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Nabil I, Eid AA, Yassin HA, Abouelrous RA, Solaiman AA. Protective role of hesperidin in finasteride-induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats: Insights into oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ultrastructure of seminiferous tubules. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108535. [PMID: 38216069 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
A negative impact of finasteride on fertility has been reported, in which over production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were implicated. Hesperidin, a plant-derived bioflavonoid with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, may mitigate these adverse effects. In order to investigate the possible protective role of hesperidin against finasteride-induced seminiferous tubules toxicity in adult male Wistar rats, 60 rats were randomized into five groups (I-V) receiving distilled water, 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, hesperidin, finasteride, and combined hesperidin and finasteride respectively. Testicular weight, sperm count and motility were determined. Testicular tissue homogenates were prepared to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the gene expression of caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). Testes were processed for light and electron microscopic evaluation. Johnsen score was calculated. Administration of finasteride resulted in significantly decreased testicular weights, sperm count and motility, Johnsen score, tissue levels of TAC and GSH together with significant increase in tissue MDA. Gene expression revealed significantly increased caspase-3 and decreased Bcl2. Furthermore, finasteride disrupted the seminiferous tubules, causing degenerative changes affecting Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. Co-administration of hesperidin with finasteride resulted in improvement in testicular weights, TAC, GSH, Bcl2, Johnsen score, sperm count and motility as well as preservation of the structure of the seminiferous tubules. To conclude, hesperidin was found to have a protective potential on finasteride-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and testicular structural damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Nabil
- Department of Histology & Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Abulfotooh Eid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hend A Yassin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana Ahmed Abouelrous
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany A Solaiman
- Department of Histology & Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Santana FDFV, Lozi AA, Gonçalves RV, Da Silva J, Da Matta SLP. Comparative effects of finasteride and minoxidil on the male reproductive organs: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo evidence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 478:116710. [PMID: 37805090 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Finasteride and minoxidil are medicaments commonly prescribed for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPA), hypertension, and/or androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The mechanism of action of finasteride is based on the interference in androgenic pathways, which may lead to fertility-related disorders in men. Minoxidil, however, can act in multiple ways, and there is no consensus that its use can adversely affect male fertility. Since finasteride and minoxidil could be risk factors for male fertility, we aimed to compare their impact on the two reproductive organs testis and epididymis of adult murine models, besides testis/epididymis-related cells, and describe the mechanism of action involved. For such, we used the PRISMA guideline. We included 31 original studies from a structured search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. For in vivo studies, the bias analysis and the quality of the studies were assessed as described by SYRCLE (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation). We concluded that finasteride and minoxidil act as hormone disruptors, causing oxidative stress and morphological changes mainly in the testis. Our results also revealed that finasteride treatment could be more harmful to male reproductive health because it was more associated with reproductive injuries, including damage to the epididymis, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and reduced semen volume. Thus, this study contributes to the global understanding of the mechanisms by which medicaments used for alopecia might lead to male reproductive disorders. We hope that our critical analysis expedites clinical research and reduces methodological bias. The registration number on the Prospero platform is CRD42022313347.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Alves Lozi
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janaina Da Silva
- Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset) - UMR 1085, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sérgio Luis Pinto Da Matta
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Sołek P, Czechowska E, Sowa-Kućma M, Stachowicz K, Kaczka P, Tabęcka-Łonczyńska A. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of autophagy by antidepressant-like substances in C57BL/6J mouse testis model upon LPS challenge. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:251. [PMID: 37735683 PMCID: PMC10512556 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of depression with pharmaceuticals is associated with many adverse side effects, including male fertility problems. The precise mechanisms by which these agents affect testicular cells remain largely unknown, but they are believed to induce cellular stress, which is sensed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. These organelles are responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating signal pathways that lead to autophagy or apoptosis. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the autophagy, ER, and Golgi stress-related pathways in mouse testis following treatment with antidepressant-like substances (ALS) and ALS combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that most ALS and activated proteins are associated with the induction of apoptosis. However, when imipramine (IMI) was combined with NS-398 (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) after LPS administration, we observed a marked increase in the BECLIN1, Bcl-2, ATG16L, and LC3 expression, which are marker proteins of autophagosome formation. The expression of the BECN1 and ATG16L genes was also high compared to the control, indicating the induction of autophagy processes that may potentially protect mouse testicular cells from death and regulate metabolism in the testis. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the stress-related effects of specific ALS on the testis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sołek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Czechowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 2a Kopisto, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 2a Kopisto, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczka
