1
|
Dare C, Boachie MK, van Walbeek C. Cigarette Prices and Smoking Experimentation Among Zimbabwean Children: A Survival Analysis of the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:1218-1224. [PMID: 38446113 PMCID: PMC11339164 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zimbabwe has a smoking prevalence of 11.7% among the adult population (15 years and older). Thus, in the absence of effective tobacco control measures, the economic burden of tobacco use will be aggravated, especially considering the increasing tobacco industry activity in the country. Increasing cigarette prices is one possible strategy to reduce tobacco consumption. This study seeks to examine the relationship between cigarette prices and smoking experimentation among children in Zimbabwe, thereby expanding the evidence base for the likely impact of excise taxes on cigarette demand in low- and middle-income countries. AIMS AND METHODS A survival analysis using the Zimbabwe 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. RESULTS A 10% increase in the price of cigarettes reduces the probability of experimenting with smoking by 9%. Also, children are more likely to experiment with smoking if they have a smoking brother or father who smokes, or see teachers who smoke. The likelihood of experimenting with smoking is higher among boys than girls and is positively associated with age. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence that increasing excise taxes can play an effective role in discouraging children from experimenting with cigarette smoking. Considering the relatively low excise tax burden in Zimbabwe, the government should consider substantially increasing the excise tax burden. IMPLICATIONS With the number of smokers in low- and middle-income countries expected to increase as the industry intensively expands its market by targeting the youth, increasing excise taxes will play a significant role in preventing children from initiating smoking and help those who are already using tobacco to quit. An increase in the excise tax increases the retail price of tobacco products, making them less affordable, and reduces the demand for them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengetai Dare
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science – PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Micheal Kofi Boachie
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science – PRICELESS SA, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Corné van Walbeek
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Siddiqi K, Welch C, Huque R, Iqbal R, Kanaan M, Mishu MP, Khokhar MA, Semple S. The Effect of Adult Smoking Behavior on Children's Exposure to Secondhand Smoke. An Analysis Based on Salivary Cotinine Levels Among Children in Dhaka and Karachi. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae130. [PMID: 38890774 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) risks children's health. However, biomarkers are rarely used to study SHS exposure among children in low- and middle-income countries. AIMS AND METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data collected between March and November 2022 for a cluster-randomized controlled trial investigating a Smoke-Free Intervention in 2769 children aged 9-15 in 74 schools (34 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and 40 in Karachi, Pakistan). Children's saliva was tested for the concentration of cotinine-a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for SHS exposure. Based on their reports, children's homes were categorized as Nonsmoking Homes (NSH) when residents were nonsmokers; Smoke-free Homes (SFH) when residents and visitors smoked outdoors only; and Smoke-permitted Homes (SPH) when either residents or visitors smoked indoors. We compared cotinine concentrations across these home types and the two cities using a proportional odds model. RESULTS Overall, 95.7% of children (92% in Dhaka; and 99.4% in Karachi) had cotinine levels between 0.1 and 12 ng/mL, indicating SHS exposure. Median cotinine levels were higher in Karachi (0.58 ng/mL, IQR 0.37 to 0.93) than in Dhaka (0.27 ng/mL, IQR 0.16 to 0.49). Median cotinine concentration was also higher among children living in SPH than those in either NSH or SFH; with absolute differences of approximately 0.1-0.3 and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The level of SHS exposure in Dhaka and Karachi indicates widespread and unrestricted smoking. Smoking restrictions in households and enforcement of smoking bans are urgently needed. IMPLICATIONS The high levels of SHS exposure in children living in SFH suggest parental behavior to hide their smoking and/or exposure in private vehicles or public spaces. It is important to advocate for SFH and cars to protect children from SHS exposure. However, these initiatives alone may not be enough. There is a need to enforce smoking bans in enclosed public places and transportation, as well as extend these bans to playgrounds, parks, fairgrounds, and other public spaces that children frequently visit. It is essential to complement smoking restrictions with tobacco cessation advice and support in these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Charlie Welch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Romania Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mona Kanaan
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Masuma Pervin Mishu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koivusilta LK, Acacio-Claro PJ, Mattila VM, Rimpelä AH. Health and health behaviours in adolescence as predictors of education and socioeconomic status in adulthood - a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1178. [PMID: 38671433 PMCID: PMC11055384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive association of health with education level and socioeconomic status (SES) is well-established. Two theoretical frameworks have been delineated to understand main mechanisms leading to socioeconomic health inequalities: social causation and health selection but how these work in adolescence is poorly known. We studied if adolescent health and health behaviours predict higher education and higher SES in adulthood and if family background and school performance in adolescence explain these associations. METHODS Surveys on health and health behaviours were sent to representative samples of 12-18-year-old Finns in 1981-1997 every second year (response rate 77.8%, N = 55,682). The survey data were linked with the respondents' and their parents' socioeconomic data from the Finnish national registries. Both latent variables, namely, health (perceived health, health complaints, chronic disease), health-compromising behaviours (smoking status, drunkenness frequency), and family background (parents' occupation-based SES, education, family type) and variables directly measuring health-enhancing behaviours (toothbrushing, physical activity) and school performance were used to predict higher education and higher occupation-based SES at age 34. Logistic regression analysis and structural equation models (SEM) were used. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses, good health, health-enhancing behaviours, and lack of health-compromising behaviours were related to higher education and SES, also after controlling for family background and school performance. In the SEM analyses, good health, health-enhancing behaviours, and lack of health-compromising behaviours directly predicted higher SES and higher education, although the standardised coefficients were low (from 0.034 to 0.12). In all models, health, lack of health-compromising behaviours, and health-enhancing behaviours predicted school performance, which in turn, predicted the outcomes, suggesting indirect routes to these. Good socioeconomic prospects in terms of family background predicted good health, healthy behaviours, and good school performance in adolescence and higher SES and higher education in adulthood. CONCLUSION Health and health behaviours in adolescence predicted education and SES in adulthood. Even though the relationships were modest, they support the health selection hypotheses and emphasise the importance of adolescence for health inequalities during the life-course. Health and health behaviours were strongly associated with school performance and family background which together modified the paths from health and health behaviours to the outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena K Koivusilta
- Department of Social Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Paulyn Jean Acacio-Claro
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, and Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville M Mattila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja H Rimpelä
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altwicker-Hámori S, Ackermann KA, Furchheim P, Dratva J, Truninger D, Müller S, Wieber F. Risk factors for smoking in adolescence: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Switzerland. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1165. [PMID: 38664744 PMCID: PMC11046866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking during adolescence is a major public health concern with far-reaching health implications. Adolescents who smoke are at an increased risk of developing long-term health problems and are more likely to continue smoking into adulthood. Therefore, it is vital to identify and understand the risk factors that contribute to adolescent smoking - which in turn facilitate the development of targeted prevention and intervention programs. METHODS Data was drawn from a cross-sectional survey conducted between October and December 2021, encompassing adolescents of adolescents aged 14 to 19 residing in Switzerland (n = 2,683). Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to explore which demographic, household, behavioural and psychographic factors are associated with current smoking status. RESULTS The regression results showed higher odds of smoking for female respondents (OR 1.39; p-value 0.007); older adolescents (OR 1.30; p-value < 0.001); those living in the French-speaking part of Switzerland (OR 1.39; p-value 0.021), in suburban areas (OR 1.35; p-value 0.023) and with a smoker in the same household (OR 2.41; p-value < 0.001); adolescents consuming alcohol (OR 4.10; p-value < 0.001), cannabis products (OR 6.72; p-value < 0.001) and hookah (OR 5.07; p-value < 0.001) at least once a month; respondents not engaging in sports (OR 1.90; p-value < 0.001) or music (OR 1.42; p-value 0.031) as top five leisure activities and those experiencing high stress levels at home (OR 1.74; p-value < 0.001). Adolescents with high scores in health awareness (OR 0.33; p-value < 0.001), on the relational self-esteem scale (OR 0.78; p-value 0.054) and on the general well-being scale (OR 0.52; p-value 0.022) were less likely to smoke than their counterparts with lower scores. High risk-seeking was associated with higher odds of smoking (OR 2.15; p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the importance of a comprehensive approach at both individual and institutional levels to reduce smoking rates in adolescents. More specifically, a holistic strategy that encompasses adolescents, families, schools and policymakers ranging from strengthening adolescents' self-esteem, smoking cessation support for parents, to increasing engagement in musical and physical activities, and enhancing health awareness in the school curriculum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Altwicker-Hámori
- Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, School of Management and Law, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Kurt Alexander Ackermann
- Center for Behavioral Insights & Pricing, School of Management and Law, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Pia Furchheim
- Center for Behavioral Insights & Pricing, School of Management and Law, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Julia Dratva
- Institute of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Truninger
- Institute of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Müller
- Center for Behavioral Insights & Pricing, School of Management and Law, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Frank Wieber
- Institute of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, ZHAW Zürich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benjakul S, Nakju S, Thitavisiddho Wongsai W, Junjula T. Using an ecological model of health behaviour to identify factors associated with smoking behaviour among Buddhist novices in Thailand: a cross-sectional digital survey. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082734. [PMID: 38626965 PMCID: PMC11029314 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Buddhist novices reside in Buddhist temples, which are legally designated as smoke-free areas. Nevertheless, similar to other men in their age group, they are susceptible to various risk factors that lead to smoking. This digital survey aimed to examine tobacco smoking and its associated factors among Buddhist novices in Thailand. DESIGN A cross-sectional digital survey. SETTING 88 temple-based schools in Thailand. PARTICIPANTS A stratified two-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select 5371 novices. Data were collected between June and August 2022 using self-administered electronic questionnaires. MEASURE Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify the associated factors. RESULTS Overall, 32.8% of the respondents reported they had tried smoking, and the average age of initiation was 12.4 years. In the past 30 days, 25.7% had smoked any tobacco product. Multiple factors following the ecological model of health behaviour were found to be statistically associated with smoking by 37.3%. Among these were intrapersonal-level factors, such as age, living in the southern region and attempted smoking. Two were interpersonal-level factors: the smoking behaviour of close relatives, specifically parents, and their respected monks. Two were institutional-level factors: perceiving that temple-based schools are smoke-free areas and exposure to secondhand smoke. Three factors at the community and policy levels were noticed tobacco advertising at the point of sale, social media and tobacco promotion. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the development of comprehensive intervention programmes that address the multiple factors to prevent Buddhist novices from smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarunya Benjakul
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saroj Nakju
