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Sun YP, Qiang HS, Lei SY, Zheng XY, Zhang HX, Su YY, Zheng ZZ, Zhang J, Lin XZ, Zhou YL. Epidemiological features, risk factors and disease burden of respiratory viruses among hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Xiamen, China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:537-542. [PMID: 35768274 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Well-established surveillance and monitoring system for respiratory viruses need be improved and epidemiological data about respiratory viruses is scarce in China. This study aimed to investigate epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses among hospitalized children ≤ 2 years old with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Xiamen, China from October 2014 to September 2017. The clinical records of 7248 children hospitalized for ARTIs were analyzed retrospectively. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (22.3%) was the most common virus among hospitalized children ≤ 2 years old, followed by parainfluenza (5.0%), adenovirus (3.5%) and influenza (1.7%). RSV-infected children possessed a higher disease burden including higher ICU admission rate (12.7%) and hospital charges ($635.36). Especially, infants < 6 months of age had the highest risk of RSV infection (OR= 2.4, 95% CI: 1.9-2.9) and higher ICU admission rate (12.1% vs. 4.5%, 4.6%) and hospital costs ($923.3 vs. $785.5, $811.7) than other age groups. Therefore, infants aged 0-6 months, especially premature infants and children with congenital diseases, should receive more concern. There is an urgent need to develop effective immunization strategies to protect these infants through the first 6 months of life or RSV season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Si-Yu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zheng
- Department of Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Ying-Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Zi-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Lin
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
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Sun YP, Zheng XY, Zhang HX, Zhou XM, Lin XZ, Zheng ZZ, Zhang J, Su YY, Zhou YL. Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens Among Children Hospitalized for Pneumonia in Xiamen: A Retrospective Study. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:1567-1578. [PMID: 34146254 PMCID: PMC8214060 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the etiology of common respiratory pathogens in children < 2 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia in Xiamen from 2014 to 2017. METHODS The medical records of 5581 children with pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. Direct immunofluorescent test was used for respiratory virus testing. Bacteria were detected by conventional culture method. The results of pathogen detection at admission were analyzed as well as the clinical outcomes of children. RESULTS The burden of hospitalized children with pneumonia was highest among infants < 6 months old (58.2%). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common respiratory virus (26.0%) followed by parainfluenza (4.8%) and adenovirus (3.2%). Haemophilus influenzae was the most common bacteria detected (16.6%) followed by Moraxella catarrhalis (13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.3%), Escherichia coli (5.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.8%). Notably, RSV and K. pneumoniae were detected more frequently in severe pneumonia (35.0% and 10.9%) versus mild pneumonia (25.6% and 4.6%), with higher rates of ICU admissions, longer hospital stays and higher hospital costs compared to those infected with other respiratory pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Among children < 2 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia in Xiamen, RSV was the most common respiratory virus, while H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae remained the predominant bacterial pathogens detected. Considering the low implementation rate of vaccines against pneumococcal and Hib pneumonia in China, there is an urgent need to increase both vaccination rates to reduce pneumococcal and Hib disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002 Fujian China
| | - Xin-Yi Zheng
- Department of Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Xiao-Man Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Xin-Zhu Lin
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Zi-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002 Fujian China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002 Fujian China
| | - Ying-Ying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002 Fujian China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
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Yu B, Dong J, Wang C, Wang Z, Gao L, Zhang H, Wu J, Kong W, Yu X. Trimeric knob protein specifically distinguishes neutralizing antibodies to different human adenovirus species: potential application for adenovirus seroepidemiology. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1564-1573. [PMID: 24764358 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.064832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are non-enveloped DNA viruses that have been extensively studied and used as vectors for gene therapy and several potential vaccines. There are 57 Ad serotypes in seven species (A-G), and Ad neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres can vary by serotype and geographical location. Until now serotype- and species-specific antibodies have been detected by neutralization or haemagglutination inhibition assays. These expensive and cumbersome methods of adenovirus typing have mainly been used in epidemiological studies. Our prior work demonstrated that NAbs against the fiber protein are commonly generated during natural Ad infection in humans and the trimeric knob is preferentially recognized by fiber-induced NAbs. In this study, we expressed nine trimeric knob proteins from representative Ad serotypes of human Ad (HAdV)-A-F in Escherichia coli and found no cross-reactivity of these recombinant proteins with rabbit hyperimmune sera (among HAdV-A-F or within HAdV-C). Results of the ELISA based on Ad2 and Ad5 (both HAdV-C) knob proteins were consistent with those of neutralization assays, indicating that the trimeric knob protein would be a good candidate antigen for detecting Ad serotype-specific NAbs in sera from naturally infected subjects. We also demonstrated the primary seroepidemiology of nine Ad serotypes in 274 children using the knob-based ELISA. These results have potential implications for epidemiology of Ad serotypes and future development of Ad-based vaccines and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jianing Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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The prevalence of IgG and IgA against adenoviruses in serum of children aged 11-26 months, hospitalised in the Clinical Paediatric Hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:91-5. [PMID: 26155106 PMCID: PMC4439974 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.42131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are widely spread viruses causing infections related mainly to children. Contact with the pathogen may result in the presence of either immunoglobulin (Ig) A or IgG antibodies in the serum. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies against adenoviruses in serum of children aged 11-27 months, hospitalised at the Public Children's Clinical Hospital in Warsaw. Immunoassay tests DRG Adenovirus IgA ELISA and IgG DRG Adenovirus ELISA detecting antibodies against all pathogenic serotypes of adenoviruses were performed in 128 sera samples. A low percentage of positive results for both immunoglobulins, 17 cases (13.28%) for IgA and 16 cases (12.50%) for IgG antibodies respectively were reported. We conclude, that the prevalence of antibodies against adenoviruses does not coincide with epidemiological data on the spread of infections among young children. The assays performed may be more useful in distinguishing the active form of the infection from seropositivity due to prior infection.
