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Fontaine S, Abbadie L, Aubert M, Barot S, Bloor JMG, Derrien D, Duchene O, Gross N, Henneron L, Le Roux X, Loeuille N, Michel J, Recous S, Wipf D, Alvarez G. Plant-soil synchrony in nutrient cycles: Learning from ecosystems to design sustainable agrosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17034. [PMID: 38273527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Redesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution to global changes such as eutrophication and warming. However, guidelines for redesigning cropping systems from natural systems to make them more sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge on biogeochemical cycles in natural ecosystems, we outline four ecological systems that synchronize the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with the fluctuating nutrient demand of plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrients, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. In the ecological systems outlined, synchrony emerges from plant-soil and plant-plant interactions, eco-physiological processes, soil physicochemical processes, and the dynamics of various nutrient reservoirs, including soil organic matter, soil minerals, atmosphere, and a common market. We discuss the relative importance of these ecological systems in regulating nutrient cycles depending on the pedoclimatic context and on the functional diversity of plants and microbes. We offer ideas about how these systems could be stimulated within agrosystems to improve their sustainability. A review of the latest advances in agronomy shows that some of the practices suggested to promote synchrony (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation with perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested and shown to be effective in reducing nutrient losses, fertilizer use, and N2 O emissions and/or improving biomass production and soil carbon storage. Our framework also highlights new management strategies and defines the conditions for the success of these nature-based practices allowing for site-specific modifications. This new synthetized knowledge should help practitioners to improve the long-term productivity of agrosystems while reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Abbadie
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Aubert
- UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV-Rouen, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Barot
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette M G Bloor
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Olivier Duchene
- ISARA, Research Unit Agroecology and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Xavier Le Roux
- INRAE UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, VetAgroSup, Microbial Ecology Centre LEM, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Michel
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Recous
- INRAE, FARE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gourcerol G, Gonzalez JM, Bonaz B, Fontaine S, Zerbib F, Mion F, Basile P, Gillibert A, Labonde A, Soliman H, Vitton V, Coffin B, Jacques J. Gastric electrical stimulation versus per-oral pyloromyotomy for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with gastroparesis: An observational study of two cohorts. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023:e14565. [PMID: 36961085 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both gastric electrical stimulation (GES) and gastric-peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) can be offered to patients with gastroparesis and predominant nausea and vomiting. The study's aim was to compare GES and G-POEM efficacy on nausea and vomiting scores in patients with gastroparesis. METHODS Two multicenter cohorts of patients with medically refractory gastroparesis with predominant nausea and vomiting (defined as a score >2 on nausea and vomiting subscale that varied from 0 to 4) were treated either with GES (n = 34) or G-POEM (n = 30) and were followed for 24 months (M). Clinical response was defined as a decrease of ≥1 point in nausea and vomiting subscale without premature exclusion due to switch from one to the other technique before M24. Changes in symptomatic scales and quality of life were also monitored. KEY RESULTS Patients from both groups were comparable although the mean score of nausea and vomiting subscale was higher in GES (3.0) compared to G-POEM group (2.6; p = 0.01). At M24, clinical response was achieved in 21/34 (61.7%) patients with GES and in 21/30 (70.0%; p = 0.60) patients with G-POEM. Mean scores of nausea and vomiting subscale decreased at M24 in both GES (from 3.0 to 1.6; p < 0.001) and G-POEM (from 2.6 to 1.2; p < 0.001) groups, although there was no difference between groups (difference adjusted from baseline: -0.28 [-0.77; 0.19]; p = 0.24). Likewise, symptomatic and quality of life scores improved at M24 in both groups, without difference according to treatment group. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES At M24, we did not observe significant difference in efficacy of GES and G-POEM in medically refractory gastroparesis with predominant nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gourcerol
- Physiology and Gastroenterology Department, INSERM 1073-CIC 1404, RouenUniversity Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Bruno Bonaz
- Gastroenterology Department CHU, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Frank Zerbib
- Gastroenterology Department, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, INSERM CIC 1401, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Paul Basile
- Physiology and Gastroenterology Department, INSERM 1073-CIC 1404, RouenUniversity Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - André Gillibert
- Biostatistic Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Heithem Soliman
- Gastroenterology Department, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hopital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Colombes, France
| | - Véronique Vitton
- Gastroenterology Department, North Hospital AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Coffin
- Gastroenterology Department, Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hopital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Colombes, France
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Derrien D, Barré P, Basile-Doelsch I, Cécillon L, Chabbi A, Crème A, Fontaine S, Henneron L, Janot N, Lashermes G, Quénéa K, Rees F, Dignac MF. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 36777236 PMCID: PMC9901420 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-023-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Lauric Cécillon
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Abad Chabbi
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandra Crème
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Henneron
- USC ECODIV-Rouen 7603, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Janot
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Katell Quénéa
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rees
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-France Dignac
- INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR iEES-Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Henneron L, Balesdent J, Alvarez G, Barré P, Baudin F, Basile-Doelsch I, Cécillon L, Fernandez-Martinez A, Hatté C, Fontaine S. Bioenergetic control of soil carbon dynamics across depth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7676. [PMID: 36509763 PMCID: PMC9744916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil carbon dynamics is strongly controlled by depth globally, with increasingly slow dynamics found at depth. The mechanistic basis remains however controversial, limiting our ability to predict carbon cycle-climate feedbacks. Here we combine radiocarbon and thermal analyses with long-term incubations in absence/presence of continuously 13C/14C-labelled plants to show that bioenergetic constraints of decomposers consistently drive the depth-dependency of soil carbon dynamics over a range of mineral reactivity contexts. The slow dynamics of subsoil carbon is tightly related to both its low energy density and high activation energy of decomposition, leading to an unfavourable 'return-on-energy-investment' for decomposers. We also observe strong acceleration of millennia-old subsoil carbon decomposition induced by roots ('rhizosphere priming'), showing that sufficient supply of energy by roots is able to alleviate the strong energy limitation of decomposition. These findings demonstrate that subsoil carbon persistence results from its poor energy quality together with the lack of energy supply by roots due to their low density at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Henneron
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France ,grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV, Rouen, France
| | - Jerôme Balesdent
- grid.498067.40000 0001 0845 4216Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Barré
- grid.503359.90000 0001 2240 9892Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, IPSL, Université PSL, Laboratoire de Géologie, Paris, France
| | - François Baudin
- grid.483106.80000 0004 0366 7783CNRS, Sorbonne Université, ISTeP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
- grid.498067.40000 0001 0845 4216Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Lauric Cécillon
- grid.460771.30000 0004 1785 9671Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV, Rouen, France ,grid.503359.90000 0001 2240 9892Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, IPSL, Université PSL, Laboratoire de Géologie, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez
- grid.461907.dUniversité Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Hatté
- grid.457340.10000 0001 0584 9722CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France ,grid.425078.c0000 0004 0634 2386CSE, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- grid.494717.80000000115480420INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Parisi G, Renault V, Humblet MF, Ochelen N, Diep AN, Guillaume M, Donneau AF, Bureau F, Gillet L, Lange AC, Michel F, Fontaine S, Saegerman C. Compliance with Barrier Gestures during COVID-19 Pandemic as a Function of the Context: A Longitudinal Observational Survey at the University of Liège. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11523. [PMID: 36141805 PMCID: PMC9517517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, barrier gestures such as mask wearing, physical distancing, greetings without contact, one-way circulation flow, and hand sanitization were major strategies to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but they were only useful if consistently applied. This survey was a follow-up of the first survey performed in 2020 at the University of Liège. We aim to evaluate the compliance with these gestures on campuses and examine differences in the extent of the compliance observed in different educational activities and contexts. During 3.5 months, the counting of compliant and non-compliant behaviors was performed each week in randomly selected rooms. Using data collected during both surveys (2020 and 2021), binomial negative regression models of compliance depending on periods (teaching periods and exam sessions), type of rooms, and campuses were conducted to evaluate prevalence ratios of compliance. The percentage of compliance in this second survey was the highest for mask wearing and physical distancing during educational activities (90% and 88%, respectively) and lowest for physical distancing outside educational activities and hand sanitization (45% and 52%, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that the compliance with most gestures was significantly higher in teaching rooms than in hallways and restaurants and during exam sessions. The compliance with physical distancing was significantly higher (from 66%) in auditoriums, where students had to remain seated, than during practical works that allowed or required free movement. Therefore, the compliance with barrier gestures was associated with contextual settings, which should be considered when communicating and managing barrier gestures. Further studies should specify and confirm the determining contextual characteristics regarding the compliance with barrier gestures in times of pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Parisi
