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Royster A, Ren S, Ali S, Mir S, Mir M. Modulations in the host cell proteome by the hantavirus nucleocapsid protein. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011925. [PMID: 38190410 PMCID: PMC10798635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses have evolved a unique translation strategy to boost the translation of viral mRNA in infected cells. Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (NP) binds to the viral mRNA 5' UTR and the 40S ribosomal subunit via the ribosomal protein S19. NP associated ribosomes are selectively loaded on viral transcripts to boost their translation. Here we demonstrate that NP expression upregulated the steady-state levels of a subset of host cell factors primarily involved in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Detailed investigation of Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), one of the upregulated host factors, in both transfected and virus infected cells revealed that NP with the assistance of VCP mRNA 5' UTR facilitates the translation of downstream VCP ORF. The VCP mRNA contains a 5' UTR of 987 nucleotides harboring six unusual start codons upstream of the correct start codon for VCP which is located at 988th position from the 5' cap. In vitro translation of a GFP reporter transcript harboring the VCP mRNA 5' UTR generated both GFP and a short polypeptide of ~14 KDa by translation initiation from start codon located in the 5' UTR at 542nd position from the 5' cap. The translation initiation from 542nd AUG in the UTR sequence was confirmed in cells using a dual reporter construct expressing mCherry and GFP. The synthesis of 14KDa polypeptide dramatically inhibited the translation of the ORF from the downstream correct start codon at 988th position from the 5' cap. We report that purified NP binds to the VCP mRNA 5' UTR with high affinity and NP binding site is located close to the 542ndAUG. NP binding shuts down the translation of 14KDa polypeptide which then facilitates the translation initiation at the correct AUG codon. Knockdown of VCP generated lower levels of poorly infectious hantavirus particle in the cellular cytoplasm whose egress was dramatically inhibited in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We demonstrated that VCP binds to the hantavirus glycoprotein Gn before its incorporation into assembled virions and facilitates viral spread to neighboring cells during infection. Our results suggest that ribosome engagement at the 542nd AUG codon in the 5' UTR likely regulates the endogenous steady state levels of VCP in cells. Hantaviruses interrupt this regulatory mechanism to enhance the steady state levels of VCP in virus infected cells. This augmentation facilitates virus replication, supports the transmission of the virus to adjacent cells, and promotes the release of infectious virus particles from the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Royster
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Songyang Ren
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Saima Ali
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Sheema Mir
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Mir
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
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2
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Afzal S, Ali L, Batool A, Afzal M, Kanwal N, Hassan M, Safdar M, Ahmad A, Yang J. Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233433. [PMID: 37901807 PMCID: PMC10601933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are a significant and emerging global public health threat, impacting more than 200,000 individuals worldwide each year. The single-stranded RNA viruses belong to the Hantaviridae family and are responsible for causing two acute febrile diseases in humans: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, there are no licensed treatments or vaccines available globally for HTNV infection. Various candidate drugs have shown efficacy in increasing survival rates during the early stages of HTNV infection. Some of these drugs include lactoferrin, ribavirin, ETAR, favipiravir and vandetanib. Immunotherapy utilizing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) generated from Hantavirus convalescent patients show efficacy against HTNV. Monoclonal antibodies such as MIB22 and JL16 have demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against HTNV infection. The development of vaccines and antivirals, used independently and/or in combination, is critical for elucidating hantaviral infections and the impact on public health. RNA interference (RNAi) arised as an emerging antiviral therapy, is a highly specific degrades RNA, with post-transcriptional mechanism using eukaryotic cells platform. That has demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of viruses, both in vitro and in vivo. Recent antiviral methods involve using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and other, immune-based therapies to target specific gene segments (S, M, or L) of the Hantavirus. This therapeutic approach enhances viral RNA clearance through the RNA interference process in Vero E6 cells or human lung microvascular endothelial cells. However, the use of siRNAs faces challenges due to their low biological stability and limited in vivo targeting ability. Despite their successful inhibition of Hantavirus replication in host cells, their antiviral efficacy may be hindered. In the current review, we focus on advances in therapeutic strategies, as antiviral medications, immune-based therapies and vaccine candidates aimed at enhancing the body's ability to control the progression of Hantavirus infections, with the potential to reduce the risk of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Afzal
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Batool
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Momina Afzal
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nida Kanwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Atif Ahmad
- CEMB, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jing Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Zhao HD, Sun JJ, Liu HL. Potential clinical biomarkers in monitoring the severity of Hantaan virus infection. Cytokine 2023; 170:156340. [PMID: 37607412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Hantavirus, which causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is almost prevalent worldwide. While Hantaan virus (HTNV) causes the most severe form of HFRS with typical clinical manifestations of thrombocytopenia, increased vascular permeability, and acute kidney injury. Although the knowledge of the pathogenesis of HFRS is still limited, immune dysfunction and pathological damage caused by disorders of immune regulation are proposed to play a vital role in the development of the disorder, and the endothelium is considered to be the primary target of hantaviruses. Here, we reviewed the production and function of multiple molecules, mainly focusing on their role in immune response, endothelium, vascular permeability regulation, and platelet and coagulation activation which are closely related to the pathogenesis of HTNV infection. meanwhile, the relationship between these molecules and characteristics of HTNV infection including the hospital duration, immune dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and acute kidney injury are also presented, to provide a novel insight into the potential role of these molecules as monitoring markers for HTNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Dong Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Virology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases, The Eighth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ju-Jun Sun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) Guang-Ren Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710004, China.
