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Wang L, Rivas R, Wilson A, Park YM, Walls S, Yu T, Miller AC. Dose-Dependent Effects of Radiation on Mitochondrial Morphology and Clonogenic Cell Survival in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38201243 PMCID: PMC10778067 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To better understand radiation-induced organ dysfunction at both high and low doses, it is critical to understand how endothelial cells (ECs) respond to radiation. The impact of irradiation (IR) on ECs varies depending on the dose administered. High doses can directly damage ECs, leading to EC impairment. In contrast, the effects of low doses on ECs are subtle but more complex. Low doses in this study refer to radiation exposure levels that are below those that cause immediate and necrotic damage. Mitochondria are the primary cellular components affected by IR, and this study explored their role in determining the effect of radiation on microvascular endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HMEC-1) were exposed to varying IR doses ranging from 0.1 Gy to 8 Gy (~0.4 Gy/min) in the AFRRI 60-Cobalt facility. Results indicated that high doses led to a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival, which can be attributed to factors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, low doses induced a small but significant increase in cell survival, and this was achieved without detectable DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, or mitochondrial dysfunction in HMEC-1. Moreover, the mitochondrial morphology was assessed, revealing that all doses increased the percentage of elongated mitochondria, with low doses (0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy) having a greater effect than high doses. However, only high doses caused an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation/swelling. The study further revealed that low doses induced mitochondrial elongation, likely via an increase in mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (Mfn1), while high doses caused mitochondrial fragmentation via a decrease in optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1). In conclusion, the study suggests, for the first time, that changes in mitochondrial morphology are likely involved in the mechanism for the radiation dose-dependent effect on the survival of microvascular endothelial cells. This research, by delineating the specific mechanisms through which radiation affects endothelial cells, offers invaluable insights into the potential impact of radiation exposure on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rafael Rivas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Angelo Wilson
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yu Min Park
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shannon Walls
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Tianzheng Yu
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Y.M.P.); (T.Y.)
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Miller
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; (L.W.); (R.R.); (A.W.); (S.W.)
- Department of Radiation Science and Radiology, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Ullah A, Ud Din A, Ding W, Shi Z, Pervaz S, Shen B. A narrative review: CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in obesity and obesity-related diseases: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:611-631. [PMID: 37000372 PMCID: PMC10063956 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of the low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes obesity. This low-grade systemic inflammation can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the CXC chemokines consists of numerous regulators of inflammation, cellular function, and cellular migration, it is still unknown that how CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors contribute to the development of metabolic diseases (such as T2D and NAFLD) during obesity. In light of recent research, the objective of this review is to provide an update on the linkage between the CXC chemokine, obesity, and obesity-related metabolic diseases (T2D and NAFLD). We explore the differential migratory and immunomodulatory potential of CXC chemokines and their mechanisms of action to better understand their role in clinical and laboratory contexts. Besides that, because CXC chemokine profiling is strongly linked to leukocyte recruitment, macrophage recruitment, and immunomodulatory potential, we hypothesize that it could be used to predict the therapeutic potential for obesity and obesity-related diseases (T2D and NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated hospital, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bickel MA, Csik B, Gulej R, Ungvari A, Nyul-Toth A, Conley SM. Cell non-autonomous regulation of cerebrovascular aging processes by the somatotropic axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087053. [PMID: 36755922 PMCID: PMC9900125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cerebrovascular pathologies, ranging from cerebromicrovascular functional and structural alterations to large vessel atherosclerosis, promote the genesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and exacerbate Alzheimer's disease. Recent advances in geroscience, including results from studies on heterochronic parabiosis models, reinforce the hypothesis that cell non-autonomous mechanisms play a key role in regulating cerebrovascular aging processes. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exert multifaceted vasoprotective effects and production of both hormones is significantly reduced in aging. This brief overview focuses on the role of age-related GH/IGF-1 deficiency in the development of cerebrovascular pathologies and VCID. It explores the mechanistic links among alterations in the somatotropic axis, specific macrovascular and microvascular pathologies (including capillary rarefaction, microhemorrhages, impaired endothelial regulation of cerebral blood flow, disruption of the blood brain barrier, decreased neurovascular coupling, and atherogenesis) and cognitive impairment. Improved understanding of cell non-autonomous mechanisms of vascular aging is crucial to identify targets for intervention to promote cerebrovascular and brain health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Nyul-Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Lorand Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Roshan Milani S, Pourheydar B, Daneshfar S, Chodari L. Decreased Cardiac NOX4 and SIRT-1 Protein Levels Contribute to Decreased Angiogenesis in the Heart of Diabetic Rats: Rescue Effects of IGF-1 and Exercise. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:202-209. [PMID: 36721814 PMCID: PMC9871268 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Reduced angiogenesis in the heart tissue is a primary risk factor for heart disease in the diabetes condition. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes of two main angiogenesis mediators, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) protein levels in the heart of diabetic rats and the impact of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and exercise on these proteins. Methods: Injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin in 40 male Wistar rats led to the induction of type 1 diabetes. Angiogenesis was detected in the hearts by immunostaining for PECAM-1/ CD31 after 30 days of treatment with IGF-1 (2 mg/kg/day) and exercise. ELISA technique was utilized to establish the expression levels of NOX4 and SIRT-1 within the heart. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in HbA1c and a significant decrease in SIRT1, NOX4 levels and angiogenesis grade in the heart of diabetes group compared to control group. Meanwhile, IGF-1 and exercise alone or in combination completely masked these effects. Additionally, synergistic effect on SIRT-1, HbA1c levels and angiogenesis grade is evident when IGF-1 and exercise are applied simultaneously. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that reduction in angiogenesis in the heart of diabetic rats may be mediated by down expression of NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels. It was also displayed that IGF-1 and exercise as novel therapies increase NOX4 and SIRT-1 protein levels within the hearts of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Roshan Milani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saman Daneshfar
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Leila Chodari,
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Tarantini S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Yabluchanskiy A, Csipo T, Mukli P, Balasubramanian P, Ungvari A, Toth P, Benyo Z, Sonntag WE, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Endothelial deficiency of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) impairs neurovascular coupling responses in mice, mimicking aspects of the brain aging phenotype. GeroScience 2021; 43:2387-2394. [PMID: 34383203 PMCID: PMC8599783 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related impairment of neurovascular coupling (NVC; or "functional hyperemia") compromises moment-to-moment adjustment of regional cerebral blood flow to increased neuronal activity and thereby contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Previous studies established a causal link among age-related decline in circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Endothelium-mediated microvascular dilation plays a central role in NVC responses. To determine the functional consequences of impaired IGF-1 input to cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells, endothelium-mediated NVC responses were studied in a novel mouse model of accelerated neurovascular aging: mice with endothelium-specific knockout of IGF1R (VE-Cadherin-CreERT2/Igf1rf/f). Increases in cerebral blood flow in the somatosensory whisker barrel cortex (assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging through a cranial window) in response to contralateral whisker stimulation were significantly attenuated in VE-Cadherin-CreERT2/Igf1rf/f mice as compared to control mice. In VE-Cadherin-CreERT2/Igf1rf/f mice, the effects of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME were significantly decreased, suggesting that endothelium-specific disruption of IGF1R signaling impairs the endothelial NO-dependent component of NVC responses. Collectively, these findings provide additional evidence that IGF-1 is critical for cerebromicrovascular endothelial health and maintenance of normal NVC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
| | - Peter Toth
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs Clinical Center, 72359, Pecs, Baranya, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William E Sonntag
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA.
