1
|
Ignacio A, Czyz S, McCoy KD. Early life microbiome influences on development of the mucosal innate immune system. Semin Immunol 2024; 73:101885. [PMID: 38788491 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is well known to possess immunomodulatory capacities, influencing a multitude of cellular signalling pathways to maintain host homeostasis. Although the formation of the immune system initiates before birth in a sterile environment, an emerging body of literature indicates that the neonatal immune system is influenced by a first wave of external stimuli that includes signals from the maternal microbiota. A second wave of stimulus begins after birth and must be tightly regulated during the neonatal period when colonization of the host occurs concomitantly with the maturation of the immune system, requiring a fine adjustment between establishing tolerance towards the commensal microbiota and preserving inflammatory responses against pathogenic invaders. Besides integrating cues from commensal microbes, the neonatal immune system must also regulate responses triggered by other environmental signals, such as dietary antigens, which become more complex with the introduction of solid food during the weaning period. This "window of opportunity" in early life is thought to be crucial for the proper development of the immune system, setting the tone of subsequent immune responses in adulthood and modulating the risk of developing chronic and metabolic inflammatory diseases. Here we review the importance of host-microbiota interactions for the development and maturation of the immune system, particularly in the early-life period, highlighting the known mechanisms involved in such communication. This discussion is focused on recent data demonstrating microbiota-mediated education of innate immune cells and its role in the development of lymphoid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sonia Czyz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jang WS, Park S, Bae JH, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Cho MC. Development of a multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of bacterial periprosthetic joint infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302783. [PMID: 38753660 PMCID: PMC11098349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious and debilitating complications that can occur after total joint arthroplasty. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important for a good prognosis. Recently, molecular diagnostic methods have been widely used to detect the causative microorganisms of PJI sensitively and rapidly. The Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method eliminates the complex temperature cycling and delays caused by temperature transitions seen in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, making it faster and easier to perform compared to PCR-based assays. Therefore, this study developed a multiplex LAMP assay for diagnosing bacterial PJI using LAMP technology and evaluated its analytical and clinical performance. METHODS We developed a multiplex LAMP assay for the detection of five bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, frequently observed to be the causative agents of PJI. The method of analytical sensitivity and cross-reactivity were determined by spiking standard strains into the joint synovial fluid. The analytical sensitivity of the multiplex LAMP assay was compared with that of a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. Clinical performance was evaluated using 20 joint synovial fluid samples collected from patients suspected of having bacterial PJI. RESULTS The analytical sensitivity of the gram-positive bacterial multiplex LAMP assay and qPCR were 105/104 CFU/mL, 103/103 CFU/mL, and 105/104 CFU/mL against S. agalactiae, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus, respectively. For P. aeruginosa and E. coli, the analytical sensitivity of the multiplex LAMP and qPCR assays were 105/104 and 106/104 CFU/mL, respectively. The multiplex LAMP assay detects target bacteria without cross-reacting with other bacteria, and exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity in clinical performance evaluation. CONCLUSIONS This multiplex LAMP assay can rapidly detect five high-prevalence bacterial species causing bacterial PJI, with excellent sensitivity and specificity, in less than 1 h, and it may be useful for the early diagnosis of PJI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sik Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Bae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta V, Mastromarino P, Garg R. Effectiveness of Prophylactic Oral and/or Vaginal Probiotic Supplementation in the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1154-1161. [PMID: 38084984 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread antibiotic resistance has sparked interest in the identification of nonantibiotic strategies, particularly probiotics for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). We evaluated the effectiveness of prophylactic probiotic supplementation through oral and intravaginal routes in the prevention of recurrent UTIs. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 174 premenopausal women with a history of recurrent UTIs and randomized them to 1 of the 4 treatment groups: placebo (G1, oral placebo + vaginal placebo), oral probiotic (G2, oral lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria + vaginal placebo), vaginal probiotic (G3, oral placebo + vaginal lactobacilli), and probiotic combination (oral lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria + vaginal lactobacilli), for 4 months. Participants were followed up for symptomatic UTIs for 1 year. The primary end points were the number of symptomatic UTIs at 4 months, the proportion of participants with at least 1 symptomatic UTI, and the time to the first symptomatic UTI. RESULTS The incidence of UTI at 4 months in G1, G2, G3, and G4 was 70.4%, 61.3%, 40.9%, and 31.8%, respectively. The mean number of symptomatic UTI recurrences at 4 months was significantly lower (P < .05) in G3 (1.06) and G4 (1.07) compared with G1 (2.1) and G2 (1.63). Further, the time to first symptomatic UTI (days) was significantly longer (P < .05) in G3 (123.8) and G4 (141.8) compared with G1 (69.3) and G2 (71.9). Probiotic supplementations were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic supplementation with either vaginal probiotics or in combination with oral probiotics demonstrated effectiveness in preventing recurrent symptomatic UTI episodes. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Registered at Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI): CTRI/2014/02/004425 (https://ctri.nic.in).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Section of Microbiology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritu Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. B R Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dombrowska-Pali A, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Chrustek A, Olszewska-Słonina D, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Socha MW. Human Milk Microbiome-A Review of Scientific Reports. Nutrients 2024; 16:1420. [PMID: 38794658 PMCID: PMC11124344 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most important bioactive components of breast milk are free breast milk oligosaccharides, which are a source of energy for commensal intestinal microorganisms, stimulating the growth of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides in a child's digestive tract. There is some evidence that maternal, perinatal, and environmental-cultural factors influence the modulation of the breast milk microbiome. This review summarizes research that has examined the composition of the breast milk microbiome and the factors that may influence it. The manuscript highlights the potential importance of the breast milk microbiome for the future development and health of children. The origin of bacteria in breast milk is thought to include the mother's digestive tract (entero-mammary tract), bacterial exposure to the breast during breastfeeding, and the retrograde flow of breast milk from the infant's mouth to the woman's milk ducts. Unfortunately, despite increasingly more precise methods for assessing microorganisms in human milk, the topic of the human milk microbiome is still quite limited and requires scientific research that takes into account various conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dombrowska-Pali
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (N.W.-K.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Chrustek
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.C.); (D.O.-S.)
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.C.); (D.O.-S.)