- PRO-NOO-BIOTICS Sp. z o.o., 39 Warszawska, 35-205, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Tabęcka-Łonczyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 2 Sucharskiego, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
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4
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Hwangbo H, Kim MY, Ji SY, Park BS, Kim T, Yoon S, Kim H, Kim SY, Jung H, Kim T, Lee H, Kim GY, Choi YH. Mixture of Corni Fructus and Schisandrae Fructus improves testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia through regulating 5α-reductase 2 and androgen receptor. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:32-47. [PMID: 36777802 PMCID: PMC9884594 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) characterized by an enlarged prostate gland is common in elderly men. Corni Fructus (CF) and Schisandrae Fructus (SF) are known to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of CF, SF, and their mixture (MIX) on the development of BPH using an in vivo model of testosterone-induced BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. To induce BPH, testosterone propionate (TP) was injected to rats except for those in the control group. Finasteride, saw palmetto (SP), CF, SF, and MIX were orally administered along with TP injection. At the end of treatment, histological changes in the prostate and the level of various biomarkers related to BPH were evaluated. RESULTS Our results showed that BPH induced by TP led to prostate weight and histological changes. Treatment with MIX effectively improved TP-induced BPH by reducing prostate index, lumen area, epithelial thickness, and expression of BPH biomarkers such as 5α-reductase type 2, prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to treatment with CF or SF alone. Moreover, MIX further reduced levels of elevated serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and prostate-specific antigen in BPH compared to the SP, a positive control. BPH was also improved more by MIX than by CF or SF alone. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, MIX is a potential natural therapeutic candidate for BPH by regulating 5α-reductase and AR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwangbo
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Beom Su Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - TaeHee Kim
- Hamsoapharm Central Research, Jinan 55442, Korea
| | - Seonhye Yoon
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co. Ltd., Jincheon 27858, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- R&D Center, Naturetech Co. Ltd., Jincheon 27858, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Kim
- BIO Center, Chungbuk Technopark, Ochang 28115, Korea
| | - Haeun Jung
- BIO Center, Chungbuk Technopark, Ochang 28115, Korea
| | - Taeiung Kim
- BIO Center, Chungbuk Technopark, Ochang 28115, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
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5
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Rzeszotek S, Kolasa A, Pilutin A, Misiakiewicz-Has K, Sielatycka K, Wiszniewska B. The Interplay between Finasteride-Induced Androgen Imbalance, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Liver Disorders in Paternal and Filial Generation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2725. [PMID: 36359245 PMCID: PMC9687381 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (Fin) causes androgen imbalance by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone (T) to its more active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Androgen receptors (AR) are present (e.g., in hepatocytes), which have well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ERet). Cellular protein quality control is carried out by ERet in two paths: (i) unfolded protein response (UPR) and/or (ii) endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). ERet under continuous stress can generate changes in the UPR and can direct the cell on the pathway of life or death. It has been demonstrated that genes involved in ERet stress are among the genes controlled by androgens in some tissues. Oxidative stress is also one of the factors affecting the functions of ERet and androgens are one of the regulators of antioxidant enzyme activity. In this paper, we discuss/analyze a possible relationship between androgen imbalance in paternal generation with ERet stress and liver disorders in both paternal and filial generation. In our rat model, hyperglycemia and subsequent higher accumulation of hepatic glycogen were observed in all filial generation obtained from females fertilized by Fin-treated males (F1:Fin). Importantly, genes encoding enzymes involved in glucose and glycogen metabolism have been previously recognized among UPR targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sielatycka
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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6
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Fu W, Chen S, Zhang Z, Chen Y, You X, Li Q. Quercetin in Tonglong Qibi decoction ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats by regulating Nrf2 signalling pathways and oxidative stress. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14502. [PMID: 35725022 DOI: 10.1111/and.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disease in older males. Existing pharmacotherapy shows several side effects, and the exploration of new therapeutic strategies is of high significance. Tonglong Qibi (TQ) decoction was proved to ameliorate BPH, while the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the current study, we explored the anti-BPH effects of TQ in vivo and identified its main therapeutic component and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. We demonstrated that TQ mitigated BPH in rats and showed no toxicity to the liver and reproductive system. Network pharmacology identified quercetin as the main component in TQ treating BPH. Quercetin reduced proliferation, oxidative stress, and increased Nrf2 expression in hyperplastic prostate epithelial cells. These findings indicate that quercetin in TQ alleviates BPH via inhibiting oxidative stress and activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Xiamen Hospital (The Eighth Clinical Medical College), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China.,Department of Andrology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuchao Chen
