1
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Xiao W, Chen C, Chen HYH. Nitrogen deposition suppresses soil respiration by reducing global belowground activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171246. [PMID: 38402980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) indicates below-ground biological activities. Previous studies have suggested that higher nitrogen (N) deposition due to human activities exerts an increasingly negative effect on Rs. However, the mechanisms underlying this negative effect remain highly uncertain on a global scale. Using a global dataset of 262 N addition experiments, here we show the overall N addition effects on Rs changed from positive to negative with increasing N addition rate and duration. By constructing a structural equation model (SEM) that explained 41 % variation in the responses of Rs to N addition, we revealed that Rs under increasing N addition was simultaneously associated with decreases in soil pH, root biomass and microbial biomass, with the strongest influence by root biomass. Decreasing soil pH had cascading effects on root and microbial biomass, while N-addition-induced root biomass reduction further manifested a decrease in microbial biomass. Across global variations in the environment, lower background soil pH amplified the negative impacts of N addition on root and microbial biomass, which consequently exhilarated the negative impact of high N on Rs. Our results highlight that predicting the response of belowground biological activities to global changes is complex with the essence of integrative understanding for the multivariate pathways through soil physical properties, plants and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xiao
- School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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2
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Forsmark B, Bizjak T, Nordin A, Rosenstock NP, Wallander H, Gundale MJ. Shifts in microbial community composition and metabolism correspond with rapid soil carbon accumulation in response to 20 years of simulated nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170741. [PMID: 38325494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and fertilization in boreal forests frequently reduces decomposition and soil respiration and enhances C storage in the topsoil. This enhancement of the C sink can be as strong as the aboveground biomass response to N additions and has implications for the global C cycle, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that this effect would be associated with a shift in the microbial community and its activity, and particularly by fungal taxa reported to be capable of lignin degradation and organic N acquisition. We sampled the organic layer below the intact litter of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) forest in northern Sweden after 20 years of annual N additions at low (12.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and high (50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) rates. We measured microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty-acid analysis (PLFA) and ergosterol measurements and used ITS metagenomics to profile the fungal community of soil and fine-roots. We probed the metabolic activity of the soil community by measuring the activity of extracellular enzymes and evaluated its relationships with the most N responsive soil fungal species. Nitrogen addition decreased the abundance of fungal PLFA markers and changed the fungal community in humus and fine-roots. Specifically, the humus community changed in part due to a shift from Oidiodendron pilicola, Cenococcum geophilum, and Cortinarius caperatus to Tylospora fibrillosa and Russula griseascens. These microbial community changes were associated with decreased activity of Mn-peroxidase and peptidase, and an increase in the activity of C acquiring enzymes. Our results show that the rapid accumulation of C in the humus layer frequently observed in areas with high N deposition is consistent with a shift in microbial metabolism, where decomposition associated with organic N acquisition is downregulated when inorganic N forms are readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Forsmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tinkara Bizjak
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Rosenstock
- Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Zhu Q, Liu L, Liu J, Wan Y, Yang R, Mou J, He Q, Tang S, Dan X, Wu Y, Zhu T, Meng L, Elrys AS, Müller C, Zhang J. Land Use Change from Natural Tropical Forests to Managed Ecosystems Reduces Gross Nitrogen Production Rates and Increases the Soil Microbial Nitrogen Limitation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2786-2797. [PMID: 38311839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of soil microbial nitrogen (N) utilization under land use change is critical to evaluating soil N availability or limitation and its environmental consequences. A combination of soil gross N production and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry provides a promising avenue for nutrient limitation assessment in soil microbial metabolism. Gross N production via 15N tracing and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry through the vector and threshold element ratio (Vector-TER) model were quantified to evaluate the soil microbial N limitation in response to land use changes. We used tropical soil samples from a natural forest ecosystem and three managed ecosystems (paddy, rubber, and eucalyptus sites). Soil extracellular enzyme activities were significantly lower in managed ecosystems than in a natural forest. The Vector-TER model results indicated microbial carbon (C) and N limitations in the natural forest soil, and land use change from the natural forest to managed ecosystems increased the soil microbial N limitation. The soil microbial N limitation was positively related to gross N mineralization (GNM) and nitrification (GN) rates. The decrease in microbial biomass C and N as well as hydrolyzable ammonium N in managed ecosystems led to the decrease in N-acquiring enzymes, inhibiting GNM and GN rates and ultimately increasing the microbial N limitation. Soil GNM was also positively correlated with leucine aminopeptidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The results highlight that converting tropical natural forests to managed ecosystems can increase the soil microbial N limitation through reducing the soil microbial biomass and gross N production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Resource and Environment Science, Yunnan AgriculturalUniversity, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunxing Wan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ruoyan Yang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinxia Mou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qiuxiang He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xiaoqian Dan
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanzheng Wu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR and Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lei Meng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Giessen 35392, Germany
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany
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4
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Tao X, Yang Z, Feng J, Jian S, Yang Y, Bates CT, Wang G, Guo X, Ning D, Kempher ML, Liu XJA, Ouyang Y, Han S, Wu L, Zeng Y, Kuang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Shi Z, Qin W, Wang J, Firestone MK, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Experimental warming accelerates positive soil priming in a temperate grassland ecosystem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1178. [PMID: 38331994 PMCID: PMC10853207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Unravelling biosphere feedback mechanisms is crucial for predicting the impacts of global warming. Soil priming, an effect of fresh plant-derived carbon (C) on native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, is a key feedback mechanism that could release large amounts of soil C into the atmosphere. However, the impacts of climate warming on soil priming remain elusive. Here, we show that experimental warming accelerates soil priming by 12.7% in a temperate grassland. Warming alters bacterial communities, with 38% of unique active phylotypes detected under warming. The functional genes essential for soil C decomposition are also stimulated, which could be linked to priming effects. We incorporate lab-derived information into an ecosystem model showing that model parameter uncertainty can be reduced by 32-37%. Model simulations from 2010 to 2016 indicate an increase in soil C decomposition under warming, with a 9.1% rise in priming-induced CO2 emissions. If our findings can be generalized to other ecosystems over an extended period of time, soil priming could play an important role in terrestrial C cycle feedbacks and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Siyang Jian
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Colin T Bates
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xiao Jun A Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Shun Han
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yufei Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Kuang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xishu Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Mary K Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, CA, 94720, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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5
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Nazir MJ, Hussain MM, Albasher G, Iqbal B, Khan KA, Rahim R, Li G, Du D. Glucose input profit soil organic carbon mineralization and nitrogen dynamics in relation to nitrogen amended soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119715. [PMID: 38064981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous carbon (C) inputs stimulate soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, strongly influencing atmospheric concentrations and climate dynamics. The direction and magnitude of C decomposition depend on the C and nitrogen (N) addition, types and pattern. Despite the importance of decomposition, it remains unclear whether organic C input affects the SOC decomposition under different N-types (Ammonium Nitrate; AN, Urea; U and Ammonium Sulfate; AS). Therefore, we conducted an incubation experiment to assess glucose impact on N-treated soils at various levels (High N; HN: 50 mg/m2, Low N; LN: 05 mg/m2). The glucose input increased SOC mineralization by 38% and 35% under HN and LN, respectively. Moreover, it suppressed the concentration of NO3--N by 35% and NH4+-N by 15% in response to HN and LN soils, respectively. Results indicated higher respiration in Urea-treated soils and elevated net total nitrogen content (TN) in AS-treated soils. AN-amended soil exhibited no notable rise in C mineralization and TN content compared to other N-type soils. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was higher in glucose treated soils under LN conditions than control. This could result that high N suppressed microbial N mining and enhancing SOM stability by directing microbes towards accessible C sources. Our results suggest that glucose accelerated SOC mineralization in urea-added soils and TN contents in AS-amended soils, while HN levels suppressed C release and increased TN contents in all soil types except glucose-treated soils. Thus, different N-types and levels play a key role in modulating the stability of SOC over C input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Nazir
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babar Iqbal
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College and Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riffat Rahim
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Guanlin Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daolin Du
- School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Green Technology and Contingency Management for Emerging Pollutants, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Qin W, Feng J, Zhang Q, Yuan X, Zhou H, Zhu B. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition mediate soil priming effects via affecting microbial stoichiometric balance in an alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168350. [PMID: 37935262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Priming effect (PE) plays a crucial role in regulating the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). Multiple empirical results have shown that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition can significantly alter the direction and intensity of PE, which may significantly affect carbon turnover in grasslands, especially in alpine meadows that are sensitive to N and P enrichment. To evaluate the PE responses to N and/or P addition, we conducted an incubation experiment by adding 13C-labeled glucose and nutrient additions (+N, +P, and +NP) in soils collected from an alpine meadow. The soils were incubated for 30 days and soil/microbial properties and enzyme activities were measured. Partial correlation and linear regression analyses were then performed to investigate their correlations with PE. The results showed that mean PE intensity among all treatments was 0.61 mg C g-1 soil or 1.35 (ratio). Nitrogen addition increased PE intensity, which was attributed to the better match between soil resources and microbial demands and enhanced enzyme activities. However, the PE intensity in P-addition soils was lower than that in control soils. This discrepancy may be related to the P-induced decrease of N availability and stronger microbial C/N imbalance. No significant response of PE intensity to NP addition was detected, and this could be explained by the offset of positive N effects and negative P effects on microbial decomposition. In this experiment, N or P addition altered the PE intensity by mediating the match between soil C:N:P ratio and microbial demands, which supported the stoichiometric decomposition hypothesis. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the C, N and P coupling in regulating PE, and underscores the need for further investigation into the effects of soil P on microbial activity and SOM decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkuan Qin
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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7
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Vigricas E, Čiuldienė D, Armolaitis K, Valujeva K, Laiho R, Jauhiainen J, Schindler T, Bārdule A, Lazdiņš A, Butlers A, Kazanavičiūtė V, Belova O, Kamil-Sardar M, Soosaar K. Total Soil CO 2 Efflux from Drained Terric Histosols. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:139. [PMID: 38202448 PMCID: PMC10780588 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Histosols cover about 8-10% of Lithuania's territory and most of this area is covered with nutrient-rich organic soils (Terric Histosols). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from drained Histosols contribute more than 25% of emissions from the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector. In this study, as the first step of examining the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in these soils, total soil CO2 efflux and several environmental parameters (temperature of air and topsoil, soil chemical composition, soil moisture, and water table level) were measured in drained Terric Histosols under three native forest stands and perennial grasslands in the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. The drained nutrient-rich organic soils differed in terms of concentrations of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, as well as soil organic carbon and total nitrogen ratio. The highest rate of total soil CO2 efflux was found in the summer months. Overall, the rate was statistically significant and strongly correlated only with soil and air temperature. A trend emerged that total soil CO2 efflux was 30% higher in perennial grassland than in forested land. Additional work is still needed to estimate the net CO2 balance of these soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidijus Vigricas
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.V.); (K.A.); (V.K.); (O.B.)
