Trajectories in Early and Mid-Adolescence. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 38:329-41. [DOI: 10.1080/15374410902851648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Allahverdipour H, Bazargan M, Farhadinasab A, Hidarnia A, Bashirian S. Effectiveness of skill-based substance abuse intervention among male adolescents in an Islamic country: case of the Islamic Republic of Iran. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2009; 39:211-222. [PMID: 19999706 DOI: 10.2190/de.39.2.g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents from low- and middle-income countries is increasing drastically and requires immediate intervention. The objective of this longitudinal quasi-experimental panel study was to design and implement a skill-based intervention to prevent and reduce substance use among urban adolescents who attended 2 randomly selected high-schools in Tehran, Iran. One-year post intervention data show that substance abuse, knowledge, attitudes, peer resistance skills, level of self-control, self-efficacy, and perceived susceptibility among intervention group were significantly improved, whereas level of self control and attitudes against substance abuse among the control group deteriorated. To efficiently prevent substance abuse among youth primary preventive interventions should be implemented before onset of substance abuse to improve resistance skills and provide adolescents with information and skills needed to develop anti-drug norms.
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Ellickson PL, Tucker JS, Klein DJ. Reducing early smokers' risk for future smoking and other problem behavior: insights from a five-year longitudinal study. J Adolesc Health 2008; 43:394-400. [PMID: 18809138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify risk and protective factors during early and later adolescence that predict future regular smoking and multiple problem behavior among at-risk youth, defined as those who tried smoking by grade 7. METHODS At grades 7, 10, and 12, data were collected from 2,000 early smokers drawn from California and Oregon. Multivariate regression analyses tested predictors of the two grade 12 outcomes in separate models using data from grades 7 and 10. Gender interactions and buffering of risk factors by protective factors were assessed. RESULTS For at-risk youth, consistent protective factors against future smoking and problem behavior included living in an intact nuclear family (all four models) plus getting good grades and parental disapproval of smoking/drug use (three of four models). Consistent risk factors included exposure to substance-using peers (four models) and problems in school (three of four models). Adult substance use was a predictor during early, but not later, adolescence; pro-smoking/drug use beliefs were significant predictors during later adolescence. There were few differences across gender and no significant buffers against risk. CONCLUSIONS At-risk youth would likely benefit from peer resistance training, parental involvement in prevention efforts, and efforts to improve educational performance during both middle school and high school. Changing pro-drug beliefs may be more effective among older adolescents.
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Tucker JS, Ellickson PL, Klein DJ. Growing up in a permissive household: what deters at-risk adolescents from heavy drinking? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2008; 69:528-34. [PMID: 18612568 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study identified psychosocial factors that may deter adolescents living in permissive households from heavy drinking in Grades 9 and 11. METHOD Longitudinal data were obtained from 710 youth who completed surveys from Grades 7 to 11. Permissive household was defined based on adolescent reports of whether the parents (1) would be upset if the adolescent drank or used marijuana, (2) knew their child's whereabouts when the adolescent was away from home, and (3) set curfews. Frequency of heavy drinking in the last 30 days was the number of days the adolescent had at least three alcoholic drinks. RESULTS Three quarters of adolescents from permissive households reported heavy drinking at Grade 9, with less frequent heavy drinking among those who concurrently reported less exposure to peer and adult drinking, less peer approval of drinking, weaker positive beliefs about drinking, a stronger academic orientation, higher resistance self-efficacy, and less delinquency. Further, social influences and alcohol beliefs predicted the frequency of heavy drinking 2 years later among adolescents from permissive households. Although most of these factors were also relevant for adolescents from nonpermissive households, social influences, alcohol beliefs and resistance self-efficacy were stronger predictors of heavy drinking at Grade 9 among youth from permissive households. CONCLUSIONS Growing up in a permissive household was associated with heavy drinking. Nonetheless, several psychosocial factors were associated with less frequent heavy drinking even within this at-risk population. Alcohol prevention programs that target pro-drinking peer and adult influences, positive attitudes toward drinking, and resistance self-efficacy may be particularly important in deterring heavy drinking among adolescents living in permissive households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138, USA.