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Center 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1311, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Wilson RL, Troja W, Sumser EK, Maupin A, Lampe K, Jones HN. Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in the placenta requires endothelial nitric oxide synthase to support trophoblast function and normal fetal growth. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R653-R662. [PMID: 33621475 PMCID: PMC8163607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective treatment for placental dysfunction in utero. In a ligated mouse model of fetal growth restriction (FGR), nanoparticle-mediated human insulin-like 1 growth factor (hIGF1) gene delivery (NP-Plac1-hIGF1) increased hIGF1 expression and maintained fetal growth. However, whether it can restore fetal growth remains to be determined. Using the endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS-/-) mouse model, a genetic model of FGR, we found that despite inducing expression of hIGF1 in the placentas treated with NP-Plac1-hIGF1 (P = 0.0425), FGR did not resolve. This was associated with no change to the number of fetal capillaries in the placental labyrinth; an outcome which was increased with NP-Plac1-hIGF1 treatment in the ligated mouse model, despite increased expression of angiopoietin 1 (P = 0.05), and suggested IGF1 signaling in the placenta requires eNOS to modulate placenta angiogenesis. To further assess this hypothesis, BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line and human placental explant cultures were treated with NP-Plac1-hIGF1, oxidative stress was induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and NOS activity was inhibited using the inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). In both BeWo cells and explants, the protective effect of NP-Plac1-hIGF1 treatment against H2O2-induced cell death/lactate dehydrogenase release was prevented by eNOS inhibition (P = 0.003 and P < 0.0001, respectively). This was associated with an increase in mRNA expression of oxidative stress markers hypoxia inducing factor 1α (HIF1α; P < 0.0001) and ADAM10 (P = 0.0002) in the NP-Plac1-hIGF1 + H2O2 + l-NMMA-treated BeWo cells. These findings show for the first time the requirement of eNOS/NOS in IGF1 signaling in placenta cells that may have implications for placental angiogenesis and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Weston Troja
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily K Sumser
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alec Maupin
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Helen N Jones
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Miller B, Chalfant H, Thomas A, Wellberg E, Henson C, McNally MW, Grizzle WE, Jain A, McNally LR. Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2757. [PMID: 33803201 PMCID: PMC7963150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women. One of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment and improving outcomes is early detection through imaging-based screening. There may be a role for individualized imaging strategies for patients with certain co-morbidities. Herein, we review the literature regarding the accuracy of conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women, the potential role of anti-inflammatory agents to improve detection, and the novel molecular imaging techniques that may have a role for breast cancer screening in these patients. We demonstrate that with conventional imaging modalities, increased sensitivity often comes with a loss of specificity, resulting in unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Obese women have body size limitations that impair image quality, and diabetes increases the risk for dense breast tis-sue. Increased density is known to obscure the diagnosis of cancer on routine screening mammography. Novel molecu-lar imaging agents with targets such as estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pyrimi-dine analogues, and ligand-targeted receptor probes, among others, have potential to reduce false positive results. They can also improve detection rates with increased resolution and inform therapeutic decision making. These emerg-ing imaging techniques promise to improve breast cancer diagnosis in obese patients with diabetes who have dense breasts, but more work is needed to validate their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Hunter Chalfant
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA;
| | - Christina Henson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA;
| | | | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Ajay Jain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.M.); (H.C.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
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8
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Laudisio D, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Obesity and breast cancer in premenopausal women: Current evidence and future perspectives. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 230:217-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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De Meneck F, Victorino de Souza L, Oliveira V, do Franco MC. High irisin levels in overweight/obese children and its positive correlation with metabolic profile, blood pressure, and endothelial progenitor cells. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:756-764. [PMID: 29858156 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Irisin is involved in the compensatory mechanisms for metabolic regulation and appears to be associated with glucose homeostasis and lipid profile. However, it's possible implications on obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications have not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between irisin level and anthropometric data, metabolic parameters, blood pressure, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) level among children with overweight/obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 24 children with overweight/obesity (9 girls and 15 boys) and 63 children with normal weight (25 girls and 38 boys). The anthropometric data, blood pressure, blood biochemistry, EPCs and irisin levels were evaluated. Children with overweight/obesity had significantly higher circulating irisin and EPCs levels than those with normal weight (P < 0.001). Additionally, we found that irisin level was positively correlated with BMI (rho = 0.407), waist circumference (rho = 0.449), triglycerides (rho = .334), glucose (rho = 0.226), insulin (rho = 0.533), HOMA (rho = 0.545), and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol level (rho = -0.218). Importantly, we also found that irisin levels were significantly correlated with systolic (rho = 0.420), diastolic (rho = 0.331) blood pressure and circulating EPCs level (rho = 0.391). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that overweight/obese children had elevated circulating levels of both irisin and EPCs and address the gap in the literature with regard to the understanding of the implications of irisin on obesity-related cardiometabolic complications among these children and also highlight the possible involvement of irisin regulation on insulin resistance and endothelial function in childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Meneck
- Division of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Victorino de Souza
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Oliveira
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C do Franco
- Division of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Traunmüller F. Atherosclerosis is a vascular stem cell disease caused by insulin. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:22-27. [PMID: 29857902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article proposes the hypothesis that when multipotent vascular stem cells are exposed to excessive insulin in a rhythmic pattern of sharply rising and falling concentrations, their differentiation is misdirected toward adipogenic and osteogenic cell lineages. This results in plaque-like accumulation of adipocytes with fat and cholesterol deposition from adipocyte debris, and osteogenic (progenitor) cells with a calcified matrix in advanced lesions. The ingrowth of capillaries and infiltration with macrophages, which upon uptake of lipids turn into foam cells, are unspecific pro-resolving reactions. Epidemiological, histopathological, pharmacological, and experimental evidence in favour of this hypothesis is summarised.
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11
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Current perspectives between metabolic syndrome and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38959-38972. [PMID: 27029038 PMCID: PMC5122443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies linked metabolic syndrome and several types of cancer. Although metabolic syndrome may not necessarily cause cancer, it is linked to poorer cancer outcomes including increased risk of recurrence and overall mortality. This review tends to discuss the major biological and physiological alterations involved in the increase of incidence and mortality of cancer patients affected by metabolic syndrome. We focus on metabolic syndrome-associated visceral adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) pathway as well as estrogen signaling and inflammation. Several of these factors are also involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. A better understanding of the link between metabolic syndrome and cancer may provide new insight about oncogenesis. Moreover, prevention of metabolic syndrome - related alterations may be an important aspect in the management of cancer patients during simultaneous palliative care.
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12
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Abstract
The dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was found to be associated with vascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Previous studies found that regular exercise could improve the function of EPCs in DM patients, but the underling mechanism was unclear. Irisin, a newly identified myokine, was induced by exercise and has been demonstrated to mediate some of the positive effects of exercise. In this study, we hypothesize that irisin may have direct effects on EPC function in DM mice. These data showed for the first time that irisin increased the number of EPCs in peripheral blood of DM mice and improved the function of EPCs derived from DM mice bone marrow. The mechanism for the effect of irisin is related to the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Furthermore, irisin was demonstrated to improve endothelial repair in DM mice that received EPC transplants after carotid artery injury. The results of this study indicate a novel effect of irisin in regulating the number and function of EPCs via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway, suggesting a potential for the administration of exogenous irisin as a succedaneum to improve EPC function in diabetic patients who fail to achieve such improvements through regular exercise.