- Faculty of Public Health, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Addo IY, Acquah E, Nyarko SH, Dickson KS, Boateng ENK, Ayebeng C. Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1041. [PMID: 38622588 PMCID: PMC11017583 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread prevalence of adolescent smoking in Gambia, a West African country, there is limited research exploring the relationships between exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among young people. This study investigates the interplay of these exposures and smoking behaviour among 11-17-year-old adolescents in Gambia. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2017 Gambia Global Youth and Tobacco Survey (GYTS), which included a total of 9,127 respondents. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including proportions, Pearson's chi-squared tests, and multivariable logistic regression models, were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The final model revealed significant associations between exposure to anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour. Adolescents exposed to anti-tobacco media messages had a 29% increased odds of smoking (aOR 1.29,CI = 1.08,1.53) compared to those unexposed, while exposure to anti-tobacco media events showed a 31% increased odds (aOR 1.31,CI = 1.09,1.59) compared to those unexposed. Exposure to pro-tobacco messages, such as witnessing tobacco use on TV (aOR 1.41, CI = 1.17,1.69) and owning objects with tobacco brand logos (aOR 1.49,CI = 1.19,1.86), was associated with higher odds of smoking. Covariates, including sex, age, and exposure to smoking behaviour by significant others, also demonstrated associations with smoking behaviour. Notably, male respondents showed significantly higher odds of smoking (aOR = 4.01,CI = 3.28,4.89) compared to females. Respondents aged 15 years and older had increased odds of smoking (aOR = 1.47,CI = 1.22,1.76) compared to those below 15 years old. Those whose fathers smoke displayed higher odds of smoking (aOR = 1.35, CI = 1.04,1.76) compared to individuals with non-smoking parents. Additionally, those whose closest friends smoke showed remarkably higher odds of smoking (aOR = 2.87,CI = 2.37, 3.48) compared to those without such influence. CONCLUSION This study underscores the significant impact of exposure to both anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco media messages and events on smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia. However, pro-tobacco messages had a greater influence on smoking prevalence than anti-tobacco messages and events. Understanding these associations is crucial for devising effective public health interventions aimed at reducing tobacco use in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Social Research in Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Evelyn Acquah
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health, and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel H Nyarko
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kwamena S Dickson
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer N K Boateng
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Research and Advocacy, Challenging Heights, Winneba, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dadras O. Predictor of smoking cessation among school-going adolescents in Indonesia: a secondary analysis based on the transtheoretical model of behavioral change. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1374731. [PMID: 38516262 PMCID: PMC10954880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1374731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study elucidates the complex journey of adolescents toward smoking cessation, investigating the association of relevant demographic factors, advertising, promotion, anti-cigarette messages, and individual knowledge and attitudes with being in different smoking cessation stages. Methods Utilizing data from the 2019 Indonesia Global Youth Tobacco Survey, this secondary analysis included adolescents who reported ever smoking. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) guided the categorization of the outcome variable into three smoking cessation stages based on the responses to two questions related to the intention and timing of the smoking cessation. This included contemplation, action, and maintenance stages. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the associations between each independent variable and being in each stage of smoking cessation. The study comprised 3596 Indonesian adolescents from grades 7-12, of which 2484 responded to two questions related to intention and timing of smoking cessation and were included in regression analysis. Results Findings indicate that males and those aged ≥16 were predominantly in contemplation phase. Early smoking initiation, usage of other tobacco products, and exposure to various forms of smoke increased the likelihood of being in contemplation and action phases. Parental smoking, school smoking exposure, and second-hand smoke were significant contemplation phase predictors. Exposure to tobacco advertising was linked to an increased likelihood of being in contemplation and action phases, whereas anti-cigarette messages showed no significant impact. Awareness of cigarette and second-hand smoke harms reduced the odds of being in the contemplation phase, while enjoying smoking and willingness to accept cigarettes from friends increased the odds of being in contemplation and action phases rather than in maintenance phase. Conclusion Addressing age, gender, cultural influences, environmental factors, and attitudes towards smoking through tailored interventions is vital for aiding smoking cessation in Indonesian adolescents. Strengthened tobacco control in schools and public places is recommended to bolster these efforts. Longitudinal studies are required to explore the evolving patterns of smoking cessation behaviors over time, enhancing our understanding of the factors influencing sustained cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dadras
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Radó MK, Kisfalusi D, Laverty AA, van Lenthe FJ, Been JV, Takács K. Socio-economic inequalities in smoking and drinking in adolescence: Assessment of social network dynamics. Addiction 2024; 119:488-498. [PMID: 37994195 DOI: 10.1111/add.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether (1) adolescents selected friends with a similar socio-economic status (SES), (2) smoking and alcohol consumption spread in networks and (3) the exclusion of non-smokers or non-drinkers differed between SES groups. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study using stochastic actor-oriented models to analyze complete social network data over three waves. SETTING Eight Hungarian secondary schools with socio-economically diverse classes took part. PARTICIPANTS This study comprised 232 adolescents aged between 14 and 15 years in the first wave. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported smoking behavior, alcohol consumption behavior and friendship ties were measured. SES was measured based upon entitlement to an income-tested regular child protection benefit. FINDINGS Non-low-SES adolescents were most likely to form friendships with peers from their own SES group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.11]. Adolescents adjusted their smoking behavior (OR = 24.05, 95% CI = 1.27-454.86) but not their alcohol consumption (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.62-4.39) to follow the behavior of their friends. Smokers did not differ from non-smokers in the likelihood of receiving a friendship nomination (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.87-1.10), regardless of their SES. Alcohol consumers received significantly more friendship nominations than non-consumers (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01-1.33), but this association was not significantly different according to SES. CONCLUSIONS Hungarian adolescents appear to prefer friendships within their own socio-economic status group, and smoking and alcohol consumption spread within those friendship networks. Socio-economic groups do not differ in the extent to which they encourage smoking or alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márta K Radó
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorottya Kisfalusi
- HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Computational Social Science-Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (CSS - RECENS), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper V Been
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Károly Takács
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Computational Social Science-Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (CSS - RECENS), Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kjeld SG, Homberg T, Andersen S. Relationship between smoking and mental health in educational settings with high smoking rates: a cohort study among Danish youth. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241227305. [PMID: 38342989 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241227305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking and poor mental health in youth represent important public health priorities. This study aimed to (i) compare tobacco-related behaviors and mental health in two educational settings with high smoking rates: vocational education and training (VET) schools and preparatory basic education (PBE) schools, and (ii) examine associations between smoking at school start and mental health 5 months later. METHODS Data were obtained from baseline (N = 1843) and follow-up (N = 1039) assessments conducted as part of a school-based trial in two rounds (baseline in August 2018 and August 2019). Students' characteristics were presented by adjusted prevalences. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between smoking and measures of mental health: school-related well-being, overall loneliness, and stress. RESULTS More PBE students than VET students reported daily smoking (40% vs. 27%), nicotine dependence, perceived benefits of smoking (e.g., stress reduction: 41% vs. 33%), low smoking-related self-efficacy (e.g., ability to resist smoking if offered by a friend: 20% vs. 32%), school-related loneliness, and low school connectedness (25% vs. 11%). Daily smokers at VET and PBE schools had lower odds of school-related loneliness (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.74) and higher odds of stress (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.00-3.80). Smoking was associated with better classmate relations in VET schools but not in PBE schools. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that students in PBE schools constitute a more vulnerable group in terms of smoking and mental health compared with students in VET schools. Smoking seemed to prevent loneliness in school but was associated with heightened stress levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone G Kjeld
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Susan Andersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Cao Y. Family Environment and Community Context for Longitudinal Cigarette Smoking Trajectories Among Chinese Young People. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01677-3. [PMID: 38337111 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death, and China accounts for about 30% of worldwide smokers and 40% of global tobacco consumption. This study examines socioeconomic and community disparities in smoking among young Chinese people from 2010 to 2016. Data were from 953 people aged 16 to 25 in four waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Two-level logistic regressions were fitted to account for both inter-individual and intra-individual differences over time. Weight-adjusted multilevel regression results showed a decrease in cigarette smoking among rural young people (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = [0.52, 0.98]) from 2010 to 2016. Higher family income was related to higher odds of cigarette smoking among young people (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = [1.10, 2.80]). Cigarette smoking among young people in families with higher incomes increased over time. Policies and interventions targeting the young should consider the socioeconomic disparities and multilevel context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamic, Syracuse University, White Hall 220, 150 Crouse Dr, New York, 13244, USA.
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Sociology Department, Biquan School, Xiangtan University, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fekom M, Nguyen TL, Lepeule J, Nakamura A, Keyes K, Martins S, Strandberg-Larsen K, Melchior M. Intergenerational transmission of tobacco smoking: The role of the child's behavioral difficulties. Data from the Danish National Birth cohort (DNBC). Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 255:111056. [PMID: 38128363 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study explores the role of offspring behavioral difficulties in the intergeneration transmission of tobacco smoking. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study is based on children born in Denmark in 1996-2003 participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC), followed-up until 18years of age. We included mother-child pairs with complete data regarding the exposure (4 trajectories of maternal daily smoking quantity during pregnancy: low, intermediate/stable, intermediate/decreasing and high), outcome (offspring daily smoking status at 18 years) and mediator (offspring symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention at 11 years), that is 24,588 mother-child pairs. RESULTS In our study population, during pregnancy respectively 86.2%, 6.80%, 4.08% and 2.97% mothers belonged to the low, intermediate/stable, intermediate/decreasing and high smoking trajectory groups. After controlling for covariates using propensity scores, the direct effect of maternal smoking in pregnancy on offspring smoking in adolescence was statistically significant, especially when the mother belonged to the intermediate/stable smoking trajectory group (ORIPW = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.70 - 2.61) or to the high smoking trajectory group (ORIPW = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.52 - 3.11) compared to the low smoking trajectory group. None of the indirect effects of maternal smoking in pregnancy were statistically significant, and neither were the proportions mediated. CONCLUSION Maternal pregnancy smoking seems to have an influence on offspring smoking in early adulthood, which does not appear to be mediated by offspring behavioral difficulties. Women should be strongly encouraged to quit smoking in pregnancy to reduce both short and long-term health risks among their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Fekom
- Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLesp), Department of Social Epidemiology (ERES), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France.