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Véronique Renault
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Vétérinaires et Agronomes Sans Frontières, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-France Humblet
- Unit of Biosafety, Biosecurity Unit and Environmental Licenses, Department of Occupational Safety and Hygiene, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Ochelen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Michèle Guillaume
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Risk Assessment Group COVID-19, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Françoise Donneau
- Biostatistics Unit, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Risk Assessment Group COVID-19, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- COVID-19 Platform, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Lange
- Récolte et Analyse des Données et Information d’Utilité Stratégique (RADIUS), Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Michel
- Risk Assessment Group COVID-19, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Récolte et Analyse des Données et Information d’Utilité Stratégique (RADIUS), Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Risk Assessment Group COVID-19, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Institute for Research in Social Sciences (IRSS), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Risk Assessment Group COVID-19, Liège University, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Mounié M, Costa N, Gourdy P, Latorre C, Schirr-Bonnans S, Lagarrigue JM, Roussel H, Martini J, Buisson JC, Chauchard MC, Delaunay J, Taoui S, Poncet MF, Cosma V, Lablanche S, Coustols-Valat M, Chaillous L, Thivolet C, Sanz C, Penfornis A, Lepage B, Colineaux H, Hanaire H, Molinier L, Turnin MC, Benhamou PY, Rodier M, Ayon F, Puel-Olivier F, Fontaine S, Perron M, Arrivié J, Cousty-Pech F, Rouby C, Lafon F, Moura I. Correction to: Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of a Remote Monitoring Programme Including Lifestyle Education Software in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the Educ@dom Study. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1131-1132. [PMID: 35316510 PMCID: PMC9076765 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mounié
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nadège Costa
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Latorre
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Solène Schirr-Bonnans
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Henri Roussel
- CNAM, DRSM Occitanie, 2 rue Georges Vivent, 31082, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Martini
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- DIAMIP Network, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Chauchard
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- DIAMIP Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacqueline Delaunay
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Soumia Taoui
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfred Penfornis
- Sud Francilien Hospital, Corbeil-Essonnes, and Paris-Saclay University, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Benoît Lepage
- Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Colineaux
- Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Hanaire
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Molinier
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Turnin
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Bernard L, Basile‐Doelsch I, Derrien D, Fanin N, Fontaine S, Guenet B, Karimi B, Marsden C, Maron P. Advancing the mechanistic understanding of the priming effect on soil organic matter mineralisation. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Bernard
- IRD UMR Eco&Sols INRAE, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier 2 place Viala Bt12 34060 Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 Villenave‐d’Ornon Cedex F33882 France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie Ecole Normale Supérieure/CNRS UMR8538 IPSL PSL Research University Paris France
| | | | - Claire Marsden
- Institut Agro UMR Eco&Sols, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD Univ Montpellier 2 place Viala Bt12 34060
| | - Pierre‐Alain Maron
- INRAE UMR AgroEcologie AgroSup Dijon, BP 87999, CEDEX 21079 Dijon France
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8
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Denoël V, Bruyère O, Louppe G, Bureau F, D'orio V, Fontaine S, Gillet L, Guillaume M, Haubruge É, Lange AC, Michel F, Hulle RV, Arnst M, Donneau AF, Saegerman C. Decision-based interactive model to determine re-opening conditions of a large university campus in Belgium during the first COVID-19 wave. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:71. [PMID: 35241162 PMCID: PMC8894091 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role played by large-scale repetitive SARS-CoV-2 screening programs within university populations interacting continuously with an urban environment, is unknown. Our objective was to develop a model capable of predicting the dispersion of viral contamination among university populations dividing their time between social and academic environments. Methods Data was collected through real, large-scale testing developed at the University of Liège, Belgium, during the period Sept. 28th-Oct. 29th 2020. The screening, offered to students and staff (n = 30,000), began 2 weeks after the re-opening of the campus but had to be halted after 5 weeks due to an imposed general lockdown. The data was then used to feed a two-population model (University + surrounding environment) implementing a generalized susceptible-exposed-infected-removed compartmental modeling framework. Results The considered two-population model was sufficiently versatile to capture the known dynamics of the pandemic. The reproduction number was estimated to be significantly larger on campus than in the urban population, with a net difference of 0.5 in the most severe conditions. The low adhesion rate for screening (22.6% on average) and the large reproduction number meant the pandemic could not be contained. However, the weekly screening could have prevented 1393 cases (i.e. 4.6% of the university population; 95% CI: 4.4–4.8%) compared to a modeled situation without testing. Conclusion In a real life setting in a University campus, periodic screening could contribute to limiting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic cycle but is highly dependent on its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Denoël
- Structural & Stochastic Dynamics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium, Allée de la découverte 9, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing, Liège, Belgium. .,Research Unit in Public Health, Epidemiology and Health, Economics, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Av. Hippocrate 13, CHU B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Gilles Louppe
- Montefiore Institute, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Liège, Allée de la Découverte 10, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, ULiège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULiège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Vincent D'orio
- Research Unit in Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Institute for Research in Social Sciences (IRSS), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Liège, Place des Orateurs, 3, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULiège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, ULiège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Research Unit in Biostatistics and Research Methods, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Av. Hippocrate 13, CHU B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Éric Haubruge
- Terra Research Center, Gembloux AgroBioTech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes, 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Lange
- Récolte et Analyse de Données et d'Information d'Utilité Stratégique (RADIUS), University of Liège, Place du 20-Août, 7, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Michel
- Récolte et Analyse de Données et d'Information d'Utilité Stratégique (RADIUS), University of Liège, Place du 20-Août, 7, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Romain Van Hulle
- Structural & Stochastic Dynamics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium, Allée de la découverte 9, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maarten Arnst
- Computational and stochastic modelling, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Liège, Allée de la découverte 9, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Françoise Donneau
- Research Unit in Biostatistics and Research Methods, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Av. Hippocrate 13, CHU B23, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
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Fanin N, Mooshammer M, Sauvadet M, Meng C, Alvarez G, Bernard L, Bertrand I, Blagodatskaya E, Bon L, Fontaine S, Niu S, Lashermes G, Maxwell TL, Weintraub M, Wingate L, Moorhead D, Nottingham A. Soil enzymes in response to climate warming: mechanisms and feedbacks. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marie Sauvadet
- CIRAD UPR GECO F97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique France
- CIRAD, GECO Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Cheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Laëtitia Bernard
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Isabelle Bertrand
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle, Saale Germany
- Agro‐Technological Institute RUDN University Moscow Russia
| | - Lucie Bon
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gwenaelle Lashermes
- INRAE Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne UMR A 614 FARE 51097 Reims France
| | - Tania L. Maxwell
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | | | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Daryl Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo 2801 W. Bancroft St Toledo Ohio 43606‐3390 USA
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10
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Renault V, Fontaine S, Mpouam SE, Saegerman C. Main determinants of the acceptance of COVID-19 control measures by the population: A first pilot survey at the University of Liege, Belgium. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e1065-e1078. [PMID: 34870377 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to control the COVID-19 pandemic, barrier gestures were used to reduce the transmission of the virus within a community and avoid large peaks of infections with the risk of overwhelming the healthcare systems. The acceptability of these measures is the backbone of their successful implementation. However, population compliance with these measures within a community is uncertain, even when mandatory. At the beginning of the 2020-2021 academic year, the University of Liege complemented these measures, by organizing a weekly screening by saliva testing on a voluntary basis for all its workers and students. Their compliance with the different measures was necessary for effective control program and an intensive communication plan was implemented throughout the 2020-2021 academic year for that purpose METHOD AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: An online survey was launched upon the implementation of the saliva testing in order (i) to assess the level of acceptance of the different measures by the university workers and students and (ii) to identify the factors determining their acceptance (based on the Health Belief Model) and their reported level of implementation. A total of 921 responses was received and analysed by sub-group comparison, structural equation modelling and multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Health motivation, susceptibility, severity and perception of benefits were identified as the key determinants of protective measures acceptance CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: In order to influence positively these mental constructs and to increase the level of implementation of control measures, it is therefore recommended to raise the awareness of the university workers and students about their self and collective responsibility to protect themselves and the population at risk that can be severely affected by the disease. The non-medical faculties (i.e. the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine excluded) should be specifically targeted as their heath motivation was significantly lower. This survey demonstrates that the risk mitigation strategies against COVID-19 should integrate the importance of individual perception. The methodology developed in this survey can be generalised in space and time, in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Renault