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zezheng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xujun You
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qixin Li
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Huang G, He X, Xue Z, Long Y, Liu J, Cai J, Tang P, Han B, Shen B, Huang R, Yan J. Rauwolfia vomitoria extract suppresses benign prostatic hyperplasia by inducing autophagic apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:125. [PMID: 35513857 PMCID: PMC9074266 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current drug treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have negative side effects. Therefore, it is important to find effective alternative therapies with significantly fewer side effects. Our previous study revealed that Rauwolfia vomitoria (RWF) root bark extract reversed BPH development in a rat model. However, the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effects on BPH remains largely unknown. Methods BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cell lines derived from BPH epithelial and prostatic stromal compartments were selected to investigate how RWF extract inhibits BPH in vitro by MTT and flow cytometry assays. Microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and GFP-LC3 immunofluorescence assays were performed to evaluate the effects of RWF extract on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and autophagic apoptosis pathways in two cell lines. A human BPH ex vivo explant assay was also employed for validation. Results RWF extract treatment decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death in both BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with the increase of pro-apoptotic PCDC4 protein. RWF extract induced autophagy by enhancing the levels of autophagic genes (ULK2 and SQSTM1/p62) and the LC3II:LC3I ratio, with the increase of GFP-LC3 puncta. Moreover, RWF extract activated PERK- and ATF6-associated ER stress pathways by inducing the transcriptional levels of EIF2AK3/PERK, DDIT3/CHOP and ATF6, accompanied by the reduction of BiP protein level, but not its mRNA level. Another ER stress pathway was not induced by RWF extract, as manifested by the lack of XBP1 splicing. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine abrogated apoptosis but not ER stress; while inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyrate alleviated the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, pretreatments with either 3-methyladenine or 4-phenylbutyrate suppressed RWF extract-induced cytotoxicity. Notably, the inductions of PERK- and ATF6-related stress pathways and autophagic apoptosis were confirmed in a human BPH ex vivo explant. Conclusions Our data have demonstrated that RWF extract significantly suppressed the viabilities of BPH epithelial cells and BPH myofibroblasts by inducing apoptosis via upregulating ER stress and autophagy. These data indicate that RWF extract is a potential novel alternative therapeutic approach for BPH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03610-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zesheng Xue
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiakuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bangmin Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang M, Yuan J, Cao Y, Xu L, Ma X, Lin S, An J, Wang S. Yohimbine hydrochloride inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia by downregulating steroid 5α-reductase type 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174334. [PMID: 34265299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a frequently encountered disease in older men that affects sexual function and is capable of causing lower urinary tract dysfunction. Unfortunately, current treatment options for BPH primarily seek to address the lower urinary tract dysfunction aspect of the disease and do not improve sexual function. Yohimbine has been effectively used for decades to treat erectile dysfunction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of yohimbine on BPH and explore the associated underlying mechanisms. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into the control, BPH, finasteride (1 mg/kg), and yohimbine (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg) groups. Except for the rats in the control group, those in the other groups were subcutaneously injected testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg/day) daily for a period of 4 weeks to establish BPH models. They were also administration the corresponding drug daily for a period of 6 weeks. After the treatments, in addition to determining prostate wet weight and index, the histopathological status of the prostate was observed, and the levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, prostatic acid phosphatase, the prostate-specific antigen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and steroid 5α-reductase were determined. Specifically, the administration of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg yohimbine inhibited prostatic index increase by 46.7, 55.1, and 69.3%, respectively, in BHP rats. Further, yohimbine significantly reduced the levels of dihydrotestosterone, prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and steroid 5α-reductase, suggesting that it exerts beneficial effects against BPH by modulating the steroid 5α-reductase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Yang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuexinyu Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sisong Lin
- Key Laboratory Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junming An