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4
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He S, Han Q, Wang X, Zhang X, Li N, Liu Z. Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio at admission can predict the prognosis of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29126. [PMID: 37786231 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Early indicators are needed to predict the prognosis of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) has been shown to be related to mortality risk of patients with various diseases. This study evaluated the prognostic value of APRI and other inflammatory scores in HFRS patients. Data of hospitalized HFRS patients from a tertiary hospital in northwest China were collected and the inflammatory scores such as APRI and neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) were calculated at the day of patient admission. Independent factors related to the survival of patients were determined by multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for quantification. Of the 317 HFRS patients included in study, 15 patients died. Age (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16, p = 0.001), NLR (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.19, p = 0.01), and APRI (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.10, p = 0.001) were quantitative objective factors independently associated with the survival of patients. APRI had an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-1.00, p < 0.001) for predicting the prognosis of patients, with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 86.8%. The performance of APRI was better than that of age or NLR. Patients with an APRI ≥ 6.15 had significantly decreased survival compared with those with an APRI < 6.15. In conclusion, this simple index APRI calculated at admission can serve as a biomarker to identify HFRS patients at risk of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Postgraduate Department, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Gu SH, Miñarro M, Feliu C, Hugot JP, Forrester NL, Weaver SC, Yanagihara R. Multiple Lineages of Hantaviruses Harbored by the Iberian Mole ( Talpa occidentalis) in Spain. Viruses 2023; 15:1313. [PMID: 37376613 DOI: 10.3390/v15061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent detection of both Nova virus (NVAV) and Bruges virus (BRGV) in European moles (Talpa europaea) in Belgium and Germany prompted a search for related hantaviruses in the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis). RNAlater®-preserved lung tissue from 106 Iberian moles, collected during January 2011 to June 2014 in Asturias, Spain, were analyzed for hantavirus RNA by nested/hemi-nested RT-PCR. Pairwise alignment and comparison of partial L-segment sequences, detected in 11 Iberian moles from four parishes, indicated the circulation of genetically distinct hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, demonstrated three distinct hantaviruses in Iberian moles: NVAV, BRGV, and a new hantavirus, designated Asturias virus (ASTV). Of the cDNA from seven infected moles processed for next generation sequencing using Illumina HiSeq1500, one produced viable contigs, spanning the S, M and L segments of ASTV. The original view that each hantavirus species is harbored by a single small-mammal host species is now known to be invalid. Host-switching or cross-species transmission events, as well as reassortment, have shaped the complex evolutionary history and phylogeography of hantaviruses such that some hantavirus species are hosted by multiple reservoir species, and conversely, some host species harbor more than one hantavirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hun Gu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Marcos Miñarro
- Department of Horticultural and Forestry Crops, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Carlos Feliu
- Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- Department of Systematics and Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Kikuchi F, Arai S, Hejduk J, Hayashi A, Markowski J, Markowski M, Rychlik L, Khodzinskyi V, Kamiya H, Mizutani T, Suzuki M, Sikorska B, Liberski PP, Yanagihara R. Phylogeny of Shrew- and Mole-Borne Hantaviruses in Poland and Ukraine. Viruses 2023; 15:881. [PMID: 37112861 PMCID: PMC10145205 DOI: 10.3390/v15040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier, we demonstrated the co-circulation of genetically distinct non-rodent-borne hantaviruses, including Boginia virus (BOGV) in the Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens), Seewis virus (SWSV) in the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus) and Nova virus (NVAV) in the European mole (Talpa europaea), in central Poland. To further investigate the phylogeny of hantaviruses harbored by soricid and talpid reservoir hosts, we analyzed RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues from 320 shrews and 26 moles, both captured during 1990-2017 across Poland, and 10 European moles from Ukraine for hantavirus RNA through RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. SWSV and Altai virus (ALTV) were detected in Sorex araneus and Sorex minutus in Boginia and the Białowieża Forest, respectively, and NVAV was detected in Talpa europaea in Huta Dłutowska, Poland, and in Lviv, Ukraine. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods showed geography-specific lineages of SWSV in Poland and elsewhere in Eurasia and of NVAV in Poland and Ukraine. The ATLV strain in Sorex minutus from the Białowieża Forest on the Polish-Belarusian border was distantly related to the ATLV strain previously reported in Sorex minutus from Chmiel in southeastern Poland. Overall, the gene phylogenies found support long-standing host-specific adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Kikuchi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoru Arai
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Janusz Hejduk
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ai Hayashi
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Janusz Markowski
- Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Markowski
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Leszek Rychlik
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Vasyl Khodzinskyi
- Institute of Forestry and Park Gardening, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł P. Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, 92-216 Łódź, Poland
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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Kuhn JH, Schmaljohn CS. A Brief History of Bunyaviral Family Hantaviridae. Diseases 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 36975587 PMCID: PMC10047430 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of Hantaan virus as an etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in South Korea in 1978 led to identification of related pathogenic and nonpathogenic rodent-borne viruses in Asia and Europe. Their global distribution was recognized in 1993 after connecting newly discovered relatives of these viruses to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas. The 1971 description of the shrew-infecting Hantaan-virus-like Thottapalayam virus was long considered an anomaly. Today, this virus and many others that infect eulipotyphlans, bats, fish, rodents, and reptiles are classified among several genera in the continuously expanding family Hantaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Connie S. Schmaljohn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Li R, Sun J, Chen Y, Fan X, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang K, Han Q, Liu Z. Clinical and laboratory features and factors predicting disease severity in pediatric patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28339. [PMID: 36418181 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The clinical features and factors associated with disease severity in children with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) have not been well characterized. This study analyzed the clinical and laboratory factors associated with disease severity in children with HFRS caused by Hantaan virus. Data in pediatric patients with HFRS were retrospectively collected from Xi'an Children's Hospital over a 9-year period. Independent factors associated with disease severity were identified. Nomogram predicting disease severity was constructed based on variables filtered by feature selection. In total, 206 children with HFRS were studied. Fever, digestive tract symptoms, headache, backache, bleeding, and renal injury signs were the common symptoms. Elevated white blood cell, reduced platelet, hematuria, proteinuria, coagulation abnormalities, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and procalcitonin (PCT), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and low serum Na+ , Cl- , and Ca2+ were the common laboratory findings. In the 206 patients, 21 patients had critical type disease and 4 patients (1.9%) died. Hydrothorax, hypotension and cerebral edema/cerebral herniation at hospital admission were independent clinical characteristics, and neutrophil %, prothrombin activity, PCT, BUN, and Ca2+ at hospital admission were independent laboratory factors associated with critical disease. Feature selection identified BUN, PCT and prothrombin time as independent factors related to critical disease. A nomogram integrating BUN and PCT at admission was constructed and calibration showed high accuracy for the probability prediction of critical disease. In conclusion, this study characterized the clinical and laboratory features and constructed a nomogram predicting disease severity in pediatric HFRS, providing references for disease severity evaluation in managing children HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingkang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Hospitalized Patients with Acute Puumala Orthohantavirus Infection Do Not Associate with Disease Severity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050901. [PMID: 35632643 PMCID: PMC9143849 DOI: 10.3390/v14050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), is an acute febrile illness caused by Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV). NE manifests typically with acute kidney injury (AKI), with a case fatality rate of about 0.1%. The treatment and management of hantavirus infections are mainly supportive, although neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and immune sera therapeutics are under investigation. In order to assess the potential use of antibody therapeutics in NE, we sought to determine the relationship between circulating PUUV neutralizing antibodies, PUUV nucleocapsid protein (N) IgG antibodies, and viral loads with markers of disease severity. The study included serum samples of extensively characterized patient cohorts (n = 116) from Tampere University Hospital, Finland. The results showed that upon hospitalization, most patients already had considerable neutralizing and anti-PUUV-N IgG antibody levels. However, contrary to expectations, neutralizing antibody titers from the first day of hospitalization did not appear to protect from AKI or correlate with more favorable disease outcomes. This indicates that further studies are needed to investigate the applicability of neutralizing antibodies as a therapy for hospitalized NE patients.
