1
|
Seo Y, Kim SI, Song SH, Kim JG, Gu JY, Jeon HW, Lee M, Kim HK. Elevation of circulating neutrophil extracellular traps in endometrial cancer: Poor prognostic value of cell-free double-stranded DNA. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102072. [PMID: 39128260 PMCID: PMC11366898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophils produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by releasing nuclear contents into the extracellular environment. NETs are associated with systemic inflammation and cancer development and progression. We aimed to investigate whether NET markers are associated with the prognosis of endometrial cancer. METHODS Circulating levels of three NET markers (histone-DNA complex, cell-free double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and neutrophil elastase) were measured in 98 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent surgery as primary treatment between January 2015 and June 2018 and 45 healthy women. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analyses were conducted to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the markers for endometrial cancer. RESULTS Patients with endometrial cancer showed significantly higher levels of the three NET markers than those in healthy controls. In discriminating endometrial cancer patients from healthy controls, the three NET markers showed AUC values in the following order: cell-free dsDNA (0.832; 95 % CI, 0.760-0.889), histone-DNA complex (0.740; 95 % CI, 0.660-0.809), and neutrophil elastase (0.689; 95 % CI, 0.607-0.764), comparable to those of CA-125 (0.741; 95 % CI, 0.659-0.813). Multivariate analysis adjusting for FIGO stage, histology, and lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node involvement revealed that cell-free dsDNA level (cutoff: 95.2 ng/mL) was an independent prognostic marker for poor progression-free (adjusted HR, 2.75; 95 % CI, 1.096.92; P = 0.032) and overall survival (adjusted HR, 11.51; 95 % CI, 2.0664.22; P = 0.005) for patients with endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION High levels of circulating NET markers were observed in patients with endometrial cancer. Cell-free dsDNA levels may play a role as prognostic markers for endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisoo G Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja-Yoon Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maria Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kussainova A, Aripova A, Ibragimova M, Bersimbaev R, Bulgakova O. Radiation-Induced miRNAs Changes and cf mtDNA Level in Trauma Surgeons: Epigenetic and Molecular Biomarkers of X-ray Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8446. [PMID: 39126012 PMCID: PMC11313199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation can result in the development of a number of diseases, including cancer, cataracts and neurodegenerative pathologies. Certain occupational groups are exposed to both natural and artificial sources of radiation as a consequence of their professional activities. The development of non-invasive biomarkers to assess the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation for these groups is of great importance. In this context, our objective was to identify epigenetic and molecular biomarkers that could be used to monitor exposure to ionizing radiation. The impact of X-ray exposure on the miRNAs profile and the level of cf mtDNA were evaluated using the RT-PCR method. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in their blood were quantified using the ELISA method. A significant decrease in miR-19a-3p, miR-125b-5p and significant increase in miR-29a-3p was observed in the blood plasma of individuals exposed to X-ray. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cf mtDNA were also detected. In silico identification of potential targets of these miRNAs was conducted using MIENTURNET. VDAC1 and ALOX5 were identified as possible targets. Our study identified promising biomarkers such as miRNAs and cf mtDNA that showed a dose-dependent effect of X-ray exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.K.); (A.A.); (M.I.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma Y, Wei J, He W, Ren J. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e647. [PMID: 39015554 PMCID: PMC11247337 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of chromatin DNA studded with granule proteins, are released by neutrophils in response to both infectious and sterile inflammation. Beyond the canonical role in defense against pathogens, the extrusion of NETs also contributes to the initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic response of malignant diseases. Recently, NETs have been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors. Although extensive work regarding inflammation in tumors has been reported, a comprehensive summary of how these web-like extracellular structures initiate and propagate tumor progression under the specific microenvironment is lacking. In this review, we demonstrate the initiators and related signaling pathways that trigger NETs formation in cancers. Additionally, this review will outline the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of NETs during dormant cancer cells awakening, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) extravasation, and metastatic recurrence of cancer. This is followed by a perspective on the current and potential clinical potential of NETs as therapeutic targets in the treatment of both local and metastatic disease, including the improvement of the efficacy of existing therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Jielin Wei
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenshan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Institute of Radiation OncologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation OncologyWuhanChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim SH, Weigelt B. Circulating cell-free (cf)DNA analysis: Current technologies and applications in gynecologic cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 54:101431. [PMID: 38947418 PMCID: PMC11211888 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis has several promising clinical applications in the management of cancer patients, with clinical validity established in different types of solid tumors (e.g., lung, breast, and colon cancer). Cancers harbor unique genetic alterations that can be detected in the plasma and other bodily fluids of cancer patients, constituting an alternate source of tumor-derived DNA. Technologic advances and wide-spread availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) have made sequencing analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) possible, employing both off-the-shelf and personalized tumor-informed panels. Tumor size, disease burden and high-grade histologic types have been shown to correlate with ctDNA levels across multiple solid cancer types. Detection of tumor-derived genetic alterations in plasma-derived cfDNA can facilitate diagnosis, guide treatment selection, and serve as a biomarker for treatment response and prognostication. Molecular residual disease (MRD) is at the forefront of cfDNA analysis, with implications in treatment de-escalation/ escalation in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. The development of cfDNA analysis in early detection of cancers is under active investigation. Proof-of-principles studies in gynecologic cancers have demonstrated feasibility and potential for innovation in cancers lacking specific biomarkers, including the tracking of human papillomavirus (HPV) cfDNA in patients with cervical cancer. In this review, we outline the assays currently available for cfDNA sequencing/ ctDNA detection, the role of cfDNA analysis in clinical decision-making and the current status and potential clinical uses of cfDNA research in gynecologic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Kim
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu W, Ma J, Zhang J, Cao J, Hu X, Huang Y, Wang R, Wu J, Di W, Qian K, Yin X. Identification and validation of serum metabolite biomarkers for endometrial cancer diagnosis. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:988-1003. [PMID: 38355748 PMCID: PMC11018850 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) stands as the most prevalent gynecological tumor in women worldwide. Notably, differentiation diagnosis of abnormity detected by ultrasound findings (e.g., thickened endometrium or mass in the uterine cavity) is essential and remains challenging in clinical practice. Herein, we identified a metabolic biomarker panel for differentiation diagnosis of EC using machine learning of high-performance serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) and validated the biological function. We first recorded the high-performance SMFs of 191 EC and 204 Non-EC subjects via particle-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (PELDI-MS). Then, we achieved an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.957-0.968 for EC diagnosis through machine learning of high-performance SMFs, outperforming the clinical biomarker of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125, AUC of 0.610-0.684, p < 0.05). Finally, we identified a metabolic biomarker panel of glutamine, glucose, and cholesterol linoleate with an AUC of 0.901-0.902 and validated the biological function in vitro. Therefore, our work would facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers for EC in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanshan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jinglan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Juxiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yida Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Shanghai Academy of Experimental Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
- Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bruno V, Logoteta A, Chiofalo B, Mancini E, Betti M, Fabrizi L, Piccione E, Vizza E. It is time to implement molecular classification in endometrial cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:745-753. [PMID: 37410149 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A huge effort has been done in redefining endometrial cancer (EC) risk classes in the last decade. However, known prognostic factors (FIGO staging and grading, biomolecular classification and ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classes stratification) are not able to predict outcomes and especially recurrences. Biomolecular classification has helped in re-classifying patients for a more appropriate adjuvant treatment and clinical studies suggest that currently used molecular classification improves the risk assessment of women with EC, however, it does not clearly explain differences in recurrence profiles. Furthermore, a lack of evidence appears in EC guidelines. Here, we summarize the main concepts why molecular classification is not enough in the management of endometrial cancer, by highlighting some promising innovative examples in scientific literature studies with a clinical potential significant impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Logoteta
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Policlinico "Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Benito Chiofalo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Mancini
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Betti
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Fabrizi
- Department of Anesthesiology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Piccione
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Tirane, Albania
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varzaru B, Iacob RA, Bunduc S, Manea I, Sorop A, Spiridon A, Chelaru R, Croitoru A, Topala M, Becheanu G, Dumbrava M, Dima S, Popescu I, Gheorghe C. Prognostic Value of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Concentration and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2854. [PMID: 38474101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) quantity correlates with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of various cancer types. We investigated whether ccfDNA levels and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have prognostic value in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Peripheral blood was collected from 82 patients with PDAC prior to any diagnostic procedure or the administration of chemotherapy. Plasma DNA was isolated, and ccfDNA concentration and NLR were determined. We found that ccfDNA levels were correlated with age and tumor burden. Moreover, higher values of NLR (≥3.31) were linked with worse overall survival (OS) (4 vs. 10 months; log rank p = 0.011), and an elevated ccfDNA concentration (≥25.79 ng/mL) was strongly associated with shorter OS (4 vs. 8 months; log rank p = 0.009). According to the results of the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the baseline concentration of ccfDNA was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.97, p = 0.041). Furthermore, the combination of ccfDNA levels with NLR greatly enhanced the prognostic accuracy of PDAC patients. Our study demonstrates that ccfDNA concentration and NLR are independent predictors of survival in PDAC. Subsequent studies should validate this combination as a prognostic indicator in PDAC patients and assess its utility for guiding therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Varzaru
