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Xiang Z, Chen H, Xu B, Wang H, Zhang T, Guan X, Ma Z, Liang K, Shi Q. Gelatin/heparin coated bio-inspired polyurethane composite fibers to construct small-caliber artificial blood vessel grafts. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131849. [PMID: 38670202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Long-term patency and ability for revascularization remain challenges for small-caliber blood vessel grafts to treat cardiovascular diseases clinically. Here, a gelatin/heparin coated bio-inspired polyurethane composite fibers-based artificial blood vessel with continuous release of NO and biopeptides to regulate vascular tissue repair and maintain long-term patency is fabricated. A biodegradable polyurethane elastomer that can catalyze S-nitrosothiols in the blood to release NO is synthesized (NPU). Then, the NPU core-shell structured nanofiber grafts with requisite mechanical properties and biopeptide release for inflammation manipulation are fabricated by electrospinning and lyophilization. Finally, the surface of tubular NPU nanofiber grafts is coated with heparin/gelatin and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to obtain small-caliber artificial blood vessels (ABVs) with the ability of vascular revascularization. We demonstrate that artificial blood vessel grafts promote the growth of endothelial cells but inhibit the growth of smooth muscle cells by the continuous release of NO; vascular grafts can regulate inflammatory balance for vascular tissue remodel without excessive collagen deposition through the release of biological peptides. Vascular grafts prevent thrombus and vascular stenosis to obtain long-term patency. Hence, our work paves a new way to develop small-caliber artificial blood vessel grafts that can maintain long-term patency in vivo and remodel vascular tissue successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Honghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Baofeng Xu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the R&D of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China.
| | - Haozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Tianci Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinghua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Kuntang Liang
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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2
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Tasić N, Konjević I, Lobato A, Metarapi D, Finšgar M, Oliveira FM, Sofer Z, Gusmão R, Zhang X, Hočevar SB. Study of V 2CT x-MXene Based Immunosensor for Sensitive Label-Free Impedimetric Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38814245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable immunosensing is undoubtedly one of the priorities in the efficient management and combat against a pandemic, as society has experienced with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak; simple and cost-effective sensing strategies are at the forefront of these efforts. In this regard, 2D-layered MXenes hold great potential for electrochemical biosensing due to their attractive physicochemical properties. Herein, we present a V2CTx MXene-based sensing layer as an integral part of a label-free immunosensor for sensitive and selective detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The sensor was fabricated on a supporting screen-printed carbon electrode using Nafion as an immobilizing agent for MXene and glutaraldehyde, the latter enabling effective binding of protein A for further site-oriented immobilization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A thorough structural analysis of the sensor architecture was carried out, and several key parameters affecting the fabrication and analytical performance of the immunosensor were investigated and optimized. The immunosensor showed excellent electroanalytical performance in combination with an impedimetric approach and exhibited a low detection limit of only 45 fM SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Its practical applicability was successfully demonstrated by measuring the spike protein in a spiked artificial nasopharyngeal fluid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tasić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Konjević
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alnilan Lobato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School Jožef Štefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dino Metarapi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Filipa M Oliveira
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Zděnek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Rui Gusmão
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, 3688 Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Samo B Hočevar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Han L, Zhu J, Jones KL, Yang J, Zhai R, Cao J, Hu B. Fabrication and functional application of zein-based core-shell structures: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132796. [PMID: 38823740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Core-shell structures exhibit a number of distinct absorptive properties that make them attractive tools for use in a range of industrial contexts including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, cosmetics, and food/agriculture. Several recent studies have focused on the development and fabrication of zein-based core-shell structures for a range of functional material deliveries. However, no recent review article has evaluated the fabrication of such core-shell structures for food-based applications. In this paper, we therefore survey current approaches to fabricating different zein-based platforms including particles, fibers, films, and hydrogels that have appeared in a variety of functionally relevant applications. In addition, we highlight certain challenges and future research directions in this field, thereby providing a novel perspective on zein-based core-shell structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Han
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Kevin L Jones
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
| | - Jixin Yang
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndwr University, Plas Coch, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiyi Zhai
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Lab of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China.
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Shi F, Ma L, Chen Z, Huang Y, Lin L, Qin Z. Long-term disinfectant exposure on intestinal immunity and microbiome variation of grass carp. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106942. [PMID: 38788458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is crucial in maintaining fish health homeostasis. Disinfectants can kill important pathogens and disinfect fish eggs, yet their effect on the immune pathways and intestinal microbiome in healthy fish remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of two disinfectants on the transcriptome profiles, immunological response, and gut microbiota dynamics of grass carp over a four-week trial. In particular, aquatic water was disinfected with 80 μg/L glutaraldehyde or 50 μg/L povidone-iodine. We found that glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine induced gut antioxidant system and depressed the function of grass carp digestive enzymes. The results of the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing identified a reduction in the diversity of grass carp gut microbiota following the disinfectant treatment. Moreover, transcriptome profiling revealed that disinfectant exposure altered the immune-related pathways of grass carp and inhibited the expression of inflammation and tight junction related genes. Finally, the histopathological observation and apoptosis detection results suggested that the long-term diet of disinfectant destroyed intestinal structural integrity and promoted apoptosis. In conclusion, long-term exposure to disinfectants was observed to reduce oxidation resistance, suppress the immune response, dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, and resulted in increasing the apoptosis in intestinal of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Yao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
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5
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Batchu K, Probst D, Satomura T, Sode K. Development of the BioBattery: A novel enzyme fuel cell using a multicopper oxidase as an anodic enzyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 252:116092. [PMID: 38401283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the development of an enzyme fuel cell, termed "BioBattery", that utilizes multicopper oxidases as the anodic enzyme in a non-diffusion limited system. We evaluated various enzyme variants as the anode, including multicopper oxidase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum, laccase from Trametes versicolor, and bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria. Several combinations of cathodes were also examined, focusing on the reduction of oxygen as the primary electron acceptor. The optimal pairing used multicopper oxidase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum as the anode and amine reactive phenazine ethosulfate modified bovine serum albumin as the cathode. BioBattery was integrated with our previously developed BioCapacitor, proving capable of consistently powering a 470 μF capacitor, positioning it as a modular power source for wearable and implantable systems. This research work addresses and overcomes some of the fundamental limitations seen in enzyme fuel cells, where power and current are often limited by substrate accessibility to the active electrode surface. (152 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartheek Batchu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David Probst
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Takenori Satomura
- Division of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Malyshev D, Lee CC, Andersson M. Evaluating Bacterial Spore Preparation Methods for Scanning Electron Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024:ozae037. [PMID: 38701197 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can reveal the ultrastructure of bacterial spores, including morphology, surface features, texture, spore damage, germination, and appendages. Understanding these features can provide a basis for adherence, how physical and environmental stressors affect spore viability, integrity, and functionality, as well as the distribution and function of surface appendages. However, the spore sample preparation method can significantly impact the SEM images' appearance, resolution, and overall quality. In this study, we compare different spore preparation methods to identify optimal approaches for preparation time, spore appearance and resolved features, including the exosporium and spore pili, for SEM imaging. We use Bacillus paranthracis as model species and evaluate the efficacy of preparation protocols using different fixation and drying methods, as well as imaging under room- and cryogenic temperatures. We compare and assess method complexity to the visibility of the spore exosporium and spore appendages across different methods. Additionally, we use Haralick texture features to quantify the differences in spore surface appearance and determine the most suitable method for preserving spore structures and surface features during SEM evaluation. The findings from this study will help establish protocols for preparing bacterial spores for SEM and facilitating accurate and reliable analysis of spores' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Malyshev
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Linnaeus Väg, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Cheng Choo Lee
- Umeå Centre for Electron Microscopy (UCEM), Umeå University, Linnaeus Väg, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Linnaeus Väg, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Linnaeus Väg, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
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7
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Mahato K, Moon JM, Moonla C, Longardner K, Ghodsi H, Litvan I, Wang J. Biosensor Strip for Rapid On-site Assessment of Levodopa Pharmacokinetics along with Motor Performance in Parkinson's Disease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403583. [PMID: 38682251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
While levodopa (L-Dopa) is the primary treatment for alleviating Parkinson's disease (PD), its efficacy is hindered by challenges such as a short half-life and inconsistent plasma levels. As PD progresses, the rising need for increased and more frequent L-Dopa doses coupled with symptom fluctuations and dyskinesias underscores the urgency for improved comprehension of the interplay between L-Dopa levels and PD motor symptoms. Addressing this critical need, we present a decentralized testing method using a disposable biosensor strip and a universal slope (U-slope) calibration-free approach. This enables reliable, rapid, simple, and cost-effective decentralized L-Dopa measurements from capillary blood. A pilot study with PD persons demonstrates the ability to monitor real-time L-Dopa pharmacokinetics from fingerstick blood after oral L-Dopa-Carbidopa (C-Dopa) tablet administration. Correlating capillary blood L-Dopa levels with PD motor scores revealed a well-defined inverse correlation with temporal motor fluctuations. We compared the resulting dynamic capillary blood L-Dopa levels with plasma L-Dopa levels using the traditional but clinically impractical high-performance liquid chromatography technique. By providing timely feedback on a proper L-Dopa dosing regimen in a decentralized and rapid fashion, this new biosensing platform will facilitate tailored optimal L-Dopa dosing, towards improving symptom management and enhancing health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chochanon Moonla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katherine Longardner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghodsi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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8
