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Milan M, Brown J, O'Reilly CL, Bubak MP, Negri S, Balasubramanian P, Dhanekula AS, Pharaoh G, Reyff Z, Ballard C, Shi H, Yabluchanskiy A, Rudolph MC, Ungvari Z, Marcinek DJ, Miller BF, Van Remmen H, Tarantini S. Time-restricted feeding improves aortic endothelial relaxation by enhancing mitochondrial function and attenuating oxidative stress in aged mice. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103189. [PMID: 38788541 PMCID: PMC11140804 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related endothelial dysfunction is a pivotal factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, stemming, at least in part, from mitochondrial dysfunction and a consequential increase in oxidative stress. These alterations are central to the decline in vascular health seen with aging, underscoring the urgent need for interventions capable of restoring endothelial function for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Dietary interventions, notably time-restricted feeding (TRF), have been identified for their anti-aging effects on mitochondria, offering protection against age-associated declines in skeletal muscle and other organs. Motivated by these findings, our study aimed to investigate whether TRF could similarly exert protective effects on endothelial health in the vasculature, enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress. To explore this, 12-month-old C57BL/6 mice were placed on a TRF diet, with food access limited to a 6-h window daily for 12 months. For comparison, we included groups of young mice and age-matched controls with unrestricted feeding. We evaluated the impact of TRF on endothelial function by measuring acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of the aorta. Mitochondrial health was assessed using fluororespirometry, and vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was quantified with the redox-sensitive dye dihydroethidium. We also quantified 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels, a stable marker of lipid peroxidation, in the aorta using ELISA. Our findings demonstrated that aged mice on a standard diet exhibited significant impairments in aortic endothelial relaxation and mitochondrial function, associated with elevated vascular oxidative stress. Remarkably, the TRF regimen led to substantial improvements in these parameters, indicating enhanced endothelial vasorelaxation, better mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress in the aortas of aged mice. This investigation establishes a vital foundation, paving the way for subsequent clinical research aimed at exploring the cardiovascular protective benefits of intermittent fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Milan
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jacob Brown
- Oklahoma City VA, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Colleen L O'Reilly
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Matthew P Bubak
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sharon Negri
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arjune S Dhanekula
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Departments of Radiology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zeke Reyff
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Cade Ballard
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Helen Shi
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David J Marcinek
- Departments of Radiology and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Oklahoma City VA, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Oklahoma City VA, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Nosrati S, Gheisari M, Zare S, Dara M, Zolghadri S, Razeghian-Jahromi I. The impact of diabetic glucose concentration on viability and cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102361. [PMID: 38502970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia may be a stumbling block for delivery of regenerative benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases. Our study aims to assess the viability and cardiac differentiation potential of MSCs after being exposed to diabetic glucose concentration. METHODS MSCs were extracted from rat bone marrow. Cells were characterized based on morphology, differentiation potential, and expression of mesenchymal specific markers. MTT assay was done to evaluate the viability of MSCs after treatment with different glucose concentrations. Case group was MSCs treated with diabetic concentration of glucose versus cells treated with PBS as the control group. Growth curve and population doubling time were calculated in both groups. Expression of GATA4 and troponin, as the early and late markers during cardiac differentiation, were measured following 5-azacytidine exposure. RESULTS Proliferated cells at passage three had fibroblastic-shape, was able to differentiate into adipocytes or osteocytes, and expressed CD73 and CD90. MSCs viability was gradually decreased by increasing glucose concentration. Irrespective of nicotine concentration, three-day exposure imposed more severe detrimental effects on viability compared with one-day treatment. Proliferation rate of the MSCs was lower in the case group, and they need more time for population doubling. Expression of both cardiac markers were downregulated in the case group at day three. However, their expression became higher at day seven. CONCLUSION Diabetic glucose concentration inhibits normal proliferation and cardiac differentiation of MSCs. This effect should be considered in stem cell therapy of cardiovascular patients who are concurrently affected by hyperglycemia, a common comorbidity in such individuals. Why carry out this study? What was learned from the study? FINDINGS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Nosrati
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gheisari
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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Sheikh AM, Yano S, Tabassum S, Nagai A. The Role of the Vascular System in Degenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2169. [PMID: 38396849 PMCID: PMC10889477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases, encompassing a wide range of conditions affecting various organ systems, pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems. This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between the vascular system and degenerative diseases, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and profound implications for disease progression and management. The pivotal role of the vascular system in maintaining tissue homeostasis is highlighted, as it serves as the conduit for oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to vital organs and tissues. Due to the vital role of the vascular system in maintaining homeostasis, its dysfunction, characterized by impaired blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation, emerges as a common denominator of degenerative diseases across multiple systems. In the nervous system, we explored the influence of vascular factors on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, emphasizing the critical role of cerebral blood flow regulation and the blood-brain barrier. Within the kidney system, the intricate relationship between vascular health and chronic kidney disease is scrutinized, unraveling the mechanisms by which hypertension and other vascular factors contribute to renal dysfunction. Throughout this review, we emphasize the clinical significance of understanding vascular involvement in degenerative diseases and potential therapeutic interventions targeting vascular health, highlighting emerging treatments and prevention strategies. In conclusion, a profound appreciation of the role of the vascular system in degenerative diseases is essential for advancing our understanding of degenerative disease pathogenesis and developing innovative approaches for prevention and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers seeking to address the intricate relationship between vascular health and degenerative diseases in pursuit of improved patient outcomes and enhanced public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Md. Sheikh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Shozo Yano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Shatera Tabassum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (A.N.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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Benny M, Sharma M, Kulandavelu S, Chen P, Tian R, Ballengee S, Huang J, Levine AF, Claure M, Schmidt AF, Vazquez-Padron RI, Rodrigues CO, Wu S, Velazquez OC, Young KC. Protective role of CXCR7 activation in neonatal hyperoxia-induced systemic vascular remodeling and cardiovascular dysfunction in juvenile rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19538. [PMID: 37945645 PMCID: PMC10636097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hyperoxia induces long-term systemic vascular stiffness and cardiovascular remodeling, but the mechanisms are unclear. Chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) represents a key regulator of vascular homeostasis and repair by modulating TGF-β1 signaling. This study investigated whether pharmacological CXCR7 agonism prevents neonatal hyperoxia-induced systemic vascular stiffness and cardiac dysfunction in juvenile rats. Newborn Sprague Dawley rat pups assigned to room air or hyperoxia (85% oxygen), received CXCR7 agonist, TC14012 or placebo for 3 weeks. These rat pups were maintained in room air until 6 weeks when aortic pulse wave velocity doppler, cardiac echocardiography, aortic and left ventricular (LV) fibrosis were assessed. Neonatal hyperoxia induced systemic vascular stiffness and cardiac dysfunction in 6-week-old rats. This was associated with decreased aortic and LV CXCR7 expression. Early treatment with TC14012, partially protected against neonatal hyperoxia-induced systemic vascular stiffness and improved LV dysfunction and fibrosis in juvenile rats by decreasing TGF-β1 expression. In vitro, hyperoxia-exposed human umbilical arterial endothelial cells and coronary artery endothelial cells had increased TGF-β1 levels. However, treatment with TC14012 significantly reduced the TGF-β1 levels. These results suggest that dysregulation of endothelial CXCR7 signaling may contribute to neonatal hyperoxia-induced systemic vascular stiffness and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Mayank Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - PingPing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Runxia Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sydne Ballengee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda F Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matteo Claure
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Augusto F Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Claudia O Rodrigues