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Andrei Iacob
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefania Bunduc
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Manea
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Spiridon
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Chelaru
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Croitoru
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Topala
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Becheanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mona Dumbrava
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Dima
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Gheorghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation Center, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022238 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang M, Lv X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li H, Shen Z, Zhao L. Biomarkers of peripheral blood neutrophil extracellular traps in the diagnosis and progression of malignant tumors. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6935. [PMID: 38230764 PMCID: PMC10905219 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mortality rate associated with malignant tumors remains high and there is a lack of effective diagnostic and tumor progression markers. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can promote tumor-associated thrombosis, invasive metastasis, and inflammatory responses, but there is a lack of research on the value of measuring NETs in the peripheral blood of patients with malignancies. METHODS We included 263 patients with malignancies (55 gliomas, 101 ovarian, 64 colorectal, and 43 lung cancers) and 75 healthy controls in this study. We compared the levels of citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and systemic inflammation-related parameters, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, and systemic inflammation response index. We assessed the value of changes in NETs in peripheral blood to determine the diagnosis, venous thromboembolism, clinical staging, and systemic inflammatory response in patients with malignancy. RESULTS The levels of citH3 and cfDNA in peripheral blood can distinguish between healthy controls and tumor patients. The levels of citH3 and cfDNA before clinical intervention did not predict the risk of combined venous thromboembolism in oncology patients in the short-term after clinical intervention. The levels of citH3, cfDNA, and systemic inflammation-related parameters in the peripheral blood of tumor patients increased with the clinical stage. There was a correlation between cfDNA levels in peripheral blood and systemic inflammation-related parameters in tumor patients, and this correlation was more significant in patients with advanced tumors. CONCLUSIONS Changes in NETs in the peripheral blood differ between healthy controls and patients with malignant tumors. NETs may be involved in tumor-induced systemic inflammatory responses through interaction with circulating inflammatory cells, thus promoting tumor progression. NETs may be used as markers to assist in the diagnosis and progression of tumor malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhongjun Shen
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Liyan Zhao
- Department of Blood TransfusionSecond Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sorouri K, Lynce F, Feltmate CM, Davis MR, Muto MG, Konstantinopoulos PA, Stover EH, Kurian AW, Hill SJ, Partridge AH, Tolaney SM, Garber JE, Bychkovsky BL. Endometrial Cancer Risk Among Germline BRCA1/ 2 Pathogenic Variant Carriers: Review of Our Current Understanding and Next Steps. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300290. [PMID: 38061009 PMCID: PMC10715772 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the literature exploring endometrial cancer (EC) risk among surgical candidates with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) to guide decisions around risk-reducing (rr) hysterectomy in this population. DESIGN A comprehensive review was conducted of the current literature that influences clinical practice and informs expert consensus. We present our understanding of EC risk among BRCA1/2 PV carriers, the risk-modifying factors specific to this patient population, and the available research technology that may guide clinical practice in the future. Limitations of the existing literature are outlined. RESULTS Patients with BRCA1/2 PVs, those with a personal history of tamoxifen use, those who desire long-term hormone replacement therapy, and/or have an elevated BMI are at higher risk of EC, primarily endometrioid EC and/or uterine papillary serous carcinoma, and may benefit from rr-hysterectomy. Although prescriptive clinical guidelines specific to BRCA1/2 PV carriers could inform decisions around rr-hysterectomy, limitations of the current literature prevent more definitive guidance at this time. A large population-based study of a contemporary cohort of BRCA1/2 PV carriers with lifetime follow-up compared with cancer-gene negative controls would advance this topic and facilitate care decisions. CONCLUSION This review validates a potential role for rr-hysterectomy to address EC risk among surgical candidates with BRCA1/2 PVs. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for rr-hysterectomy in BRCA1/2 PV carriers are essential to ensure equitable access to this preventive measure, supporting insurance coverage for patients with either BRCA1 or BRCA2 PVs to pursue rr-hysterectomy. Overall, this review highlights the complexity of EC risk in BRCA1/2 PV carriers and offers a comprehensive framework to shared decision making to inform rr-hysterectomy for BRCA1/2 PV carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Sorouri
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Colleen M. Feltmate
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle R. Davis
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael G. Muto
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth H. Stover
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah J. Hill
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann H. Partridge
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sara M. Tolaney
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Judy E. Garber
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Brittany L. Bychkovsky
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lopez-Duarte MC, Londoño C, Lasso S, Heredia D, Brown M, DiLorenzo N, Pohler K, Gonella A. Plasma cell-free DNA concentration increases during luteolysis in beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1334-1337. [PMID: 37402175 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
During cell death, DNA is fragmented and reaches the bloodstream in the form of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Luteal cells must undergo an apoptotic process during structural luteolysis to begin a new oestrous cycle. We hypothesized that cfDNA concentrations would increase when inducing luteolysis by applying prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) analog to the cycling cow. Multiparous non-pregnant and non-lactating Angus cows (Bos taurus; n = 15) were synchronized using the 7-day CoSynch + CIDR protocol. Ten days after oestrus was detected, two treatments were applied (PGF2α, n = 10; or Con, n = 5). Twice a day, grey mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography were used to calculate area (CL-A) and luteal blood perfusion (LBP%). Additionally, we collected one blood sample for plasma progesterone (P4) and cfDNA concentrations for four consecutive days. Data analysis was performed using the GLM procedure of SAS. The luteolysis induction was demonstrated by a decrease in P4 concentrations (p ≤ .01) and CL-A (p ≤ .01) in the PGF2α group after 12 h of the PGF2α injection. Reduction of LBP% (p ≤ .01) in the PGF2α group after 36 h of the injection. The concentration of cfDNA showed a significant increase (p = .05) after 48 h of the PGF2α application in the PGF2α group. In conclusion, cfDNA showed a significantly increased concentration after luteolysis induction, which can imply that cfDNA could be used as a luteolysis biomarker in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Londoño
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| | - Sergio Lasso
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| | - Daniella Heredia
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| | - Morgan Brown
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| | - Ky Pohler
- Deparment of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Angela Gonella
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caputo V, Ciardiello F, Corte CMD, Martini G, Troiani T, Napolitano S. Diagnostic value of liquid biopsy in the era of precision medicine: 10 years of clinical evidence in cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:102-138. [PMID: 36937316 PMCID: PMC10017193 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic repeatable test, which in last years has emerged as a powerful tool for profiling cancer genomes in real-time with minimal invasiveness and tailoring oncological decision-making. It analyzes different blood-circulating biomarkers and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is the preferred one. Nevertheless, tissue biopsy remains the gold standard for molecular evaluation of solid tumors whereas liquid biopsy is a complementary tool in many different clinical settings, such as treatment selection, monitoring treatment response, cancer clonal evolution, prognostic evaluation, as well as the detection of early disease and minimal residual disease (MRD). A wide number of technologies have been developed with the aim of increasing their sensitivity and specificity with acceptable costs. Moreover, several preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to better understand liquid biopsy clinical utility. Anyway, several issues are still a limitation of its use such as false positive and negative results, results interpretation, and standardization of the panel tests. Although there has been rapid development of the research in these fields and recent advances in the clinical setting, many clinical trials and studies are still needed to make liquid biopsy an instrument of clinical routine. This review provides an overview of the current and future clinical applications and opening questions of liquid biopsy in different oncological settings, with particular attention to ctDNA liquid biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Caputo
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Martini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grant BM, Pugh TJ, Oza AM. Molecular Monitoring in Endometrial Cancer-Ready for Prime Time? Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:305-308. [PMID: 36354753 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Efforts are under way to define the role of minimally invasive strategies for molecular monitoring and risk stratification in endometrial cancer. A recent publication aims to define the association between circulating tumor DNA level and disease stage in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer and determine whether sequencing of longitudinal cell-free DNA samples can be used for disease monitoring and detection of progression or recurrence. These results accelerate the current knowledge of molecular follow-up in endometrial cancer. See related article by Ashley et al., p. 410.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Grant