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Kohlmann P, Krylov SN, Marchand P, Jose J. FRET Assays for the Identification of C. albicans HSP90-Sba1 and Human HSP90α-p23 Binding Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:516. [PMID: 38675476 PMCID: PMC11053944 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a critical target for anticancer and anti-fungal-infection therapies due to its central role as a molecular chaperone involved in protein folding and activation. In this study, we developed in vitro Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assays to characterize the binding of C. albicans HSP90 to its co-chaperone Sba1, as well as that of the homologous human HSP90α to p23. The assay for human HSP90α binding to p23 enables selectivity assessment for compounds aimed to inhibit the binding of C. albicans HSP90 to Sba1 without affecting the physiological activity of human HSP90α. The combination of the two assays is important for antifungal drug development, while the assay for human HSP90α can potentially be used on its own for anticancer drug discovery. Since ATP binding of HSP90 is a prerequisite for HSP90-Sba1/p23 binding, ATP-competitive inhibitors can be identified with the assays. The specificity of binding of fusion protein constructs-HSP90-mNeonGreen (donor) and Sba1-mScarlet-I (acceptor)-to each other in our assay was confirmed via competitive inhibition by both non-labeled Sba1 and known ATP-competitive inhibitors. We utilized the developed assays to characterize the stability of both HSP90-Sba1 and HSP90α-p23 affinity complexes quantitatively. Kd values were determined and assessed for their precision and accuracy using the 95.5% confidence level. For HSP90-Sba1, the precision confidence interval (PCI) was found to be 70-120 (100 ± 20) nM while the accuracy confidence interval (ACI) was 100-130 nM. For HSP90α-p23, PCI was 180-260 (220 ± 40) nM and ACI was 200-270 nM. The developed assays were used to screen a nucleoside-mimetics library of 320 compounds for inhibitory activity against both C. albicans HSP90-Sba1 and human HSP90α-p23 binding. No novel active compounds were identified. Overall, the developed assays exhibited low data variability and robust signal separation, achieving Z factors > 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kohlmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacampus, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacampus, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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Charoenchokpanich W, Muangrod P, Roytrakul S, Rungsardthong V, Wonganu B, Charoenlappanit S, Casanova F, Thumthanaruk B. Exploring the Model of Cefazolin Released from Jellyfish Gelatin-Based Hydrogels as Affected by Glutaraldehyde. Gels 2024; 10:271. [PMID: 38667690 PMCID: PMC11048929 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to its excellent biocompatibility and ease of biodegradation, jellyfish gelatin has gained attention as a hydrogel. However, hydrogel produced from jellyfish gelatin has not yet been sufficiently characterized. Therefore, this research aims to produce a jellyfish gelatin-based hydrogel. The gelatin produced from desalted jellyfish by-products varied with the part of the specimen and extraction time. Hydrogels with gelatin: glutaraldehyde ratios of 10:0.25, 10:0.50, and 10:1.00 (v/v) were characterized, and their cefazolin release ability was determined. The optimal conditions for gelatin extraction and chosen for the development of jellyfish hydrogels (JGel) included the use of the umbrella part of desalted jellyfish by-products extracted for 24 h (WU24), which yielded the highest gel strength (460.02 g), viscosity (24.45 cP), gelling temperature (12.70 °C), and melting temperature (22.48 °C). The quantities of collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain A, collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain, and collagen alpha-2(IX) chain in WU24 may influence its gel properties. Increasing the glutaraldehyde content in JGel increased the gel fraction by decreasing the space between the protein chains and gel swelling, as glutaraldehyde binds with lateral amino acid residues and produces a stronger network. At 8 h, more than 80% of the cefazolin in JGel (10:0.25) was released, which was higher than that released from bovine hydrogel (52.81%) and fish hydrogel (54.04%). This research is the first report focused on the production of JGel using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriya Charoenchokpanich
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Pratchaya Muangrod
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Vilai Rungsardthong
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
- Food and Agro-Industry Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Center for Food Industry Innovation Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Benjamaporn Wonganu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Federico Casanova
- Research Group for Food Production Engineering, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 28000 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Benjawan Thumthanaruk
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand; (W.C.); (P.M.); (V.R.)
- Food and Agro-Industry Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
- Center for Food Industry Innovation Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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10
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Hernández J, Panadero-Medianero C, Arrázola MS, Ahumada M. Mimicking the Physicochemical Properties of the Cornea: A Low-Cost Approximation Using Highly Available Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1118. [PMID: 38675037 PMCID: PMC11053614 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases represent a significant global health challenge, often resulting in blindness, for which penetrating keratoplasty is the clinical gold standard. However, in cases involving compromised ocular surfaces or graft failure, osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis (OOKP) emerges as a vital yet costly and complex alternative. Thus, there is an urgent need to introduce soft biomaterials that mimic the corneal tissue, considering its translation's physicochemical, biological, and economic costs. This study introduces a cross-linked mixture of economically viable biomaterials, including gelatin, chitosan, and poly-D-lysine, that mimic corneal properties. The physicochemical evaluation of certain mixtures, specifically gelatin, chitosan, and poly-D-lysine cross-linked with 0.10% glutaraldehyde, demonstrates that properties such as swelling, optical transmittance, and thermal degradation are comparable to those of native corneas. Additionally, constructs fabricated with poly-D-lysine exhibit good cytocompatibility with fibroblasts at 72 h. These findings suggest that low-cost biopolymers, particularly those incorporating poly-D-lysine, mimic specific corneal characteristics and have the potential to foster fibroblast survival. While further studies are required to reach a final corneal-mimicking solution, this study contributes to positioning low-cost reagents as possible alternatives to develop biomaterials with physicochemical properties like those of the human cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hernández
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile;
| | - Concepción Panadero-Medianero
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (C.P.-M.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Macarena S. Arrázola
- Centro de Biología Integrativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile; (C.P.-M.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Manuel Ahumada
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile;
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Jing W, Hou F, Wu X, Zheng M, Zheng Y, Lu F, Liu F. A Critical Review on Immobilized Sucrose Isomerase and Cells for Producing Isomaltulose. Foods 2024; 13:1228. [PMID: 38672899 PMCID: PMC11048954 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a novel sweetener and is considered healthier than the common sugars, such as sucrose or glucose. It has been internationally recognized as a safe food product and holds vast potential in pharmaceutical and food industries. Sucrose isomerase is commonly used to produce isomaltulose from the substrate sucrose in vitro and in vivo. However, free cells/enzymes were often mixed with the product, making recycling difficult and leading to a significant increase in production costs. Immobilized cells/enzymes have the following advantages including easy separation from products, high stability, and reusability, which can significantly reduce production costs. They are more suitable than free ones for industrial production. Recently, immobilized cells/enzymes have been encapsulated using composite materials to enhance their mechanical strength and reusability and reduce leakage. This review summarizes the advancements made in immobilized cells/enzymes for isomaltulose production in terms of refining traditional approaches and innovating in materials and methods. Moreover, innovations in immobilized enzyme methods include cross-linked enzyme aggregates, nanoflowers, inclusion bodies, and directed affinity immobilization. Material innovations involve nanomaterials, graphene oxide, and so on. These innovations circumvent challenges like the utilization of toxic cross-linking agents and enzyme leakage encountered in traditional methods, thus contributing to enhanced enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (W.J.); (F.H.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (F.L.)
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12
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Vaziri AS, Vasheghani-Farahani E, Hosseinzadeh S, Bagheri F, Büchner M, Schubert DW, Boccaccini AR. Genipin-Cross-Linked Silk Fibroin/Alginate Dialdehyde Hydrogel with Tunable Gelation Kinetics, Degradability, and Mechanical Properties: A Potential Candidate for Tissue Regeneration. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2323-2337. [PMID: 38437165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Genipin-cross-linked silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel is considered to be biocompatible and mechanically robust. However, its use remains a challenge for in situ forming applications due to its prolonged gelation process. In our attempt to facilitate the in situ fabrication of a genipin-mediated SF hydrogel, alginate dialdehyde (ADA) was utilized as a reinforcement template. Here, SF/ADA-based hydrogels with different compositions were synthesized covalently and ionically. Incorporating ADA into the SF hydrogel increased pore size (44.66-174.66 μm), porosity (61.59-80.40%), and the equilibrium swelling degree (7.60-30.17). Moreover, a wide range of storage modulus and compressive modulus were obtained by adjusting the proportions of SF and ADA networks within the hydrogel. The in vitro cell analysis using preosteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) demonstrated the cytocompatibility of all hydrogels. Overall, the covalently and ionically cross-linked SF/ADA hydrogel represents a promising solution for in situ forming hydrogels for applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadat Vaziri
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968917313, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Margitta Büchner
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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13
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Kim KS, Lee Y, Lee JH, Lee SS, Chung JM, Jung HS. Optimizing protein crosslinking control: Synergistic quenching effects of glycine, histidine, and lysine on glutaraldehyde reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149567. [PMID: 38335701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde (GA) is a protein crosslinker widely used in biochemical and pharmaceutical research because it can rapidly stabilize and immobilize substrates via amine group interactions. However, controlling GA crosslinking is challenging owing to its swift reactivity and the influence of various solution conditions, such as pH and concentrations of the substrate and crosslinker. Although extensive research has focused on GA cross-linking mechanisms, studies on quenching, which is critical for preventing non-specific aggregation during prolonged storage, remain sparse. This study examines the quenching efficiency of a combined amino acid mixture of glycine, histidine, and lysine, which are commonly used as individual quenchers. Our findings, confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, demonstrate that this amino acid blend offers superior quenching compared to single amino acids, enhancing quenching activity across a wide pH spectrum. These results provide a novel approach for mitigating the high reactivity of GA with implications for improving sample preservation and stabilization in a range of biochemical applications, including microscopy and cell fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sub Kim
- Division of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon , 14662, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiation Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon , 14662, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Division of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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14
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de Andrades D, Abellanas P, Carballares D, Alcantara AR, Polizeli MDLTDM, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Adsorption features of reduced aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde: Understanding the heterofunctional features of these supports. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130403. [PMID: 38417754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes on aminated supports using the glutaraldehyde chemistry may involve three different interactions, cationic, hydrophobic, and covalent interactions. To try to understand the impact this heterofunctionality, we study the physical adsorption of the beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger, on aminated supports (MANAE) and aminated supports with one (MANAE-GLU) or two molecules of glutaraldehyde (MANAE-GLU-GLU). To eliminate the chemical reactivity of the glutaraldehyde, the supports were reduced using sodium borohydride. After enzyme adsorption, the release of the enzyme from the supports using different NaCl concentrations, Triton X100, ionic detergents (SDS and CTAB), or different temperatures (4 °C to 55 °C) was studied. Using MANAE support, at 0.3 M NaCl almost all the immobilized enzyme was released. Using MANAE-GLU, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M NaCl similar results were obtained. However, incubation at 1 M or 2 M NaCl, many enzyme molecules were not released from the support. For the MANAE-GLU-GLU support, none of the tested concentrations of NaCl was sufficient to release all enzyme bound to the support. Only using high temperatures, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1 % CTAB or SDS, could the totality of the proteins be released from the support. The results shown in this paper confirm the heterofunctional character of aminated supports modified with glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra de Andrades
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Abellanas
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Andres R Alcantara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain.