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13
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van Beijnum JR, Pieters W, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Griffioen AW. Insulin-like growth factor axis targeting in cancer and tumour angiogenesis - the missing link. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1755-1768. [PMID: 27779364 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous molecular players in the process of tumour angiogenesis have been shown to offer potential for therapeutic targeting. Initially denoted to be involved in malignant transformation and tumour progression, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis has been subject to therapeutic interference, albeit with limited clinical success. More recently, IGFs and their receptors have received attention for their contribution to tumour angiogenesis, which offers novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we review the contribution of this signalling axis to tumour angiogenesis, the mechanisms of resistance to therapy and the interplay with other pro-angiogenic pathways, to offer insight in the renewed interest in the application of IGF axis targeting agents in anti-cancer combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Pieters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Ahmed FW, Rider R, Glanville M, Narayanan K, Razvi S, Weaver JU. Metformin improves circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells in type 1 diabetes: MERIT study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:116. [PMID: 27561827 PMCID: PMC5000450 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD). Decreased endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) number plays a pivotal role in reduced endothelial repair and development of CVD. We aimed to determine if cardioprotective effect of metformin is mediated by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs), pro-angiogenic cells (PACs) and decreasing circulating endothelial cells (cECs) count whilst maintaining unchanged glycemic control. Methods This study was an open label and parallel standard treatment study. Twenty-three type 1 diabetes patients without overt CVD were treated with metformin for 8 weeks (treatment group-TG). They were matched with nine type 1 diabetes patients on standard treatment (SG) and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HC). Insulin dose was adjusted to keep unchanged glycaemic control. cEPCs and cECs counts were determined by flow cytometry using surface markers CD45dimCD34+VEGFR-2+ and CD45dimCD133−CD34+CD144+ respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured to assess changes in PACs number, function and colony forming units (CFU-Hill’s colonies). Results At baseline TG had lower cEPCs, PACs, CFU-Hills’ colonies and PACs adhesion versus HC (p < 0.001-all variables) and higher cECs versus HC (p = 0.03). Metformin improved cEPCs, PACs, CFU-Hill’s colonies number, cECs and PACs adhesion (p < 0.05-all variables) to levels seen in HC whilst HbA1c (one-way ANOVA p = 0.78) and glucose variability (average glucose, blood glucose standard deviation, mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion, continuous overall net glycaemic action and area under curve) remained unchanged. No changes were seen in any variables in SG. There was an inverse correlation between CFU-Hill’s colonies with cECs. Conclusions Metformin has potential cardio-protective effect through improving cEPCs, CFU-Hill’s colonies, cECs, PACs count and function independently of hypoglycaemic effect. This finding needs to be confirmed by long term cardiovascular outcome studies in type 1 diabetes. Trial registration ISRCTN26092132 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0413-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad W Ahmed
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rachel Rider
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK
| | - Michael Glanville
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Salman Razvi
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jolanta U Weaver
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK. .,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK.
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15
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Liang L, Li Z, Ma T, Han Z, Du W, Geng J, Jia H, Zhao M, Wang J, Zhang B, Feng J, Zhao L, Rupin A, Wang Y, Han ZC. Transplantation of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Critical Limb Ischemia in Diabetic Nude Rats. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:45-61. [PMID: 27501782 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovasculogenesis induced by stem cell therapy is an innovative approach to improve critical limb ischemia (CLI) in diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal candidates due to their angiogenic and immunomodulatory features. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic effects of human placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs) on diabetic CLI, with or without exogenous insulin administration, and the underlying mechanism of any effect. A series of in vitro experiments were performed to assess the stemness and vasculogenic activity of P-MSCs. P-MSCs were intramuscularly injected at two different doses with and without the administration of insulin. The efficacy of P-MSC transplantation was evaluated by ischemia damage score, ambulatory score, laser Doppler perfusion image (LDPI), capillary, and vascular density. In vivo imaging was applied to track the implanted P-MSCs. In vivo differentiation and in situ secretion of angiogenic cytokines were determined. In vitro experimental outcomes showed the differentiation potential and potent paracrine effect of P-MSCs. P-MSCs survived in vivo for at least 3 weeks and led to the acceleration of ischemia recovery, due to newly formed capillaries, increased arterioles, and secretion of various proangiogenic factors. P-MSCs participate in angiogenesis and vascularization directly through differentiation and cytokine expression.
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16
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Microvascular Complications: Friends or Foes? Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1803989. [PMID: 27313624 PMCID: PMC4903148 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1803989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being featured as metabolic disorder, diabetic patients are largely affected by hyperglycemia-induced vascular abnormality. Accumulated evidence has confirmed the beneficial effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in coronary heart disease. However, antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment is the main therapy for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, indicating the uncertain role of EPCs in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular disease. In this review, we first illustrate how hyperglycemia induces metabolic and epigenetic changes in EPCs, which exerts deleterious impact on their number and function. We then discuss how abnormal angiogenesis develops in eyes and kidneys under diabetes condition, focusing on “VEGF uncoupling with nitric oxide” and “competitive angiopoietin 1/angiopoietin 2” mechanisms that are shared in both organs. Next, we dissect the nature of EPCs in diabetic microvascular complications. After we overview the current EPCs-related strategies, we point out new EPCs-associated options for future exploration. Ultimately, we hope that this review would uncover the mysterious nature of EPCs in diabetic microvascular disease for therapeutics.
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17
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Altabas V, Altabas K, Kirigin L. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ageing and age-related diseases: How currently available treatment modalities affect EPC biology, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:49-62. [PMID: 26919825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mononuclear cells that circulate in the blood and are derived from different tissues, expressing cell surface markers that are similar to mature endothelial cells. The discovery of EPCs has lead to new insights in vascular repair and atherosclerosis and also a new theory for ageing. EPCs from the bone marrow and some other organs aid in vascular repair by migrating to distant vessels where they differentiate into mature endothelial cells and replace old and injured endothelial cells. The ability of EPCs to repair vascular damage depends on their number and functionality. Currently marketed drugs used in a variety of diseases can modulate these characteristics. In this review, the effect of currently available treatment options for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders on EPC biology will be discussed. The various EPC-based therapies that will be discussed include lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, phosphodiesteraze inhibitors, hormones, as well as EPC capturing stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karmela Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lora Kirigin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Wang Z, Zheng W, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang K, Zhao Q, Kong D, Ke T, Li C. Differences in the performance of PCL-based vascular grafts as abdominal aorta substitutes in healthy and diabetic rats. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1485-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes exacerbates the regeneration process after in vivo implantation of vascular graft.
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19
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Karimabad MN, Hassanshahi G. Significance of CXCL12 in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Inflammation 2015; 38:710-7. [PMID: 25085744 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses are extensively accepted as primitive etiological leading causes involved in immune system diseases. It is now well established that chemokines as the main arms of the immune system play critical roles in the regulation of immune responses in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Several environmental and genetic elements of the immune system are also believed to potentially affect both the onsets of immunological diseases. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) which in new nomenclature is nominated as C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) is involved in the development and progression of immune responses. The CXCL12 is an extensively active chemokine that serves as a recruiter for migration and trafficking of leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Patients suffering type 2 diabetes (T2D) that ascribe heterozygous SDF-1 3'A genotype (801G/A in the 3' untranslated region) have increased insulin-dependent mobilization of adult progenitor cells, which are known to participate in angiogenesis and vascular repair. Conversely, homing of progenitor cells contributes to the diabetes vascular complications. Because carriers of the SDF-1 3'A genotype show increased levels of the CXCL12 messenger RNA (mRNA) in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Genetic variations of CXCL12 gene might affect trafficking of inflammatory cells or defected precursors and hence induced tendency to diabetic complications. The SDF-1 3'A genetic variation of CXCL12 influences the development of late vascular diabetic complications, and previous studies reported that this genetic variation regulates the expression of CXCL12. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to collect the most recent reports regarding the relation between serum concentrations and SDF-1 3'A genetic variation of CXCL12 in T2D.
