1
|
Chen Z, Chen C, Xiao L, Tu R, Yu M, Wang D, Kang W, Han M, Huang H, Liu H, Zhao B, Qing G. HILPS, a long noncoding RNA essential for global oxygen sensing in humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1867. [PMID: 37992175 PMCID: PMC10664984 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) is a universal biological feature across metazoans. However, the unique mechanisms how different species sense oxygen deprivation remain unresolved. Here, we functionally characterize a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), LOC105369301, which we termed hypoxia-induced lncRNA for polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) stabilization (HILPS). HILPS exhibits appreciable basal expression exclusively in a wide variety of human normal and cancer cells and is robustly induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). HILPS binds to PLK1 and sequesters it from proteasomal degradation. Stabilized PLK1 directly phosphorylates HIF1α and enhances its stability, constituting a positive feed-forward circuit that reinforces oxygen sensing by HIF1α. HILPS depletion triggers catastrophic adaptation defect during hypoxia in both normal and cancer cells. These findings introduce a mechanism that underlies the HIF1α identity deeply interconnected with PLK1 integrity and identify the HILPS-PLK1-HIF1α pathway as a unique oxygen-sensing axis in the regulation of human physiological and pathogenic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rongfu Tu
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenqian Kang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Meng Han
- Protein Chemistry and Proteomics Facility, Tsinghua University Technology Center for Protein Research, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Komune N, Sato K, Ono M, Imaizumi A, Masuda S, Itoyama S, Manako T, Kuga R, Hongo T, Kogo R, Onishi H, Nakagawa T. Biological and genetic characterization of a newly established human external auditory canal carcinoma cell line, SCEACono2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19636. [PMID: 37949965 PMCID: PMC10638439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal (EACSCC) is an extraordinarily rare and aggressive malignant disease. Establishment of EACSCC cell line with robust molecular characteristics is essential for the basic and translational research of EACSCC. Here, we show the newly established EACSCC cell line SCEACono2, derived from a patient with well-to-moderately differentiated EACSCC. We analyzed histologic and genetic features of SCEACono2 hiring multiple experiments, including next-generation sequencing (NGS). Immunocytochemical staining of SCEACono2 showed positivity of p53 and SCC1/2. Furthermore, SCEACono2 exhibited a unique characteristic that cytokeratin, vimentin as well as cancer stem cell markers (CD44, CD133, ALP and Oct3/4) were positive. SCEACono2 had an ability to form tumors at the temporal lesion xenograft nude mice model. NGS revealed that SCEACono2 harbored the somatic mutations of TP53 (p.G245S) and NOTCH1 (p.A465T). RNA-seq and downstream bioinformatics analysis revealed significant enrichment of genes involved in inflammation and cell adhesion in SCEACono2 compared to SCC-9 and HSC-4. STR profiling indicated no evidence of cross-contamination. In conclusion, SCEACono2 could serves as a promising and robust research resource of EACSCC in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Itoyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Manako
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Kogo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ohkura N, Nam HK, Liu F, Hatch N. Cranial Neural Crest Specific Deletion of Alpl (TNAP) via P0-Cre Causes Abnormal Chondrocyte Maturation and Deficient Cranial Base Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15401. [PMID: 37895082 PMCID: PMC10607232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone growth plate abnormalities and skull shape defects are seen in hypophosphatasia, a heritable disorder in humans that occurs due to the deficiency of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP, Alpl) enzyme activity. The abnormal development of the cranial base growth plates (synchondroses) and abnormal skull shapes have also been demonstrated in global Alpl-/- mice. To distinguish local vs. systemic effects of TNAP on skull development, we utilized P0-Cre to knockout Alpl only in cranial neural crest-derived tissues using Alpl flox mice. Here, we show that Alpl deficiency using P0-Cre in cranial neural crest leads to skull shape defects and the deficient growth of the intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS). ISS chondrocyte abnormalities included increased proliferation in resting and proliferative zones with decreased apoptosis in hypertrophic zones. ColX expression was increased, which is indicative of premature differentiation in the absence of Alpl. Sox9 expression was increased in both the resting and prehypertrophic zones of mutant mice. The expression of Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) and Indian hedgehog homolog (IHH) were also increased. Finally, cranial base organ culture revealed that inorganic phosphate (Pi) and pyrophosphate (PPi) have specific effects on cell signaling and phenotype changes in the ISS. Together, these results demonstrate that the TNAP expression downstream of Alpl in growth plate chondrocytes is essential for normal development, and that the mechanism likely involves Sox9, PTHrP, IHH and PPi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ohkura
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.O.); (H.K.N.)
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hwa Kyung Nam
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.O.); (H.K.N.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Nan Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (N.O.); (H.K.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Timilsina S, McCandliss KF, Trivedi E, Villa-Diaz LG. Enhanced Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Somatic Cell Reprogramming Using Defined and Xeno-Free Culture Conditions. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:999. [PMID: 37760101 PMCID: PMC10525589 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have an unprecedented opportunity to revolutionize the fields of developmental biology as well as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their applications have been significantly limited by the lack of chemically defined and xeno-free culture conditions. The demand for the high-quality and scaled-up production of cells for use in both research and clinical studies underscores the need to develop tools that will simplify the in vitro culture process while reducing the variables. Here, we describe a systematic study to identify the optimal conditions for the initial cell attachment of hPSC to tissue culture dishes grafted with polymers of N-(3-Sulfopropyl)-N-Methacryloxyethyl-N, N-Dimethylammoniun Betaine (PMEDSAH) in combination with chemically defined and xeno-free culture media. After testing multiple supplements and chemicals, we identified that pre-conditioning of PMEDSAH grafted plates with 10% human serum (HS) supported the initial cell attachment, which allowed for the long-term culture and maintenance of hPSC compared to cells cultured on Matrigel-coated plates. Using this culture condition, a 2.1-fold increase in the expansion of hPSC was observed without chromosomal abnormalities. Furthermore, this culture condition supported a higher reprogramming efficiency (0.37% vs. 0.22%; p < 0.0068) of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells compared to the non-defined culture conditions. This defined and xeno-free hPSC culture condition may be used in obtaining the large populations of hPSC and patient-derived iPSC required for many applications in regenerative and translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Timilsina
- Department of Biomarkers and Investigative Pathology Unit (BIPU), Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, MI 49071, USA;
| | | | - Evan Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Luis G. Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan K, Wilkinson MF. Regulation of both transcription and RNA turnover contribute to germline specification. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7310-7325. [PMID: 35776114 PMCID: PMC9303369 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuanced mechanisms driving primordial germ cells (PGC) specification remain incompletely understood since genome-wide transcriptional regulation in developing PGCs has previously only been defined indirectly. Here, using SLAMseq analysis, we determined genome-wide transcription rates during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to form epiblast-like (EpiLC) cells and ultimately PGC-like cells (PGCLCs). This revealed thousands of genes undergoing bursts of transcriptional induction and rapid shut-off not detectable by RNAseq analysis. Our SLAMseq datasets also allowed us to infer RNA turnover rates, which revealed thousands of mRNAs stabilized and destabilized during PGCLC specification. mRNAs tend to be unstable in ESCs and then are progressively stabilized as they differentiate. For some classes of genes, mRNA turnover regulation collaborates with transcriptional regulation, but these processes oppose each other in a surprisingly high frequency of genes. To test whether regulated mRNA turnover has a physiological role in PGC development, we examined three genes that we found were regulated by RNA turnover: Sox2, Klf2 and Ccne1. Circumvention of their regulated RNA turnover severely impaired the ESC-to-EpiLC and EpiLC-to-PGCLC transitions. Our study demonstrates the functional importance of regulated RNA stability in germline development and provides a roadmap of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation during germline specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beth Payne L, Tewari BP, Dunkenberger L, Bond S, Savelli A, Darden J, Zhao H, Willi C, Kanodia R, Gude R, Powell MD, Oestreich KJ, Sontheimer H, Dal-Pra S, Chappell JC. Pericyte Progenitor Coupling to the Emerging Endothelium During Vasculogenesis via Connexin 43. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e96-e114. [PMID: 35139658 PMCID: PMC8957572 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular pericytes stabilize blood vessels and contribute to their maturation, while playing other key roles in microvascular function. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about involvement of their precursors in the earliest stages of vascular development, specifically during vasculogenesis. METHODS We combined high-power, time-lapse imaging with transcriptional profiling of emerging pericytes and endothelial cells in reporter mouse and cell lines. We also analyzed conditional transgenic animals deficient in Cx43/Gja1 (connexin 43/gap junction alpha-1) expression within Ng2+ cells. RESULTS A subset of Ng2-DsRed+ cells, likely pericyte/mural cell precursors, arose alongside endothelial cell differentiation and organization and physically engaged vasculogenic endothelium in vivo and in vitro. We found no overlap between this population of differentiating pericyte/mural progenitors and other lineages including hemangiogenic and neuronal/glial cell types. We also observed cell-cell coupling and identified Cx43-based gap junctions contributing to pericyte-endothelial cell precursor communication during vascular assembly. Genetic loss of Cx43/Gja1 in Ng2+ pericyte progenitors compromised embryonic blood vessel formation in a subset of animals, while surviving mutants displayed little-to-no vessel abnormalities, suggesting a resilience to Cx43/Gja1 loss in Ng2+ cells or potential compensation by additional connexin isoforms. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest that a distinct pericyte lineage emerges alongside vasculogenesis and directly communicates with the nascent endothelium via Cx43 during early vessel formation. Cx43/Gja1 loss in pericyte/mural cell progenitors can induce embryonic vessel dysmorphogenesis, but alternate connexin isoforms may be able to compensate. These data provide insight that may reshape the current framework of vascular development and may also inform tissue revascularization/vascularization strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Bhanu P. Tewari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Logan Dunkenberger