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (N.W.-K.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Maciej W. Socha
- Department of Perinatology, Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Adalberts’s Hospital in Gdańsk, Copernicus Healthcare Entity LLC, Jana Pawła II 50, 80-462 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tyrsin OY, Tyrsin DY, Nemenov DG, Ruzov AS, Odintsova VE, Koshechkin SI, D Amico L. Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30351 drops on symptoms of infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders and gut microbiota in early infants: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2311-2324. [PMID: 38427038 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic, constipation, diarrhea, and gastroesophageal reflux (regurgitation), often occur in early infancy and, representing one of the causes of significant parental anxiety, lead to a significant strain on the healthcare resources. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus reuteri drops (L. reuteri NCIMB 30351) on the symptoms of infantile colic, constipation, diarrhea, and gastroesophageal reflux, as well as on the levels of intestinal microbiota in full-term newborns during the first months of life. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-masked (blinded), post-marketing clinical study was conducted in two clinical units-Children's City Clinical Hospital of Moscow and Medical Center "St. Andrew's Hospitals-NEBOLIT" from March 2020 to May 2022 in 90 infants aged from 1 to 4 months (mean age (± SD) 12.3 ± 5.09 weeks; 53.3% females, 46.7% males). Patients with colic, regurgitation (single symptom or combination of several symptoms), and constipation or diarrhea were randomly allocated in two parallel arms to receive either 5 drops (2 × 108 colony forming unit) of L. reuteri NCIMB 30351 (n = 60) or masked placebo (n = 30) for 25 consecutive days. Two treatment arms had equal numbers of patients with constipation and diarrhea (n = 30 each). Daily crying times and their duration, evacuations, and regurgitations were recorded in a structured diary. The levels of gut microbiota were analyzed by deep sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Infants with colic receiving supplementary L. reuteri NCIMB 30351 for 25 days had significant reduction in the numbers of colic (change from baseline - 6.3 (7.34) vs - 3.0 (7.29) in placebo, P < 0.05) and numbers of crying cases and mean duration of crying (decrease from baseline - 144 (70.7) minutes, lower in the diarrhea subgroup than in constipation infants, compared with - 80 (58.9) in placebo, P < 0.0001), as well as regurgitation numbers (decreased by - 4.8 (2.49) with L. reuteri vs - 3 (7.74) with placebo). We also observed increased numbers of evacuations in infants with constipation (L. reuteri 2.2 (2.4) vs 0.9 (1.06) in placebo, P < 0.05). There was a remarkable reduction of evacuations in infants with diarrhea, while not statistically significant. The analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene in the collected samples showed that L. reuteri positively influences the proportions of prevalent species, while it negatively affects both conditionally pathogenic and commensal microbes. Additional in vitro test for formation of Clostridium colonies in the presence of the probiotic demonstrated that L. reuteri effectively inhibits the growth of pathogenic Clostridium species. No adverse events were reported in this study. Conclusion: The uptake of L. reuteri NCIMB 30351 leads to a significant reduction in the number of regurgitations, feeding-induced constipations, and diarrhea as well as mean daily numbers of crying and crying duration in infants during the first months of life. Our results suggest that L. reuteri NCIMB 30351 represents a safe and effective treatment for colic in newborns. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04262648. What is Known: • Infantile functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic, constipation, diarrhea, and gastroesophageal reflux (regurgitation), often occur in early infancy and, represent one of the causes of significant parental anxiety. • A number of studies have shown that both the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota play important roles in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract. What is New: • The uptake of L. reuteri NCIMB 30351 leads to a significant reduction in the number of regurgitations, feeding-induced constipations, and diarrhea as well as mean daily numbers of crying and crying duration in infants during the first months of life. • L. reuteri positively influences the proportions of prevalent species, while it negatively affects both conditionally pathogenic and commensal microbes in gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdolghanizadeh S, Salmeh E, Mirzakhani F, Soroush E, Siadat SD, Tarashi S. Microbiota insights into pet ownership and human health. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105220. [PMID: 38484448 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between pet and owner has already been studied in several studies. Reviewing and summarizing studies on human and pet microbiota and their effects due to keeping pets is the purpose of the current study. Microbiota of the gut, oral cavity, and skin are unique to each individual, and this is also true of their pets (cats and dogs). Microbiota homeostasis is essential for the health of pets and their owners. Dysbiosis or imbalances in the microbiota can increase the risk of disorder progressions such as IBD or Clostridium difficile infections, among others. The microbial communities of humans change as a result of various factors, such as keeping pets. Pet owners frequently contact domestic dogs and cats, which affects their microbiota. As a result of keeping pets, the microbiota of different areas of the human body has changed, which has been associated with a decrease in pathogenic bacteria and an increase in beneficial bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Abdolghanizadeh
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Bacteriology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Salmeh
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Bacteriology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzakhani
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Bacteriology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Soroush
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Bacteriology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Consales A, Toscano L, Ceriotti C, Tiraferri V, Castaldi S, Giannì ML. From womb to world: mapping gut microbiota-related health literacy among Italian mothers, a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1012. [PMID: 38605379 PMCID: PMC11010343 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a key determinant of long-term health. Promoting maternal health literacy may enhance children well-being. Aim of the present study was to assess gut microbiota-related health literacy of Italian women and identify potential gaps in awareness. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using an online questionnaire (17 questions) on determinants and long-term impact of infant gut microbiota. The survey targeted Italian pregnant women and mothers of children under 2 years old, and was distributed through various social media channels between September 28th and November 15th, 2022. A total score was calculated as the sum of positive answers. Data on demographics, pregnancy status, and pre-existing knowledge of the infant gut microbiota were also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 1076 women. Median total score was 9 [7-11]. The 81.7% of respondents declared prior knowledge of the gut microbiota. The internet was among the most commonly cited primary sources of information. Independent predictors of total score were having a university degree (B = 0.656, p = 0.002) and prior knowledge (B = 2.246, p < 0.001). Conversely, older age was associated with lower total scores (B = -0.092, p < 0.001). The least known determinants of infant gut microbiota were gestational BMI, prematurity, mode of delivery and NICU stay. Pregnant women failed to recognize the role of breastfeeding in the development of infant gut microbiota more frequently than non-pregnant women. The 97.5% of participants reported increased interest in the gut microbiota, with heightened interest associated with prior knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a moderate level of knowledge about infant gut microbiota among respondents, emphasizing the positive impact of prior knowledge on understanding and interest. Targeted educational interventions are needed to address awareness gaps, especially concerning the influence of breastfeeding on infant gut microbiota. Healthcare providers have the potential to enhance women's knowledge and awareness of this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Consales
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Letizia Toscano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceriotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Tiraferri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Quality Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Giannì
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heppner N, Reitmeier S, Heddes M, Merino MV, Schwartz L, Dietrich A, List M, Gigl M, Meng C, van der Veen DR, Schirmer M, Kleigrewe K, Omer H, Kiessling S, Haller D. Diurnal rhythmicity of infant fecal microbiota and metabolites: A randomized controlled interventional trial with infant formula. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:573-587.e5. [PMID: 38569545 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Microbiota assembly in the infant gut is influenced by diet. Breastfeeding and human breastmilk oligosaccharides promote the colonization of beneficial bifidobacteria. Infant formulas are supplemented with bifidobacteria or complex oligosaccharides, notably galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), to mimic breast milk. To compare microbiota development across feeding modes, this randomized controlled intervention study (German Clinical Trial DRKS00012313) longitudinally sampled infant stool during the first year of life, revealing similar fecal bacterial communities between formula- and breast-fed infants (N = 210) but differences across age. Infant formula containing GOS sustained high levels of bifidobacteria compared with formula containing B. longum and B. breve or placebo. Metabolite and bacterial profiling revealed 24-h oscillations and circadian networks. Rhythmicity in bacterial diversity, specific taxa, and functional pathways increased with age and was strongest following breastfeeding and GOS supplementation. Circadian rhythms in dominant taxa were further maintained ex vivo in a chemostat model. Hence, microbiota rhythmicity develops early in life and is impacted by diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heppner
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marjolein Heddes
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Vig Merino
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Leon Schwartz
- Data Science in Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Data Science in Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Data Science in Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daan R van der Veen
- Faculty of Health and Biomedical Science, University of Surrey, 388 Stag Hill Campus, Guildford 17 GU27XH, UK
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Hélène Omer
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Silke Kiessling
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Faculty of Health and Biomedical Science, University of Surrey, 388 Stag Hill Campus, Guildford 17 GU27XH, UK