| | - Dovilė Čiuldienė
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.V.); (K.A.); (V.K.); (O.B.)
| | - Kęstutis Armolaitis
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.V.); (K.A.); (V.K.); (O.B.)
| | - Kristine Valujeva
- Scientific Laboratory of Forest and Water Resources, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela Str. 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jyrki Jauhiainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland; (R.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Thomas Schindler
- Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia; (T.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.S.)
| | - Arta Bārdule
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas Str. 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Andis Lazdiņš
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas Str. 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Aldis Butlers
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas Str. 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Vaiva Kazanavičiūtė
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.V.); (K.A.); (V.K.); (O.B.)
| | - Olgirda Belova
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Liepų Str. 1, Girionys, LT-53101 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.V.); (K.A.); (V.K.); (O.B.)
| | - Muhammad Kamil-Sardar
- Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia; (T.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia; (T.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.S.)
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8
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Li X, Feng J, Zhang Q, Zhu B. Warming inhibits the priming effect of soil organic carbon mineralization: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166170. [PMID: 37562634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Fresh organic carbon (C) input will accelerate or inhibit the mineralization of native soil organic carbon (SOC), which is called positive or negative priming effect (PE), respectively. However, little is known about how warming affects the PE. Here, we adopted a widely-used ratio of SOC mineralization between substrate-added and unadded-control treatments to represent PE intensity and used the PE difference between ambient-control temperature and elevated temperature to indicate the effect of warming on PE (ΔPE). By conducting a meta-analysis of 146 observations from 57 independent soils worldwide, we found that experimental warming significantly decreased the PE by 0.26 (unitless). Among ecosystems, warming significantly suppressed the PE of cropland and grassland soils by 0.43 and 0.21 respectively, but did not change the PE of forest soils. Moreover, we found significant positive correlations of ΔPE with the initial soil C/N ratio and the effect size of warming on microbial biomass. Between substrate types (i.e., containing N or not), warming significantly decreased the PE induced by N-containing substrates. These results suggested that the response of PE to warming is likely regulated by soil N availability and warming-induced changes in microbial biomass. As such, we proposed a conceptual framework-the microbial N mining hypothesis dominates in soils with low C/N ratio where warming inhibits PE by promoting N mineralization, while the stoichiometric decomposition hypothesis dominates in soils with high C/N ratio where warming stimulates PE by promoting N mineralization. Collectively, these findings provide important insights into how warming affects SOC dynamics via inhibiting PE, which may weaken the positive feedback between soil C emission and climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Sieradzki ET, Nuccio EE, Pett-Ridge J, Firestone MK. Rhizosphere and detritusphere habitats modulate expression of soil N-cycling genes during plant development. mSystems 2023; 8:e0031523. [PMID: 37754554 PMCID: PMC10654102 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00315-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Plant roots modulate microbial nitrogen (N) cycling by regulating the supply of root-derived carbon and nitrogen uptake. These differences in resource availability cause distinct micro-habitats to develop: soil near living roots, decaying roots, near both, or outside the direct influence of roots. While many environmental factors and genes control the microbial processes involved in the nitrogen cycle, most research has focused on single genes and pathways, neglecting the interactive effects these pathways have on each other. The processes controlled by these pathways determine consumption and production of N by soil microorganisms. We followed the expression of N-cycling genes in four soil microhabitats over a period of active root growth for an annual grass. We found that the presence of root litter and living roots significantly altered gene expression involved in multiple nitrogen pathways, as well as tradeoffs between pathways, which ultimately regulate N availability to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella T. Sieradzki
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Erin E. Nuccio
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
- Life & Environmental Sciences Department, UC Merced, Merced, California, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mary K. Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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10
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Tureţcaia AB, Garayburu-Caruso VA, Kaufman MH, Danczak RE, Stegen JC, Chu RK, Toyoda JG, Cardenas MB, Graham EB. Rethinking Aerobic Respiration in the Hyporheic Zone under Variation in Carbon and Nitrogen Stoichiometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15499-15510. [PMID: 37795960 PMCID: PMC10586321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic zones (HZs)─zones of groundwater-surface water mixing─are hotspots for dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrient cycling that can disproportionately impact aquatic ecosystem functions. However, the mechanisms affecting DOM metabolism through space and time in HZs remain poorly understood. To resolve this gap, we investigate a recently proposed theory describing trade-offs between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) limitations as a key regulator of HZ metabolism. We propose that throughout the extent of the HZ, a single process like aerobic respiration (AR) can be limited by both DOM thermodynamics and N content due to highly variable C/N ratios over short distances (centimeter scale). To investigate this theory, we used a large flume, continuous optode measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO), and spatially and temporally resolved molecular analysis of DOM. Carbon and N limitations were inferred from changes in the elemental stoichiometric ratio. We show sequential, depth-stratified relationships of DO with DOM thermodynamics and organic N that change across centimeter scales. In the shallow HZ with low C/N, DO was associated with the thermodynamics of DOM, while deeper in the HZ with higher C/N, DO was associated with inferred biochemical reactions involving organic N. Collectively, our results suggest that there are multiple competing processes that limit AR in the HZ. Resolving this spatiotemporal variation could improve predictions from mechanistic models, either via more highly resolved grid cells or by representing AR colimitation by DOM thermodynamics and organic N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Tureţcaia
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | - Matthew H Kaufman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Earth, Environment, and Physics, Worcester State University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01602, United States
| | - Robert E Danczak
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James C Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jason G Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - M Bayani Cardenas
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emily B Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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11
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Feng J, Yu D, Sinsabaugh RL, Moorhead DL, Andersen MN, Smith P, Song Y, Li X, Huang Q, Liu YR, Chen J. Trade-offs in carbon-degrading enzyme activities limit long-term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1184-1199. [PMID: 36914985 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial-mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C-degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar-induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short-term (<1 year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long-term (≥1 year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long-term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long-term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dailin Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43537, USA
| | - Mathias Neumann Andersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Yanting Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
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12
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Tie L, Wei S, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Liu X, Zhou S, Liu X, Bose AK, Huang C. N and P combined addition accelerates the release of litter C, N, and most metal nutrients in a N-rich subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163491. [PMID: 37068669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Imbalanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions are profoundly shifting terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemical processes. However, how P addition and its interaction with N addition influence the release of litter carbon (C), N, P, and especially metal nutrients in subtropical forests remains unclear. Herein, a two-year field litterbag experiment was conducted in a natural subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest of southwestern China using a factorial design with three levels of N addition (0, 10, and 20 g N m-2 y-1) and P addition (0, 5, 15 g P m-2 y-1). During two years of decomposition, N- and P-only addition treatments decreased the accumulated mass loss and release rates of litter C, N, P, K, Na, and Mn (p < 0.05); N and P coaddition treatments increased the accumulated mass loss and release rates of litter C, N, K, Na, Mn, and Cu (p < 0.05) and decreased the accumulated release rates of litter P and Mg (p < 0.05); the C/P and N/P ratios of the residual litter increased under the N-only addition treatments (p < 0.05) and decreased under the P-only addition and N and P coaddition treatments (p < 0.05). Overall, the results suggest that combined N and P supply can increase biological activities and thus accelerate the release of litter C, N, and most metal nutrients, as expected within the framework of ecological stoichiometry and growth rate hypothesis. Our study also highlights that the effect of N addition on litter C and nutrients release depends on P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China; CSIC, Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Shengzhao Wei
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589. Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xing Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Shixing Zhou
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, 9208 Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Congde Huang
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China.