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied in Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for Research in Social Sciences (IRSS), University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Serge Eugène Mpouam
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied in Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Renault V, Humblet MF, Parisi G, Donneau AF, Bureau F, Gillet L, Fontaine S, Saegerman C. The First Random Observational Survey of Barrier Gestures against COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18199972. [PMID: 34639273 PMCID: PMC8507660 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of COVID-19 in Belgium, face-to-face teaching activities were allowed in Belgian universities at the beginning of the 2020–2021 academic year. Nevertheless, several control measures were established to control COVID-19 transmission on the campuses. To ensure compliance with these measures, a random observational survey, based on five barrier gestures, was implemented at the University of Liege (greetings without contact, hand sanitisation, following a one-way traffic flow, wearing a mask and physical distancing). Each barrier gesture was weighted, based on experts’ elicitation, and a scoring system was developed. The results were presented as a diagram (to identify the margin of improvement for each barrier gesture) and a risk management barometer. In total, 526 h of observations were performed. The study revealed that some possible improvements could be made in the management of facilities, in terms of room allocation, the functionality of hydro-alcoholic gel dispensers, floor markings and one-way traffic flow. Compliance with the barrier gestures reached an overall weighted score of 68.2 (between 0 and 100). Three barrier gestures presented a lower implementation rate and should be addressed: the use of hydro-alcoholic gel (particularly when exiting buildings), compliance with the traffic flow and the maintenance of a 1.5 m physical distance outside of the auditoriums. The methodology and tool developed in the present study can easily be applied to other settings. They were proven to be useful in managing COVID-19, as the barometer that was developed and the outcomes of this survey enabled an improved risk assessment on campuses, and identified the critical points to be addressed in any further public health communication or education messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Renault
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal Health (FARAH) Centre, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (V.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Marie-France Humblet
- Unit Biosafety, Department for Occupational Protection and Hygiene, Biosecurity and Environmental Licences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Gianni Parisi
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal Health (FARAH) Centre, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (V.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal Health (FARAH) Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal Health (FARAH) Centre, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (V.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Renault V, Fontaine S, Saegerman C. Factors Determining the Implementation of Measures Aimed at Preventing Zoonotic Diseases in Veterinary Practices. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040436. [PMID: 33917398 PMCID: PMC8067436 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonoses prevention relies mainly on the implementation of different biosecurity measures. This study aimed to assess the level of implementation of biosecurity measures by veterinary practitioners and students and to identify the possible behaviour change determinants. METHODS The data was collected through a cross-sectional survey (N = 382). Statistical analyses were implemented based on the Health Belief Model to identify the possible determinant of the behaviours and the explanatory variables of the perceptions. RESULTS The survey showed a good level of implementation of the biosecurity measures (median of 81%). The implementation was associated with a higher perception of the zoonoses' susceptibility and the measures' benefits, and with a lower perception of the zoonoses' severity. The study also revealed that the decision to implement a measure was mainly taken on a case-by-case basis depending on the perceived risk of exposure related to a specific context or intervention. CONCLUSION The main determining factors identified for the implementation of biosecurity measures (BSMs) were the risk susceptibility and the benefits of the biosecurity measures, which could be influenced by evidence-based communication. The methodology developed can be applied regularly and in other countries to better capture these changes in perceptions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Renault
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal Health (FARAH) Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Research Institute in Social Sciences, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiege), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal Health (FARAH) Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Henneron L, Kardol P, Wardle DA, Cros C, Fontaine S. Rhizosphere control of soil nitrogen cycling: a key component of plant economic strategies. New Phytol 2020; 228:1269-1282. [PMID: 32562506 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plant species influence soil nutrient cycling is a major theme in terrestrial ecosystem ecology. However, the prevailing paradigm has mostly focused on litter decomposition, while rhizosphere effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition have attracted little attention. Using a dual 13 C/15 N labeling approach in a 'common garden' glasshouse experiment, we investigated how the economic strategies of 12 grassland plant species (graminoids, forbs and legumes) drive soil nitrogen (N) cycling via rhizosphere processes, and how this in turn affects plant N acquisition and growth. Acquisitive species with higher photosynthesis, carbon rhizodeposition and N uptake than conservative species induced a stronger acceleration of soil N cycling through rhizosphere priming of SOM decomposition. This allowed them to take up larger amounts of N and allocate it above ground to promote photosynthesis, thereby sustaining their faster growth. The N2 -fixation ability of legumes enhanced rhizosphere priming by promoting photosynthesis and rhizodeposition. Our study demonstrates that the economic strategies of plant species regulate a plant-soil carbon-nitrogen feedback operating through the rhizosphere. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into how plant species with contrasting economic strategies sustain their nutrition and growth through regulating the cycling of nutrients by soil microbes in their rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Henneron
- UREP - UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- ECODIV, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Camille Cros
- UREP - UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- UREP - UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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14
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Ducrotte P, Coffin B, Bonaz B, Fontaine S, Bruley Des Varannes S, Zerbib F, Caiazzo R, Grimaud JC, Mion F, Hadjadj S, Valensi PE, Vuitton L, Charpentier G, Ropert A, Altwegg R, Pouderoux P, Dorval E, Dapoigny M, Duboc H, Benhamou PY, Schmidt A, Donnadieu N, Gourcerol G, Guerci B. Gastric Electrical Stimulation Reduces Refractory Vomiting in a Randomized Crossover Trial. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:506-514.e2. [PMID: 31647902 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There have been conflicting results from trials of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for treatment of refractory vomiting, associated or not with gastroparesis. We performed a large, multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial with crossover to study the efficacy of GES in patients with refractory vomiting, with or without gastroparesis. METHODS For 4 months, we assessed symptoms in 172 patients (66% women; mean age ± standard deviation, 45 ± 12 years; 133 with gastroparesis) with chronic (>12 months) of refractory vomiting (idiopathic, associated with a type 1 or 2 diabetes, or postsurgical). A GES device was implanted and left unactivated until patients were randomly assigned, in a double-blind manner, to groups that received 4 months of stimulation parameters (14 Hz, 5 mA, pulses of 330 μs) or no stimulation (control); 149 patients then crossed over to the other group for 4 months. Patients were examined at the end of each 4-month period (at 5 and 9 months after implantation). Primary endpoints were vomiting score, ranging from 0 (daily vomiting) to 4 (no vomiting), and the quality of life, assessed by the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index scoring system. Secondary endpoints were changes in other digestive symptoms, nutritional status, gastric emptying, and control of diabetes. RESULTS During both phases of the crossover study, vomiting scores were higher in the group with the device on (median score, 2) than the control group (median score, 1; P < .001), in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Vomiting scores increased significantly when the device was ON in patients with delayed (P < .01) or normal gastric emptying (P = .05). Gastric emptying was not accelerated during the ON period compared with the OFF period. Having the GES turned on was not associated with increased quality of life. CONCLUSIONS In a randomized crossover study, we found that GES reduced the frequency of refractory vomiting in patients with and without diabetes, although it did not accelerate gastric emptying or increase of quality of life. Clinicaltrials.gov, Number: NCT00903799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ducrotte
- Rouen University Hospital-Inserm UMR 1073/Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
| | | | - Bruno Bonaz
- Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Frank Zerbib
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Oncology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Romain Altwegg
- Montpellier University Hospital-Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Michel Dapoigny
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Henri Duboc
- Paris-HP Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Donnadieu
- Rouen University Hospital-Inserm UMR 1073/Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Rouen University Hospital-Inserm UMR 1073/Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France.