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omaida C Velazquez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karen C Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10Th Avenue, RM-344, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Thai VL, Candelas DO, Leach JK. Tuning the Microenvironment to Create Functionally Distinct Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Spheroids. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:1558-1573. [PMID: 36809393 PMCID: PMC10264490 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are under investigation for wound healing and tissue regeneration due to their potent secretome. Compared to monodisperse cells, MSC spheroids exhibit increased cell survival and enhanced secretion of endogenous factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), two key factors in wound repair. We previously upregulated the proangiogenic potential of homotypic MSC spheroids by manipulating microenvironmental culture conditions. However, this approach depends on the responsiveness of host endothelial cells (ECs)-a limitation when attempting to restore large tissue deficits and for patients with chronic wounds in which ECs are dysfunctional and unresponsive. To address this challenge, we used a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach to engineer functionally distinct MSC spheroids that maximize VEGF production (VEGFMAX) or PGE2 production (PGE2,MAX) while incorporating ECs that could serve as the basic building blocks for vessel formation. VEGFMAX produced 22.7-fold more VEGF with enhanced endothelial cell migration compared to PGE2,MAX, while PGE2,MAX produced 16.7-fold more PGE2 with accelerated keratinocyte migration compared to VEGFMAX. When encapsulated together in engineered protease-degradable hydrogels as a model of cell delivery, VEGFMAX and PGE2,MAX spheroids exhibited robust spreading into the biomaterial and enhanced metabolic activity. The distinct bioactivities of these MSC spheroids demonstrate the highly tunable nature of spheroids and provide a new approach to leverage the therapeutic potential of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Thai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Diego O Candelas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3800, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Chakraborty P, Orvos H, Hermesz E. Molecular Study on Twin Cohort with Discordant Birth Weight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1370. [PMID: 37507909 PMCID: PMC10376082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased rate of twinning has pointed out newer challenges in clinical practices related to gestational complications, intrauterine growth restriction, perinatal mortality, and comorbidities. As a twin pregnancy progresses, the increased demand for oxygen supply can easily disrupt the redox homeostasis balance and further impose a greater challenge for the developing fetuses. A substantial birth-weight difference acts as an indicator of a deficit in oxygenation or blood flow to one of the fetuses, which might be related to a low bioavailable nitric oxide level. Therefore, in this study, we focused on networks involved in the adjustment of oxygen supply, like the activation of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) along with free radical and lipid peroxide formation in mature twin pairs with high birth-weight differences. The selected parameters were followed by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and biochemical measurements in the umbilical cord vessels and fetal red blood cells. Based on our data set, it is clear that the lower-weight siblings are markedly exposed to persistent intrauterine hypoxic conditions, which are connected to a decreased level in NOS3 activation. Furthermore, the increased level of peroxynitrite aggravates lipid peroxidation and induces morphological and functional damage and loss in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Kolkata 700109, India
| | - Hajnalka Orvos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Hermesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 533, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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Amir Levy Y, P Ciaraldi T, R. Mudaliar S, A. Phillips S, R. Henry R. Adipose tissue from subjects with type 2 diabetes exhibits impaired capillary formation in response to GROα: involvement of MMPs-2 and -9. Adipocyte 2022; 11:276-286. [PMID: 35481427 PMCID: PMC9116416 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with impaired vascularization of adipose tissue (AT) . IL8, GROα and IL15 are pro-angiogenic myokines, secreted at elevated levels by T2D myotubes. We explored the direct impact of these myokines on AT vascularization. AT explants from subjects with T2D and without diabetes (non-diabetic, ND) were treated with rIL8, rGROα and rIL15 in concentrations equal to those in conditioned media (CM) from T2D and ND myotubes, and sprout formation evaluated. Endothelial cells (EC) were isolated from T2D and ND-AT, treated with rGROα and tube formation evaluated. Finally, we investigated the involvement of MMP-2 and -9 in vascularization. ND and T2D concentrations of IL8 or IL15 caused similar stimulation of sprout formation in ND- and T2D-AT. GROα exerted a similar effect in ND-AT. When T2D-AT explants were exposed to GROα, sprout formation in response to T2D concentrations was reduced compared to ND. Exposure of EC from T2D-AT to GROα at T2D concentrations resulted in reduced tube formation. Reduced responses to GROα in T2D-AT and EC were also seen for secretion of MMP-2 and -9. The data indicate that skeletal muscle can potentially regulate AT vascularization, with T2D-AT having impairments in sensitivity to GROα, while responding normally to IL8 and IL15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Amir Levy
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sunder R. Mudaliar
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan A. Phillips
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert R. Henry
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Keller AC, Chun JH, Knaub L, Henckel M, Hull S, Scalzo R, Pott G, Walker L, Reusch J. Thermoneutrality induces vascular dysfunction and impaired metabolic function in male Wistar rats: a new model of vascular disease. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2133-2146. [PMID: 35881464 PMCID: PMC9553250 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease is of paramount importance, yet there are few relevant rat models to investigate its pathology and explore potential therapeutics. Housing at thermoneutral temperature (30 °C) is being employed to humanize metabolic derangements in rodents. We hypothesized that housing rats in thermoneutral conditions would potentiate a high-fat diet, resulting in diabetes and dysmetabolism, and deleteriously impact vascular function, in comparison to traditional room temperature housing (22 °C). METHODS Male Wistar rats were housed at either room temperature or thermoneutral temperatures for 16 weeks on either a low or high-fat diet. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted at the beginning and end of the study. At the study's conclusion, vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration of aorta and carotid were conducted. RESULTS We observed diminished vasodilation in vessels from thermoneutral rats ( P < 0.05), whereas high-fat diet had no effect. This effect was also observed in endothelium-denuded aorta in thermoneutral rats ( P < 0.05). Vasoconstriction was significantly elevated in aorta of thermoneutral rats ( P < 0.05). Diminished nitric oxide synthase activity and nitrotyrosine, and elevated glutathione activity were observed in aorta from rats housed under thermoneutral conditions, indicating a climate of lower nitric oxide and excess reactive oxygen species in aorta. Thermoneutral rat aorta also demonstrated less mitochondrial respiration with lipid substrates compared with the controls ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data support that thermoneutrality causes dysfunctional vasoreactivity, decreased lipid mitochondrial metabolism, and modified cellular signaling. These are critical observations as thermoneutrality is becoming prevalent for translational research models. This new model of vascular dysfunction may be useful for dissection of targetable aspects of cardiovascular disease and is a novel and necessary model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Keller
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - L.A. Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M.M. Henckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S.E. Hull
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - R.L. Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - G.B. Pott
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - L.A. Walker
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J.E.B. Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Lodhi S, Stone JP, Entwistle TR, Fildes JE. The Use of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in Ex Vivo Machine Perfusion of Donor Organs for Transplantation. ASAIO J 2022; 68:461-470. [PMID: 35220355 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in the development of ex vivo machine perfusion for the nonischemic preservation of donor organs. However, several complications remain, including the logistics of using human blood for graft oxygenation and hemolysis occurring as a result of mechanical technology. Recently, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, originally developed for use as blood substitutes, have been studied as an alternative to red blood cell-based perfusates. Although research in this field is somewhat limited, the findings are promising. We offer a brief review of the use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers in ex vivo machine perfusion and discuss future directions that will likely have a major impact in progressing oxygen carrier use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirat Lodhi
- From the The Ex-Vivo Research Centre, 3F66, Block 3, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- The Ex-Vivo Lab, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John P Stone
- From the The Ex-Vivo Research Centre, 3F66, Block 3, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- The Ex-Vivo Lab, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Transplant Centre, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Entwistle
- From the The Ex-Vivo Research Centre, 3F66, Block 3, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- The Ex-Vivo Lab, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Transplant Centre, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James E Fildes