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13
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Poeplau C, Begill N, Liang Z, Schiedung M. Root litter quality drives the dynamic of native mineral-associated organic carbon in a temperate agricultural soil. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 491:439-456. [PMID: 37869369 PMCID: PMC10589181 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Understanding the fate and residence time of organic matter added to soils, and its effect on native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralisation is key for developing efficient SOC sequestration strategies. Here, the effect of litter quality, particularly the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio, on the dynamics of particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) were studied. Methods In a two-year incubation experiment, root litter samples of the C4-grass Miscanthus with four different C:N ratios ranging from 50 to 124 were added to a loamy agricultural topsoil. In an additional treatment, ammonium nitrate was added to the C:N 124 litter to match the C:N 50 litter input ratio. Soils were size-fractionated after 6, 12 and 24 months and δ13C was measured to determine the proportion of new and native POC and MAOC. Litter quality was further assessed by mid-infrared spectroscopy and compound peak analysis. Results Litter quality strongly affected SOC dynamics, with total SOC losses of 42.5 ± 3.0% in the C:N 50 treatment and 48.9 ± 3.0% in the C:N 124 treatment after 24 months. Largest treatment effects occurred in mineralisation of native MAOC, which was strongly primed by litter addition. The N amendment in the C:N 124 treatment did not alleviate this potential N mining flux. Conclusion Litter quality plays a major role in overall SOC dynamics, and priming for N mining from the MAOC pool could be a dominant mechanism. However, adding N did not compensate for poor litter quality, highlighting the role of litter quality beyond stoichiometric imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Poeplau
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Neha Begill
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 68, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830 Denmark
| | - Marcus Schiedung
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057 Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092 Switzerland
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14
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Andrews HM, Krichels AH, Homyak PM, Piper S, Aronson EL, Botthoff J, Greene AC, Jenerette GD. Wetting-induced soil CO 2 emission pulses are driven by interactions among soil temperature, carbon, and nitrogen limitation in the Colorado Desert. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3205-3220. [PMID: 36907979 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Warming-induced changes in precipitation regimes, coupled with anthropogenically enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition, are likely to increase the prevalence, duration, and magnitude of soil respiration pulses following wetting via interactions among temperature and carbon (C) and N availability. Quantifying the importance of these interactive controls on soil respiration is a key challenge as pulses can be large terrestrial sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) over comparatively short timescales. Using an automated sensor system, we measured soil CO2 flux dynamics in the Colorado Desert-a system characterized by pronounced transitions from dry-to-wet soil conditions-through a multi-year series of experimental wetting campaigns. Experimental manipulations included combinations of C and N additions across a range of ambient temperatures and across five sites varying in atmospheric N deposition. We found soil CO2 pulses following wetting were highly predictable from peak instantaneous CO2 flux measurements. CO2 pulses consistently increased with temperature, and temperature at time of wetting positively correlated to CO2 pulse magnitude. Experimentally adding N along the N deposition gradient generated contrasting pulse responses: adding N increased CO2 pulses in low N deposition sites, whereas adding N decreased CO2 pulses in high N deposition sites. At a low N deposition site, simultaneous additions of C and N during wetting led to the highest observed soil CO2 fluxes reported globally at 299.5 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 . Our results suggest that soils have the capacity to emit high amounts of CO2 within small timeframes following infrequent wetting, and pulse sizes reflect a non-linear combination of soil resource and temperature interactions. Importantly, the largest soil CO2 emissions occurred when multiple resources were amended simultaneously in historically resource-limited desert soils, pointing to regions experiencing simultaneous effects of desertification and urbanization as key locations in future global C balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Andrews
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alexander H Krichels
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Peter M Homyak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Piper
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Emma L Aronson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jon Botthoff
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Aral C Greene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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15
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Venegas Garcia P, Wang H. A Data-Validated Stoichiometric Model for the Priming Effect. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:53. [PMID: 37162598 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming, interest in sequestering carbon by appropriately managing soils has contributed to studying the dynamic exchange of carbon and nitrogen in soils and atmospheric CO[Formula: see text]. The priming effect, or the intensified CO[Formula: see text] emissions from soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in short periods by using labile substrates, has been a topic of interest over the last decades. A combination of two experimentally supported mechanisms explains the priming effect phenomenon, and for the first time, we combine them in a novel stoichiometric model. The model considers the effects of labile substrate utilization in soils during the SOM decomposition and how CO[Formula: see text] emissions rates are affected. Laboratory data and a local sensitivity analysis validate the accuracy and robustness of the model. We find an optimized ratio of labile carbon and nitrogen that intensifies SOM decomposition for different soil features. The priming effect is weakened as C/N in SOM increases for nutrient-poor soils and is independent of C/N in SOM for nutrient-rich soils. The time required for microorganisms to decompose SOM at its maximum rate is delayed only for labile carbon treatments and poor-nutrient soils but remains constant otherwise. Finally, the SOM degradation efficiency determines the priming effect's acceleration or reduction under different soil treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Venegas Garcia
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G1, Canada.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G2G1, Canada
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16
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Li S, Cui Y, Xia Z, Zhang X, Zhou C, An S, Zhu M, Gao Y, Yu W, Ma Q. Microbial nutrient limitations limit carbon sequestration but promote nitrogen and phosphorus cycling: A case study in an agroecosystem with long-term straw return. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161865. [PMID: 36716869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil fertility can be increased by returning crop residues to fields due to the cooperative regulation of microbial metabolism of carbon (C) and nutrients. However, the dose-effect of straw on the soil C and nutrient retention and its underlying coupled microbial metabolic processes of C and nutrients remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study on soil nutrients and stoichiometry, crop nutrient uptake and production, microbial metabolic characteristics and functional attributes using a long-term straw input field experiment. We estimated the microbial metabolic limitations and efficiency of C and nitrogen (N) use (CUE and NUE) via an enzyme-based vector-TER model, biogeochemical-equilibrium model and mass balance equation, respectively. In addition, the absolute abundances of 20 functional genes involved in the N- and P-cycles were quantified by quantitative PCR-based chip technology. As expected, straw input significantly increased C and N stocks, C: nutrients, crop nutrient uptake and growth. However, the C sequestration efficiency decreased by approximately 6.1 %, and the N2O emission rate increased by 0.5-1.0 times with the increase in straw input rate. Interestingly, the microbial metabolism was more limited by P when straw input was <8 t ha-1 but was reversed when straw input was 12 t ha-1. The enhanced nutrient limitation reduced both the CUE and the NUE of microbes and then upregulated genes associated with the hydrolysis of C, the mineralization of N and P, and denitrification, which consequently influenced C and N losses as well as crop growth. This study highlights that soil C and nutrient cycling are strongly regulated by microbial metabolic limitation, suggesting that adding the appropriate limiting nutrients to reduce nutrient imbalances caused by straw input is conducive to maximizing the ecological benefits of straw return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailin Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuqing Xia
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changrui Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siyu An
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wantai Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China.
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17
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Chen J, Ma X, Lu X, Xu H, Chen D, Li Y, Zhou Z, Li Y, Ma S, Yakov K. Long-term phosphorus addition alleviates CO 2 and N 2O emissions via altering soil microbial functions in secondary rather primary tropical forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121295. [PMID: 36822311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests, where the soils are nitrogen (N) rich but phosphorus (P) poor, have a disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) and N cycling. While N deposition substantially alters soil C and N retention in tropical forests, whether P input can alleviate these N-induced effects by regulating soil microbial functions remains unclear. We investigated soil microbial taxonomy and functional traits in response to 10-year independent and interactive effects of N and P additions in a primary and a secondary tropical forest in Hainan Island. In the primary forest, N addition boosted oligotrophic bacteria and phosphatase and enriched genes responsible for C-, P-mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, suggesting aggravated P limitation while N excess. This might stimulate P excavation via organic matter mineralization, and enhance N losses, thereby increasing soil CO2 and N2O emissions by 86% and 110%, respectively. Phosphorus and NP additions elevated C-mining enzymes activity mainly due to intensified C limitation, causing 82% increase in CO2 emission. In secondary forest, P and NP additions reduced phosphatase activity, enriched fungal copiotrophs and increased microbial biomass, suggesting removal of nutrient deficiencies and stimulation of fungal growth. Meanwhile, soil CO2 emission decreased by 25% and N2O emission declined by 52-82% due to alleviated P acquisition from organic matter decomposition and increased microbial C and N immobilization. Overall, N addition accelerates most microbial processes for C and N release in tropical forests. Long-term P addition increases C and N retention via reducing soil CO2 and N2O emissions in the secondary but not primary forest because of strong C limitation to microbial N immobilization. Further, the seasonal and annual variations in CO2 and N2O emissions should be considered in future studies to test the generalization of these findings and predict and model dynamics in greenhouse gas emissions and C and N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kuzyakov Yakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Sieradzki ET, Nuccio EE, Pett-Ridge J, Firestone MK. Expression of macromolecular organic nitrogen degrading enzymes identifies potential mediators of soil organic N availability to an annual grass. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01402-3. [PMID: 37059820 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is frequently limiting to plant growth, in part because most soil N is present as polymeric organic compounds that are not readily taken up by plants. Microbial depolymerization of these large macromolecular N-substrates gradually releases available inorganic N. While many studies have researched and modeled controls on soil organic matter formation and bulk N mineralization, the ecological-spatial, temporal and phylogenetic-patterns underlying organic N degradation remain unclear. We analyzed 48 time-resolved metatranscriptomes and quantified N-depolymerization gene expression to resolve differential expression by soil habitat and time in specific taxonomic groups and gene-based guilds. We observed much higher expression of extracellular serine-type proteases than other extracellular N-degrading enzymes, with protease expression of predatory bacteria declining with time and other taxonomic patterns driven by the presence (Gammaproteobacteria) or absence (Thermoproteota) of live roots and root detritus (Deltaproteobacteria and Fungi). The primary chitinase chit1 gene was more highly expressed by eukaryotes near root detritus, suggesting predation of fungi. In some lineages, increased gene expression over time suggests increased competitiveness with rhizosphere age (Chloroflexi). Phylotypes from some genera had protease expression patterns that could benefit plant N nutrition, for example, we identified a Janthinobacterium phylotype and two Burkholderiales that depolymerize organic N near young roots and a Rhizobacter with elevated protease levels near mature roots. These taxon-resolved gene expression results provide an ecological read-out of microbial interactions and controls on N dynamics in specific soil microhabitats and could be used to target potential plant N bioaugmentation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella T Sieradzki