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ashley CW, Selenica P, Patel J, Wu M, Nincevic J, Lakhman Y, Zhou Q, Shah RH, Berger MF, Da Cruz Paula A, Brown DN, Marra A, Iasonos A, Momeni-Boroujeni A, Alektiar KM, Roche KL, Zivanovic O, Mueller JJ, Zamarin D, Broach VA, Sonoda Y, Leitao MM, Friedman CF, Jewell E, Reis-Filho JS, Ellenson LH, Aghajanian C, Abu-Rustum NR, Cadoo K, Weigelt B. High-Sensitivity Mutation Analysis of Cell-Free DNA for Disease Monitoring in Endometrial Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:410-421. [PMID: 36007103 PMCID: PMC9852004 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine whether sequencing analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with prospectively accrued endometrial cancer captures the mutational repertoire of the primary lesion and allows for disease monitoring. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peripheral blood was prospectively collected from 44 newly diagnosed patients with endometrial cancer over a 24-month period (i.e., baseline, postsurgery, every 6 months after). DNA from the primary endometrial cancers was subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 468 cancer-related genes, and cfDNA to a high-depth NGS assay of 129 genes with molecular barcoding. Sequencing data were analyzed using validated bioinformatics methods. RESULTS cfDNA levels correlated with surgical stage in endometrial cancers, with higher levels of cfDNA being present in advanced-stage disease. Mutations in cfDNA at baseline were detected preoperatively in 8 of 36 (22%) patients with sequencing data, all of whom were diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, high tumor volume, and/or aggressive histologic type. Of the 38 somatic mutations identified in the primary tumors also present in the cfDNA assay, 35 (92%) and 38 (100%) were detected at baseline and follow-up, respectively. In 6 patients with recurrent disease, changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fraction/variant allele fractions in cfDNA during follow-up closely mirrored disease progression and therapy response, with a lead time over clinically detected recurrence in two cases. The presence of ctDNA at baseline (P < 0.001) or postsurgery (P = 0.014) was significantly associated with reduced progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS cfDNA sequencing analysis in patients with endometrial cancer at diagnosis has prognostic value, and serial postsurgery cfDNA analysis enables disease and treatment response monitoring. See related commentary by Grant et al., p. 305.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Ashley
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Current address: Department of OB/GYN, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juber Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Wu
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josip Nincevic
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yulia Lakhman
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronak H Shah
- Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Marra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Momeni-Boroujeni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaled M. Alektiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Long Roche
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Zivanovic
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Mueller
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vance A Broach
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukio Sonoda
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario M. Leitao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire F. Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jewell
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S. Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Current address: HOPe Directorate, St. James’s Hospital Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Trinitiy St. James’s Cancer Institute
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen Y, Shi R, Zhao R, Wang H. Clinical application of liquid biopsy in endometrial carcinoma. Med Oncol 2023; 40:92. [PMID: 36757457 PMCID: PMC9911505 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignant tumor in women, and its morbidity and mortality have been rising in recent years. Over the past two decades, the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for endometrial cancer have not significantly improved, and reliable biomarkers for detecting and monitoring EC recurrence and progression remain limited. Tumor genome analysis identified molecular alterations related to the growth and progression of endometrial cancer, but these data are incomplete. Recently, through extensive exploration of liquid biopsy, it has been determined that circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA can lay a foundation for real-time and non-invasive monitoring of tumors and provide novel insights into cancer evolution, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, this review aimed to analyze the value of liquid biopsy in endometrial cancer screening, early diagnosis, treatment response, and prognosis monitoring in order to prolong the survival time of EC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Health Management Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei China
| | - Rui Shi
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Rong Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Jianghan, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identifying the minimum concentrations of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal blood required for bovine fetal sexing using PCR. Theriogenology 2022; 191:192-199. [PMID: 35998402 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility of cffDNA extraction from the maternal blood samples regarding the threshold concentrations required for fetal sexing in pregnant cattle by PCR. In four trials, we 1) compared the extraction efficiency of seven methods using freshly harvested plasma/blood of cows carrying male fetii (150-240 d gestation) bovine amelogenin (bAML) and Y-specific gene sequences, 2) identified the minimum amounts of spiked cffDNA needed for a PCR for fetal sexing, 3) determined the most optimal protocol among three commercial kits for cffDNA extraction from neat and spiked plasma samples (181-240 d gestation) for PCR detection of Y-specific sequence and 4) tested Y-specific sequence PCR on pregnant cows at different stages of gestation (60-150 versus 151-240 d pregnant). In these experiments, blood samples from unbred dairy heifers (Canadian Holstein, n = 10), pregnant dairy cows (Canadian Holstein, 60-240 d gestation, n = 25 with male fetii), and aborting beef cows (Angus cross, n = 5, 100-150 d pregnant) were used for DNA extraction, spiking, and PCR. Extracted DNA from the blood samples of unbred heifers (n = 5) and bull calves (n = 5) served as controls in all trials. In the first trial, DNeasy Blood and Tissue, Qiagen DSP Virus, and NucleoMag cfDNA isolation kits were relatively successful among seven methods to isolate cffDNA from freshly harvested maternal plasma/blood of pregnant cows. In trial 2, using serial dilutions of cffDNA from male fetii spiked in cow plasma samples, a positive and unambiguous detection by PCR targeting Y-specific sequence and bAML gene was observed when spiked cffDNA concentration in plasma was >31.3 pg/ml and >2 ng/ml, respectively. In the third trial, the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit was most successful in extracting cffDNA spiked at the minimum concentrations in maternal plasma and subsequent PCR for Y-specific sequence. In our fourth trial, more cows in the second half (9/10) of gestation showed a positive Y-specific PCR outcome than those in the first half (3/9, Fischer's exact test; P < 0.05, 90%; CI: 55.5-99.75 vs 33%; CI: 7.5-70.1). In conclusion, we observed variability between different DNA extraction methodologies and stages of gestation results in the PCR for prenatal sexing. Thus, the current PCR methodologies are unreliable for detecting cffDNA in pregnant cows. Additionally, ≥10 (≥31.3 pg/ml of cffDNA) and ≥648 (≥2 ng/ml of cffDNA) copies of the whole fetal genome in bovine maternal plasma are needed for Y-specific PCR and bAML PCR, respectively.
Collapse
|
16
|
Karkia R, Wali S, Payne A, Karteris E, Chatterjee J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Liquid Biomarkers for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194666. [PMID: 36230588 PMCID: PMC9563808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer rates are increasing annually due to an aging population and rising rates of obesity. Currently there is no widely available, accurate, non-invasive test that can be used to triage women for diagnostic biopsy whilst safely reassuring healthy women without the need for invasive assessment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate studies assessing blood and urine-based biomarkers as a replacement test for endometrial biopsy or as a triage test in symptomatic women. For each primary study, the diagnostic accuracy of different biomarkers was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and area under ROC curve. Forest plots of summary statistics were constructed for biomarkers which were assessed by multiple studies using data from a random-effect models. All but one study was of blood-based biomarkers. In total, 15 studies reported 29 different exosomal biomarkers; 34 studies reported 47 different proteomic biomarkers. Summary statistic meta-analysis was reported for micro-RNAs, cancer antigens, hormones, and other proteomic markers. Metabolites and circulating tumor materials were also summarized. For the majority of biomarkers, no meta-analysis was possible. There was a low number of small, heterogeneous studies for the majority of evaluated index tests. This may undermine the reliability of summary estimates from the meta-analyses. At present there is no liquid biopsy that is ready to be used as a replacement test for endometrial biopsy. However, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study to report and meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of different classes of blood and urine biomarkers for detection of endometrial cancer. This review may thus provide a reference guide for those wishing to explore candidate biomarkers for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Karkia
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Brunel Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah Wali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea & Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Annette Payne
- Brunel Department of Computational Science, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Brunel Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Brunel Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Improving the Management of Endometrial Cancer Patients through the Use of Liquid Biopsy Analyses: A Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158539. [PMID: 35955673 PMCID: PMC9369153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 4th most common neoplasm of the female genital tract, with 15–20% of patients being of high risk of recurrence which leads to a significant decrease in patient survival. Current therapeutic options for patients with EC are poor, being the combined therapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel the standard of care, with limited efficacy. Therefore, new therapeutic options and better monitoring tools are needed to improve the management of the disease. In the current case report, we showcase the value of liquid biopsy analyses in a microsatellite instability EC patient with initially good prognosis that however underwent rapid progression disease within 6 months post-surgery; through the study of plasma cfDNA/ctDNA dynamics to assess the tumour evolution during treatment, as well as the study of the uterine aspirate as a valuable sample that captures the intra-tumour heterogeneity that allows a comprehensive genomic profiling of the disease to identify potential therapeutic options. Furthermore, preclinical models were generated at the time of tumour progression to assess the efficacy of the identified targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abdollahi A, Shokouhmand H. Electrokinetic separation of cfDNA in insulator-based dielectrophoresis systems: a linear model of cfDNA and investigation of effective parameters. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:355101. [PMID: 35381587 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive numerical simulation was done to investigate the electrokinetic translocation of cfDNA molecule as well as the possibility of its detection and separation in insulator based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) systems. Modeling was done for the first time by solving the Poisson equation for the electrical potential, Naiver-Stokes (NS) equation for the fluid flow and energy equation for the heat transfer in the system and considering a coarse-grained bead-spring model to describe the conformational and geometrical changes of cfDNA molecule. The effect of the geometrical parameters of the system, the initial orientation of the molecule, electrical conductivity of the solution and zeta potential of the wall was investigated on the translocation and the minimum voltage required for cfDNA trapping. When the ratio of the inlet height to the constriction zone height is large enough, cfDNA molecules cannot pass through the nanopore and trap in the constriction zone. Also, it was found that the electrical conductivity of the solution is a limiting parameter to directly isolate cfDNA from pure plasma without dilution due to significant increase in the temperature of the system. Our results demonstrate the enormous potential of iDEP systems for rapid detection of cfDNA from diluted plasma under special electrical potential and geometrical parameters of the iDEP systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azita Abdollahi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, PO Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shokouhmand