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- Key Laboratory Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Karna KK, Choi NY, Kim CY, Kim HK, Shin YS, Park JK. Gui-A-Gra Attenuates Testicular Dysfunction in Varicocele-Induced Rats via Oxidative Stress, ER Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239231. [PMID: 33287403 PMCID: PMC7730328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gui-A-Gra, a commercial insect powder from Gryllus bimaculatus, is registered as an edible insect by the Korean food and drug administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Gui-A-Gra on testicular damage induced by experimental left varicocele in male Sprague Dawley rats. A total of 72 rats were randomly divided into the following six groups (12 rats in each group): a normal control group (CTR), a group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 1.63 gm/kg (G1.63), a group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 6.5 gm/kg (G6.5), a varicocele (VC)-induced control group (VC), a VC-induced group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 1.63 gm/kg (VC + G1.63), and a VC-induced group administrated with Gui-A-Gra 6.5 gm/kg (VC + G6.5). Rats were administrated 1.63 or 6.5 gm/kg Gui-A-Gra once daily for 42 days. Indicators of sperm parameters, histopathology, reproductive hormones, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis were analyzed to evaluate effects of Gui-A-Gra on VC-induced testicular dysfunction. Gui-A-Gra administration to VC-induced rats significantly (p < 0.05) increased sperm count and sperm motility, Johnsen score, spermatogenic cell density, serum testosterone, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, GPx4, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) level. Moreover, pretreatment with Gui-A-Gra significantly (p < 0.05) decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells/tubules, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) level, glucose-regulated protein-78 (Grp-78), phosphorylated c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (p-IRE1α), cleaved caspase-3, and BCL2 associated X protein: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax: Bcl2) ratio in VC rats. These results suggest that protective effects of Gui-A-Gra on VC-induced testicular injury might be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and androgenic activities that might be mediated via crosstalk of oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426791, Korea;
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.S.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1565 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-63-250-1564 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1564 (J.K.P.)
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (N.Y.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.S.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1565 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-63-250-1564 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1564 (J.K.P.)
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10
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Chen X, Feng H, El-Kott AF, Abd-Ella EM. Origanum vulgare L. leaves extract alleviates testis and sperm damages induced by finasteride: Biochemical, Immunohistological and apoptosis genes based evidences. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13823. [PMID: 32966695 DOI: 10.1111/and.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Origanum vulgare on finasteride-induced oxidative injury in mouse testis and sperm parameters. Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups: negative control, received 0.5 ml/day distilled water; positive control, received 25 mg/kg finasteride orally; and three groups received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day O. vulgare extract plus 25 mg kg-1 day-1 finasteride for 35 days. At day 36, serum luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide levels were assessed. Also, apoptotic changes investigated through genes expression and immunohistochemical staining. Finasteride in 35 days resulted in significant destructive alterations in the testis architecture, suppressed antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation. The expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas p53 and caspase-3 were up-regulated. Origanum vulgare improved the serum level of hormones and restored the antioxidant defence. 200 and 400 mg/kg/day of O. vulgare alleviated the testis structure and sperm parameters, up-regulated the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and down-regulated the p53, caspase-3 genes in treated groups. The findings indicate that O. vulgare extract improved function and structure of testis tissue against finasteride-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Chen
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, China
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abd-Ella
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.,Biology Department, College of Science and Art, Al-Baha University, Al-Mandaq, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Karna KK, Soni KK, You JH, Choi NY, Kim HK, Kim CY, Lee SW, Shin YS, Park JK. MOTILIPERM Ameliorates Immobilization Stress-Induced Testicular Dysfunction via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in SD Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134750. [PMID: 32635386 PMCID: PMC7370033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that physiological stress has an adverse effect on the male reproductive system. Experimental studies have demonstrated the promising effects of MOTILIPERM in male infertility. MOTILIPERM extract is composed of three crude medicinal herbs: Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae) roots, Allium cepa L. (Liliaceae) outer scales, and Cuscuta chinensis Lamark (convolvulaceae) seeds. The present study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of MOTILIPERM on testicular dysfunction induced by immobilization stress. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each): a normal control group (CTR), a control group administered MOTILIPERM 200 mg/kg (M 200), an immobilization-induced stress control group (S), an immobilization-induced stress group administered MOTILIPERM 100 mg/kg (S + M 100), and MOTILIPERM 200 mg/kg (S + M 200). Stressed rats (n = 30) were subjected to stress by immobilization for 6 h by placing them in a Perspex restraint cage, while controls (n = 20) were maintained without disturbance. Rats were administrated 100 or 200 mg/kg MOTILIPERM once daily for 30 days 1 h prior to immobilization. At the end of the treatment period, we measured body and reproductive organ weight; sperm parameters; histopathological damage; reproductive hormone levels; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR); biomarkers of oxidative stress; and apoptosis markers. MOTILIPERM treatment improved testicular dysfunction by up-regulating (p < 0.05) sperm count, sperm motility, serum testosterone level, StAR protein level, Johnsen score, and spermatogenic cell density in stressed rats. MOTILIPERM decreased oxidative stress by increasing (p < 0.05) testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx 4), catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels and decreasing (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels. Furthermore, MOTILIPERM down-regulated (p < 0.05) cleaved caspase 3 and BCL2 associated X protein (Bax) levels; increased pro caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels; and upregulated testicular germ cell proliferation in stressed rats. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after pretreatment with MOTILIPERM in stressed rats. Collectively, our results suggest that, in immobilization-mediated stress-induced testicular dysfunction, MOTILIPERM sustains normal spermatogenesis via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities by activating the NRF/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (J.H.Y.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Kiran Kumar Soni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;