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Samantha Bond
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Alyssa Savelli
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Caroline Willi
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Ronak Kanodia
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Rosalie Gude
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sophie Dal-Pra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John C. Chappell
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Enhanced Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood and Using Their Mesoderm Differentiation Ability to Regenerate Infarcted Myocardium. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4104622. [PMID: 35186091 PMCID: PMC8856835 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Тhe most pressing issue in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in clinical practice is the cell source. Compared to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), which have been widely used, human peripheral blood could be a more easily obtainable alternative. However, iPSCs generated from fresh peripheral blood require inconvenient specific methods including isolation. Recently, we succeeded in isolating and culturing human heart-derived circulating cells called circulating multipotent stem (CiMS) cells. Here, we investigated the generation efficiency of CiMS-derived iPSCs (CiMS-iPSCs) and tested their differentiation potential into mesodermal lineages and cardiovascular cells. We isolated and cultured CiMS cells from peripheral mononuclear cells with a high efficiency. Moreover, our method succeeded in reprogramming the CiMS cells and generating iPSCs with higher efficiency compared to when HDFs were used. Compared to HDF-iPSCs or human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), CiMS-iPSCs showed high differentiation potential into mesodermal lineage cells and subsequently into endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes. Further, we checked the epigenetic status of each cell type. While methylation of the CpG site of the brachyury T promoter did not differ between cell types, the histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation level in the brachyury T promoter region was enhanced in CiMS-iPSCs, compared to that in other cell types. In contrast, histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation was downregulated during the differentiation process of the CiMS-iPSCs. In the myocardial infarction model, the CiMS-iPSCs group showed more therapeutic potential in regenerating the myocardium than other cell types. Our study showed a new method to isolate human heart-derived stem cells from human peripheral blood and to generate iPSCs efficiently. Due to epigenetic memory, these CiMS-iPSCs easily differentiated into cardiovascular lineage cells, resulting in improved efficiency in vivo. These results suggest that our new method using CiMS cells has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine using cell therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hota J, Mahapatra PK. FGF2 and FGF10 expression patterns in the epidermis and mesenchyme during homeotic transformation of tail into hindlimbs in frog tadpoles. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151836. [PMID: 34968793 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limbs are trunk quintessential in tetrapods. Their development relies on the Retinoic acid (RA) gradient in association with the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs). The role of various FGFs have been probed extensively and confirmed during the induction of ectopic limbs in vertebrates. On such factual backdrops, we studied the expression patterns of FGF2 and FGF10 in the epidermis and mesenchyme by immunohistochemical localization in the regenerating tails of tadpoles of the Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus. These tadpoles are known to exhibit a kind of homeotic transformation of tail to limbs during regeneration, whose exact mechanism is still to be established by scientific investigations. Here in this study, we provide the first evidence of the putative involvement of FGF2 and FGF10 during such ectopic appendage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutshina Hota
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
| | - Pravati Kumari Mahapatra
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase, a Possible Mediator of Cell Maturation: Towards a New Paradigm. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123338. [PMID: 34943845 PMCID: PMC8699127 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein capable of providing inorganic phosphate by catalyzing the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters, or removing inorganic pyrophosphate that inhibits calcification. In humans, four forms of ALP cDNA have been cloned, among which tissue-nonspecific ALP (TNSALP) (TNSALP) is widely distributed in the liver, bone, and kidney, making it an important marker in clinical and basic research. Interestingly, TNSALP is highly expressed in juvenile cells, such as pluripotent stem cells (i.e., embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) and somatic stem cells (i.e., neuronal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). Hypophosphatasia is a genetic disorder causing defects in bone and tooth development as well as neurogenesis. Mutations in the gene coding for TNSALP are thought to be responsible for the abnormalities, suggesting the essential role of TNSALP in these events. Moreover, a reverse-genetics-based study using mice revealed that TNSALP is important in bone and tooth development as well as neurogenesis. However, little is known about the role of TNSALP in the maintenance and differentiation of juvenile cells. Recently, it was reported that cells enriched with TNSALP are more easily reprogrammed into iPSCs than those with less TNSALP. Furthermore, in bone marrow stem cells, ALP could function as a "signal regulator" deciding the fate of these cells. In this review, we summarize the properties of ALP and the background of ALP gene analysis and its manipulation, with a special focus on the potential role of TNSALP in the generation (and possibly maintenance) of juvenile cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Koyuncu Irmak D, Karaoz E. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2454:17-29. [PMID: 34724186 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed and become pluripotent called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) when they are induced by the stemness genes. The iPSCs have been representing a research and development platform for cell-based therapies, and even in gene editing technologies as they provide the ability to differentiate almost all cell types. The efficiency of the protocols for the iPSC development defines the success of the experiments' outcome. Here, we describe the optimized protocol for obtaining human iPSCs derived from mesenchymal stem cells of bone-marrow origin to shed a light on the hurdles in the research laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Koyuncu Irmak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering R&D Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering R&D Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,3D Bioprinting Design & Prototyping R&D Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Therapies Center (LivMedCell), Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
CHD8 safeguards early neuroectoderm differentiation in human ESCs and protects from apoptosis during neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:981. [PMID: 34686651 PMCID: PMC8536677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler CHD8, which belongs to the ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers CHD family, is one of the most high-risk mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders. However, the role of CHD8 in neural differentiation and the mechanism of CHD8 in autism remains unclear, despite there are a few studies based on the CHD8 haploinsufficient models. Here, we generate the CHD8 knockout human ESCs by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and characterize the effect of loss-of-function of CHD8 on pluripotency maintenance and lineage determination by utilizing efficient directed differentiation protocols. The results show loss-of-function of CHD8 does not affect human ESC maintenance although having slight effect on proliferation and cell cycle. Interestingly, CHD8 depletion results in defective neuroectoderm differentiation, along with severe cell death in neural progenitor stage. Transcriptome analysis also indicates CHD8 does not alter the expression of pluripotent genes in ESC stage, but in neural progenitor cells depletion of CHD8 induces the abnormal expression of the apoptosis genes and suppresses neuroectoderm-related genes. These results provide the evidence that CHD8 plays an essential role in the pluripotency exit and neuroectoderm differentiation as well as the regulation of apoptosis during neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu Q, Gao Y, Fan Z, Xiao X, Chen Y, Si Y, Kong D, Wang S, Liao M, Chen X, Wang X, Chu W. Amphiregulin promotes hair regeneration of skin-derived precursors via the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13106. [PMID: 34382262 PMCID: PMC8450126 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are significant clinical challenges associated with alopecia treatment, including poor efficiency of related drugs and insufficient hair follicles (HFs) for transplantation. Skin‐derived precursors (SKPs) exhibit great potential as stem cell‐based therapies for hair regeneration; however, the proliferation and hair‐inducing capacity of SKPs gradually decrease during culturing. Materials and Methods We describe a 3D co‐culture system accompanied by kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology enrichment analyses to determine the key factors and pathways that enhance SKP stemness and verified using alkaline phosphatase assays, Ki‐67 staining, HF reconstitution, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The upregulated genes were confirmed utilizing corresponding recombinant protein or small‐interfering RNA silencing in vitro, as well as the evaluation of telogen‐to‐anagen transition and HF reconstitution in vivo. Results The 3D co‐culture system revealed that epidermal stem cells and adipose‐derived stem cells enhanced SKP proliferation and HF regeneration capacity by amphiregulin (AREG), with the promoted stemness allowing SKPs to gain an earlier telogen‐to‐anagen transition and high‐efficiency HF reconstitution. By contrast, inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways downstream of AREG signalling resulted in diametrically opposite activities. Conclusions By exploiting a 3D co‐culture model, we determined that AREG promoted SKP stemness by enhancing both proliferation and hair‐inducing capacity through the PI3K and MAPK pathways. These findings suggest AREG therapy as a potentially promising approach for treating alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhimeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Center of Scientific Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Yonghe Medical Beauty Clinic Limited Company, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijian Liao