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Kabwe E, Al Sheikh W, Shamsutdinov AF, Ismagilova RK, Martynova EV, Ohlopkova OV, Yurchenko YA, Savitskaya TA, Isaeva GS, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA, Morzunov SP, Davidyuk YN. Analysis of Puumala orthohantavirus Genome Variants Identified in the Territories of Volga Federal District. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7030046. [PMID: 35324593 PMCID: PMC8952242 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease commonly diagnosed in the Volga Federal District (VFD). HFRS is caused by Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), and this virus is usually detected in bank voles as its natural host (Myodes glareolus). The PUUV genome is composed of the single-stranded, negative-sense RNA containing three segments. The goal of the current study is to identify genome variants of PUUV strains circulating in bank voles captured in the Udmurt Republic (UR) and Ulyanovsk region (ULR). The comparative and phylogenetic analysis of PUUV strains revealed that strains from Varaksino site UR are closely related to strains previously identified in the Pre-Kama area of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), whilst strains from Kurlan and Mullovka sites ULR are similar to strains from the Trans-Kama area of the RT. It was also found that Barysh ULR strains form a separate distinct group phylogenetically equidistant from Varaksino and Kurlan−Mullovka groups. The identified groups of strains can be considered as separate sub-lineages in the PUUV Russian genetic lineage. In addition, the genomes of the strains from the UR, most likely, were formed as a result of reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kabwe
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (T.A.S.); (G.S.I.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (Y.N.D.)
| | - Walaa Al Sheikh
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Anton F. Shamsutdinov
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Ruzilya K. Ismagilova
- OpenLab “Omics Technology”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina V. Martynova
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Olesia V. Ohlopkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor, World-Class Genomic Research Center for Biological Safety and Technological Independence, Federal Scientific and Technical Program on the Development of Genetic Technologies, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia;
| | - Yuri A. Yurchenko
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center for Novosibirsk Region, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Savitskaya
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (T.A.S.); (G.S.I.)
| | - Guzel S. Isaeva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (T.A.S.); (G.S.I.)
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Sergey P. Morzunov
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yuriy N. Davidyuk
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies ”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (W.A.S.); (A.F.S.); (E.V.M.); (S.F.K.); (A.A.R.); (S.P.M.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (Y.N.D.)
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11
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Tariq M, Kim DM. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: Literature Review, Epidemiology, Clinical Picture and Pathogenesis. Infect Chemother 2022; 54:1-19. [PMID: 35384417 PMCID: PMC8987181 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses can cause two types of infections in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. The old world hantaviruses, primarily Hantaan virus (HTNV), responsible for causing HFRS occurs endemically in Asia and Europe. Apodernus agraricus, a striped field mouse, is being considered as main host reservoir for HTNV. Infection in humans is typically accidental and occurs when virus-containing rodent excretions such as urine, feces, or saliva are aerosolized. The major clinical manifestations includes increased vascular permeability causing vascular leakage, acute kidney injury and coagulation abnormalities. The case fatality rate of HFRS varies around 5.0 - 10.0% depending on the causative viral agent. The direct effects of viral infection on endothelial cells, as well as the immunological response to the viral infection, have been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HFRS. This article summarizes the current knowledge of HFRS epidemiology in Korea and around the globe, etiology, host transmission, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Tariq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.,Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea.
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12
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Abstract
Hantavirus induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging viral zoonosis affecting up to 200,000 humans annually worldwide. This review article is focused on recent advances in the mechanism, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hantavirus induced HFRS. The importance of interactions between viral and host factors in the design of therapeutic strategies is discussed. Hantavirus induced HFRS is characterized by thrombocytopenia and proteinuria of varying severities. The mechanism of kidney injury appears immunopathological with characteristic deterioration of endothelial cell function and compromised barrier functions of the vasculature. Although multidisciplinary research efforts have provided insights about the loss of cellular contact in the endothelium leading to increased permeability, the details of the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The epidemiology of hantavirus induced renal failure is associated with viral species and the geographical location of the natural host of the virus. The development of vaccine and antiviral therapeutics is necessary to avoid potentially severe outbreaks of this zoonotic illness in the future. The recent groundbreaking approach to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine has revolutionized the general field of vaccinology and has provided new directions for the use of this promising platform for widespread vaccine development, including the development of hantavirus mRNA vaccine. The combinational therapies specifically targeted to inhibit hantavirus replication and vascular permeability in infected patients will likely improve the disease outcome.