- From the The Ex-Vivo Research Centre, 3F66, Block 3, Alderley Park, Nether Alderley, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- The Ex-Vivo Lab, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Transplant Centre, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Ballasy NN, Jadli AS, Edalat P, Kang S, Fatehi Hassanabad A, Gomes KP, Fedak PWM, Patel VB. Potential role of epicardial adipose tissue in coronary artery endothelial cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21878. [PMID: 34469050 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100684rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) lies in direct contact with the myocardium and coronary arteries and can influence cardiac (patho) physiology through paracrine signaling pathways. This study hypothesized that the proteins released from EAT represent a critical molecular link between the diabetic state and coronary artery endothelial cell dysfunction. To simulate type 2 diabetes-associated metabolic and inflammatory status in an ex vivo tissue culture model, human EAT samples were treated with a cocktail composed of high glucose, high palmitate, and lipopolysaccharide (gplEAT) and were compared with control EAT (conEAT). Compared to conEAT, gplEAT showed a markedly increased gene expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines, corroborating EAT inflammation, a hallmark feature observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Luminex assay of EAT-secretome identified increased release of various proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-alpha 2 (IFNA2), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), interleukin 5 (IL5), interleukin 13 (IL13), and CCL5, among others, in response to high glucose, high palmitate, and lipopolysaccharide. Conditioned culture media was used to collect the concentrated proteins (CPs). In response to gplEAT-CPs, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) exhibited an inflammatory endothelial cell phenotype, featuring a significantly increased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cell surface expression of VCAM-1. Moreover, gplEAT-CPs severely decreased Akt-eNOS signaling, nitric oxide production, and angiogenic potential of HCAECs, when compared with conEAT-CPs. These findings indicate that EAT inflammation may play a key role in coronary artery endothelial cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura N Ballasy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pariya Edalat
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean Kang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karina P Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Gorji A, Toh PJY, Ong HT, Toh YC, Toyama Y, Kanchanawong P. Enhancement of Endothelialization by Topographical Features Is Mediated by PTP1B-Dependent Endothelial Adherens Junctions Remodeling. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2661-2675. [PMID: 33942605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial Cells (ECs) form cohesive cellular lining of the vasculature and play essential roles in both developmental processes and pathological conditions. Collective migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) are key processes underlying endothelialization of vessels as well as vascular graft, but the complex interplay of mechanical and biochemical signals regulating these processes are still not fully elucidated. While surface topography and biochemical modifications have been used to enhance endothelialization in vitro, thus far such single-modality modifications have met with limited success. As combination therapy that utilizes multiple modalities has shown improvement in addressing various intractable and complex biomedical conditions, here, we explore a combined strategy that utilizes topographical features in conjunction with pharmacological perturbations. We characterized EC behaviors in response to micrometer-scale grating topography in concert with pharmacological perturbations of endothelial adherens junctions (EAJ) regulators. We found that the protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B, serves as a potent regulator of EAJ stability, with PTP1B inhibition synergizing with grating topographies to modulate EAJ rearrangement, thereby augmenting global EC monolayer sheet orientation, proliferation, connectivity, and collective cell migration. Our data delineates the crosstalk between cell-ECM topography sensing and cell-cell junction integrity maintenance and suggests that the combined use of grating topography and PTP1B inhibitor could be a promising strategy for promoting collective EC migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Gorji
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Institut Curie, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR168, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pearlyn Jia Ying Toh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui Ting Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Republic of Singapore.,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Republic of Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Republic of Singapore
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12
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Mishra RC, Kyle BD, Kendrick DJ, Svystonyuk D, Kieser TM, Fedak PWM, Wulff H, Braun AP. KCa channel activation normalizes endothelial function in Type 2 Diabetic resistance arteries by improving intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization. Metabolism 2021; 114:154390. [PMID: 33039407 PMCID: PMC7736096 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in the progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Endothelial KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 K+ channels are important regulators of arterial diameter, and we thus hypothesized that SKA-31, a small molecule activator of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, would positively influence agonist-evoked dilation in myogenically active resistance arteries in T2D. METHODOLOGY Arterial pressure myography was utilized to investigate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated cremaster skeletal muscle resistance arteries from 22 to 24 week old T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats, age-matched Wistar controls, and small human intra-thoracic resistance arteries from T2D subjects. Agonist stimulated changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ in acutely isolated, single endothelial cells from Wistar and T2D Goto-Kakizaki cremaster and cerebral arteries were examined using Fura-2 fluorescence imaging. MAIN FINDINGS Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) or bradykinin (BK) was significantly impaired in isolated cremaster arteries from T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats compared with Wistar controls, and similar results were observed in human intra-thoracic arteries. In contrast, inhibition of myogenic tone by sodium nitroprusside, a direct smooth muscle relaxant, was unaltered in both rat and human T2D arteries. Treatment with a threshold concentration of SKA-31 (0.3 μM) significantly enhanced vasodilatory responses to ACh and BK in arteries from T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats and human subjects, whereas only modest effects were observed in non-diabetic arteries of both species. Mechanistically, SKA-31 enhancement of evoked dilation was independent of vascular NO synthase and COX activities. Remarkably, SKA-31 treatment improved agonist-stimulated Ca2+ elevation in acutely isolated endothelial cells from T2D Goto-Kakizaki cremaster and cerebral arteries, but not from Wistar control vessels. In contrast, SKA-31 treatment did not affect intracellular Ca2+ release by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate that KCa channel modulation can acutely restore endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in T2D resistance arteries from rats and humans, which appears to involve improved endothelial Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Mishra
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Barry D Kyle
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dylan J Kendrick
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniyil Svystonyuk
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Teresa M Kieser
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Heike Wulff
- Dept of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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13
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Steinke I, Ghanei N, Govindarajulu M, Yoo S, Zhong J, Amin RH. Drug Discovery and Development of Novel Therapeutics for Inhibiting TMAO in Models of Atherosclerosis and Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:567899. [PMID: 33192565 PMCID: PMC7658318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.567899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus exists as a comorbidity with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, the exact molecular signaling mechanism linking CHF as the major form of mortality from diabetes remains unknown. Type 2 diabetic patients display abnormally high levels of metabolic products associated with gut dysbiosis. One such metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been observed to be directly related with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in human patients. TMAO a gut-liver metabolite, comes from the metabolic degenerative product trimethylamine (TMA) that is produced from gut microbial metabolism. Elevated levels of TMAO in diabetics and obese patients are observed to have a direct correlation with increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. The pro-atherogenic effect of TMAO is attributed to enhancing inflammatory pathways with cholesterol and bile acid dysregulation, promoting foam cell formation. Recent studies have revealed several potential therapeutic strategies for reducing TMAO levels and will be the central focus for the current review. However, few have focused on developing rational drug therapeutics and may be due to the gaps in knowledge for understanding the mechanism by which microbial TMA producing enzymes and hepatic flavin-containing monoxygenase (FMO) can work together in preventing elevation of TMAO levels. Therefore, it is critical to understand the advantages of developing a novel rational drug design strategy that manipulates FMO production of TMAO and TMA production by microbial enzymes. This review will focus on the inspection of FMO manipulation, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis and its influence on metabolic disorders including cardiovascular disease and describe novel potential pharmacological therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Steinke
- Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Nila Ghanei
- Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Sieun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Juming Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh H Amin
- Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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14
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M Abd El-Kader S, H Al-Jiffri O, A Neamatallah Z, M AlKhateeb A, S AlFawaz S. Weight reduction ameliorates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 33402982 PMCID: PMC7751542 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) considered as one of the cardiovascular disorders (CVD) principle risk factor as diabetes is associated with abnormal levels of endothelial function, inflammatory and adipocytokines. Objective The aim of this study was to measure the impact of weight reducing on inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients. Methods One-hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the present study; the age range was 35–55 year. Participants shared in this study were enrolled in group (A) received diet control and aerobic exercise on treadmill, while, group (B) had no intervention for 3 months. Results The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1 activity) were significantly decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion Weight reducing program modulates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients.