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Douillard FP, Derman Y, Jian C, Korpela K, Saxén H, Salonen A, de Vos WM, Korkeala H, Lindström M. Case report: Aberrant fecal microbiota composition of an infant diagnosed with prolonged intestinal botulism. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:20. [PMID: 38581020 PMCID: PMC10996148 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal botulism is primarily reported in small babies as a condition known as infant botulism. The condition results from the ingestion of environmental or foodborne spores of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) producing Clostridia, usually Clostridium botulinum, and subsequent spore germination into active botulinum neurotoxinogenic cultures in the gut. It is generally considered that small babies are susceptible to C. botulinum colonization because of their immature gut microbiota. Yet, it is poorly understood which host factors contribute to the clinical outcome of intestinal botulism. We previously reported a case of infant botulism where the infant recovered clinically in six weeks but continued to secrete C. botulinum cells and/or BoNT in the feces for seven months. CASE PRESENTATION To further understand the microbial ecology behind this exceptionally long-lasting botulinum neurotoxinogenic colonization, we characterized the infant fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing over the course of disease and recovery. C. botulinum could be detected in the infant fecal samples at low levels through the acute phase of the disease and three months after recovery. Overall, we observed a temporal delay in the maturation of the infant fecal microbiota associated with a persistently high-level bifidobacterial population and a low level of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae compared to healthy infants over time. CONCLUSION This study brings novel insights into the infant fecal composition associated with intestinal botulism and provides a basis for a more systematic analysis of the gut microbiota of infants diagnosed with botulism. A better understanding of the gut microbial ecology associated with infant botulism may support the development of prophylactic strategies against this life-threatening disease in small babies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François P Douillard
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yağmur Derman
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Saxén
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kebbe M, Shankar K, Redman LM, Andres A. Human Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiome at 6 Months: Understanding the Interconnected Relationship. J Nutr 2024; 154:1200-1208. [PMID: 38442855 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to relate to the infant gut microbiome. However, the impact of other human milk components on infant gut bacterial colonization remains unexplored. OBJECTIVES Our cross-sectional analysis aimed to investigate associations between human milk components (energy, macronutrients, free amino acids, inflammatory markers, and hormones) and infant gut microbiome diversity and composition (phylum, family, and genus) at 6 mo of age. METHODS Human milk and infant stool samples were collected at 6 mo postpartum. The infant gut microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Linear regression models were performed to examine associations, adjusting for pregravid BMI (kg/m2), delivery mode, duration of human milk feeding, and infant sex, with q < 0.2 considered significant. RESULTS This analysis included a total of 54 mothers (100% exclusively feeding human milk) and infants (n = 28 male; 51.9%). Total energy in human milk showed a negative association with α-diversity measures (Chao1 and Shannon). Interleukin (IL)-8 in human milk was positively associated with Chao1 and observed operational taxonomic units. At the family level, human milk glutamine and serine levels showed a negative association with the abundance of Veillonellaceae, whereas isoleucine showed a positive association with Bacteroidaceae. Human milk IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations were positively associated with Bacteroidaceae abundance. IL-8 also had a positive relationship with Bifidobacteriaceae, whereas it had a negative relationship with Streptococcacea and Clostridiaceae. Human milk IL-8 was positively associated with the phylum Bacteroidetes, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria. At the genus level, human milk IL-8 exhibited a positive relationship with Bacteroides, whereas human milk isoleucine had a negative relationship with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. Pregravid BMI and sex effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS IL-8 in human milk could potentially prepare the infant's immune system to respond effectively to various microorganisms, potentially promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and protecting against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kebbe
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Campbell K, Brinkley C, Malm-Buatsi E. The Urinary Microbiome Composition in Infants. Urology 2024; 186:172-179. [PMID: 38350552 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Campbell
- University Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| | - Clayton Brinkley
- University Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| | - Elizabeth Malm-Buatsi
- University Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aronica TS, Carella M, Balistreri CR. Different Levels of Therapeutic Strategies to Recover the Microbiome to Prevent/Delay Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or Arrest Its Progression in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3928. [PMID: 38612738 PMCID: PMC11012256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the components, variety, metabolism, and products of microbiomes, particularly of the gut microbiome (GM), have been revealed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of numerous human illnesses, including hematological neoplasms. Among the latter pathologies, there is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most widespread malignant neoplasm in pediatric subjects. Accordingly, ALL cases present a typical dysfunctional GM during all its clinical stages and resulting inflammation, which contributes to its progression, altered response to therapy, and possible relapses. Children with ALL have GM with characteristic variations in composition, variety, and functions, and such alterations may influence and predict the complications and prognosis of ALL after chemotherapy treatment or stem cell hematopoietic transplants. In addition, growing evidence also reports the ability of GM to influence the formation, growth, and roles of the newborn's hematopoietic system through the process of developmental programming during fetal life as well as its susceptibility to the onset of onco-hematological pathologies, namely ALL. Here, we suggest some therapeutic strategies that can be applied at two levels of intervention to recover the microbiome and consequently prevent/delay ALL or arrest its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Silvano Aronica
- Complex Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli Hospitals, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (T.S.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriam Carella
- Complex Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli Hospitals, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (T.S.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar B, Lorusso E, Fosso B, Pesole G. A comprehensive overview of microbiome data in the light of machine learning applications: categorization, accessibility, and future directions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1343572. [PMID: 38419630 PMCID: PMC10900530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1343572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics, Metabolomics, and Metaproteomics have significantly advanced our knowledge of microbial communities by providing culture-independent insights into their composition and functional potential. However, a critical challenge in this field is the lack of standard and comprehensive metadata associated with raw data, hindering the ability to perform robust data stratifications and consider confounding factors. In this comprehensive review, we categorize publicly available microbiome data into five types: shotgun sequencing, amplicon sequencing, metatranscriptomic, metabolomic, and metaproteomic data. We explore the importance of metadata for data reuse and address the challenges in collecting standardized metadata. We also, assess the limitations in metadata collection of existing public repositories collecting metagenomic data. This review emphasizes the vital role of metadata in interpreting and comparing datasets and highlights the need for standardized metadata protocols to fully leverage metagenomic data's potential. Furthermore, we explore future directions of implementation of Machine Learning (ML) in metadata retrieval, offering promising avenues for a deeper understanding of microbial communities and their ecological roles. Leveraging these tools will enhance our insights into microbial functional capabilities and ecological dynamics in diverse ecosystems. Finally, we emphasize the crucial metadata role in ML models development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bablu Kumar
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Erika Lorusso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karamantziani T, Pouliakis A, Xanthos T, Ekmektzoglou K, Paliatsiou S, Sokou R, Iacovidou N. The Effect of Oral Iron Supplementation/Fortification on the Gut Microbiota in Infancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:231. [PMID: 38397343 PMCID: PMC10887499 DOI: 10.3390/children11020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Iron is an essential metal for the proper growth and neurodevelopment of infants. To prevent and treat iron deficiency, iron supplementation or fortification is often required. It has been shown, though, that it affects the synthesis of gut microbiota. (2) Methods: This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of oral iron supplementation/fortification on the gut microbiota in infancy. Studies in healthy neonates and infants who received per os iron with existing data on gut microbiota were included. Three databases were searched: PUBMED, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Quality appraisal was assessed using the ROB2Tool. (3) Results: A total of six RCTs met inclusion criteria for a systematic review, and four of them were included in the meta-analysis using both the fixed and random effects methods. Our results showed that there is very good heterogeneity in the iron group (I2 = 62%), and excellent heterogeneity in the non-iron group (I2 = 98%). According to the meta-analysis outcomes, there is a 10.3% (95% CI: -15.0--5.55%) reduction in the bifidobacteria population in the iron group and a -2.96% reduction for the non-iron group. There is a confirmed difference (p = 0.02) in the aggregated outcomes between iron and non-iron supplement, indicative that the bifidobacteria population is reduced when iron supplementation is given (total reduction 6.37%, 95%CI: 10.16-25.8%). (4) Conclusions: The abundance of bifidobacteria decreases when iron supplementation or fortification is given to infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theoni Karamantziani
- B’ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal High Dependency Unit, “Aghia Sofia” General Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12464 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Xanthos
- School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Styliani Paliatsiou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, “Agios Panteleimon” General Hospital of Nikea, 3 D. Mantouvalou Str., Nikea, 18454 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Neonatal Department, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang XA, Li JP, Lee MS, Yang SF, Chang YS, Chen L, Li CW, Chao YH. A common trajectory of gut microbiome development during the first month in healthy neonates with limited inter-individual environmental variations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3264. [PMID: 38332050 PMCID: PMC10853277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The early development of the gut microbiome is governed by multiple factors and has significantly long-term effects on later-in-life health. To minimize inter-individual variations in the environment, we determined developmental trajectories of the gut microbiome in 28 healthy neonates during their stay at a postpartum center. Stool samples were collected at three time points: the first-pass meconium within 24 h of life, and at 7 and 28 days of age. Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA was used to investigate microbiota profiles. We found that there was a distinct microbiota structure at each time point, with a significant shift during the first week. Proteobacteria was most abundant in the first-pass meconium; Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased with age and were substituted as the major components. Except for a short-term influence of different delivery modes on the microbiota composition, early microbiome development was not remarkably affected by gravidity, maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment, premature rupture of membranes, or postnatal phototherapy. Hence, our data showed a similar developmental trajectory of the gut microbiome during the first month in healthy neonates when limited in environmental variations. Environmental factors external to the host were crucial in the early microbiome development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-An Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Catassi G, Aloi M, Giorgio V, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2024; 16:400. [PMID: 38337684 PMCID: PMC10857663 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of the human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition significantly influence the infant gut microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. In preterm infants the gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk, and interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. These findings underscore the need for future research to understand the long-term health impacts of these interventions and for further strategies to enrich the gut microbiome of formula-fed and preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, UOC Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samarra A, Cabrera-Rubio R, Martínez-Costa C, Collado MC. The role of Bifidobacterium genus in modulating the neonate microbiota: implications for antibiotic resistance acquisition in early life. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2357176. [PMID: 38798019 PMCID: PMC11135851 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2357176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics in newborns is a huge concern as their immune system is still developing, and infections and resistance acquisition in early life have short- and long-term consequences for their health. Bifidobacterium species are important commensals capable of dominating the infant gut microbiome and are known to be less prone to possess antimicrobial resistance genes than other taxa that may colonize infants. We aimed to study the association between Bifidobacterium-dominated infant gut microbiota and the antibiotic resistant gene load in neonates, and to ascertain the perinatal factors that may contribute to the antibiotic resistance acquisition. Two hundred infant fecal samples at 7 days and 1 month of age from the MAMI birth cohort were included in the study and for whom maternal-neonatal clinical records were available. Microbiota profiling was carried out by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and targeted antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including tetM, tetW, tetO, blaTEM, blaSHV and ermB were quantified by qPCR. Infant microbiota clustered into two distinct groups according to their Bifidobacterium genus abundance: high and low. The main separation of groups or clusters at each time point was performed with an unsupervised non-linear algorithm of k-means partitioning to cluster data by time points based on Bifidobacterium genus relative abundance. Microbiota composition differed significantly between both groups, and specific bifidobacterial species were enriched in each cluster. Lower abundance of Bifidobacterium in the infant gut was associated with a higher load of antibiotic resistance genes. Our results highlight the relevance of Bifidobacterium genus in the early acquisition and establishment of antibiotic resistance in the gut. Further studies are needed to develop strategies to promote a healthy early colonization and fight against the spread of antibiotic resistances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Samarra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Cabrera-Rubio
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mao L, Kim C, Mustapha A, Zheng G. The host specificity of pilus gene traA in Escherichia coli and its use in tracking human fecal pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167543. [PMID: 37804980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and accurate fecal source tracking (FST) approach is important in water quality management and preventing foodborne and waterborne diseases. In this study, a genetic marker of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was identified and utilized to differentiate between human and animal sources of fecal contamination. Nucleotide polymorphisms of 14 genes coding for cellular surface proteins, mainly fimbriae, were analyzed using the 22 draft genomes of E. coli strains from human and three domestic animal sources in Japan. A signature sequence, traAh, within the pilin gene traA, was found to be highly associated with E. coli of human origin. Subsequently, an end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, namely PCR-Htra, was developed, specifically targeting traAh. The high association between traAh and E. coli of human origin was validated through the PCR-Htra amplification. This encompassed 1045 E. coli strains isolated from surface water, human feces or sewages, and feces from 12 animal species, including domestic and wild animals in the states of Missouri and Virginia in the United States of America (USA). The data suggested that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR-Htra assay were 49.0 % and 99.5 % respectively in distinguishing human-origin E. coli from nonhuman-source ones. Furthermore, the result of our in silico analysis of GenBank® data suggests that traAh may have a global distribution as the sequence was found in human-origin E. coli isolated from at least 14 countries around the world. Thus, the PCR-Htra may provide a new FST tool for rapid and accurate detection of human-origin E. coli, serving as a means to identify human fecal contamination in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Cooperative Research Program, Lincoln University in Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA; Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Dr, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Azlin Mustapha
- Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Guolu Zheng
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Cooperative Research Program, Lincoln University in Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng K, Wei Z, Li W. Ecological insights into hematopoiesis regulation: unraveling the influence of gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350784. [PMID: 38727219 PMCID: PMC11093038 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota constitutes a vast ecological system within the human body, forming a mutually interdependent entity with the host. In recent years, advancements in molecular biology technologies have provided a clearer understanding of the role of the gut microbiota. They not only influence the local immune status and metabolic functions of the host's intestinal tract but also impact the functional transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the gut-blood axis. In this review, we will discuss the role of the gut microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis. We analyze the interactions between HSCs and other cellular components, with a particular emphasis on the direct functional regulation of HSCs by the gut microbiota and their indirect influence through cellular components in the bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, we propose potential control targets for signaling pathways triggered by the gut microbiota to regulate hematopoietic function, filling crucial knowledge gaps in the development of this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ross SM. Microbiota and the Immune System, Part 2: Mediterranean Dietary Influences on Microbiota. Holist Nurs Pract 2024; 38:58-61. [PMID: 37966991 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maxine Ross
- Integrative Health Practitioner; served as the founding Director of Dept. of Complementary and Integrative Health, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Das S, Özkurt E, Joishy TK, Mukherjee AK, Hildebrand F, Khan MR. A single dietary factor, daily consumption of a fermented beverage, can modulate the gut bacteria and fecal metabolites within the same ethnic community. mSystems 2023; 8:e0074523. [PMID: 37882544 PMCID: PMC10734539 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00745-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study investigated how a traditional drink called Apong, made from fermented rice, affects the gut and health of the Mishing community in India. We compared two groups of people who drink Apong to a group of people who do not drink it. To accomplish this, we studied the gut bacteria, fecal metabolites, and blood samples of the participants. It was found that the people who drank Apong had higher blood pressure but lower blood sugar and protein levels than people who did not drink it. We also found that the gut microbiome composition of people who drank Apong was different from those who did not drink it. Moreover, people who drank Apong had lower levels of isovaleric acid in their feces. Overall, this study shows that a traditional drink like Apong can affect the gut bacteria of a community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Das
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ezgi Özkurt
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tulsi Kumari Joishy
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Digital Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vänni P, Tejesvi MV, Paalanne N, Aagaard K, Ackermann G, Camargo CA, Eggesbø M, Hasegawa K, Hoen AG, Karagas MR, Kolho KL, Laursen MF, Ludvigsson J, Madan J, Ownby D, Stanton C, Stokholm J, Tapiainen T. Machine-learning analysis of cross-study samples according to the gut microbiome in 12 infant cohorts. mSystems 2023; 8:e0036423. [PMID: 37874156 PMCID: PMC10734493 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00364-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There are challenges in merging microbiome data from diverse research groups due to the intricate and multifaceted nature of such data. To address this, we utilized a combination of machine-learning (ML) models to analyze 16S sequencing data from a substantial set of gut microbiome samples, sourced from 12 distinct infant cohorts that were gathered prospectively. Our initial focus was on the mode of delivery due to its prior association with changes in infant gut microbiomes. Through ML analysis, we demonstrated the effective merging and comparison of various gut microbiome data sets, facilitating the identification of robust microbiome biomarkers applicable across varied study populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petri Vänni
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mysore V. Tejesvi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kjersti Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Department of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin F. Laursen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children’s Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre & APC Microbiome Ireland, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma G, Shi Y, Meng L, Fan H, Tang X, Luo H, Wang D, Zhou J, Xiao X. Factors affecting the early establishment of neonatal intestinal flora and its intervention measures. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1295111. [PMID: 38106467 PMCID: PMC10722192 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1295111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become evident that early-life intestinal flora plays a pivotal role in determining human health. Consequently, it is imperative to explore the establishment of neonatal intestinal flora and its influencing factors. Early neonatal intestinal flora is influenced by a multitude of factors, including maternal and infant-related factors, as well as external environment. This review summarizes the colonization mechanism of intestinal flora in the early life of newborns and discussed their influence on the establishment of neonatal intestinal flora, taking into account factors such as delivery mode, gestational age and feeding mode. Additionally, this review delves into the natural or artificial reconstruction of intestinal flora colonization defects in infants born via cesarean section and premature infants, with the goal of establishing a theoretical foundation for preventing and treating issues related to neonatal intestinal flora colonization and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguo Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolong Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongju Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Beretta S, Apparicio M, Toniollo GH, Cardozo MV. The importance of the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs in the neonatal period. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230082. [PMID: 38026003 PMCID: PMC10681130 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal period represents a critical stage for the establishment and development of the gut microbiota, which profoundly influences the future health trajectory of individuals. This review examines the importance of intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs, aiming to elucidate the distinct characteristics and variations in the composition between these two species. In humans, the intestinal microbiota contributes to several crucial physiological processes, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system development, and modulation of host metabolism. Dysbiosis, an imbalance or disruption of the gut microbial community, has been linked to various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological conditions. Furthermore, recent research has unveiled the profound influence of the gut-brain axis, emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, impacting cognitive function and mental health. Similarly, alterations in the canine intestinal microbiota have been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic enteropathy, such as inflammatory bowel disease, food allergies, and ulcerative histiocytic colitis. However, our understanding of the intricacies and functional significance of the intestinal microbiota in dogs remains limited. Understanding the complex dynamics of the intestinal microbiota in both humans and dogs is crucial for devising effective strategies to promote health and manage disease. Moreover, exploring the similarities and differences in the gut microbial composition between these two species can facilitate translational research, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic interventions and strategies to enhance the well-being of both humans and dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara Beretta