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Bauer U, Flunker G, Bruss K, Kallwellis K, Liebermann H, Luettich T, Motz M, Seidel W. Detection of antibodies against adenovirus protein IX, fiber, and hexon in human sera by immunoblot assay. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:4426-33. [PMID: 16145087 PMCID: PMC1234141 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.9.4426-4433.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 51 serotypes of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) of the genus Mastadenovirus are classified into the six species HAdV-A to HAdV-F. For the detection of genus- and species-specific antibodies in human sera an immunoblot assay was developed. The recombinant long fiber of HAdV-41[F] (Ad41Fi) and the native hexon of HAdV-5[C] were used as genus-specific antigens. The recombinant capsid protein IX (pIX) of HAdV-2 (Ad2pIX[C]) and HAdV-41 (Ad41pIX[F]), the C-terminal pIX part of HAdV-3 (Ad3pIXC[B]), and the fiber knob of HAdV-8 (Ad8FiKn[D]) were evaluated as representative species-specific antigens. Hence, the pIX amino acid sequences of numerous serotypes of all HAdV species were compared, and the cross-reactivities of pIX antigens with rabbit hyperimmune sera among HAdV-A to -F were analyzed. In an epidemiological study, 667 human patient sera, not selected for viral infection, were screened for adenovirus seroprevalence. The genus-specific antibody prevalences directed against the Ad41Fi and HAdV-5 hexon were 82.8 and 98.8%, respectively. The species-specific antibody prevalence of 44.7% against Ad2pIX[C], 36.6% against Ad41pIX[F], 26.4% against Ad8FiKn[D], and 18% against Ad3pIXC[B] showed an age-dependent distribution and correlated well with the frequency of isolated serotypes of the respective species in earlier studies (except HAdV-D). In conclusion, the immunoblot assay using pIX, fiber, and hexon antigens represents a valuable and new serological tool for refined adenovirus diagnosis as shown in an epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bauer
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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de Paiva TM, Ishida MA, Hanashiro KA, Scolaro RM, Gonçalves MG, Benega MA, Oliveira MA, Cruz AS, Takimoto S. Outbreak of influenza type A (H1N1) in Iporanga, São Paulo State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2001; 43:311-5. [PMID: 11781599 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652001000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From June to July 1999 an outbreak of acute respiratory illness occurred in the town of Iporanga. Out of a total of 4,837 inhabitants, 324 cases were notified to the Regional Surveillance Service. Influenza virus was isolated from 57.1% of the collected samples and 100% seroconversion to influenza A (H1N1) was obtained in 20 paired sera tested. The isolates were related to the A/Bayern/07/95 strain (H1N1). The percentages of cases notified during the outbreak were 28.4%, 29.0%, 20.7%, 6.2% and 15.7% in the age groups of 0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19 and older than 20 years, respectively. The highest proportion of positives was observed among children younger than 14 years and no cases were notified in people older than 65 years, none of whom had been recently vaccinated against influenza. These findings suggest a significant vaccine protection against A/Bayern/7/95, the H1 component included in the 1997-98 influenza vaccine for elderly people. This viral strain is antigenically and genetically related to A/Beijing/262/95, the H1 component of the 1999 vaccine. Vaccines containing A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1) stimulated post-immunization hemagglutination inhibition antibodies equivalent in frequency and titre to both A/Beijing/262/95-like and A/Bayern/7/95-like viruses. Thus, this investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of vaccination against influenza virus in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M de Paiva
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Serviço de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, 01246-902, Brasil.