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15
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Lussey-Lepoutre C, Bellucci A, Burnichon N, Amar L, Buffet A, Drossart T, Fontaine S, Clement O, Benit P, Rustin P, Groussin L, Meatchi T, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Tavitian B, Favier J. Succinate detection using in vivo 1H-MR spectroscopy identifies germline and somatic SDHx mutations in paragangliomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1510-1517. [PMID: 31834447 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations in genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are frequent in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). They lead to SDH inactivation, mediating a massive accumulation of succinate, which constitutes a highly specific biomarker of SDHx-mutated tumors when measured in vitro. In a recent pilot study, we showed that magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) optimized for succinate detection (SUCCES) could detect succinate in vivo in both allografted mouse models and PPGL patients. The objective of this study was to prospectively assess the diagnostic performances of 1H-MRS SUCCES sequence for the identification of SDH deficiency in PPGL patients. METHODS Forty-nine patients presenting with 50 PPGLs were prospectively enrolled in our referral center for 1H-MRS SUCCES. Two observers blinded to the clinical characteristics and genetic status analyzed the presence of a succinate peak and confronted the results to a composite gold standard combining PPGL genetic testing and/or in vitro protein analyses in the tumor. RESULTS A succinate peak was observed in 20 tumors, all of which had proven SDH deficiency using the gold standard (17 patients with germline SDHx mutations, 2 with a somatic SDHD mutation, and 1 with negative SDHB IHC and SDH loss of function). A false negative result was observed in 3 tumors. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 1H-MRS SUCCES were respectively 87%, 100%, 100%, 90%, and 94%. CONCLUSIONS Detection of succinate using 1H-MRS is a highly specific and sensitive hallmark of SDH-deficiency in PPGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France. .,PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.
| | - Alexandre Bellucci
- Radiology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Burnichon
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Genetic department, adrenal referral center, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Hypertension Unit, adrenal referral center and EURACAN, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Buffet
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Clinical Investigation Center, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Tom Drossart
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Genetic department, adrenal referral center, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Radiology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Clement
- Radiology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Paule Benit
- Hôpital Robert Debré, Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm UMR1141, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rustin
- Hôpital Robert Debré, Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm UMR1141, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Groussin
- INSERM UMR1016 et CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Endocrinology, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tchao Meatchi
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.,Genetic department, adrenal referral center, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- Radiology department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Judith Favier
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
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Bentellis I, Alimi Q, Senal N, Mathieu L, Fontaine S, Manunta A, Voiry C, Honoré T, Hascoet J, Kerdraon J, Peyronnet B. La neurostimulation tibiale postérieure est-elle aussi efficace chez les patients neurologiques que non neurologiques ? Prog Urol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Chabrillac E, Zerdoud S, Fontaine S, Sarini J. Multifocal recurrence on the transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy incision. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2019; 137:59-60. [PMID: 31178429 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Robotic thyroidectomy (RT) has been reported to achieve satisfactory results. However, its long-term oncological results have not been validated. The use of RT to treat thyroid cancer comprises specific risks that are not encountered with open thyroidectomy (OT). CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a patient operated by two-stage RT for stage pT3a follicular carcinoma, followed by tumour seeding along the incision despite adjuvant Iodine-131 therapy and external beam radiotherapy. DISCUSSION This case illustrates the limitations and insufficient perspective of RT for thyroid cancer, with the recent discovery of a risk of tumour seeding along the incision. Rigorous patient selection should help to avoid this risk of tumour seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chabrillac
- Département de chirurgie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopôle, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | - S Zerdoud
- Département de médecine nucléaire, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopôle, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - S Fontaine
- Centre Toulouse thyroïde, clinique Rive-Gauche, 49, allées Charles-de-Fitte, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - J Sarini
- Département de chirurgie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopôle, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Gennin A, Brasselet P, Pestiaux S, Liddo G, Benneleck C, Ilunga S, Deshorgue A, Clerquin B, Le Coq B, Dezfoulian G, El Beki N, Fontaine S, Bonnet P. Route of health” facilitate early recovery of physical activity after major abdominal surgery. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alvarez G, Shahzad T, Andanson L, Bahn M, Wallenstein MD, Fontaine S. Catalytic power of enzymes decreases with temperature: New insights for understanding soil C cycling and microbial ecology under warming. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:4238-4250. [PMID: 29682861 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most current models of soil C dynamics predict that climate warming will accelerate soil C mineralization, resulting in a long-term CO2 release and positive feedback to global warming. However, ecosystem warming experiments show that CO2 loss from warmed soils declines to control levels within a few years. Here, we explore the temperature dependence of enzymatic conversion of polymerized soil organic C (SOC) into assimilable compounds, which is presumed the rate-limiting step of SOC mineralization. Combining literature review, modelling and enzyme assays, we studied the effect of temperature on activity of enzymes considering their thermal inactivation and catalytic activity. We defined the catalytic power of enzymes (Epower ) as the cumulative amount of degraded substrate by one unit of enzyme until its complete inactivation. We show a universal pattern of enzyme's thermodynamic properties: activation energy of catalytic activity (EAcat ) < activation energy of thermal inactivation (EAinact ). By investing in stable enzymes (high EAinact ) having high catalytic activity (low EAcat ), microorganisms may maximize the Epower of their enzymes. The counterpart of such EAs' hierarchical pattern is the higher relative temperature sensitivity of enzyme inactivation than catalysis, resulting in a reduction in Epower under warming. Our findings could explain the decrease with temperature in soil enzyme pools, microbial biomass (MB) and carbon use efficiency (CUE) reported in some warming experiments and studies monitoring the seasonal variation in soil enzymes. They also suggest that a decrease in soil enzyme pools due to their faster inactivation under warming contributes to the observed attenuation of warming effect on soil C mineralization. This testable theory predicts that the ultimate response of SOC degradation to warming can be positive or negative depending on the relative temperature response of Epower and microbial production of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Alvarez