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Maricy Apparicio
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Gilson Hélio Toniollo
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Microorganismos, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miyayama C, Morisaki N, Ogawa K, Tanaka H, Shoji H, Shimizu T, Sago H, Horikawa R, Urayama KY. Evaluating the association between caesarean delivery and weight status in early childhood in a Japanese birth cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19612. [PMID: 37949883 PMCID: PMC10638261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45316-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine whether the prevailing hypothesis of an association between caesarean section (CS) delivery method and increased weight status in early childhood is observed in Japanese. A total of 1277 mother-infant pairs from a prospective hospital-based mother-infant birth cohort that recruited women in their first trimester from May 2010 to November 2013 were included. We assessed the relationship between delivery method and weight status of delivered children at 1, 3 and 6 years of age. In total, 366 children (28.7%) were delivered by CS. Delivery by CS was not associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score (≥ 75 percentile) at age 1 year, (odds ratio (OR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-1.36), 3 years (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67-1.42), and 6 years (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.45-1.12), and also showed no association with low weight status (< 25th percentile). Supplemental evaluations addressing the influence of preterm births, pre-pregnancy BMI, emergency CS, and modification by breastfeeding were consistent with the primary analyses. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that children born by CS are at risk of being overweight in childhood among the Japanese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Miyayama
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Departments of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisako Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Departments of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Y Urayama
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ross SM. Microbiota and the Immune System, Part 1. Holist Nurs Pract 2023; 37:363-365. [PMID: 37851352 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Maxine Ross
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li R, Roy R. Gut Microbiota and Its Role in Anti-aging Phenomenon: Evidence-Based Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6809-6823. [PMID: 36930406 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota widely varies from individual to individual, but the variation shows stability over a period of time. The presence of abundant bacterial taxa is a common structure that determines the microbiota of human being. The presence of this microbiota greatly varies from geographic location, sex, food habits and age. Microbiota existing within the gut plays a significant role in nutrient absorption, development of immunity, curing of diseases and various developmental phases. With change in age, chronology diversification and variation of gut microbiota are observed within human being. But it has been observed that with the enhancement of age the richness of the microbial diversity has shown a sharp decline. The enhancement of age also results in the drift of the characteristic of the microbes associated with the microbiota from commensals to pathogenic. Various studies have shown that age associated gut-dysbiosis may result in decrease in tlongevity along with unhealthy aging. The host signalling pathways regulate the presence of the gut microbiota and their longevity. The presence of various nutrients regulates the presence of various microbial species. Innate immunity can be triggered due to the mechanism of gut dysbiosis resulting in the development of various age-related pathological syndromes and early aging. The gut microbiota possesses the ability to communicate with the host system with the help of various types of biomolecules, epigenetic mechanisms and various types of signalling-independent pathways. Drift in this mechanism of communication may affect the life span along with the health of the host. Thus, this review would focus on the use of gut-microbiota in anti-aging and healthy conditions of the host system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Li
- Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Rupak Roy
- SHRM Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Medeleanu MV, Qian YC, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P. Early-immune development in asthma: A review of the literature. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104770. [PMID: 37837916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive examination of the various factors contributing to the immunopathogenesis of asthma from the prenatal to preschool period. We focus on the contributions of genetic and environmental components as well as the role of the nasal and gut microbiome on immune development. Predisposing genetic factors, including inherited genes associated with increased susceptibility to asthma, are discussed alongside environmental factors such as respiratory viruses and pollutant exposure, which can trigger or exacerbate asthma symptoms. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between the nasal and gut microbiome and the immune system is explored, emphasizing their influence on allergic immune development and response to environmental stimuli. This body of literature underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach to comprehend and manage asthma, as it emphasizes the interactions of multiple factors in immune development and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Medeleanu
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Yu Chen Qian
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li H, Ma X, Li Y, Liu Q, Tian Q, Yang X, Zhou Z, Ren J, Sun B, Feng X, Zhang H, Yin X, Li H, Ding X. The metagenomic and metabolomic profile of the gut microbes in Chinese full-term and late preterm infants treated with Clostridium butyricum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18775. [PMID: 37907561 PMCID: PMC10618524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbes in full-term and late-preterm infants from a medical center in eastern China. A total of 144 genomes of stool samples were captured for 16S rRNA metagenomic analyses. A high abundance of commensal intestinal bacteria was detected in these samples such as Phocaeicola vulgatus, Escherichia coli, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, indicating a relatively consistent diversity of gut microbes in the present full-term infants aged 38-40 weeks. However, late preterm infants (n = 50) with mandatory antimicrobials feeding exhibited lower diversity but a higher composition of opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus species. Centralized on the situation, we explored the regulatory effect of Clostridium butyricum as probiotics on these late preterm infants. The consumption of C. butyricum did not restore the composition of gut microbes altered by antimicrobials to normal levels, although several opportunistic pathogens decreased significantly after probiotic therapy including Staphylococcus aureus, Sphingomonas echinoides, and Pseudomonas putida. We also compared the effects of day-fed versus night-fed probiotics. Intriguingly, the nighttime feeding showed a higher proportion of C. butyricum compared with probiotic day-feeding. Finally, fecal metabolome and metabolites were analyzed in late preterm infants with (n = 20) or without probiotic therapy (n = 20). The KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that vitamin digestion and absorption, synaptic vesicle cycle, and biotin metabolism were significantly increased in the probiotic-treated group, while MSEA indicated that a series of metabolism were significantly enriched in probiotic-treated infants including glycerolipid, biotin, and lysine, indicating the complex effects of probiotic therapy on glutathione metabolism and nutrients digestion and absorption in late preterm infants. Overall, this study provided metagenomic and metabolomic profile of the gut microbes in full-term newborns and late preterm infants in eastern China. Further studies are needed to support and elucidate the role of probiotic feeding in late preterm infants with mandatory antimicrobial treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingling Ma
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Neonatology Department, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Neonatology Department, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Pediatric Department, Suzhou New District Yangshan Community Health Service Center, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Taixing People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Li
- Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- Soochow Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Child Brain Injury, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, #303 Jingde Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shoris I, Gover A, Toropine A, Iofe A, Zoabi-Safadi R, Tsuprun S, Riskin A. "Light" on Phototherapy-Complications and Strategies for Shortening Its Duration, A Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1699. [PMID: 37892362 PMCID: PMC10605061 DOI: 10.3390/children10101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is an extremely common metabolic complication of the neonatal period which may be associated with bilirubin encephalopathy and even death. Adverse neurological consequences are preventable if a timely diagnosis and treatment are provided. Phototherapy is usually the preferred option to decrease hyperbilirubinemia. Although considered to be safe, evidence in recent years has shown that this treatment may not be free of side effects and short- and long-term unfavorable outcomes. These are usually mild or rare, but should be decreased or avoided if possible. Many useful complementary measures and treatments have been described that could shorten the duration of exposure to phototherapy. However, there is no current unequivocal recommendation to use any of the methods presented in this review. Our review aims to depict the wide range of possible complementary treatments to phototherapy, and to provide the scientific and clinical evidence available regarding their usefulness. It is essential that, while utilizing the full potential of phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia, caregivers are aware of its side effects and possible inherent dangers, and seek ways to minimize the exposure to phototherapy to what is really needed for the newborn. Further studies are needed to clarify the preferred complementary treatments that could reduce the duration of exposure to phototherapy without impairing its effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irit Shoris
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ayala Gover
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Arina Toropine