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Erin E Nuccio
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Life & Environmental Sciences Department, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Mary K Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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19
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Zeng W, Wang Z, Chen X, Yao X, Ma Z, Wang W. Nitrogen deficiency accelerates soil organic carbon decomposition in temperate degraded grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163424. [PMID: 37054788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of nitrogen (N) availability on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition were often explored based on N enrichment (N+) experiments. However, many natural and anthropogenic processes often reduce soil N availability. There is no direct evidence about how decreased N availability (N-) affects SOC decomposition, and the mechanisms of microbe-driven SOC decomposition in response to N availability remain unclear. Here, we used ion-exchange membranes to simulate N-. Soil samples from four temperate grassland sites, ranging from non-degradation to extreme degradation, were incubated with the N- and N+ treatments. We found that the total cumulative carbon (C) release was promoted by the N- treatment (8.60 to 87.30 mg C/g Cinital) but was inhibited by the N+ treatment (-129.81 to -16.49 mg C/g Cinital), regardless of the degradation status. N- dramatically increased recalcitrant C decomposition by increasing soil pH at all grassland sites; while did not affect or even decreased labile C decomposition by significantly increasing microbial C use efficiency and soil microbial biomass N. Interestingly, the effects of N- and N+ on SOC decomposition was asymmetric; with increased grassland degradation, the SOC decomposition was more sensitive to N- than to N+. Our results provide direct evidence for the different effects and mechanisms of N- on SOC decomposition and should be considered in soil process models to better predict the response of the nutrient cycle to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zeng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Ma
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Chao L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang Q, Guan X, Yang Q, Chen L, Zhang J, Hu B, Liu Z, Wang S, Freschet GT. Root functional traits determine the magnitude of the rhizosphere priming effect among eight tree species. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chao
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
- Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Xin Guan
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Qingpeng Yang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Longchi Chen
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Silong Wang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
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21
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Derrien D, Barré P, Basile-Doelsch I, Cécillon L, Chabbi A, Crème A, Fontaine S, Henneron L, Janot N, Lashermes G, Quénéa K, Rees F, Dignac MF. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review. AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 36777236 PMCID: PMC9901420 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-023-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Lauric Cécillon
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Abad Chabbi
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandra Crème
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Henneron
- USC ECODIV-Rouen 7603, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Janot
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Katell Quénéa
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rees
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-France Dignac
- INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR iEES-Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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22
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Rembelski M, Fraterrigo J. Drought reduces invasive grass performance by disrupting plant-microbe interactions that enhance plant nitrogen supply. Oecologia 2023; 201:549-564. [PMID: 36598562 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-native invasive plants can promote their dominance in novel ecosystems by accelerating soil nutrient cycling via interactions with decomposer microbes. Changes in abiotic conditions associated with frequent or prolonged drought may disrupt these interactions, but the effects of disruption on invasive plant performance and the underpinning mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we used rainout shelters in an experimental field setting to test the hypothesis that drought reduces invasive plant performance by reducing microbial metabolic activity, resulting in decreased nitrogen flow to plants. We imposed growing season drought on populations of the exotic grass Microstegium vimineum, a widespread invasive plant in eastern deciduous forests, and quantified effects on aboveground and belowground biomass, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling among plants, decomposers, and soil. Drought resulted in a 24% decrease in soil respiration, a 16% decrease in phenol oxidase enzyme activity, a 12% decrease in dissolved organic N concentration, and a decrease in the C:N ratio of particulate organic matter, suggesting reduced microbial metabolic activity and nutrient mining of soil organic matter. Drought also reduced aboveground Microstegium biomass 33% and increased Microstegium leaf C:N ratio, consistent with a decline in plant N uptake. We conclude that drought can reduce the performance of existing invasive species populations by suppressing plant-microbe interactions that increase nitrogen supply to plants, which may have consequences for the persistence of invasive plants under hydrologic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Rembelski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer Fraterrigo
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. .,Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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23
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Dynamic carbon-nitrogen coupling under global change. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:771-782. [PMID: 36680674 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen coupling is a fundamental principle in ecosystem ecology. However, how the coupling responds to global change has not yet been examined. Through a comprehensive and systematic literature review, we assessed how the dynamics of carbon processes change with increasing nitrogen input and how nitrogen processes change with increasing carbon input under global change. Our review shows that nitrogen input to the ecosystem mostly stimulates plant primary productivity but inconsistently decreases microbial activities or increases soil carbon sequestration, with nitrogen leaching and nitrogenous gas emission rapidly increasing. Nitrogen fixation increases and nitrogen leaching decreases to improve soil nitrogen availability and support plant growth and ecosystem carbon sequestration under elevated CO2 and temperature or along ecosystem succession. We conclude that soil nitrogen cycle processes continually adjust to change in response to either overload under nitrogen addition or deficiency under CO2 enrichment and ecosystem succession to couple with carbon cycling. Indeed, processes of both carbon and nitrogen cycles continually adjust under global change, leading to dynamic coupling in carbon and nitrogen cycles. The dynamic coupling framework reconciles previous debates on the "uncoupling" or "decoupling" of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles under global change. Ecosystem models failing to simulate these dynamic adjustments cannot simulate carbon-nitrogen coupling nor predict ecosystem carbon sequestration well.
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24
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Li J, Niu X, Wang P, Yang J, Liu J, Wu D, Guan P. Soil degradation regulates the effects of litter decomposition on soil microbial nutrient limitation: Evidence from soil enzymatic activity and stoichiometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1090954. [PMID: 36684742 PMCID: PMC9853160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms could obtain energy and nutrients during litter decomposition with the help of soil extracellular enzymes. The litter types were among the most critical factors that affect soil extracellular enzyme activities. However, how litter types modulate the soil extracellular enzyme activity with grassland gradation is unclear. Here, we conducted a 240-day experiment of two different types of litter decomposition on soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry in different degraded grasslands. We found that C-acquiring enzyme activity and the enzyme stoichiometry of C/N were higher in Chloris virgata litter than in Leymus chinensis litter at lightly degraded level and C-acquiring enzyme activity in C. virgata was 16.96% higher than in L. chinensis. P-acquiring enzyme activity had the same trend with litter types in moderately and highly degraded levels and it was 20.71% and 30.89% higher in C. virgata than that in L. chinensis, respectively. The change of the enzyme stoichiometry with litter types was only showed in the enzyme stoichiometry of C/N at lightly degraded level, suggesting that litter types only affected the microbial C limitation in lightly degraded grassland. Almost all soil extracellular enzyme activities and extracellular enzyme stoichiometry, except the enzyme stoichiometry of N/P, decreased with grassland degraded level increasing. All vector angles were less than 45° suggesting that soil microorganisms were limited by N rather than by P during the decomposition process. Enzyme vector analysis revealed that soil microbial communities were co-limited by C and N during litter decomposition. Moreover, based on Random Forest (explaining more than 80%), we found that soil total nitrogen, total carbon, total phosphorus, dissolved organic C, pH and EC were important factors affecting soil enzyme activities by degradation levels. Our results emphasized that degradation levels could modulate the influences of litter types on soil extracellular enzyme activity. Our study enhanced our understanding in resource requirements for microbial communities to litter resources in degraded grassland and helped us to provide new ideas for improving degraded grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ximei Niu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Donghui Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pingting Guan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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25
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Wang J, Wang Y, Xue R, Wang D, Nan W. Effects of defoliation and nitrogen on carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and microbial communities in soils of cherry tree orchards. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15276. [PMID: 37180582 PMCID: PMC10174058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In farmland, microbes in soils are affected by exogenous carbon, nitrogen, and soil depth and are responsible for soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. The cherry industry has been evolving rapidly in northwest China and emerged as a new source of income for local farmers to overcome poverty. Accordingly, it is highly imperative to probe the effect of defoliation and nitrogen addition on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and microbial communities in soils of dryland cherry orchards. Methods CO2 emissions and microbial communities were determined in soil samples at three depths, including 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30-60 cm, from a 15-year-old rain-fed cherry orchard. The samples were respectively incubated with or without 1% defoliation under three input levels of nitrogen (0 mg kg-1, 90 mg kg-1, and 135 mg kg-1) at 25°C in the dark for 80 days. Results Defoliation and nitrogen addition affected CO2 emissions and microbial communities and increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the activity of soil catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase in soils of the dryland cherry orchard. The culture with defoliation significantly promoted CO2 emissions in soils at the three depths mainly by increasing the MBC, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase activities, resulted in positive priming index. Nitrogen addition elevated the MBC and changed soil enzymes and reduced CO2 emissions in soils at the three depths. Moreover, the priming index was higher in deep soils than in top and middle soils under the condition of defoliation and nitrogen addition. No significant differences were observed in the soil bacterial diversity (Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) among all treatments. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was markedly increased and that of Acidobacteria was substantially diminished in soils at the three depths by defoliation and nitrogen addition. The results sustained that defoliation and nitrogen can regulate SOC dynamics by directly and indirectly affecting soil microbial activities and communities. As a result, the combination of defoliation return and nitrogen fertilization management is a promising strategy to increase SOC and promote soil quality in dryland cherry orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Tianshui Normal University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste Resources, Tianshui, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Tianshui Normal University, Gansu Key Laboratory of Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste Resources, Tianshui, China