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tanvir Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University-Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Laurence Andanson
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Bahn
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthew D Wallenstein
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Reid J, Morris J, Fontaine S, Scott E, Noble C, Nolan A. Initial Evidence to Support the use of Health-Related Quality of Life Measurement to Quantify the Impact of Cancer in Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1660889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Reid
- NewMetrica Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J. Morris
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - S. Fontaine
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - E. Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C. Noble
- NewMetrica Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A. Nolan
- Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Fontaine S, Stahl C, Klumpp K, Picon-Cochard C, Grise MM, Dezécache C, Ponchant L, Freycon V, Blanc L, Bonal D, Burban B, Soussana JF, Blanfort V, Alvarez G. Response to Editor to the comment by Schipper & Smith to our paper entitled "Continuous soil carbon storage of old permanent pastures in Amazonia". Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e732-e733. [PMID: 29266561 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katja Klumpp
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 874, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | | | - Marcia M Grise
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA, Belém Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Lise Ponchant
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 874, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | | | - Lilian Blanc
- CIRAD, UR 105 « Forêts et sociétés », Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR 874, Clermont Ferrand, France
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22
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Annoussamy M, Lilien C, Gidaro T, Gargaun E, Chê V, Schara U, D'Amico A, Daron A, Cuisset J, Mayer M, Hernandez A, Vuillerot C, Fontaine S, de Lattre C, Bellance R, Biancalana V, Buj-Bello A, Hogrel J, Landy H, Servais L. Longitudinal data of patients with myotubular myopathy enrolled in a European prospective and longitudinal natural history study. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Stahl C, Fontaine S, Klumpp K, Picon-Cochard C, Grise MM, Dezécache C, Ponchant L, Freycon V, Blanc L, Bonal D, Burban B, Soussana JF, Blanfort V. Continuous soil carbon storage of old permanent pastures in Amazonia. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3382-3392. [PMID: 27966250 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian forests continuously accumulate carbon (C) in biomass and in soil, representing a carbon sink of 0.42-0.65 GtC yr-1 . In recent decades, more than 15% of Amazonian forests have been converted into pastures, resulting in net C emissions (~200 tC ha-1 ) due to biomass burning and litter mineralization in the first years after deforestation. However, little is known about the capacity of tropical pastures to restore a C sink. Our study shows in French Amazonia that the C storage observed in native forest can be partly restored in old (≥24 year) tropical pastures managed with a low stocking rate (±1 LSU ha-1 ) and without the use of fire since their establishment. A unique combination of a large chronosequence study and eddy covariance measurements showed that pastures stored between -1.27 ± 0.37 and -5.31 ± 2.08 tC ha-1 yr-1 while the nearby native forest stored -3.31 ± 0.44 tC ha-1 yr-1 . This carbon is mainly sequestered in the humus of deep soil layers (20-100 cm), whereas no C storage was observed in the 0- to 20-cm layer. C storage in C4 tropical pasture is associated with the installation and development of C3 species, which increase either the input of N to the ecosystem or the C:N ratio of soil organic matter. Efforts to curb deforestation remain an obvious priority to preserve forest C stocks and biodiversity. However, our results show that if sustainable management is applied in tropical pastures coming from deforestation (avoiding fires and overgrazing, using a grazing rotation plan and a mixture of C3 and C4 species), they can ensure a continuous C storage, thereby adding to the current C sink of Amazonian forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Stahl
- CIRAD, UMR Selmet, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
- INRA, UMR 0745 Ecofog, Campus Agronomique, 97379, Kourou, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRA, UR 874, Grassland Ecosystem Research Team, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katja Klumpp
- INRA, UR 874, Grassland Ecosystem Research Team, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Marcia Mascarenhas Grise
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA, Tv. Enéas Pinheiro s/n, Belém Pará, Brazil
| | - Camille Dezécache
- CIRAD, UMR Selmet, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Lise Ponchant
- CIRAD, UMR Selmet, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Freycon
- CIRAD, UR 105 'Forêts et sociétés', 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Lilian Blanc
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA, Tv. Enéas Pinheiro s/n, Belém Pará, Brazil
- CIRAD, UR 105 'Forêts et sociétés', 34398, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Benoit Burban
- INRA, UMR 0745 Ecofog, Campus Agronomique, 97379, Kourou, France
| | | | - Vincent Blanfort
- CIRAD, UMR Selmet, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France
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Helm J, McBrearty A, Fontaine S, Morrison R, Yam P. Use of accelerometry to investigate physical activity in dogs receiving chemotherapy. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:600-609. [PMID: 27709617 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a preliminary study to assess whether single-agent palliative or adjuvant chemotherapy has an impact on objectively measured physical activity in dogs. METHODS Fifteen dogs with neoplasia (treatment group) wore ActiGraph™ accelerometers for 5-day periods before, during and after receiving single-agent adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. Mean 5-day total physical activity and time spent in three different intensities of activity (sedentary, light-moderate and vigorous) before, during and after receiving chemotherapy were compared to a group of 15 healthy dogs (control group). Results were also compared within the treatment group across time. RESULTS Prior to chemotherapy, treated dogs tended to be less active than control dogs. Treatment group dogs were slightly more active at restaging than they were prior to treatment but had similar activity levels to control dogs. Marked effects of chemotherapy on physical activity were not detected. Physical activity was slightly lower in treated dogs during chemotherapy when compared to control dogs but there was a slight increase in physical activity of treated dogs during chemotherapy when compared with pretreatment recordings. There was little change in the mean 5-day total physical activity between treated dogs during chemotherapy and at restaging but a mild decrease in time spent sedentary and increase in time spent in light-moderate activity at this comparison of time points. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Single-agent adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy had minimal impact on physical activity levels in dogs with neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Helm
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH.