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Adir Iofe
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Rasha Zoabi-Safadi
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Svetlana Tsuprun
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Arieh Riskin
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu L, Hu J, Yi X, Lv J, Yao J, Tang W, Zhang S, Wan M. Gut microbiota interacts with inflammatory responses in acute pancreatitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231202133. [PMID: 37829561 PMCID: PMC10566291 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231202133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions, and its incidence has been increasing for years. Approximately 15-20% of patients develop severe AP (SAP), which is complicated by critical inflammatory injury and intestinal dysfunction. AP-associated inflammation can lead to the gut barrier and function damage, causing dysbacteriosis and facilitating intestinal microbiota migration. Pancreatic exocrine deficiency and decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides in AP can also lead to abnormal growth of intestinal bacteria. Meanwhile, intestinal microbiota migration influences the pancreatic microenvironment and affects the severity of AP, which, in turn, exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response. Thus, the interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the inflammatory response may be a key pathogenic feature of SAP. Treating either of these factors or breaking their interaction may offer some benefits for SAP treatment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of interaction of the GM and inflammation in AP and factors that can deteriorate or even cure both, including some traditional Chinese medicine treatments, to provide new methods for studying AP pathogenesis and developing therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining, China
| | - Jianqin Lv
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Laboratory, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Road 37, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Road 37, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Beharry KD, Latkowska M, Valencia AM, Allana A, Soto J, Cai CL, Golombek S, Hand I, Aranda JV. Factors Influencing Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Health with a Focus on Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2528. [PMID: 37894186 PMCID: PMC10608807 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturational changes in the gut start in utero and rapidly progress after birth, with some functions becoming fully developed several months or years post birth including the acquisition of a full gut microbiome, which is made up of trillions of bacteria of thousands of species. Many factors influence the normal development of the neonatal and infantile microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis, which is associated with various interventions used for neonatal morbidities and survival. Extremely low gestational age neonates (<28 weeks' gestation) frequently experience recurring arterial oxygen desaturations, or apneas, during the first few weeks of life. Apnea, or the cessation of breathing lasting 15-20 s or more, occurs due to immature respiratory control and is commonly associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). Chronic IH induces oxygen radical diseases of the neonate, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common and devastating gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. NEC is associated with an immature intestinal structure and function and involves dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, inflammation, and necrosis of the intestinal mucosal layer. This review describes the factors that influence the neonatal gut microbiome and dysbiosis, which predispose preterm infants to NEC. Current and future management and therapies, including the avoidance of dysbiosis, the use of a human milk diet, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, restricted antibiotics, and fecal transplantation, for the prevention of NEC and the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome are also reviewed. Interventions directed at boosting endogenous and/or exogenous antioxidant supplementation may not only help with prevention, but may also lessen the severity or shorten the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay D. Beharry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Magdalena Latkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Arwin M. Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Saddleback Memorial Medical Center, Laguna Hills, CA 92653, USA;
| | - Ahreen Allana
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Jatnna Soto
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (A.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Charles L. Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Sergio Golombek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| | - Ivan Hand
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Jacob V. Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (M.L.); (C.L.C.); (S.G.); (J.V.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee MH, Wu MC, Wang YH, Wei JCC. Maternal constipation is associated with allergic rhinitis in the offspring: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292594. [PMID: 37797074 PMCID: PMC10553815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common atopic disease worldwide, and it was found that babies with constipation in their early life might have an increased risk of atopic diseases, including AR. Furthermore, recent studies also indicate that the maternal gut microbiota may influence babies. Thus, we extended the definition of early life in utero and evaluated the association between maternal constipation and the risk of AR in their babies. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 102,820 constipated mothers and 102,820 matched controls between 2005 and 2015. Propensity score analysis was used to match birth year, child sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotics taken. Multiple Cox regression and subgroup analyzes were conducted to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio of childhood AR. The incidence of childhood AR was 83.47 per 1,000 person-years in constipated mothers. Adjusting children's sex, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, maternal comorbidities, and children antibiotic use, the results showed that the children whose mothers had constipation had a 1.20-fold risk of AR compared to children of mothers without constipation. Maternal constipation was associated with an increased risk of AR. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to pregnant mothers with constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Children’s Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate, Medicine College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stojic J, Kukla M, Grgurevic I. The Intestinal Microbiota in the Development of Chronic Liver Disease: Current Status. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2960. [PMID: 37761327 PMCID: PMC10528663 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health burden, leading to millions of deaths annually. The gut-liver axis plays a pivotal role in this context, allowing the transport of gut-derived products directly to the liver, as well as biological compounds from the liver to the intestine. The gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining the health of the digestive system. A change in gut microbiome composition as seen in dysbiosis is associated with immune dysregulation, altered energy and gut hormone regulation, and increased intestinal permeability, contributing to inflammatory mechanisms and damage to the liver, irrespective of the underlying etiology of CLD. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the composition of the intestinal microbiome in healthy individuals and those with CLD, including the factors that affect this composition, the impact of the altered microbiome on the liver, and the mechanisms by which it occurs. Furthermore, this review analyzes the effects of gut microbiome modulation on the course of CLD, by using pharmacotherapy, nutrition, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplements, and probiotics. This review opens avenues for the translation of knowledge about gut-liver interplay into clinical practice as an additional tool to fight CLD and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Stojic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagellonian University Medical College, 31-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou GQ, Huang MJ, Yu X, Zhang NN, Tao S, Zhang M. Early life adverse exposures in irritable bowel syndrome: new insights and opportunities. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1241801. [PMID: 37732013 PMCID: PMC10507713 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. Extensive research has identified multiple factors contributing to its development, including genetic predisposition, chronic infection, gut dysbiosis, aberrant serotonin metabolism, and brain dysfunction. Recent studies have emphasized the critical role of the early life stage as a susceptibility window for IBS. Current evidence suggests that diet can heighten the risk of IBS in offspring by influencing the microbiota composition, intestinal epithelium structure, gene expression, and brain-gut axis. The use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the neonatal period disrupts the normal gut microbiota structure, aligning it with the characteristics observed in IBS patients. Additionally, early life stress impacts susceptibility to IBS by modulating TLR4, NK1, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis while compromising the offspring's immune system. Formula feeding facilitates the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, concurrently reducing the presence of probiotics. This disruption of the Th1 and Th2 cell balance in the immune system weakens the intestinal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, studies suggest that delivery mode influences the occurrence of IBS by altering the composition of gut microbes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing evidence regarding the impact of adverse early life exposures on IBS during pregnancy, intrapartum, and neonatal period. By consolidating this knowledge, the review enhances our understanding of the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying early life-related IBS and offers new insights and research directions from childhood to adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Suárez-Martínez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Yagüe-Guirao G, Martínez-Graciá C. Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236254. [PMID: 37675422 PMCID: PMC10478010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suárez-Martínez
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Querdasi FR, Vogel SC, Thomason ME, Callaghan BL, Brito NH. A comparison of the infant gut microbiome before versus after the start of the covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13289. [PMID: 37587195 PMCID: PMC10432475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health directives led to many changes in families' social and material environments. Prior research suggests that these changes are likely to impact composition of the gut microbiome, particularly during early childhood when the gut microbiome is developing most rapidly. Importantly, disruption to the gut microbiome during this sensitive period can have potentially long-lasting impacts on health and development. In the current study, we compare gut microbiome composition among a socioeconomically and racially diverse group of 12-month old infants living in New York City who provided stool samples before the pandemic (N = 34) to a group who provided samples during the first 9-months of the pandemic (March-December 2020; N = 20). We found that infants sampled during the pandemic had lower alpha diversity of the microbiome, lower abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Haemophilus, and significantly different beta diversity based on unweighted Unifrac distance than infants sampled before the pandemic. Exploratory analyses suggest that gut microbiome changes due to the pandemic occurred relatively quickly after the start of the pandemic and were sustained. Our results provide evidence that pandemic-related environmental disruptions had an impact on community-level taxonomic diversity of the developing gut microbiome, as well as abundance of specific members of the gut bacterial community.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mallott EK, Sitarik AR, Leve LD, Cioffi C, Camargo CA, Hasegawa K, Bordenstein SR. Human microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity emerges as early as 3 months of age. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002230. [PMID: 37590208 PMCID: PMC10434942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human microbiome variation is linked to the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of many diseases and associates with race and ethnicity in the United States. However, the age at which microbiome variability emerges between these groups remains a central gap in knowledge. Here, we identify that gut microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity arises after 3 months of age and persists through childhood. One-third of the bacterial taxa that vary across caregiver-identified racial categories in children are taxa reported to also vary between adults. Machine learning modeling of childhood microbiomes from 8 cohort studies (2,756 samples from 729 children) distinguishes racial and ethnic categories with 87% accuracy. Importantly, predictive genera are also among the top 30 most important taxa when childhood microbiomes are used to predict adult self-identified race and ethnicity. Our results highlight a critical developmental window at or shortly after 3 months of age when social and environmental factors drive race and ethnicity-associated microbiome variation and may contribute to adult health and health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Mallott