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15
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Lee YL, Jaafar NR, Ling JG, Huyop F, Abu Bakar FD, Rahman RA, Illias RM. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of polyethylene terephthalate hydrolyse (PETase) from Ideonella sakaiensis for the improvement of plastic degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130284. [PMID: 38382786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most produced plastics globally and its accumulation in the environment causes harm to the ecosystem. Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolyse (PETase) is an enzyme that can degrade PET into its monomers. However, free PETase lacks operational stabilities and is not reusable. In this study, development of cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) of PETase using amylopectin (Amy) as cross-linker was introduced to solve the limitations of free PETase. PETase-Amy-CLEA exhibited activity recovery of 81.9 % at its best immobilization condition. Furthermore, PETase-Amy-CLEA exhibited 1.37-, 2.75-, 2.28- and 1.36-fold higher half-lives than free PETase at 50 °C, 45 °C, 40 °C and 35 °C respectively. Moreover, PETase-Amy-CLEA showed broader pH stability from pH 5 to 10 and could be reused up to 5 cycles. PETase-Amy-CLEA retained >70 % of initial activity after 40 days of storage at 4 °C. In addition, lower Km of PETase-Amy-CLEA indicated better substrate affinity than free enzyme. PETase-Amy-CLEA corroded PET better and products yielded was 66.7 % higher than free PETase after 32 h of treatment. Hence, the enhanced operational stabilities, storage stability, reusability and plastic degradation ability are believed to make PETase-Amy-CLEA a promising biocatalyst in plastic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin Lee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Guyang Ling
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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16
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Rani R, Badwaik LS. Synergistic impact of natural gums and crosslinkers on the properties of oilseed meals based biopolymeric films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130809. [PMID: 38493819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The waste material utilization from available agricultural resources can be beneficial in the field of economic, social, and environmental well-being. One of the main industrial crops used to manufacture oil from oilseeds worldwide is agricultural waste, such as the cake made from oilseeds. In this study, de-oiled cakes are used to create biopolymeric films. Three widely accessible oilseed meals viz. flaxseed, soybean, and mustard were gathered, ground, and sieved. A film forming suspension of defatted meals along with natural gums (acacia and xanthan gum) and crosslinkers (citric acid and glutaraldehyde) were formed. The suspension was cast into petri dishes and dried to produce smooth and even films. The physical, functional, color, thermal and morphological properties of the oilseed meals-gums crosslinked biopolymeric film were evaluated and statistical analysis was performed. The solubility was found to be decreased and tensile strength was increased with the addition of citric acid and increase in tensile strength. There was significant difference observed in the values of elongation at break after addition of citric acid as crosslinker. The research shows how oilseed meals enriched with natural gum and crosslinkers may be converted into biopolymeric films, which can then be used in food packaging to lessen reliance on petroleum-based, non-biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rani
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
| | - Laxmikant S Badwaik
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India.
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17
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Diaz-Gonzalez J, Arriaga LG, Casanova-Moreno JR. Probing the influence of crosslinkers on the properties, response, and degradation of enzymatic hydrogels for electrochemical glucose biosensing through fluorescence analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9514-9528. [PMID: 38516160 PMCID: PMC10953846 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Drop-cast crosslinked hydrogels are a common platform for enzymatic electrochemical biosensors. Despite the widespread use of these complex systems, there are still several questions about how their physicochemical properties affect their performance, stability, and reproducibility. In this work, first-generation faradaic biosensors composed of glucose oxidase and branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) are prepared using either glutaraldehyde (GA) or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) as crosslinkers. While EGDGE gels present an increasing electrochemical response with increasing crosslinker concentration, the current of GA gels decreases at high crosslinker concentration probably due to the hampered diffusion on tightly networked gels. We compared different strategies to use fluorescence microscopy to gain insight into the gel structure either by labeling the gel components with fluorophores or taking advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence of the imines formed upon crosslinking with GA. By monitoring the fluorescence of the crosslinking bonds and the electrochemical response, we demonstrate that hydrolysis, a common hydrogel degradation mechanism, is not responsible for the loss of electrical current over time in gels prepared with glutaraldehyde. Most hydrogel-based electrochemical biosensor studies do not perform specific experiments to determine the cause of the degradation and instead just infer it from the dependence of the current on the preparation conditions (most commonly concentrations). We show that, by taking advantage of several analytical techniques, it is possible to gain more knowledge about the degradation mechanisms and design better enzymatic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jancarlo Diaz-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica Pedro Escobedo Querétaro 76703 Mexico
| | - L G Arriaga
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica Pedro Escobedo Querétaro 76703 Mexico
| | - Jannu R Casanova-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica Pedro Escobedo Querétaro 76703 Mexico
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18
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Hasan M, Choi J, Akter H, Kang H, Ahn M, Lee S. Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle Therapy for Inhibiting T-Cell Mediated Inflammation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307148. [PMID: 38161230 PMCID: PMC10953552 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tolerance induction is critical for mitigating T cell-mediated inflammation. Treatments based on anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) play a pivotal role in inducing such tolerance. Anti-CD3 mAb conjugated with dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) may induce inflammatory tolerance is posited. MNPs conjugated with anti-CD3 mAb (Ab-MNPs) are characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and their distribution is assessed using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Compared to MNPs, 90% of Ab-MNPs increased in size from 54.7 ± 0.5 to 71.7 ± 2.7 nm. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic material as nontoxic and biocompatible. Mice are administered various dosages of Ab-MNPs before receiving concanavalin-A (ConA), an inflammation inducer. Preadministration of Ab-MNPs, as opposed to MNPs or anti-CD3 mAb alone, significantly reduced the serum levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-6 in ConA-treated mice. Additionally, the transdermal stamp patch as an effective delivery system for Ab-MNPs is validated. This study demonstrates the utility of the Ab-MNP complex in pathologies associated with T cell-mediated hyperinflammation, such as organ transplantation and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyLife Science FacultyBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology UniversityGopalganj8100Bangladesh
| | - Jong‐Gu Choi
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
| | - Hafeza Akter
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
| | - Hasung Kang
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal ScienceCollege of Life ScienceSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
| | - Sang‐Suk Lee
- Department of Digital HealthcareSangji UniversityWonju26339South Korea
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19
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Hartmann P, Bohdan K, Hommrich M, Juliá F, Vogelsang L, Eirich J, Zangl R, Farès C, Jacobs JB, Mukhopadhyay D, Mengeler JM, Vetere A, Sterling MS, Hinrichs H, Becker S, Morgner N, Schrader W, Finkemeier I, Dietz KJ, Griesinger C, Ritter T. Chemoselective umpolung of thiols to episulfoniums for cysteine bioconjugation. Nat Chem 2024; 16:380-388. [PMID: 38123842 PMCID: PMC10914617 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine conjugation is an important tool in protein research and relies on fast, mild and chemoselective reactions. Cysteinyl thiols can either be modified with prefunctionalized electrophiles, or converted into electrophiles themselves for functionalization with selected nucleophiles in an independent step. Here we report a bioconjugation strategy that uses a vinyl thianthrenium salt to transform cysteine into a highly reactive electrophilic episulfonium intermediate in situ, to enable conjugation with a diverse set of bioorthogonal nucleophiles in a single step. The reactivity profile can connect several nucleophiles to biomolecules through a short and stable ethylene linker, ideal for introduction of infrared labels, post-translational modifications or NMR probes. In the absence of reactive exogenous nucleophiles, nucleophilic amino acids can react with the episulfonium intermediate for native peptide stapling and protein-protein ligation. Ready synthetic access to isotopologues of vinyl thianthrenium salts enables applications in quantitative proteomics. Such diverse applications demonstrate the utility of vinyl-thianthrenium-based bioconjugation as a fast, selective and broadly applicable tool for chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Hommrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabio Juliá
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rene Zangl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Vetere
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Heike Hinrichs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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20
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Akter Y, Islam MM, Akter MS, Afrin K, Alam MS, Haque P, Bahadur NM. Silver nanoparticle reinforced polylactic acid and gelatin composite films for advanced wound dressing. J Biomater Appl 2024; 38:915-931. [PMID: 38346020 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241233720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional and biodegradable dressings with high mechanical strength and good antibacterial activity are crucial in fundamental health services. This study was initiated to prepare a novel curative wound dressing film consisting of natural biodegradable gelatin (G) and polylactic acid (PLA) with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) where glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as compatibilizer. The prepared composite films addressed the poor thermal and biological stability of G and the limited fluid retention capacity of PLA. Silver nanoparticles were prepared by basic chemical reduction and reinforced on polymer films using simple solvent casting, which obviated common clinical infections and accelerated wound closure rate (p < .05). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed composite formation through H-bonding and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed increased crystallinity due to incorporating AgNPs. Films with G, PLA & GA (50:50:5 by volume) introduced the best elasticity & strength with excellent fluid retention properties (p < .05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images unfolded surface morphology and presence of agglomerated AgNPs on film surfaces. Prepared films exhibited significant antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas sp. and showed excellent cell viability (>97 %) in Vero cell line. Finally, an in vivo mouse model study showed 99.7 % contraction (p < .05) within 12 days, which was most effectual and 12 % faster than conventional gauge bandages. These results demonstrated the promising and cost-effective potential of the prepared film for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Akter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Minhajul Islam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Akter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khodeja Afrin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Alam
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Haque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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21