- School of basic medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baek SK, Jeon SB, Seo BG, Hwangbo C, Shin KC, Choi JW, An CS, Jeong MA, Kim TS, Lee JH. The Presence or Absence of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity to Discriminate Pluripotency Characteristics in Porcine Epiblast Stem Cell-Like Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:221-238. [PMID: 34227846 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs) would provide potentials for agricultural- and biotechnological-related applications. However, authentic pESCs have not been established yet because standards for porcine stem cell-specific markers and culture conditions are not clear. Therefore, the present study reports attempts to derive pluripotent epiblast stem cells either from in vitro or in vivo derived porcine embryos. Nine epiblast cell lines (seven lines from Berkshire and two lines from Duroc) could only be isolated from day 9- to 9.5-old in vivo derived early conceptuses. Pluripotency features were analyzed in relation to the presence or absence of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of several marker genes for pluripotency or epiblast was different between putative epiblast stem cells of the two groups [AP-positive (+) pEpiSC-like cell 2 line and AP-negative (-) pEpiSC-like cell 8 line]. For example, expressions of OCT-3/4, NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, FGF2, and NODAL in AP-negative (-) porcine epiblast stem cell (pEpiSC)-like cells were higher than those in AP-positive (+) pEpiSC-like cells. Expression of surface markers differed between the two groups to some extent. SSEA-1 was strongly expressed only in AP-negative (-) pEpiSC-like cells, whereas AP-positive (+) pEpiSC-like cells did not express. In addition, we report to have some differences in the in vitro differentiation capacity between AP-positive (+) and AP-negative (-) epiblast cell lines. Primary embryonic germ layer markers (cardiac actin, nestin, and GATA 6) and primordial germ cell markers (Dazl and Vasa) were strongly expressed in embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregated from AP-negative (-) pEpiSC-like cells, whereas EBs aggregated from AP-positive (+) pEpiSCs did not show expression of primary embryonic germ layers and primordial germ cell markers except GATA 6. These results indicate that pEpiSC-like cells display different pluripotency characteristics in relation to AP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gyeong Seo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Chul Shin
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Forest Environmental Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop An
- Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Experiment Station, Sancheong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Jeong
- Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Experiment Station, Sancheong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Riggs MJ, Sheridan SD, Rao RR. ARHGDIA Confers Selective Advantage to Dissociated Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:705-713. [PMID: 34036793 PMCID: PMC8309423 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have generated significant interest in the scientific community based on their potential applications in regenerative medicine. However, numerous research groups have reported a propensity for genomic alterations during hPSC culture that poses concerns for basic research and clinical applications. Work from our laboratory and others has demonstrated that amplification of chromosomal regions is correlated with increased gene expression. To date, the phenotypic association of common genomic alterations remains unclear and is a cause for concern during clinical use. In this study, we focus on trisomy 17 and a list of candidate genes with increased gene expression to hypothesize that overexpressing 17q25 located ARHGDIA will confer selective advantage to hPSCs. HPSC lines overexpressing ARHGDIA exhibited culture dominance in co-cultures of overexpression lines with nonoverexpression lines. Furthermore, during low-density seeding, we demonstrate increased clonality of our ARHGDIA lines against matched controls. A striking observation is that we could reduce this selective advantage by varying the hPSC culture conditions with the addition of ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi). This work is unique in (1) demonstrating a novel gene that confers selective advantage to hPSCs when overexpressed and may help explain a common trisomy dominance, (2) providing a selection model for studying culture conditions that reduce the appearance of genomically altered hPSCs, and (3) aiding in elucidation of a mechanism that may act as a molecular switch during culture adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Riggs
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sekino Y, Imaizumi A, Komune N, Ono M, Sato K, Masuda S, Fujimura A, Koike K, Hongo T, Uchi R, Onishi H, Nakagawa T. Establishment and characterization of a primary cell culture derived from external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34115931 PMCID: PMC8329851 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no human cancer cell lines of external auditory canal origin available for research use. This report describes the establishment of a culture condition for external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma, derived from human tumor tissue. Successive squamous cell carcinoma colonies were dissociated by trypsin, subcultured, and maintained on a feeder layer (MMC‐TIG‐1‐20), yielding a clonally proliferating cell culture. Two morphological types of colony were observed: (a) densely packed colonies and (b) colonies with indistinct boundaries characterized by cell–cell complexes with fibroblast feeder cells. The SCC‐like characteristics of these cells were evidenced by positivity for p53, SCCA1/2, cytokeratin, and vimentin, and cancer stem cell properties were indicated by positivity for CD44, CD133, Oct3/4, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). One of the unique properties of cell cultures is their tendency to form steric colonies in vitro on feeder layer cells. In addition, in the presence of fresh macrophages, the cells very slowly transform to break away from colonies as free cells, a process that resembles the epidermal–mesenchymal transition, whereby cell–cell interactions are weakened and migration activity is enhanced. These factors are purported to play a key role in cancer cell metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sekino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Imaizumi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Koike
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideya Onishi
- Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu L, Gao W, Bai S, Duan H, Pan X, Wu W. MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium: An effective method for in vitro culture of mouse dermal papilla cells with osteogenic differentiation potential. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:828. [PMID: 34149874 PMCID: PMC8200806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells are pluripotent and have a self-renewal capacity and multi-differentiation potential in vitro. As hair follicle stem cells can be easily sampled from the skin and hair of clinical patients at a considerable quantity, these cells have potential applications in wound repair and skin tissue engineering. Effective approaches for the in vitro culture and amplification of mouse hair follicle stem cells, as well as the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential and cell source when obtaining mouse-separated cells were examined. Serial subculture was performed in different culture systems. Cell source was detected based on the relevant surface markers derived from mouse hair follicles at the gene and protein levels, and the differential potential was determined. The proliferative ability of hair follicle-derived stem cells obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF)/keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSF)-conditioned medium was the highest among all culture systems. The induced group had a stronger osteogenic differentiation potential compared with the non-induced group, indicating that the cells obtained from MEF/KSF-conditioned medium were cells derived from the hair follicle dermal papilla. Therefore, the strong osteogenic differentiation potential of the hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells was screened with MEF/KSF-conditioned culture medium following amplification, and biological characteristics similar to those of hair follicle dermal papilla cells were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Huichuan Duan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth Peoples' Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shparberg R, Dewi CU, Gnanasambandapillai V, Liyanage L, O'Connor MD. Single cell RNA-sequencing data generated from human pluripotent stem cell-derived lens epithelial cells. Data Brief 2021; 34:106657. [PMID: 33521174 PMCID: PMC7820909 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed transcriptomic analyses of differentiated cell populations derived from human pluripotent stem cells is routinely used to assess the identity and utility of the differentiated cells. Here we provide single cell RNA-sequencing data obtained from ROR1-expressing lens epithelial cells (ROR1e LECs), obtained via directed differentiation of CA1 human embryonic stem cells. Analysis of the data using principal component analysis, heat maps and gene ontology assessments revealed phenotypes associated with lens epithelial cells. These data provide a resource for future characterisation of both normal and cataractous human lens biology. Corresponding morphological and functional data obtained from ROR1e LECs are reported in the associated research article "A simplified method for producing human lens epithelial cells and light-focusing micro-lenses from pluripotent stem cells " (Dewi et al., 2020).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shparberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Chitra Umala Dewi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Vikkitharan Gnanasambandapillai