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexandra R. Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Camille Cioffi
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seth R. Bordenstein
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Departments of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The One Health Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Moran-Lev H, Kocoshis SA, Oliveira SB, Helmrath M, Cole CR. Chronic Mucosal Inflammation in Pediatric Intestinal Failure Patients-A Unique Phenomenon. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:e29-e35. [PMID: 37098159 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES As intestinal failure (IF) management improves and long-term survival rate increases, its physiological complications have become more apparent. The development of chronic intestinal inflammation resembling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in this population has been reported, but the literature describing it in detail is sparse. The present study was designed to characterize children with IF who developed chronic intestinal inflammation and identify the potential predisposing clinical factors. METHODS This retrospective study was based on the electronic medical records of pediatric patients seen at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between January 2000 and July 2022. Demographic and medical history data were collected and compared between children with IF that developed chronic intestinal inflammation and children with IF that did not develop chronic intestinal inflammation. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 23 children were diagnosed with chronic intestinal inflammation. Of these, 12 (52%) were males, with a median age of 4.5 (3-7) years at diagnosis. Nearly one-third of the patients had gastroschisis (31%), followed by necrotizing enterocolitis (26%), and malrotation and volvulus (21.7%). More children in the chronic intestinal inflammation group lacked an ileocecal valve (ICV) and adjoining distal ileum as compared to the short bowel syndrome (SBS)-IF control group (15 patients, 65% vs 8 patients, 33%). Moreover, more children in the chronic intestinal inflammation group had undergone a prior lengthening procedure than the SBS-IF control group (5 patients, 21.7% vs. 0, respectively). DISCUSSION SBS patients are at risk of relatively early onset chronic intestinal inflammation. The absence of an ICV (and adjoin ileum) and prior lengthening procedures emerge as factors associated with the risk of IBD in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Moran-Lev
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Samuel A Kocoshis
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephanie B Oliveira
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Helmrath
- the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Conrad R Cole
- From the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang YS, Li CW, Chen L, Wang XA, Lee MS, Chao YH. Early Gut Microbiota Profile in Healthy Neonates: Microbiome Analysis of the First-Pass Meconium Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1260. [PMID: 37508757 PMCID: PMC10377966 DOI: 10.3390/children10071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome development during early life has significant long-term effects on health later in life. The first-pass meconium is not sterile, and it is important to know the initial founder of the subsequent gut microbiome. However, there is limited data on the microbiota profile of the first-pass meconium in healthy neonates. To determine the early gut microbiota profile, we analyzed 39 samples of the first-pass meconium from healthy neonates using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results showed a similar profile of the microbiota composition in the first-pass meconium samples. Pseudomonas was the most abundant genus in most samples. The evenness of the microbial communities in the first-pass meconium was extremely poor, and the average Shannon diversity index was 1.31. An analysis of the relationship between perinatal characteristics and the meconium microbiome revealed that primigravidae babies had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index (p = 0.041), and the Bacteroidales order was a biomarker for the first-pass meconium of these neonates. The Shannon diversity index was not affected by the mode of delivery, maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment, prolonged rupture of membranes, or birth weight. Our study extends previous research with further characterization of the gut microbiome in very early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xing-An Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Binte Abu Bakar SY, Salim M, Clulow AJ, Seibt S, Landersdorfer CB, Geddes DT, Nicholas KR, Boyd BJ. Construction of a Synthetic Colostrum Substitute and Its Protection of Intestinal Cells against Inflammation in an In Vitro Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37480336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum provides bioactive components that are essential for the colonization of microbiota in the infant gut, while preventing infectious diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. As colostrum is not always available from the mother, particularly for premature infants, effective and safe substitutes are keenly sought after by neonatologists. The benefits of bioactive factors in colostrum are recognized; however, there have been no accounts of human colostrum being studied during digestion of the lipid components or their self-assembly in gastrointestinal environments. Due to the weaker bile pool in infants than adults, evaluating the lipid composition of human colostrum and linking it to structural self-assembly behavior is important in these settings and thus enabling the formulation of substitutes for colostrum. This study is aimed at the rational design of an appropriate lipid component for a colostrum substitute and determining the ability of this formulation to reduce inflammation in intestinal cells. Gas chromatography was utilized to map lipid composition. The self-assembly of lipid components occurring during digestion of colostrum was monitored using small-angle X-ray scattering for comparison with substitute mixtures containing pure triglyceride lipids based on their abundance in colostrum. The digestion profiles of human colostrum and the substitute mixtures were similar. Subtle differences in lipid self-assembly were evident, with the substitute mixtures exhibiting additional non-lamellar phases, which were not seen for human colostrum. The difference is attributable to the distribution of free fatty acids released during digestion. The biological markers of necrotizing enterocolitis were modulated in cells that were treated with bifidobacteria cultured on colostrum substitute mixtures, compared to those treated with infant formula. These findings provide an insight into a colostrum substitute mixture that resembles human colostrum in terms of composition and structural behavior during digestion and potentially reduces some of the characteristics associated with necrotizing enterocolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syaza Y Binte Abu Bakar
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Susanne Seibt
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 25 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin R Nicholas
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Andres SF, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Scottoline B. Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192936. [PMID: 37545496 PMCID: PMC10401430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic undernutrition is a major cause of death for children under five, leaving survivors at risk for adverse long-term consequences. This review focuses on the role of nutrients in normal intestinal development and function, from the intestinal epithelium, to the closely-associated mucosal immune system and intestinal microbiota. We examine what is known about the impacts of undernutrition on intestinal physiology, with focus again on the same systems. We provide a discussion of existing animal models of undernutrition, and review the evidence demonstrating that correcting undernutrition alone does not fully ameliorate effects on intestinal function, the microbiome, or growth. We review efforts to treat undernutrition that incorporate data indicating that improved recovery is possible with interventions focused not only on delivery of sufficient energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients, but also on efforts to correct the abnormal intestinal microbiome that is a consequence of undernutrition. Understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiome in the undernourished state and correction of the phenotype is both complex and a subject that holds great potential to improve recovery. We conclude with critical unanswered questions in the field, including the need for greater mechanistic research, improved models for the impacts of undernourishment, and new interventions that incorporate recent research gains. This review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic effects of undernutrition on the intestinal ecosystem to better treat and improve long-term outcomes for survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Andres
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Kuhn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Keady MM, Jimenez RR, Bragg M, Wagner JCP, Bornbusch SL, Power ML, Muletz-Wolz CR. Ecoevolutionary processes structure milk microbiomes across the mammalian tree of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218900120. [PMID: 37399384 PMCID: PMC10334807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk production is an ancient adaptation that unites all mammals. Milk contains a microbiome that can contribute to offspring health and microbial-immunological development. We generated a comprehensive milk microbiome dataset (16S rRNA gene) for the class Mammalia, representing 47 species from all placental superorders, to determine processes structuring milk microbiomes. We show that across Mammalia, milk exposes offspring to maternal bacterial and archaeal symbionts throughout lactation. Deterministic processes of environmental selection accounted for 20% of milk microbiome assembly processes; milk microbiomes were similar from mammals with the same host superorder (Afrotheria, Laurasiathera, Euarchontoglires, and Xenarthra: 6%), environment (marine captive, marine wild, terrestrial captive, and terrestrial wild: 6%), diet (carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, and insectivore: 5%), and milk nutrient content (sugar, fat, and protein: 3%). We found that diet directly and indirectly impacted milk microbiomes, with indirect effects being mediated by milk sugar content. Stochastic processes, such as ecological drift, accounted for 80% of milk microbiome assembly processes, which was high compared to mammalian gut and mammalian skin microbiomes (69% and 45%, respectively). Even amid high stochasticity and indirect effects, our results of direct dietary effects on milk microbiomes provide support for enteromammary trafficking, representing a mechanism by which bacteria are transferred from the mother's gut to mammary gland and then to offspring postnatally. The microbial species present in milk reflect both selective pressures and stochastic processes at the host level, exemplifying various ecological and evolutionary factors acting on milk microbiomes, which, in turn, set the stage for offspring health and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia M. Keady