| | - Jae Hyung You
- Department of Urology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (J.H.Y.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Na Young Choi
- Department of Urology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (J.H.Y.); (N.Y.C.)
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 426791, Korea;
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (J.H.Y.); (N.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.S.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1565 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-63-250-1564 (Y.S.S. & J.K.P.)
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Device, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (K.K.K.); (J.H.Y.); (N.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.S.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-63-250-1565 (Y.S.S.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-63-250-1564 (Y.S.S. & J.K.P.)
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Zhang T, Liu C, Ma S, Gao Y, Wang R. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Action of Rosmarinic Acid on Radiation-Induced Parotid Gland Injury in Rats. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820907782. [PMID: 32127788 PMCID: PMC7036515 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820907782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parotid glands are damaged by oxidative stress and a series of
pathophysiological changes after irradiation. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural
antioxidant that provides a radioprotective effect against harmful damage from
ionizing radiation. The present study aims to explore the protective effects of
RA on radiation-induced parotid gland injury and its underlying mechanism.
Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with 15 Gy X-ray and treated with different
concentrations of RA (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) or amifostine (AMI, 250 mg/kg).
Saliva secretion function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, the inflammatory
response, and fibrosis were determined by the measurement of the salivary flow
rate, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transferase-mediated DUTP Nick end
labeling, Western blot, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and
hematoxylin and eosin staining. Here, we show that RA treatment significantly
attenuated reactive oxygen species by a direct hindrance effect and the indirect
activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
1-alpha/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 signaling.
Rosmarinic acid not only reduced apoptosis by inhibiting p53/jun N-terminal
kinase activation but also reduced parotid gland tissue fibrosis by
downregulating inflammatory factor levels. Compared to AMI, RA has the obvious
advantages of late efficacy and convenient usage. Moreover, 60 mg/kg is the
minimum effective dose of RA. Therefore, RA can potentially be applied as a
therapeutic radioprotective agent to treat radiation-induced parotid gland
injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yirong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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COMPARATIVE PHARMACOKINETIC AND BIOAVAILABILITY STUDIES OF MONOTROPEIN, KAEMPFEROL-3-O-GLUCOSIDE, AND QUERCETIN-4’-O-GLUCOSIDE AFTER ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF MOTILIPERM IN RATS. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.15586/jomh.v16isp1.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Karna KK, Choi BR, You JH, Shin YS, Cui WS, Lee SW, Kim JH, Kim CY, Kim HK, Park JK. The ameliorative effect of monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial signaling pathway in varicocelized rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:333. [PMID: 31771569 PMCID: PMC6880392 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside (MAS) are active compounds extracted from medicinal herbs; monotropein from Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae), astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside) from Cuscuta chinensis Lamark (Convolvulaceae) and spiraeoside from the outer scales of Allium cepa L. (Liliceae) in a ratio of 6.69:0.41:3.61. Monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside are well-known antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive agents. The current investigation aims to study the molecular mechanism of varicocele-induced male infertility and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of MAS. Methods Four groups were included: control (CTR), MAS 200 group (MAS 200 mg/kg), varicocele group (VC), and VC + MAS 200 group (MAS 200 mg/kg). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 200 mg/kg MAS or vehicle once daily for 28 days. The possible signaling mechanism and effects of MAS were measured via histological staining, immunohistochemistry, western blot, and biochemical assays. Results Parameters such as sperm motility and count, Johnsen’s scores, spermatogenic cell density, serum testosterone, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) improved significantly in the VC + MAS 200 group compared with the VC group. MAS treatment of varicocele-induced group significantly decreased the levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as well as testicular interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), ROS/RNS, and malondialdehyde (MDA). It also decreased the apoptotic index and reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein levels (Grp78, p-IRE1α, and p-JNK) and apoptotic markers such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Conclusion This study suggests that the crosstalk between oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial pathway mediates varicocele-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. MAS promotes spermatogenesis in varicocele-induced SD rat, probably by decreasing cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) levels, regulating abnormal sex hormones, and decreasing oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis.