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13
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Douglas KO, Payne K, Sabino-Santos G, Agard J. Influence of Climatic Factors on Human Hantavirus Infections in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010015. [PMID: 35055965 PMCID: PMC8778283 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the current climate change crisis and its influence on infectious disease transmission there is an increased desire to understand its impact on infectious diseases globally. Hantaviruses are found worldwide, causing infectious diseases such as haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS)/hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in tropical regions such as Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). These regions are inherently vulnerable to climate change impacts, infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters. Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses present in multiple rodent hosts resident in Neotropical ecosystems within LAC and are involved in hantavirus transmission. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to assess the association of climatic factors with human hantavirus infections in the LAC region. Literature searches were conducted on MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for published studies according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The inclusion criteria included at least eight human hantavirus cases, at least one climatic factor and study from > 1 LAC geographical location. RESULTS In total, 383 papers were identified within the search criteria, but 13 studies met the inclusion criteria ranging from Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia and Panama in Latin America and a single study from Barbados in the Caribbean. Multiple mathematical models were utilized in the selected studies with varying power to generate robust risk and case estimates of human hantavirus infections linked to climatic factors. Strong evidence of hantavirus disease association with precipitation and habitat type factors were observed, but mixed evidence was observed for temperature and humidity. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of climate and hantavirus diseases in LAC is likely complex due to the unknown identity of all vertebrate host reservoirs, circulation of multiple hantavirus strains, agricultural practices, climatic changes and challenged public health systems. There is an increasing need for more detailed systematic research on the influence of climate and other co-related social, abiotic, and biotic factors on infectious diseases in LAC to understand the complexity of vector-borne disease transmission in the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Osmond Douglas
- Centre for Biosecurity Studies, Cave Hill Campus, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados
- Correspondence:
| | - Karl Payne
- Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies, Cave Hill Campus, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados;
| | - Gilberto Sabino-Santos
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1324 Tulane Ave Suite 517, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Centre for Virology Research, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 3900 Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - John Agard
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago;
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14
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Jalal S, Kim CM, Kim DM, Song HJ, Lee JC, Shin MY, Lim HC. Geographical clustering of Hantavirus isolates from Apodemus agrarius identified in the Republic of Korea indicate the emergence of a new Hantavirus genotype. J Clin Virol 2021; 146:105030. [PMID: 34839200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND METHODOLOGY Several studies on hantavirus evolution have shown that genetic reassortment plays an important role in the evolution and epidemiology of this disease. To understand the genetic epidemiology of human hantaviruses, samples from rodent reservoirs were subjected to reverse-transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-N-PCR) targeting the L- and S-segments of the hantavirus genome. RESULTS Positive isolates from Gwangju, Boseong-gun (Jeollanam-do Province), and Jeju Island were confirmed as Hantaan virus using DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates grouped together as Hantaan virus but with each region forming a distinct cluster. In addition, these three clusters were distinct from other Hantaan isolates reported in previous studies from Korea and its neighboring countries China and Russia. CONCLUSION This suggests Hantaan viruses exhibit a considerable degree of geographical clustering, and there may be a novel Hantaan genotype in southwestern ROK. This study helps expand our knowledge regarding the emergence of new hantavirus strains and their degree of geographical variation. IMPORTANCE Hantaan virus, a pathogenic prototype hantavirus carried by Apodemus agrarius, is found throughout China, Russia, and Korea. Here, we examined the genetic diversity of hantaviruses to expand our knowledge regarding the emergence of new hantavirus strains and their degree of geographical variation. We found that hantaan viruses show a considerable degree of geographical clustering, which may allude to the development of a new genotype variant in the southwestern region of the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Jalal
- Department of Bio-Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Je Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju 62287, Korea
| | - Jeong-Chi Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju 62287, Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Shin
- Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Korea
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15
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Wang Z, Ren S, Li Q, Royster AD, lin L, Liu S, Ganaie SS, Qiu J, Mir S, Mir MA. Hantaviruses use the endogenous host factor P58IPK to combat the PKR antiviral response. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010007. [PMID: 34653226 PMCID: PMC8550428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (NP) inhibits protein kinase R (PKR) dimerization by an unknown mechanism to counteract its antiviral responses during virus infection. Here we demonstrate that NP exploits an endogenous PKR inhibitor P58IPK to inhibit PKR. The activity of P58IPK is normally restricted in cells by the formation of an inactive complex with its negative regulator Hsp40. On the other hand, PKR remains associated with the 40S ribosomal subunit, a unique strategic location that facilitates its free access to the downstream target eIF2α. Although both NP and Hsp40 bind to P58IPK, the binding affinity of NP is much stronger compared to Hsp40. P58IPK harbors an NP binding site, spanning to N-terminal TPR subdomains I and II. The Hsp40 binding site on P58IPK was mapped to the TPR subdomain II. The high affinity binding of NP to P58IPK and the overlap between NP and Hsp40 binding sites releases the P58IPK from its negative regulator by competitive inhibition. The NP-P58IPK complex is selectively recruited to the 40S ribosomal subunit by direct interaction between NP and the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19), a structural component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. NP has distinct binding sites for P58IPK and RPS19, enabling it to serve as bridge between P58IPK and the 40S ribosomal subunit. NP mutants deficient in binding to either P58IPK or RPS19 fail to inhibit PKR, demonstrating that selective engagement of P58IPK to the 40S ribosomal subunit is required for PKR inhibition. Cells deficient in P58IPK mount a rapid PKR antiviral response and establish an antiviral state, observed by global translational shutdown and rapid decline in viral load. These studies reveal a novel viral strategy in which NP releases P58IPK from its negative regulator and selectively engages it on the 40S ribosomal subunit to promptly combat the PKR antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Songyang Ren
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Qiming Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Austin D. Royster
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Lei lin
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sichen Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Safder S. Ganaie
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Sheema Mir
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SM); (MM)
| | - Mohammad A. Mir
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SM); (MM)
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16
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Ata G, Wang H, Bai H, Yao X, Tao S. Edging on Mutational Bias, Induced Natural Selection From Host and Natural Reservoirs Predominates Codon Usage Evolution in Hantaan Virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:699788. [PMID: 34276633 PMCID: PMC8283416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.699788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular evolutionary dynamics that shape hantaviruses’ evolution are poorly understood even now, besides the contribution of virus-host interaction to their evolution remains an open question. Our study aimed to investigate these two aspects in Hantaan virus (HTNV)—the prototype of hantaviruses and an emerging zoonotic pathogen that infects humans, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS): endemic in Far East Russia, China, and South Korea—via a comprehensive, phylogenetic-dependent codon usage analysis. We found that host- and natural reservoir-induced natural selection is the primary determinant of its biased codon choices, exceeding the mutational bias effect. The phylogenetic analysis of HTNV strains resulted in three distinct clades: South Korean, Russian, and Chinese. An effective number of codon (ENC) analysis showed a slightly biased codon usage in HTNV genomes. Nucleotide composition and RSCU analyses revealed a significant bias toward A/U nucleotides and A/U-ended codons, indicating the potential influence of mutational bias on the codon usage patterns of HTNV. Via ENC-plot, Parity Rule 2 (PR2), and neutrality plot analyses, we would conclude the presence of both mutation pressure and natural selection effect in shaping the codon usage patterns of HTNV; however, natural selection is the dominant factor influencing its codon usage bias. Codon adaptation index (CAI), Relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI), and Similarity Index (SiD) analyses uncovered the intense selection pressure from the host (Human) and natural reservoirs (Striped field mouse and Chinese white-bellied rat) in shaping HTNV biased codon choices. Our study clearly revealed the evolutionary processes in HTNV and the role of virus-host interaction in its evolution. Moreover, it opens the door for a more comprehensive codon usage analysis for all hantaviruses species to determine their molecular evolutionary dynamics and adaptability to several hosts and environments. We believe that our research will help in a better and deep understanding of HTNV evolution that will serve its future basic research and aid live attenuated vaccines design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Ata
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Haoxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoting Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shiheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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17