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute, UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Liwan Liyanage
- School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Michael D. O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lim S, Shparberg RA, Coorssen JR, O’Connor MD. Application of the RBBP9 Serine Hydrolase Inhibitor, ML114, Decouples Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238983. [PMID: 33256189 PMCID: PMC7730578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 9 (RBBP9) is required for maintaining the expression of both pluripotency and cell cycle genes in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An siRNA-based study from our group showed it does so by influencing cell cycle progression through the RB/E2F pathway. In non-pluripotent cells, RBBP9 is also known to have serine hydrolase (SH) activity, acting on currently undefined target proteins. The role of RBBP9 SH activity in hPSCs, and during normal development, is currently unknown. To begin assessing whether RBBP9 SH activity might contribute to hPSC maintenance, hPSCs were treated with ML114—a selective chemical inhibitor of RBBP9 SH activity. Stem cells treated with ML114 showed significantly reduced population growth rate, colony size and progression through the cell cycle, with no observable change in cell morphology or decrease in pluripotency antigen expression—suggesting no initiation of hPSC differentiation. Consistent with this, hPSCs treated with ML114 retained the capacity for tri-lineage differentiation, as seen through teratoma formation. Subsequent microarray and Western blot analyses of ML114-treated hPSCs suggest the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A (NFYA) may be a candidate effector of RBBP9 SH activity in hPSCs. These data support a role for RBBP9 in regulating hPSC proliferation independent of differentiation, whereby inhibition of RBBP9 SH activity de-couples decreased hPSC proliferation from initiation of differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seakcheng Lim
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rachel A. Shparberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jens R. Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Michael D. O’Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Dewi CU, Mason M, Cohen-Hyams T, Killingsworth MC, Harman DG, Gnanasambandapillai V, Liyanage L, O'Connor MD. A simplified method for producing human lens epithelial cells and light-focusing micro-lenses from pluripotent stem cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108317. [PMID: 33130031 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a modified method for harvesting tens-of-millions of human lens epithelial-like cells from differentiated pluripotent stem cell cultures. To assess the utility of this method, we analysed the lens cell population via: light microscopy; single cell RNA-sequencing and gene ontology analyses; formation of light-focusing micro-lenses; mass spectrometry; and electron microscopy. Both individually and collectively, the data indicate this simplified harvesting method provides a large-scale source of stem cell-derived lens cells and micro-lenses for investigating human lens and cataract formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Umala Dewi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Michele Mason
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Tzipi Cohen-Hyams
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology and Correlative Microscopy Facility, Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - Murray C Killingsworth
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology and Correlative Microscopy Facility, Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW, 2170, Australia
| | - David G Harman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | | | - Liwan Liyanage
- School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Michael D O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yi JK, Park S, Ha JJ, Kim DH, Huang H, Park SJ, Lee MH, Ryoo ZY, Kim SH, Kim MO. Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on the Pluripotency and Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:244-253. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Koo Yi
- Department of Embryo Transfer Research, Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Ha
- Department of Embryo Transfer Research, Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Embryo Transfer Research, Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Si-Jun Park
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo, Korea
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zae-Young Ryoo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Life Medicine Analysis Korea Polytechnics Institute, Nonsan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Panina Y, Karagiannis P, Kurtz A, Stacey GN, Fujibuchi W. Human Cell Atlas and cell-type authentication for regenerative medicine. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1443-1451. [PMID: 32929224 PMCID: PMC8080834 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern biology, the correct identification of cell types is required for the developmental study of tissues and organs and the production of functional cells for cell therapies and disease modeling. For decades, cell types have been defined on the basis of morphological and physiological markers and, more recently, immunological markers and molecular properties. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have opened new doors for the characterization of cells at the individual and spatiotemporal levels on the basis of their RNA profiles, vastly transforming our understanding of cell types. The objective of this review is to survey the current progress in the field of cell-type identification, starting with the Human Cell Atlas project, which aims to sequence every cell in the human body, to molecular marker databases for individual cell types and other sources that address cell-type identification for regenerative medicine based on cell data guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Panina
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Peter Karagiannis
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, Herts, SG88HZ, UK
- National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Innovation Academy for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Wataru Fujibuchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Selvan Christyraj JD, Azhagesan A, Ganesan M, Subbiah Nadar Chelladurai K, Paulraj VD, Selvan Christyraj JRS. Understanding the Role of the Clitellum in the Regeneration Events of the Earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 208:134-141. [PMID: 32417843 DOI: 10.1159/000507243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a complex mechanism to restore lost or damaged body parts. In earthworms, regeneration capability varies among different species, and it is important to explore the mechanism behind the regeneration process. Interestingly, regeneration in earthworms is either dependent or independent of clitellum segments. In the present study, juvenile earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) were amputated at 3 different sites, namely the head, clitellum, and tail segments (at segments 10, 15, and 30, respectively), and their regeneration ability was documented using a foldscope. The amputated segments having the intact clitellum were able to heal the wounds and form the regenerative blastema. The smaller portions of the amputated segments (segments 1-10 and 1-15) without intact clitellum were unable to heal the wound, and death occurs within 12-24 h. The larger portions of the amputated segments (segments 15 and 30 to anus) without intact clitellum were able to heal the wound but lacked the regeneration capability. In control worms, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) signals were observed at the anterior tip, clitellum, and gut epithelium tissues, whereas, upon amputation, the enriched signals from the clitellum diminished, but profound signals were observed at the amputation site and regenerative blastema. Interestingly, on days 3 and 4, blastemal tips lacked ALP signals due to initiation of the differentiation process in the regeneration blastema. In summary, using a foldscope microscope, the role of the clitellum in the regeneration mechanism was indicated by ALP activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India,
| | - Ananthaselvam Azhagesan
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Mijithra Ganesan
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Karthikeyan Subbiah Nadar Chelladurai
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Vennila Devi Paulraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Johnson Retnaraj Samuel Selvan Christyraj
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The PI3K pathway impacts stem gene expression in a set of glioblastoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:593-604. [PMID: 32030510 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3K pathway controls diverse cellular processes including growth, survival, metabolism, and apoptosis. Nuclear FOXO factors were observed in cancers that harbor constitutively active PI3K pathway output and stem signatures. FOXO1 and FOXO3 were previously published to induce stem genes such as OCT4 in embryonic stem cells. Here, we investigated FOXO-driven stem gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. METHODS PI3K-activated cancer cell lines were investigated for changes in gene expression, signal transduction, and clonogenicity under conditions with FOXO3 disruption or exogenous expression. The impact of PI3K pathway inhibition on stem gene expression was examined in a set of glioblastoma cell lines. RESULTS We found that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated FOXO3 disruption in U87MG cells caused decreased OCT4 and SOX2 gene expression, STAT3 phosphorylation on tyrosine 705 and clonogenicity. FOXO3 over expression led to increased OCT4 in numerous glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Strikingly, treatment of glioblastoma cells with NVP-BEZ235 (a dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR), which activates FOXO factors, led to robust increases OCT4 gene expression. Direct FOXO factor recruitment to the OCT4 promoter was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses using U87MG extracts. DISCUSSION We show for the first time that FOXO transcription factors promote stem gene expression glioblastoma cells. Treatment with PI3K inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 led to dramatic increases in stem genes in a set of glioblastoma cell lines. CONCLUSION Given that, PI3K inhibitors are actively investigated as targeted cancer therapies, the FOXO-mediated induction of stem genes observed in this study highlights a potential hazard to PI3K inhibition. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of stem signatures in cancer will allow refinements to therapeutic strategies. Targeting FOXO factors to reduce stem cell characteristics in concert with PI3K inhibition may prove therapeutically efficacious.