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, PO Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Njoku K, Barr CE, Crosbie EJ. Current and Emerging Prognostic Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890908. [PMID: 35530346 PMCID: PMC9072738 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in high income countries and its incidence is rising. Whilst most women with endometrial cancer are diagnosed with highly curable disease and have good outcomes, a significant minority present with adverse clinico-pathological characteristics that herald a poor prognosis. Prognostic biomarkers that reliably select those at greatest risk of disease recurrence and death can guide management strategies to ensure that patients receive appropriate evidence-based and personalised care. The Cancer Genome Atlas substantially advanced our understanding of the molecular diversity of endometrial cancer and informed the development of simplified, pragmatic and cost-effective classifiers with prognostic implications and potential for clinical translation. Several blood-based biomarkers including proteins, metabolites, circulating tumour cells, circulating tumour DNA and inflammatory parameters have also shown promise for endometrial cancer risk assessment. This review provides an update on the established and emerging prognostic biomarkers in endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chloe E. Barr
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Emma J. Crosbie,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ronchetti L, Terrenato I, Ferretti M, Corrado G, Goeman F, Donzelli S, Mandoj C, Merola R, Zampa A, Carosi M, Blandino G, Conti L, Lobascio AM, Iacobelli M, Vizza E, Piaggio G, Gurtner A. Circulating cell free DNA and citrullinated histone H3 as useful biomarkers of NETosis in endometrial cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:151. [PMID: 35449078 PMCID: PMC9027343 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer mortality is mainly caused by organ failure and thrombotic events. It has been demonstrated that NETosis, a chromatin release mechanism implemented by neutrophils, may contribute to these lethal systemic effects. Our aim was to investigate NETosis biomarkers in endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS The experiments were conducted on 21 healthy subjects (HS) with no gynecological conditions, and on 63 EC patients. To assess the presence of NETosis features, IHC and IF was performed using antibodies against citrullinated histone H3 (citH3), neutrophil elastase (NE) and histone 2B. Serum levels of cell free DNA (cfDNA), cell free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) and citH3 were measured by qPCR using one microliter of deactivated serum, and by ELISA assay respectively. Fragmentation pattern of serum cfDNA was analyzed using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and High Sensitivity DNA Chips. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify a cut off for cfDNA and cfmtDNA values able to discriminate between ECs and HSs. Correlation analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) between cfDNA, mtcfDNA, citH3 and blood parameters were used to identify the potential association among serum parameters in EC grades. RESULTS We demonstrated the presence of NETosis features in tissues from all EC grades. Serum cfDNA and cfmtDNA levels discriminate ECs from HSs and a direct correlation between citH3 and cfDNA content and an inverse correlation between cfmtDNA and citH3 in EC sera was observed, not detectable in HSs. MCA indicates cfDNA, cfmtDNA and citH3 as features associated to G1 and G2 grades. A correlation between increased levels of cfDNA, citH3 and inflammation features was found. Finally, serum nucleosomal cfDNA fragmentation pattern varies in EC sera and correlates with increased levels of cfDNA, citH3, lymphocytes and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the occurrence of NETosis in EC and indicate serum cfDNA and citH3 as noninvasive biomarkers of tumor-induced systemic effects in endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Ronchetti
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Clinical Trial Center - Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferretti
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Department of Women and Children Health, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Donzelli
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Merola
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashanti Zampa
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomics and Epigenetics Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lobascio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Iacobelli
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Cheng L, Wang G, Lv J, He Y, Shao PL, Hu R, Xiao H, Tang J, Niu D, Yang J, Tang Z, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Song K, Wu B, Zhang B. A nano-magnetic size selective cfDNA extraction platform for liquid biopsy with enhanced precision. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1199:123236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Piñeiro-Pérez R, Abal M, Muinelo-Romay L. Liquid Biopsy for Monitoring EC Patients: Towards Personalized Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1405. [PMID: 35326558 PMCID: PMC8946652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries and its incidence shows an increasing trend. Fortunately, the prognosis of the disease is good when the tumour is diagnosed in an early phase, but some patients recur after surgery and develop distant metastasis. The therapy options for EC for advanced disease are more limited than for other tumours. Therefore, the application of non-invasive strategies to anticipate the recurrence of localized tumours and guide the treatment in advanced stages represents a clear requirement to improve the survival and quality of life of patients with EC. To achieve this desired precision oncology, it is necessary to invest in the identification and validation of circulating markers that allow a more effective stratification and monitoring of patients. We here review the main advances made for the evaluation of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs), and other non-invasive biomarkers as a monitoring tool in the context of localized and advanced endometrial tumours, with the aim of providing a global perspective of the achievements and the key areas in which the use of these markers can be developed into a real clinical tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Piñeiro-Pérez
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stawski R, Nowak D, Perdas E. Cell-Free DNA: Potential Application in COVID-19 Diagnostics and Management. Viruses 2022; 14:321. [PMID: 35215914 PMCID: PMC8880801 DOI: 10.3390/v14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
WHO has declared COVID-19 as a worldwide, public health emergency. The elderly, pregnant women, and people with associated co-morbidities, including pulmonary disease, heart failure, diabetes, and cancer are the most predisposed population groups to infection. Cell-free DNA is a very commonly applied marker, which is elevated in various pathological conditions. However, it has a much higher sensitivity than standard biochemical markers. cfDNA appears to be an effective marker of COVID-19 complications, and also serves as a marker of certain underlying health conditions and risk factors of severe illness during COVID-19 infection. We aimed to present the possible mechanisms and sources of cfDNA released during moderate and severe infections. Moreover, we attempt to verify how efficiently cfDNA increase could be applied in COVID-19 risk assessment and how it corresponds with epidemiological data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Perdas
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cushen SC, Ricci CA, Bradshaw JL, Silzer T, Blessing A, Sun J, Zhou Z, Scroggins SM, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Phillips NR, Goulopoulou S. Reduced Maternal Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated With the Development of Preeclampsia. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021726. [PMID: 35014857 PMCID: PMC9238514 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that reflects cell stress responses and tissue damage, but little is known about ccf-mtDNA in preeclampsia. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) absolute concentrations of ccf-mtDNA in plasma and mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and (2) forms of ccf-mtDNA transport in blood from women with preeclampsia and healthy controls. In addition, we sought to establish the association between aberrance in circulating DNA-related metrics, including ccf-mtDNA and DNA clearance mechanisms, and the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia using bootstrapped penalized logistic regression. Methods and Results Absolute concentrations of ccf-mtDNA were reduced in plasma from women with preeclampsia compared with healthy controls (P≤0.02), while mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not differ between groups (P>0.05). While the pattern of reduced ccf-mtDNA in patients with preeclampsia remained, DNA isolation from plasma using membrane lysis buffer resulted in 1000-fold higher ccf-mtDNA concentrations in the preeclampsia group (P=0.0014) and 430-fold higher ccf-mtDNA concentrations in the control group (P<0.0001). Plasma from women with preeclampsia did not induce greater Toll-like receptor-9-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells-dependent responses in human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing the human TLR-9 gene (P>0.05). Penalized regression analysis showed that women with preeclampsia were more likely to have lower concentrations of ccf-mtDNA as well as higher concentrations of nuclear DNA and DNase I compared with their matched controls. Conclusions Women with preeclampsia have aberrant circulating DNA dynamics, including reduced ccf-mtDNA concentrations and DNA clearance mechanisms, compared with gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Cushen
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Contessa A Ricci
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Talisa Silzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Alexandra Blessing
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Sabrina M Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abouali H, Hosseini SA, Purcell E, Nagrath S, Poudineh M. Recent Advances in Device Engineering and Computational Analysis for Characterization of Cell-Released Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:288. [PMID: 35053452 PMCID: PMC8774172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During cancer progression, tumors shed different biomarkers into the bloodstream, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The analysis of these biomarkers in the blood, known as 'liquid biopsy' (LB), is a promising approach for early cancer detection and treatment monitoring, and more recently, as a means for cancer therapy. Previous reviews have discussed the role of CTCs and ctDNA in cancer progression; however, ctDNA and EVs are rapidly evolving with technological advancements and computational analysis and are the subject of enormous recent studies in cancer biomarkers. In this review, first, we introduce these cell-released cancer biomarkers and briefly discuss their clinical significance in cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Second, we present conventional and novel approaches for the isolation, profiling, and characterization of these markers. We then investigate the mathematical and in silico models that are developed to investigate the function of ctDNA and EVs in cancer progression. We convey our views on what is needed to pave the way to translate the emerging technologies and models into the clinic and make the case that optimized next-generation techniques and models are needed to precisely evaluate the clinical relevance of these LB markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Abouali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (H.A.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Seied Ali Hosseini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (H.A.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA; (E.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA; (E.P.); (S.N.)