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Crum RM, Storr CL, Ialongo N, Anthony JC. Is depressed mood in childhood associated with an increased risk for initiation of alcohol use during early adolescence? Addict Behav 2008; 33:24-40. [PMID: 17587505 PMCID: PMC2492760 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using prospective data, we tested the hypothesis that early depressed mood was associated with an increased risk for initiation of alcohol use. In addition, we examined whether these associations varied according to the youths' report that alcohol consumption occurred with or without parental permission. METHODS The participants for these analyses were students, ages 9 to 13 years old, participating in a longitudinal study in an urban sample of public schools (n=2311). As part of the prospective annual assessments of the students, in 1990 through 1994, data on depressive mood and alcohol use were gathered. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the level of baseline depressed mood in 1990 and initiation of alcohol use between 1991 through 1994 in the sample of youth at risk for new onset drinking (n=1526). Other characteristics assessed in the analyses included age, sex, race-ethnicity, alcohol use by peers, neighborhood environment, and receipt of subsidized lunch. RESULTS Higher level of early depressed mood was associated with an earlier and increased estimated risk of initiating alcohol use without parental permission for boys but not for girls. Depressed mood was not associated with alcohol use initiation that occurred with parental sanctions. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current study support the hypothesis that among urban youth, early depressed mood influences the initiation of alcohol consumption without parental permission for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Crum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Siziya S, Muula AS, Rudatsikira E. Correlates of current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Confl Health 2007; 1:13. [PMID: 18053219 PMCID: PMC2222048 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1505-1-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many adult cigarette smokers initiated the habit as adolescents. Adolescent tobacco use may be a marker of other unhealthy behaviours. There are limited data on the prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Iraq. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of, and assess the socio-demographic correlates of current cigarette smoking among in-school adolescents in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Methods Secondary data analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, conducted in the region of Kurdistan, Iraq in 2006. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between current cigarette smoking and explanatory variables. Results One thousand nine hundred eighty-nine adolescents participated in the Kurdistan-Iraq Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Of these, 58.1% and 41.9% were boys and girls respectively. The overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 15.3%; 25.1% and 2.7% in boys and girls respectively. The factors associated with adolescent smoking were: parents' smoking, smoking in closest friends, male gender, having pocket money and perceptions that boys or girls who smoked were attractive. Conclusion We suggest that public health interventions aimed to curb adolescent cigarette smoking should be designed, implemented and evaluated with due recognition to the factors that are associated with the habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seter Siziya
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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Reed MB, Lange JE, Ketchie JM, Clapp JD. The relationship between social identity, normative information, and college student drinking. SOCIAL INFLUENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15534510701476617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Molina BSG, Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Thompson AL, Marshal MP. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder risk for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder is age specific. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:643-54. [PMID: 17374044 PMCID: PMC2680082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to assess age specificity in the risk for heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD) among adolescents and young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood. METHOD Children diagnosed with ADHD (n=364 probands) were interviewed an average of 8 years later in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study, either as adolescents (11-17 years old) or as young adults (18-28 years of age). Demographically similar age-matched participants without ADHD were recruited as adolescents (n=120) or as adults (n=120) for comparison with the probands. Alcohol involvement was assessed comprehensively to include measures of heavy drinking that are standard in alcoholism research and prognostic of later alcohol-related problems. RESULTS Results revealed age specificity in the association such that episodic heavy drinking (measured as 5+ drinks per occasion), drunkenness, DSM-IV AUD symptoms, and DSM-IV AUD were elevated among 15- to 17-year-old probands, but not among younger adolescents. Among young adults, drinking quantity and AUD were elevated among probands with antisocial personality disorder. Childhood predictors indexing antisocial behavior were also examined. CONCLUSIONS The age- specificity of these findings helps to explain prior inconsistencies across previous studies regarding risk for alcohol-related outcomes among children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke S G Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Allahverdipour H, MacIntyre R, Hidarnia A, Shafii F, Kzamnegad A, Ghaleiha A, Emami A. Assessing Protective Factors Against Drug Abuse Among High School Students: Self-Control and the Extended Parallel Process Model. J Addict Nurs 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10884600701334820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Delva J, Kaylor AG, Steinhoff E, Shin DE, Siefert K. Using Tobit Regression Analysis to Further Understand the Association of Youth Alcohol Problems with Depression and Parental Factors among Korean Adolescent Females. J Prev Med Public Health 2007; 40:145-9. [PMID: 17426426 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study characterized the extent to which youth depressive symptoms, parental alcohol problems, and parental drinking account for differences in alcohol-related problems among a large sample of adolescent females. METHODS The stratified sample consists of 2077 adolescent