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Richardson E, García-Bernal D, Calabretta E, Jara R, Palomo M, Baron RM, Yanik G, Fareed J, Vlodavsky I, Iacobelli M, Díaz-Ricart M, Richardson PG, Carlo-Stella C, Moraleda JM. Defibrotide: potential for treating endothelial dysfunction related to viral and post-infectious syndromes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:423-433. [PMID: 34167431 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1944101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Defibrotide (DF) is a polyribonucleotide with antithrombotic, pro-fibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects on endothelium. These effects and the established safety of DF present DF as a strong candidate to treat viral and post-infectious syndromes involving endothelial dysfunction. AREAS COVERED We discuss DF and other therapeutic agents that have the potential to target endothelial components of pathogenesis in viral and post-infectious syndromes. We introduce defibrotide (DF), describe its mechanisms of action, and explore its established pleiotropic effects on the endothelium. We describe the established pathophysiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and highlight the processes specific to COVID-19 potentially modulated by DF. We also present influenza A and viral hemorrhagic fevers, especially those caused by hantavirus, Ebola virus, and dengue virus, as viral syndromes in which DF might serve therapeutic benefit. Finally, we offer our opinion on novel treatment strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction in viral infections and their severe manifestations. EXPERT OPINION Given the critical role of endothelial dysfunction in numerous infectious syndromes, in particular COVID-19, therapeutic pharmacology for these conditions should increasingly prioritize endothelial stabilization. Several agents with endothelial protective properties should be further studied as treatments for severe viral infections and vasculitides, especially where other therapeutic modalities have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Richardson
- Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen De La Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eleonora Calabretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano-Milano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS - Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Rubén Jara
- Intensive Care Unit, Virgen De La Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Palomo
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Yanik
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Laboratories, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Maribel Díaz-Ricart
- Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology, Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano-Milano, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS - Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano-Milano, Italy.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Transplant and Cell Therapy Unit, IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen De La Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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18
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Salinas TP, Garrido JL, Salazar JR, Gonzalez P, Zambrano N, Fuentes-Villalobos F, Bravo F, Fica-Leon V, Salas-Burgos A, Calvo M, Alvarez R, Armien B, Barria MI. Cytokine Profiles and Antibody Response Associated to Choclo Orthohantavirus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:603228. [PMID: 33815363 PMCID: PMC8017165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.603228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New World Hantaviruses (NWHs) are the etiological agent underlying hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), a severe respiratory disease with high mortality rates in humans. In Panama, infections with Choclo Orthohantavirus (CHOV) cause a much milder illness characterized by higher seroprevalence and lower mortality rates. To date, the cytokine profiles and antibody responses associated with this milder form of HCPS have not been defined. Therefore, in this study, we examined immune serological profiles associated with CHOV infections. Methods For this retrospective study, sera from fifteen individuals with acute CHOV-induced HCPS, were analyzed alongside sera from fifteen convalescent phase individuals and thirty-three asymptomatic, CHOV-seropositive individuals. Cytokine profiles were analyzed by multiplex immunoassay. Antibody subclasses, binding, and neutralization against CHOV-glycoprotein (CHOV-GP) were evaluated by ELISA, and flow cytometry. Results High titers of IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 serum cytokines were found in the acute individuals. Elevated IL-4 serum levels were found in convalescent and asymptomatic seropositive individuals. High titers of IgG1 subclass were observed across the three cohorts analyzed. Neutralizing antibody response against CHOV-GP was detectable in few acute individuals but was strong in both convalescent and asymptomatic seropositive individuals. Conclusion A Th1/Th2 cytokine signature is characteristic during acute mild HCPS caused by CHOV infection. High expression of Th2 and IL-8 cytokines are correlated with clinical parameters in acute mild HCPS. In addition, a strong IL-4 signature is associated with different cohorts, including asymptomatic individuals. Furthermore, asymptomatic individuals presented high titers of neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tybbysay P Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Research in Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Jose L Garrido
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacqueline R Salazar
- Department of Research in Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Publio Gonzalez
- Department of Research in Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - Nicole Zambrano
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Villalobos
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Bravo
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Ichor Biologics LLC, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victor Fica-Leon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Salas-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mario Calvo
- Institute of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Blas Armien
- Department of Research in Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama.,Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SIN), SENACYT, Panama City, Panama
| | - Maria Ines Barria
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biological Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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19
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Kabwe E, Davidyuk Y, Shamsutdinov A, Garanina E, Martynova E, Kitaeva K, Malisheni M, Isaeva G, Savitskaya T, Urbanowicz RA, Morzunov S, Katongo C, Rizvanov A, Khaiboullina S. Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090775. [PMID: 32971887 PMCID: PMC7558059 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses give rise to the emerging infections such as of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively. In this review we will provide a comprehensive analysis of orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia and address the genetic diversity and evolution of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which causes HFRS in this region. Current data indicate that the geographical location and migration of the natural hosts can lead to the orthohantaviruses genetic diversity as the rodents adapt to the new environmental conditions. The data shows that a high level of diversity characterizes the genome of orthohantaviruses, and the PUUV genome is the most divergent. The reasons for the high genome diversity are mainly caused by point mutations and reassortment, which occur in the genome segments. However, it still remains unclear whether this diversity is linked to the disease’s severity. We anticipate that the information provided in this review will be useful for optimizing and developing preventive strategies of HFRS, an emerging zoonosis with potentially very high mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kabwe
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (G.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuriy Davidyuk
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Anton Shamsutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Kristina Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Guzel Isaeva
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (G.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatiana Savitskaya
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (G.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Richard A. Urbanowicz
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sergey Morzunov
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Cyprian Katongo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.K.); (Y.D.); (A.S.); (E.G.); (E.M.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;
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Chulpanova DS, Solovyeva VV, Isaeva GS, St. Jeor S, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA. Recombinant histone H1.3 inhibits orthohantavirus infection in vitro. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Singh H, Kaur H, Medhi B. Novel therapeutic approaches toward Hantaan virus and its clinical features' similarity with COVID-19. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:347-355. [PMID: 33283765 PMCID: PMC8025769 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_1001_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic virus spill over in human community has been an intensive area of viral pathogenesis and the outbreak of Hantaan virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV2) after late December 2019 caused a global threat. Hantaan virus is second to the COVID-19 outbreak in China with seven cases positive and one death. Both RNA viruses have opposite sense as in (-) for Hantaan virus and (+) for SARS CoV2 but have similarity in the pathogenesis and relevant clinical features including dry cough, high fever, shortness of breath, and SARS associated with pneumonia and certain reported cases with multiple organ failure. Although COVID-19 has global impact with high death toll, Hantaan virus has varyingly high mortality rate between 1% and 40%. Hence, there is a need to explore novel therapeutic targets in Hantaan virus due to its rapid evolution rate in its genetic makeup which governs virulence and target host cells. This review emphasizes the importance of structural and nonstructural proteins of Hantaan virus with relevant insight from SARS CoV2. The envelope glycoproteins such as Gn, Gc, and nucleocapsid protein (N) direct the viral assembly and replication in host cells. Therapeutic treatment has similarity in using ribavirin and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation but lack of efficacious treatment in both cases of SARAS CoV2 and Hantaan virus. Therefore, potential features regarding therapeutic targets for drug discovery for Hantaan viruses are discussed herewith. The conclusive description highlights that N protein is substantially involved in evoking immune response and induces symptoms and could be precursive target for drug discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Dagnino APA, Campos MM, Silva RBM. Kinins and Their Receptors in Infectious Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090215. [PMID: 32867272 PMCID: PMC7558425 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinins and their receptors have been implicated in a series of pathological alterations, representing attractive pharmacological targets for several diseases. The present review article aims to discuss the role of the kinin system in infectious diseases. Literature data provides compelling evidence about the participation of kinins in infections caused by diverse agents, including viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and helminth-related ills. It is tempting to propose that modulation of kinin actions and production might be an adjuvant strategy for management of infection-related complications.