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Karna KK, Choi BR, Kim MJ, Kim HK, Park JK. The Effect of Schisandra chinensis Baillon on Cross-Talk between Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway in Testes of Varicocele-Induced SD Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225785. [PMID: 31744253 PMCID: PMC6888522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis Baillon (SC) has been utilized for its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities in a broad variety of medical applications. However; SC uses for improving fertility in males and related disorders with proper scientific validation remain obscure. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of SC on varicocele (VC)-induced testicular dysfunction and the potential molecular mechanism associated with VC-induced germ cell apoptosis. The male Sprague–Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups consisting of 10 rats in a normal control group (CTR), a control group administered SC 200 mg/kg (SC 200), a varicocele-induced control group (VC), and a varicocele-induced group administered SC 200 mg/kg (VC + SC 200). Rats were administrated 200 mg/kg SC once daily for 28 days after induction of varicocele rats and sham controls. At the end of the treatment period, body and reproductive organ weight, sperm parameters, histopathological damages, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis markers, biomarkers of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) were evaluated. The effects of SC extract on human sperm motility were also analyzed. SC treatment reduces VC-induced testicular dysfunction by significantly increasing testicular weight, sperm count and sperm motility, serum testosterone level, Johnsen score, spermatogenic cell density, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase level, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) level. Furthermore, the effects of SC on malondialdehyde (MDA) level, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) level, apoptotic index, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, Glucose-regulated protein-78 (Grp 78), phosphorylated c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phosphorylated inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (p-IRE1α), cleaved caspase 3, and Bax:Bcl2 in VC-induced rats were significantly decreased. Treatment with SC extracts also increased sperm motility in human sperm. Our findings suggest that the SC ameliorate testicular dysfunction in VC-induced rats via crosstalk between oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial-mediated testicular germ cell apoptosis signaling pathways. SC promotes spermatogenesis by upregulating abnormal sex hormones and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6; TNF-α).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Bo Ram Choi
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea;
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.K.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-51-663-4883 (H.K.K.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-51-663-4809 (H.K.K.); +82-63-250-1564 (J.K.P.)
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.K.); (J.K.P.); Tel.: +82-51-663-4883 (H.K.K.); +82-63-250-1510 (J.K.P.); Fax: +82-51-663-4809 (H.K.K.); +82-63-250-1564 (J.K.P.)
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Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, the Dried Root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia via Suppressing 5-Alpha Reductase and Inducing Prostate Cell Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6369132. [PMID: 31467577 PMCID: PMC6701400 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6369132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in elderly men which can be characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate associated with lower urinary symptoms. Current medications available for BPH treatment display several adverse effects; thus, the search for effective treatments with less side effects is still ongoing. In this study, we investigated the effect of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (dried root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.; AL), which is an herb used to treat extremely cold symptoms in traditional Korean medicine, on BPH using a testosterone propionate- (TP-) induced BPH rat model. Eight-week inguinal injection of TP induced BPH in rats, the prostate of which was displaying an abnormal proliferation. The pathological proliferation of the prostate was ameliorated by AL treatment of 4 weeks. Pathohistological changes in the prostate including epithelial thickness and lumen area were restored in AL-treated rats. Furthermore, 5α-reductase (5AR) and androgen receptor (AR), the two main factors in the pathogenesis of BPH, were decreased. In addition, the ratio of BAX and Bcl-2, an indicator of apoptosis, was increased by AL as well. Similar results were observed in AL-treated LNCaP prostate cancer cells. AL treatment suppressed the expression of the 5AR-AR axis and increased the ratio of BAX and Bcl-2. Apoptosis in the testis is considered a crucial side effect of finasteride, a 5AR inhibitor used to treat BPH. Our results showed that AL treatment did not display such effects, while finasteride treatment resulted in loss of spermatogenic cells within the prostate. Overall, these results suggest AL as a potentially safe nature-derived therapeutic agent for BPH treatment.