females from twelve female-only high schools located in a large metropolitan city in the Republic of Korea. Students completed a questionnaire about alcohol use and alcohol problems, their parents' alcohol problems, and a number of risk and protective factors. Data were analyzed using tobit regression analyses to better characterize the associations among variables. RESULTS Almost two-thirds of students who consume alcohol had experienced at least one to two alcohol-related problems in their lives and 54.6% reported at least one current symptom of depression, with nearly one-third reporting two depressive symptoms. Two-thirds of the students indicated that at least one parent had an alcohol-related problem, and that approximately 29% had experienced several problems. Results of tobit regression analyses indicate that youth alcohol-related problems are positively associated with depressive symptoms (p<0.01) and parent drinking problems (p<0.05). Parental drinking is no longer significant when the variable parental attention is added to the model. Decomposition of the tobit parameters shows that for every unit of increase in depressive symptoms and in parent drinking problems, the probability of a youth experiencing alcohol problems increases by 6% and 1%, respectively. For every unit of increase in parental attention, the probability of youth experiencing drinking problems decreases by 5%. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence that alcohol-related problems and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among adolescent females. Although a comprehensive public health approach is needed to address drinking and mental health problems, different interventions are needed to target factors associated with initiation of alcohol problems and those associated with increased alcohol problems among those who already began experiencing such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Delva
- Young Again Adult Day Health Care Center, 1080 South University Avenue, 2743 SSWB, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Kuntsche E, Gmel G, Wicki M, Rehm J, Grichting E. Disentangling gender and age effects on risky single occasion drinking during adolescence. Eur J Public Health 2006; 16:670-5. [PMID: 16672252 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckl060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between adolescent risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and gender, age, and the relative age position of students within their class. METHOD A cross-sectional national representative sample of 7088 from 8th to 10th graders in Switzerland (mean age 14.6; SD = 0.94) as part of the ESPAD international study was analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. RESULTS Being male, older than the class average and a member of older classes (on average) was associated with a higher RSOD frequency. Additionally, interactions between student and class level were found. The higher the mean class age the greater the difference in RSOD between boys and girls, and the lower the impact on RSOD of the relative age position in a class. CONCLUSIONS In early and mid-adolescence, prevention efforts should try to impede the modelling of alcohol use of older classmates, whereas in late adolescence gender-specific motives for RSOD should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA), Research Department, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Dierker L, Lloyd-Richardson E, Stolar M, Flay B, Tiffany S, Collins L, Bailey S, Nichter M, Nichter M, Clayton R. The proximal association between smoking and alcohol use among first year college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2006; 81:1-9. [PMID: 16006056 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Revised: 05/01/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between patterns of day-to-day smoking and drinking among first year college students. METHOD Using 210 days of weekly time-line follow-back diary data, the authors examined the within-person relationships between smoking and drinking. Bivariate time series procedures were utilized. RESULTS Findings revealed a high degree of significant cross-correlations between smoking and drinking in which the amount of use of one substance could be predicted by current, as well as past and future use of the other. For the majority of participants, smoking and drinking were positively associated with the alternate behavior. The most common pattern of prediction for individuals was within day (i.e. synchronous correlations). When examining rates of individuals showing significant cross-correlations according to their level of either smoking or drinking, those smoking less than one cigarette on average per day were found to be less likely to demonstrate a synchronous cross-correlation between the two behaviors than those smoking at higher rates. No significant association was found between level of drinking and the rate of significant synchronous cross-correlations between smoking and drinking. CONCLUSIONS Reports of daily behavior over long periods of time have the potential to provide insight into the more proximal influences of smoking and alcohol use on one another. Future research is needed to establish the specific factors (i.e. third variables) and related mechanisms that may drive both behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dierker
- Wesleyan University, Department of Psychology, 207 High Street, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.
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Allahverdipour H, Hidarnia A, Kazamnegad A, Shafii F, Fallah PA, Emami A. THE STATUS OF SELF-CONTROL AND ITS RELATION TO DRUG ABUSE–RELATED BEHAVIORS AMONG IRANIAN MALE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 2006. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2006.34.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study examined relationships between self-control status and substance abuse and substance abuse-related behaviors. Male high school students (N=183) completed a questionnaire assessing self-control, resistance self-efficacy, behavioral intention not to use drugs, and negative
attitudes toward drug use, and substance abuse-related behaviors. Students with poor self-control reported that they had used drugs and smoked to a significant extent; they also experienced pressure from their peers to use drugs and smoke. Students with poor self-control reported being exposed
to violence from parents and tended to avoid school. A significantly inverse relationship between poor self-control, intention, and attitudes towards drug abuse was found among these students. Adolescents with poor self-control are vulnerable to substance abuse and social self-control training
skills are relevant in substance abuse prevention programs.