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23
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Two patients, two viruses and multiple sites of injury in the kidney. J Nephrol 2020; 34:263-265. [PMID: 32852702 PMCID: PMC7450480 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral nephropathy is a term defines glomerular, tubular and/or vascular injury in kidney caused by viruses itself or virus-induced immune mechanisms. It is difficult to prove causality between the renal disease and the viral infection, however, renal biopsy findings can help in this regard. Several viruses such as hepatitis B and C, Human immun deficiciency virus (HIV), Hantavirus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), an recently Coronavirus are shown to affect the kidney. Treatment of viral nephropathies are unique regarding the diagnosis which can be made only with renal biopsy in most of the situations. We present two patients presented with acute kidney injury and thrombocytopenia caused by different viruses (Hantavirus and HIV) that affect multiple areas in kidney that revealed with kidney biopsy. Supportive treatment in the patient with Hantavirus nephropathy and HIV treatment along with eculizumab and supportive treatment in the patient with HIVAN were successfully implemented.
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Li N, Li A, Liu Y, Wu W, Li C, Yu D, Zhu Y, Li J, Li D, Wang S, Liang M. Genetic diversity and evolution of Hantaan virus in China and its neighbors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008090. [PMID: 32817670 PMCID: PMC7462299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaan virus (HTNV; family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which has raised serious concerns in Eurasia, especially in China, Russia, and South Korea. Previous studies reported genetic diversity and phylogenetic features of HTNV in different parts of China, but the analyses from the holistic perspective are rare. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To better understand HTNV genetic diversity and gene evolution, we analyzed all available complete sequences derived from the small (S) and medium (M) segments with bioinformatic tools. Eleven phylogenetic groups were defined and showed geographic clustering; 42 significant amino acid variant sites were found, and 19 of them were located in immune epitopes; nine recombinant events and eight reassortments with highly divergent sequences were found and analyzed. We found that sequences from Guizhou showed high genetic divergence, contributing to multiple lineages of the phylogenetic tree and also to the recombination and reassortment events. Bayesian stochastic search variable selection analysis revealed that Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, and Guizhou played important roles in HTNV evolution and migration; the virus may originate from Zhejiang Province in the eastern part of China; and the virus population size expanded from the 1980s to 1990s. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings revealed the original and evolutionary features of HTNV, which will help to illustrate hantavirus epidemic trends, thus aiding in disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naizhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China CDC-WIV Joint Research Center for Emerging Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SW); (ML)
| | - Mifang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China CDC-WIV Joint Research Center for Emerging Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SW); (ML)
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The Andes Orthohantavirus NSs Protein Antagonizes the Type I Interferon Response by Inhibiting MAVS Signaling. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00454-20. [PMID: 32321811 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00454-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The small messenger RNA (SmRNA) of the Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV), a rodent-borne member of the Hantaviridae family of viruses of the Bunyavirales order, encodes a multifunctional nucleocapsid (N) protein and for a nonstructural (NSs) protein of unknown function. We have previously shown the expression of the ANDV-NSs, but only in infected cell cultures. In this study, we extend our early findings by confirming the expression of the ANDV-NSs protein in the lungs of experimentally infected golden Syrian hamsters. Next, we show, using a virus-free system, that the ANDV-NSs protein antagonizes the type I interferon (IFN) induction pathway by suppressing signals downstream of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and the retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and upstream of TBK1. Consistent with this observation, the ANDV-NSs protein antagonized mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-induced IFN-β, NF-κB, IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and IFN-sensitive response element (ISRE) promoter activity. Results demonstrate that ANDV-NSs binds to MAVS in cells without disrupting the MAVS-TBK-1 interaction. However, in the presence of the ANDV-NSs ubiquitination of MAVS is reduced. In summary, this study provides evidence showing that the ANDV-NSs protein acts as an antagonist of the cellular innate immune system by suppressing MAVS downstream signaling by a yet not fully understand mechanism. Our findings reveal new insights into the molecular regulation of the hosts' innate immune response by the Andes orthohantavirus.IMPORTANCE Andes orthohantavirus (ANDV) is endemic in Argentina and Chile and is the primary etiological agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in South America. ANDV is distinguished from other hantaviruses by its unique ability to spread from person to person. In a previous report, we identified a novel ANDV protein, ANDV-NSs. Until now, ANDV-NSs had no known function. In this new study, we established that ANDV-NSs acts as an antagonist of cellular innate immunity, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, hindering the cellular antiviral response during infection. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms used by ANDV to establish its infection.
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26
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Monitoring Neutralization Property Change of Evolving Hantaan and Seoul Viruses with a Novel Pseudovirus-Based Assay. Virol Sin 2020; 36:104-112. [PMID: 32533414 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) mutants have accumulated over time. It is important to determine whether their neutralizing epitopes have evolved, thereby making the current vaccine powerless. However, it is impossible to determine by using traditional plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), because it requires large numbers of live mutant strains. Pseudovirus-based neutralization assays (PBNA) were developed by employing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) backbone incorporated with HTNV or SEOV glycoproteins (VSVΔG*-HTNVG or VSVΔG*-SEOVG). 56 and 51 single amino acid substitutions of glycoprotein (GP) in HTNV and SEOV were selected and introduced into the reference plasmid. Then the mutant pseudoviruses were generated and tested by PBNA. The PBNA results were highly correlated with PRNT ones with R2 being 0.91 for VSVΔG*-HTNVG and 0.82 for VSVΔG*-SEOVG. 53 HTNV mutant pseudoviruses and 46 SEOV mutants were successfully generated. Importantly, by using PBNA, we found that HTNV or SEOV immunized antisera could neutralize all the corresponding 53 HTNV mutants or the 46 SEOV mutants respectively. The novel PBNA enables us to closely monitor the effectiveness of vaccines against large numbers of evolving HTNV and SEOV. And the current vaccine remains to be effective for the naturally occurring mutants.