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Sandri M, Viehmann M, Adams V, Rabald K, Mangner N, Höllriegel R, Lurz P, Erbs S, Linke A, Kirsch K, Möbius-Winkler S, Thiery J, Teupser D, Hambrecht R, Schuler G, Gielen S. Chronic heart failure and aging - effects of exercise training on endothelial function and mechanisms of endothelial regeneration: Results from the Leipzig Exercise Intervention in Chronic heart failure and Aging (LEICA) study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:349-58. [PMID: 26015451 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315588391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduction in number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) occurs in both physiologic aging and chronic heart failure (CHF). We assessed whether disease and aging have additive effects on EPCs or whether beneficial effects of exercise training are diminished in old age. METHODS We randomized 60 patients with stable CHF and 60 referent controls to a training or a control group. To detect possible aging effects we included subjects below 55 (young) and above 65 years (older). Subjects in the training group exercised four times daily at 60% to 70% of VO2max for four weeks under supervision. At baseline and after the intervention the number and function of EPCs were assessed. RESULTS As compared with young referent controls, older referent controls showed at baseline a reduced EPC number (young: 190 ± 37 CD34/KDR positive cells/ml blood; older: 131 ± 26 CD34/KDR positive cells/ml blood; p < 0.05) and function (young: 230 ± 41 migrated cells/1000 plated cells; older: 185 ± 28 cells/1000 plated cells; p < 0.05). In young and older CHF patients EPC-number (young: 85 ± 21 CD34/KDR positive cells/ml blood; older: 78 ± 20 CD34/KDR positive cells/ml blood) and EPC-function (young: 113 ± 26 cells/1000 plated cells; older: 120 ± 27 cells/1000 plated cells) were impaired. As a result of exercise training, EPC function improved by 24% in older referent controls (p < 0.05), while it remained unchanged in young training referent controls and controls respectively. In young and older patients with CHF four weeks of exercise training resulted in a significant improvement in EPC numbers and EPC function (young: number +66% function +43%; p < 0.05; older: number +69% function +36%; p < 0.05). These results were accompanied by a significant increase in flow mediated dilatation in the training groups of young/older CHF patients and in older referent controls. CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of exercise training are effective in improving EPC number and EPC function in CHF patients. These training effects were not impaired among older patients, emphasizing the potentials of rehabilitation interventions in a patient group where CHF has a high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Sandri
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Manuel Viehmann
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Kristin Rabald
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Norman Mangner
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Robert Höllriegel
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Sandra Erbs
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | - Katharina Kirsch
- University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Thiery
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Germany
| | - Rainer Hambrecht
- Klinikum Links der Weser, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stephan Gielen
- Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine III, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Rusak M, Radzikowska U, Glowinska-Olszewska B, Dobrenko E, Piotrowska-Jastrzebska J, Dabrowska M, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Bossowski A, Moniuszko M. Endothelial progenitor cell levels in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: effects of anti-inflammatory therapies. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25705139 PMCID: PMC4336757 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-015-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), similarly to other arthritides, can be associated with damage of endothelial layer of which structure and function is dependent on reparative properties of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). To date, it remained unknown whether EPC numbers are altered in young JIA patients and whether on-going anti-inflammatory therapies could exert positive effects on these progenitor cells. METHODS We performed a quantitative analysis of EPC numbers in 25 patients diagnosed with JIA according to International League of Associations for Rheumatism (ILAR) criteria [age 11.50 (7.50-15.00) years] in a broad context of inflammatory and cardiovascular parameters as well as different types of anti-inflammatory treatments. 11 healthy children [age 13.00 (11.00-14.00) years] were recruited as a control group. RESULTS We demonstrated that EPC numbers were similar in JIA patients and control subjects (0.02% vs. 0.05%, respectively, p = 0.37). EPC levels in JIA patients were negatively correlated with index of insulin resistance (rho = -0.458, p = 0.021), endogenous insulin (rho = -0.472, p = 0.017), triglyceride (rho = -0.438, p = 0.029) and TNF-alpha levels (rho = -0.446, p = 0.026). Notably, glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, was associated with detection of decreased EPC levels in JIA patients (p = 0.023). In contrast, methothrexate (MTX) and etanercept therapy in JIA patients did not affect EPC levels (p = 0.92 and p = 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found that EPC numbers are maintained at normal levels in JIA patients and are not enhanced by disease-specific anti-inflammatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Rusak
- Department of Hematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Glowinska-Olszewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Dobrenko
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Milena Dabrowska
- Department of Hematological Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bodzenta-Lukaszyk
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Moniuszko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland ,Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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Altabas V. Diabetes, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Vascular Repair: What Should a Diabetologist Keep His Eye on? Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:848272. [PMID: 26089898 PMCID: PMC4452196 DOI: 10.1155/2015/848272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. A prominent attribute of diabetic cardiovascular complications is accelerated atherosclerosis, considered as a still incurable disease, at least at more advanced stages. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), able to replace old and injured mature endothelial cells and capable of differentiating into healthy and functional endothelial cells, has offered the prospect of merging the traditional theories on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with evolving concepts of vascular biology. The literature supports the notion that EPC alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in diabetics, but at present many questions remain unanswered. In this review the aspects linking endothelial progenitor cells to the altered vascular biology in diabetes mellitus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Altabas
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases “Mladen Sekso”, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- *V. Altabas:
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Oikonomou D, Kopf S, von Bauer R, Djuric Z, Cebola R, Sander A, Englert S, Vittas S, Hidmark A, Morcos M, Korosoglou G, Nawroth PP, Humpert PM. Influence of insulin and glargine on outgrowth and number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in type 2 diabetes patients: a partially double-blind, randomized, three-arm unicenter study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:137. [PMID: 25300286 PMCID: PMC4195950 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are bone marrow-derived cells which can undergo differentiation into endothelial cells and participate in endothelial repair and angiogenesis. Insulin facilitates this in vitro mediated by the IGF-1 receptor. Clinical trials showed that the number of circulating EPCs is influenced by glucose control and EPC are a predictor of cardiovascular death. To study direct effects of insulin treatment on EPCs in type 2 diabetes patients, add-on basal insulin treatment was compared to an escalation of oral medication aiming at similar glucose control between the groups. METHODS 55 patients with type 2 diabetes (61.6±5.9 years) on oral diabetes medication were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio in 3 groups. Patients were treated additionally with insulin glargine (n=20), NPH insulin (n=22) or escalated with oral medication (n=13). Number of circulating EPC, EPC-outgrowth, intima media thickness, skin microvascular function and HbA1c were documented at baseline and/or after 4 weeks and 4 months. RESULTS HbA1c at baseline was, 7.3+/-0.7% in the oral group, 7.3+/-0.9% and 7.5+/-0.7% in the glargine and NPH insulin respectively (p=0.713). HbA1c after 4 months decreased to 6.8+/-0.8%, 6.6+/-0.7% and 6.7+/-0.6%, in the oral, glargine and NPH insulin group respectively (p=0.61). FACS analysis showed no difference in number of circulating EPC between the groups after 4 weeks and 4 months. However, the outgrowth of EPCs as detected by colony forming assay was increased in the NPH insulin and glargine groups (29.2+/-6.4 and 29.4+/- 6.7 units respectively) compared to the group on oral medication (23.2+/-6.3, p=0.013) after 4 months of treatment. A significant decrease of IMT from 0.80mm (+/-0.14) at baseline to 0.76mm (+/-0.12) after 4 months could be observed in all patients only (p=0.03) with a trend towards a reduction of IMT after 4 months when all patients on insulin treatment were compared to the oral treatment group (p=0.06). Skin microvascular function revealed no differences between the groups (p=0.74). CONCLUSION The study shows that a 4-month treatment with add-on insulin significantly increases the outgrowth of EPC in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION (Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT00523393).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Oikonomou
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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Yuldasheva NY, Rashid ST, Haywood NJ, Cordell P, Mughal R, Viswambharan H, Imrie H, Sukumar P, Cubbon RM, Aziz A, Gage M, Mbonye KA, Smith J, Galloway S, Skromna A, Scott DJA, Kearney MT, Wheatcroft SB. Haploinsufficiency of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Enhances Endothelial Repair and Favorably Modifies Angiogenic Progenitor Cell Phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2051-8. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives—
Defective endothelial regeneration predisposes to adverse arterial remodeling and is thought to contribute to cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We recently demonstrated that the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is a negative regulator of insulin sensitivity and nitric oxide bioavailability. In this report, we examined partial deletion of the IGF1R as a potential strategy to enhance endothelial repair.