| | - Ruifang Xue
- Tianshui Normal University, College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Tianshui Normal University, College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui, China
| | - Wenhui Nan
- Tianshui Normal University, College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui, China
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26
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Zhang Q, Feng J, Li J, Huang CY, Shen Y, Cheng W, Zhu B. A distinct sensitivity to the priming effect between labile and stable soil organic carbon. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:88-99. [PMID: 36059142 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a mixture of various carbon (C) compounds with different stability, which can be distinctly affected by the priming effect (PE). However, little is known about how the PE changes with SOC stability. We address this issue by combining results from two experiments and a metaanalysis. We found that the PE increased with the prolongation of soil preincubation, suggesting that higher PE occurred for more stable SOC than for labile SOC. This was further supported by the metaanalysis of 42 observations. There were significant negative relationships between the difference in PE (ΔPE) between labile and more stable SOC and their differences in SOC, microbial biomass C and soil C : N ratio, indicating that soil C availability exerts a vital control on ΔPE. We conclude that, compared with labile SOC, stable SOC can be more vulnerable to priming once microbes are provided with exogenous C substrates. This high vulnerability of stable SOC to priming warrants more attention in future studies on SOC cycling and global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiguang Feng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization & Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Ching-Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Yawen Shen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weixin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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27
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Shao M, Zhang S, Niu B, Pei Y, Song S, Lei T, Yun H. Soil texture influences soil bacterial biomass in the permafrost-affected alpine desert of the Tibetan plateau. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007194. [PMID: 36578569 PMCID: PMC9791195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under warm climate conditions, permafrost thawing results in the substantial release of carbon (C) into the atmosphere and potentially triggers strong positive feedback to global warming. Soil microorganisms play an important role in decomposing organic C in permafrost, thus potentially regulating the ecosystem C balance in permafrost-affected regions. Soil microbial community and biomass are mainly affected by soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil texture. Most studies have focused on acidic permafrost soil (pH < 7), whereas few examined alkaline permafrost-affected soil (pH > 7). In this study, we analyzed soil microbial communities and biomass in the alpine desert and steppe on the Tibetan plateau, where the soil pH values were approximately 8.7 ± 0.2 and 8.5 ± 0.1, respectively. Our results revealed that microbial biomass was significantly associated with mean grain size (MGS) and SOC content in alkaline permafrost-affected soils (p < 0.05). In particular, bacterial and fungal biomasses were affected by SOC content in the alpine steppe, whereas bacterial and fungal biomasses were mainly affected by MGS and SOC content, respectively, in the alpine desert. Combined with the results of the structural equation model, those findings suggest that SOC content affects soil texture under high pH-value (pH 8-9) and that soil microbial biomass is indirectly affected. Soils in the alpine steppe and desert are dominated by plagioclase, which provides colonization sites for bacterial communities. This study aimed to highlight the importance of soil texture in managing soil microbial biomass and demonstrate the differential impacts of soil texture on fungal and bacterial communities in alkaline permafrost-affected regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyin Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Niu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Song
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Lei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tianzhu Lei, ; Hanbo Yun,
| | - Hanbo Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, BeiLu'He Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China,Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Tianzhu Lei, ; Hanbo Yun,
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Liu L, Chen H, He Y, Liu J, Dan X, Jiang L, Zhan W. Carbon stock stability in drained peatland after simulated plant carbon addition: Strong dependence on deeper soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157539. [PMID: 35908690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are vital soil carbon sinks, yet this function is jeopardized by plant carbon which could change the decomposition rate of soil organic carbon, knowing as "priming effect". How the priming effect depends on depth is a critical question in drained peatland given the heterogeneity of soil layers defined by the water table, which include the surface acrotelm, inter-mesotelm and deep catotelm. Here, through incubation, we quantified the response of these three soil layers to addition of 13C-labeled oxalate, glucose, cellulose, or cinnamic acid under anoxic or oxic conditions on the Zoige Plateau in Tibet. Soil carbon in the inter-mesotelm showed the greatest decomposition, with the highest humification index and lowest microbial biomass carbon, while the soil carbon at the surface acrotelm was least decomposed. Under anoxic conditions, exogenous carbon addition reduced CO2 emission by 12.2% at the surface acrotelm but increased by 59.8% in the inter-mesotelm and 23.5% in the deep catotelm. In the inter-mesotelm, oxalate addition significantly increased CO2 emission by 63.9%, while cinnamic acid significantly increased it by 92.9%. In the deep catotelm, cinnamic acid significantly increased CO2 emission by 55.3%. These results suggested that deeper soil organic carbon was more sensitive to plant carbon, particularly complex or recalcitrant carbon, than surface acrotelm soil. Under oxic conditions, carbon addition increased surface soil CO2 emission by 18.9%, and triggered even greater increase at inter-mesotelm and deep catotelm soil, with proportions of 48.3% and 32.0%, respectively. Under both conditions, peat profile CO2 release increased by 17.2-31.4% after exogenous carbon addition, and more than 77.8% of the increase came from the deeper two layers. These findings highlighted the need to take full account of priming effect of deeper soil in order to assess and predict the stability of carbon stocks in drained peatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Huai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yixin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China.
| | - Jianliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Xue Dan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
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29
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Yang J, Wu F, Wei X, Zhang X, Wu Q, Yue K, Ni X. Global Positive Effects of Litter Inputs on Soil Nitrogen Pools and Fluxes. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bicharanloo B, Bagheri Shirvan M, Cavagnaro TR, Keitel C, Dijkstra FA. Nitrogen addition and defoliation alter belowground carbon allocation with consequences for plant nitrogen uptake and soil organic carbon decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157430. [PMID: 35863579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grassland plants allocate photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) belowground to root biomass and rhizodeposition, but also to support arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These C allocation pathways could increase nutrient scavenging, but also mining of nutrients through enhanced organic matter decomposition. While important for grassland ecosystem functioning, methodological constraints have limited our ability to measure these processes under field conditions. We used 13CO2 and 15N pulse labelling methods to examine belowground C allocation to root biomass production, rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation during peak plant growth in a grassland field experiment after three years of N fertilisation (0 and 40 kg N ha-1 year-1) and defoliation frequency treatments ("low" and "high", with 3-4 and 6-8 simulated grazing events per year, mimicking moderate and intense grazing, respectively). Moreover, we quantified the consequences for plant nitrogen (N) uptake and decomposition of soil organic C (SOC). Nitrogen fertilisation increased rhizodeposition and AMF colonisation (by 63 % and 54 %), but reduced root biomass (by 25 %). With high defoliation frequency, AMF colonisation increased (by 60 %), but both root biomass and rhizodeposition declined (by 35 % and 58 %). Plant N uptake was highest without N fertilisation and low defoliation frequency, and positively related to root biomass and the number of root tips. Therefore, when N supply is low and the capacity to produce C through photosynthesis is high, belowground C allocation to root production and associated root tips was important to scavenge for N in the soil. In contrast, the strong positive relationship between the rate of rhizodeposition and SOC decomposition, suggests that rhizodeposition may help plants to mine for nutrients locked in SOC. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that belowground C allocation pathways affected by N fertilisation and defoliation frequency affect plant N scavenging and mining with important consequences for long-term grassland C dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Bicharanloo
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Milad Bagheri Shirvan
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Timothy R Cavagnaro
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Claudia Keitel
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Feike A Dijkstra
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Cheng B, Liu H, Bai J, Li J. Soil Fungal Composition Drives Ecosystem Multifunctionality after Long-Term Field Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition in Alpine Meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2893. [PMID: 36365345 PMCID: PMC9656404 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An ecosystem can provide multiple functions and services at the same time, i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Above- and belowground biodiversity and abiotic factors have different effects on EMF. Human activities increase atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition, but the mechanism of how atmospheric N and P deposition affect EMF in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau is still unclear. Here, we measured eleven ecosystem parameters to quantify EMF by averaging method and explored the impact of plant and microbial species diversity and abiotic factors on EMF after long-term field N and P addition in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that N addition reduced EMF by 15%, NP increased EMF by 20%, and there was no change due to P addition. N and P addition reduced pH, relative light conditions (RLC), and plant species richness and modified plant and fungal community composition. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis confirmed that fungal community composition was an important and positive driver on EMF. These results provided an understanding of how N and P addition affect EMF directly and indirectly through biotic and abiotic pathways, which was important for predicting the response of EMF to atmospheric N and P deposition in the future. Furthermore, the findings suggested that soil fungal composition was more important driving factors than abiotic factors in the response of EMF to N and P addition and the importance of the interactions between plant and soil microbial species diversity in supporting greater EMF.
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32
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Microbiogeochemical Traits to Identify Nitrogen Hotspots in Permafrost Regions. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost-affected tundra soils are large carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reservoirs. However, N is largely bound in soil organic matter (SOM), and ecosystems generally have low N availability. Therefore, microbial induced N-cycling processes and N losses were considered negligible. Recent studies show that microbial N processing rates, inorganic N availability, and lateral N losses from thawing permafrost increase when vegetation cover is disturbed, resulting in reduced N uptake or increased N input from thawing permafrost. In this review, we describe currently known N hotspots, particularly bare patches in permafrost peatland or permafrost soils affected by thermokarst, and their microbiogeochemical characteristics, and present evidence for previously unrecorded N hotspots in the tundra. We summarize the current understanding of microbial N cycling processes that promote the release of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and the translocation of inorganic N from terrestrial into aquatic ecosystems. We suggest that certain soil characteristics and microbial traits can be used as indicators of N availability and N losses. Identifying N hotspots in permafrost soils is key to assessing the potential for N release from permafrost-affected soils under global warming, as well as the impact of increased N availability on emissions of carbon-containing GHGs.