| | - A McBrearty
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - S Fontaine
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - R Morrison
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
| | - P Yam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH
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25
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Annoussamy M, Lilien C, Gidaro T, Gargaun E, Chê V, Schara U, Gangfuss A, Daron A, Cuisset J, Mayer M, Arnal J, Hernandez A, Vuillerot C, Fontaine S, Biancalana V, Buj-Bello A, Hogrel J, Landy H, Servais L. Baseline data from patients with myotubular myopathy enrolled in a European prospective and longitudinal natural history study. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Chabanon A, Pereon Y, Daron A, Cances C, Vuillerot C, Fontaine S, Goemans N, De Waele L, Laugel V, Cuisset J, Schara U, Gangfuss A, Gidaro T, Gargaun E, Marquet A, Villeret M, Phelep A, Annoussamy M, Servais L. Baseline data from a European prospective and longitudinal natural history study of patients with type 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy – NatHis-SMA. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Capon G, Caremel R, de Sèze M, Even A, Fontaine S, Loche CM, Bart S, Castel-Lacanal E, Duchêne F, Karsenty G, Mouracade P, Perrouin-Verbe MA, Phé V, Rey D, Scheiber-Nogueira MC, Gamé X. [The impact of mellitus diabetes on the lower urinary tract: A review of Neuro-urology Committee of the French Association of Urology]. Prog Urol 2015; 26:245-53. [PMID: 26452712 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Specify urinary functional impairment associated with diabetic pathology. Propose guidance for screening, monitoring of clinical signs of lower urinary tract (LUTS) and describe the specifics of the urological treatment of patients. METHODS A review of literature using PubMed library was performed using the following keywords alone or in combination: "diabetes mellitus", "diabetic cystopathy", "overactive bladder", "bladder dysfunction", "urodynamics", "nocturia". RESULTS LUTS are more common in the diabetic population with an estimated prevalence between 37 and 70 %, and are probably underevaluated in routine practice. They are heterogeneous and are frequently associated with other diabetic complications. Both storage and voiding symptoms can coexist. Despite a major evaluation in the literature, no recommendation supervises the assessment and management of LUTS in this specific population. An annual screening including medical history, bladder and kidney ultrasound and post-void residual measurement is required in the follow-up of diabetic patients. Specific urologial referral and urodynamic investigations will be performed according to the findings of first-line investigations. The type of bladder dysfunction, the risk of urinary tract infections and dysautonomia should be considered in the specific urological management of these patients. CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts on the lower urinary tract function. A screening of LUTS is required as well as other complications of diabetes. The management of LUTS must take into consideration the specific risks of the diabetic patient regarding the loss of bladder contractility, the possibility of dysautonomia and infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Capon
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - R Caremel
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M de Sèze
- Cabinet de neuro-urologie, urodynamique et pelvipérinéologie, clinique Saint-Augustin, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Even
- Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, 92340 Garches, France
| | - S Fontaine
- Service de médecine interne, endocrinologie, diabète, nutrition, hôpital Joseph-Ducuing, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - C-M Loche
- Service de rééducation neurolocomotrice, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S Bart
- Service d'urologie, centre hospitalier René-Dubos, 95300 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - E Castel-Lacanal
- Service de médecine physique et réadaptation, CHU Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F Duchêne
- Service d'urologie, clinique de l'Alliance, 37540 Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, France
| | - G Karsenty
- Service d'urologie et de transplantation rénale, hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - P Mouracade
- Service d'urologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M-A Perrouin-Verbe
- Service d'urologie, hôpital de la Cavale-Blanche, CHU de Brest, 29609 Brest, France
| | - V Phé
- Service d'urologie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, université Paris VI, 75013 Paris, France
| | - D Rey
- Clinique Saint-Augustin, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M-C Scheiber-Nogueira
- Services d'urologie et d'explorations neurologiques, CHU Lyon Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - X Gamé
- Service d'urologie, CHU Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Lussey-Lepoutre C, Bellucci A, Morin A, Buffet A, Amar L, Janin M, Ottolenghi C, Zinzindohoué F, Autret G, Burnichon N, Robidel E, Banting B, Fontaine S, Cuenod CA, Benit P, Rustin P, Halimi P, Fournier L, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Favier J, Tavitian B. In Vivo Detection of Succinate by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Hallmark of SDHx Mutations in Paraganglioma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1120-9. [PMID: 26490314 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are found in patients with paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and renal cancers. SDH inactivation leads to a massive accumulation of succinate, acting as an oncometabolite and which levels, assessed on surgically resected tissue are a highly specific biomarker of SDHx-mutated tumors. The aim of this study was to address the feasibility of detecting succinate in vivo by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A pulsed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) sequence was developed, optimized, and applied to image nude mice grafted with Sdhb(-/-) or wild-type chromaffin cells. The method was then applied to patients with paraganglioma carrying (n = 5) or not (n = 4) an SDHx gene mutation. Following surgery, succinate was measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and SDH protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in resected tumors. RESULTS A succinate peak was observed at 2.44 ppm by (1)H-MRS in all Sdhb(-/-)-derived tumors in mice and in all paragangliomas of patients carrying an SDHx gene mutation, but neither in wild-type mouse tumors nor in patients exempt of SDHx mutation. In one patient, (1)H-MRS results led to the identification of an unsuspected SDHA gene mutation. In another case, it helped define the pathogenicity of a variant of unknown significance in the SDHB gene. CONCLUSIONS Detection of succinate by (1)H-MRS is a highly specific and sensitive hallmark of SDHx mutations. This noninvasive approach is a simple and robust method allowing in vivo detection of the major biomarker of SDHx-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Bellucci
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Morin
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Buffet
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'hypertension artérielle et médecine vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Janin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France. INSERM, U1124, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France. INSERM, U1124, Paris, France
| | - Franck Zinzindohoué
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Paris, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Burnichon
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Robidel
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Banting
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Charles-André Cuenod
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Paule Benit
- INSERM, UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France. Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM, UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France. Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Halimi
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Laure Fournier
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Judith Favier
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.
| | - Bertrand Tavitian
- INSERM, UMR970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France
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Lourtet-Hascoet J, Le Grusse J, Fontaine S, Caron P. Thyroid tuberculosis: A new case and review of the literature. Annales d'Endocrinologie 2015; 76:635-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.07.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Perveen N, Barot S, Alvarez G, Klumpp K, Martin R, Rapaport A, Herfurth D, Louault F, Fontaine S. Priming effect and microbial diversity in ecosystem functioning and response to global change: a modeling approach using the SYMPHONY model. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:1174-90. [PMID: 24339186 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Integration of the priming effect (PE) in ecosystem models is crucial to better predict the consequences of global change on ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics and its feedbacks on climate. Over the last decade, many attempts have been made to model PE in soil. However, PE has not yet been incorporated into any ecosystem models. Here, we build plant/soil models to explore how PE and microbial diversity influence soil/plant interactions and ecosystem C and nitrogen (N) dynamics in response to global change (elevated CO2 and atmospheric N depositions). Our results show that plant persistence, soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation, and low N leaching in undisturbed ecosystems relies on a fine adjustment of microbial N mineralization to plant N uptake. This adjustment can be modeled in the SYMPHONY model by considering the destruction of SOM through PE, and the interactions between two microbial functional groups: SOM decomposers and SOM builders. After estimation of parameters, SYMPHONY provided realistic predictions on forage production, soil C storage and N leaching for a permanent grassland. Consistent with recent observations, SYMPHONY predicted a CO2 -induced modification of soil microbial communities leading to an intensification of SOM mineralization and a decrease in the soil C stock. SYMPHONY also indicated that atmospheric N deposition may promote SOM accumulation via changes in the structure and metabolic activities of microbial communities. Collectively, these results suggest that the PE and functional role of microbial diversity may be incorporated in ecosystem models with a few additional parameters, improving accuracy of predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Perveen