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Shi F, Chen Z, Yao M, Huang Y, Xiao J, Ma L, Mo J, Lin L, Qin Z. Effects of glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine on apoptosis of grass carp liver and hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116078. [PMID: 38335575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Since disinfectants are used all over the world to treat illnesses in people and other animals, they pose a major risk to human health. The comprehensive effects of disinfectant treatments on fish liver, especially the impacts on oxidative stress, toxicological effects, transcriptome profiles, and apoptosis, have not yet been fully analyzed. In the current investigation, healthy grass carp were exposed to 80 μg/L glutaraldehyde or 50 μg/L povidone-iodine for 30 days. First, the findings of enzyme activity tests demonstrated that the administration of glutaraldehyde could considerably increase oxidative stress by lowering T-SOD, CAT, and GPx and raising MDA. Furthermore, KEGG research revealed that exposure to glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine stimulated the PPAR signal pathway. To further elucidate the transcriptome results, the relative expressions of related DEGs in the PPAR signal pathway were verified. Glutaraldehyde induced apoptosis in liver tissue of grass carp; however, it activated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes when exposed to glutaraldehyde or povidone-iodine. According to the current study, disinfectants can cause the impairment of the immune system, oxidative stress, and attenuation of the PPAR signal pathway in the liver of grass carp, making them detrimental as dietary supplements for grass carp, particularly in the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Minshan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Yao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Department of orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Jilin Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
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22
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Tian L, Jackson K, He L, Khan S, Thirugnanasampanthar M, Gomez M, Bayat F, Didar TF, Hosseinidoust Z. High-throughput fabrication of antimicrobial phage microgels and example applications in food decontamination. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00964-6. [PMID: 38413781 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Engineered by nature, biological entities are exceptional building blocks for biomaterials. These entities can impart enhanced functionalities on the final material that are otherwise unattainable. However, preserving the bioactive functionalities of these building blocks during the material fabrication process remains a challenge. We describe a high-throughput protocol for the bottom-up self-assembly of highly concentrated phages into microgels while preserving and amplifying their inherent antimicrobial activity and biofunctionality. Each microgel is comprised of half a million cross-linked phages as the sole structural component, self-organized in aligned bundles. We discuss common pitfalls in the preparation procedure and describe optimization processes to ensure the preservation of the biofunctionality of the phage building blocks. This protocol enables the production of an antimicrobial spray containing the manufactured phage microgels, loaded with potent virulent phages that effectively reduced high loads of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 on red meat and fresh produce. Compared with other microgel preparation methods, our protocol is particularly well suited to biological materials because it is free of organic solvents and heat. Bench-scale preparation of base materials, namely microporous films (the template for casting microgels) and pure concentrated phage suspension, requires 3.5 h and 5 d, respectively. A single production run, that yields over 1,750,000 microgels, ranges from 2 h to 2 d depending on the rate of cross-linking chemistry. We expect that this platform will address bottlenecks associated with shelf-stability, preservation and delivery of phage for antimicrobial applications, expanding the use of phage for prevention and control of bacterial infections and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leon He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mellissa Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
- Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Nalezinková M, Loskot J, Myslivcová Fučíková A. The use of scanning electron microscopy and fixation methods to evaluate the interaction of blood with the surfaces of medical devices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4622. [PMID: 38409219 PMCID: PMC10897226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Testing the hemocompatibility of medical devices after their interaction with blood entails the need to evaluate the activation of blood elements and the degree of their coagulation and adhesion to the device surface. One possible way to achieve this is to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aim was to develop a novel SEM-based method to assess the thrombogenic potential of medical devices and their adhesiveness to blood cells. As a part of this task, also find a convenient procedure of efficient and non-destructive sample fixation for SEM while reducing the use of highly toxic substances and shortening the fixation time. A polymeric surgical mesh was exposed to blood so that blood elements adhered to its surface. Such prepared samples were then chemically fixed for a subsequent SEM measurement; a number of fixation procedures were tested to find the optimal one. The fixation results were evaluated from SEM images, and the degree of blood elements' adhesion was determined from the images using ImageJ software. The best fixation was achieved with the May-Grünwald solution, which is less toxic than chemicals traditionally used. Moreover, manipulation with highly toxic osmium tetroxide can be avoided in the proposed procedure. A convenient methodology for SEM image analysis has been developed too, enabling to quantitatively evaluate the interaction of blood with the surfaces of various medical devices. Our method replaces the subjective assessment of surface coverage with a better-defined procedure, thus offering more precise and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nalezinková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Loskot
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Myslivcová Fučíková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic
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24
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Wang J, Liu H, Shi X, Qin S, Liu J, Lv Q, Liu J, Li Q, Wang Z, Wang L. Development and Application of an Advanced Biomedical Material-Silk Sericin. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311593. [PMID: 38386199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Sericin, a protein derived from silkworm cocoons, is considered a waste product derived from the silk industry for thousands of years due to a lack of understanding of its properties. However, in recent decades, a range of exciting properties of sericin are studied and uncovered, including cytocompatibility, low-immunogenicity, photo-luminescence, antioxidant properties, as well as cell-function regulating activities. These properties make sericin-based biomaterials promising candidates for biomedical applications. This review summarizes the properties and bioactivities of silk sericin and highlights the latest developments in sericin in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the extended application of sericin in developing flexible electronic devices and 3D bioprinting is also discussed. It is believed that sericin-based biomaterials have great potential of being developed into novel tissue engineering products and smart implantable devices for various medical applications toward improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sumei Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiying Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qilin's Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Multi-disciplinary Translational Research, Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Clinical Laboratory and Active Health Smart Equipment, Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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25
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Skendrović D, Primožič M, Rezić T, Vrsalović Presečki A. Mesocellular Silica Foam as Immobilization Carrier for Production of Statin Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1971. [PMID: 38396648 PMCID: PMC10887991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The employment of 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) stands as a prevalent biocatalytic route for synthesizing statin side chains. The main problem with this pathway is the low stability of the enzyme. In this study, mesocellular silica foam (MCF) with different pore sizes was used as a carrier for the covalent immobilization of DERA. Different functionalizing and activating agents were tested and kinetic modeling was subsequently performed. The use of succinic anhydride as an activating agent resulted in an enzyme hyperactivation of approx. 140%, and the stability almost doubled compared to that of the free enzyme. It was also shown that the pore size of MCF has a decisive influence on the stability of the DERA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Skendrović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mateja Primožič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Tonči Rezić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Vrsalović Presečki
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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26
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Aleksic M, Rajagopal R, de-Ávila R, Spriggs S, Gilmour N. The skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway: exploring the role of mechanistic understanding for higher tier risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:69-91. [PMID: 38385441 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2308816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
For over a decade, the skin sensitization Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) has served as a useful framework for development of novel in chemico and in vitro assays for use in skin sensitization hazard and risk assessment. Since its establishment, the AOP framework further fueled the existing efforts in new assay development and stimulated a plethora of activities with particular focus on validation, reproducibility and interpretation of individual assays and combination of assay outputs for use in hazard/risk assessment. In parallel, research efforts have also accelerated in pace, providing new molecular and dynamic insight into key events leading to sensitization. In light of novel hypotheses emerging from over a decade of focused research effort, mechanistic evidence relating to the key events in the skin sensitization AOP may complement the tools currently used in risk assessment. We reviewed the recent advances unraveling the complexity of molecular events in sensitization and signpost the most promising avenues for further exploration and development of useful assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Aleksic
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Ramya Rajagopal
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Renato de-Ávila
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Sandrine Spriggs
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Nicola Gilmour
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK
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27
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Bolina ICA, Mendes AA. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the thermal inactivation of lipase immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated rice husk silica. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:85-95. [PMID: 38064041 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain sufficient information on the thermal stabilization of a food-grade lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) using the immobilization technique. To do this, a new non-porous support was prepared via the sequential extraction of SiO2 from rice husks, followed by functionalization with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane - 3-APTES (Amino-SiO2), and activation with glutaraldehyde - GA (GA-Amino-SiO2). We evaluated the influence of GA concentration, which varied from 0.25% v v-1 to 4% v v-1, on the immobilization parameters and enzyme thermal stabilization. The thermal inactivation parameters for both biocatalyst forms (soluble or immobilized TLL) were calculated by fitting a non-first-order enzyme inactivation kinetic model to the experimental data. According to the results, TLL was fully immobilized on the external support surface activated with different GA concentrations using an initial protein load of 5 mg g-1. A sharp decrease of hydrolytic activity was observed from 216.6 ± 12.4 U g-1 to 28.6 ± 0.9 U g-1 of after increasing the GA concentration from 0.25% v v-1 to 4.0% v v-1. The support that was prepared using a GA concentration at 0.5% v v-1 provided the highest stabilization of TLL - 31.6-times more stable than its soluble form at 60 °C. The estimations of the thermodynamic parameters, e.g., inactivation energy (Ed), enthalpy (ΔH#), entropy (ΔS#), and the Gibbs energy (ΔG#) values, confirmed the enzyme stabilization on the external support surface at temperatures ranging from 50 to 65 °C. These results show promising applications for this new heterogeneous biocatalyst in industrial processes given the high catalytic activity and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara C A Bolina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adriano A Mendes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.