| | - Tri-Long Nguyen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Nakamura
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Katherine Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | | | - Maria Melchior
- Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (iPLesp), Department of Social Epidemiology (ERES), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75012, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurt ZK, Demir Hacıosmanoğlu G, Yıldırım M, Özaslan A. Adolescent smoking patterns: Associations with sociodemographic factors, cyberbullying, and psychiatric diagnoses in an outpatient clinical sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38165398 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2299873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of research on smoking in adolescents within a clinical (outpatient) sample, and there is no existing knowledge on the relationship between cyberbullying and smoking in this population. The primary aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking among adolescents in a clinical sample. Additionally, it aims to examine the potential associations between smoking status and factors such as socioeconomic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and cyberbullying levels. A cross-sectional study was performed on 200 adolescents who visited a tertiary child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Participants were assessed using the DSM-5 based psychiatric evaluation, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T), the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The study found that 21% of the sample consisted of regular smokers, with a higher prevalence observed among older adolescents. The prevalence of depression and disruptive behavior disorders was significantly greater in the smoking group compared to other groups (p:0.043, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in the scores for the cyberbullying bully subdimension among smokers (p = 0.013). The results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated significant associations between smoking and age, maternal smoking status, friends smoking status, and a diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder (p < 0.05 for all variables). This study reveals a significant prevalence of adolescent smoking in an outpatient clinic. These findings highlight the necessity of implementing focused smoking cessation interventions for this specific population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kübra Kurt
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Child Protection Research and Application Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ortega LA, Aragon-Carvajal DM, Cortes-Corso KT, Forero-Castillo F. Early developmental risks for tobacco addiction: A probabilistic epigenesis framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105499. [PMID: 38056543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the relationships between early life psychobiological and environmental risk factors and the development of tobacco addiction. However, a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity in tobacco addiction phenotypes requires integrating research findings. The probabilistic epigenesis meta-theory offers a valuable framework for this integration, considering systemic, multilevel, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. In this paper, we critically review relevant research on early developmental risks associated with tobacco addiction and highlight the integrative heuristic value of the probabilistic epigenesis framework for this research. For this, we propose a four-level systems approach as an initial step towards integration, analyzing complex interactions among different levels of influence. Additionally, we explore a coaction approach to examine key interactions between early risk factors. Moreover, we introduce developmental pathways to understand interindividual differences in tobacco addiction risk during development. This integrative approach holds promise for advancing our understanding of tobacco addiction etiology and informing potentially effective intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Ortega
- Facultad de Psicologia, Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Colombia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva-Gallardo CP, Maggs JL. Pubertal development at age 14 is associated with male adolescents' combustible cigarette smoking and dual use, but not with e-cigarette use - Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 253:111031. [PMID: 37995392 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent nicotine exposure via electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a global health concern. Pubertal development earlier than peers increases the risk of tobacco smoking compared to peers experiencing on-time or late maturation, yet relationships of pubertal timing with e-cigarettes are unknown. We examine whether early pubertal timing is associated with risk for e-cigarette use, tobacco cigarettes, or both by age 14. METHODS The Millennium Cohort Study follows a representative cohort of 18,552 9-month-old children born 2000-2002 in the United Kingdom. Our sample includes 11,445 adolescents (5697 boys, 5748 girls) classified at age 14 as early, on-time, or late in pubertal development timing (PDT) relative to same-age, same-sex peers using the Pubertal Development Scale. Outcomes were use of e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, or both by age 14. We included childhood liability confounders and demographics measured from age 7-11. RESULTS For girls, no PDT differences in age 14 e-cigarette or tobacco cigarette use were observed. All relative to on-time PDT boys, early maturing boys' odds of tobacco cigarette use were 59% higher (OR=1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08,2.35), and odds of dual-use were 49% higher (OR=1.49, CI=1.11,1.99), both compared to odds of never use. Among late PDT boys, dual-use odds were lower than never use by 35% (OR=0.65, CI=0.47,0.91) and lower than e-cigarette use only by 36% (OR=0.64, CI=0.42,0.97). CONCLUSIONS At age 14, PDT was not associated with e-cigarette use for either sex, yet it was linked with tobacco use and dual use among boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza P Silva-Gallardo
- Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Society and Health Research Center and Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policies (nDP), Chile.
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sunday S, Clancy L, Hanafin J. The associations of parental smoking, quitting and habitus with teenager e-cigarette, smoking, alcohol and other drug use in GUI Cohort '98. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20105. [PMID: 37973812 PMCID: PMC10654505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyse parental smoking and cessation (quitting) associations with teenager e-cigarette, alcohol, tobacco smoking and other drug use, and explore parental smoking as a mechanism for social reproduction. We use data from Waves 1-3 of Growing Up in Ireland (Cohort '98). Our analytic sample consisted of n = 6,039 participants reporting in all 3 Waves. Data were collected in Waves 1 and 2 when the children were 9 and 13 years old and in Wave 3 at age 17/18 years. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to analyse teenage substance use at Wave 3. Parental smoking was associated with significantly increased risk of all teenage substance use, adjusted odds ratios were aOR2.13 (ever e-cigarette use); aOR1.92 (ever alcohol use); aOR1.88 (current alcohol use); aOR1.90 (ever use of other drugs); aOR2.10 (ever-smoking); and aOR1.91 (current smoking). Primary caregiver smoking cessation (quitting) was associated with a lower risk for teenager current smoking aOR0.62, ever e-cigarette use aOR 0.65 and other drug use aOR 0.57. Primary caregiver smoking behaviour had greater associations than secondary, and age13 exposure more than age 9. Habitus seems to play a role and wealth was protective for teenage smoking. The findings suggest that prevention interventions should target both caregivers and their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salome Sunday
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joan Hanafin
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Sociology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu J, Tan ASL, Winickoff JP, Rees VW. Correlates of adolescent sole-, dual- and poly-use of cannabis, vaped nicotine, and combusted tobacco. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107804. [PMID: 37478525 PMCID: PMC10528055 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to single substance use, adolescents' use of multiple substances is associated with more severe dependence, cessation outcomes, and health risks. This study examined correlates of use and co-use of e-cigarettes, combusted tobacco, and cannabis among high school-aged (9th-12th grade, approximately aged 14-18) adolescents. METHODS We analyzed the 2019 Massachusetts Youth Health Survey (MYHS) data to calculate the weighted means of any past 30-day sole-use of e-cigarettes, sole-use of combusted tobacco, sole-use of cannabis, dual-use of two of the above substances, and poly-use of all three substances. We then used weighted multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between demographic, social and behavioral factors and sole-, dual-, and poly-use (vs. no use) of these substances. RESULTS Among N = 1614 respondents, any past 30-day dual-use of e-cigarettes and cannabis was the most prevalent (17.2%, SE: 1.3%). Sole-use of combusted tobacco was less than 1%, whereas 4.5% (SE: 0.7%) of respondents reported poly-use of e-cigarettes, cannabis, and combusted tobacco. Lower academic grades and self-reported depression (1 item on persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness) were associated with increased odds of dual-use of e-cigarettes and cannabis and poly-use (vs. sole-use of any substance). Adolescents who self-reported having "any long-term emotional problems or learning disabilities" had greater odds of poly-use. CONCLUSION Different sets of correlates were associated with sole-, dual-, and poly-use, suggesting that certain adolescents may be more vulnerable than others to multiple substance use. Future research should examine potentially modifiable upstream influences, such as the home environment and socioeconomic factors that may affect the relationship between adolescent mental health, school performance, and multiple addictive substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Liu
- REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Andy S L Tan
- University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication, Philadelphia, PA, United States; University of Pennsylvania, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, Tobacco and Environmental Carcinogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Winickoff
- MassGeneral Hospital Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Boston, MA, United States; MGH Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Boston, MA, United States; American Academy of Pediatrics Julius B. Richmond Center, Itasca, IL, United States
| | - Vaughan W Rees
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Heinly A, Baird J, Riese A. Screening and Counseling Practices for Parental Combustible Versus Electronic Cigarette Use in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Study. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1169-1175. [PMID: 36797988 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231154108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco exposure plays an important role in children's health. Little is known about pediatrician's experience with parental e-cigarette use. This pilot study aimed to assess pediatrician's knowledge, attitude, and behaviors regarding parental e-cigarette use. METHODS This cross-sectional survey at an academic clinic assessed residents' and attendings' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding parental combustible and e-cigarette use and counseling and cessation barriers. RESULTS Sixty of 69 care providers completed the survey. Participants reported asking about parental use (5% vs 58%, Δ = 53% [95% CI Δ = 40%-67%]), advising about harms (5% vs 52%, Δ = 47% [95% CI Δ = 33%-61%]), and assisting with quitting (2% vs 28%, Δ = 27% [95% CI Δ = 15%-39%]) significantly less for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes. The most common barrier to discussing use was lack of time. Lack of knowledge, unsure of harm, and lack of training were reported significantly more for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes. CONCLUSION Parental screening and counseling rates are significantly lower for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes in this pilot study. Increased training could help pediatricians better protect children from tobacco exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Heinly
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Janette Baird
- Injury Prevention Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison Riese
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dickter CL, Forestell CA. Effect of parental smoking behavior and motives on preadolescents' neural attention to smoking-related cues. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2023; 37:785-795. [PMID: 36037485 PMCID: PMC9971323 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to investigate neural responses to smoking cues in preadolescent children of smokers and nonsmokers. METHOD To accomplish this, we recruited 111 8-12-year-old children (Mage = 122.13 months; SD = 17.41; 50 female) and their parents. Participants were presented with 60 pictures of smoking-related and control cues that were matched in color, intensity, and size in random order on a computer screen. Pictures depicted people interacting with the relevant objects or the relevant objects were presented alone. Neural activity in the form of electroencephalogram was recorded during the presentation of the pictures, and event-related potentials elicited by these stimuli were examined. Parents answered questions about how often they smoked cigarettes and about their motives for smoking. RESULTS Results demonstrated that P3 amplitude was larger to smoking-related cues compared to non-smoking-related cues for children of smokers in the central, parietal, and occipital regions. This effect was only seen for pictures depicting people interacting with the stimuli (e.g., a person holding a cigarette). In contrast, responses did not differ across conditions in children of nonsmokers. Moreover, P3 amplitudes were larger for children of parents who reported that smoking provided greater positive and negative reinforcement. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide important insights about the mechanisms involved in the relationship between parental and child smoking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