Approach and Results—
We assessed endothelial regeneration after wire injury in mice and abundance and function of angiogenic progenitor cells in mice with haploinsufficiency of the IGF1R (IGF1R
+/−
). Endothelial regeneration after arterial injury was accelerated in IGF1R
+/−
mice. Although the yield of angiogenic progenitor cells was lower in IGF1R
+/−
mice, these angiogenic progenitor cells displayed enhanced adhesion, increased secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1, and enhanced angiogenic capacity. To examine the relevance of IGF1R manipulation to cell-based therapy, we transfused IGF1R
+/−
bone marrow–derived CD117
+
cells into wild-type mice. IGF1R
+/−
cells accelerated endothelial regeneration after arterial injury compared with wild-type cells and did not alter atherosclerotic lesion formation.
Conclusions—
Haploinsufficiency of the IGF1R is associated with accelerated endothelial regeneration in vivo and enhanced tube forming and adhesive potential of angiogenic progenitor cells in vitro. Partial deletion of IGF1R in transfused bone marrow–derived CD117
+
cells enhanced their capacity to promote endothelial regeneration without altering atherosclerosis. Our data suggest that manipulation of the IGF1R could be exploited as novel therapeutic approach to enhance repair of the arterial wall after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Y. Yuldasheva
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sheikh Tawqeer Rashid
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J. Haywood
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cordell
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Romana Mughal
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Imrie
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Cubbon
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Aziz
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gage
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kamatamu Amanda Mbonye
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Smith
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Galloway
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Skromna
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - D. Julian A. Scott
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Kearney
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. Wheatcroft
- From the Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Ureshino RP, Rocha KK, Lopes GS, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS. Calcium signaling alterations, oxidative stress, and autophagy in aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:123-37. [PMID: 24512092 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aging is a multi-factorial process that may be associated with several functional and structural deficits which can evolve into degenerative diseases. In this review, we present data that may depict an expanded view of molecular aging theories, beginning with the idea that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major effectors in this process. In addition, we have correlated the importance of autophagy as a neuroprotective mechanism and discussed a link between age-related molecules, Ca(2+) signaling, and oxidative stress. RECENT ADVANCES There is evidence suggesting that alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis, including mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload and alterations in electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, which increase cell vulnerability, are linked to oxidative stress in aging. As much as Ca(2+) signaling is altered in aged cells, excess ROS can be produced due to an ineffective coupling of mitochondrial respiration. Damaged mitochondria might not be removed by the macroautophagic system, which is hampered in aging by lipofuscin accumulation, boosting ROS generation, damaging DNA, and, ultimately, leading to apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES This process can lead to altered protein expression (such as p53, Sirt1, and IGF-1) and progress to cell death. This cycle can lead to increased cell vulnerability in aging and contribute to an increased susceptibility to degenerative processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of Ca(2+) signaling and molecular aging alterations is important for preventing apoptosis in age-related diseases. In addition, caloric restriction, resveratrol and autophagy modulation appear to be predominantly cytoprotective, and further studies of this process are promising in age-related disease therapeutics.
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Testa R, Genovese S, Ceriello A. Nutritional imbalances linking cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:338-42. [PMID: 24839949 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quality of nutrition plays a central role in illnesses such as diabetes and its complications. Dietary and lifestyle habits may have a strong impact, either worsening or improving the evolution of diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as obesity, worsen the illness, causing chronic inflammation, lipid metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk for thrombosis, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cellular senescence. Some other nutritional components, however, have an opposite effect, probably increasing antioxidant defense. RECENT FINDINGS The effects of nutritional factors on cellular senescence in diabetic patients are described in this review. In particular, we discuss some of the nutritional causes of cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus and focus on different nutraceutical compounds that can affect cellular senescence. Furthermore, relevant mechanisms of action are also described. SUMMARY Diet and nutraceutical factors have important effects on diabetes mellitus. Some molecules, which improve antioxidant defense, may counteract cellular senescence. A good lifestyle with physical activity and good weight control can improve the quality of life in diabetic people; on the contrary, obesity and vitamin deficiencies may worsen the evolution of this illness, even inducing cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Testa
- aExperimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona bDepartment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy cInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) dCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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António N, Fernandes R, Soares A, Soares F, Lopes A, Carvalheiro T, Paiva A, Pêgo GM, Providência LA, Gonçalves L, Ribeiro CF. Reduced levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes: accompanying the glycemic continuum. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:101. [PMID: 24934236 PMCID: PMC4082424 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic patients have a significantly worse prognosis after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than their counterparts. Previous studies have shown that the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) significantly increase early after an AMI in normoglycemic patients. However, it is well known that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with impaired function and reduced circulating EPCs levels. Nonetheless, few studies have analyzed EPCs response of diabetics to an AMI and the EPC response of pre-diabetic patients has not been reported yet. Therefore, we hypothesized that in the acute phase of an AMI, diabetic and pre-diabetics have lower circulating EPCs levels than patients with normal glucose metabolism. We also evaluated the possible capacity of chronic antidiabetic treatment in the recovery of EPCs response to an AMI in diabetics. Methods One-hundred AMI patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Using the high-performance flow cytometer FACSCanto II, circulating EPCs (CD45dimCD34+KDR+ and CD45dimCD133+KDR+ cells) were quantified, within the first 24 hours of admission. In addition, as an indirect functional parameter, we also analyzed the fraction of EPCs coexpressing the homing marker CXCR4. Results We found that in the acute phase of an AMI, diabetic patients presented significantly lower levels of circulating CD45dimCD34+KDR+ and CD45dimCD133+KDR+ EPCs by comparison with nondiabetics, with a parallel decrease in the subpopulations CXCR4+ (p < 0.001). Indeed, this study suggests that the impaired response of EPCs to an AMI is an early event in the natural history of DM, being present even in pre-diabetes. Our results, also demonstrated that numbers of all EPCs populations were inversely correlated with HbA1c (r = -0.432, p < 0.001 for CD45dimCD34+KDR+ cells). Finally, this study suggests that previous chronic insulin therapy (but not oral antidiabetic drugs) attenuate the deficient response of diabetic EPCs to an AMI. Conclusion This study indicates that there is a progressive decrease in EPCs levels, from pre-diabetes to DM, in AMI patients. Moreover, glycemic control seems to be determinant for circulating EPCs levels presented in the acute phase of an AMI and chronic insulin therapy may probably attenuate the deficit in EPCs pool seen in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália António
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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29