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15
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Prendergast C. Maternal phenotype: how do age, obesity and diabetes affect myometrial function? CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Souto SB, Campos JR, Fangueiro JF, Silva AM, Cicero N, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A, Souto EB. Multiple Cell Signalling Pathways of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide in Vasculopathy Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E645. [PMID: 31963760 PMCID: PMC7013900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of diabetes is a constant high blood glucose level (hyperglycaemia), resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Transient or prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic vasculopathy, a secondary systemic damage. C-Peptide is a product of cleavage of proinsulin by a serine protease that occurs within the pancreatic β-cells, being secreted in similar amounts as insulin. The biological activity of human C-peptide is instrumental in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and other vascular complications. The main feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the lack of insulin and of C-peptide, but the progressive β-cell loss is also observed in later stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. C-peptide has multifaceted effects in animals and diabetic patients due to the activation of multiple cell signalling pathways, highlighting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½, Akt, as well as endothelial nitric oxide production. Recent works highlight the role of C-peptide in the prevention and amelioration of diabetes and also in organ-specific complications. Benefits of C-peptide in microangiopathy and vasculopathy have been shown through conservation of vascular function, and also in the prevention of endothelial cell death, microvascular permeability, neointima formation, and in vascular inflammation. Improvement of microvascular blood flow by replacing a physiological amount of C-peptide, in several tissues of diabetic animals and humans, mainly in nerve tissue, myocardium, skeletal muscle, and kidney has been described. A review of the multiple cell signalling pathways of human proinsulin C-peptide in vasculopathy protection is proposed, where the approaches to move beyond the state of the art in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic options of diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana R. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Joana F. Fangueiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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17
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Offor U, Edwin CSN, Ogedengbe OO, Jegede AI, Peter AI, Onyemaechi OA. Renal histopathological and biochemical changes following adjuvant intervention of Momordica charantia and antiretroviral therapy in diabetic rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1359-1367. [PMID: 32128103 PMCID: PMC7038428 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.31848.7663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important primary cause of end-stage kidney disease. This study explores the mechanisms of the reno-protective effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) in diabetic rats following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen triplavar. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) were divided into 7 groups (A-G).Treatment groups (B-G) had 7 animals per group and control group (Group A) had 6 animals per group. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection (STZ 45 mg/kg body weight). The animals were euthanized on the tenth week with kidneys removed for examination and blood obtained via cardiac puncture. RESULTS Key renal parameters showed no albuminuria, normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and electrolytes in all groups treated with M. charantia. Untreated diabetic (Group B) and HAART treated diabetic (Group C) showed severe albuminuria, a significantly raised BUN and serum creatinine (P<0.05) and gross electrolyte disturbances. Blood glucose levels were consistently and significantly raised in all groups not receiving the adjuvant M. charantia (P<0.05). Levels of oxidative stress enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and activities of Reduced Gluthaione (GSH) and Malondiadehyde (MDA) were significantly lower in all groups not receiving M. charantia. Histopathology in untreated diabetic and HAART treated animals showed severe degenerative changes in the glomeruli and inflammatory cellular infiltration while M. charantia treated animals showed an essentially normal glomerular appearance with capillary loops and normal cytoarchitecture. CONCLUSION M. charantia extract administration improved blood glucose levels, reinstates renal function, reduces body weight loss and restores hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu Offor
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Coleridge Stephen Naidu Edwin
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin Olalekan Ogedengbe
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola Isaac Jegede
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Zambia
| | - Aniekan Imo Peter
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo-Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Okpara Azu Onyemaechi
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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18
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Pei-Yuan Z, Yu-Wei L, Xiang-Nan Z, Song T, Rong Z, Xiao-Xiao H, Sheng-Shuai S, Kun W, Cheng-Yun L. Overexpression of Axl reverses endothelial cells dysfunction in high glucose and hypoxia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11831-11841. [PMID: 30848518 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is involved in diabetic vascular disease. This study aims to investigate the effect of high glucose on endothelial cells injury and Axl expression in hypoxia condition in vitro, and we present details of the mechanism associated with overexpression of Axl rescue the high glucose injury. Our results showed that high glucose impaired both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and EAhy926 cells angiogenesis in hypoxia condition. In addition, high glucose inhibits Axl and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) protein expression in hypoxia condition. Axl overexpression significantly reversed endothelial cells dysfunction in high glucose/hypoxia. Furthermore, Axl overexpression in EAhy926 cells increases HIF-1α protein synthesis through PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K signal pathway but not Mek/Erk in high glucose/hypoxia condition. This study demonstrates that high glucose can alter Axl signaling and HIF-1α in hypoxia condition. Overexpression of Axl may rescue endothelial cells dysfunction and HIF-1α expression through its downstream signals in high glucose/hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Pei-Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to The Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yu-Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zha Xiang-Nan
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - He Xiao-Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to The Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Sheng-Shuai
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Kun
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Cheng-Yun
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Oguntibeju OO. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 11:45-63. [PMID: 31333808 PMCID: PMC6628012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been recognised as one of the four major non-communicable diseases that demands urgent attention from all key shareholders globally in an effort to address its prevalence and associated complications. It is considered as a top 10 cause of death globally, killing about 1.6 million people worldwide and is seen as the third highest risk factor for worldwide premature mortality due to hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. There is a strong link between hyperglycaemia, hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various reports have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and that sub-clinical inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and is linked to the characteristics of metabolic syndrome which include hyperglycaemia. Oxidative stress stimulates the generation of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in turn enhances the production of reactive oxygen species. This interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation is the primary motivation for the compilation of this review. Based on previous studies, the review examines the interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation, factors promoting prevalence of diabetes mellitus, mechanisms involved in hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress with particular focus on type 2 diabetes and selected diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Carpinus turczaninowii Extract May Alleviate High Glucose-Induced Arterial Damage and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060172. [PMID: 31212679 PMCID: PMC6616550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress triggers severe vascular damage and induces an inflammatory vascular state, and is, therefore, one of the main causes of atherosclerosis. Recently, interest in the natural compound Carpinus turczaninowii has increased because of its reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether a C. turczaninowii extract was capable of attenuating high glucose-induced inflammation and arterial damage using human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (hASMCs). mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory response [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP)], and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-protein activated kinase α2 (AMPK α2)], and DNA damage [phosphorylated H2.AX (p-H2.AX)] were measured in hASMCs treated with the C. turczaninowii extracts (1 and 10 μg/mL) after being stimulated by high glucose (25 mM) or not. The C. turczaninowii extract attenuated the increased mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and CHOP in hASMCs under high glucose conditions. The expression levels of p-H2.AX and AMPK α2 induced by high glucose were also significantly decreased in response to treatment with the C. turczaninowii extract. In addition, 15 types of phenolic compounds including quercetin, myricitrin, and ellagic acid, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, were identified in the C. turczaninowii extract through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. In conclusion, C. turczaninowii may alleviate high glucose-induced inflammation and arterial damage in hASMCs, and may have potential in the treatment of hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis.
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21
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Mundi S, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Iruela-Arispe ML, De Caterina R. Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:35-52. [PMID: 29228169 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early atherosclerosis features functional and structural changes in the endothelial barrier function that affect the traffic of molecules and solutes between the vessel lumen and the vascular wall. Such changes are mechanistically related to the development of atherosclerosis. Proatherogenic stimuli and cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, all increase endothelial permeability sharing a common signalling denominator: an imbalance in the production/disposal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), broadly termed oxidative stress. Mostly as a consequence of the activation of enzymatic systems leading to ROS overproduction, proatherogenic factors lead to a pro-inflammatory status that translates in changes in gene expression and functional rearrangements, including changes in the transendothelial transport of molecules, leading to the deposition of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the subsequent infiltration of circulating leucocytes in the intima. In this review, we focus on such early changes in atherogenesis and on the concept that proatherogenic stimuli and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, by altering the endothelial barrier properties, co-ordinately trigger the accumulation of LDL in the intima and ultimately plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Mundi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marial Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, 90095, Los Angeles, USA; and
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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22
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Sales MM, de Sousa CV, de Paula Santana HA, Motta-Santos D, Barbosa LP, Santos PA, Rezende TMB, Browne RAV, de Andrade RV, Simões HG. Nitric oxide and blood pressure responses to short-term resistance training in adults with and without type-2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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23
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Koga Y, Povalko N, Inoue E, Nakamura H, Ishii A, Suzuki Y, Yoneda M, Kanda F, Kubota M, Okada H, Fujii K. Therapeutic regimen of L-arginine for MELAS: 9-year, prospective, multicenter, clinical research. J Neurol 2018; 265:2861-2874. [PMID: 30269300 PMCID: PMC6244654 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic regimen using oral and intravenous l-arginine for pediatric and adult patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Methods In the presence and absence of an ictus of stroke-like episodes within 6 h prior to efficacy assessment, we correspondingly conducted the systematic administration of oral and intravenous l-arginine to 15 and 10 patients with MELAS in two, 2-year, prospective, multicenter clinical trials at 10 medical institutions in Japan. Subsequently, patients were followed up for 7 years. The primary endpoint in the clinical trial of oral l-arginine was the MELAS scale, while that for intravenous l-arginine was the improvement rates of headache and nausea/vomiting at 2 h after completion of the initial intravenous administration. The relationships between the ictuses of stroke-like episodes and plasma arginine concentrations were examined. Results Oral l-arginine extended the interictal phase (p = 0.0625) and decreased the incidence and severity of ictuses. Intravenous l-arginine improved the rates of four major symptoms—headache, nausea/vomiting, impaired consciousness, and visual disturbance. The maximal plasma arginine concentration was 167 μmol/L when an ictus developed. Neither death nor bedriddenness occurred during the 2-year clinical trials, and the latter did not develop during the 7-year follow-up despite the progressively neurodegenerative and eventually life-threatening nature of MELAS. No treatment-related adverse events occurred, and the formulations of l-arginine were well tolerated. Conclusions The systematic administration of oral and intravenous l-arginine may be therapeutically beneficial and clinically useful for patients with MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Koga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0001, Japan.
| | - Nataliya Povalko
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0001, Japan.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Open Lab Gene and Cell Technology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Division of Medical Informatics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Nakamura
- Center for Clinical Research and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Tsukuba University School of Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoneda
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Fumio Kanda
- Department of Neurology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Okada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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High glucose-induced endothelial microparticles increase adhesion molecule expression on endothelial cells. Diabetol Int 2018; 10:143-147. [PMID: 31139533 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-018-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The experimental aim of this study was to determine, in vitro, the effects of glucose-induced EMPs on endothelial cell expression of E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and platelet cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured (3rd passage) and plated in 6-well plates at a density of 5.0 × 105 cells/condition. HUVECs were incubated with media containing either 25 mM d-glucose (concentration representing a hyperglycemic state) or 5 mM d-glucose (normoglycemic condition) for 48 h to generate EMPs. EMP identification (CD144+) and concentration were determined by flow cytometry. HUVECs (3 × 106 cells/condition) were treated with either high glucose-derived EMPs (hgEMPs) or normal glucose-derived (ngEMPs) for 24 h and surface expression of E-selectin (CD62E-PE), ICAM-1 (CD54-FITC), VCAM-1 (CD106-APC) and PECAM-1 (CD31-BV) was assessed by flow cytometry and reported as mean fluorescent intensity (MFI). Hyperglycemic-derived EMPs induced significantly higher surface expression of E-selectin (2614 ± 132 vs. 2010 ± 204 MFI), ICAM-1 (2110 ± 81 vs. 1688 ± 152 MFI), VCAM-1 (3589 ± 431 vs. 2134 ± 386) and PECAM-1 (4237 ± 395 vs. 2525 ± 269 MFI) on endothelial cells than EMPs from normoglycemic conditions. Microparticle-induced cell adhesion molecule expression provides potential novel mechanistic insight regarding the accelerated risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease associated with hyperglycemia.