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Karna KK, Shin YS, Choi BR, Kim HK, Park JK. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Male Reproductive Physiology and Pathology: A Review. World J Mens Health 2019; 38:484-494. [PMID: 31385474 PMCID: PMC7502313 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, defined as prolonged disturbances in protein folding and accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Perturbation of the ER, such as distribution of oxidative stress, iron imbalance, Ca2+ leakage, protein overload, and hypoxia, can cause ER stress. The cell reacts to ER stress by activating protective pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is comprised of cellular mechanisms aimed for maintaining cellular homeostasis or, in case of excessively severe stress, at the initiation of cellular apoptosis. The three UPR signaling pathways from the ER stress sensors are initiated by activating transcription factor 6, inositol requiring enzyme 1, and protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase. A number of physiological and pathological conditions, environmental toxicants and variety of pharmacological agents showed disruption of proper ER functions and thereby cause ER stress in male reproductive organ in rat model. The present review summarizes the existing data concerning the molecular and biological mechanism of ER stress in male reproduction and male infertility. ER stress initiated cell death pathway has been related to several diseases, including hypoxia, heath disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. Although there is not enough evidence to prove the relationship between ER stress and male infertility in human, most studies in this review found that ER stress was correlated with male reproduction and infertility in animal models. The ER stress could be novel signaling pathway of regulating male reproductive cellular apoptosis. Infertility might be a result of disturbing the ER stress response during the process of male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Choi
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School - Biomedical Research and Institute and Clinical Trial Center for Medical Devices, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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Alkahtane AA, Albasher G, Al-Sultan NK, Alqahtani WS, Alarifi S, Almeer RS, Alghamdi J, Ali D, Alahmari A, Alkahtani S. Long-term treatment with finasteride induces apoptosis and pathological changes in female mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:762-774. [PMID: 30943778 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of alopecia, and it affects humans of both genders. Finasteride is a type II selective 5α-reductase inhibitor that is administered orally to treat androgenetic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia in human males. However, its effect on the vital organs of females is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the effects of finasteride on the vital organs such as liver, kidney, and heart of female mice. To study the prospective effects of finasteride, female mice were orally administered two doses of finasteride (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) once daily for 35 days, and serum levels of various biochemical parameters and histopathology of various organs were examined. The results showed that serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by both high- and low-dose finasteride, whereas cholesterol was significantly increased by the high dose only. Creatine kinase was significantly increased by the high and low doses, whereas glucose was significantly decreased by both doses. Histopathological analysis and DNA damage assays showed that finasteride has adverse effects within both the short and the long periods in female mice. In addition, the proapoptotic genes Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased by high dose finasteride, whereas the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 was significantly decreased by the low and high doses. In conclusion, finasteride is not currently approved for therapeutic use in females, and the findings in this study suggest caution in any future consideration of such use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alkahtane
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Albasher
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N K Al-Sultan
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W S Alqahtani
- 2 Department of Forensic Biology, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alarifi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R S Almeer
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Alghamdi
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Ali
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alahmari
- 3 Department of Biology, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alkahtani
- 1 Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cross-talk between ER stress and mitochondrial pathway mediated adriamycin-induced testicular toxicity and DA-9401 modulate adriamycin-induced apoptosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:85. [PMID: 30992692 PMCID: PMC6450013 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DA-9401 was prepared as a mixture of Chinese medicinal herb extracts from roots of Morinda officinalis How (Rubiaceae), outer scales of Allium cepa L. (Liliceae) and seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lamark (Convolvulaceae). The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of DA-9401 in adriamycin (ADR)-induced testicular toxicity associated with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis. Methods Fifty healthy 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were equally divided into five groups. The first CTR group was treated with normal saline 2 ml/day by gavage. The second was treated with DA-100 (DA-9401 100 mg/kg/day). The third (ADR) group received ADR (2 mg/kg/once a week) intraperitoneally, while the combination of ADR and DA-9401 was given to the fourth ADR + DA-100 (100 mg/kg/day p.o) group and fifth ADR + DA-200 (200 mg/kg/day p.o) group. At the end of the 8-week treatment period, body weight, reproductive organ weights, fertility rate, pups per female were recorded, and serum