Collapse
|
25
|
Paula AB, Laranjo M, Marto CM, Paulo S, Abrantes AM, Fernandes B, Casalta-Lopes J, Marques-Ferreira M, Botelho MF, Carrilho E. Evaluation of dentinogenesis inducer biomaterials: an in vivo study. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 28:e20190023. [PMID: 31800871 PMCID: PMC6886398 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When exposure of the pulp to external environment occurs, reparative dentinogenesis can be induced by direct pulp capping to maintain pulp tissue vitality and function. These clinical situations require the use of materials that induce dentin repair and, subsequently, formation of a mineralized tissue. Objective: This work aims to assess the effect of tricalcium silicate cements and mineral trioxide aggregate cements, including repairing dentin formation and inflammatory reactions over time after pulp exposure in Wistar rats. Methodology: These two biomaterials were compared with positive control groups (open cavity with pulp tissue exposure) and negative control groups (no intervention). The evaluations were performed in three stages; three, seven and twenty-one days, and consisted of an imaging (nuclear medicine) and histological evaluation (H&E staining, immunohistochemistry and Alizarin Red S). Results: The therapeutic effect of these biomaterials was confirmed. Nuclear medicine evaluation demonstrated that the uptake of 99mTc-Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) showed no significant differences between the different experimental groups and the control, revealing the non-occurrence of differences in the phosphocalcium metabolism. The histological study demonstrated that in mineral trioxide aggregate therapies, the presence of moderate inflammatory infiltration was found after three days, decreasing during follow-ups. The formation of mineralized tissue was only verified at 21 days of follow-up. The tricalcium silicate therapies demonstrated the presence of a slight inflammatory infiltration on the third day, increasing throughout the follow-up. The formation of mineralized tissue was observed in the seventh follow-up day, increasing over time. Conclusions: The mineral trioxide aggregate (WhiteProRoot®MTA) and tricalcium silicate (Biodentine™) present slight and reversible inflammatory signs in the pulp tissue, with the formation of mineralized tissue. However, the exacerbated induction of mineralized tissue formation with the tricalcium silicate biomaterial may lead to the formation of pulp calcifications
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabela B Paula
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos-Miguel Marto
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Patologia Experimental, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Siri Paulo
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fernandes
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Departamento de Patologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra University Hospital Center, Radiation Oncology Department, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques-Ferreira
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Prática Clínica Integrada, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Biofísica, Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica e Biomédica, area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal.,Universidade de Coimbra, CNC.IBILI, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shao Y, Chen J, Freeman W, Dong LJ, Zhang ZH, Xu M, Qiu F, Du Y, Liu J, Li XR, Ma JX. Canonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Neovascularization Through Determination of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Fate via Metabolic Profile Regulation. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1331-1343. [PMID: 31233254 PMCID: PMC6851557 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to blood vessel formation. Canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and EPC fate regulation. However, the mechanism for Wnt signaling to regulate EPC fate in neovascularization (NV) has not been clearly defined. Here, we showed that very low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Vldlr -/- ) mice, a model of ocular NV induced by Wnt signaling overactivation, have increased EPC numbers in the bone marrow, blood, and retina, as well as an elevated mitochondrial membrane potential indicating higher mitochondrial function of EPCs in the circulation. Isolated EPCs from Vldlr -/- mice showed overactivated Wnt signaling, correlating with increased mitochondrial function, mass, and DNA copy numbers, compared with WT EPCs. Our results also demonstrated that Wnt signaling upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis and function, while inhibiting glycolysis in EPCs, which further decreased EPC stemness and promoted EPCs to a more active state toward differentiation, which may contribute to pathologic vascular formation. Fenofibric acid, an active metabolite of fenofibrate, inhibited Wnt signaling and mitochondrial function in EPCs and decreased EPC numbers in Vldlr -/- mice. It also decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and reactive oxygen species production in Vldlr -/- EPCs, which may be responsible for its therapeutic effect on diabetic retinopathy. These findings demonstrated that Wnt signaling regulates EPC fate through metabolism, suggesting potential application of the EPC metabolic profile as predictor and therapeutic target for neovascular diseases. Stem Cells 2019;37:1331-1343.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjing Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Willard Freeman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Li-Jie Dong
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Manhong Xu
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangfang Qiu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Juping Liu
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjing Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bing T, Shen L, Wang J, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang N, Xiao X, Shangguan D. Aptameric Probe Specifically Binding Protein Heterodimer Rather Than Monomers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900143. [PMID: 31179220 PMCID: PMC6548965 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dimerization of proteins occurs frequently and plays integral roles in biological processes. However, no single molecular probe is available for in situ detection of protein dimers on cells and tissues because of the difficulty of isolating complete protein dimers for probe preparation and screening, which has greatly hampered the biomedical study of protein dimers. Herein, a G-rich DNA aptamer (termed BG2) that only binds alkaline phosphatase (AP) heterodimers rather than monomers is reported. This aptamer is generated by the cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique and proves to fold into a duplex stabilized antiparallel G-quadruplex structure. Using BG2 as molecular probe, AP heterodimers are found to be expressed on several kinds of cancer cells. As an affinity ligand, BG2 could isolate AP heterodimers from cell lysate. BG2 is also demonstrated to be applicable for tumor imaging in mice xenografted with cells highly expressing AP heterodimers. AP isozymes are found in several tissues and blood throughout the body, but the function and tissue distribution of AP heterodimers are totally unknown; therefore, BG2 could serve as a molecular probe to uncover the mystery of AP heterodimers. The generation of aptameric probes by cell-SELEX will open up a new situation for the study of protein dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Luyao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living BiosystemsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gomes Fernandes M, Bialecka M, Salvatori DCF, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. Characterization of migratory primordial germ cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros of a 4.5-week-old human embryo: a toolbox to evaluate in vitro early gametogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2019. [PMID: 29528446 PMCID: PMC6018722 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Which set of antibodies can be used to identify migratory and early post-migratory human primordial germ cells (hPGCs)? STUDY FINDING We validated the specificity of 33 antibodies for 31 markers, including POU5F1, NANOG, PRDM1 and TFAP2C as specific markers of hPGCs at 4.5 weeks of development of Carnegie stage (CS12–13), whereas KIT and SOX17 also marked the intra-aortic hematopoietic stem cell cluster in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The dynamics of gene expression during germ cell development in mice is well characterized and this knowledge has proved crucial to allow the development of protocols for the in vitro derivation of functional gametes. Although there is a great interest in generating human gametes in vitro, it is still unclear which markers are expressed during the early stages of hPGC development and many studies use markers described in mouse to benchmark differentiation of human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs). Early post-implantation development differs significantly between mice and humans, and so some germ cells markers, including SOX2, SOX17, IFITM3 and ITGA6 may not identify mPGCs and hPGCs equally well. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This immunofluorescence study investigated the expression of putative hPGC markers in the caudal part of a single human embryo at 4.5 weeks of development. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We have investigated by immunofluorescence the expression of a set of 33 antibodies for 31 markers, including pluripotency, germ cell, adhesion, migration, surface, mesenchymal and epigenetic markers on paraffin sections of the caudal part, including the AGM region, of a single human embryo (CS12–13). The human material used was anonymously donated with informed consent from elective abortions without medical indication. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed germ cell specific expression of NANOG, TFAP2C and PRDM1 in POU5F1+ hPGCs in the AGM. The epigenetic markers H3K27me3 and 5mC were sufficient to distinguish hPGCs from the surrounding somatic cells. Some mPGC-markers were not detected in hPGCs, but marked other tissues; whereas other markers, such as ALPL, SOX17, KIT, TUBB3, ITGA6 marked both POU5F1+ hPGCs and other cells in the AGM. We used a combination of multiple markers, immunostaining different cellular compartments when feasible, to decrease the chance of misidentifying hPGCs. LARGE SCALE DATA Non-applicable. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Material to study early human development is unique and very rare thus restricting the sample size. We have used a combination of antibodies limited by the number of paraffin sections available. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Most of our knowledge on early gametogenesis has been obtained from model organisms such as mice and is extrapolated to humans. However, since there is a dedicated effort to produce human artificial gametes in vitro, it is of great importance to determine the expression and specificity of human-specific germ cell markers. We provide a systematic analysis of the expression of 31 different markers in paraffin sections of a CS12–13 embryo. Our results will help to set up a toolbox of markers to evaluate protocols to induce hPGCLCs in vitro. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) M.G.F. was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BD/78689/2011] and S.M.C.S.L. was funded by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles (IAP, P7/07) and the European Research Council Consolidator (ERC-CoG-725722-OVOGROWTH). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomes Fernandes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333-ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333-ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela C F Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333-ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Susana M Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333-ZC, The Netherlands.,Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFβ. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6688. [PMID: 31040372 PMCID: PMC6491486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One third of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the US are early-stage lesions. The etiological understanding and treatment of these lesions have become major clinical challenges. Because breast cancer risk factors are often linked to aberrant nitric oxide (NO) production, we hypothesized that abnormal NO levels might contribute to the formation of early-stage breast lesions. We recently reported that the basal level of NO in the normal breast epithelia plays crucial roles in tissue homeostasis, whereas its reduction contributes to the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Here, we show that the basal level of NO in breast cells plummets during cancer progression due to reduction of the NO synthase cofactor, BH4, under oxidative stress. Importantly, pharmacological deprivation of NO in prepubertal to pubertal animals stiffens the extracellular matrix and induces precancerous lesions in the mammary tissues. These lesions overexpress a fibrogenic cytokine, TGFβ, and an oncogene, ERBB2, accompanied by the occurrence of senescence and stem cell-like phenotype. Consistently, normalization of NO levels in precancerous and cancerous breast cells downmodulates TGFβ and ERBB2 and ameliorates their proliferative phenotype. This study sheds new light on the etiological basis of precancerous breast lesions and their potential prevention by manipulating the basal NO level.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li WJ, Jiao H, Walczak BE. Emerging opportunities for induced pluripotent stem cells in orthopaedics. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:73-81. [PMID: 31194067 PMCID: PMC6551359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized biomedicine. Although the potential of iPSCs for tissue regeneration, disease modeling and drug screening has been largely recognized, findings of iPSC research to date are mostly focused on neurology, cardiology and haematology. For orthopaedics, growing interest in the unique cell type has prompted more researchers to get involved in iPSC research. In this article, we introduce the brief history of cellular reprogramming and different reprogramming methods that have been developed, discuss the biology of iPSCs and review previously reported findings of iPSC studies in orthopaedics. The Translational potential of this article Stem cell therapies hold great promise for treating orthopaedic diseases, manifested in recent study findings and results of clinical trials. iPSCs are a unique stem cell type derived from a patient’s own cells while still possessing the embryonic stem cell-featured pluripotency for generation of all tissues in the body. The distinctive properties make iPSCs much desirable to fulfill the promise of regenerative medicine for clinical orthopaedics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Hongli Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Brian E Walczak
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Considerations for high-yield, high-throughput cell enrichment: fluorescence versus magnetic sorting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:227. [PMID: 30659223 PMCID: PMC6338736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient sorting methods are required for the isolation of cellular subpopulations in basic science and translational applications. Despite this, throughputs, yields, viabilities, and processing times of common sorting methods like fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) are underreported. In the current study, we set out to quantify the ability of these sorting methods to separate defined mixtures of alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL)-expressing and non-expressing cell types. Results showed that initial MACS runs performed using manufacturer’s recommended antibody and microbead concentrations produced inaccurate ALPL+ vs. ALPL− cell splits compared to FACS when ALPL+ cells were present in larger proportions (>~25%). Accuracy at all proportions could be achieved by using substantially higher concentrations of labeling reagents. Importantly, MACS sorts resulted in only 7–9% cell loss compared to ~70% cell loss for FACS. Additionally, MACS processing was 4–6 times faster than FACS for single, low proportion samples but took similar time for single, high-proportion samples. When processing multiple samples, MACS was always faster overall due to its ability to run samples in parallel. Average cell viability for all groups remained high (>83%), regardless of sorting method. Despite requiring substantial optimization, the ability of MACS to isolate increased cell numbers in less time than FACS may prove valuable in both basic science and translational, cell-based applications.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hayashi Y, Ohnuma K, Furue MK. Pluripotent Stem Cell Heterogeneity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1123:71-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
33
|
Endometrial Stem Cell Markers: Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103240. [PMID: 30347708 PMCID: PMC6214006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human endometrium is a highly regenerative organ undergoing over 400 cycles of shedding and regeneration over a woman’s lifetime. Menstrual shedding and the subsequent repair of the functional layer of the endometrium is a process unique to humans and higher-order primates. This massive regenerative capacity is thought to have a stem cell basis, with human endometrial stromal stem cells having already been extensively studied. Studies on endometrial epithelial stem cells are sparse, and the current belief is that the endometrial epithelial stem cells reside in the terminal ends of the basalis glands at the endometrial/myometrial interface. Since almost all endometrial pathologies are thought to originate from aberrations in stem cells that regularly regenerate the functionalis layer, expansion of our current understanding of stem cells is necessary in order for curative treatment strategies to be developed. This review critically appraises the postulated markers in order to identify endometrial stem cells. It also examines the current evidence supporting the existence of epithelial stem cells in the human endometrium that are likely to be involved both in glandular regeneration and in the pathogenesis of endometrial proliferative diseases such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
MacLeod MJ, Vo NTK, Mikhaeil MS, Monaghan SR, Alexander JAN, Saran MK, Lee LEJ. Development of a continuous cell line from larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its use in the study of the microsporidian, Loma morhua. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1359-1372. [PMID: 29882595 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cell culture methods are crucial for the isolation, purification and mass propagation of intracellular pathogens of aquatic organisms. Cell culture infection models can yield insights into infection mechanisms, aid in developing methods for disease mitigation and prevention, and inform commercial-scale cultivation approaches. This study details the establishment of a larval cell line (GML-5) from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and its use in the study of microsporidia. GML-5 has survived over 100 passages in 8 years of culture. The line remains active and viable between 8 and 21°C in Leibovitz-15 (L-15) media with 10% foetal bovine serum and exhibits a myofibroblast phenotype as indicated by immuno-positive results for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and S-100 proteins, while being desmin-negative. GML-5 supports the infection and development of two microsporidian parasites, an opportunistic generalist (Anncaliia algerae) and cod-specific Loma morhua. Using GML-5, spore germination and proliferation of L. morhua was found to require exposure to basic pH and cool incubation temperatures (8°C), in contrast to A. algerae, which required no cultural modifications. Loma morhua-associated xenoma-like structures were observed 2 weeks postexposure. This in vitro infection model may serve as a valuable tool for cod parasitology and aquaculture research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J MacLeod
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Mandeep K Saran
- Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy E J Lee
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee EM, Kim AY, Lee EJ, Park JK, Park SI, Cho SG, Kim HK, Kim SY, Jeong KS. Generation of Equine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Analysis of Their Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Injuries. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2003-2016. [PMID: 27226077 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse health has become a major concern with the expansion of horse-related industries and sports; the importance of healthy muscles for horse performance and daily activities is undisputed. Here we generated equine-induced pluripotent stem cells (E-iPSCs) by reprogramming equine adipose-derived stem cells (E-ADSCs) into iPSCs using a polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding four transcription factors (i.e., Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) and then examined their pluripotent characteristics. Subsequently, established E-iPSCs were transplanted into muscle-injured Rag/ mdx mice. The histopathology results showed that E-iPSC-transplanted mice exhibited enhanced muscle regeneration compared to controls. In addition, E-iPSC-derived myofibers were observed in the injured muscles. In conclusion, we show that E-iPSCs could be successfully generated from equine ADSCs and transplanted into injured muscles and that E-iPSCs have the capacity to induce regeneration of injured muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Il Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Murphy P, Kabir MH, Srivastava T, Mason ME, Dewi CU, Lim S, Yang A, Djordjevic D, Killingsworth MC, Ho JWK, Harman DG, O'Connor MD. Light-focusing human micro-lenses generated from pluripotent stem cells model lens development and drug-induced cataract in vitro. Development 2018; 145:dev.155838. [PMID: 29217756 PMCID: PMC5825866 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cataracts cause vision loss and blindness by impairing the ability of the ocular lens to focus light onto the retina. Various cataract risk factors have been identified, including drug treatments, age, smoking and diabetes. However, the molecular events responsible for these different forms of cataract are ill-defined, and the advent of modern cataract surgery in the 1960s virtually eliminated access to human lenses for research. Here, we demonstrate large-scale production of light-focusing human micro-lenses from spheroidal masses of human lens epithelial cells purified from differentiating pluripotent stem cells. The purified lens cells and micro-lenses display similar morphology, cellular arrangement, mRNA expression and protein expression to human lens cells and lenses. Exposing the micro-lenses to the emergent cystic fibrosis drug Vx-770 reduces micro-lens transparency and focusing ability. These human micro-lenses provide a powerful and large-scale platform for defining molecular disease mechanisms caused by cataract risk factors, for anti-cataract drug screening and for clinically relevant toxicity assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Murphy