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Development of small-molecule inhibitors against hantaviruses. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:272-277. [PMID: 32445882 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hantavirus (HV), a pathogen of animal infectious diseases that poses a threat to humans, has attracted extensive attention. Clinically, HV can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), between which HFRS is mostly in Eurasia, and HPS is mostly in the Americas. This paper reviews the research progress of small-molecule inhibitors of HV.
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28
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Yang X, Wang C, Wu L, Jiang X, Zhang S, Jing F. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in West China: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:492. [PMID: 31164087 PMCID: PMC6549348 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by an excessive systemic inflammatory response, which can be classified as primary HLH (pHLH) and secondary HLH (sHLH). Viruses are the primary pathogens causing sHLH. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses. Its main characteristics include fever, circulatory collapse with hypotension, hemorrhage, and acute kidney injury. The case of HFRS presented with sHLH is very rare in clinic. We reported the HFRS inducing by Hantaan virus (HTNV) presented with sHLH as the first case in Shaanxi province of west China. Case presentation A case of HFRS in 69-year-old Chinese woman, which had persistent fever, cytopenia, coagulopathy, ferritin significantly increased, hepatosplenomegaly and superficial lymphadenopathy. The hemophagocytosis was found in bone marrow, which was consistent with the characteristics of the HLH. The patient recovered completely after timely comprehensive treatments. Conclusions HTNV should be considered as one of the underlying viruses resulting in hemophagocytosis, and if occurs, the early diagnosis and rapid therapeutic intervention are very important to the prognosis of sHLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji People's Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji People's Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Libo Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji People's Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji People's Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji People's Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Fuchun Jing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baoji People's Hospital Affiliated to Yan'an University, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi province, China.
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Schöffel N, Braun M, Bendels MHK, Brüggmann D, Groneberg DA. [Human hantavirus infections]. ZENTRALBLATT FUR ARBEITSMEDIZIN, ARBEITSSCHUTZ UND ERGONOMIE 2018; 68:94-97. [PMID: 32288306 PMCID: PMC7123101 DOI: 10.1007/s40664-017-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family. A large number of different subtypes are known worldwide that show a host-specific geographical distribution. Humans may become infected through contact with rodent urine, saliva or feces. In humans, hantavirus infections are an important and worldwide emerging zoonotic disease that may result in a variety of potentially life-threatening diseases, e. g. hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). There are various aspects of major occupational importance, particularly for agriculturists, veterinarians and forestry workers. This article reviews the current knowledge about epidemiology, pathology, diagnostics, therapy and prevention of human hantavirus infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Schöffel
- Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - M. Braun
- Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - M. H. K Bendels
- Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - D. Brüggmann
- Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - D. A. Groneberg
- Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Umweltmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
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Using Satellite Data for the Characterization of Local Animal Reservoir Populations of Hantaan Virus on the Weihe Plain, China. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Angulo J, Martínez-Valdebenito C, Marco C, Galeno H, Villagra E, Vera L, Lagos N, Becerra N, Mora J, Bermúdez A, Díaz J, Ferrés M, López-Lastra M. Serum levels of interleukin-6 are linked to the severity of the disease caused by Andes Virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005757. [PMID: 28708900 PMCID: PMC5529019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Andes virus (ANDV) is the etiological agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Chile. In this study, we evaluated the profile of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-21, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 in serum samples of ANDV-infected patients at the time of hospitalization. The mean levels of circulating cytokines were determined by a Bead-Based Multiplex assay coupled with Luminex detection technology, in order to compare 43 serum samples of healthy controls and 43 samples of ANDV-infected patients that had been categorized according to the severity of disease. When compared to the controls, no significant differences in IL-1β concentration were observed in ANDV-infected patients (p = 0.9672), whereas levels of IL-12p70 and IL-21 were significantly lower in infected cases (p = <0.0001). Significantly elevated levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-6 were detected in ANDV-infected individuals (p = <0.0001, 0.0036, <0.0001, <0.0001, respectively). Notably, IL-6 levels were significantly higher (40-fold) in the 22 patients with severe symptoms compared to the 21 individuals with mild symptoms (p = <0.0001). Using multivariate regression models, we show that IL-6 levels has a crude OR of 14.4 (CI: 3.3–63.1). In conclusion, the serum level of IL-6 is a significant predictor of the severity of the clinical outcome of ANDV-induced disease. Andes virus (ANDV) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) that is characterized by the development of vascular leakage syndrome, eventually leading to massive pulmonary edema, shock and, in many cases, death. To date, no FDA-approved immunotherapeutics, specific antivirals, or vaccines are available for use against HCPS. Patient survival rates hinge largely on early virus diagnosis, hospital admission and aggressive pulmonary and hemodynamic support in an intensive care unit. Individual host factors associated with the outcome of an ANDV infection are poorly known, and such knowledge could allow the disease progression of hospitalized patients to be predicted, resulting in individualized treatment. In this study, we show that serum levels of IL-6 at the time of hospitalization in ANDV-infected patients are associated with the severity of the clinical outcome of ANDV-induced disease. Therefore, these finding suggest that determining IL-6 levels at the time of admission to the hospital could be useful to predict the progression of ANDV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenniffer Angulo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia (IMII), Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Marco
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Galeno
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliecer Villagra
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilian Vera
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Lagos
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Becerra
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Mora
- Subdepartamento de Virología Clínica, Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico Nacional y de Referencia, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Bermúdez
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janepsy Díaz
- Departamento de Asuntos Científicos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo López-Lastra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia (IMII), Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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32