19
|
Roy R, Kumar P, Pandey S, Ranjan A, Singh C. Tobacco Usage and Its Association With Mental Health Status of School-Going Adolescents Near Patna, Bihar: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern India. Cureus 2023; 15:e39033. [PMID: 37323342 PMCID: PMC10266301 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Of all the adolescents in India, 7.3% are suffering from some form of mental disorder. They frequently use tobacco to cope with these problems, but get stuck in a vicious cycle of deteriorating mental health. Our study aimed to determine the effect of tobacco on the mental health status of adolescents studying in the 9th to 12th standards in 10 high schools in urban and rural areas near Patna, Bihar. Methodology An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 school-going adolescents recruited using stratified random sampling. Selected adolescents were given the Indian Adolescent Health Questionnaire. The mental health status was calculated from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) score. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco use was also obtained. Independent t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for predicting the significant factors. Significance was set at p-values <0.05. Results In this study, 40 (11.1%) adolescents had abnormal whereas 55 (15.3%) had borderline overall SDQ scores. The majority of those affected had peer problems (40%) and conduct problems (24.7%). All SDQ components of conduct (F = 2.94, p = 0.013), hyperactivity (F = 2.90, p = 0.014), emotional problems (F = 1.14, p = 0.001), and peer pressure (F = 3.06, p = 0.010), as well as the overall SDQ score (F = 5.74, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with increasing age. The adolescents attending rural schools (13.28 ± 5.22, p = 0.047) had significantly higher SDQ scores than those attending urban schools (12.08 ± 5.60). Hyperactivity scores were significantly higher in those studying in class 10 compared to other classes and in those attending rural rather than urban schools. Emotional problems score was significantly higher in 16-17-year-old students than in 14-15-year-old students, in females than in males, and in class 10 than in class 9 students. Only 24 (6.7%) adolescents had a history of tobacco consumption at least once which was significantly associated with the SDQ score (17.71 ± 5.69; t = 4.95, df = 358, p < 0.001). Around 79.4% of adolescents were exposed to passive smoking from close friends which deteriorated their overall mental health status (14.50 ± 5.99; F = 6.29, df = 2,357, p = 0.002). Those who had smoked for more than 10 days had significantly greater conduct problems and lesser pro-social behavior. Overall, 96.1% agreed that tobacco is harmful to health, and 76.1% had seen anti-smoking messages in the media. Female gender, increasing class and age, and history of smoking or chewing tobacco at least once also led to a significant increase in emotional problems. Age, area of the school, history of tobacco consumption, and exposure to cigarette smoke by either a close friend or male guardian had a significant impact on the conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems, and overall mental health status of school-going adolescents. Conclusions Predicting risk factors such as age, area of the school, and the history of tobacco consumption by self or by close friends is important for decision-making by school administration regarding counseling for mental health and preventing tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Roy
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Chandramani Singh
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lancker WV, Herreweghe LV. Childhood disadvantage: pathways for future research. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e252-e253. [PMID: 36965978 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
|
21
|
Yu Z, Qin W, Li J. Intergenerational transmission of parental risky health behaviors in Chinese children: Are there socioeconomic status differences? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:842817. [PMID: 36698800 PMCID: PMC9870313 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risky health behaviors in childhood, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and having a poor diet, are the major sources of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to examine how parents affect children's risky health behaviors and whether intergenerational transmission differs based on socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Data were extracted from the 1991-2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Smoking (n = 5,946), alcohol consumption (n = 7,821), and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption (n = 3,537) were used as proxies for risky health behaviors in children. A binary choice model for panel data with a random-effect specification was employed to examine whether risky health behaviors can be transmitted from parents to their children. Subsequently, we conducted a seemingly unrelated estimation test (SUEST) to explore the differences in parental transmission between the different SES groups. Results We found strong intergenerational persistence of smoking, alcohol drinking, and SSBs drinking behaviors, except for the mothers' smoking behavior. Mothers had a greater influence on children's alcohol drinking and SSBs drinking behaviors than fathers both in urban and rural areas and in different SES groups. The intergenerational transmission of SSBs drinking behavior exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SES for both urban and rural families. In urban areas, mothers' alcohol drinking behavior has a decreasing trend with increasing education level, occupation, and income; however, in rural areas, the influence of mothers' alcohol drinking behavior occurred in the same direction with increasing education level and occupation type. In rural areas, the influence of fathers' drinking and smoking behaviors on children appears to mostly increase with increasing SES. Meanwhile, the influence of such behaviors among urban fathers would decrease with increasing SES. Conclusion Parents' behaviors and SES can influence the initiation of risky health behaviors in their offspring. Thus, to promote healthy behaviors, policymakers can introduce health education programs for parents, particularly for those living in rural areas and with a low SES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Yu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wen Qin
- Infirmary of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kristjansson AL, Kogan SM, Mann MJ, Smith ML, Lilly CL, James JE. Possible role of caffeine in nicotine use onset among early adolescents: Evidence from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285682. [PMID: 37167246 PMCID: PMC10174549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing nicotine use onset among children and youth is an important public health goal. One possible contributor that has received little empirical investigation is caffeine use. The goal of this study was to examine the possible contribution of caffeine to nicotine onset during early adolescence. METHODS We used data from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort. Survey data were collected from 1,349 (response rate: 80.7%) 6th grade students (mean age at baseline 11.5 years) in 20 middle schools in West Virginia during the fall of 2020 and spring of 2021. We limited our analyses to students reporting never having used any form of nicotine at baseline. Logistic regression was employed in analyses. RESULTS Approximately 8% of participants reported having used nicotine at least once between baseline and the follow-up, and 4.7% reported solely using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and no other forms of nicotine. In multivariable analyses, we controlled for many environmental, social, and behavioral variables known to influence nicotine use such as alcohol use, peer substance use, and perceived access to nicotine. We formulated our main independent variable, caffeine consumption, as continuous deciles. Any nicotine use, as well as ENDS use only at follow-up, were modeled as dependent variables. Caffeine was significantly associated with nicotine use in both models with ORs of 1.15 (1.04-1.27) and 1.13 (1.00-1.28). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine consumption among 6th grade non-nicotine users was associated with nicotine use at approximately 6-months follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael J Mann
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, College of Health Sciences, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, College of Health Sciences, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jack E James
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Legleye S, Bricard D, Khlat M. Roles of parental smoking and family structure for the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in adolescent smoking. Addiction 2023; 118:149-159. [PMID: 35971293 DOI: 10.1111/add.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Among European countries, France is particularly concerned by adolescent tobacco smoking, especially in disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds (SES). We measured the respective contributions of parental smoking and family living arrangement to social disparities in smoking during adolescence. DESIGN Secondary analysis of survey data. SETTING A cross-sectional nation-wide exhaustive 12-day survey in March 2017 of French youth aged 17-18.5 years participating in the national mandatory civic information day. PARTICIPANTS A total of 13 314 adolescents answering a pen-and-paper questionnaire about their own tobacco consumption and the smoking of their parents. MEASUREMENTS Risk ratios (RRs) were computed using modified Poisson regressions, and population-attributable fraction (PAF) was used as a measure of the explanatory roles of the different factors as mediators of SES. FINDINGS Adolescents living within very privileged and privileged SES were significantly less likely to report daily tobacco smoking (20.4 and 22.7%, respectively) than those within modest and disadvantaged ones (26.0 and 28.6%, respectively). Parental smoking and family living arrangement independently explained the smoking inequalities among adolescents. After adjusting for schooling factors, the risks associated with parental smoking ranged between RR = 1.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.50-1.79] when the father only smoked and RR = 2.17 (95% CI = 1.99-2.36) when both parents smoked, compared with non-smoking parents; the risk associated with living in a non-intact family was 1.35 (95% CI = 1.26-1.43) and that of living outside the parental home was 1.20 (95% CI = 1.10-1.30). Apprentices and adolescents out of school had higher risks than those at school (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.68-1.98) and RR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.92-2.29). The contribution of parental smoking to adolescent smoking (PAF = 32%) was greater than that of SES (PAF = 9%), family living arrangement (PAF = 17%) or schooling factors (14%). The share of SES decreased from 18 to 9% when considering these mediating factors. CONCLUSION In France, parental smoking appears to be the factor that most influences adolescent smoking, followed by family living arrangement; the role of family socio-economic status is small in comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Legleye
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de médecine UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France.,Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, Montrouge, France
| | - Damien Bricard
- Institut de recherche et documentation en économie de la santé (Irdes), Paris, France
| | - Myriam Khlat
- Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Aubervilliers, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahammer A, Halla M. The intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence: Evidence from administrative data. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:2425-2444. [PMID: 35969540 PMCID: PMC9804411 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To address the opioid crisis, it is crucial to understand its origins. We provide descriptive evidence for the intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence. Our analysis is based on administrative data covering the universe of Austrian births from 1984 to 1990. We consider prescription opioids and a new proxy for addiction to illicit opioids. We find that, if at least one parent is using illicit opioids, the likelihood of the child using increases from 1% to 7%. For prescription opioids, we observe an increase from 3.6% to 6.7%. Both associations are stable and do not change when controlling for environmental variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ahammer
- Department of EconomicsJohannes Kepler UniversityLinzAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory Aging, Health, and the Labor MarketLinzAustria
| | - Martin Halla
- Department of EconomicsJohannes Kepler UniversityLinzAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory Aging, Health, and the Labor MarketLinzAustria
- IZA, Institute for the Study of LaborBonnGermany