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28
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Campu A, Muresan I, Potara M, Lazar DR, Lazar FL, Cainap S, Olinic DM, Maniu D, Astilean S, Focsan M. Portable microfluidic plasmonic chip for fast real-time cardiac troponin I biomarker thermoplasmonic detection. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:962-972. [PMID: 38044663 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the most serious cardiovascular pathologies, impacting patients' long-term outcomes and health systems worldwide. Significant effort is directed toward the development of biosensing technologies, which are able to efficiently and accurately detect an early rise of cardiac troponin levels, the gold standard in detecting myocardial injury. In this context, this work aims to develop a microfluidic plasmonic chip for the fast and accurate real-time detection of the cardiac troponin I biomarker (cTnI) via three complementary detection techniques using portable equipment. Furthermore, the study focuses on providing a better understanding of the thermoplasmonic biosensing mechanism taking advantage of the intrinsic photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles. Specifically, a plasmonic nanoplatform based on immobilized gold nanobipyramids was fabricated, exhibiting optical and thermoplasmonic properties that promote, based on a sandwich-like immunoassay, the "proof-of-concept" multimodal detection of cTnI via localized surface plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and thermoplasmonic effects under simulated conditions. Furthermore, after the integration of the plasmonic nanoplatform in a microfluidic channel, the determination of cTnI in 16 real plasma samples was successfully realized via thermoplasmonic detection. The results are compared with a conventional high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent clinical assay (ELISA), showing high sensitivity (75%) and specificity (100%) as well as fast response features (5 minutes). Thus, the proposed portable and miniaturized microfluidic plasmonic chip is successfully validated for clinical applications and transferred to clinical settings for the early diagnosis of cardiac diseases, leading towards the progress of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ilinca Muresan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Monica Potara
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Raluca Lazar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Clinic No. 2, Emergency County Hospital for Children, Crisan No. 3 - 5, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacology "Iuliu Hatieganu", Republicii No. 34 - 36, 400171 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin-Leontin Lazar
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Medical Clinic No. 1, Emergency County Hospital, Clinicilor No. 3 - 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Cainap
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Clinic No. 2, Emergency County Hospital for Children, Crisan No. 3 - 5, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Mother & Child, University of Medicine and Pharmacology "Iuliu Hatieganu", Louis Pasteur No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Mircea Olinic
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Medical Clinic No. 1, Emergency County Hospital, Clinicilor No. 3 - 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cardiology Discipline, University of Medicine and Pharmacology "Iuliu Hatieganu", Louis Pasteur No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Maniu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Mihail Kogalniceanu No. 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Mihail Kogalniceanu No. 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Mihail Kogalniceanu No. 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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29
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Matthew SL, Seib FP. Silk Bioconjugates: From Chemistry and Concept to Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:12-28. [PMID: 36706352 PMCID: PMC10777352 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Medical silks have captured global interest. While silk sutures have a long track record in humans, silk bioconjugates are still in preclinical development. This perspective examines key advances in silk bioconjugation, including the fabrication of silk-protein conjugates, bioconjugated silk particles, and bioconjugated substrates to enhance cell-material interactions in two and three dimensions. Many of these systems rely on chemical modification of the silk biopolymer, often using carbodiimide and reactive ester chemistries. However, recent progress in enzyme-mediated and click chemistries has expanded the molecular toolbox to enable biorthogonal, site-specific conjugation in a single step when combined with recombinant silk fibroin tagged with noncanonical amino acids. This perspective outlines key strategies available for chemical modification, compares the resulting silk conjugates to clinical benchmarks, and outlines open questions and areas that require more work. Overall, this assessment highlights a domain of new sunrise capabilities and development opportunities for silk bioconjugates that may ultimately offer new ways of delivering improved healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saphia
A. L. Matthew
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - F. Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
- Branch
Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular
Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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30
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Bouguerra OM, Wahab RA, Huyop F, Al-Fakih AM, Mahmood WMAW, Mahat NA, Sabullah MK. An Overview of Crosslinked Enzyme Aggregates: Concept of Development and Trends of Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04809-y. [PMID: 38180645 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes are commonly used as biocatalysts for various biological and chemical processes in industrial applications. However, their limited operational stability, catalytic efficiency, poor reusability, and high-cost hamper further industrial usage. Thus, crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) are developed as a better enzyme immobilization tool to extend the enzymes' operational stability. This immobilization method is appealing because it is simpler due to the absence of ballast and permits the collective use of crude enzyme cocktails. CLEAs, so far, have been successfully developed using a variety of enzymes, viz., hydrolases, proteases, amidases, lipases, esterases, and oxidoreductase. Recent years have seen the emergence of novel strategies for preparing better CLEAs, which include the combi- and multi-CLEAs, magnetics CLEAs, and porous CLEAs for various industrial applications, viz., laundry detergents, organic synthesis, food industries, pharmaceutical applications, oils, and biodiesel production. To better understand the different strategies for CLEAs' development, this review explores these strategies and highlights the relevant concerns in designing innovative CLEAs. This article also details the challenges faced during CLEAs preparation and solutions for overcoming them. Finally, the trending strategies to improve the preparation of CLEAs alongside their industrial application trends are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Maroua Bouguerra
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Fahrul Huyop
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdo Mohammed Al-Fakih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhd Asyraf Wan Mahmood
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Dengkil Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, 43800, Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khalizan Sabullah
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Abd Rahman NH, Rahman RA, Rahmat Z, Jaafar NR, Puspaningsih NNT, Illias RM. Innovative biocatalyst synthesis of pectinolytic enzymes by cross-linking strategy: Potentially immobilised pectinases for the production of pectic-oligosaccharides from pectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128260. [PMID: 38000618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are outstanding multienzymes, which have the potential to produce new emerging pectic-oligosaccharides (POS) via enzymatic hydrolysis of pectin. However, free pectinase is unable to undergo repeated reaction for the production of POS. This study proposed a sustainable biocatalyst of pectinases known as cross-linked pectinase aggregates (CLPA). Pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus was successfully precipitated using 2 mg/mL pectinase and 60 % acetone for 20 min at 20 °C, which remained 36.3 % of its initial activity. The prepared CLPA showed the highest activity recovery (85.0 %), under the optimised conditions (0.3 % (v/v) starch and glutaraldehyde mixture (St/Ga), 1.5: 1 of St/Ga, 25 °C, 1.5 h). Furthermore, pectin-degrading enzymes from various sources were used to produce different CLPA. The alteration of pectinase secondary structure gave high stability in acidic condition (pH 4), thermostability, deactivation energy and half-life, and improved storage stability at 4 °C for 30 days. Similarly to their free counterpart, the CLPA exhibited comparable enzymatic reaction kinetics and could be reused eight times with approximately 20 % of its initial activity. The developed CLPA does not only efficaciously produced POS from pectin as their free form, but also exhibited better operational stability and reusability, making it more suitable for POS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hidayah Abd Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roshanida A Rahman
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaidah Rahmat
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nardiah Rizwana Jaafar
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
- Laboratory of Proteomics, University-CoE Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C-UNAIR, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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32
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Nath PC, Sharma R, Debnath S, Sharma M, Inbaraj BS, Dikkala PK, Nayak PK, Sridhar K. Recent trends in polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers for smart food packaging industry. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127524. [PMID: 37865365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Artificial packaging materials, such as plastic, can cause significant environmental problems. Thus, the use of polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers (cellulose, starch, and alginate) has the potential in the field of environmental sustainability, reprocessing, or protection of the environment. Morphological and structural alterations caused by material degradation have a substantial impact on polymer material characteristics. To avoid degradation during storage, it is critical to evaluate and comprehend the structure, characteristics, and behavior of modern bio-based materials for potential food packaging applications. Hence, this review focused on the various types of polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymers (cellulose, starch, and alginate), their properties, and their commercial potential for food packaging applications. In addition, we overviewed the recent development of polysaccharide-based biodegradable polymer (cellulose, starch, and alginate) packaging for food products. The review concluded that the membrane and chromatographics are widely used in production of cellulose, starch, and alginate-based biodegradable polymers. Also, nanotechnology-based food packaging is widely used to improve the properties of cellulose, starch, and alginate biodegradable polymers and the incorporation of active agents to enhance the shelf life of food products. Overall, the review highlighted the potential of cellulose, starch, and alginate biodegradable polymers in the food packaging industry and the need for potential research and development to improve their properties and commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Chandra Nath
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Shubhankar Debnath
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Dikkala
- College of Food Science and Technology, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Pulivendula 516390, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India.