- INRA, UR874 (Unité Recherche d'Ecosystème prairial), 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63039, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Michaud M, Moulis G, Inchauspe A, Broussaud S, Garipuy D, Fontaine S, Ferro MJ, Couteau C, Tack I, Vallet M, Gaches F. Myopathie et évaluation du débit de filtration glomérulaire : situation piège. Rev Med Interne 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2013.03.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pascault N, Ranjard L, Kaisermann A, Bachar D, Christen R, Terrat S, Mathieu O, Lévêque J, Mougel C, Henault C, Lemanceau P, Péan M, Boiry S, Fontaine S, Maron PA. Stimulation of Different Functional Groups of Bacteria by Various Plant Residues as a Driver of Soil Priming Effect. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ashrafpoor G, Kachenoura N, Bollache E, Macron L, Azarine A, Bruguière E, Fontaine S, Desnos M, Hagège AA, Mousseaux E, Redheuil A. Assessment of diastolic function from velocity-encoded cardiac magnetic resonance data in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3559735 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-p170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ducloy-Bouthors AS, Duhamel A, Jude B, Broisin F, Huissoud C, Mandelbrot L, Keita-Meyer H, Tillouche N, Fontaine S, Susen S. O201 HIGH DOSE TRANEXAMIC ACID REDUCES BLOOD LOSS IN POST-PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maire V, Martre P, Kattge J, Gastal F, Esser G, Fontaine S, Soussana JF. The coordination of leaf photosynthesis links C and N fluxes in C3 plant species. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38345. [PMID: 22685562 PMCID: PMC3369925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic capacity is one of the most sensitive parameters in vegetation models and its relationship to leaf nitrogen content links the carbon and nitrogen cycles. Process understanding for reliably predicting photosynthetic capacity is still missing. To advance this understanding we have tested across C(3) plant species the coordination hypothesis, which assumes nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic processes such that photosynthesis tends to be co-limited by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration. The coordination hypothesis yields an analytical solution to predict photosynthetic capacity and calculate area-based leaf nitrogen content (N(a)). The resulting model linking leaf photosynthesis, stomata conductance and nitrogen investment provides testable hypotheses about the physiological regulation of these processes. Based on a dataset of 293 observations for 31 species grown under a range of environmental conditions, we confirm the coordination hypothesis: under mean environmental conditions experienced by leaves during the preceding month, RuBP carboxylation equals RuBP regeneration. We identify three key parameters for photosynthetic coordination: specific leaf area and two photosynthetic traits (k(3), which modulates N investment and is the ratio of RuBP carboxylation/oxygenation capacity (V(Cmax)) to leaf photosynthetic N content (N(pa)); and J(fac), which modulates photosynthesis for a given k(3) and is the ratio of RuBP regeneration capacity (J(max)) to V(Cmax)). With species-specific parameter values of SLA, k(3) and J(fac), our leaf photosynthesis coordination model accounts for 93% of the total variance in N(a) across species and environmental conditions. A calibration by plant functional type of k(3) and J(fac) still leads to accurate model prediction of N(a), while SLA calibration is essentially required at species level. Observed variations in k(3) and J(fac) are partly explained by environmental and phylogenetic constraints, while SLA variation is partly explained by phylogeny. These results open a new avenue for predicting photosynthetic capacity and leaf nitrogen content in vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Martre
- INRA, UMR1095 GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 GDEC, Aubière, France
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Esser
- Justus Liebig University, Institute for Plant Ecology, Giessen, Germany
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Fontaine S. [Treatment of diabetic gastroparesis]. Soins 2012:S17-S20. [PMID: 22649856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastroparesis is a chronic complication of diabetes the appearance of which is linked to prolonged exposure to chronic hyperglycaemia. Its physiopathology, its clinical expression, its diagnosis (particularly through gastric scintigraphy) and its treatment, notably by gastric electrical stimulation are specific.
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Pavy-Le Traon A, Fontaine S, Tap G, Guidolin B, Senard JM, Hanaire H. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and other complications in type 1 diabetes. Clin Auton Res 2010; 20:153-60. [PMID: 20354891 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-010-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This study deals with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 1 diabetic patients and its association with other complications. We searched for CAN in 684 patients (age, 47 +/- 12 years; diabetes duration, 22 +/- 11 years) by cardiovascular responses to deep breathing and standing. Patients considered as positive had laboratory evaluation: "Ewing" tests (deep breathing, Valsalva, stand test, hand grip); heart rate variability (HRV) [low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power] and spontaneous baroreflex slope (SBS). Logistic regression was used to identify the combination of patient characteristics, including other complications, most associated with CAN severity according to Ewing Score (ES 0-5). RESULTS 66.2% presented no significant abnormality (ES 0-0.5), 21.5 % had mild abnormalities (ES 1-2), and 12.3% had confirmed autonomic failure (ES > 2). Decrease in LF, HF and SBS was highly correlated to CAN severity. In the stepwise regression, age, retinopathy, nephropathy, bladder dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy and hypertension remained correlated with CAN, whereas digestive neuropathy, BMI and HbA1c were excluded. Despite a small number of events, we found a significant association between coronary disorders and CAN severity. CONCLUSIONS Simple bedside tests can detect CAN. HRV and SBS provide additional elements on CAN severity. Diabetes duration did not discriminate sufficiently patients with CAN. The association with retinopathy is in favor of the role of poor glycemic control in CAN development. This study shows the interest of CAN detection and the need to look for extracardiac autonomic neuropathy and silent myocardial ischemia in patients with confirmed CAN.
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Ducloy-Bouthors A, Broisin F, Keita H, Fontaine S, Depret S, Legoeff F, Mandelbrot L, Rudigoz R, Jude B. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in postpartum haemorrhage. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC2933991 DOI: 10.1186/cc8602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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Fontaine S, Barot S, Barré P, Bdioui N, Mary B, Rumpel C. Stability of organic carbon in deep soil layers controlled by fresh carbon supply. Nature 2008; 450:277-80. [PMID: 17994095 DOI: 10.1038/nature06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The world's soils store more carbon than is present in biomass and in the atmosphere. Little is known, however, about the factors controlling the stability of soil organic carbon stocks and the response of the soil carbon pool to climate change remains uncertain. We investigated the stability of carbon in deep soil layers in one soil profile by combining physical and chemical characterization of organic carbon, soil incubations and radiocarbon dating. Here we show that the supply of fresh plant-derived carbon to the subsoil (0.6-0.8 m depth) stimulated the microbial mineralization of 2,567 +/- 226-year-old carbon. Our results support the previously suggested idea that in the absence of fresh organic carbon, an essential source of energy for soil microbes, the stability of organic carbon in deep soil layers is maintained. We propose that a lack of supply of fresh carbon may prevent the decomposition of the organic carbon pool in deep soil layers in response to future changes in temperature. Any change in land use and agricultural practice that increases the distribution of fresh carbon along the soil profile could however stimulate the loss of ancient buried carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fontaine
- INRA, UR 874 Agronomie, 234 Avenue du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Barot S, Blouin M, Fontaine S, Jouquet P, Lata JC, Mathieu J. A tale of four stories: soil ecology, theory, evolution and the publication system. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1248. [PMID: 18043755 PMCID: PMC2082661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil ecology has produced a huge corpus of results on relations between soil organisms, ecosystem processes controlled by these organisms and links between belowground and aboveground processes. However, some soil scientists think that soil ecology is short of modelling and evolutionary approaches and has developed too independently from general ecology. We have tested quantitatively these hypotheses through a bibliographic study (about 23000 articles) comparing soil ecology journals, generalist ecology journals, evolutionary ecology journals and theoretical ecology journals. FINDINGS We have shown that soil ecology is not well represented in generalist ecology journals and that soil ecologists poorly use modelling and evolutionary approaches. Moreover, the articles published by a typical soil ecology journal (Soil Biology and Biochemistry) are cited by and cite low percentages of articles published in generalist ecology journals, evolutionary ecology journals and theoretical ecology journals. CONCLUSION This confirms our hypotheses and suggests that soil ecology would benefit from an effort towards modelling and evolutionary approaches. This effort should promote the building of a general conceptual framework for soil ecology and bridges between soil ecology and general ecology. We give some historical reasons for the parsimonious use of modelling and evolutionary approaches by soil ecologists. We finally suggest that a publication system that classifies journals according to their Impact Factors and their level of generality is probably inadequate to integrate "particularity" (empirical observations) and "generality" (general theories), which is the goal of all natural sciences. Such a system might also be particularly detrimental to the development of a science such as ecology that is intrinsically multidisciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Barot
- UMR 137, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Bondy, France.