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tarini Srivastava
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Michele E Mason
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Chitra U Dewi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Seakcheng Lim
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Andrian Yang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Djordje Djordjevic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Murray C Killingsworth
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology and Correlative Microscopy Facility, Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David G Harman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Michael D O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia .,Medical Sciences Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rajendran V, Jain MV. In Vitro Tumorigenic Assay: Colony Forming Assay for Cancer Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1692:89-95. [PMID: 28986889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7401-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colony forming or clonogenic assay is an in vitro quantitative technique to examine the capability of a single cell to grow into a large colony through clonal expansion. Clonogenic activity is a sensitive indicator of undifferentiated cancer stem cells. Here, we described the colony forming ability of the isolated breast cancer stem cells from the total population of cancer cells using double-layered, soft agarose-based assay. This method demonstrates that cancer stem cells can survive and generate colony growth in an anchorage-independent culture model. The 0.005% crystal violet solution is used in this assay to visualize the generated colonies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Rajendran
- Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mayur Vilas Jain
- Division of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 85, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yusof MFH, Zahari W, Hashim SNM, Osman ZF, Chandra H, Kannan TP, Noordin KBAA, Azlina A. Angiogenic and osteogenic potentials of dental stem cells in bone tissue engineering. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2018; 8:48-53. [PMID: 29556464 PMCID: PMC5854554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of dental stem cells (DSCs) using current technologies in tissue engineering unveil promising prospect in regenerative medicine. DSCs have shown to possess angiogenic and osteogenic potential in both in vivo and in vitro. Neural crest derived DSCs can successfully be isolated from various dental tissues, exploiting their intrinsic great differentiation potential. In this article, researcher team intent to review the characteristics of DSCs, with focus on their angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation lineage. Clinical data on DSCs are still lacking to prove their restorative abilities despite extensive contemporary literature, warranting research to further validate their application for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fuad Hilmi Yusof
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wafa’ Zahari
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurnasihah Md Hashim
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zul Faizuddin Osman
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hamshawagini Chandra
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Azlina
- Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, USM Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chhabra A. Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Lines and Mechanism of Pluripotency: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:757-773. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
40
|
Cavelier P, Cau J, Morin N, Delsert C. Early gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster: new insights using stem cell and mitotic markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:3988-3996. [PMID: 28860120 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.167734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While our knowledge of bivalve gametogenesis has progressed in recent times, more molecular markers are needed in order to develop tissue imaging. Here, we identified stem cell and mitotic markers to further characterize oyster early gametogenesis, mainly through immunofluorescence microscopy. Intense alkaline phosphatase activity, a non-specific marker for stem cells, was detected on the outer edge of the gonad ducts at the post-spawning stage, suggesting an abundance of undifferentiated cells very early during the sexual cycle. This observation was confirmed using an antibody against Sox2, a transcription factor specific for stem or germline cells, which labeled cells in the gonad duct inner mass and ciliated epithelium early during the initial oyster sexual cycle. Moreover, Vasa, a cytoplasmic marker for germline cells, was also detected in the gonad acini and duct cells, thus confirming that germline cells were abundant early on. In addition, the binding of the minichromosome maintenance MCM6 protein to chromatin indicated the gonad acini and duct cells were engaged in the cell cycle. DNA replication was indeed confirmed by an abundant in vivo incorporation of BrdU into the duct cell chromatin. Finally, proliferation of acini and duct cells was demonstrated by the chromatin-bound Ser10-phosphorylated histone H3, a mitotic marker. The markers for the cell cycle and mitosis used here thus indicate that acini and duct cells were already actively dividing early during the oyster sexual cycle. In addition, together with the stem cell markers, these data reveal that the epithelium delimiting the duct outer edge contains a dynamic population of undifferentiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cavelier
- Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France.,IGMM CNRS UMR 5535, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cau
- Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France.,IGH CNRS UPR 1142, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France.,CRBM CNRS UMR5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Delsert
- Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France .,CRBM CNRS UMR5237, 34293 Montpellier, France.,3AS Ifremer, 34250 Palavas-les-Flots, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Han U, Park HH, Kim YJ, Park TH, Park JH, Hong J. Efficient Encapsulation and Sustained Release of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Nanofilm: Extension of the Feeding Cycle of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25087-25097. [PMID: 28686012 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has an established pivotal function in biomedical engineering, especially for the human pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the limitation of bFGF is the ease of denaturation under normal physiological conditions, inducing loss of its activity. In this study, we designed multi-trilayered nanofilm composed of a repeating polycation/polyanion/bFGF structure, which has high loading efficiency and short buildup time. We also investigated that the loading and release of bFGF from the nanofilm with two parameters (counter-polyanion and film architectures). Then, we prepared the optimized nanofilm which maintains a sustained bFGF level in physiological condition to apply the nanofilm to human iPSCs culture. The amount of bFGF release from 12 trilayer nanofilm was 36.4 ng/cm2, and activity of bFGF encapsulated into the nanofilm was maintained (60%) until 72 h during incubation at 37 °C. As a result, the iPSCs grown in the presence of the nanofilm with tridaily replacement of growth medium maintained undifferentiated morphology and expression levels of pluripotency marker proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uiyoung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Spina EJ, Guzman E, Zhou H, Kosik KS, Smith WC. A microRNA-mRNA expression network during oral siphon regeneration in Ciona. Development 2017; 144:1787-1797. [PMID: 28432214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.144097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a parallel study of mRNA and microRNA expression during oral siphon (OS) regeneration in Ciona robusta, and the derived network of their interactions. In the process of identifying 248 mRNAs and 15 microRNAs as differentially expressed, we also identified 57 novel microRNAs, several of which are among the most highly differentially expressed. Analysis of functional categories identified enriched transcripts related to stress responses and apoptosis at the wound healing stage, signaling pathways including Wnt and TGFβ during early regrowth, and negative regulation of extracellular proteases in late stage regeneration. Consistent with the expression results, we found that inhibition of TGFβ signaling blocked OS regeneration. A correlation network was subsequently inferred for all predicted microRNA-mRNA target pairs expressed during regeneration. Network-based clustering associated transcripts into 22 non-overlapping groups, the functional analysis of which showed enrichment of stress response, signaling pathway and extracellular protease categories that could be related to specific microRNAs. Predicted targets of the miR-9 cluster suggest a role in regulating differentiation and the proliferative state of neural progenitors through regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Spina
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Elmer Guzman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - William C Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA .,Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The promise of human pluripotent stem cells to serve as a scalable and renewable starting material for "off the shelf" therapeutic cell products to repair or replace cells and tissues damaged by disease or injury is unparalleled. Whether originating from embryos or the genetic manipulation of adult tissue-derived cells, this prospective impact dictates a comprehensive yet practicable standard of quality assured characterization, blending existing and bespoke standards and considerations. Here, we provide a guide to qualifying the suitability of this resource for human clinical application.