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Khaksar M, Sayyari M, Rezaie J, Pouyafar A, Montazersaheb S, Rahbarghazi R. High glucose condition limited the angiogenic/cardiogenic capacity of murine cardiac progenitor cells in in vitro and in vivo milieu. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:346-356. [PMID: 30051492 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Murine c-kit+ cardiac cells were isolated and enriched by magnetic activated cell sorting technique. c-kit+ cells viability and colony-forming activity were evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assay. c-kit+ cells were exposed to endothelial, pericyte, and cardiomyocyte induction media containing 30mM glucose for 7 days. We monitored the level of endothelial (VE-cadherin, CD31, and vWF), pericyte (NG2 , α-SMA, and PDGFR-β), and cardiomyocyte markers (cTnT) using flow cytometry, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses. Ultrastructural changes were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cells treated with 5-Azacytidine and 30mM glucose. Matrigel plug assay was performed to determine the angio/cardiogenic property of c-kit+ cells in a diabetic mouse model. Glucose of 30mM decreased c-kit+ cells viability and clonogenicity (P < 0.05). The transdifferentiation capacity of c-kit+ cells into the endothelial lineage, pericytes, and cardiomyocytes were reduced through the inhibition of related genes (P < 0.05). TEM analysis revealed cardiomyocyte differentiation rate in c-kit+ cells coincided with an increased intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced number of mitochondria. Similar to in vitro condition, the angiogenic capacity of c-kit+ cells was aborted in vivo indicated by reduced NG2 , α-SMA, CD31, and vWF levels. High glucose condition reduces the angio/cardiogenic capacity of cardiac c-kit+ cells in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: High glucose condition seen in diabetes mellitus could affect the regenerative potential of cardiac tissue. The current experiment showed that the exposure of murine cardiac progenitor cells (CD117+ cells) to condition containing 30mM glucose could decrease the differentiation properties into endothelial cells, pericytes, and mature cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our finding confirmed that the angiogenic/cardiogenic potential cardiac progenitor cells decrease under treatment with high glucose content as seen in the diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Khaksar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mansour Sayyari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayda Pouyafar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Bansal S, Chopra K. Selective ER-α agonist alleviates vascular endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:152-161. [PMID: 28736253 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal diabetic women represent a specific risk group with a greater incidence of vascular deficits as compared with age-matched men or non-diabetic women. 17β-estradiol is the mainstay therapy for menopause and associated complications; however, its vasculoprotective effect is lost in women with diabetes. Although, exact mechanism of dichotomous effect of estrogen has not been delineated but it may be due to, differential activation of ER-α and β during disease conditions such as diabetes. Thus main objective of our study was to characterize the specific estrogen receptor which could be selectively targeted to achieve vasculoprotection in postmenopausal diabetic situation. A significant impairment in glycemic and lipid profile, decreased ACh-induced endothelium dependent relaxation, impaired endothelial integrity, and rise in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were observed in ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats as compared to sham rats. These markers were further correlated with aortic eNOS levels. Treatment with selective ER-α receptor agonist markedly while 17β-estradiol partially ameliorated these alterations along with enhanced aortic eNOS levels. However, ER-β agonist did not show any effect. Our data suggests that selective ER-α activation could be an important pharmacological target, to mimic the beneficial effect of estradiol in cardiovascular disorders, especially in postmenopausal diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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27
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Lemmey HAL, Ye X, Ding HC, Triggle CR, Garland CJ, Dora KA. Hyperglycaemia disrupts conducted vasodilation in the resistance vasculature of db/db mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 103-105:29-35. [PMID: 29339138 PMCID: PMC5906692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction in small resistance arteries is observed during chronic elevations in blood glucose. Hyperglycaemia-associated effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation have been well characterized, but effects on conducted vasodilation in the resistance vasculature are not known. Small mesenteric arteries were isolated from healthy and diabetic db/db mice, which were used as a model of chronic hyperglycaemia. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation via the Gq/11-coupled proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) was stimulated with the selective agonist SLIGRL. The Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator fluo-8 reported changes in endothelial cell (EC) [Ca2+]i, and triple cannulated bifurcating mesenteric arteries were used to study conducted vasodilation. Chronic hyperglycaemia did not affect either EC Ca2+ or local vasodilation to SLIGRL. However, both acute and chronic exposure to high glucose or the mannitol osmotic control attenuated conducted vasodilation to 10μM SLIGRL. This investigation demonstrates for the first time that a hypertonic solution containing glucose or mannitol can interfere with the spread of a hyperpolarizing current along the endothelium in a physiological setting. Our findings reiterate the importance of studying the effects of hyperglycaemia in the vasculature, and provide the basis for further studies regarding the modulation of junctional proteins involved in cell to cell communication by diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A L Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Hong C Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christopher R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Christopher J Garland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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Aravindhan V, Anand G. Cell Type-Specific Immunomodulation Induced by Helminthes: Effect on Metainflammation, Insulin Resistance and Type-2 Diabetes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1650-1661. [PMID: 29141759 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have documented an inverse relationship between the decreasing prevalence of helminth infections and the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases ("metabolic hygiene hypothesis"). Chronic inflammation leading to insulin resistance (IR) has now been identified as a major etiological factor for a variety of metabolic diseases other than obesity and Type-2 diabetes (metainflammation). One way by which helminth infections such as filariasis can modulate IR is by inducing a chronic, nonspecific, low-grade, immune suppression mediated by modified T-helper 2 (Th2) response (induction of both Th2 and regulatory T cells) which can in turn suppress the proinflammatory responses and promote insulin sensitivity (IS). This article provides evidence on how the cross talk between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune responses can modulate IR/sensitivity. The cross talk between innate (macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, innate lymphoid cells, basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) and adaptive (helper T [CD4+] cells, cytotoxic T [CD8+] cells and B cells) immune cells forms two opposing circuits, one associated with IR and the other associated with IS under the conditions of metabolic syndrome and helminth-mediated immunomodulation, respectively.