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33
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Amelioration of Organic Carbon and Physical Health of Structurally Disturbed Soil through Microbe–Manure Amalgam. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Less precipitation, high temperature, and minimal natural vegetation are characteristic of regions having an arid climate. The harsh environment massively destructs the soil structure of that area by burning soil organic carbon, leading to deteriorated soil nutritional quality, creating a significant threat to agricultural production and food security. Direct application of organic wastes not only substitutes lost organic carbon but also restores soil structure and fertility. This study was conducted to assess the impact of organic amendments, i.e., farm manure (FM), poultry manure (PM), molasses (MO), and Exo-Poly Saccharides (EPS) producing rhizobacterial strains i.e., M2, M19, M22 amalgams as treatments. To assess the impact of treatments on soil carbon and structure restoration to hold more water and nutrients, a 42-day incubation experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) under the two-factor factorial arrangement was conducted. Macro aggregation (0.25 to >1 mm), carbon retention in macro aggregates, active carbon (dissolved organic carbon, a mineral-associated organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon), total organic carbon, the carbon mineralization activities, and water retention capacities were observed to be highest in soils that were treated with (FM + M2, FM + M22, PM + M19, and MO + M19). Finally, we conclude that organics mineralization by microbial actions releases organic glues that not only impart particle aggregation but also conserve organics as aggregate entrapped carbon. Amalgamated application of microbe–manure combinations directly impacts soil structure and organic carbon contents, but in an indirect scenario, it improves the fertility and productivity of the soil. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to use organic manures and microbes in combination to restore structurally degraded lands.
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34
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Ma X, Wang T, Shi Z, Chiariello NR, Docherty K, Field CB, Gutknecht J, Gao Q, Gu Y, Guo X, Hungate BA, Lei J, Niboyet A, Le Roux X, Yuan M, Yuan T, Zhou J, Yang Y. Long-term nitrogen deposition enhances microbial capacities in soil carbon stabilization but reduces network complexity. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:112. [PMID: 35902889 PMCID: PMC9330674 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic activities have increased the inputs of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) into terrestrial ecosystems, affecting soil carbon stability and microbial communities. Previous studies have primarily examined the effects of nitrogen deposition on microbial taxonomy, enzymatic activities, and functional processes. Here, we examined various functional traits of soil microbial communities and how these traits are interrelated in a Mediterranean-type grassland administrated with 14 years of 7 g m-2 year-1 of N amendment, based on estimated atmospheric N deposition in areas within California, USA, by the end of the twenty-first century. RESULTS Soil microbial communities were significantly altered by N deposition. Consistent with higher aboveground plant biomass and litter, fast-growing bacteria, assessed by abundance-weighted average rRNA operon copy number, were favored in N deposited soils. The relative abundances of genes associated with labile carbon (C) degradation (e.g., amyA and cda) were also increased. In contrast, the relative abundances of functional genes associated with the degradation of more recalcitrant C (e.g., mannanase and chitinase) were either unchanged or decreased. Compared with the ambient control, N deposition significantly reduced network complexity, such as average degree and connectedness. The network for N deposited samples contained only genes associated with C degradation, suggesting that C degradation genes became more intensely connected under N deposition. CONCLUSIONS We propose a conceptual model to summarize the mechanisms of how changes in above- and belowground ecosystems by long-term N deposition collectively lead to more soil C accumulation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100120, China
| | - Tengxu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., the Beijing Branch, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Nona R Chiariello
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kathryn Docherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Christopher B Field
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jessica Gutknecht
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Present address: Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55104, USA
| | - Qun Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Jiesi Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Audrey Niboyet
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, UPEC, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, iEES-Paris, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Microbial Ecology Centre LEM, INRAE, CNRS, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, VetAgroSup, UMR INRAE 1418, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tong Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Marks JNJ, Lines TEP, Penfold C, Cavagnaro TR. Cover crops and carbon stocks: How under-vine management influences SOC inputs and turnover in two vineyards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154800. [PMID: 35341834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness surrounding the importance of maintaining and increasing soil organic carbon (SOC, henceforth) stocks in vineyard systems. Increasing SOC positively influences numerous soil properties and has the added advantage of removing atmospheric CO2, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. Cover crops have long been used to influence soil properties in vineyard mid-rows, including increasing SOC content. Few studies, however, have quantified cover crop influence on SOC stocks and composition in the under-vine area, owing to a general reluctance to adopt under-vine cover crop management. This research aims to quantify SOC stocks and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils from four treatments of under-vine management practice including two cover crop combinations, a straw mulch and herbicide-managed control across two vineyard sites established in 2014. We sampled soils under-vine to depths of 0-30 cm (stratified; 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) and quantified both SOC concentrations and bulk density to ascertain SOC stocks. Further to this, we quantified water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) as a measure of the labile carbon stock, and measured heterotrophic respiration in a laboratory incubation as an indication of SOC turnover. We found that cover crop-managed soil under-vine sequesters up to 23% more soil organic carbon (SOC) as the traditional, herbicide practice over a five-year period of growth. Microbial activity increased by more than double in cover crop soils, owing to an increase in DOC and that there is evidence for more resistant C in cover crop soils. These results suggest that cover crop management under-vine is a viable solution to increase SOC stocks within vineyard systems. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that a shift from bare earth to cover crops in the under-vine region has the potential to sequester carbon in vineyard soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N J Marks
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
| | - T E P Lines
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - C Penfold
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - T R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, the University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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36
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Shahbaz M, Bengtson P, Mertes JR, Kulessa B, Kljun N. Spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon exchanges and their drivers in a boreal forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154876. [PMID: 35358518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests have a large impact on the global greenhouse gas balance and their soils constitute an important carbon (C) reservoir. Mature boreal forests are typically a net CO2 sink, but there are also examples of boreal forests that are persistent CO2 sources. The reasons remain often unknown, presumably due to a lack of understanding of how biotic and abiotic drivers interact to determine the microbial respiration of soil organic matter (SOM). This study aimed at identifying the main drivers of microbial SOM respiration and CO2 and CH4 soil chamber-fluxes within dry and wet sampling areas at the mature boreal forest of Norunda, Sweden, a persistent net CO2 source. The spatial heterogeneity of the drivers was assessed with a geostatistical approach combined with stepwise multiple regression. We found that heterotrophic soil respiration increased with SOM content and nitrogen (N) availability, while the SOM reactivity, i.e., SOM specific respiration, was determined by soil moisture and N availability. The latter suggests that microbial activity was N rather than C limited and that microbial N mining might be driving old-SOM decomposition, which was observed through a positive correlation between soil respiration and its δ13C values. SOM specific heterotrophic respiration was lower in wet than in dry areas, while no such dependencies were found for chamber-based soil CO2 fluxes, implying that oxygen depletion resulted in lower SOM reactivity. The chamber-based soil CH4 flux differed significantly between the wet and dry areas. In the wet area, we observed net CH4 emission that was positively related to soil moisture and NH4+-N content. Taken together, our findings suggest that N availability has a strong regulatory effect on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions at Norunda, and that microbial decomposition of old-SOM to release bioavailable N might be partly responsible for the net CO2 emission at the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Per Bengtson
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordan R Mertes
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bernd Kulessa
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Natascha Kljun
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Jiang L, Ma X, Song Y, Gao S, Ren J, Zhang H, Wang X. Warming-Induced Labile Carbon Change Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Microbial Abundance in a Northern Peatland. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071329. [PMID: 35889047 PMCID: PMC9319501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate warming affects the carbon cycle of northern peatlands through temperature rises and a changing carbon availability. To clarify the effects of elevated temperature and labile carbon addition on SOC mineralization, as well as their microbial driving mechanisms, topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (10–20 cm) were collected from a peatland in the Great Hing’an Mountains and incubated with or without 13C-glucose at 10 °C and 15 °C for 42 days. The results showed that 5 °C warming significantly stimulated SOC mineralization along with NH4+-N and NO3−-N content increases, as well as a decrease in invertase and urease activities. Glucose addition triggered a positive priming effect (PE) in the early stage of the incubation but changed to a negative PE in the late stage of the incubation. Glucose likely regulates carbon dynamics by altering fungi: bacteria, soil invertase, and β-glucodase activities, and MBC, DOC, NH4+-N contents. Glucose addition increased fungal abundance in 0–10 cm at 10 °C and 15 °C, and 10–20 cm at 10 °C, respectively, but significantly decreased fungal abundance in 10–20 cm at 15 °C. Glucose addition decreased bacterial abundance in 0–10 cm at 10 °C but increased bacterial abundance in 10–20 cm soil at 10 °C, and in 0–10 and 10–20 cm soils at 15 °C, respectively. Glucose addition significantly decreased the fungi: bacteria ratio in 0–20 cm soils at 15 °C. In addition, Q10 was significantly positively correlated with the changes in soil DOC, NH4+-N contents, invertase, and β-glucosidase activities, while negatively correlated with fungi: bacteria and urease activities after 5 °C of warming, and glucose addition significantly increased the Q10. Labile carbon may decrease carbon losses in northern peatlands that inhibit warming-induced carbon emission increase, thus partially buffering soil carbon content against change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
- Xuzhou Municipal Bureau Statistics, Xuzhou 221018, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Siqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiusheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.J.); (X.M.); (S.G.); (J.R.); (H.Z.); (X.W.)
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Bian H, Li C, Zhu J, Xu L, Li M, Zheng S, He N. Soil Moisture Affects the Rapid Response of Microbes to Labile Organic C Addition. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.857185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed inputs of labile organic carbon (LOC) are common in soils and significantly affect carbon cycling. However, it remains unclear how soil moisture content affects microbial responses to LOC inputs and the relative contributions of native soil organic matter (SOM) and LOC derived from CO2 emissions during this process. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how moisture content affects microbial response to LOC inputs and native SOM. Here, 13C-labeled glucose was added to soils under nine soil moisture treatments [ranging from 10 to 90% of the water holding capacity (WHC)], and the immediate utilization of LOC and native SOM by microbes was measured. We found that the response of soil microbes to LOC was rapid, and promoted native SOM decomposition. Soil moisture content influenced the microbial usage of LOC and native SOM. A soil water content of 60% WHC was the optimal threshold for changes in the proportion of LOC and native SOM utilized by the microbes. Specifically, we found that when the soil moisture content was below 60% WHC, the ratio between LOC and native SOM increased with increasing moisture content levels. It gradually decreased when the soil moisture content was above 60% WHC. Overall, these findings emphasize the important role of moisture and LOC inputs in soil C cycles.