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Nichols TR, Graber JA, Brooks-Gunn J, Botvin GJ. Sex differences in overt aggression and delinquency among urban minority middle school students. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weitzman ER, Chen YY. The co-occurrence of smoking and drinking among young adults in college: national survey results from the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 80:377-86. [PMID: 16009507 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In US colleges, alcohol and tobacco pose substantial health risks but little is known about their co-occurrence, limiting development and use of appropriately targeted prevention efforts. METHODS Data from the 2001 HSPH College Alcohol Study (student n = 10,924; college n = 120) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Co-occurring smoking/drinking risks were examined in aggregate, by gender, and by age of onset of regular drinking and smoking across 10 measures of drinking style, three categories of transitional drinking behavior, and by treatment behavior. RESULTS Over 98% of current smokers drink; a fraction (<1%) of lifetime and 7% of past year alcohol abstainers smoke. Across drinking pattern measures, 44-59% of drinkers smoke. Co-occurrence risks are greatest among youth reporting high total alcohol consumption (adjusted OR 4.21, p < 0.0001), drinking problems (adjusted OR 3.31, p < 0.0001) or symptoms of diagnosable alcohol abuse (adjusted OR 3.02, p < 0.0001). Risks are sharply elevated among students who self-medicate for drinking problems and do not seek/receive help (adjusted OR 1.87, p < 0.0001), and those reporting symptoms of diagnosable alcohol abuse who may or may not seek/receive help (adjusted OR 2.67, p < 0.01 and 2.96, p < 0.01, respectively). Females and students reporting early adolescent onset of regular smoking are at greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS Virtually all college smokers drink, and smoking and drinking are powerfully interrelated across drinking measures. Efficiency argues for jointly targeting both behaviors and developing interventions tailored to the special vulnerabilities of young women, students experiencing difficulties adjusting to college, and students reporting early onset of regular smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R Weitzman
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, P.O. Box 15678, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Yeh MY, Chiang IC. Comparison of the predictors of alcohol use and misuse among Han and aboriginal students in Taiwan. Addict Behav 2005; 30:989-1000. [PMID: 15893094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the predictors of alcohol usage between the Han and aboriginal students in Taiwan. Results showed a significant gender difference for alcohol use and problematic drinking in both Han and aboriginal adolescents, with males having a higher prevalence of these problems than females in both groups. Aboriginal adolescents did not show gender differences in alcohol-related negative consequences. Male, paternal drinking, single-parent household, peer drinking, and peer relationships are the significant predictors for the Hans adolescents' problematic drinking. Gender, paternal drinking, and peer drinking are the significant predictors for aboriginal adolescents' problematic drinking. If the father drinks frequently, odds ratio is 6.48 likely for aboriginal adolescents to have problematic drinking. If peers drink frequently, odds ratio is 6.26 likely for aboriginal adolescents to have alcohol-related negative consequences. Frequent peer drinking was associated with a 6.26 odds ratio of have alcohol-related negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Chung Gung Institute of Technology, 261, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Guilamo-Ramos V, Jaccard J, Turrisi R, Johansson M. Parental and school correlates of binge drinking among middle school students. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:894-9. [PMID: 15855471 PMCID: PMC1449274 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2003.018952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the prevalence and dynamics of binge drinking among middle school students. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The sample was composed of approximately 5300 seventh-and eighth-grade students who were interviewed at 2 points in time. RESULTS Approximately 8% of seventh graders and 17% of eighth graders reported engaging in binge drinking during the past 12 months. These rates varied as a function of school characteristics. Low scores on the parenting variables-communication quality, use of reasoning, and control and supervision-and binge drinking during middle school also were predictive of binge drinking during high school. CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking among middle school students is an important phenomenon that for many students forecasts future binge drinking during high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guilamo-Ramos
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1225 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Anderson KG, Brown SA. Testing the level of response to alcohol: social information processing model of alcoholism risk--a 20-year prospective study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005; 28:1881-9. [PMID: 15608605 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000148111.43332.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low level of response (LR) to alcohol is a genetically influenced characteristic associated with an enhanced risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). An optimal understanding of how this intermediate phenotype relates to the AUD risk requires evaluation of the milieu in which LR operates, and this study tested an LR/social information processing model in adult men. METHODS Almost 300 Caucasian males (97% of those eligible, to date) from the San Diego Prospective Study participated in an alcohol challenge at approximately age 20 and were evaluated with a structural equation model regarding their expectations of the effects of alcohol, drinking among peers, use of alcohol to cope with stress, and alcohol-related problems during follow-up. RESULTS The direct paths in the structural equation model in these 40-year-old men explained 58% of the variance of the alcoholic outcome at age 40 and 35% at age 35 while demonstrating good fitness characteristics. The LR to alcohol was related to the family history of AUDs and to the alcoholic outcome; the latter primarily operated through the use of alcohol to cope with stress. Although drinking in peers and expectations of the effects of alcohol both contributed to the model in these 40-year-old men, they were not directly related to LR. CONCLUSIONS The results continue to support the importance of the low LR to alcohol as a predictor of AUDs, even when evaluated in the context of additional relevant characteristics. Future evaluations of adolescent and young adult subjects will also explore the potential importance of expectations of the effects of alcohol and drinking among peers as mediators or moderators of alcoholism risk among subjects with a low LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry (116A), University of California, San Diego and San Diego Veterans Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161-2002, USA.
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The Direct and Indirect Effects of Parental Bonds, Parental Drug Use, and Self-Control on Adolescent Substance Use. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2005. [DOI: 10.1300/j029v14n03_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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