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Yiu KH, Tse HF. Specific role of impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus in endothelial progenitor cell characteristics and function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1136-43. [PMID: 24743430 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.302192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The disease burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated cardiovascular complications represent a growing and major global health problem. Recent studies suggest that circulating exogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in endothelial repair and neovascularization at sites of injury or ischemia. Both experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia related to DM can induce alterations to EPCs. The reduction and dysfunction of EPCs related to DM correlate with the occurrence and severity of microvascular and macrovascular complications, suggesting a close mechanistic link between EPC dysfunction and impaired vascular function/repair in DM. These alterations to EPCs, likely mediated by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in Akt and the nitric oxide pathway, affect EPCs at multiple stages: differentiation and mobilization in the bone marrow, trafficking and survival in the circulation, and homing and neovascularization. Several different therapeutic approaches have consequently been proposed to reverse the reduction and dysfunction of EPCs in DM and may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent and treat DM-related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hang Yiu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital (K.-H.Y., H.-F.T.) and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (H.-F.T.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging (K.-H.Y., H.-F.T.) and Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (H.-F.T.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital (K.-H.Y., H.-F.T.) and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (H.-F.T.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging (K.-H.Y., H.-F.T.) and Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (H.-F.T.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Barthelmes D, Zhu L, Shen W, Gillies MC, Irhimeh MR. Differential gene expression in Lin-/VEGF-R2+ bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells isolated from diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:42. [PMID: 24521356 PMCID: PMC3926942 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is known to impair the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in the circulation, causing structural and functional alterations in the micro- and macro-vasculature. The aim of this study was to identify early diabetes-related changes in the expression of genes that have been reported to be closely involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration and function. METHODS Based on review of current literature, this study examined the expression level of 35 genes that are known to be involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration and function in magnetically sorted Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells obtained from the bone marrow of Akita mice in the early stages of diabetes (18 weeks) using RT-PCR and Western blotting. We used the Shapiro-Wilk and D'Agostino & Pearson Omnibus tests to assess normality. Differences between groups were evaluated by Student's t-test for normally distributed data (including Welch correction in cases of unequal variances) or Mann-Whitney test for not normally distributed data. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in the number of Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells within the bone marrow in diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic mice. Two genes, SDF-1 and SELE, were significantly differentially expressed in diabetic Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells and six other genes, CAV1, eNOS, CLDN5, NANOG, OCLN and BDNF, showed very low levels of expression in diabetic Lin-/VEGF-R2+ progenitor cells. CONCLUSION Low SDF-1 expression may contribute to the dysfunctional mobilization of bone marrow Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells, which may contribute to microvascular injury in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad R Irhimeh
- Save Sight Institute, Level 1, South Block Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
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Vandomme J, Touil Y, Ostyn P, Olejnik C, Flamenco P, El Machhour R, Segard P, Masselot B, Bailliez Y, Formstecher P, Polakowska R. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signals inversely regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activity to control human dental pulp stem cell quiescence, propagation, and differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:839-51. [PMID: 24266654 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain quiescent until activated in response to severe dental pulp damage. Once activated, they exit quiescence and enter regenerative odontogenesis, producing reparative dentin. The factors and signaling molecules that control the quiescence/activation and commitment to differentiation of human DPSCs are not known. In this study, we determined that the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling commonly activates DPSCs and promotes their exit from the G0 phase of the cell cycle as well as from the pyronin Y(low) stem cell compartment. The inhibition of these two pathways, however, inversely determines DPSC fate. In contrast to p38 MAPK inhibitors, IGF-1R inhibitors enhance dental pulp cell sphere-forming capacity and reduce the cells' colony-forming capacity without inducing cell death. The inverse cellular changes initiated by IGF-1R and p38 MAPK inhibitors were accompanied by inverse changes in the levels of active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) factor, inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3, and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, a marker of early odontoblast differentiation. Our data suggest that there is cross talk between the IGF-1R and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in DPSCs and that the signals provided by these pathways converge at STAT3 and inversely regulate its activity to maintain quiescence or to promote self-renewal and differentiation of the cells. We propose a working model that explains the possible interactions between IGF-1R and p38 MAPK at the molecular level and describes the cellular consequences of these interactions. This model may inspire further fundamental study and stimulate research on the clinical applications of DPSC in cellular therapy and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Vandomme
- 1 Inserm U837 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL) , Lille, France
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Graziani F, Leone AM, Basile E, Cialdella P, Tritarelli A, Bona RD, Liuzzo G, Nanni G, Iaconelli A, Iaconelli A, Mingrone G, Biasucci LM, Crea F. Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Morbid Obesity. Circ J 2014; 78:977-85. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Graziani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Antonio Maria Leone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Eloisa Basile
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Pio Cialdella
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | | | - Roberta Della Bona
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Giuseppe Nanni
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Amerigo Iaconelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Antonio Iaconelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
| | | | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
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Desouza CV. Does drug therapy reverse endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in diabetes? J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:519-25. [PMID: 23809765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are vital for the maintenance and repair of the endothelium. Decreased EPC number and function have been associated with increased cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Patients with diabetes have decreased number of circulating EPCs and decreased EPC function. This may account for some of the increased CVD risk seen in patients with diabetes that is not explained by traditional risk factors such as glycemic control, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Recent studies seem to indicate that drugs commonly used in diabetes patients such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin, statins and ACE inhibitors may increase EPC number and improve EPC function. The mechanisms by which these drugs modulate EPC function may involve reduction in inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance as well as an increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This review will discuss the evidence in the literature regarding the above mentioned topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus V Desouza
- Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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HUANG SHUAI, PENG LONGYUN, TANG YUBO, ZHANG LONGJUAN, GUO WEI, ZOU XUENONG, PENG XINSHENG. Hypoxia of PC-3 prostate cancer cells enhances migration and vasculogenesis in vitro of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells by secretion of cytokines. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2369-77. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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35
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Tikhonenko M, Lydic TA, Opreanu M, Li Calzi S, Bozack S, McSorley KM, Sochacki AL, Faber MS, Hazra S, Duclos S, Guberski D, Reid GE, Grant MB, Busik JV. N-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids prevent diabetic retinopathy by inhibition of retinal vascular damage and enhanced endothelial progenitor cell reparative function. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55177. [PMID: 23383097 PMCID: PMC3558503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The vasodegenerative phase of diabetic retinopathy is characterized by not only retinal vascular degeneration but also inadequate vascular repair due to compromised bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We propose that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency in diabetes results in activation of the central enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and that ASM represents a molecular metabolic link connecting the initial damage in the retina and the dysfunction of EPCs. Research Design and Methods Type 2 diabetic rats on control or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diet were studied. The number of acellular capillaries in the retinas was assessed by trypsin digest. mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in the retinas from diabetic animals were compared to controls and ASM protein was assessed by western analysis. EPCs were isolated from blood and bone marrow and their numbers and ability to form colonies in vitro, ASM activity and lipid profiles were determined. Results DHA-rich diet prevented diabetes-induced increase in the number of retinal acellular capillaries and significantly enhanced the life span of type 2 diabetic animals. DHA-rich diet blocked upregulation of ASM and other inflammatory markers in diabetic retina and prevented the increase in ASM activity in EPCs, normalized the numbers of circulating EPCs and improved EPC colony formation. Conclusions In a type 2 diabetes animal model, DHA-rich diet fully prevented retinal vascular pathology through inhibition of ASM in both retina and EPCs, leading to a concomitant suppression of retinal inflammation and correction of EPC number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tikhonenko
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Madalina Opreanu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Bozack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. McSorley
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Sochacki
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Faber
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sugata Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shane Duclos
- Biomedical Research Models, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dennis Guberski