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India.
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Li J, Yan F, Huang B, Zhang M, Wu X, Liu Y, Ruan R, Zheng H. Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Enzymatic Properties of Alginate Lyase Immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04824-z. [PMID: 38158490 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of alginate into alginate oligoalginates. To enhance enzyme stability and recovery, a facile strategy for alginate lyase immobilization was developed. Novel magnetic chitosan microspheres were synthesized and used as carriers to immobilize alginate lyase. The immobilization of alginate lyase on magnetic chitosan microspheres was successful, as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra. Enzyme immobilization exhibited the best performance at an MCM dosage of 1.5 g/L, adsorption time of 2.0 h, glutaraldehyde concentration of 0.2%, and immobilization time of 2.0 h. The optimal pH of the free alginate lyase was 7.5, and this pH value was shifted to 8.0 after immobilization. No difference was observed at the optimal temperature (45 °C) for the immobilized and free enzymes. The immobilized alginate lyase displayed better thermal stability than the free alginate lyase. The Km values of the free and immobilized enzymes were 0.05 mol/L and 0.09 mol/L, respectively. The immobilized alginate lyase retained 72% of its original activity after 10 batch reactions. This strategy was found to be a promising method for immobilizing alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hongli Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China.
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Behshad Y, Pazhang M, Najavand S, Sabzi M. Enhancing Enzyme Stability and Functionality: Covalent Immobilization of Trypsin on Magnetic Gum Arabic Modified Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04830-1. [PMID: 38153653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate gum Arabic (GA)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles bearing numerous active aldehyde groups on their surface, followed by an assessment of their capability as a magnetic support for the covalent immobilization of the trypsin enzyme for the first time. FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM results demonstrated the successful synthesis of GA-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, along with the covalent immobilization of the enzyme onto the support. Immobilization enhanced the relative enzymatic activity across a range of aqueous solution pH levels (ranging from 4 to 11) and temperatures (ranging from 20 to 80 °C) without altering the optimum pH and temperature for trypsin activity. Kinetic studies using Michaelis-Menten plots revealed changes in kinetic parameters, including a lower Vmax and higher Km for immobilized trypsin compared to the free enzyme. The immobilization onto magnetic gum Arabic nanoparticles resulted in an improved stability of trypsin in the presence of various solvents, maintaining a stability order comparable to that of the free enzyme due to the stabilizing effect of the support. The reusability results showed that the immobilized enzyme can retain over 93% of its activity for up to 15 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Behshad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Najavand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran.
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35
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Varotsou C, Ataya F, Papageorgiou AC, Labrou NE. Structural Studies of Klebsiella pneumoniae Fosfomycin-Resistance Protein and Its Application for the Development of an Optical Biosensor for Fosfomycin Determination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:85. [PMID: 38203259 PMCID: PMC10779102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fosfomycin-resistance proteins (FosAs) are dimeric metal-dependent glutathione transferases that conjugate the antibiotic fosfomycin (Fos) to the tripeptide glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH), rendering it inactive. In the present study, we reported a comparative analysis of the functional features of two FosAs from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (FosAPA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (FosAKP). The coding sequences of the enzymes were cloned into a T7 expression vector, and soluble active enzymes were expressed in E. coli. FosAKP displayed higher activity and was selected for further studies. The crystal structure of the dimeric FosAKP was determined via X-ray crystallography at 1.48 Å resolution. Fos and tartrate (Tar) were found bound in the active site of the first and second molecules of the dimer, respectively. The binding of Tar to the active site caused slight rearrangements in the structure and dynamics of the enzyme, acting as a weak inhibitor of Fos binding. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) was used to measure the thermal stability of FosAKP under different conditions, allowing for the selection of a suitable buffer to maximize enzyme operational stability. FosAKP displays absolute specificity towards Fos; therefore, this enzyme was exploited for the development of an enzyme-based colorimetric biosensor. FosAKP was tethered at the bottom of a plastic cuvette using glutaraldehyde chemistry to develop a simple colorimetric method for the determination of Fos in drinking water and animal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Varotsou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Farid Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
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Gupta R, Wang Y, Darwish GH, Poisson J, Szwarczewski A, Kim S, Traaseth C, Hudson ZM, Algar WR. Semiconducting Polymer Dots Directly Stabilized with Serum Albumin: Preparation, Characterization, and Cellular Immunolabeling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55456-55465. [PMID: 37983537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) are brightly fluorescent nanoparticles of growing interest for bioanalysis and imaging. A recurring challenge with these materials is obtaining robust physical and colloidal stability and low nonspecific binding. Here, we prepared and characterized Pdots with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the stabilizing agent (BSA-Pdots) instead of a more conventionally used amphiphilic polymer, both without and with cross-linking of the protein using glutaraldehyde (BSA(GA)-Pdots) or disuccinimidyl glutarate. Characterization included fluorescence properties; colloidal stability as a function of pH, ionic strength, and solvent perturbation; shape retention and hardness; and nonspecific binding with common assay substrates, fixed cells, and live cells. These properties were contrasted with the same properties for amphiphilic polymer-stabilized Pdots and silica-coated Pdots. On balance, the BSA-stabilized Pdots were similar or more favorable in their properties, with BSA(GA)-Pdots being especially advantageous. Bioconjugation of the BSA-stabilized Pdots was possible using amine-reactive active-ester chemistry, including biotinylation and bioorthogonal functionalization for immunoconjugation via tetrazine-strained-alkene click chemistry. These approaches were used for selective fluorescent labeling of cells based on ligand-receptor and antibody-antigen binding, respectively. Overall, direct BSA stabilization is a very promising strategy for preparing Pdots with improved physical and colloidal stability, reduced nonspecific interactions, and utility for in vitro diagnostics and other bioanalyses and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Agnes Szwarczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Subin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christine Traaseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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37
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Standke HG, Kim L, Owens CP. Purification and Biochemical Characterization of the DNA Binding Domain of the Nitrogenase Transcriptional Activator NifA from Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Protein J 2023; 42:802-810. [PMID: 37787923 PMCID: PMC10590331 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
NifA is a σ54 activator that turns on bacterial nitrogen fixation under reducing conditions and when fixed cellular nitrogen levels are low. The redox sensing mechanism in NifA is poorly understood. In α- and β-proteobacteria, redox sensing involves two pairs of Cys residues within and immediately following the protein's central AAA+ domain. In this work, we examine if an additional Cys pair that is part of a C(X)5 C motif and located immediately upstream of the DNA binding domain of NifA from the α-proteobacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd) is involved in redox sensing. We hypothesize that the Cys residues' redox state may directly influence the DNA binding domain's DNA binding affinity and/or alter the protein's oligomeric sate. Two DNA binding domain constructs were generated, a longer construct (2C-DBD), consisting of the DNA binding domain with the upstream Cys pair, and a shorter construct (NC-DBD) that lacks the Cys pair. The Kd of NC-DBD for its cognate DNA sequence (nifH-UAS) is equal to 20.0 µM. The Kd of 2C-DBD for nifH-UAS when the Cys pair is oxidized is 34.5 µM. Reduction of the disulfide bond does not change the DNA binding affinity. Additional experiments indicate that the redox state of the Cys residues does not influence the secondary structure or oligomerization state of the NifA DNA binding domain. Together, these results demonstrate that the Cys pair upstream of the DNA binding domain of Gd-NifA does not regulate DNA binding or domain dimerization in a redox dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi G Standke
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Lois Kim
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Cedric P Owens
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.