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Sonsri K, Naruse H, Watanabe A. Mechanisms controlling the stabilization of soil organic matter in agricultural soils as amended with contrasting organic amendments: Insights based on physical fractionation coupled with 13C NMR spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153853. [PMID: 35176360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) has vital roles in the global carbon (C) cycle and the use of organic amendments (OAs) to maintain or improve SOM levels is a promising practice. However, the mechanisms underlying SOM stabilization in OA-amended soils remain insufficiently resolved. For more effective understanding on such issues, we examined soil samples from a long-term experimental plot (26-31 years) that included six treatments, namely, a chemical fertilizer (CF) alone (CF), a bark compost plus CF (BC + CF), a coffee residue compost plus CF (CRC + CF), a cattle manure compost plus CF (CMC + CF), and a cattle manure (CMC) or sewage sludge compost (SSC) alone at a higher application rate, using physical fractionation. In the fractionation, free particulate SOM (fSOM), free SOM occluded in aggregates (oSOM), and SOM weakly bound to minerals (wSOM; s.g. 1.6-2.0 g cm-3) and strongly (sSOM; s.g. >2.0 g cm-3) were separated and characterized using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) along with OAs and bulk soil samples. The long-term OA applications enhanced the total C accumulation and the amount of C accumulated as oSOM, wSOM, and sSOM correlated positively with the total C content. The application of BC or CRC resulted in a greater accumulation of fSOM. Conversely, the continuous application of SSC or CMC, which has a high N content and a low C/N ratio, led to a greater accumulation of C, mainly as wSOM. Our findings suggest that both the quality and quantity of OAs control the forms of C that accumulate and this involves different mechanistic pathways. We suggest that the abundant alkyl C in the wSOM and sSOM fractions was SSC-derived SOM in the SSC soil while in the case of the CMC soil, this was due to the increased contribution of microbial-derived SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiattisak Sonsri
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Haruka Naruse
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Microbial functional changes mark irreversible course of Tibetan grassland degradation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2681. [PMID: 35562338 PMCID: PMC9106683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau’s Kobresia pastures store 2.5% of the world’s soil organic carbon (SOC). Climate change and overgrazing render their topsoils vulnerable to degradation, with SOC stocks declining by 42% and nitrogen (N) by 33% at severely degraded sites. We resolved these losses into erosion accounting for two-thirds, and decreased carbon (C) input and increased SOC mineralization accounting for the other third, and confirmed these results by comparison with a meta-analysis of 594 observations. The microbial community responded to the degradation through altered taxonomic composition and enzymatic activities. Hydrolytic enzyme activities were reduced, while degradation of the remaining recalcitrant soil organic matter by oxidative enzymes was accelerated, demonstrating a severe shift in microbial functioning. This may irreversibly alter the world´s largest alpine pastoral ecosystem by diminishing its C sink function and nutrient cycling dynamics, negatively impacting local food security, regional water quality and climate. The Tibetan Kobresia pastures store 2.5% of the world’s soil organic carbon. Here the authors show that soil degradation and microbial shifts may irreversibly diminish the carbon sink function and accelerate nutrient losses.
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Nitrogen Uptake, Use Efficiency, and Productivity of Nigella sativa L. in Response to Fertilization and Plant Density. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nigella sativa L. has been recognized as one of the most important medicinal plants in many parts of the world for centuries. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of fertilization and plant density on nitrogen uptake, utilization efficiency, and productivity of N. sativa under Mediterranean conditions. The three-year experiment was set up in a split-plot design with three replications. There were 2 plant densities; 200 and 300 plants m−2 with 4 fertilization levels: control, seaweed compost, farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer. The highest seed yield (749–840 kg ha−1) was found in plants subjected to low-density and inorganic fertilization. The seed nitrogen (N) uptake as well as the nitrogen harvest index (NHI) were positively affected by the increase of available nitrogen and negatively by the increase of plant density, with their highest values recorded in the low-density and inorganic fertilization. In conclusion, plant densities greater than 200 plants m−2 result in higher crop growth but lower seed yield and decreased nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in N. sativa seeds, whereas the application of inorganic fertilizers increases crop yield, nitrogen uptake, and utilization efficiency because these fertilizers present higher nitrogen levels with higher solubility and thus faster availability for the crop in comparison with organic fertilizers.
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Chronic Nitrogen Deposition Induces Phosphorus Limitation of Aquatic, But Not Terrestrial, Decomposition. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractElevated deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) has shifted nutrient availability in terrestrial and aquatic habitats of ecosystems, but rarely are ecosystem processes in those components examined simultaneously. We used a multi-decadal, whole, paired watershed experiment to determine how chronic N enrichment with (NH4)2SO4 alters litter decomposition in terrestrial and stream systems. We also used short-term phosphorus (P) enrichment experiments within both watersheds to determine whether chronic N enrichment enhances P limitation of decomposition. Leaves from N-treated and reference watersheds were used in a reciprocal design to parse effects of altered nutrient availability in leaves and in the environment. We found divergent responses of terrestrial and stream decomposition to altered nutrient regimes. Chronic experimental N enrichment increased N and P concentrations in post-abscission leaves which decayed faster than leaves from the reference watershed in the terrestrial environment. Experimental N enrichment also did not induce P limitation of terrestrial decomposition. In contrast, litter decomposition rate in the two streams was not enhanced by elevated N in stream water or by altered leaf chemistry. Instead, chronic experimental N enrichment shifted decomposition in streams from co-limitation to strong P limitation. Microbial respiration and extracellular enzyme production responded to altered nutrient availability in a manner consistent with resource allocation models. Divergent responses of terrestrial and aquatic decomposition to elevated N deposition likely arise from differences in water bioavailability. Our work highlights the value of simultaneously considering ecosystem processes in terrestrial and aquatic systems to understand the consequences of integrated landscape processes operating on large spatial scales.
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Wigley-Coetsee C, Strydom T, Govender D, Thompson DI, Govender N, Botha J, Simms C, Manganyi A, Kruger L, Venter J, Greaver C, Smit IP. Reflecting on research produced after more than 60 years of exclosures in the Kruger National Park. KOEDOE: AFRICAN PROTECTED AREA CONSERVATION AND SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v64i1.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Herbivores are a main driver of ecosystem patterns and processes in semi-arid savannas, with their effects clearly observed when they are excluded from landscapes. Starting in the 1960s, various herbivore exclosures have been erected in the Kruger National Park (KNP), for research and management purposes. These exclosures vary from very small (1 m2) to relatively large (almost 900 ha), from short-term (single growing season) to long-term (e.g. some of the exclosures were erected more than 60 years ago), and are located on different geologies and across a rainfall gradient. We provide a summary of the history and specifications of various exclosures. This is followed by a systematic overview of mostly peer-reviewed literature resulting from using KNP exclosures as research sites. These 75 articles cover research on soils, vegetation dynamics, herbivore exclusion on other faunal groups and disease. We provide general patterns and mechanisms in a synthesis section, and end with recommendations to increase research outputs and productivity for future exclosure experiments.Conservation Implications: Herbivore exclosures in the KNP have become global research platforms, that have helped in the training of ecologists, veterinarians and field biologists, and have provided valuable insights into savanna dynamics that would otherwise have been hard to gain. In an age of dwindling conservation funding, we make the case for the value added by exclosures and make recommendations for their continued use as learning tools in complex African savannas.
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Naylor D, McClure R, Jansson J. Trends in Microbial Community Composition and Function by Soil Depth. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030540. [PMID: 35336115 PMCID: PMC8954175 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities play important roles in soil health, contributing to processes such as the turnover of organic matter and nutrient cycling. As soil edaphic properties such as chemical composition and physical structure change from surface layers to deeper ones, the soil microbiome similarly exhibits substantial variability with depth, with respect to both community composition and functional profiles. However, soil microbiome studies often neglect deeper soils, instead focusing on the top layer of soil. Here, we provide a synthesis on how the soil and its resident microbiome change with depth. We touch upon soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, composition, and functional profiles, with a special emphasis on carbon cycling. In doing so, we seek to highlight the importance of incorporating analyses of deeper soils in soil studies.