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29
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Tahara A, Takasu T, Yokono M, Imamura M, Kurosaki E. Characterization and comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors: Part 3. Effects on diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Cirino G, Vellecco V, Bucci M. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: the gasotransmitter paradigm of the vascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4021-4031. [PMID: 28407204 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several reviews on NO and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and their role in vascular diseases in the current relevant literature. The aim of this review is to discuss, within the limits of present knowledge, the interconnection between these two gasotransmitters in vascular function. In particular, the review focuses on the role played by the balance between the NO and H2 S pathways in either physiological or pathological conditions. The distinction between physiology and pathology has been made in order to dissect the molecular basis of this crosstalk, highlighting how and if this balance varies, depending upon the vascular status. Perspectives and possible novel therapeutic approaches are also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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31
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Padilla J, Thorne PK, Martin JS, Rector RS, Akter S, Davis JW, Laughlin MH, Jenkins NT. Transcriptomic effects of metformin in skeletal muscle arteries of obese insulin-resistant rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:617-624. [PMID: 28114814 PMCID: PMC5685263 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216689825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of metformin, a commonly used antidiabetic drug, on gene expression in multiple arteries. Specifically, transcriptional profiles of feed arteries and second branch order arterioles in the soleus, gastrocnemius, and diaphragm muscles as well as aortic endothelial scrapes were examined from obese insulin-resistant Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats treated with ( n = 9) or without ( n = 10) metformin from 20 to 32 weeks of age. Metformin-treated rats exhibited a reduction in body weight, adiposity, and HbA1c ( P < 0.05). The greatest number of differentially expressed genes (FDR < 15%) between those treated with and without metformin was found in the red gastrocnemius 2a arterioles (93 genes), followed by the diaphragm 2a arterioles (62 genes), and soleus 2a arterioles (15 genes). We also found that two genes were differentially expressed in aortic endothelial cells (LETMD1 and HMGCS2, both downregulated), one gene in the gastrocnemius feed artery (BLNK, downregulated), and no genes in the soleus and diaphragm feed arteries and white gastrocnemius 2a arterioles. No single gene was altered by metformin across all vessels examined. This study provides evidence that metformin treatment produces distinct gene expression effects throughout the arterial tree in a rat model of obesity and insulin resistance. Genes whose expression was modulated with metformin do not appear to have a clear connection with its known mechanisms of action. These findings support the notion that vascular gene regulation in response to oral pharmacological therapy, such as metformin, is vessel specific. Impact statement This study provides evidence that metformin treatment produces artery-specific gene expression effects. The genes whose expression was modulated with metformin do not appear to have a clear connection with its known mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Pamela K Thorne
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Medical Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sadia Akter
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - J Wade Davis
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Li Y, Pi QM, Wang PC, Liu LJ, Han ZG, Shao Y, Zhai Y, Zuo ZY, Gong ZY, Yang X, Wu Y. Functional human 3D microvascular networks on a chip to study the procoagulant effects of ambient fine particulate matter. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (FPM) has been thought to be associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Joseph G, Soler A, Hutcheson R, Hunter I, Bradford C, Hutcheson B, Gotlinger KH, Jiang H, Falck JR, Proctor S, Schwartzman ML, Rocic P. Elevated 20-HETE impairs coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome via endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H528-H540. [PMID: 28011587 PMCID: PMC5402017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00561.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary collateral growth (CCG) is impaired in metabolic syndrome (MetS). microRNA-145 (miR-145-Adv) delivery to our rat model of MetS (JCR) completely restored and neutrophil depletion significantly improved CCG. We determined whether low endogenous levels of miR-145 in MetS allowed for elevated production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which, in turn, resulted in excessive neutrophil accumulation and endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired CCG. Rats underwent 0-9 days of repetitive ischemia (RI). RI-induced cardiac CYP4F (neutrophil-specific 20-HETE synthase) expression and 20-HETE levels were increased (4-fold) in JCR vs. normal rats. miR-145-Adv and 20-HETE antagonists abolished and neutrophil depletion (blocking antibodies) reduced (~60%) RI-induced increases in CYP4F expression and 20-HETE production in JCR rats. Impaired CCG in JCR rats (collateral-dependent blood flow using microspheres) was completely restored by 20-HETE antagonists [collateral-dependent zone (CZ)/normal zone (NZ) flow ratio was 0.76 ± 0.07 in JCR + 20-SOLA, 0.84 ± 0.05 in JCR + 20-HEDGE vs. 0.11 ± 0.02 in JCR vs. 0.84 ± 0.03 in normal rats]. In JCR rats, elevated 20-HETE was associated with excessive expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and neutrophil infiltration, which were reversed by miR-145-Adv. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arteries, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser1179 phosphorylation, eNOS-dependent NO·- production and endothelial cell survival were compromised in JCR rats. These parameters of endothelial dysfunction were completely reversed by 20-HETE antagonism or miR-145-Adv delivery, whereas neutrophil depletion resulted in partial reversal (~70%). We conclude that low miR-145 in MetS allows for increased 20-HETE, mainly from neutrophils, which compromises endothelial cell survival and function leading to impaired CCG. 20-HETE antagonists could provide viable therapy for restoration of CCG in MetS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elevated 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) impairs coronary collateral growth (CCG) in metabolic syndrome by eliciting endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis via excessive neutrophil infiltration. 20-HETE antagonists completely restore coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome. microRNA-145 (miR-145) is an upstream regulator of 20-HETE production in metabolic syndrome; low expression of miR-145 in metabolic syndrome promotes elevated production of 20-HETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Amanda Soler
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rebecca Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ian Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Brenda Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - Houli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - Spencer Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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Berberine Protects Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells against LPS-Induced Apoptosis by Blocking JNK-Mediated Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6983956. [PMID: 27478481 PMCID: PMC4961818 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6983956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical factor during the initiation of atherosclerosis. Berberine has a beneficial effect on endothelial function; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of berberine on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect. The effects of berberine on LPS-induced cell apoptosis and viability were measured with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The expression and/or activation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins or signaling pathways, including caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, were determined with western blotting. The malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and production of proinflammatory cytokines were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results demonstrated that berberine pretreatment protected HUVECs from LPS-induced apoptosis, attenuated LPS-induced injury, inhibited LPS-induced JNK phosphorylation, increased MCL-1 expression and SOD activity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. The effects of berberine on LPS-treated HUVECs were prevented by SP600125, a JNK-specific inhibitor. Thus, berberine might be a potential candidate in the treatment of endothelial cell injury-related vascular diseases.
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Köhler R, Oliván-Viguera A, Wulff H. Endothelial Small- and Intermediate-Conductance K Channels and Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization as Drug Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:65-104. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Janowska J, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M, Semik-Grabarczyk E, Zahorska-Markiewicz B. Interdependencies among Selected Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction, C-Peptide, Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-10 and Glucose Metabolism Disturbance in Obese Women. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:490-9. [PMID: 27429585 PMCID: PMC4946119 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently increasing importance is attributed to the inflammatory process as a crucial factor responsible for the progressive damage to vascular walls and progression of atherosclerosis in obese people. We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studied group consisted of 61 obese women, and 20 normal weight, healthy volunteers. Obese patients were spited in subgroups based on the degree of glucose metabolism disorder. Serum samples were analyzed using ELISA kits. RESULTS Increased concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, CCL2 and CRP were found in all obese groups compared to the normal weight subjects. In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parameters characterizing the degree of obesity significantly positively correlated with levels of CRP and CCL2. Significant relationships were found between levels of glucose and sICAM-1and also E-selectin and HOMA-IR. C-peptide levels are positively associated with CCL2, E-selectin, triglycerides levels, and inversely with IL-10 levels in newly diagnosed T2DM group (p<0.05). Concentrations of IL-10 correlated negatively with E-selectin, CCL2, C-peptide levels, and HOMA-IR in T2DM group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Disturbed lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are manifested by enhanced inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with simply obesity. These disturbances are associates with an increase of adhesion molecules. The results suggest the probable active participation of higher concentrations of C-peptide in the intensification of inflammatory and atherogenic processes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, altered serum concentrations of Il-10 seems to be dependent on the degree of insulin resistance and proinflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Janowska
- 1. Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- 1. Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- 2. Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Semik-Grabarczyk
- 3. Department of Internal, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
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Taguchi K, Hida M, Hasegawa M, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Dietary polyphenol morin rescues endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic mouse model by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:580-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mari Hida
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mami Hasegawa
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