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Patra S, Basak P, Das P, Paul S. A novel observation: effect of anionic gelatin nanoparticle on stromal cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2483-2497. [PMID: 37768865 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2265129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible nanoparticles are very popular in health science research. Biomolecule carriers for wound healing and tissue engineering are two main applications among many others. In many instances, these structures come in direct vicinity of cells and govern cell behaviour and responses. In this study, gelatin nano/submicron structures were synthesized by binary nonsolvent aided coacervation (BNAC) method at pH ranging from 3 to 11 with an intention to employ in skin tissue regeneration. Effect of pH over morphology and the surface composition with respect to its ionic composition were studied. Further, the initial toxicity was assessed against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). pH 7 was found to be the optimum for synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) with minimum particle size. Positive cell viability of 103.14% for GNPs synthesized at pH 7 was observed. It may be due to the minimum difference between cumulative negative and positive charge (CNCP) ratio of 1.19. Finally, effect of the gelatin nanoparticles over L929 mouse fibroblast cells was assessed through MTT assay. It has resulted in 122.77% cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamayita Patra
- Shri Vaishnav Institute of Textile Technology, SVVV, Indore, MP, India
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Pratik Das
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Samrat Paul
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Tartari APS, Peczek SH, Fin MT, Ziebarth J, Machado CS, Mainardes RM. Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Enhanced the Intranasal Bioavailability of Silybin in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2648. [PMID: 38139990 PMCID: PMC10747608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybin (SLB), an important flavonoid from silymarin, displays significant hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by its low solubility and bioavailability. To address these challenges, we engineered bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NP) loaded with SLB (BSA-NP/SLB) using the coacervation method. BSA-SLB NP exhibited a spherical shape, a mean size of 197 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.275, a zeta potential of -34 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 67%. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated amorphization of SLB upon encapsulation. Formulation stability was upheld over 180 days. In vitro release assays demonstrated controlled diffusion-erosion release, with approximately 40% SLB released within 0.5 h and 100% over 12 h. Intranasal administration of BSA-NP/SLB in rats improved SLB bioavailability by fourfold compared to free SLB. These findings highlight the promising potential of intranasally administered BSA-NP/SLB as an alternative approach to enhance SLB bioavailability, paving the way for innovative therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos Tartari
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Formulations, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Samila Horst Peczek
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Formulations, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Margani Taise Fin
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Formulations, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Ziebarth
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Formulations, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Christiane Schineider Machado
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Formulations, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Formulations, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St., 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil
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40
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Montua N, Sewald N. Extended Biocatalytic Halogenation Cascades Involving a Single-Polypeptide Regeneration System for Diffusible FADH 2. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300478. [PMID: 37549375 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent halogenases have attracted increasing interest for aryl halogenation at unactivated C-H positions because they are characterised by high regioselectivity, while requiring only FADH2 , halide salts, and O2 . Their use in combined crosslinked enzyme aggregates (combiCLEAs) together with an NADH-dependent flavin reductase and an NADH-regeneration system for the preparative halogenation of tryptophan and indole derivatives has been previously described. However, multiple cultivations and protein purification steps are necessary for their production. We present a bifunctional regeneration enzyme for two-step catalytic flavin regeneration using phosphite as an inexpensive sacrificial substrate. This fusion protein proved amenable to co-expression with various flavin-dependent Trp-halogenases and enables carrier-free immobilisation as combiCLEAs from a single cultivation for protein production and the preparative synthesis of halotryptophan. The scalability of this system was demonstrated by fed-batch fermentation in bench-top bioreactors on a 2.5 L scale. Furthermore, the inclusion of a 6-halotryptophan-specific dioxygenase into the co-expression strain further converts the halogenation product to the kynurenine derivative. This reaction cascade enables the one-pot synthesis of l-4-Cl-kynurenine and its brominated analogue on a preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Montua
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Hester S, B Ferenz K, Adick A, Kakalias C, Mulac D, Azhdari S, Langer K. Triglyceride-filled albumin-based nanocapsules: A promising new system to avoid discarding poorly water-soluble drug candidates. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123454. [PMID: 37776966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Even though current drug discovery provides a variety of potential drug candidates, many of those substances are difficult to formulate due to their poor water-solubility. To overcome this obstacle a technological formulation is crucial. Albumin-based nanocarriers are a possible intravenous delivery system which is already approved and commercially available. However, no universal carrier for poorly water-soluble substances is found yet. In the present study, new preparation processes for nanocapsules consisting of a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) core and a human serum albumin (HSA) shell were developed. The nanocarrier system exhibits desirable physicochemical properties with a hydrodynamic diameter of 150 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.1. Furthermore, the nanocapsules were stable towards the addition of electrolytes and also in basic to neutral pH range. The nanocapsules were storage stable for at least 7 months at 4 °C and could also be lyophilized to reach an even longer shelf life of at least 21 months. In addition, the nanocapsule system showed no cytotoxicity in cell culture. The developed system represents a suitable carrier for a variety of different poorly water-soluble drug substances (e.g., fenofibrate, naproxen, indomethacin) showing a high potential for a universal formulation platform for further lipophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hester
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Katja B Ferenz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Annika Adick
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Christos Kakalias
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Najafi A, Keykhaee M, Kazemi MH, Karimi MY, Khorramdelazad H, Aghamohamadi N, Bolouri MR, Ghaffari-Nazari H, Mirsharif ES, Karimi M, Dehghan Manshadi HR, Mahdavi SR, Safari E, Jalali SA, Falak R, Khoobi M. Catalase-gold nanoaggregates manipulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance the effect of low-dose radiation therapy by reducing hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115557. [PMID: 37757491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy as a standard method for cancer treatment faces tumor recurrence and antitumoral unresponsiveness. Suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and hypoxia are significant challenges affecting efficacy of radiotherapy. Herein, a versatile method is introduced for the preparation of pH-sensitive catalase-gold cross-linked nanoaggregate (Au@CAT) having acceptable stability and selective activity in tumor microenvironment. Combining Au@CAT with low-dose radiotherapy enhanced radiotherapy effects via polarizing protumoral immune cells to the antitumoral landscape. This therapeutic approach also attenuated hypoxia, confirmed by downregulating hypoxia hallmarks, such as hypoxia-inducible factor α-subunits (HIF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and EGF. Catalase stability against protease digestion was improved significantly in Au@CAT compared to the free catalase. Moreover, minimal toxicity of Au@CAT on normal cells and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) were confirmed in vitro compared with radiotherapy. Using the nanoaggregates combined with radiotherapy led to a significant reduction of immunosuppressive infiltrating cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (T-regs) compared to the other groups. While, this combined therapy could significantly increase the frequency of CD8+ cells as well as M1 to M2 macrophages (MQs) ratio. The combination therapy also reduced the tumor size and increased survival rate in mice models of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our results indicate that this innovative nanocomposite could be an excellent system for catalase delivery, manipulating the TME and providing a potential therapeutic strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keykhaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Bolouri
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghaffari-Nazari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Milad Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center& Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Safari
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gong SQ, Tang L, Liu Z, Wang XY, Mao J, Li S, Liu Y. NDGA enhances the physicochemical and anti-biodegradation performance of dentin collagen. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3525-3539. [PMID: 36437605 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Collagen fibrils from carious dentin matrix are prone to enzymatic degradation. This study investigates the feasibility and mechanism of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), as a collagen crosslinker, to bio-modify the demineralized dentin matrix. METHODS The physicochemical properties of the crosslinked dentin matrix were characterized by swelling ratio, ninhydrin assay, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The collagenase degradation resistance was evaluated by measuring loss of dry mass, hydroproline release, loss of elasticity, and micro-nano structure integrity. The cytotoxicity of NDGA-crosslinked dentin collagen was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS NDGA crosslinked dentin matrix without destroying the integrity of collagen. Mechanistically, NDGA formed bisquinone bond between two adjacent o-quinone groups, resulting in NDGA polymeric matrix in which collagen fibrils were embedded. NDGA modification could significantly enhance the stiffness of dentin matrix at macro-nano scale. The NDGA-crosslinked dentin matrix exhibited remarkably low collagen degradation and sustained bulk elasticity after collagenase challenge, which were attributed to decreased water content, physical masking of collagenase bind sites on collagen, and improved stiffness of collagen fibrils. Notably, NDGA-crosslinked dentin matrix exhibited excellent biocompatibility. CONCLUSION NDGA, as a biocompatible collagen crosslinker, improves the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized dentin matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Gong
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration & Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Prothodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration & Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Yao Wang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration & Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration & Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Rouhani M, Valizadeh V, Bakhshandeh H, Hosseinzadeh SA, Molasalehi S, Atyabi SM, Norouzian D. Improved anti-biofilm activity and long-lasting effects of novel serratiopeptidase immobilized on cellulose nanofibers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6487-6496. [PMID: 37672071 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, enzymatic treatment is a progressive field in combating biofilm producing pathogens. In this regard, serratiopeptidase, a medicinally important metalloprotease, has been recently highlighted as an enzyme with proved anti-biofilm activity. In the present study, in order to increase the long-lasting effects of the enzyme, serratiopeptidase and the novel engineered forms with enhanced anti-biofilm activity were immobilized on the surface of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as a natural polymer with eminent properties. For this, recombinant serratiopeptidases including the native and previously designed enzymes were produced, purified and conjugated to the CNF by chemical and physical methods. Immobilization was confirmed using different scanning and microscopic methods. The enzyme activity was assessed using casein hydrolysis test. Enzyme release analysis was performed using dialysis tube method. Anti-biofilm activity of free and immobilized enzymes has been examined on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Finally, cytotoxicity of enzyme-conjugated CNFs was performed by MTT assay. The casein hydrolysis results confirmed fixation of all recombinant enzymes on CNFs by chemical method; however, inadequate fixation of these enzymes was found using cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). The AFM, FTIR, and SEM analysis confirmed appropriate conjugation of enzymes on the surface of CNFs. Immobilization of enzymes on CNFs improved the anti-biofilm activity of serratiopeptidase enzymes. Interestingly, the novel engineered serratiopeptidase (T344 [8-339ss]) exhibited the highest anti-biofilm activity in both conjugated and non-conjugated forms. In conclusion, incorporation of serratiopeptidases into CNFs improves their anti-biofilm activities without baring any cytotoxicity. KEY POINTS: • Enzymes were successfully immobilized on cellulose nanofibers using chemical method. • Immobilization of enzymes on CNFs improved their anti-biofilm activity. • T344 [8-339ss] exhibited the highest anti-biofilm activity in both conjugated and non-conjugated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rouhani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Valizadeh
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Haleh Bakhshandeh
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- QC Department, Osve Pharmaceutical Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Molasalehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Atyabi
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Santos MPF, Ferreira MA, Junior ECS, Bonomo RCF, Veloso CM. Functionalized activated carbon as support for trypsin immobilization and its application in casein hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1651-1664. [PMID: 37728765 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to immobilize trypsin on activated carbon submitted to different surface modifications and its application in casein hydrolysis. With the aim of determining which support can promote better maintenance of the immobilized enzyme. Results showed that pH 5.0 was obtained as optimal for immobilization and pH 9.0 for the casein hydrolysis reaction for activated carbon and glutaraldehyde functionalized carbon. Among the supports used, activated carbon modified with iron ions in the presence of a chelating agent was the one that showed best results, under the conditions evaluated in this study. Presenting an immobilization yield of 95.15% and a hydrolytic activity of 4.11 U, same as soluble enzyme (3.76 U). This derivative kept its activity stable at temperatures above 40 °C for1 h and when stored for 30 days at 5 °C. Furthermore, it was effective for more than 6 reuse cycles (under the same conditions as the 1st cycle). In general, immobilization of trypsin on metallized activated carbon can be an alternative to biocatalysis, highlighting the advantages of protease immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus P F Santos
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Agronomy, State University of Southwest Bahia, Estrada Bem Querer, km-04 s/n, Vitória da Conquista, BA, 45083-900, Brazil
| | - Evaldo C S Junior
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Renata C F Bonomo
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Veloso
- Process Engineering Laboratory, State University of Southwest Bahia, BR 415, km 04, s/n, Itapetinga, BA, 45700-000, Brazil.