were assayed for hormone concentrations. Tissues were subjected to semen analysis, histopathological changes, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), oxidative stress markers and expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, apoptosis markers, tight junction protein markers, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cation channel of sperm (CatSper) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) by western blot. Results DA-9401 administration to ADR-treated rats significantly decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, interleukin-6, TNF-α, MDA level, ROS/RNS level, ER stress response protein levels, tunnel positive cells, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Moreover, pretreatment with DA-9401 significantly increased body weight, reproductive organ weights, fertility rate, pups per female, Johnsen’s score, spermatogenic cell density, sperm count and sperm motility, serum testosterone concentration, testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), tight junction protein markers, star protein level, CatSper, and GSK-3 level. Conclusions ADR treatment can markedly impair testicular function and induce testicular cell death presumably by causing significant changes in oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondrial pathway. DA-9401 exerts beneficial effects against oxidative stress, ER stress, and mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway in testis tissue by up-regulating expression levels of tight junction protein markers, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, GSK-3 alpha, and cation channels of sperm. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0805-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ahmed TA, Al-Abd AM. Effect of finasteride particle size reduction on its pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and cellular permeation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:555-563. [PMID: 29451038 PMCID: PMC6058569 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1440446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (FSD), a specific competitive inhibitor of the steroid type-II 5α-reductase enzyme, is used in treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness. The drug is of limited solubility that affect its dissolution and bioavailability. The aim was to study the effect of FSD particle size reduction on the pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and cellular permeation. An optimized drug micro- and nano-particles were developed, characterized, administered to group of rats, and systemic pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution within target and not-target organs were determined using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique. Moreover, the cellular permeation of the prepared formulations through normal prostate epithelial cells was assessed and compared to pure FSD. The developed micro- and nano-particles were of 930 and 645 nm, respectively. Plasma maximum drug levels (Cmax) and overall exposure (AUC) of both formulations were not significantly higher than unformulated drug. However, micronized FSD achieved significant higher concentration within the target tissue (prostate) within the current study compared to pure drug and nano-sized formulation as well. Yet, this is explained by the higher sequestration ability of spleen tissue to the nano-sized formula compared to micro-sized FSD. At the cellular level, permeation of nano-sized FSD through prostate epithelial cells was superior to the unformulated FSD as well as the micro-sized drug formulation. FSD particle size reduction significantly influences its cellular permeation and to a lesser extend affect its systemic pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- c Department of Pharmacology , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,d Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division , National Research Centre , Giza , Egypt
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Shin YS, Karna KK, Choi BR, Park JK. Finasteride and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Male Androgenetic Alopecia. World J Mens Health 2018; 37:157-165. [PMID: 30209896 PMCID: PMC6479090 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Finasteride is primarily used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male androgenetic alopecia (MAA). Five-alpha reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs) could induce male sexual dysfunction due to their effects on testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. There is evidence suggesting that 5α-RIs may independently increase the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, many investigators believe that side effects of 5α-RIs will disappear with continuous treatment. Considerable controversy exists regarding the severity and persistence of side effects of finasteride on ED. The aim of this review was to summarize current research studies on finasteride associated with ED. The search strategy used each term of finasteride and ED against PubMed database to identify related studies. ED data reported from available trials for finasteride were summarized and reviewed. Although there is not enough evidence to prove the relationship between finasteride and ED, most studies in this review found that finasteride for BPH was correlated with ED. However, most studies included in this review revealed that finasteride for MAA was not correlated with ED. On the other hand, some studies reported side effects of finasteride associated with sexual dysfunction, including ED, male infertility, ejaculation problem, and loss of libido, even in MAA patients. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further determine the mechanism and effects of finasteride on ED. However, physicians should discuss with their patients possible long-term effects of finasteride on sexual function, although we do not have evidence showing that adverse events of sexual dysfunction are absolutely associated with 5α-RIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seob Shin
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Choi
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Park
- Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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