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Sharma A, Sellers S, Stefanovic N, Leung C, Tan SM, Huet O, Granville DJ, Cooper ME, de Haan JB, Bernatchez P. Direct Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Provides Atheroprotection in Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis. Diabetes 2015; 64:3937-50. [PMID: 26116699 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by the lowered bioavailability of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-derived NO, is a critical inducer of atherosclerosis. However, the protective aspect of eNOS in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis remains controversial, a likely consequence of its capacity to release both protective NO or deleterious oxygen radicals in normal and disease settings, respectively. Harnessing the atheroprotective activity of eNOS in diabetic settings remains elusive, in part due to the lack of endogenous eNOS-specific NO release activators. We have recently shown in vitro that eNOS-derived NO release can be increased by blocking its binding to Caveolin-1, the main coat protein of caveolae, using a highly specific peptide, CavNOxin. However, whether targeting eNOS using this peptide can attenuate diabetes-associated atherosclerosis is unknown. In this study, we show that CavNOxin can attenuate atherosclerotic burden by ∼84% in vivo. In contrast, mice lacking eNOS show resistance to CavNOxin treatment, indicating eNOS specificity. Mechanistically, CavNOxin lowered oxidative stress markers, inhibited the expression of proatherogenic mediators, and blocked leukocyte-endothelial interactions. These data are the first to show that endogenous eNOS activation can provide atheroprotection in diabetes and suggest that CavNOxin is a viable strategy for the development of antiatherosclerotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Sellers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nada Stefanovic
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cleo Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivier Huet
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Granville
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Diabetic Complications Division, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Liu H, Liu L, Wei Q, Cui J, Yan C, Wang X, Wu Y. Xiaokening stimulates endothelial nitric oxide release in diabetic rats. Singapore Med J 2015; 56:401-6. [PMID: 26243977 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus induces microangiopathic changes that lead to endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the effect of Xiaokening, a type of Chinese compound medicine, on the mesenteric arteriolar endothelial cell function of diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced in rat models via intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin and observed over three weeks. Mesenteric arterioles, which were isolated in a cannulated and pressurised state, were incubated with intravascular injections of 1, 3 or 5 g/L Xiaokening for 24, 48 or 72 hours. The effects of Xiaokening on the release of nitric oxide (NO) on the mesenteric arterioles were detected under shear stress of 1, 10 and 20 dyn/cm(2). Biochemical methods were used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), SOD and XO in the mesenteric arterioles were assessed using Western blot. RESULTS Compared to normal rat arterioles, less NO was released in the mesenteric arterioles of diabetic rats. Xiaokening was found to have a concentration- and time-dependent effect on NO release; when the shear stress was increased, there was a gradual increase in the release of NO. Compared to normal arterioles, the expression of eNOS in the mesenteric arterioles of diabetic rats was lower. Incubation with Xiaokening increased SOD activity and expression, and decreased XO activity and expression in the mesenteric arterioles of the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Xiaokening was able to significantly increase NO release and improve the endothelial function of mesenteric arterioles through antioxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Qunli Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Changdong Yan
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
| | - Yongping Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical College, China
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Hutcheson R, Terry R, Hutcheson B, Jadhav R, Chaplin J, Smith E, Barrington R, Proctor SD, Rocic P. miR-21-mediated decreased neutrophil apoptosis is a determinant of impaired coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1323-35. [PMID: 25840830 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00654.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary collateral growth (CCG) is impaired in metabolic syndrome. microRNA-21 (miR-21) is a proproliferative and antiapoptotic miR, which we showed to be elevated in metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate whether impaired CCG in metabolic syndrome involved miR-21-mediated aberrant apoptosis. Normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) and metabolic syndrome [J. C. Russel (JCR)] rats underwent transient, repetitive coronary artery occlusion [repetitive ischemia (RI)]. Antiapoptotic Bcl-2, phospho-Bad, and Bcl-2/Bax dimers were increased on days 6 and 9 RI, and proapoptotic Bax and Bax/Bax dimers and cytochrome-c release concurrently decreased in JCR versus SD rats. Active caspases were decreased in JCR versus SD rats (~50%). Neutrophils increased transiently on day 3 RI in the collateral-dependent zone of SD rats but remained elevated in JCR rats, paralleling miR-21 expression. miR-21 downregulation by anti-miR-21 induced neutrophil apoptosis and decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax dimers (~75%) while increasing Bax/Bax dimers, cytochrome-c release, and caspase activation (~70, 400, and 400%). Anti-miR-21 also improved CCG in JCR rats (~60%). Preventing neutrophil infiltration with blocking antibodies resulted in equivalent CCG recovery, confirming a major role for deregulated neutrophil apoptosis in CCG impairment. Neutrophil and miR-21-dependent CCG inhibition was in significant part mediated by increased oxidative stress. We conclude that neutrophil apoptosis is integral to normal CCG and that inappropriate prolonged miR-21-mediated survival of neutrophils plays a major role in impaired CCG, in part via oxidative stress generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Russell Terry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Brenda Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rashmi Jadhav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Chaplin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Erika Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Robert Barrington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Petra Rocic
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;
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Stepniewski J, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Ogrocki D, Szopa M, Matlok M, Beilharz M, Dyduch G, Malecki MT, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Induced pluripotent stem cells as a model for diabetes investigation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8597. [PMID: 25716801 PMCID: PMC4341212 DOI: 10.1038/srep08597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may represent a novel approach for modeling diabetes. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this study was to generate and evaluate differentiation potential of iPSCs from lepdb/db (db/db) mice, the model of diabetes type 2 as well as from patients with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young 3 (HNF1A MODY). Murine iPSC colonies from both wild type and db/db mice were positive for markers of pluripotency: Oct3/4A, Nanog, SSEA1, CDy1 and alkaline phosphatase and differentiated in vitro and in vivo into cells originating from three germ layers. However, our results suggest impaired differentiation of db/db cells into endothelial progenitor-like cells expressing CD34 and Tie2 markers and their reduced angiogenic potential. Human control and HNF1A MODY reprogrammed cells also expressed pluripotency markers: OCT3/4A, SSEA4, TRA-1–60, TRA-1-81, formed embryoid bodies (EBs) and differentiated into cells of three germ layers. Additionally, insulin expressing cells were obtained from those partially reprogrammed cells with direct as well as EB-mediated differentiation method. Our findings indicate that disease-specific iPSCs may help to better understand the mechanisms responsible for defective insulin production or vascular dysfunction upon differentiation toward cell types affected by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stepniewski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - N Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Ogrocki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Szopa
- 1] Clinic of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland [2] University Hospital Krakow Poland
| | - M Matlok
- II Clinic of General Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Beilharz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - G Dyduch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - M T Malecki
- 1] Clinic of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland [2] University Hospital Krakow Poland
| | - A Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Dulak
- 1] Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland [2] Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland
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Karoline de Morais P, Sales MM, Alves de Almeida J, Motta-Santos D, Victor de Sousa C, Simões HG. Effects of aerobic exercise intensity on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes and prehypertension. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:51-6. [PMID: 25642036 PMCID: PMC4305596 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To verify the effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise on 24-hour
ambulatory blood pressure (BP) responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2D) and prehypertension. [Subjects and Methods] Ten individuals with T2D and
prehypertension (55.8 ± 7.7 years old; blood glucose 133.0 ± 36.7 mg·dL−1 and
awake BP 130.6 ± 1.6/ 80.5 ± 1.8 mmHg) completed three randomly assigned experiments:
non-exercise control (CON) and exercise at moderate (MOD) and maximal (MAX) intensities.
Heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentrations ([Lac]), oxygen uptake (VO2),
and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during the experimental
sessions, and during the 60 min recovery period. After this period, ambulatory blood
pressure was monitored for 24 h. [Results] The results indicate that [Lac] (MAX: 6.7±2.0
vs. MOD: 3.8±1.2 mM), RPE (MAX: 19±1.3 vs. MOD: 11±2.3) and VO2peak (MAX:
20.2±4.1 vs. MOD: 14.0±3.0 mL·kg−1·min−1) were highest following the
MAX session. Compared with CON, only MAX elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted
for 8 h after exercise and during sleep. [Conclusion] A single session of aerobic exercise
resulted in 24 h BP reductions in individuals with T2D, especially while sleeping, and
this reduction seems to be dependent on the intensity of the exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella Karoline de Morais
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Magalhães Sales
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caio Victor de Sousa
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
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Hung CN, Huang HP, Wang CJ, Liu KL, Lii CK. Sulforaphane inhibits TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression through the Rho A/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Med Food 2014; 17:1095-102. [PMID: 25238321 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of cardiovascular diseases. Increased stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) triggers the inflammatory mediator secretion of endothelial cells, leading to atherosclerotic risk. In this study, we investigated whether sulforaphane (SFN) affected the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in TNF-α-induced ECV 304 endothelial cells. Our data showed that SFN attenuated TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 in ECV 304 cells. Pretreatment of ECV 304 cells with SFN inhibited dose-dependently the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. SFN inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity. Furthermore, SFN decreased TNF-α-mediated phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκBα, Rho A, ROCK, ERK1/2, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. Collectively, SFN inhibited the NF-κB DNA binding activity and downregulated the TNF-α-mediated induction of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells by inhibiting the Rho A/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting the beneficial effects of SFN on suppression of inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Nan Hung
- 1 Department of Holistic Wellness, Ming Dao University , ChangHua, Taiwan