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Steitz M, Zouhair S, Khan MB, Breitenstein-Attach A, Fritsch K, Tuladhar SR, Wulsten D, Wolkers WF, Sun X, Hao Y, Emeis J, Lange HE, Berger F, Schmitt B. A Glutaraldehyde-Free Crosslinking Method for the Treatment of Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Clinical Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1247. [PMID: 38002371 PMCID: PMC10669889 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological bioprostheses such as grafts, patches, and heart valves are often derived from biological tissue like the pericardium. These bioprostheses can be of xenogenic, allogeneic, or autologous origin. Irrespective of their origin, all types are pre-treated via crosslinking to render the tissue non-antigenic and mechanically strong or to minimize degradation. The most widely used crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde. However, glutaraldehyde-treated tissue is prone to calcification, inflammatory degradation, and mechanical injury, and it is incapable of matrix regeneration, leading to structural degeneration over time. In this work, we are investigating an alternative crosslinking method for an intraoperative application. The treated tissue's crosslinking degree was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. To confirm the findings, a collagenase assay was conducted. Uniaxial tensile testing was used to assess the tissue's mechanical properties. To support the findings, the treated tissue was visualized using two-photon microscopy. Additionally, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the overall protein secondary structure. Finally, a crosslinking procedure was identified for intraoperative processing. The samples showed a significant increase in thermal and enzymatic stability after treatment compared to the control, with a difference of up to 22.2 °C and 100%, respectively. Also, the tissue showed similar biomechanics to glutaraldehyde-treated tissue, showing greater extensibility, a higher failure strain, and a lower ultimate tensile strength than the control. The significant difference in the structure band ratio after treatment is proof of the introduction of additional crosslinks compared to the untreated control with regard to differences in the amide-I region. The microscopic images support these findings, showing an alteration of the fiber orientation after treatment. For collagen-based biomaterials, such as pericardial tissue, the novel phenolic crosslinking agent proved to be an equivalent alternative to glutaraldehyde regarding tissue characteristics. Although long-term studies must be performed to investigate superiority in terms of longevity and calcification, our novel crosslinking agent can be applied in concentrations of 1.5% or 2.0% for the treatment of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steitz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabra Zouhair
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahamuda Badhon Khan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Breitenstein-Attach
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Fritsch
- Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sugat Ratna Tuladhar
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius Wolff Institute—Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Regeneration, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Willem-Frederik Wolkers
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yimeng Hao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasper Emeis
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-E. Lange
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
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Bonetti L, De Nardo L, Farè S. Crosslinking strategies in modulating methylcellulose hydrogel properties. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7869-7884. [PMID: 37817578 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels are ideal materials for the design of thermo-responsive platforms capable of exploiting the environment temperature as a driving force to activate their smart transition. However, MC hydrogels usually show reduced stability in an aqueous environment and low mechanical properties, limiting their applications' breadth. A possible approach intended to overcome these limitations is chemical crosslinking, which represents a simple yet effective strategy to modify the MC hydrogels' properties (e.g., physicochemical, mechanical, and biological). In this regard, understanding the selected crosslinking method's role in modulating the MC hydrogels' properties is a key factor in their design. This review offers a perspective on the main MC chemical crosslinking approaches reported in the literature. Three main categories can be distinguished: (i) small molecule crosslinkers, (ii) crosslinking by high-energy radiation, and (iii) crosslinking via MC chemical modification. The advantages and limitations of each approach are elucidated, and special consideration is paid to the thermo-responsive properties after crosslinking towards the development of MC hydrogels with enhanced physical stability and mechanical performance, preserving the thermo-responsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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48
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Chen M, Kálai T, Cascio D, Bridges MD, Whitelegge JP, Elgeti M, Hubbell WL. A Highly Ordered Nitroxide Side Chain for Distance Mapping and Monitoring Slow Structural Fluctuations in Proteins. APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2023; 55:251-277. [PMID: 38357006 PMCID: PMC10861403 DOI: 10.1007/s00723-023-01618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) is an established tool for exploring protein structure and dynamics. Although nitroxide side chains attached to a single cysteine via a disulfide linkage are commonly employed in SDSL-EPR, their internal flexibility complicates applications to monitor slow internal motions in proteins and to structure determination by distance mapping. Moreover, the labile disulfide linkage prohibits the use of reducing agents often needed for protein stability. To enable the application of SDSL-EPR to the measurement of slow internal dynamics, new spin labels with hindered internal motion are desired. Here, we introduce a highly ordered nitroxide side chain, designated R9, attached at a single cysteine residue via a non-reducible thioether linkage. The reaction to introduce R9 is highly selective for solvent-exposed cysteine residues. Structures of R9 at two helical sites in T4 Lysozyme were determined by X-ray crystallography and the mobility in helical sequences was characterized by EPR spectral lineshape analysis, Saturation Transfer EPR, and Saturation Recovery EPR. In addition, interspin distance measurements between pairs of R9 residues are reported. Collectively, all data indicate that R9 will be useful for monitoring slow internal structural fluctuations, and applications to distance mapping via dipolar spectroscopy and relaxation enhancement methods are anticipated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00723-023-01618-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Chen
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Tamás Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti St. 12, Pecs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Michael D. Bridges
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Matthias Elgeti
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Present Address: Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Center, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wayne L. Hubbell
- Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Huang L, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhang W, Luo Q, Chen S, Wang S, Weng F, Xiao L. Supramolecular Responsive Chitosan Microcarriers for Cell Detachment Triggered by Adamantane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4024. [PMID: 37836073 PMCID: PMC10574836 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular responsive microcarriers based on chitosan microspheres were prepared and applied for nonenzymatic cell detachment. Briefly, chitosan microspheres (CSMs) were first prepared by an emulsion crosslinking approach, the surface of which was then modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by chemical grafting. Subsequently, gelatin was attached onto the surface of the CSMs via the host-guest interaction between β-CD groups and aromatic residues in gelatin. The resultant microspheres were denoted CSM-g-CD-Gel. Due to their superior biocompatibility and gelatin niches, CSM-g-CD-Gel microspheres can be used as effective microcarriers for cell attachment and expansion. L-02, a human fetal hepatocyte line, was used to evaluate cell attachment and expansion with these microcarriers. After incubation for 48 h, the cells attached and expanded to cover the entire surface of microcarriers. Moreover, with the addition of adamantane (AD), cells can be detached from the microcarriers together with gelatin because of the competitive binding between β-CD and AD. Overall, these supramolecular responsive microcarriers could effectively support cell expansion and achieve nonenzymatic cell detachment and may be potentially reusable with a new cycle of gelatin attachment and detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Xinying Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiuchen Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Fangqing Weng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Active Ingredients, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China; (L.H.); (Y.J.); (S.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.)
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50
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Esparza-Flores EE, Cardoso FD, Siquiera LB, Santagapita PR, Hertz PF, Rodrigues RC. Genipin crosslinked porous chitosan beads as robust supports for β-galactosidase immobilization: Characterization, stability, and bioprocessing potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126234. [PMID: 37567531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to modify the porosity of chitosan beads using Na2CO3 as a porogen agent and to crosslink them with genipin for the immobilization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Immobilization was performed under four different pH conditions (4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0), resulting in biocatalysts named B4, B6, B7, and B9, respectively. The immobilized enzymes were characterized for immobilization parameters and stability, including thermal, pH, storage, and operational stability. The optimal conditions for the support were determined as 50 mM Na2CO3. The biocatalyst exhibited nearly 100 % retention of initial activity after 5 h of incubation at different pH conditions and showed improved thermal stability compared to the free enzyme across all pH conditions. After 50 cycles of lactose hydrolysis, all biocatalysts retained at least 71 % of their initial activity, with B6 retaining nearly 100 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural modifications, particularly in B4, leading to weakened support structure after reuse. Continuous lactose hydrolysis showed increased productivity from 41.3 to 48.1 g L-1 h-1 for B6, with 78.1 % retention of initial capacity. All biocatalysts retained >95 % activity when stored at 4 °C for 20 weeks, highlighting their suitability for enzyme immobilization in continuous and discontinuous bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elí Emanuel Esparza-Flores
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dias Cardoso
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larisa Bertoldo Siquiera
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patricio R Santagapita
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica & CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Plinho F Hertz
- Enzymology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave, P. O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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