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Chen K, Zhou H, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Li Y, Qiao L, Liu G, Xue S. Effects of long-term nitrogen & phosphorus fertilization on soil microbial, bacterial and fungi respiration and their temperature sensitivity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12851. [PMID: 35233293 PMCID: PMC8882332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major source of carbon loss, especially in ecologically fragile regions (e.g., the Tibetan Plateau), which are also affected by global warming and anthropogenic activities (e.g., fertilization). The inherent differences between bacteria and fungi indicate that they are likely to play distinct roles in the above processes. However, there still have been no reports on that, which is restricting our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying SOC decomposition. METHODS A long-term nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition field experiment was conducted to assess their effects on soil microbial, fungal, and bacterial respiration (RM, RF, and RB, respectively) and temperature sensitivity (Q10; at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) using cycloheximide and streptomycin to inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. RESULTS We found that N suppressed RM and RF at all temperatures, but RB was only suppressed at 15 °C, regardless of the addition of P. The addition of N significantly decreased the ratio of RF/RM at 35 °C, and the combined NP treatment increased the Q10 of RB but not that of RF. Results of the redundancy analysis showed that variations in soil respiration were linked with NO3 --N formation, while the variations in Q10 were linked with SOC complexity. Long-term N addition suppressed RM by the formation of NO3 --N, and this was mediated by fungi rather than bacteria. The contribution of fungi toward SOC decomposition was weakened by N addition and increasing temperatures. Combined NP addition increased the Q10 of RB due to increased SOC complexity. The present study emphasizes the importance of fungi and the soil environment in SOC decomposition. It also highlights that the role of bacteria and SOC quality will be important in the future due to global warming and increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Regions, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China,Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Leilei Qiao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China,Qinghai University, Xining, China,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
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Cui J, Zhu R, Wang X, Xu X, Ai C, He P, Liang G, Zhou W, Zhu P. Effect of high soil C/N ratio and nitrogen limitation caused by the long-term combined organic-inorganic fertilization on the soil microbial community structure and its dominated SOC decomposition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 303:114155. [PMID: 34861507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of organic fertilizers, such as straw and manure, is an efficient approach to maintain soil productivity. However, the effect of these organic fertilizers on soil microbial nutrient balance has not yet been established. In this study, the effects of the long-term combined organic-inorganic fertilization on microbial community were investigated by conducting a 30-year-long field test. Overall, the following five fertilizer groups were employed: inorganic NP fertilizer (NP), inorganic NK fertilizer (NK), inorganic NPK fertilizer (NPK), NPK + manure (MNPK), and NPK + straw (SNPK). The results indicated that the mean natural logarithm of the soil C:N:P acquisition enzyme ratio was 1.04:1.11:1.00 under organic-inorganic treatments, which showed a deviation from its overall mean ratio of 1:1:1. This indicates that microbial resources do not have a balance. Vector analysis (vector angle <45°) and threshold elemental ratio analysis (RC:N-TERC:N > 0) further demonstrated that the microbial metabolism was limited by Nitrogen (N) under SNPK and MNPK treatments. N limitation further influenced soil microbial community structure and its dominated SOC decomposition. Specifically, Microbial communities transformed into a more oligotrophic-dominant condition (fungal, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi) from copiotrophic-dominant (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) condition with increasing N limitation. Lysobacter genus and Blastocatellaceae family, in the bacterial communities along with the Mortierella elongata species in fungal communities, were markedly associated with the N limitation, which could be the critical biomarker that represented N limitation. Both correlation analysis and partial least squares path modeling showed significant positive effects of N limitation on the ratio of bacterial functional genes (Cellulase/Amylase), involved in recalcitrant SOC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Cui
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ruili Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xiya Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chao Ai
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ping He
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Guoqing Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, 130124, PR China.
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Witcombe AM, Tiemann LK. Potential Contribution of Groundnut Residues to Soil N and the Influence of Farmer Management in Western Uganda. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.691786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Through symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), grain legumes, such as groundnuts, can enhance soil nitrogen (N) and be an important source of N fertility, as well as a critical component of human nutrition and food security. Because legumes obtain N from soil N stocks as well as BNF, legume residues are key to capturing potential N benefits for soils, which may contribute to increased yields and food production. Here, we conducted a detailed survey at household and field level within a six-village corridor along the western boundary of Kibale National Park (KNP) in western Uganda. We focused on groundnut production and residue management practices and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) in fields managed by 100 different households. We also determined SOC and TN in adjacent uncultivated KNP soils. We tested for relationships between socioeconomic factors and farmer groundnut management practices. We calculated a partial N balance and estimated potential N benefits under three scenarios for groundnut BNF. Within the study area, groundnut residue management varied greatly with 51% of surveyed farmers retaining residues on fields through spreading or incorporation, and 49% removing residues, either by transfer to banana groves or burning. Groundnut population density was relatively high with 43% of fields having >30 plants m−2. Despite providing net N inputs of up to 27 kg N ha−1, there was no observed effect of groundnut residue management practices on SOC, TN, or soil C:N ratios. Compared to uncultivated KNP soils, groundnut fields had lower mean levels of SOC and TN and wider C:N ratios. These values are consistent with cultivated soils; however, losses of SOC and TN were lower compared to losses previously reported for conversion from tropical forest to agricultural use. We found that farmer valuation and perception of groundnut residues were influential factors in residue management practices. Overall, we estimated that groundnut residues have the potential to contribute to SOC and TN stocks if retained in the field, but, conversely, removal will result in sizable losses. We find that both environmental and social contexts must be considered when recommending legumes for N provisioning services.
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Albert-Belda E, Hinojosa MB, Laudicina VA, García-Ruiz R, Pérez B, Moreno JM. Previous fire occurrence, but not fire recurrence, modulates the effect of charcoal and ash on soil C and N dynamics in Pinus pinaster Aiton forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149924. [PMID: 34525694 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of fire history on soil processes is key to characterise their resistance and resilience under future fire events. Wildfires produce pyrogenic carbonaceous material (PCM) that is incorporated into the soil, playing a critical role in the global carbon (C) cycle, but its interactions with soil processes are poorly understood. We evaluated if the previous occurrence of wildfires modulates the dynamic of soil C and nitrogen (N) and microbial community by soil ester linked fatty acids, after a new simulated low-medium intensity fire. Soils with a different fire history (none, one, two or three fires) were heat-shocked and amended with charcoal and/or ash derived from Pinus pinaster. Soil C and N mineralization rates were measured under controlled conditions, with burned soils showing lower values than unburned (without fire for more than sixty years). In general, no effects of fire recurrence were observed for any of the studied variables. Microbial biomass was lower in burned, with a clear dominance of Gram-positive bacteria in these soils. PCM amendments increased cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) production only in previously burned soils, especially when ash was added. This contrasted response to PCM between burned and unburned soils in CO2 production could be related to the effect of the previous wildfire history on soil microorganisms. In burned soils some microorganisms might have been adapted to the resulting conditions after a new fire event. Burned soils showed a significant positive priming effect after PCM amendment, mainly ash, probably due to an increased pH and phosphorous availability. Our results reveal the role of different PCMs as drivers of C and N mineralization processes in burned soils when a new fire occurs. This is relevant for improving models that evaluate the net impact of fire in C cycling and to reduce uncertainties under future changing fire regimes scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Albert-Belda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - M Belén Hinojosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Dipartamento de Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze - Edificio 4 Ingr. B, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto García-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José M Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
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Meyer N, Xu Y, Karjalainen K, Adamczyk S, Biasi C, van Delden L, Martin A, Mganga K, Myller K, Sietiö OM, Suominen O, Karhu K. Living, dead, and absent trees-How do moth outbreaks shape small-scale patterns of soil organic matter stocks and dynamics at the Subarctic mountain birch treeline? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:441-462. [PMID: 34672044 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mountain birch forests (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. czerepanovii) at the subarctic treeline not only benefit from global warming, but are also increasingly affected by caterpillar outbreaks from foliage-feeding geometrid moths. Both of these factors have unknown consequences on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and biogeochemical cycles. We measured SOC stocks down to the bedrock under living trees and under two stages of dead trees (12 and 55 years since moth outbreak) and treeless tundra in northern Finland. We also measured in-situ soil respiration, potential SOC decomposability, biological (enzyme activities and microbial biomass), and chemical (N, mineral N, and pH) soil properties. SOC stocks were significantly higher under living trees (4.1 ± 2.1 kg m²) than in the treeless tundra (2.4 ± 0.6 kg m²), and remained at an elevated level even 12 (3.7 ± 1.7 kg m²) and 55 years (4.9 ± 3.0 kg m²) after tree death. Effects of tree status on SOC stocks decreased with increasing distance from the tree and with increasing depth, that is, a significant effect of tree status was found in the organic layer, but not in mineral soil. Soil under living trees was characterized by higher mineral N contents, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and soil respiration compared with the treeless tundra; soils under dead trees were intermediate between these two. The results suggest accelerated organic matter turnover under living trees but a positive net effect on SOC stocks. Slowed organic matter turnover and continuous supply of deadwood may explain why SOC stocks remained elevated under dead trees, despite the heavy decrease in aboveground C stocks. We conclude that the increased occurrence of moth damage with climate change would have minor effects on SOC stocks, but ultimately decrease ecosystem C stocks (49% within 55 years in this area), if the mountain birch forests will not be able to recover from the outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Meyer
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Karjalainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sylwia Adamczyk
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lona van Delden
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Angela Martin
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kevin Mganga
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Kristiina Myller
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Outi-Maaria Sietiö
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Suominen
- Biodiversity Unit, Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Karhu
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (Hilife), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Etto RM, Jesus EDC, Cruz LM, Schneider BSF, Tomachewski D, Urrea-Valencia S, Gonçalves DRP, Galvão F, Ayub RA, Curcio GR, Steffens MBR, Galvão CW. Influence of environmental factors on the tropical peatlands diazotrophic communities from the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:543-554. [PMID: 34951701 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tropical peatlands of southern Brazil are essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Rain Forest, one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity in the world. Although diazotrophic microorganisms are essential for the maintenance of this nitrogen limited ecosystem, so far studies have focused only on microorganisms involved in the carbon cycle. In this work, peat samples were collected from three tropical peatland regions during dry and rainy seasons and their chemical and microbial characteristics were evaluated. Our results showed that the structure of the diazotrophic communities in the Brazilian tropical peatlands differs in the evaluated seasons. The abundance of the genus Bradyrhizobium showed to be affected by rainfall and peat pH. Despite the shifts of the nitrogen fixing population in the tropical peatland caused by seasonality it showed to be constantly dominated by α-Proteobacteria followed by Cyanobacteria. In addition, more than 50% of nifH gene sequences have not been classified, indicating the necessity for more studies in tropical peatland, since the reduction of N supply in the peatlands stimulates the recalcitrant organic matter decomposition performed by peatland microorganisms, influencing the C stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mazer Etto
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Magalhães Cruz
- Nucleus of Nitrogen Fixation, Federal University of Paraná, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Tomachewski
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Salomé Urrea-Valencia
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Franklin Galvão
- Forest Ecology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP, 80210-170, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Ayub
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Weigert Galvão
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
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