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (H.A.); (S.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mabwa D, Gajjar K, Furniss D, Schiemer R, Crane R, Fallaize C, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL, Kypraios T, Seddon AB, Phang S. Mid-infrared spectral classification of endometrial cancer compared to benign controls in serum or plasma samples. Analyst 2021; 146:5631-5642. [PMID: 34378554 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a discrimination of endometrial cancer versus (non-cancerous) benign controls based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy of dried plasma or serum liquid samples. A detailed evaluation was performed using four discriminant methods (LDA, QDA, kNN or SVM) to execute the classification task. The discriminant methods used in the study comprised methods that are widely used in the statistics (LDA and QDA) and machine learning literature (kNN and SVM). Of particular interest, is the impact of discrimination when presented with spectral data from a section of the bio-fingerprint region (1430 cm-1 to 900 cm-1) in contrast to the more extended bio-fingerprint region used here (1800 cm-1 to 900 cm-1). Quality metrics used were the misclassification rate, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC). For plasma (with spectral data ranging from 1430 cm-1 to 900 cm-1), the best performing classifier was kNN, which achieved a sensitivity, specificity and MCC of 0.865 ± 0.043, 0.865 ± 0.023 and 0.762 ± 0.034, respectively. For serum (in the same wavenumber range), the best performing classifier was LDA, achieving a sensitivity, specificity and MCC of 0.899 ± 0.023, 0.763 ± 0.048 and 0.664 ± 0.067, respectively. For plasma (with spectral data ranging from 1800 cm-1 to 900 cm-1), the best performing classifier was SVM, with a sensitivity, specificity and MCC of 0.993 ± 0.010, 0.815 ± 0.000 and 0.815 ± 0.010, respectively. For serum (in the same wavenumber range), QDA performed best achieving a sensitivity, specificity and MCC of 0.852 ± 0.023, 0.700 ± 0.162 and 0.557 ± 0.012, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that even when a section of the bio-fingerprint region has been removed, good classification of endometrial cancer versus non-cancerous controls is still maintained. These findings suggest the potential of a MIR screening tool for endometrial cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mabwa
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics' Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Ketankumar Gajjar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust - City Campus, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - David Furniss
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics' Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Roberta Schiemer
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust - City Campus, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Richard Crane
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics' Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Christopher Fallaize
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | - Theordore Kypraios
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Angela B Seddon
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics' Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Sendy Phang
- Mid-Infrared Photonics Group, George Green Institute for Electromagnetics' Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohd Khair SZN, Abd Radzak SM, Mohamed Yusoff AA. The Uprising of Mitochondrial DNA Biomarker in Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7675269. [PMID: 34326906 PMCID: PMC8302403 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7675269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases, the progression of which demands an accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations of the human nuclear genome or possibly in the mitochondrial genome as well. Despite modern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to battle cancer, there are still serious concerns about the increase in death from cancer globally. Recently, a growing number of researchers have extensively focused on the burgeoning area of biomarkers development research, especially in noninvasive early cancer detection. Intergenomic cross talk has triggered researchers to expand their studies from nuclear genome-based cancer researches, shifting into the mitochondria-mediated associations with carcinogenesis. Thus, it leads to the discoveries of established and potential mitochondrial biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity. The research field of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) biomarkers has the great potential to confer vast benefits for cancer therapeutics and patients in the future. This review seeks to summarize the comprehensive insights of nuclear genome cancer biomarkers and their usage in clinical practices, the intergenomic cross talk researches that linked mitochondrial dysfunction to carcinogenesis, and the current progress of mitochondrial cancer biomarker studies and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muslihah Abd Radzak
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ronchetti L, Boubaker NS, Barba M, Vici P, Gurtner A, Piaggio G. Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: not only catching microbes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:231. [PMID: 34261496 PMCID: PMC8281578 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells circulating throughout the bloodstream and are often considered the frontline defenders in innate immunity. However, neutrophils are increasingly being recognized as having an important role in tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis due to their aberrant activation by molecules released into the tumor microenvironment. One defensive response of neutrophils that is aberrantly triggered during the neoplastic process is called NETosis, where activated neutrophils expel their DNA and intracellular contents in a web-like structure known as a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). In cancer, NETosis has been linked to increased disease progression, metastasis, and complications such as venous thromboembolism. NET structures released by neutrophils can also serve as a scaffold for clot formation, shining new light on the role of neutrophils and NETosis in coagulation-mediated diseases. Here, we review current available knowledge regarding NET and the related NETosis process in cancer patients, with an emphasis on pre-clinical and clinical data fostering the identification and validation of biomarkers of NET with a predictive/prognostic role in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy agents. NETosis biomarkers, e.g., citH3, may integrate correlates of immunogenicity currently available (e.g., PD-L1 expression, TMB, TILs) and help select the subsets of patients who may most benefit from the use of the therapeutic weapons under discussion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Ronchetti
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Nouha Setti Boubaker
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of proteins engineering and bioactive molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tunis (INSAT), The University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rosa H, Malik AN. Accurate Measurement of Cellular and Cell-Free Circulating Mitochondrial DNA Content from Human Blood Samples Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:247-268. [PMID: 34080155 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Changes in circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are widely used to indicate mitochondrial dysfunction in common non-genetic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role. However, the methodology being used is not always specific and reproducible, and most studies use whole blood rather than evaluating cellular and cell-free mtDNA separately. Cellular mtDNA is contained within the mitochondrion and encodes vital subunits of the OXPHOS machinery. Conversely, cell-free mtDNA can have harmful effects, triggering inflammatory responses and potentially contributing to pathogenic processes. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to accurately measure the amount of cellular and cell-free human mtDNA in peripheral blood. Absolute quantification is carried out using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify cellular mtDNA, measured as the mitochondrial genome to nuclear genome ratio (designated the Mt/N ratio) in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the number of mtDNA copies per μL in plasma and serum. We describe how to (1) separate whole blood into PBMCs, plasma, and serum fractions, (2) prepare DNA from each of these fractions, (3) prepare dilution standards for absolute quantification, (4) carry out qPCR for either relative or absolute quantification from test samples, (5) analyze qPCR data, and (6) calculate the sample size to adequately power studies. The protocol presented here is suitable for high-throughput use and can be modified to quantify mtDNA from other body fluids, human cells, and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lefèvre AC, Pallisgaard N, Kronborg C, Wind KL, Krag SRP, Spindler KLG. The Clinical Value of Measuring Circulating HPV DNA during Chemo-Radiotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102451. [PMID: 34070045 PMCID: PMC8158133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is investigated in various cancers. In squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is found in around 90% of cases and here, plasma HPV (pHPV) can be used as ctDNA. Preliminary data have proved the ability to detect pHPV16 and -18 in SCCA. We have developed a highly sensitive method for measurement of six relevant pHPV subtypes, to investigate the elimination pattern of pHPV during chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) for SCCA and its clinical value. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients treated at Aarhus University Hospital from 2016-2020 were included. P16 status in the primary biopsy was measured and 82% of patients had P16 positive tumor. Blood samples were collected prior to treatment (PT), mid treatment (MT), end of therapy (EOT), and during follow-up (FU). An in-house multiplex digital droplet PCR method measured pHPV subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 51, 58. RESULTS Samples from 88 patients were drawn PT (n = 73), MT (n = 72), EOT (n = 64) and during FU (n = 41). Plasma HPV was detectable in 52 patients and PT pHPV levels correlated to tumor stages. Three elimination patterns were observed during CRT with correlation to outcome: fast responders with no local or distant failures (0/12); slow responders with high risk of local failures (4/20), no distant failures; persistent molecular responders with high risk of distant failures (4/13), but no local failures, p < 0.01. CONCLUSION During CRT, pHPV can divide patients with SCCA into three groups with significantly different risk of failure. The use of pHPV can potentially assist in clinical treatment decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Lefèvre
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (A.C.L.); (K.L.W.)
| | - Niels Pallisgaard
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | | | - Karen L. Wind
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (A.C.L.); (K.L.W.)
| | - Søren R. P. Krag
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Karen-Lise G. Spindler
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; (A.C.L.); (K.L.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
O'Flynn H, Jones E, Njoku K, Rana D, Shelton D, Narine N, Ramchander NC, Patel V, Walter FM, Walsh T, Crosbie EJ. Cytology for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in symptomatic women. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena O'Flynn
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Eleanor Jones
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester ; Manchester UK
| | - Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Durgesh Rana
- Cytopathology; Manchester University Foundation Trust ; Manchester UK
| | - David Shelton
- Cytopathology; Manchester University Foundation Trust ; Manchester UK
| | - Nadira Narine
- Cytopathology; Manchester University Foundation Trust ; Manchester UK
| | - Neal C Ramchander
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Vaishali Patel
- Division of Cancer Sciences; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Fiona M Walter
- Public Health & Primary Care; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Role of Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083838. [PMID: 33917194 PMCID: PMC8068079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) represent the two most common clinical cardiac diseases, characterized by angina, arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and cardiac dysfunction, significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and posing a heavy socio-economic burden on society worldwide. Current treatments of these two diseases are mainly symptomatic and lack efficacy. There is thus an urgent need to develop novel therapies based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative DNA damage might be a major underlying mechanism that promotes a variety of cardiac diseases, including AF and IHD. Antioxidants, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) boosters, and enzymes involved in oxidative DNA repair processes have been shown to attenuate oxidative damage to DNA, making them potential therapeutic targets for AF and IHD. In this review, we first summarize the main molecular mechanisms responsible for oxidative DNA damage and repair both in nuclei and mitochondria, then describe the effects of oxidative DNA damage on the development of AF and IHD, and finally discuss potential targets for oxidative DNA repair-based therapeutic approaches for these two cardiac diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Toledano-Fonseca M, Cano MT, Inga E, Gómez-España A, Guil-Luna S, García-Ortiz MV, Mena-Osuna R, De la Haba-Rodriguez JR, Rodríguez-Ariza A, Aranda E. The Combination of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio with Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers Improves Prognosis Prediction in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061210. [PMID: 33802006 PMCID: PMC7998484 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with a highly inflammatory microenvironment and liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising tool for the noninvasive analysis of this tumor. In this study, plasma was obtained from 58 metastatic PDAC patients, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentration, and circulating RAS mutation were determined. We found that NLR was significantly associated with both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Remarkably, NLR was an independent risk factor for poor OS. Moreover, NLR and PLR positively correlated, and combination of both inflammatory markers significantly improved the prognostic stratification of metastatic PDAC patients. NLR also showed a positive correlation with cfDNA levels and RAS mutant allelic fraction (MAF). Besides, we found that neutrophil activation contributed to cfDNA content in the plasma of metastatic PDAC patients. Finally, a multi-parameter prognosis model was designed by combining NLR, PLR, cfDNA levels, RAS mutation, RAS MAF, and CA19-9, which performs as a promising tool to predict the prognosis of metastatic PDAC patients. In conclusion, our study supports the idea that the use of systemic inflammatory markers along with circulating tumor-specific markers may constitute a valuable tool for the clinical management of metastatic PDAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toledano-Fonseca
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
| | - M. Teresa Cano
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Inga
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Gómez-España
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Guil-Luna
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
| | - María Victoria García-Ortiz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
| | - Rafael Mena-Osuna
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
| | - Juan R. De la Haba-Rodriguez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.T.-F.); (S.G.-L.); (M.V.G.-O.); (R.M.-O.); (J.R.D.l.H.-R.); (E.A.)