- GÖG, Austrian Public Health InstituteViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gallardo M, Zepeda A, Biely C, Jackson N, Puffer M, Anton P, Dudovitz R. School-Based Health Center Utilization During COVID-19 Pandemic-Related School Closures. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:1045-1050. [PMID: 35945893 PMCID: PMC9538881 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding utilization of school-based health centers (SBHCs) during prolonged school closures, such as those that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to compare SBHC utilization before and after pandemic-related school closures across a network of SBHCs affiliated with a large Southern Californian urban school district. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of encounter data extracted from electronic health records from 12 SBHCs that remained open despite school closures, including patient demographics and diagnostic and billing codes. We used the Clinical Classifications Software Refined to group encounters for common primary care conditions. Utilization before and during pandemic-related school closures was compared using logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors to account for clustering within clinics, after adjusting for month of encounter. RESULTS During the pandemic, study SBHCs conducted 52,530 encounters and maintained ∼4040 encounters/month. The frequency of encounters for annual preventative health exams increased for school-aged patients but decreased for other age groups while the frequency of encounters for mental health problems increased for all age groups. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Despite pandemic-related school closures, SBHCs appeared play a critical role in providing primary care to vulnerable communities. CONCLUSIONS SBHCs may hold value beyond their co-location with academic instruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Zepeda
- The L.A. Trust for Children's HealthLos AngelesCA
| | - Christopher Biely
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; UCLA Department of PediatricsLos AngelesCA
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; UCLA General Internal MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; UCLA Department of PediatricsLos AngelesCA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park M, Kim SH, Nari F, Jang BN, Park EC. Association between parents' country of birth and smoking risks in South Korean adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17094. [PMID: 36224213 PMCID: PMC9556516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether significant associations exist between multicultural families and adolescent smoking risks in South Korea. Data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. Participants were classified into four family types (South Korean mother-foreign father, South Korean father-foreign mother, both foreign parents, and both South Korean parents) according to their parents' country of birth and smoking was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the significance of the associations. Overall, 194,259 participants (boys: 94,793, girls: 99,466) enrolled in this study. Adolescents whose parents were born overseas were more likely to smoke than native South Korean adolescents (boys: odds ratio [OR] = 2.61, confidence interval [CI] = 1.79-3.81, girls: OR 3.94, CI 2.42-6.43). When the mother's country of birth was a developing country, there was an increased likelihood of girls smoking, and there was an increased likelihood of smoking among boys when the mother's country of birth was North Korea. When both parents were born abroad, and the mother's country of birth was a developing country, the likelihood of smoking risks among their multicultural teenage children increased. Policies and interventions need to be established and implemented to lower the smoking rate among multicultural teenagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minah Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejun, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatima Nari
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Jang
- Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-to, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maurer JJ, Wimmer ME, Turner CA, Herman RJ, Zhang Y, Ragnini K, Ferrante J, Kimmey BA, Crist RC, Pierce RC, Schmidt HD. Paternal nicotine taking elicits heritable sex-specific phenotypes that are mediated by hippocampal Satb2. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3864-3874. [PMID: 35595980 PMCID: PMC9675874 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine intake, whether through tobacco smoking or e-cigarettes, remains a global health concern. An emerging preclinical literature indicates that parental nicotine exposure produces behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes in subsequent generations. However, the heritable effects of voluntary parental nicotine taking are unknown. Here, we show increased acquisition of nicotine taking in male and female offspring of sires that self-administered nicotine. In contrast, self-administration of sucrose and cocaine were unaltered in male and female offspring suggesting that the intergenerational effects of paternal nicotine taking may be reinforcer specific. Further characterization revealed memory deficits and increased anxiety-like behaviors in drug-naive male, but not female, offspring of nicotine-experienced sires. Using an unbiased, genome-wide approach, we discovered that these phenotypes were associated with decreased expression of Satb2, a transcription factor known to play important roles in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, in the hippocampus of nicotine-sired male offspring. This effect was sex-specific as no changes in Satb2 expression were found in nicotine-sired female offspring. Finally, increasing Satb2 levels in the hippocampus prevented the escalation of nicotine intake and rescued the memory deficits associated with paternal nicotine taking in male offspring. Collectively, these findings indicate that paternal nicotine taking produces heritable sex-specific molecular changes that promote addiction-like phenotypes and memory impairments in male offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Maurer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu E. Wimmer
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Christopher A. Turner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rae J. Herman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kael Ragnini
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia Ferrante
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Blake A. Kimmey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard C. Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. Christopher Pierce
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heath D. Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adade AE, Owusu Ansah K, Dey NEY, Arthur-Holmes F, Duah HO, Pascal A. Exposure to substance and current substance among school-going adolescents in Timor-Leste. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000797. [PMID: 36962611 PMCID: PMC10021776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined how exposure to substance influences adolescent's use of substance in Timor-Leste. We assessed this relationship using nationally representative data from Timor-Leste to address this gap. Data was pulled from the 2015 Timor-Leste Global school-based student health survey. Data of students aged 13-17years (N = 3700) from class 7-11 across schools in Timor-Leste were analyzed for this study. Second-hand smoking exposure (AOR = 1.57 [1.31, 1.89] and parental tobacco use, AOR = 1.94 [1.54, 2.44]) was significantly related to in-school adolescent's current use of substance after adjusting for covariates. Current substance use was also positively associated with being male, being in class 10-12, and being food insecure and negatively associated with having at least three close friends and benefiting from parental supervision. To reduce substance use among in-school adolescents, policymakers must consider the inclusion of all models in the social learning environment of adolescents in Timor-Leste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Owusu Ansah
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Psychiatry, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Agbadi Pascal
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Trapl E, Pike Moore S, Osborn C, Gupta N, Love TE, Kinzy TG, Kinsella A, Frank S. Evaluation of Restrictions on Tobacco Sales to Youth Younger Than 21 Years in Cleveland, Ohio, Area. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2222987. [PMID: 35819781 PMCID: PMC9277498 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Tobacco 21 (T21) policies raise the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco from 18 to 21 years to curb youth access to tobacco products. While some studies have found that T21 is associated with reducing prevalence of youth tobacco use, little is known about the impact it may have on youth of different racial and ethnic identities. Objective To evaluate the association of T21 policy with the prevalence of high school youth tobacco use across sex, race, and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study used representative survey data collected from the local biennial Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2013 to 2017 comparing Cleveland, Ohio (which has a T21 policy), to proximal jurisdictions in the first-ring suburbs in Cuyahoga County (which do not have T21 policies). Within-Cleveland demographic information was also collected for 2013 to 2019. Overall high school youth tobacco use rates were compared between Cleveland and the first-ring suburbs and then examined within Cleveland among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White high school students. Percentage data were adjusted to more closely align with local population demographics. Data were analyzed from January to June 2022. Exposures T21 was implemented in Cleveland in 2016 and not adopted in proximal jurisdictions or at the state and federal level until at least 1 year later. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were prevalence of past 30-day cigarette, cigar product, or e-cigarette use, measured using geographically representative high school youth survey data from 2013 to 2015 (prelegislation) and 2017 to 2019 (postlegislation) and compared using a difference-in-differences analysis. Results The unweighted sample included 12 616 high school students (27.0% [95% CI, 26.9%-28.0%] in 10th grade; 50.9% [95% CI, 50.3%-51.6%] females) participating in 1 or more Youth Risk Behavior Surveys from 2013 to 2019, including 7064 students in Cleveland and 5552 students in the first-ring suburbs. Compared with the first-ring suburbs, Cleveland had a greater proportion of younger students (1623 [28.5%] ninth grade students vs 2179 [34.0%] ninth grade students) and Hispanic students (436 students [1.1%] vs 1433 students [12.6%]) and non-Hispanic Black students (2000 students [53.1%] vs 3971 students [75.1%]). Cigars were the most commonly used tobacco product in Cleveland, with use reported by 6201 students (19.8%) in 2013, 5877 students (21.3%) in 2015, and 5784 students (16.8%) in 2019. Compared with the first-ring suburbs, there was a greater decline in prevalence of use of cigars in Cleveland (β = 0.18 [SE, 0.05]; P < .001). The disparity across race, ethnicity, and sex decreased for all current tobacco product use. For example, the maximum difference between demographic subpopulations in current cigarette use was 11.6 (95% CI, 9.5-13.7) percentage points in 2013 between White females (16.1% [95% CI, 11.3%-20.8%]) and Black males (4.5% [95% CI, 3.5%-5.4%]). This maximum difference in current cigarette use decreased significantly to 5.1 (95% CI, 3.5-6.7) percentage points in 2019 between White females (6.9% [95% CI, 3.4%-10.3%]) and Black females (1.8% [95% CI, 0.7%-2.8%]). Conclusions and Relevance This survey study found that there was a decline in youth-reported tobacco use across every tobacco product category from 2013 to 2019. This decline changed the trajectory of use among several demographic groups and brought the youth populations with the highest tobacco product use to similar rates of others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Trapl
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephanie Pike Moore
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Catherine Osborn
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Neha Gupta
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas E. Love
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Population Health Research Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Audrey Kinsella
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott Frank
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Farooqui M, Shoaib S, Afaq H, Quadri S, Zaina F, Baig A, Liaquat A, Sarwar Z, Zafar A, Younus S. Bidirectionality of smoking and depression in adolescents: a systematic review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 45:e20210429. [PMID: 35738567 PMCID: PMC10416256 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, evidence has been accumulating that both smoking and mental health disorders are continuously increasing among adolescents. This systematic review elucidates the research into evidence of the direction of the association and risk factors influencing the relationship between smoking and depression. We also highlight recent studies on the effects of electronic cigarettes and developments on the association between depression and smoking. METHODS A literature search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in relevant neurology and psychiatry journals. Terms used for electronic searches included smoking, tobacco, cigarettes; depression; adolescent, youth; direction. Relevant information was then utilized to synthesize findings on the association between smoking and depression among adolescent population. RESULTS The initial database searches yielded 2,738 related articles. After screening and cross-referencing, duplicate articles, articles published in languages other than English, and studies on animals, social and lifestyle factors, mood disorders, and substance use were excluded. Of these, a total of 122 publications only focusing on smoking and depression in the adolescent population were selected for synthesis in this qualitative systemic review. These include 110 original research articles, eight meta-analyses and reviews, and four reports and websites. CONCLUSION The relationship between smoking and depression in the literature does not reflect the cause-effect relationship. The lack of evidence on the direction of the association may reflect futile study designs, confounding factors and/or use of indirect measures of depression and quantification of smoking. Future prospective randomized studies should target elucidation of the causal association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaHospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Samra Shoaib
- Department of PsychiatryNassau UniversityMedical CenterEast MeadowNYUSA Department of Psychiatry, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA.