- Biomedical Research Models, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gavin E. Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia V. Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Albiero M, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Restoring stem cell mobilization to promote vascular repair in diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 58:253-8. [PMID: 23369723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes triggers endothelial dysfunction, which is linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow are involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity. Diabetic patients show a dysfunction of these cells, which might represent a novel pathophysiological mechanism of vascular disease. Specifically, stem and progenitor cells fail to egress from the bone marrow (BM) due to BM pathological alterations and unresponsiveness to mobilizing stimuli. In this review, we describe impaired stem cell mobilization in diabetes as a mechanism of failed vascular repair and we provide evidence that pharmacological strategies can restore mobilization. We discuss recent advances in the knowledge of aberrant organization of the diabetic BM and its implications for impaired mobilization. Finally, we describe in detail the pharmacological exploitation of the G-CSF/DPP-4(CD26)/SDF-1α axis as a novel strategy to improve mobilization and attain vascular repair in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Albiero
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Diabetology, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Rajwani A, Cubbon RM, Wheatcroft SB. Cell-specific insulin resistance: implications for atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:627-34. [PMID: 22987644 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is increasingly acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite this, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that might account for this relationship remain incompletely understood. A key challenge has been in distinguishing between a 'whole-body' milieu of inflammation and oxidative stress from the ramifications of cell-specific resistance to insulin. Transgenic models have now begun to explore the cellular influences of insulin resistance on vascular biology, with novel implications for atherosclerosis across a range of cells including endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and fibroblasts. Emerging data from these models have also begun to challenge conventional dogma. In particular, the findings across various cell types are disparate with some even implying a protective influence on vascular biology. We now review these data, highlighting recent advances in our understanding of cellular resistance to insulin as well as those areas where there remains a paucity of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajwani
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Heath & Therapeutics and the Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Menegazzo L, Albiero M, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Endothelial progenitor cells in diabetes mellitus. Biofactors 2012; 38:194-202. [PMID: 22488933 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to its negative impact on the vascular endothelium. The damaged endothelium is repaired by resident cells also through the contribution of a population of circulating cells derived from bone marrow. These cells, termed endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in maintaining endothelial homeostasis and contributes to the formation of new blood vessels with a process called postnatal vasculogenesis. The mechanisms whereby these cells allow for protection of the cardiovascular system are still unclear; nevertheless, consistent evidences have shown that impairment and reduction of EPCs are hallmark features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, EPC alterations might have a pathogenic role in diabetic complications, thus becoming a potential therapeutic target. In this review, EPC alterations will be examined in the context of macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes, highlighting their roles and functions in the progression of the disease.
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Strategies to reverse endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:471823. [PMID: 22474422 PMCID: PMC3296202 DOI: 10.1155/2012/471823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived cells-mediated postnatal vasculogenesis has been reported as the main responsible for the regulation of vascular homeostasis in adults. Since their discovery, endothelial progenitor cells have been depicted as mediators of postnatal vasculogenesis for their peculiar phenotype (partially staminal and partially endothelial), their ability to differentiate in endothelial cell line and to be incorporated into the vessels wall during ischemia/damage. Diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and micro- and macroangiopathy, showed a dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells. Herein, we review the mechanisms involved in diabetes-related dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells, highlighting how hyperglycemia affects the different steps of endothelial progenitor cells lifetime (i.e., bone marrow mobilization, trafficking into the bloodstream, differentiation in endothelial cells, and homing in damaged tissues/organs). Finally, we review preclinical and clinical strategies that aim to revert diabetes-induced dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells as a means of finding new strategies to prevent diabetic complications.
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40
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Piecewicz SM, Pandey A, Roy B, Hua Xiang S, Zetter BR, Sengupta S. Insulin-like growth factors promote vasculogenesis in embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32191. [PMID: 22363814 PMCID: PMC3283730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate into endothelium and form functional blood vessels has been well established and can potentially be harnessed for therapeutic angiogenesis. However, after almost two decades of investigation in this field, limited knowledge exists for directing endothelial differentiation. A better understanding of the cellular mechanisms regulating vasculogenesis is required for the development of embryonic stem cell-based models and therapies. In this study, we elucidated the mechanistic role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1 and 2) and IGF receptors (IGFR1 and 2) in endothelial differentiation using an embryonic stem cell embryoid body model. Both IGF1 or IGF2 predisposed embryonic stem to differentiate towards a mesodermal lineage, the endothelial precursor germ layer, as well as increased the generation of significantly more endothelial cells at later stages. Inhibition of IGFR1 signaling using neutralizing antibody or a pharmacological inhibitor, picropodophyllin, significantly reduced IGF-induced mesoderm and endothelial precursor cell formation. We confirmed that IGF-IGFR1 signaling stabilizes HIF1α and leads to up-regulation of VEGF during vasculogenesis in embryoid bodies. Understanding the mechanisms that are critical for vasculogenesis in various models will bring us one step closer to enabling cell based therapies for neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Piecewicz
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Soh Hua Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Zetter
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Mayer P, Reitzenstein U, Warnken M, Enzmann H, Racké K. Insulin action on H292 bronchial carcinoma cells as compared to normal bronchial epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011; 25:104-14. [PMID: 22210006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled insulin may contribute to bronchial carcinoma due to IGF-I receptor activation by high local concentrations. Therefore, effects of insulin and IGF-I on human bronchial carcinoma cells (H292) and normal bronchial epithelium cells (HBE) were studied. TGF-β was included since it also influences carcinoma progression. H292 and HBE cells expressed both the insulin receptor and the IGF-I receptor; in H292 cells an additional, shorter, splicing variant (IR-A) of the insulin receptor was present. Insulin receptor expression was around four to five times higher in H292 than in HBE cells at mRNA and protein levels. Insulin and TGF-β exerted contrary actions on proliferation and gene expression in H292 cells. Genes regulated by insulin, IGF-I, and TGF-β were linked to inflammation, cell adhesion, muscle contraction and differentiation. Insulin and IGF-I also suppressed DNA repair genes. EC(50) for insulin-induced proliferation was around 5 nM in H292 and around 30 nM HBE cells. The EC(50) values for gene expression ranged from 9 to 90 nM in both cell types, dependent on the gene studied. In H292 cells, the proliferative response was much stronger if TGF-β was present. In HBE cells this interaction of insulin and TGF-β was not observed, and changes in gene expression were mostly lower by at least 10-fold as compared to H292. All in all, the insulin effects in H292 were generally much stronger than in HBE cells and - with regard to proliferation - occurred at lower concentrations. Thus, insulin will hardly induce cancer from normal bronchial cells but may favour progression of pre-existing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mayer
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, D-53175 Bonn, Germany.
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42
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Insulin modulates ischemia-induced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and neovascularization in diabetic mice. Microvasc Res 2011; 82:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fadini GP, de Kreutzenberg SV, Mariano V, Boscaro E, Bertolini F, Mancuso P, Quarna J, Marescotti M, Agostini C, Tiengo A, Avogaro A. Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of endothelial damage and regeneration in type 2 diabetic patients with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13:718-25. [PMID: 21410861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In diabetes, endothelial damage promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on endothelial damage and regeneration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled T2D with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS Forty-two patients completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and weight gain was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of endothelial damage and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower weight gain and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging T2D patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fadini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy.