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (M.T.C.); (E.I.); (A.G.-E.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Njoku K, Campbell AE, Geary B, MacKintosh ML, Derbyshire AE, Kitson SJ, Sivalingam VN, Pierce A, Whetton AD, Crosbie EJ. Metabolomic Biomarkers for the Detection of Obesity-Driven Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040718. [PMID: 33578729 PMCID: PMC7916512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer is the commonest cancer of the female genital tract and obesity is its main modifiable risk factor. Over 80% of endometrial cancers develop in the context of obesity-induced metabolic changes. This study focuses on the potential of plasma-based metabolites to enable the early detection of endometrial cancer in a cohort of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Specific lipid metabolites including phospholipids and sphingolipids (sphingomyelins) demonstrated good accuracy for the detection of endometrial cancer, especially when combined in a diagnostic model. This study advances our knowledge of the role of metabolomics in endometrial cancer and provides a basis for the minimally invasive screening of women with elevated BMI. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Early detection is key to ensuring good outcomes but a lack of minimally invasive screening tools is a significant barrier. Most endometrial cancers are obesity-driven and develop in the context of severe metabolomic dysfunction. Blood-derived metabolites may therefore provide clinically relevant biomarkers for endometrial cancer detection. In this study, we analysed plasma samples of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and endometrioid endometrial cancer (cases, n = 67) or histologically normal endometrium (controls, n = 69), using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Eighty percent of the samples were randomly selected to serve as a training set and the remaining 20% were used to qualify test performance. Robust predictive models (AUC > 0.9) for endometrial cancer detection based on artificial intelligence algorithms were developed and validated. Phospholipids were of significance as biomarkers of endometrial cancer, with sphingolipids (sphingomyelins) discriminatory in post-menopausal women. An algorithm combining the top ten performing metabolites showed 92.6% prediction accuracy (AUC of 0.95) for endometrial cancer detection. These results suggest that a simple blood test could enable the early detection of endometrial cancer and provide the basis for a minimally invasive screening tool for women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi Njoku
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Amy E. Campbell
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Bethany Geary
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Michelle L. MacKintosh
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Abigail E. Derbyshire
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sarah J. Kitson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Vanitha N. Sivalingam
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Palatine Road, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK;
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.E.C.); (B.G.)
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Palatine Road, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK;
- Correspondence: (A.D.W.); (E.J.C.); Tel.: +44-161-275-0038 (A.D.W.); +44-161-701-6942 (E.J.C.)
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, St Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (K.N.); (M.L.M.); (A.E.D.); (S.J.K.); (V.N.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Correspondence: (A.D.W.); (E.J.C.); Tel.: +44-161-275-0038 (A.D.W.); +44-161-701-6942 (E.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bryzgunova OE, Konoshenko MY, Laktionov PP. Concentration of cell-free DNA in different tumor types. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 21:63-75. [PMID: 33270495 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1860021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulates in the blood for a long time. The levels of cfDNA in the blood are assayed in cancer diagnostics because they are closely related to the tumor burden of patients.Areas covered: cfDNA escapes the action of DNA-hydrolyzing enzymes, being a part of supramolecular complexes or interacting with the plasma membrane of blood cells. cfDNA has heterogeneous size and composition, which impose various restrictions on both isolation methods and subsequent analysis. cfDNA concentration and structural changes with the development of diseases highlight the high potential of cfDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. The concentration of cfDNA released in the blood by tumor cells determines the specificity of such diagnostics and the required blood volume. The present review aimed to synthesize the available data on cfDNA concentration in the cancer patient's blood as well as pre-analytical, analytical, and biological factors, which interfere with cfDNA concentration.Expert opinion: The concentration of cfDNA and tumor cell DNA (ctDNA), and the over-presentation of DNA loci in cfDNA must be considered when looking for tumor markers. Some inconsistent data on cfDNA concentrations (like those obtained by different methods) suggest that the study of cfDNA should be continued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gressel GM, Maggi EC, Harmon BE, Ye KQ, Kuo DYS, Dolan SM, Montagna C. Low molecular weight serum cell-free DNA concentration is associated with clinicopathologic indices of poor prognosis in women with uterine cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:323. [PMID: 32854748 PMCID: PMC7457235 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) holds promise as a non-invasive cancer biomarker. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of cfDNA concentration with clinicopathologic variables of poor prognosis and overall survival among women with uterine cancer compared to benign cancer-free controls. Methods cfDNA was extracted from the serum of 91 women with multiple uterine cancer histologies and 22 post-menopausal controls without cancer. Low molecular weight (LMW) cfDNA was separated from contaminating genomic high molecular weight cfDNA using paramagnetic bead purification and its concentration was measured using fluorometric quantification. Clinicopathologic data was abstracted from the electronic medical record. The association between serum cfDNA concentration, clinicopathologic variables, and overall survival was assessed using linear regression modelling, Cox proportional hazards modelling, and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Median total serum cfDNA concentration for the cohort was 69.2 ng/mL (IQR 37.4, 132.3) and median LMW cfDNA concentration was 23.8 ng/mL (IQR 14.9, 44.4). There were no significant differences in total serum cfDNA concentration with any clinicopathologic variables. However, LMW cfDNA concentration was significantly higher in serum of women with cancer (25.8 ng/mL IQR 16.0, 49.6) compared to benign controls (15.5 ng/mL IQR 9.3, 25.8 ng/mL) (p < 0.01). It is also significantly higher among women with early stage cancer than benign controls (p < 0.01). There were also significant associations between LMW cfDNA concentration and stage of cancer (p = 0.01) and histology (p = 0.02). Patients with leiomyosarcoma and carcinosarcoma had higher cfDNA concentrations than those with endometrioid cancer. Over a median follow-up of 51.9 months, 75th percentile for overall survival for women with cancer was 24.0 months. Higher LMW cfDNA concentrations is associated with lower survival among women with cancer (p < 0.01). Conclusions Serum LMW cfDNA concentration is associated with overall survival in women with uterine cancer, and it is higher among women with uterine cancer compared to those of controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Gressel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elaine C Maggi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Price Center/Block Research Pavilion, Room 401, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Bryan E Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kenny Q Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Systems & Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - D Y S Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Siobhan M Dolan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Price Center/Block Research Pavilion, Room 401, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Liquid Biopsy is Instrumental for 3PM Dimensional Solutions in Cancer Management. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2749. [PMID: 32854390 PMCID: PMC7563444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in every four deaths is due to cancer in Europe. In view of its increasing incidence, cancer became the leading cause of death and disease burden in Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. Without essential improvements in cancer prevention, an additional 775,000 cases of annual incidence have been prognosed until 2040. Between 1995 and 2018, the direct costs of cancer doubled from EUR 52 billion to EUR 103 billion in Europe, and per capita health spending on cancer increased by 86% from EUR 105 to EUR 195 in general, whereby Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Benelux, and France spend the most on cancer care compared to other European countries. In view of the consequent severe socio-economic burden on society, the paradigm change from a reactive to a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach in the overall cancer management is essential. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) demonstrate a great potential to revise the above presented trends and to implement cost-effective healthcare that benefits the patient and society as a whole. At any stage, application of early and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services are basic pillars making 3PM particularly attractive for the patients as well as ethical and cost-effective healthcare. Optimal 3PM approach requires novel instruments such as well-designed liquid biopsy application. This review article highlights current achievements and details liquid biopsy approaches specifically in cancer management. 3PM-relevant expert recommendations are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rosa HS, Ajaz S, Gnudi L, Malik AN. A case for measuring both cellular and cell-free mitochondrial DNA as a disease biomarker in human blood. FASEB J 2020; 34:12278-12288. [PMID: 32729179 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000959rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), widely studied as a disease biomarker, comprises of mtDNA located within mitochondria, indicative of mitochondrial function, and cell-free (cf) mtDNA linked to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the ranges of, and relationship between, cellular and cf mtDNA in human blood. Whole blood from 23 controls (HC) and 20 patients with diabetes was separated into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and serum. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA copy numbers were determined using absolute quantification. Cellular mtDNA content in PBMCs was higher than in peripheral blood and a surprisingly high level of cf mtDNA was present in serum and plasma of HC, with no direct relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content within individuals. Diabetes patients had similar levels of cellular mtDNA compared to healthy participants but a significantly higher cf mtDNA content. Furthermore, only in patients with diabetes, we observed a correlation between whole blood and plasma mtDNA levels, indicating that the relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content is affected by disease status. In conclusion, when evaluating mtDNA in human blood as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, it is important to measure both cellular and cf mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Ajaz
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fendt L, Fazzini F, Weissensteiner H, Bruckmoser E, Schönherr S, Schäfer G, Losso JL, Streiter GA, Lamina C, Rasse M, Klocker H, Kofler B, Kloss-Brandstätter A, Huck CW, Kronenberg F, Laimer J. Profiling of Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy in a Prospective Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1933. [PMID: 32708892 PMCID: PMC7409097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While a shift in energy metabolism is essential to cancers, the knowledge about the involvement of the mitochondrial genome in tumorigenesis and progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still very limited. In this study, we evaluated 37 OSCC tumors and the corresponding benign mucosa tissue pairs by deep sequencing of the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). After extensive quality control, we identified 287 variants, 137 in tumor and 150 in benign samples exceeding the 1% threshold. Variant heteroplasmy levels were significantly increased in cancer compared to benign tissues (p = 0.0002). Furthermore, pairwise high heteroplasmy frequency difference variants (∆HF% > 20) with potential functional impact were increased in the cancer tissues (p = 0.024). Fourteen mutations were identified in the protein-coding region, out of which thirteen were detected in cancer and only one in benign tissue. After eight years of follow-up, the risk of mortality was higher for patients who harbored at least one ∆HF% > 20 variant in mtDNA protein-coding regions relative to those with no mutations (HR = 4.6, (95%CI = 1.3-17); p = 0.019 in primary tumor carriers). Haplogroup affiliation showed an impact on survival time, which however needs confirmation in a larger study. In conclusion, we observed a significantly higher accumulation of somatic mutations in the cancer tissues associated with a worse prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Fendt
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Federica Fazzini
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Emanuel Bruckmoser
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Private Practice, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Sebastian Schönherr
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Institute for Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Jamie Lee Losso
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Gertraud A. Streiter
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Michael Rasse
- University Hospital for Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Sechenov University, Trubetskaya Str. 8 b.2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Anita Kloss-Brandstätter
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
- Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, A-9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (L.F.); (F.F.); (H.W.); (S.S.); (J.L.L.); (G.A.S.); (C.L.); (A.K.-B.); (F.K.)