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Schiffers BC, Schubert A, Schiffers C, Fontaine S, Gumusboga N, Werner B, Webb M, Lugros H, Stinglhamber G. The PIP training programme: building of ACP experts capacities in crop protection and food safety to support local companies to comply with EU regulations on pesticides residues. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2006; 71:39-48. [PMID: 17390771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory requirements, and in particular phytosanitary quality standards change rapidly. As ACP producers/exporters race to become more competitive, to keep their market share and to satisfay their customers' commercial demands (e.g. EUREP-GAP certification), the need for competent staff who are aware of the company's quality objectives and trained to follow instructions is crucial. Mastering sanitary quality is only possible if matched with a programme to build the skills of companies' human resources. The Pesticide Initiative Programme (PIP), mindful of the importance of making operators autonomous and of training them to monitor EU food safety regulations and technology on their own, has successfully developed a training programme while building a quality network of local/ACP service providers. By building the capacities of ACP experts and then securing their services as trainers, PIP also guarantees companies' access to expertise and the sustainability of their efforts to comply with new EU regulations. The training strategy developed by PIP rests on two pilars: instructor training and collective training. Instructor training consists in reinforcing the technical knowledge of local experts (agronomists, hygienists, etc.) by providing them with active teaching methods. Once the ACP experts have gained enough technical knowledge of the key areas of crop protection--mainly pesticides management--and food safety, and have demonstrated their capacity to train the technical staff of local companies, the PIP has carried out a collective training programme in 2004, 2005 and 2006. To date, more than 130 consultants covering about 15 ACP countries have received instructor training, and more than 700 people have participated in collective and in-company training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Schiffers
- Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques Laboratoire de Phytopharmacie Passage des déportés 2, BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Tabet AC, Gosset P, Elghezal H, Fontaine S, Martinovic J, Encha Razavi F, Romana S, Vekemans M, Morichon-Delvallez N. Prenatal diagnosis and characterization of an analphoid marker chromosome 16. Prenat Diagn 2005; 24:733-6. [PMID: 15386469 DOI: 10.1002/pd.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report on a fetus with intrauterine growth retardation and multiple malformations diagnosed on ultrasound at 32 weeks. Examination of amniotic fluid cells in culture showed a 47,XY, i(16)(q10), +mar karyotype. Chromosome analysis of both parents was normal. Using spectral karyotyping, we identified the marker chromosome as a mitotically stable acentric marker chromosome derived from chromosome 16. Further studies using subtelomeric fluorescent probes confirmed the presence of an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 16 and showed that the acentric marker chromosome derived from the short arm of chromosome 16 leading to a trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 16. After genetic counseling, the parents decided to terminate the pregnancy. Fetal autopsy showed a male fetus with ambiguous external genitalia, cardiac malformation, megacystis and limbs anomalies as observed in other cases of trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 16. In addition, fetal brain examination showed vermian and olfactory bulb hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tabet
- Service de Cytogénétique et d'Embryologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Abstract
We report the case of a 36-year old woman with a history of long-term fever associated with a biologic inflammatory syndrome that was not corrected by several courses of corticosteroid treatment. The only remarkable result during previous investigations was the presence of a positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology. Clinical examination revealed an heterogenous thyroid with a nodule on the right lobe. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was normal. The levels of antiperoxidase antibodies and thyrocalcitonin were normal. Ultrasound examination of the neck showed a 3-cm hypoechogenous nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid. A total thyroidectomy was performed. Histopathologic findings led to the diagnosis of Riedel's thyroiditis. We observed a dramatic improvement after surgery with absence of fever and normalization of inflammatory parameters. The role of EBV infection in the process of this unusual form of Riedel's thyroiditis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fontaine
- Department of Endocrinology, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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46
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Fontaine S, Wilkinson TJ. Should medical student assessment be by standards or by rank? N Z Med J 2001; 114:314-5. [PMID: 11556446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Fontaine
- Higher Education Development Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin
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Abstract
At the Second Canadian Consensus Conference on Dementia (CCCD) (February, 1998), a group of neurologists, geriatricians, and psychiatrists met to consider guidelines for evaluation of dementia in Canada. This review paper formed a background paper for their discussion of dementia diagnosis. These experts from across the country concluded that diagnosis of suspected dementia cases continued to rest on skilled clinical assessment. Mental status exam, preferably in some quantifiable form, has become an essential part of the assessment. Selected laboratory tests are advisable in all cases (CBC, TSH, electrolytes, calcium, and glucose), but the CCCD continued to advise that CT scanning was mandatory only in selected cases where clinical findings pointed to another possibility besides Alzheimer's disease. The growing list of other diagnostic measures with potential usefulness in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia in general was reviewed, but the evidence was judged as insufficient to support routine use of these tests by physicians. As new treatments for Alzheimer's disease become available, neurologists face new diagnostic challenges--differentiating Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frontotemporal dementias and Mixed dementias, and Lewy Body Dementia. Guidelines to aid in differential diagnosis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chertkow
- Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute, Dept of Clinical Neuroscience, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
The 1960s were a period of great flowering in the recognition of neurologic disorders in children. The so-called ataxic cerebral palsies were an especially fertile field waiting for clarification. Congenital ataxia coupled with hyperpnea-apnea, abnormal eye movements, and retardation was identified as an autosomal-recessive syndrome eponimically associated with the senior author, Marie Joubert. The disorder, though rare, is increasingly recognized and a lay society dedicated to family support and research has been formed. In preparation for a recent symposium the original proband was re-examined 30 years later and the manifestations in adults clarified. Severe dysarthria was the most striking feature in this man, the hyperpnea-apnea had diminished, and the abnormal eye movements were less striking. Ataxia was still present but not severe. Poor judgment and borderline intelligence rounded out the clinical picture. Modern imaging has clarified, in part, the anatomic basis of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andermann
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC.
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Bastos AC, Comeau RM, Andermann F, Melanson D, Cendes F, Dubeau F, Fontaine S, Tampieri D, Olivier A. Diagnosis of subtle focal dysplastic lesions: curvilinear reformatting from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1999; 46:88-94. [PMID: 10401784 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199907)46:1<88::aid-ana13>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia is a frequent cause of medically intractable partial epilepsy. These lesions are being increasingly identified by high quality images provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resulting in improved seizure control of surgically treated patients. Small dysplastic lesions are often missed by conventional MRI methods. The identification of subtle structural abnormalities by rectilinear slices is often limited by the complex convolutional pattern of the brain. We developed a method of curvilinear reformatting of three-dimensional MRI data that improves the anatomical display of the gyral structure of the hemispheric convexities. It also reduces the asymmetric sampling of gray-white matter that may lead to false-positive results. We present 5 patients in whom conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional MRI with multiplanar reformatting was initially considered normal. Subsequent studies using curvilinear reformatting identified lesions in all. Four patients underwent surgery with histological diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia. Three patients are seizure-free and 1 had significant improvement in seizure control. These results indicate that an increase in the detection of subtle focal dysplastic lesions may be accomplished when one improves the anatomical display of the brain gyral structure by performing curvilinear reformatting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bastos
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Quebec, Canada
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Taboulet F, Latry P, Fontaine S, Timmerman L. [Impact of demographic changes on drug utilization related to diabetes in Aquitaine]. Cah Sociol Demogr Med 1999; 39:253-69. [PMID: 10615566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease highly correlated to age. In 1998, the Sickness Find of the Aquitaine region has reimbursed 273 million French Francs for expenditures related to diabetes pharmaceuticals. The amount would increase to 300 million French Francs in 2005, a growth of nearly 10%, whereas the Aquitaine population would increase only 4%, from 2,909,000 in 1998 to 3,024,000 seven years later. The difference comes from population aging, as the calculations are undertaken "other things being equal": the insurance coverage rate, the disease prevalence rate, the consumption of pharmaceuticals per patient are supposed unchanged during the period.
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