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44
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Moderate dose insulin promotes function of endothelial progenitor cells. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:215-20. [PMID: 21143206 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells) regenerate the vascular endothelial cells and keep the integrity of the vascular endothelium and thus may retard the onset of atherosclerosis. Steady state levels of EPCs in the circulation were found to be correlated with cardiovascular event risks. Given the close relationship between insulin and the cardiovascular system, we tested the long-term effects of moderate-dose insulin treatment on bone marrow-derived EPCs. Rat bone marrow EPCs were exposed to various levels of insulin under normal (5 mmol/l) or high (40 mmol/l) glucose conditions for 7 days. Insulin at levels near the physiological range (0.1, 1 nmol/l) up-regulated EPCs proliferation, stimulated NO (nitric oxide) production and reduced EPC senescence and ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation under both normal- and high-glucose conditions. Glucose exerted deleterious effects on EPCs contrary to insulin. Western blot analysis suggested concomitant decrease of Akt phosphorylation and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) expression by high-glucose treatment and increase with insulin administration. Thus, insulin promoted several activities of EPCs, which suggested a potential endothelial protective role of insulin. Akt/eNOS pathway may be involved in the modulation of EPCs function by glucose and insulin.
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45
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Kahn MB, Yuldasheva NY, Cubbon RM, Smith J, Rashid ST, Viswambharan H, Imrie H, Abbas A, Rajwani A, Aziz A, Baliga V, Sukumar P, Gage M, Kearney MT, Wheatcroft SB. Insulin resistance impairs circulating angiogenic progenitor cell function and delays endothelial regeneration. Diabetes 2011; 60:1295-303. [PMID: 21317296 PMCID: PMC3064103 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating angiogenic progenitor cells (APCs) participate in endothelial repair after arterial injury. Type 2 diabetes is associated with fewer circulating APCs, APC dysfunction, and impaired endothelial repair. We set out to determine whether insulin resistance adversely affects APCs and endothelial regeneration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We quantified APCs and assessed APC mobilization and function in mice hemizygous for knockout of the insulin receptor (IRKO) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls. Endothelial regeneration after femoral artery wire injury was also quantified after APC transfusion. RESULTS IRKO mice, although glucose tolerant, had fewer circulating Sca-1(+)/Flk-1(+) APCs than WT mice. Culture of mononuclear cells demonstrated that IRKO mice had fewer APCs in peripheral blood, but not in bone marrow or spleen, suggestive of a mobilization defect. Defective vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated APC mobilization was confirmed in IRKO mice, consistent with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in bone marrow and impaired vascular eNOS activity. Paracrine angiogenic activity of APCs from IRKO mice was impaired compared with those from WT animals. Endothelial regeneration of the femoral artery after denuding wire injury was delayed in IRKO mice compared with WT. Transfusion of mononuclear cells from WT mice normalized the impaired endothelial regeneration in IRKO mice. Transfusion of c-kit(+) bone marrow cells from WT mice also restored endothelial regeneration in IRKO mice. However, transfusion of c-kit(+) cells from IRKO mice was less effective at improving endothelial repair. CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance impairs APC function and delays endothelial regeneration after arterial injury. These findings support the hypothesis that insulin resistance per se is sufficient to jeopardize endogenous vascular repair. Defective endothelial repair may be normalized by transfusion of APCs from insulin-sensitive animals but not from insulin-resistant animals.
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Choi SJ, Kim JK, Hwang SD. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for chronic renal failure. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1217-26. [PMID: 20560782 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.500284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide public health problem. Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, but is limited by a small number of organ donors and the immune barrier. To overcome these problems, new therapeutic strategies for tissue repair have recently emerged. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We discuss the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in kidney injury and examine the latest reports providing evidence supporting MSC efficacy in the treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF). WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN MSCs improve histological and functional outcomes in various CRF model systems. Paracrine effects rather than transdifferentiation might result in the prevention of progressive renal failure. In addition, MSCs can reprogram kidney cell differentiation, and modulate neo-kidney transplantation in CRF. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Although many practical problems remain to be addressed, treatment with MSCs will enter the mainstream of CRF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jeong Choi
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Internal Medicine, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
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47
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Alaiti MA, Ishikawa M, Costa MA. Bone marrow and circulating stem/progenitor cells for regenerative cardiovascular therapy. Transl Res 2010; 156:112-29. [PMID: 20801408 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In addition to the advancement of current therapeutic approaches to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality, regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy have been areas of continuous investigation. Circulating and bone-marrow-derived stem or endothelial progenitor cells are an attractive source for regenerative therapy in the cardiovascular field. In this review, we highlight the advantages and limitations of this approach with a focus on key observations from animal studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Amer Alaiti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harrington-McLaughlin Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-5038, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases cardiovascular risk through its negative impact on vascular endothelium. Although glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity account for endothelial cell damage, endothelial repair is also affected by diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in the maintenance of endothelial homoeostasis and in the process of new vessel formation. For these reasons, EPCs are thought to have a protective impact within the cardiovascular system. In addition, EPCs appear to modulate the functioning of other organs, providing neurotropic signals and promoting repair of the glomerular endothelium. The exact mechanisms by which EPCs provide cardiovascular protection are unknown and the definition of EPCs is not standardized. Notwithstanding these limitations, the literature consistently indicates that EPCs are altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in virtually all diabetic complications. Moreover, experimental models suggest that EPC-based therapies might help prevent or reverse the features of end-organ complications. This identifies EPCs as having a novel pathogenic role in diabetes and being a potential therapeutic target. Several ways of favourably modulating EPCs have been identified, including lifestyle intervention, commonly used medications and cell-based approaches. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of EPC pathophysiology and the potential for EPC modulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Fadini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Medical School, Padova, Italy.
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Ungvari Z, Kaley G, de Cabo R, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A. Mechanisms of vascular aging: new perspectives. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:1028-41. [PMID: 20576649 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on molecular, cellular, and functional changes that occur in the vasculature during aging; explores the links between mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammation, and development of vascular disease in the elderly patients; and provides a landscape of molecular mechanisms involved in cellular oxidative stress resistance, which could be targeted for the prevention or amelioration of unsuccessful vascular aging. Practical interventions for prevention of age-associated vascular dysfunction and disease in old age are considered here based on emerging knowledge of the effects of anti-inflammatory treatments, regular exercise, dietary interventions, and caloric restriction mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1303, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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50
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Fadini GP, Boscaro E, de Kreutzenberg S, Agostini C, Seeger F, Dimmeler S, Zeiher A, Tiengo A, Avogaro A. Time course and mechanisms of circulating progenitor cell reduction in the natural history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:1097-102. [PMID: 20150295 PMCID: PMC2858183 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduction of bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells has been proposed as a novel mechanism of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. The present study was designed to describe the extent and potential mechanisms of progenitor cell reduction during the natural history of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified 425 individuals, divided into seven categories according to carbohydrate metabolism status (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes) and diabetes duration (0-9, 10-19, and >or=20 years). These categories were examined as ideally describing the natural history of type 2 diabetes development and progression. We measured CD34+ and CD34+KDR+ progenitor cells by flow cytometry. We also evaluated progenitor cells in 20 coupled bone marrow and peripheral blood samples and examined progenitor cell apoptosis in 34 subjects. RESULTS In comparison to NGT, CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in IGT and had a first nadir in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and a second nadir after 20 years of diabetes. Statistical adjustment for possible confounders confirmed that CD34+ cell counts are deeply reduced at time of diagnosis, that they partially recover during the subsequent 0-19 years, and that they dip again after >or=20 years. A similar, but less consistent, trend was detected for CD34+KDR+ cells. Peripheral blood CD34+ cells were directly correlated with bone marrow CD34+ cells and inversely correlated with CD34+ cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Circulating progenitor cell reduction marks the clinical onset of type 2 diabetes. Both defective mobilization and increased apoptosis may account for this phenomenon. While a partial recovery occurs during subsequent years, bone marrow reserve seems exhausted in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Medical School, Padova, Italy.
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