| | - Humera Afaq
- Department of Public HealthNational UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Department of Public Health, National University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Syed Quadri
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fatima Zaina
- Department of PulmonologyZiauddin University and HospitalKarachiPakistan Department of Pulmonology, Ziauddin University and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Aqsa Baig
- Liaquat National HospitalMedical CollegeKarachiPakistan Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Liaquat
- Karachi Medical and Dental CollegeKarachiPakistan Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Zoona Sarwar
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sana Younus
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alves J, Perelman J, Ramos E, Kunst AE. Intergenerational transmission of parental smoking: when are offspring most vulnerable? Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:741-746. [PMID: 35712820 PMCID: PMC9527976 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has showed that the likelihood of smoking is higher among offspring with smoking parents. The aim of this cohort study is to investigate during which smoking initiation stages and at what ages adolescents are more likely to be influenced by parental smoking. METHODS This study used the EPITeen Cohort, which recruited 13-year-old adolescents born in 1990, enrolled at schools in Porto, Portugal. Participants (n = 996) were followed across four waves at 13, 17, 21 and 24 years old. We computed the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of the different smoking states (never smoking, experimenter, less than daily smoker, daily smoker and former smoker), and incidence transitions between these states (to smoking experimenter; to less than daily smoker, to daily smoker; to former smoker) as function of age, parental smoking status and their interaction. RESULTS Compared with other participants, those with two smoking parents had an increased prevalence of experimentation at 13 years (OR for the interaction at 13 years compared with 24 years = 2.13 [1.50-3.01]) and daily smoking at all ages (OR for parental smoking =1.91 [1.52-2.40]). The latter increase is related to a significantly increased risk to transit from early smoking stages to daily smoking at all ages (OR for parental smoking = 1.83 [1.43-2.34]). CONCLUSIONS Parental smoking influences offspring's daily smoking prevalence especially by increasing the risk to transit to daily smoking up to early adulthood. Prevention should focus on parents and parental influences especially among offspring who may transition to daily smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Alves
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, CISP, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA National School of Public Health, Comprehensive Health Research Centre, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Perelman
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, CISP, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA National School of Public Health, Comprehensive Health Research Centre, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A E Kunst
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Morais ÉAHD, Oliveira BED, Roesberg JMA, Souza PSN, Souza RNBD, Costa SF, Marques VDS, Abreu MNS. [Individual and contextual factors associated with smoking among young Brazilian adults]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2349-2362. [PMID: 35649022 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022276.20622021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Young people receive special attention regarding smoking as it is a period of life in which the use of this and other substances generally starts and is consolidated. There are no studies on risk factors associated with young adults with a representative sample from Brazil that take into consideration individual and contextual aspects. The objective was to identify factors associated with smoking among young Brazilian adults aged 18 to 24 years, considering the combined influence of individual and contextual factors assessed through the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study that used data from the 2019 National Health Survey. Using the Poisson multilevel model with robust variance for estimating the Prevalence Ratio, individual variables were analyzed, and the MHDI as a contextual variable in each Federative Unit. In addition to individual factors, the MHDI was also associated with smoking among young people, with an increase in the prevalence of tobacco consumption among young people as the state's MHDI increases (p<0.001), indicating that living in a state with better conditions according to the MHDI, socioeconomic status is associated with a higher probability of young people smoking when compared to those residing in other states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Emiliano de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Joana Motta Araújo Roesberg
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Priscila Silvia Nunes Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | | | - Saraid Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Vitória da Silva Marques
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| | - Mery Natali Silva Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Machado do Vale TC, da Silva Chagas L, de Souza Pereira H, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Arévalo A, Oliveira-Silva Bomfim P. Neuroscience Outside the Box: From the Laboratory to Discussing Drug Abuse at Schools. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:782205. [PMID: 35634202 PMCID: PMC9133440 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.782205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic is that low-income countries were pushed further into extreme poverty, exacerbating social inequalities and increasing susceptibility to drug use/abuse in people of all ages. The risks of drug abuse may not be fully understood by all members of society, partly because of the taboo nature of the subject, and partly because of the considerable gap between scientific production/understanding and communication of such knowledge to the public at large. Drug use is a major challenge to social development and a leading cause of school dropout rates worldwide. Some public policies adopted in several countries in recent decades failed to prevent drug use, especially because they focused on imposing combative or coercive measures, investing little or nothing in education and prevention. Here we highlight the role of neuroscience education as a valid approach in drug use education and prevention. We propose building a bridge between schools and scientists by promoting information, student engagement and honest dialogue, and show evidence that public policy regulators should be persuaded to support such science-based education programs in their efforts to effect important positive changes in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Machado do Vale
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Chagas
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Helena de Souza Pereira
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Analía Arévalo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mahabee-Gittens EM, Vidourek RA, King KA, Merianos AL. Home Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Neighborhood Support and Safety among U.S. School-aged Children. HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH 2022; 5:6. [PMID: 38107160 PMCID: PMC10722861 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Children who are socioeconomically disadvantaged face a myriad of environmental hardships in the neighborhoods in which they live. This study examined the associations between home tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and neighborhood support, neighborhood safety, and school safety among U.S. school-aged children. Children ages 6-11 years were included in this secondary analysis of 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health data (N = 17,300). Children's home TSE status was categorized into three levels: (1) no TSE: Child did not live with a smoker; (2) Outside TSE only: Child lived with a smoker who did not smoke inside the home; and (3) Inside TSE: Child lived with a smoker who smoked inside the home. Parent-reported measures of perceived neighborhood support, and neighborhood and school safety were examined; covariates included the child's age, sex, and race/ethnicity; the parent's education; the family's household structure, and federal poverty level. Weighted logistic and ordinal regression models were built adjusting for the covariates. In total, 13.2% of children had outside TSE and 1.7% of children had inside TSE. Multivariable logistic regression model results indicated that children with outside TSE were at decreased odds (AOR = 0.79, 95%CI = 0.65-0.96) of living in a supportive neighborhood compared to children with no TSE. Ordinal regression model results indicated that children with outside TSE (AOR = 0.77, 95%CI = 0.61-0.97) and children with inside TSE were at decreased odds (AOR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39-0.99) of going to a school that was perceived as safe. Community-level programs, policies, and funding are needed to improve neighborhood characteristics among children with TSE to improve their future health outcomes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yim G, Roberts A, Ascherio A, Wypij D, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Weisskopf AMG. Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation. Epidemiology 2022; 33:431-440. [PMID: 35213510 PMCID: PMC9010055 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal experiments indicate that environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke, can have multigenerational effects through the germline. However, there are little data on multigenerational effects of smoking in humans. We examined the associations between grandmothers' smoking while pregnant and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in her grandchildren. METHODS Our study population included 53,653 Nurses' Health Study II (NHS-II) participants (generation 1 [G1]), their mothers (generation 0 [G0]), and their 120,467 live-born children (generation 2 [G2]). In secondary analyses, we used data from 23,844 mothers of the nurses who were participants in the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study (NMCS), a substudy of NHS-II. RESULTS The prevalence of G0 smoking during the pregnancy with the G1 nurse was 25%. ADHD was diagnosed in 9,049 (7.5%) of the grandchildren (G2). Grand-maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of ADHD among the grandchildren (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.2), independent of G1 smoking during pregnancy. In the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study, odds of ADHD increased with increasing cigarettes smoked per day by the grandmother (1-14 cigarettes: aOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.2; 15+: aOR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.3), compared with nonsmoking grandmothers. CONCLUSIONS Grandmother smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of ADHD among the grandchildren.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyoon Yim
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrea Roberts
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David Wypij
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA
| | | | - And Marc G Weisskopf
- From the Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
James PB, Kassim SA, Kabba JA, Kitchen C. Tobacco Use among School-Going Adolescents in Comoros: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7134340. [PMID: 35299893 PMCID: PMC8923772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7134340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Tobacco use among adolescents has long-term adverse health consequences, especially during adulthood. Currently, little is known about tobacco use behaviour among adolescents in Comoros. Our study aims at estimating the prevalence and identifying key factors associated with tobacco use among adolescents in Comoros using the 2015 Comoros Global Youth Tobacco Survey data. Methods A national cross-sectional survey secondary data of 2,810 eligible school-going adolescents aged between 11 and 17 years was analysed. Complex sample logistic regression analyses were used to determine the correlates of current cigarette smoking and current use of noncigarette tobacco products. Results The overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 14.3% [males (18.5%) and females (9.9%)]. The prevalence of current use of noncigarette tobacco products was 5.8% [males (6.7%) and females (4.9%)]. Being male (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI:1.39-3.63), exposure to secondhand smoke inside (AOR =3.88; 95% CI:2.84-5.31) and outside (AOR =1.49; 95% CI: 1.08-2.03) their home, and exposure to tobacco industry promotion (AOR =2.90; 95% CI:2.21-3.80) were associated with current cigarette use among school-going adolescents. However, parental smoke (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI:0.78-1.87) and not exposed to antismoking education in schools (AOR = 0.97; 95% CI:0.76-1.22) were not associated with current cigarette use. On the other hand, being male (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI:0.82-1.86) was not associated with the current use of noncigarette tobacco products. Adolescents who were exposed to tobacco industry promotion (AOR = .2.58; 95% CI:1.54-4.32) and not exposed to antismoking education in school (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI:0.32-0.85) were more and less likely associated with noncigarette tobacco use. Conclusion One in seven school-going adolescents smokes cigarettes, and approximately one in 20 school-going adolescents uses noncigarette tobacco products in Comoros. Exposure to secondhand smoke within and outside the home and exposure to tobacco industry promotion were associated with tobacco use in school-going adolescents in Comoros. Our findings suggest the need for adolescent-friendly gender-sensitive tobacco interventions, including strengthening existing tobacco control laws to prevent and reduce tobacco use among school-going adolescents in Comoros.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bai James
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Said Abasse Kassim
- Département de Management, Centre de Recherche en Gestion Des Services de Sante, Faculté Des Sciences de l'administration (FSA), Université Laval (UL), Centre Hospitalière Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - John Alimamy Kabba