| | - Johannes Laimer
- University Hospital for Craniomaxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lefèvre AC, Kronborg C, Sørensen BS, Krag SRP, Serup-Hansen E, Spindler KLG. Measurement of circulating free DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and relation to risk factors and recurrence. Radiother Oncol 2020; 150:211-216. [PMID: 32622778 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring circulating-free-deoxyribonucleic-acid (cfDNA) has created a new framework for personalized treatment in oncology. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between cfDNA and risk factors and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). METHODS Patients treated with radiotherapy for localized SCCA were included in Aarhus, Denmark from 2016 to 2019. Serum samples from baseline, during and after therapy, were measured for the level of cfDNA in copies per mL by a direct fluorescent assay. RESULTS Eighty patients were included. Samples were available at baseline (n = 73) mid-therapy (n = 74), end-therapy (n = 67) and one-year follow-up (1Y) (n = 29). P16-positivity was found in 89% (n = 55). The median level of cfDNA was higher for P16 negative tumors (1.48) compared with the P16 positive tumors (0.90, P = 0.04). Data showed a correlation between baseline cfDNA levels and Gross Tumor Volume (R2 = 0.13, P < 0.01), and increasing levels with increasing T-stage (T1 = 0.80, T2 = 0.94, T3 = 1.11, T4 = 1.3). Higher cfDNA levels were observed in patients with poor performance status (P < 0.01). The cfDNA level decreased from baseline to mid-therapy (0.92-0.78, P < 0.01) and from baseline to 1Y (0.92-0.71, P < 0.01). Baseline levels for patients with treatment failure (n = 8) were above the 25th percentile (p = 0.05) which translates into difference in disease free survival. CONCLUSION Results indicate an association between baseline cfDNA levels and risk factors in SCCA and a low baseline level correlates to lower risk of treatment failure. Findings contribute with new knowledge of the biological role of cfDNA in SCCA and holds potential knowledge for personalized treatment of SCCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Kronborg
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Karen-Lise Garm Spindler
- Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aberrant Telomere Length in Circulating Cell-Free DNA as Possible Blood Biomarker with High Diagnostic Performance in Endometrial Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2281-2289. [PMID: 32462419 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the diagnostic performance of relative telomere length (RTL) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC). We measured RTL in cfDNA of 40 EC patients (65 ± 12 years) and 31 healthy controls (HC) (63 ± 13 years), excluding in both groups other oncologic and severe non-oncologic diseases to limit confounders. Circulating cfDNA was extracted from serum using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). After the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, telomere repeat copy number to single-gene copy number ratio was calculated. RTL in cfDNA was found to be significantly lower in EC patients than in HC (p < 0.0001). The diagnostic performance of cfDNA RTL was estimated with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, which showed a diagnostic accuracy for EC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79-0.95, p < 0.0001). The cutoff cfDNA RTL value of 2.505 (T/S copy ratio) reported a sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI: 64.35-90.95) and a specificity of 80.65% (95% CI: 62.53-92.55). Significant differences of RTL among EC stages or grades (p = 0.85 and p = 0.89, respectively) were not observed. Our results suggest that cfDNA RTL analysis may be a diagnostic tool for EC detection since the early stage, whilst its diagnostic performance seems unsatisfactory for cancer progression, staging, and grading. However, further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. In particular, future investigations should focus on high-risk patients (such as those with atypical endometrial hyperplasia) that may benefit from this tool, because TL shortening is not specific for EC and is influenced by other oncologic and non-oncologic diseases.
Collapse
|
42
|
Cell-Free Circulating Mitochondrial DNA: A Potential Blood-Based Marker for Atrial Fibrillation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051159. [PMID: 32397106 PMCID: PMC7290331 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common, progressive tachyarrhythmia is associated with serious complications, such as stroke and heart failure. Early recognition of AF, essential to prevent disease progression and therapy failure, is hampered by the lack of accurate diagnostic serum biomarkers to identify the AF stage. As we previously showed mitochondrial dysfunction to drive experimental and human AF, we evaluated whether cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA (cfc-mtDNA) represents a potential serum marker. Therefore, the levels of two mtDNA genes, COX3 and ND1, were measured in 84 control patients (C), 59 patients undergoing cardiac surgery without a history of AF (SR), 100 paroxysmal (PAF), 116 persistent (PeAF), and 20 longstanding-persistent (LS-PeAF) AF patients undergoing either cardiac surgery or AF treatment (electrical cardioversion or pulmonary vein isolation). Cfc-mtDNA levels were significantly increased in PAF patients undergoing AF treatment, especially in males and patients with AF recurrence after AF treatment. In PeAF and LS-PeAF, cfc-mtDNA levels gradually decreased. Importantly, cfc-mtDNA in serum may originate from cardiomyocytes, as in vitro tachypaced cardiomyocytes release mtDNA in the medium. The findings suggest that cfc-mtDNA is associated with AF stage, especially in males, and with patients at risk for AF recurrence after treatment.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bruno V, Corrado G, Baci D, Chiofalo B, Carosi MA, Ronchetti L, Piccione E, Albini A, Noonan DM, Piaggio G, Vizza E. Endometrial Cancer Immune Escape Mechanisms: Let Us Learn From the Fetal-Maternal Interface. Front Oncol 2020; 10:156. [PMID: 32226771 PMCID: PMC7080858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune escape mechanisms at the base of tumor progression in endometrial cancer mimic immune tolerance mechanisms occurring at the maternal-fetal interface. The biological and immunological processes behind the maternal-fetal interface are finely tuned in time and space during embryo implantation and subsequent pregnancy stages; conversely, those behind cancer progression are often aberrant. The environment composition at the maternal-fetal interface parallels the pro-tumor microenvironment identified in many cancers, pointing to the possibility for the use of the maternal-fetal interface as a model to depict immune therapeutic targets in cancer. The framework of cancer environment signatures involved in immune adaptations, precisely timed in cancer progression, could reveal a specific "immune clock" in endometrial cancer, which might guide clinicians in patient risk class assessment, diagnostic workup, management, surgical and therapeutic approach, and surveillance strategies. Here, we review studies approaching this hypothesis, focusing on what is known so far about oncofetal similarities in immunity with the idea to individualize personalized immunotherapy targets, through the downregulation of the immune escape stage or the reactivation of the pro-inflammatory processes suppressed by the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrado
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Children Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benito Chiofalo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Carosi
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Ronchetti
- Anatomy Pathology Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Piccione
- Section of Gynecology, Academic Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University Hospital, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Science and Technology Pole (PST), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Casas-Arozamena C, Díaz E, Moiola CP, Alonso-Alconada L, Ferreiros A, Abalo A, López Gil C, Oltra SS, de Santiago J, Cabrera S, Sampayo V, Bouso M, Arias E, Cueva J, Colas E, Vilar A, Gil-Moreno A, Abal M, Moreno-Bueno G, Muinelo-Romay L. Genomic Profiling of Uterine Aspirates and cfDNA as an Integrative Liquid Biopsy Strategy in Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E585. [PMID: 32098121 PMCID: PMC7073542 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer (EC) have risen in recent years, hence more precise management is needed. Therefore, we combined different types of liquid biopsies to better characterize the genetic landscape of EC in a non-invasive and dynamic manner. Uterine aspirates (UAs) from 60 patients with EC were obtained during surgery and analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Blood samples, collected at surgery, were used for cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) analyses. Finally, personalized therapies were tested in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) generated from the UAs. NGS analyses revealed the presence of genetic alterations in 93% of the tumors. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was present in 41.2% of cases, mainly in patients with high-risk tumors, thus indicating a clear association with a more aggressive disease. Accordingly, the results obtained during the post-surgery follow-up indicated the presence of ctDNA in three patients with progressive disease. Moreover, 38.9% of patients were positive for CTCs at surgery. Finally, the efficacy of targeted therapies based on the UA-specific mutational landscape was demonstrated in PDX models. Our study indicates the potential clinical applicability of a personalized strategy based on a combination of different liquid biopsies to characterize and monitor tumor evolution, and to identify targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Casas-Arozamena
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (A.A.); (J.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Eva Díaz
- Foundation MD Anderson International, C/Gómez Hemans 2, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.); (S.S.O.); (G.M.-B.)