Collapse
|
44
|
Mao D, Ando S, Sato SI, Qin Y, Hirata N, Katsuda Y, Kawase E, Kuo TF, Minami I, Shiba Y, Ueda K, Nakatsuji N, Uesugi M. A Synthetic Hybrid Molecule for the Selective Removal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cell Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shin Ando
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sato
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Ying Qin
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Nao Hirata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yousuke Katsuda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; School of Medicine; Shinshu University; Matsumoto 390-8621 Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University, Uji; Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mao D, Ando S, Sato SI, Qin Y, Hirata N, Katsuda Y, Kawase E, Kuo TF, Minami I, Shiba Y, Ueda K, Nakatsuji N, Uesugi M. A Synthetic Hybrid Molecule for the Selective Removal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cell Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1765-1770. [PMID: 28067441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A major hurdle in stem cell therapy is the tumorigenic risk of residual undifferentiated stem cells. This report describes the design and evaluation of synthetic hybrid molecules that efficiently reduce the number of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in cell mixtures. The design takes advantage of Kyoto probe 1 (KP-1), a fluorescent chemical probe for hiPSCs, and clinically used anticancer drugs. Among the KP-1-drug conjugates we synthesized, we found an exceptionally selective, chemically tractable molecule that induced the death of hiPSCs. Mechanistic analysis suggested that the high selectivity originates from the synergistic combination of transporter-mediated efflux and the cytotoxicity mode of action. The present study offers a chemical and mechanistic rationale for designing selective, safe, and simple reagents for the preparation of non-tumorigenic clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin Ando
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ying Qin
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nao Hirata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yousuke Katsuda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Susta L, He Y, Hutcheson JM, Lu Y, West FD, Stice SL, Yu P, Abdo Z, Afonso CL. Derivation of chicken induced pluripotent stem cells tolerant to Newcastle disease virus-induced lysis through multiple rounds of infection. Virol J 2016; 13:205. [PMID: 27919263 PMCID: PMC5139146 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a devastating disease of poultry and wild birds. ND is prevented by rigorous biocontainment and vaccination. One potential approach to prevent spread of the virus is production of birds that show innate resistance to NDV-caused disease. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows adult cells to be reprogrammed into an embryonic stem cell-like state capable of contributing to live offspring and passing on unique traits in a number of species. Recently, iPSC approaches have been successfully applied to avian cells. If chicken induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) are genetically or epigenetically modified to resist NDV infection, it may be possible to generate ND resistant poultry. There is limited information on the potential of ciPSCs to be infected by NDV, or the capacity of these cells to become resistant to infection. The aim of the present work was to assess the characteristics of the interaction between NDV and ciPSCs, and to develop a selection method that would increase tolerance of these cells to NDV-induced cellular damage. Results Results showed that ciPSCs were permissive to infection with NDV, and susceptible to virus-mediated cell death. Since ciPSCs that survived infection demonstrated the ability to recover quickly, we devised a system to select surviving cells through multiple infection rounds with NDV. ciPSCs that sustained 9 consecutive infections had a statistically significant increase in survival (up to 36 times) compared to never-infected ciPSCs upon NDV infection (tolerant cells). Increased survival was not caused by a loss of permissiveness to NDV replication. RNA sequencing followed by enrichment pathway analysis showed that numerous metabolic pathways where differentially regulated between tolerant and never-infected ciPSCs. Conclusions Results demonstrate that ciPSCs are permissive to NDV infection and become increasingly tolerant to NDV under selective pressure, indicating that this system could be applied to study mechanisms of cellular tolerance to NDV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0659-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Susta
- US National Poultry Research Center, Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, 30605, USA. .,Present address: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
| | - Ying He
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Present address: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, China
| | - Jessica M Hutcheson
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yangqing Lu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- US National Poultry Research Center, Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Harbi S, Wang R, Gregory M, Hanson N, Kobylarz K, Ryan K, Deng Y, Lopez P, Chiriboga L, Mignatti P. Infantile Hemangioma Originates From A Dysregulated But Not Fully Transformed Multipotent Stem Cell. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35811. [PMID: 27786256 PMCID: PMC5081534 DOI: 10.1038/srep35811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor of infancy. Its cellular origin and biological signals for uncontrolled growth are poorly understood, and specific pharmacological treatment is unavailable. To understand the process of hemangioma-genesis we characterized the progenitor hemangioma-derived stem cell (HemSC) and its lineage and non-lineage derivatives. For this purpose we performed a high-throughput (HT) phenotypic and gene expression analysis of HemSCs, and analyzed HemSC-derived tumorspheres. We found that IH is characterized by high expression of genes involved in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and associated signaling pathways. These results show that IH derives from a dysregulated stem cell that remains in an immature, arrested stage of development. The potential biomarkers we identified can afford the development of diagnostic tools and precision-medicine therapies to "rewire" or redirect cellular transitions at an early stage, such as signaling pathways or immune response modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Harbi
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
- VasculoTox Inc., New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael Gregory
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicole Hanson
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Keith Kobylarz
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
- Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Kamilah Ryan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter Lopez
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paolo Mignatti
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Canovas S, Campos R, Aguilar E, Cibelli JB. Progress towards human primordial germ cell specification in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 23:4-15. [PMID: 27798275 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) have long been considered the link between one generation and the next. PGC specification begins in the early embryo as a result of a highly orchestrated combination of transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the molecular events that lead to proper PGC development will facilitate the development of new treatments for human infertility as well as species conservation. This article describes the latest, most relevant findings about the mechanisms of PGC formation, emphasizing human PGC. It also discusses our own laboratory's progress in using transdifferentiation protocols to derive human PGCs (hPGCs). Our preliminary results arose from our pursuit of a sequential hPGC induction strategy that starts with the repression of lineage-specific factors in the somatic cell, followed by the reactivation of germ cell-related genes using specific master regulators, which can indeed reactivate germ cell-specific genes in somatic cells. While it is still premature to assume that fully functional human gametes can be obtained in a dish, our results, together with those recently published by others, provide strong evidence that generating their precursors, PGCs, is within reach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Canovas
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - R Campos
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - E Aguilar
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain
| | - J B Cibelli
- LARCEL, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), C/Severo Ochoa 35, Malaga 29590, Spain .,Department of Physiology and Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Parr CJC, Katayama S, Miki K, Kuang Y, Yoshida Y, Morizane A, Takahashi J, Yamanaka S, Saito H. MicroRNA-302 switch to identify and eliminate undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32532. [PMID: 27608814 PMCID: PMC5016789 DOI: 10.1038/srep32532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of pluripotent stem cell differentiation is highly variable, often resulting in heterogeneous populations that contain undifferentiated cells. Here we developed a sensitive, target-specific, and general method for removing undesired cells before transplantation. MicroRNA-302a-5p (miR-302a) is highly and specifically expressed in human pluripotent stem cells and gradually decreases to basal levels during differentiation. We synthesized a new RNA tool, miR-switch, as a live-cell reporter mRNA for miR-302a activity that can specifically detect human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) down to a spiked level of 0.05% of hiPSCs in a heterogeneous population and can prevent teratoma formation in an in vivo tumorigenicity assay. Automated and selective hiPSC-elimination was achieved by controlling puromycin resistance using the miR-302a switch. Our system uniquely provides sensitive detection of pluripotent stem cells and partially differentiated cells. In addition to its ability to eliminate undifferentiated cells, miR-302a switch also holds great potential in investigating the dynamics of differentiation and/or reprograming of live-cells based on intracellular information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum J C Parr
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Katayama
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Miki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yi Kuang
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
He N, Dong Z, Zhu B, Nuo M, Bou S, Liu D. Expression of pluripotency markers in Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:782-8. [PMID: 27364919 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In our previous work, we found that the Inner Mongolia Arbas Cashmere goat hair follicle stem cells (gHFSCs) can be successfully differentiated into adipocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte lineages. In this study, we further examined the expression of the pluripotency and stemness markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, AKP, and TERT in gHFSCs by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and Western blot. Immunofluorescent staining showed that the gHFSCs were positive for all five markers. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) further analyzed the positive expression of Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 in the gHFSCs. Compared with Arbas Cashmere goat adipose-derived stem cells (gADSCs) at the mRNA expression level, Oct4 was relatively highly expressed in gHFSCs, 41.36 times of the gADSCs, and Nanog was 5.61, AKP was 2.74, and TERT was 2.10 times, respectively (p < 0.01). Western blot indicated that all markers are expressed at the protein level in the gHFSCs. When compared with gADSCs, using α-tubulin as a reference protein, gray intensity analysis showed that the expression of Oct4, Nanog, AKP, and TERT were, respectively, 5.94, 10.78, 1.33, and 1.39 times of gADSCs. Additionally, mRNA and protein expression of Sox2 were detected in the gHFSCs but not in the gADSCs. The protein expression pattern of these markers was consistent with the mRNA results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nimantana He
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhenguo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingtu Nuo
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shorgan Bou
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, Inner Mongolia, China.
| |
Collapse
|