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chenai Kitchen
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Boachie MK, Immurana M, Agyemang JK, Ross H. Cigarette Prices and Smoking Experimentation in Sierra Leone: An Exploratory Study. Tob Use Insights 2022; 15:1179173X221078189. [PMID: 35237082 PMCID: PMC8883380 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x221078189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effect of cigarette prices on the likelihood of experimental smoking among adolescents in Sierra Leone. The study links data from the 2017 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) to price data covering 2008–2017 obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). After employing duration analysis techniques, we find that increases in cigarette prices are associated with a lower probability of smoking experimentation, with an estimated price elasticity of −1.63 (CI: −.24 to −3.02). Other factors affecting an adolescent’s decision to experiment with smoking are parental and friends’ smoking status, gender, exposure to tobacco advertising, and income. We conclude that higher prices, through excise taxation, are important tools for controlling smoking uptake among the youth of Sierra Leone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheal Kofi Boachie
- SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science – PRICELESS SA, Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Mustapha Immurana
- Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - John Kwaku Agyemang
- Internal Audit Department, KNUST, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Economics, School of Public Health, KNUST, PMB Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hana Ross
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kjeld SG, Lund L, Andersen S, Bast LS. Socioeconomic Differences in Cigarette Smoking and Alternative Tobacco Product Use Among Adolescents in a School-Based Smoking Preventive Intervention: Findings From the Second Year of the X:IT II Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:825585. [PMID: 35265577 PMCID: PMC8900944 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.825585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health interventions may differently impact adolescents from diverse backgrounds. This study examined whether a smoking preventive intervention was equally effective in preventing cigarette smoking and use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs, i.e., snus, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe) among students from different socioeconomic backgrounds, i.e., occupational social classes (OSC). Methods Data was from the school-based intervention X:IT II targeting 13- to 15-year-olds Danes. The intervention focused on three main components: smoke-free school time, smoke-free curriculum, and parental involvement. In total, 46 schools were included at baseline (N = 2,307, response rate = 86.3%). Using a difference-in-differences approach, changes in current smoking and ever use of ATPs were estimated among students in high versus low OSC at second follow-up. Analyses were based on available cases (N = 826) and multiple imputations of missing data at the second follow-up (N = 1,965). Results At baseline (age 13), 1.0% of students from high OSC and 4.8% from low OSC currently smoked cigarettes, while this was the case among 24.5 and 25.6%, respectively, at the second follow-up (age 15). Estimates indicated that social inequalities in current smoking diminished over time (p < 0.001). Regarding ATPs, 10.0% of high OSC students and 13.9% of low OSC students had ever used ATPs at baseline, while at second follow-up, 46.8 and 60.8%, respectively, had ever used ATPs. Estimates indicated that social inequalities in ever use of ATPs widened over time (p < 0.001). Conclusions The X:IT II intervention seemed to diminish socioeconomic disparities in smoking over the study period. Meanwhile, social inequalities in ever use of ATPs increased. Therefore, besides focusing on narrowing the social disparities in cigarette smoking, future efforts may, to a larger extent, focus on adolescents' use of ATPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gad Kjeld
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Relationships between ENDS-Related Familial Factors and Oral Health among Adolescents in the United States. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020402. [PMID: 35207015 PMCID: PMC8871736 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of familial and social environments plays a significant role in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use and may contribute to poor oral health among adolescents. This study utilized the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) database and included youths aged 12 to 17 years who reported no history of dental health issues at baseline. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used to examine the association between END-related familial factors and oral health among adolescents in the United States, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The sample consisted of 3892 adolescents (weighted N = 22,689,793). Parents’ extremely negative reaction towards ENDS when they found their children using ENDS (AOR = 0.309) was connected to a lower risk of oral health issues. The findings suggest that clinicians and policymakers need to consider the roles of these factors when developing strategies to improve oral health outcomes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Safarini OA, Taya H, Abu Elhija Y, Qadous M, Farhoud A, Thabaleh A, Khayyat A, Nazzal Z, Abuhassan AM, Ghanim N, Mahamid F, Al Ali R, Damiri B. Assessment of the Relationship of Depression With Tobacco and Caffeine Use Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2021; 13:e19098. [PMID: 34868751 PMCID: PMC8627153 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background University students are at a higher risk of using cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances. Depression is associated with a noticeable decline in academic performance and can increase the risk of substance use. Due to sociopolitical issues, the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among Palestinians has spread in the last decade. However, depression among tobacco and caffeine users remains underrecognized and neglected. Methodology A self-administrated questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the association of depression and the use of cognitive enhancers and psychoactive substances among university students at An-Najah National University in 2020. Results The response rate to the questionnaires was 78.8% (n = 1,051; 38.8% males, 61.2% females). The overall prevalence of depression was high (30.6% males, 34.7% females). The prevalence of cigarette smoking (39.2% males, 3.9% females), waterpipe smoking (43.1% males, 21.6% females), energy drink consumption (59.6% males, 29.7% females), coffee consumption (85.5% for each gender), tea consumption, and chocolate consumption was high, with significant differences in accordance to gender and academic fields. The multinomial logistic regression results revealed that cigarette smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of severe (odds ratio [OR] = 4.5, p = 0.001), moderate (OR = 3.27, p < 0.001), and mild depression (OR = 2.24, p = 0.002) than non-smokers. Severe depression was less prevalent among medical students than health sciences and non-medical students (OR = 0.215, p = 0.015). Moreover, males were less likely to have moderate (OR = 0.5, p = 0.012) and mild (OR = 0.48, p = 0.001) depression than females. Conclusions Overall, the results of this study revealed the high prevalence of depression and the detrimental effects of smoking on students. Moreover, the findings suggest the urgent need to address depression and risk factors among Palestinian university students by educating them about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help. Further, it is crucial to broaden the focus of studies to include students from various academic fields instead of focusing on medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marah Qadous
- Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | | | | | | | - Zaher Nazzal
- Community and Family Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | | | - Nesma Ghanim
- Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Fayez Mahamid
- Clinical Psychology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Rayyan Al Ali
- Forensic Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| | - Basma Damiri
- Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, PSE
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li X, Kaiser N, Borodovsky JT, Riordan R, Kasson E, Cao C, Cavazos-Rehg PA. National Trends of Adolescent Exposure to Tobacco Advertisements: 2012-2020. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2021050495. [PMID: 34851424 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study is to evaluate the temporal trends in the prevalence of cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisement exposure by venue and sociodemographic correlates among US adolescents from 2012 to 2020. METHODS We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative samples of middle and high school youth from the 2012-2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Advertisement exposure was defined as self-report of seeing advertisements "sometimes," "most of the time," and "always." The prevalence of cigarette (and other tobacco products) and e-cigarette advertisement exposure, including overall and at specific venues (Internet, press, screen, and retail stores), was estimated by survey year. RESULTS A total of 139 795 adolescents aged 11 to 19 years old were included in the analysis. The prevalence of exposure to combustible cigarette marketing remained high across all years (any venue ranging from 77.0% [2018] to 91.1% [2014]). An increasing trend for cigarette advertisement exposure was observed from 2017 to 2020 after a drop in 2015 (β2012-2015 = 2.8, P for trend < .001; β2017-2020 = .7, P for trend = .03), driven by retail store-based and Internet-based exposure. A similar increasing pattern in the estimated prevalence of e-cigarette marketing was observed (β2014-2016 = 4.6, P for trend < .001; β2017-2020 = 5.1, P for trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS Given the high estimated prevalence of cigarette and e-cigarette marketing exposure among US adolescents, further regulation efforts for both off-line and online tobacco marketing are needed to mitigate adolescent exposure to content regarding these products, reducing susceptibility to uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chao Cao
- Program in Physical Therapy
- Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yoshida K, Wang J, Malspeis S, Marchand N, Lu B, Prisco LC, Martin LW, Ford JA, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW, Sparks JA. Passive Smoking Throughout the Life Course and the Risk of Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adulthood Among Women. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:2219-2228. [PMID: 34406709 DOI: 10.1002/art.41939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate passive smoking throughout the life course and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while accounting for personal smoking. METHODS We analyzed the Nurses' Health Study II prospective cohort, using information collected via biennial questionnaires. We assessed the influence of 1) maternal smoking during pregnancy (in utero exposure), 2) childhood parental smoking, and 3) years lived with smokers since age 18. Incident RA and serostatus were determined by medical record review. Using the marginal structural model framework, we estimated the controlled direct effect of each passive smoking exposure on adult incident RA risk by serologic phenotype, controlling for early-life factors and time-updated adulthood factors including personal smoking. RESULTS Among 90,923 women, we identified 532 incident RA cases (66% seropositive) during a median of 27.7 years of follow-up. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with RA after adjustment for confounders, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03-1.52), but not after accounting for subsequent smoking exposures. Childhood parental smoking was associated with seropositive RA after adjustment for confounders (HR 1.41 [95% CI 1.08-1.83]). In the controlled direct effect analyses, childhood parental smoking was associated with seropositive RA (HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.03-2.98]) after controlling for adulthood personal smoking, and the association was accentuated among ever smokers (HR 2.18 [95% CI 1.23-3.88]). There was no significant association of adulthood passive smoking with RA (HR 1.30 for ≥20 years of living with a smoker versus none [95% CI 0.97-1.74]). CONCLUSION We found a potential direct influence of childhood parental smoking on adult-onset incident seropositive RA even after controlling for adulthood personal smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nathalie Marchand
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bing Lu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Karen H Costenbader