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC20008
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Randall R. Jimenez
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC20008
- Science Team, International Union for Conservation of Nature, 11501San José, Costa Rica
| | - Morgan Bragg
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC20008
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA22030
| | - Jenna C. P. Wagner
- Nutrition Laboratory and Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC20008
| | - Sally L. Bornbusch
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC20008
- Department of Nutrition Science, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC20008
| | - Michael L. Power
- Nutrition Laboratory and Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC20008
| | - Carly R. Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC20008
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hugon AM, Golos TG. Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:1-16. [PMID: 37040316 PMCID: PMC10344604 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has been shown, or implicated to be involved, in multiple facets of human health and disease, including not only gastrointestinal health but also metabolism, immunity, and neurology. Although the predominant focus of microbiome research has been on the gut, other microbial communities such as the vaginal or cervical microbiome are likely involved in physiological homeostasis. Emerging studies also aim to understand the role of different microbial niches, such as the endometrial or placental microbial communities, on the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, including their impact on reproductive success and the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). The study of the microbiome during pregnancy, specifically how changes in maternal microbial communities can lead to dysfunction and disease, can advance the understanding of reproductive health and the etiology of APOs. In this review, we will discuss the current state of non-human primate (NHP) reproductive microbiome research, highlight the progress with NHP models of reproduction, and the diagnostic potential of microbial alterations in a clinical setting to promote pregnancy health. NHP reproductive biology studies have the potential to expand the knowledge and understanding of female reproductive tract microbial communities and host-microbe or microbe-microbe interactions associated with reproductive health through sequencing and analysis. Furthermore, in this review, we aim to demonstrate that macaques are uniquely suited as high-fidelity models of human female reproductive pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen X, Shi Y. Determinants of microbial colonization in the premature gut. Mol Med 2023; 29:90. [PMID: 37407941 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal microbial colonization in the gut at an early stage of life affects growth, development, and health, resulting in short- and long-term adverse effects. Microbial colonization patterns of preterm infants differ from those of full-term infants in that preterm babies and their mothers have more complicated prenatal and postnatal medical conditions. Maternal complications, antibiotic exposure, delivery mode, feeding type, and the use of probiotics may significantly shape the gut microbiota of preterm infants at an early stage of life; however, these influences subside with age. Although some factors and processes are difficult to intervene in or avoid, understanding the potential factors and determinants will help in developing timely strategies for a healthy gut microbiota in preterm infants. This review discusses potential determinants of gut microbial colonization in preterm infants and their underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kolasinac SS, Moe L, Rootwelt V, Sørum H. Bacteria in Normal Canine Milk Analyzed by Blood Agar Medium. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2206. [PMID: 37444004 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of microbiota in normal canine milk from healthy dams are sparse. As is the case with blood and urine, it was considered that milk contains no microbiota. Any discovery of bacteria in canine milk is, therefore, often noted to be a result of contamination during sampling or interpreted as mastitis and treated with antibiotics. Milk was collected twice within 19 days after natural parturition from 11 lactating dams, with no general or local clinical signs of mastitis or other disease. The skin and teats were prepared with an antimicrobial protocol prior to each milk sampling. In total, 210 milk samples were collected and assessed for a number of bacterial colonies grown on each plate. Bacterial growth was detected in 180 samples (86%). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus canis, Bacillus spp., Pasteurella spp., and Escherichia coli were identified from pure and/or mixed bacterial growth, listed in descending order of occurrence. Despite the small sample size, the consistent occurrence of bacteria in early postpartum dams indicates a genuine occurrence of bacteria in canine milk, rather than random contamination. The finding of bacteria in the milk of dams should not, therefore, be the sole argument for the diagnosis of mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sibcic Kolasinac
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Lars Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Vibeke Rootwelt
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Montagnani M, Bottalico L, Potenza MA, Charitos IA, Topi S, Colella M, Santacroce L. The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Nervous System: A Bidirectional Interaction between Microorganisms and Metabolome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10322. [PMID: 37373470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences behavior and, in turn, changes in the immune system associated with symptoms of depression or anxiety disorder may be mirrored by corresponding changes in the gut microbiota. Although the composition/function of the intestinal microbiota appears to affect the central nervous system (CNS) activities through multiple mechanisms, accurate epidemiological evidence that clearly explains the connection between the CNS pathology and the intestinal dysbiosis is not yet available. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a separate branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the largest part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is composed of a vast and complex network of neurons which communicate via several neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, like those found in the CNS. Interestingly, despite its tight connections to both the PNS and ANS, the ENS is also capable of some independent activities. This concept, together with the suggested role played by intestinal microorganisms and the metabolome in the onset and progression of CNS neurological (neurodegenerative, autoimmune) and psychopathological (depression, anxiety disorders, autism) diseases, explains the large number of investigations exploring the functional role and the physiopathological implications of the gut microbiota/brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montagnani
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Maria Assunta Potenza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Division, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Research Institutes (IRCCS), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- School of Technical Medical Sciences, "Alexander Xhuvani" University of Elbasan, 3001-3006 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Marica Colella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Borbet TC, Pawline MB, Li J, Ho ML, Yin YS, Zhang X, Novikova E, Jackson K, Mullins BJ, Ruiz VE, Hines MJ, Zhang XS, Müller A, Koralov SB, Blaser MJ. Disruption of the early-life microbiota alters Peyer's patch development and germinal center formation in gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue. iScience 2023; 26:106810. [PMID: 37235047 PMCID: PMC10206152 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During postnatal development, both the maturing microbiome and the host immune system are susceptible to environmental perturbations such as antibiotic use. The impact of timing in which antibiotic exposure occurs was investigated by treating mice from days 5-9 with amoxicillin or azithromycin, two of the most commonly prescribed medications in children. Both early-life antibiotic regimens disrupted Peyer's patch development and immune cell abundance, with a sustained decrease in germinal center formation and diminished intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) production. These effects were less pronounced in adult mice. Through comparative analysis of microbial taxa, Bifidobacterium longum abundance was found to be associated with germinal center frequency. When re-introduced to antibiotic-exposed mice, B. longum partially rescued the immunological deficits. These findings suggest that early-life antibiotic use affects the development of intestinal IgA-producing B cell functions and that probiotic strains could be used to restore normal development after antibiotic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Borbet
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Miranda B. Pawline
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jackie Li
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Melody L. Ho
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yue Sandra Yin
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Novikova
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katelyn Jackson
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Briana J. Mullins
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victoria E. Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcus J. Hines
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease comprises cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction and underlies the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, both within the United States and worldwide. Commensal microbiota are implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Evidence suggests that the microbiome is relatively variable during infancy and early childhood, becoming more fixed in later childhood and adulthood. Effects of microbiota, both during early development, and in later life, may induce changes in host metabolism that modulate risk mechanisms and predispose toward the development of cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we summarize the factors that influence gut microbiome composition and function during early life and explore how changes in microbiota and microbial metabolism influence host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk throughout life. We highlight limitations in current methodology and approaches and outline state-of-the-art advances, which are improving research and building toward refined diagnosis and treatment options in microbiome-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martins RDS, Kooi EMW, Poelstra K, Hulscher JBF. The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105797. [PMID: 37300991 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease that affects neonates worldwide and often leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research, the cause of NEC remains unclear, and current treatment options are limited. An important novel finding is the potential role of intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP) in both pathogenesis and treatment of NEC. IAP can play a vital role in detoxifying liposaccharides (LPS), a key mediator of many pathological processes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response associated with NEC. Furthermore, IAP can help prevent dysbiosis, improve intestinal perfusion, and promote autophagy. In this comprehensive review, we present evidence of the possible connection between IAP and the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, impaired gut immunity, and dysbiosis in the preterm gut. Based on these findings, the administration of exogenous IAP might provide promising preventive and therapeutic avenues for the management of NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos Martins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B F Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|