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Kuriyama S, Tominaga K, Mitoro A, Tsujinoue H, Nakatani T, Yamazaki M, Nagao S, Toyokawa Y, Okamoto S, Fukui H. Immunomodulation with FK506 around the time of intravenous re-administration of an adenoviral vector facilitates gene transfer into primed rat liver. Int J Cancer 2000; 85:839-44. [PMID: 10709105 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000315)85:6<839::aid-ijc17>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although adenoviruses are an attractive vehicle for gene transfer into tissues including various tumors, in vivo adenoviral administration elicits a neutralizing antibody response which eliminates or substantially reduces the efficacy of subsequent treatments. Transiently immunosuppressive strategies at the time of initial adenoviral exposure have shown to prevent the formation of neutralizing antibodies and permit the successful adenoviral readministration in animals. Initial treatment in humans may, however, correspond to adenoviral readministration into animals, because the exposure to wild-type adenoviruses is common in humans. In the present study, we infused Adex1CAlacZ adenoviruses carrying the lacZ gene into the tail vein of rats, and examined whether a transient treatment with the immunosuppressant FK506 around the time of i.v. readministration of adenoviruses could induce the re-expression of the lacZ gene in animals primed with adenoviruses. Although i.v. infusion of adenoviruses carrying the lacZ gene resulted in transiently high levels of transgene expression in rat liver, i.v. reinfusion of adenoviruses failed to induce detectable levels of transgene expression. Conversely, when animals were treated transiently with FK506 around the time of adenoviral reinfusion, development of neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cell proliferation in response to adenoviral reinfusion were significantly suppressed, and re-expression of the transgene was achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuriyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Kuriyama S, Tominaga K, Kikukawa M, Tsujimoto T, Nakatani T, Tsujinoue H, Okuda H, Nagao S, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H, Fukui H. Transient cyclophosphamide treatment before intraportal readministration of an adenoviral vector can induce re-expression of the original gene construct in rat liver. Gene Ther 1999; 6:749-57. [PMID: 10505097 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although adenovirus is an attractive vehicle for transferring therapeutic genes in vivo, animal studies have indicated that the clinical usefulness of adenoviruses may be limited by their immunogenicity. Although immunosuppressive strategies around the time of initial exposure of adenoviruses have been shown to prevent the formation of neutralizing antibodies and permit the successful readministration of adenoviruses in animals, the practicality of the approaches remains questionable. Because the majority of prospective gene therapy patients have already been infected with wild-type adenoviruses, initial treatment with adenoviruses in humans may correspond to readministration of adenoviruses into animals. It is shown here that although intraportal infusion of adenoviruses carrying a reporter lacZ gene resulted in transient high levels of transgene expression in the rat liver, intraportal readministration of adenoviruses failed to induce detectable levels of transgene expression. Conversely, when animals were treated transiently with cyclophosphamide before the intraportal readministration of adenoviruses, development of neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific T cell proliferation in response to adenoviral readministration was significantly suppressed and successful re-expression of the transgene was achievable. These results may have important implications for efficacy considerations when adenoviral vectors are employed in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuriyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
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Ji L, Bouvet M, Price RE, Roth JA, Fang B. Reduced toxicity, attenuated immunogenicity and efficient mediation of human p53 gene expression in vivo by an adenovirus vector with deleted E1-E3 and inactivated E4 by GAL4-TATA promoter replacement. Gene Ther 1999; 6:393-402. [PMID: 10435089 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant adenovirus with deleted E1 and E3, and E4-inactivated by replacing the E4 promoter with a synthetic promoter composed of a minimal TATA box and five consensus yeast GAL4-binding site elements was developed and used to express the human tumor suppresser gene p53. The toxicity and immunogenicity of this vector and vector-mediated p53 gene expression in vivo were studied in immunocompetent C3H and C57BL/6 mice. Expression of the late viral gene product, hexon protein, was observed in C3H and C57BL/6 mice injected with E4 wild-type adenovirus constructs Adv-cmv-beta-Gal (BG), Adv-cmv-hp53 (WT), and empty E1- vector Adv-E4 (EW) 3 to 28 days after injection, but was undetectable in mice treated with E4 modified empty E1- vector Adv-GAL4 (EG) or Adv-cmv-hp53-GAL4 (G4). Expression of the p53 gene was observed in both WT- and G4-injected C3H and C57BL/6 mouse livers from days 3 to 28. Ten weeks after injection, p53 gene expression was still detected in G4-treated C57BL/6 mice at similar levels, but was not detectable in WT-treated mice. Vector-induced liver toxicity was evaluated by analyzing serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) activities. In all cases, SGOT and SGPT activities were markedly decreased in EG-treated C3H and C57BL/6 mice compared with those in EW-treated mice on days 3, 7 and 14 after injection. In C57BL/6 mice, the total anti-adenoviral CTL activities were two- to three-fold higher in animals treated with EW vector than in those treated with EG vector. These results suggest that inactivation of the E4 promoter efficiently diminished the viral replication and the late viral gene expression, reduced host immune response and consequently reduced toxicity and prolonged the duration of transgene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ji
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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