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth W Karlson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang Q. Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home and Psychological Distress among College Students in China: The Role of Parental Attachment. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:167-176. [PMID: 34308778 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1953641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the link between home SHS exposure and psychological distress among college students in China. Between July and September of 2020, 18-25-year-old students in three Chinese universities were invited to complete an online survey. Data from 872 respondents (mean age = 20.28) were analyzed. Psychological distress was assessed by the 10-item Kessler Scale. Home SHS exposure was assessed by the presence of smoking household members, hours of exposure, and exposure to the number of cigarettes smoked. Maternal and paternal attachment were assessed by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Pairwise comparisons of sample characteristics were performed across never-smokers, triers (smoked one or two puffs), and smokers. Generalized linear regression models were constructed to assess the association. More smokers were exposed to home SHS or engaged in ever alcohol and other drug use than never-smokers. In never-smokers, exposure for <1 h/day or ≥3 h/day, or to 6-10 cigarettes/day was associated with increased psychological distress, but they were nullified after adjusting for parental attachment. In smokers, exposure to 6-10 cigarettes/day was associated with decreased psychological distress even after adjusting for parental attachment. Home SHS exposure is a risk factor for psychological wellbeing in never-smokers, the association with smokers warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Huangpu, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rapp JL, Alpert N, Flores RM, Taioli E. Serum cotinine levels and nicotine addiction potential of e-cigarettes: an NHANES analysis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1454-1459. [PMID: 32052011 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare serum cotinine levels in e-cigarette and combustible cigarette smokers, in an attempt to quantify the potential chronic nicotine addiction risk that e-cigarettes pose. We analyzed 428 participants in 2015-2016 NHANES: 379 (87.03%) smoked combustible cigarettes alone and 49 (12.97%) smoked e-cigarettes. Serum cotinine levels were measured by isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometric method with a detection limit of 0.015 ng/ml. Electronic cigarette smokers were younger than combustible cigarette smokers (mean age 36.79 versus 42.69 years, P = 0.03), more likely to be male (64.93% versus 48.32%, P = 0.09) and significantly less likely to live with other smokers (50.17% versus 90.07%, P < 0.01). Serum cotinine levels increased linearly with self-reported days of smoking in both electronic cigarette and combustible cigarette smokers, after accounting for living with a smoker. The analysis of the subgroup who reported daily use show non-statistically significantly higher serum cotinine levels in electronic cigarette smokers versus combustible cigarette smokers (β adj = 52.50, P = 0.10). This analysis of recent US data demonstrates that electronic cigarettes expose users to nicotine levels proportionate to, and potentially higher than combustible cigarettes, and thus pose a serious risk of chronic nicotine addiction. This could be particularly relevant in otherwise tobacco naive individuals; future risk of tobacco-related dependence, addiction and relapse, as well as of tobacco-related cancers in these subjects needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Rapp
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Alpert
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raja M Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tobacco Use Status and Temptation to Try E-Cigarettes among a Sample of Appalachian Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136755. [PMID: 34201718 PMCID: PMC8267625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarettes are commonly used tobacco products among youth populations, including Appalachian youth. However, knowledge of the extent to which tobacco use status relates to temptation to try e-cigarettes is limited. Data from the Youth Appalachian Tobacco Study (n = 1047) were used. Temptation to try e-cigarettes was derived from a 12-item situational inventory. Tobacco use status was defined as never, ever non-e-cigarette, and ever e-cigarette use. A factorial ANOVA was used to estimate the adjusted association between tobacco use status and the e-cigarette use temptation scale. Two-way interaction terms between tobacco use status and gender, and tobacco use status and race/ethnicity, were plotted to depict effect modification. Approximately 10% of youth were ever non-e-cigarette users and 24% were ever e-cigarette users. Never and ever non-e-cigarette user middle schoolers had higher temptation to try e-cigarettes than their high school counterparts. The same relationship was found among never and ever e-cigarette users living in households with tobacco users. The ANOVA results suggest a positive, monotonic relationship between tobacco use status and temptation to try e-cigarettes, and that the adjusted group means differ by gender and race/ethnicity. The findings can inform tobacco prevention interventions for youth at higher risk for e-cigarette use, especially youth who have not yet tried e-cigarettes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Rissanen I, Paananen M, Harju T, Miettunen J, Oura P. Maternal smoking trajectory during pregnancy predicts offspring's smoking and substance use - The Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101467. [PMID: 34194967 PMCID: PMC8237583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to characterize the association of maternal smoking trajectory during pregnancy with offspring's smoking, alcohol and substance use behavior. We used the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study including 11,653 mothers and their offspring followed up from mothers' mid-pregnancy to age of 46 years. Main exposure was number of smoked cigarettes per day at each month of pregnancy. Outcome measures were offspring's smoking, alcohol and drug use at age 14, starting age of smoking, ever-smoking, and smoked pack-years until age 46. Four maternal smoking trajectories during pregnancy were identified with latent class trajectory modelling, namely "non-smokers" (86.0% of mothers), "early quitters" (2.0%), "late quitters" (2.1%), and "consistent smokers" (9.9%). In comparison to non-smokers, all maternal smoking was associated with offspring's increased odds of lifetime smoking adjusted for sex of the child, father's smoking, occupational status and place of residence of family, marital status and mood of mother, and desirability of pregnancy. The consistent smoker's class was associated with offspring's number of smoked pack years by midlife (median [interquartile range]: 8.3 [1.4-17.4] vs. 4.8 [0.0-13.0], p = 0.028), and alcohol use in young age (odds ratio 1.23 [95% confidence interval 1.05-1.43]). Overall, to prevent parent-offspring transmission of smoking, the cessation support should target women planning pregnancy. Negative effects of maternal continuous smoking during pregnancy include all substance use and reach up to offspring's middle age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rissanen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Paananen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terttu Harju
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Duko B, Pereira G, Betts K, Tait RJ, Newnham J, Alati R. Prenatal exposure to maternal, but not paternal, tobacco smoking is associated with smoking in adolescence. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106871. [PMID: 33609811 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting epidemiological evidence suggests an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and an increased risk of tobacco smoking in offspring. However, it is uncertain whether the association is due to the intrauterine or shared environmental exposures. METHODS Study participants were from the Raine Study, a prospective birth cohort study based in Perth, Western Australia (N = 2730). Tobacco smoking in adolescents, at age 17 years, was measured using a self-reported questionnaire. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. We have also calculated the E-values to investigate the potential effect of unmeasured confounding. Paternal smoking during pregnancy was used as a negative control for comparison. RESULTS A total of 1210 mothers-offspring pairs were included in the final analysis. After controlling for potential confounders, we found increased risks of tobacco smoking in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use during the first trimester [RR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13-1.97)] (E-value for point estimate = 2.37) and during both trimesters of pregnancy [RR 1.41 (95% CI: 1.03-1.89)] (E-value for point estimate = 2.17). However, we found insufficient statistical evidence for an association between paternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of tobacco smoking in offspring [RR 1.18 (95% CI: 0.84-1.67)]. CONCLUSION Maternal prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with an increased risk of tobacco smoking in offspring at the age of 17 years. Tobacco smoking cessation at the early stages of gestation may reduce the risk of tobacco smoking in the next generation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Coreas SI, Rodriquez EJ, Rahman SG, El-Toukhy S, Compton WM, Blanco C, Kimmel HL, Pérez-Stable EJ. Smoking Susceptibility and Tobacco Media Engagement Among Youth Never Smokers. Pediatrics 2021; 147:e2020017921. [PMID: 33941582 PMCID: PMC8331193 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-017921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to future smoking among youth never smokers has not changed in the past 20 years, although experimental cigarette smoking has decreased. We assessed how smoking susceptibility and tobacco industry-related marketing influenced smoking initiation. METHODS Four waves (2013-2018) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study data were analyzed among youth aged 12 to 17 years at wave 1 who completed wave 4. Susceptibility was assessed by 4 items (openness to curiosity, try soon, try in the next year, and if your best friend offered) and categorized into 4 levels (0 = definitely no to all; 1 = yes to 1; 2 = yes to 2; and 3 + 4 = yes to 3 or 4 susceptibility items). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated how susceptibility levels, electronic cigarette use, and tobacco-related media activity predicted future experimental (≥1 puff), current (past 30 days), or established (≥100 cigarettes) smoking. RESULTS Among 8899 never smokers at wave 1, 16.4% became experimental smokers, 7.6% current smokers, and 1.8% established smokers at wave 4. Black and Latino/a youth were less likely to experiment. Youth who endorsed 3 or 4 susceptibility items at wave 1 were more likely to be experimental (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.0; confidence interval [CI] = 4.8-7.4), current (aOR = 4.2; CI = 3.2-5.4), or established (aOR = 4.4; CI = 2.4-7.9) smokers at wave 4. Exposure to tobacco marketing, using tobacco-related apps, seeing social media content posted about tobacco, and ever use of electronic cigarettes also predicted experimental smoking. CONCLUSIONS Smoking susceptibility and exposure to tobacco industry-related marketing were predictive of cigarette smoking. Clinicians should consider screening adolescents for smoking susceptibility and tobacco-related media exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saida I Coreas
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Erik J Rodriquez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Sana G Rahman
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and
| | - Sherine El-Toukhy
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, and
| | - Wilson M Compton
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather L Kimmel
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bradshaw M, Kent BV, Davidson JC, De Leon S. Parents, Peers, and Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking: A Group-Based Approach. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2021; 53:676-694. [PMID: 34393284 PMCID: PMC8356133 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x19862450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the independent, relative, and additive associations between both parent and peer role models and longitudinal patterns of smoking across adolescence and early adulthood. An analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N=10,166) reveals at least four distinct trajectories of smoking across ages 13-35: (1) non-smokers; (2) late peak (almost 10 cigarettes per day around age 30); (3) an early peak group that reached roughly 10 cigarettes per day around age 20 and declined; and (4) a high group that increased during adolescence and early adulthood and then remained high. Parent and peer smoking behaviors were associated with trajectory group membership net of controls for sociodemographic characteristics, parental SES, parent-child relations, and the availability of cigarettes in the family home. Parents and peers appear to have at least some independent associations net of each other, but their combined effects are powerful.
Collapse
|
50
|
Jensen TM, Duke NN, Harris KM, Hotz VJ, Perreira KM. Like Parent, Like Child: Intergenerational Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors at Midlife. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:596-603. [PMID: 32753345 PMCID: PMC7854782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the prevalence of four cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes, excessive alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking) for parents and their adult children at the same approximate midlife age. We also evaluated associations of parents' cardiovascular risk factors, childhood health exposures, and social contexts (i.e., family, school, and neighborhood) during adolescence with adult children's cardiovascular health at midlife. METHODS We used data from respondents at Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health who had corresponding parent (mostly mothers) data from Wave I. The final sample included 10,466 adult children with a mean age of 37.8 years. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were estimated, accounting for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health sampling design. RESULTS At similar ages (i.e., 35-45 years) to their parents, adult children had higher rates of excessive drinking and obesity than their parents, lower rates of diabetes, and similar rates of smoking. Adult children's health largely converged and correlated with their parents' health at similar ages. Cardiovascular risks for adult children were also significantly associated with their childhood health exposures and social contexts during adolescence. Some associations varied with respect to the health status of parents at Wave I. CONCLUSIONS The cardiovascular risk of parents at midlife is strongly associated with the cardiovascular risk of their adult children at midlife. The status of parents' health during adolescence can also modify the significance and magnitude of associations between childhood health exposures or adolescent social contexts and adult children's cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Jensen
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Naomi N Duke
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology & Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - V Joseph Hotz
- Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|