| | - Cristian Pablo Moiola
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.M.); (S.C.); (E.C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | | | - Alba Ferreiros
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., Canton Grande 3, 15003 A Coruña, Spain; (L.A.-A.); (A.F.)
| | - Alicia Abalo
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (A.A.); (J.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Carlos López Gil
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.M.); (S.C.); (E.C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Sara S. Oltra
- Foundation MD Anderson International, C/Gómez Hemans 2, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.); (S.S.O.); (G.M.-B.)
| | - Javier de Santiago
- Department of Gynecology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Silvia Cabrera
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.M.); (S.C.); (E.C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Victoria Sampayo
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.S.); (E.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Marta Bouso
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Efigenia Arias
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.S.); (E.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Juan Cueva
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (A.A.); (J.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.M.); (S.C.); (E.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vilar
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.S.); (E.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Group in Gynecology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (C.P.M.); (S.C.); (E.C.); (A.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (A.A.); (J.C.); (M.A.)
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., Canton Grande 3, 15003 A Coruña, Spain; (L.A.-A.); (A.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Foundation MD Anderson International, C/Gómez Hemans 2, 28033 Madrid, Spain; (E.D.); (S.S.O.); (G.M.-B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Autonomic University of Madrid (UAM), Biomedical research Institute ‘Alberto Sols’ (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Trav. Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.C.-A.); (A.A.); (J.C.); (M.A.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lowes H, Pyle A, Santibanez-Koref M, Hudson G. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels in Parkinson's disease are influenced by treatment. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:10. [PMID: 32070373 PMCID: PMC7029508 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have linked circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) to human disease. In particular, reduced ccf-mtDNA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have raised the hypothesis that ccf-mtDNA could be used as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disease onset and progression. However, how a reduction of CSF ccf-mtDNA levels relates to neurodegeneration remains unclear. Many factors are likely to influence ccf-mtDNA levels, such as concomitant therapeutic treatment and comorbidities. In this study we aimed to investigate these factors, quantifying CSF ccf-mtDNA from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative in 372 PD patients and 159 matched controls at two time points. We found that ccf-mtDNA levels appear significantly reduced in PD cases when compared to matched controls and are associated with cognitive impairment. However, our data indicate that this reduction in ccf-mtDNA is also associated with the commencement, type and duration of treatment. Additionally, we found that ccf-mtDNA levels are associated with comorbidities such as depression and insomnia, however this was only significant if measured in the absence of treatment. We conclude that in PD, similar to reports in HIV and sepsis, comorbidities and treatment can both influence ccf-mtDNA homeostasis, raising the possibility that ccf-mtDNA may be useful as a biomarker for treatment response or the development of secondary phenotypes. Given that, clinically, PD manifests often decades after neurodegeneration begins, predicting who will develop disease is important. Also, identifying patients who will respond to existing treatments or develop secondary phenotypes will have increased clinical importance as PD incidence rises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lowes
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ UK
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | | | - Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Velasco A, Sanchez D, Martínez-Bueno A, Garzón-Ibáñez M, Gatius S, Ruiz-Miró M, Gonzalez-Tallada X, Llordella I, Tresserra F, Rodríguez S, Aldeguer E, Roman-Canal B, Bertran-Alamillo J, García-Peláez B, Rosell R, Molina-Vila MA, Matias-Guiu X. Detection of somatic mutations in peritoneal lavages and plasma of endometrial cancer patients: A proof-of-concept study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:277-284. [PMID: 31953839 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Although most patients are diagnosed at early stages, 15-20% will relapse despite local treatment. Presently, there are no reliable markers to identify patients with worse outcomes who may benefit from adjuvant treatments, such as chemotherapy, and liquid biopsies may be of use in this setting. Peritoneal lavages are systematically performed during endometrial surgery but little data are available about their potential as liquid biopsies. We analyzed KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in paired surgical biopsies, blood and cytology-negative peritoneal lavages in a cohort of 50 EC patients. Surgical biopsies were submitted to next-generation sequencing (NGS) while circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) purified from plasma and peritoneal lavages was analyzed for KRAS and PIK3CA hotspot mutations using a sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. NGS of biopsies revealed KRAS, PIK3CA or concomitant KRAS + PIK3CA mutations in 33/50 (66%) EC patients. Of those, 19 cases carried hotspot mutations. Quantitative PCR revealed KRAS and/or PIK3CA mutations in the lavages of 9/19 (47.4%) hotspot EC patients. In contrast, only 2/19 (10.5%) blood samples from hotspot EC patients were positive. Mutations found in cfDNA consistently matched those in paired biopsies. One of the two patients positive in plasma and lavage died in less than 6 months. In conclusion, mutational analysis in peritoneal lavages and blood from early stage EC is feasible. Further studies are warranted to determine if it might help to identify patients with worse prognosis. Human genes discussed: KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase; PIK3CA, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mayo-de-Las-Casas
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Douglas Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Garzón-Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivana Llordella
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francesc Tresserra
- Department of Pathology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Aldeguer
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Peláez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Molina-Vila
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Lleida, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
De Bruyn C, Baert T, Van den Bosch T, Coosemans A. Circulating Transcripts and Biomarkers in Uterine Tumors: Is There a Predictive Role? Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:12. [PMID: 31997106 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-0864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Uterine cancer comprises endometrial carcinoma and the uterine sarcoma. Endometrial carcinomas are the most frequent variant and have early symptoms and a solid diagnostic work up, resulting in a rather fair prognosis. However, in case of advanced stage disease and relapse, treatment options are limited and prognosis is impaired. Uterine sarcomas are rare, often lacking symptoms and no diagnostic tool for correct pre-operative diagnosis are available. Prognosis is poor. RECENT FINDINGS Circulating biomarkers as a liquid biopsy could be beneficial as a diagnostic tool in uterine sarcomas. For both carcinomas and sarcomas, circulating biomarkers could be of use in predicting early disease recurrence. This review in endometrial carcinoma and uterine sarcoma focus on circulating biomarkers; such as proteins; circulating tumor cells; circulating tumor DNA; microRNA; and immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine De Bruyn
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Thaïs Baert
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen Mitte (KEM), Essen, Germany
| | - Thierry Van den Bosch
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cell free DNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 503:145-150. [PMID: 31978408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Release of cell free DNA (cfDNA) from damaged or dead cells routinely occurs in normal physiology. Recently, cfDNA has emerged as an essential biomarker in cardiovascular disease (CVD) of potential prognostic and diagnostic significance. Within the last decade, significant research efforts have been devoted to uncovering the mechanisms mediating cfDNA release and its outcome-predicting ability. The current review focuses on the pathways for cfDNA release in myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension, and discusses implementation of cfDNA monitoring to assess the overall development of these disease states and predict future complications.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen Q, Zhang ZH, Wang S, Lang JH. Circulating Cell-Free DNA or Circulating Tumor DNA in the Management of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11517-11530. [PMID: 31920340 PMCID: PMC6938177 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s227156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal cancer of all gynecological malignancies, while endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common one. Current strategies for OC/EC diagnosis consist of the extraction of a solid tissue from the affected area. This sample enables the study of specific biomarkers and the genetic nature of the tumor. However, the tissue extraction is risky and painful for the patient and in some cases is unavailable in inaccessible tumors. Moreover, a tissue biopsy is expensive and requires a highly skilled gynecological surgery to pinpoint accurately which cannot be applied repeatedly. New alternatives that overcome these drawbacks are rising up nowadays, such as liquid biopsy. A liquid biopsy is the analysis of biomarkers in a non-solid biological tissue, mainly blood, which has remarkable advantages over the traditional method. The most studied cancer non-invasive biomarkers are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and circulating free DNA (cfDNA). These circulating biomarkers play a key role in the understanding of metastasis and tumorigenesis, which could provide a better insight into the evolution of the tumor dynamics during treatment and disease progression. Liquid biopsy is an emerging non-invasive, safe and effective method with considerable potential for clinical diagnosis and treatment management in patients with OC and EC. Analysis of cfDNA and ctDNA will provide a better characterization of biomarkers and give rise to a wide range of clinical applications, such as early detection of OC/EC, the prediction of treatment responses due to the discovery of personalized tumor-related biomarkers, and therapeutic response monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Han Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-He Lang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Since its discovery in human blood plasma about 70 years ago, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has become an attractive subject of research as noninvasive disease biomarker. The interest in clinical applications has gained an exponential increase, making it a popular and potential target in a wide range of research areas.cfDNA can be found in different body fluids, both in healthy and not healthy subjects. The recent and rapid development of new molecular techniques is promoting the study and the identification of cfDNA, holding the key to minimally invasive diagnostics, improving disease monitoring, clinical decision, and patients' outcome.cfDNA has already given a huge impact on prenatal medicine, and it could become, in the next future, the standard of care also in other fields, from oncology to transplant medicine and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Ranucci
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|