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Lipskaia L, Hadri L, Lopez JJ, Hajjar RJ, Bobe R. Benefit of SERCA2a gene transfer to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells: a new aspect in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2014; 11:465-79. [PMID: 23905641 DOI: 10.2174/1570161111311040010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great progress in cardiovascular health and clinical care along with marked decline in morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading causes of death and disability in the developed world. New therapeutic approaches, targeting not only systematic but also causal dysfunction, are ultimately needed to provide a valuable alternative for treatment of complex cardiovascular diseases. In heart failure, there are currently a number of trials that have been either completed or are ongoing targeting the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump (SERCA2a) gene transfer in the context of heart failure. Recently, a phase 2 trial was completed, demonstrating safety and suggested benefit of adeno-associated virus type 1/SERCA2a gene transfer in advanced heart failure, supporting larger confirmatory trials. The experimental and clinical data suggest that, when administrated through perfusion, virus vector carrying SERCA2a can also transduce vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells (EC and SMC) thereby improving the clinical benefit of gene therapy. Indeed, recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of vascular dysfunction point towards a reduction of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and an impairment of Ca2+ cycling in vascular EC and SMC from patients and preclinical models with cardiac diseases or with cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery diseases, as well as other conditions such as pulmonary hypertension. In recent years, several studies have established that SERCA2a gene-based therapy could be an efficient option to treat vascular dysfunction. This review focuses on the recent finding showing the beneficial effects of SERCA2a gene transfer in vascular EC and SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lipskaia
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Barthelmes D, Zhu L, Shen W, Gillies MC, Irhimeh MR. Differential gene expression in Lin-/VEGF-R2+ bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells isolated from diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:42. [PMID: 24521356 PMCID: PMC3926942 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is known to impair the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in the circulation, causing structural and functional alterations in the micro- and macro-vasculature. The aim of this study was to identify early diabetes-related changes in the expression of genes that have been reported to be closely involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration and function. METHODS Based on review of current literature, this study examined the expression level of 35 genes that are known to be involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration and function in magnetically sorted Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells obtained from the bone marrow of Akita mice in the early stages of diabetes (18 weeks) using RT-PCR and Western blotting. We used the Shapiro-Wilk and D'Agostino & Pearson Omnibus tests to assess normality. Differences between groups were evaluated by Student's t-test for normally distributed data (including Welch correction in cases of unequal variances) or Mann-Whitney test for not normally distributed data. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in the number of Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells within the bone marrow in diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic mice. Two genes, SDF-1 and SELE, were significantly differentially expressed in diabetic Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells and six other genes, CAV1, eNOS, CLDN5, NANOG, OCLN and BDNF, showed very low levels of expression in diabetic Lin-/VEGF-R2+ progenitor cells. CONCLUSION Low SDF-1 expression may contribute to the dysfunctional mobilization of bone marrow Lin-/VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells, which may contribute to microvascular injury in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad R Irhimeh
- Save Sight Institute, Level 1, South Block Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
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Kim HS, Shin JA, Lee SH, Kim ES, Cho JH, Son HY, Yoon KH. A comparative study of the effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor and sulfonylurea on glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control on metformin. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15:810-6. [PMID: 24050737 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2013.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the effects of sitagliptin on glycemic change and 24-h blood glucose variability with those of the sulfonylurea glimepiride. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A 4-week randomized double blind-labeled prospective design was used. We recruited 33 patients who had been treated with metformin for at least 2 months. Each participant prescribed with metformin was randomly assigned to either the sitagliptin (100 mg) or the glimepiride (2 mg) group. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to monitor glycemic changes for 3 successive days in both groups at baseline and at the 4-week follow-up. Glycemic changes and glucose variability were obtained using CGM, and these data were averaged over all subjects. RESULTS The comparison of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between baseline and the 4-week follow-up showed that HbA1c was significantly reduced in the sitagliptin group (7.0 ± 0.5% to 6.6 ± 0.4%, P<0.001) and the glimepiride group (7.3 ± 0.4% to 6.9 ± 0.4%, P<0.001). The sitagliptin and glimepiride groups had similar HbA1c levels after 4 weeks, and there were no significant differences between the two groups. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) decreased significantly in the sitagliptin group (4.9 ± 1.0 to 3.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L, P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the glimepiride group (5.7 ± 1.5 to 5.0 ± 1.4 mmol/L, P=0.175). The SD and oxidative stress markers did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS When sitagliptin was combined with metformin, the patients showed much more efficient blood glucose controlling effects, not only the three indexes of fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin, but also MAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Sung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
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Cilostazol protects vessels against hyperglycemic injury and accelerates healing after implantation of drug-eluting stent in a type 1 diabetes mellitus rat aorta stent model. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:332-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kassan M, Choi SK, Galán M, Bishop A, Umezawa K, Trebak M, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Enhanced NF-κB activity impairs vascular function through PARP-1-, SP-1-, and COX-2-dependent mechanisms in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:2078-87. [PMID: 23349490 PMCID: PMC3661639 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling contributes to vascular dysfunction in T2D. We treated type 2 diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and control (db(-)/db(+)) mice with two NF-κB inhibitors (6 mg/kg dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin twice a week and 500 μg/kg/day IKK-NBD peptide) for 4 weeks. Pressure-induced myogenic tone was significantly potentiated, while endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was impaired in small coronary arterioles and mesenteric resistance artery from diabetic mice compared with controls. Interestingly, diabetic mice treated with NF-κB inhibitors had significantly reduced myogenic tone potentiation and improved EDR. Importantly, vascular function was also rescued in db(-)/db(-p50NF-κB-/-) and db(-)/db(-PARP-1-/-) double knockout mice compared with db(-)/db(-) mice. Additionally, the acute in vitro downregulation of NF-κB-p65 using p65NF-κB short hairpin RNA lentivirus in arteries from db(-)/db(-) mice also improved vascular function. The NF-κB inhibition did not affect blood glucose level or body weight. The RNA levels for Sp-1 and eNOS phosphorylation were decreased, while p65NF-κB phosphorylation, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression were increased in arteries from diabetic mice, which were restored after NF-κB inhibition and in db(-)/db(-p50NF-κB-/-) and db(-)/db(-PARP-1-/-) mice. In the current study, we provided evidence that enhanced NF-κB activity impairs vascular function by PARP-1-, Sp-1-, and COX-2-dependent mechanisms in male type 2 diabetic mice. Therefore, NF-κB could be a potential target to overcome diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Maria Galán
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alexander Bishop
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Souad Belmadani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
- Corresponding author: Khalid Matrougui, , or Souad Belmadani,
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia School of Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia
- Corresponding author: Khalid Matrougui, , or Souad Belmadani,
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Irons BK, Trujillo A, Seifert CF, Simoni JS, Doctolero S, Abo-Salem E, Meyerrose GE. Effects of direct renin inhibition on atherosclerotic biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18:427-32. [PMID: 23695772 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413489772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, has a more favorable effect compared to amlodipine on atherosclerotic biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes currently receiving standard secondary prevention therapy. METHODS A total of 38 patients were randomly assigned initially to either aliskiren (150 mg daily) or amlodipine (5 mg daily) for 2 weeks after which the dose of either medication was increased to its maximum daily dose for 4 additional weeks. Baseline and 6-week blood samples were analyzed for changes from baseline and between treatment groups for vascular and intracellular cell adhesion molecule, C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, 8-isoprostane, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. RESULTS Thirty-one patients completed the study. More of the dropouts occurred in patients receiving aliskiren. Systolic blood pressure decreased in both treatment arms with no differences between the groups being noted. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, nitric oxide, and C-reactive protein concentrations increased in both groups from baseline but changes from baseline or between groups were not significant. Vascular and intracellular cell adhesion molecule, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and isoprostane concentrations decreased in each treatment arm from baseline, but these changes were not significant and no differences were noted between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with either aliskiren or amlodipine did not significantly alter surrogate biomarkers of atherosclerosis in patients with both diabetes and established cardiovascular disease already receiving appropriate secondary cardiovascular prevention therapy. The study is limited in its size and duration to see an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Irons
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center-School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Giles TD, Sander GE, Nossaman BD, Kadowitz PJ. Impaired vasodilation in the pathogenesis of hypertension: focus on nitric oxide, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors, and prostaglandins. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2012; 14:198-205. [PMID: 22458740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Under resting conditions the arterial vasculature exists in a vasoconstricted state referred to as vascular tone. Physiological dilatation in response to increased flow, a function of normal endothelium is necessary to maintain normal blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle cells thus results in loss of normal vasorelaxant function and the inability of arteries to appropriately dilate in response to increased blood flow in either a systemic or regional vascular bed, resulting in increased blood pressure, a sequence that may represent a common pathway to hypertension. Normal vasorelaxation is mediated by a number of endothelial systems including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PGI2 and PGE2), and a family of endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHF). In response to hemodynamic shear stress, endothelium continuously releases NO, EDHF, and PGI2 to provide vasodilatation. EDHF, not a single molecule but rather a group of molecules that includes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydrogen peroxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, C-natriuretic peptide, and K+ itself, causes vasodilatation by activation of vascular smooth muscle cell K+ channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and thus vasorelaxation. The understanding and effective management of blood pressure requires an understanding of both physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation of vascular tone. This review describes molecular mechanisms underlying normal endothelial regulation and pathological states, such as increased oxidative stress, which cause loss of vasorelaxation. Possible pharmacological interventions to restore normal function are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Giles
- Heart & Vascular Institute, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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