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Genetic Characterization of Small (s)-Segment Genome Puumala Virus Strain Kazan. BIONANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Khaiboullina SF, Levis S, Morzunov SP, Martynova EV, Anokhin VA, Gusev OA, St Jeor SC, Lombardi VC, Rizvanov AA. Serum Cytokine Profiles Differentiating Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:567. [PMID: 28572804 PMCID: PMC5435745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus infection is an acute zoonosis that clinically manifests in two primary forms, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). HFRS is endemic in Europe and Russia, where the mild form of the disease is prevalent in the Tatarstan region. HPS is endemic in Argentina, as well as other countries of North and South American. HFRS and HPS are usually acquired via the upper respiratory tract by inhalation of virus-contaminated aerosol. Although the pathogenesis of HFRS and HPS remains largely unknown, postmortem tissue studies have identified endothelial cells as the primary target of infection. Importantly, cell damage due to virus replication, or subsequent tissue repair, has not been documented. Since no single factor has been identified that explains the complexity of HFRS or HPS pathogenesis, it has been suggested that a cytokine storm may play a crucial role in the manifestation of both diseases. In order to identify potential serological markers that distinguish HFRS and HPS, serum samples collected during early and late phases of the disease were analyzed for 48 analytes using multiplex magnetic bead-based assays. Overall, serum cytokine profiles associated with HPS revealed a more pro-inflammatory milieu as compared to HFRS. Furthermore, HPS was strictly characterized by the upregulation of cytokine levels, in contrast to HFRS where cases were distinguished by a dichotomy in serum cytokine levels. The severe form of hantavirus zoonosis, HPS, was characterized by the upregulation of a higher number of cytokines than HFRS (40 vs 21). In general, our analysis indicates that, although HPS and HFRS share many characteristic features, there are distinct cytokine profiles for these diseases. These profiles suggest a strong activation of an innate immune and inflammatory responses are associated with HPS, relative to HFRS, as well as a robust activation of Th1-type immune responses. Finally, the results of our analysis suggest that serum cytokines profiles of HPS and HFRS cases are consistent with the presence of extracellular matrix degradation, increased mononuclear leukocyte proliferation, and transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana F Khaiboullina
- Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, Reno, NV, USA.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas "Dr. Julio I. Maiztegui", Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Sergey P Morzunov
- Department of Pathology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Oleg A Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stephen C St Jeor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Vincent C Lombardi
- Nevada Center for Biomedical Research, Reno, NV, USA.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Cheng LF, Wang F, Zhang L, Yu L, Ye W, Liu ZY, Ying QK, Wu XA, Xu ZK, Zhang FL. Incorporation of GM-CSF or CD40L Enhances the Immunogenicity of Hantaan Virus-Like Particles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:185. [PMID: 28066721 PMCID: PMC5167722 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective Hantaan virus (HTNV) vaccine is highly desirable because HTNV causes an acute and often fatal disease (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS). Since the immunity of the inactivated vaccine is weak and the safety is poor, HTNV virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive and safe alternative. These particles lack the viral genome but are perceived by the immune system as virus particles. We hypothesized that adding immunostimulatory signals to VLPs would enhance their efficacy. To accomplish this enhancement, we generated chimeric HTNV VLPs containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) and investigated their biological activity in vitro. The immunization of mice with chimeric HTNV VLPs containing GM-CSF or CD40L induced stronger humoral immune responses and cellular immune responses compared to the HTNV VLPs and Chinese commercial inactivated hantavirus vaccine. Chimeric HTNV VLPs containing GM-CSF or CD40L also protected mice from an HTNV challenge. Altogether, our results suggest that anchoring immunostimulatory molecules into HTNV VLPs can be a potential approach for the control and prevention of HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Kang Ying
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xing-An Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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Liu Z, Wang F, Yuan L, Zhang X, Ying Q, Yu L, Zhang L, Cheng L, Zhang F, Lu J, Wu X. Development of a SYBR-Green I quantitative PCR assay for the detection and genotyping of different hantaviruses. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:951-60. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kang HJ, Gu SH, Cook JA, Yanagihara R. Dahonggou Creek virus, a divergent lineage of hantavirus harbored by the long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus). Trop Med Health 2016; 44:16. [PMID: 27433135 PMCID: PMC4940846 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel hantaviruses, recently detected in moles (order Eulipotyphla, family Talpidae) from Europe, Asia, and North America would predict a broader host range and wider ecological diversity. Employing RT-PCR, archival frozen tissues from the Chinese shrew mole (Uropsilus soricipes), broad-footed mole (Scapanus latimanus), coast mole (Scapanus orarius), Townsend’s mole (Scapanus townsendii), and long-tailed mole (Scaptonyx fusicaudus) were analyzed for hantavirus RNA. Following multiple attempts, a previously unrecognized hantavirus, designated Dahonggou Creek virus (DHCV), was detected in a long-tailed mole, captured in Shimian County, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, in August 1989. Analyses of a 1058-nucleotide region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-encoding L segment indicated that DHCV was genetically distinct from other rodent-, shrew-, mole-, and bat-borne hantaviruses. Phylogenetic trees, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that DHCV represented a divergent lineage comprising crocidurine and myosoricine shrew-borne hantaviruses. Although efforts to obtain the S- and M-genomic segments failed, the L-segment sequence analysis, reported here, expands the genetic database of non-rodent-borne hantaviruses. Also, by further mining natural history collections of archival specimens, the genetic diversity of hantaviruses will elucidate their evolutionary origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ji Kang
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Richard Yanagihara
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
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Jiang H, Du H, Wang LM, Wang PZ, Bai XF. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:1. [PMID: 26870699 PMCID: PMC4737898 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is a zoonosis endemic in eastern Asia, especially in China. The reservoir host of HTNV is field mouse (Apodemus agraricus). The main manifestation of HFRS, including acute kidney injury, increases vascular permeability, and coagulation abnormalities. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of HFRS including virus factor, immunity factor and host genetic factors. Furthermore, the treatment and prevention will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Du
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Li M Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Z Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xue F Bai
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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Abstract
RNAs are functionally diverse macromolecules whose proper functions rely strictly upon their correct tertiary structures. However, because of their high structural flexibility, correct folding of RNAs is challenging and slow. Therefore, cells and viruses encode a variety of RNA remodeling proteins, including helicases and RNA chaperones. In RNA viruses, these proteins are believed to play pivotal roles in all the processes involving viral RNAs during the life cycle. RNA helicases have been studied extensively for decades, whereas RNA chaperones, particularly virus-encoded RNA chaperones, are often overlooked. This review describes the activities of RNA chaperones encoded by RNA viruses, particularly the ones identified and characterized in recent years, and the functions of these proteins in different steps of viral life cycles, and presents an overview of this unique group of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongjie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Chen Y, Yang X, Ye F, Chen T, Liu Z, Zhao Y. History of incomplete vaccination may associate with occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome with relieved clinical symptoms. J Med Virol 2015; 88:1168-72. [PMID: 26636561 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study is aimed to investigate the clinical features of the patients with history of incomplete vaccination against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). METHODS Data of 140 cases of hospitalized patients with HFRS were collected. The patients were divided into incomplete vaccinated group (n = 10) and unvaccinated group (n = 130) according to vaccination status. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the two groups' patients were compared through t test, Pearson χ(2) test, and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS In comparison with the unvaccinated group, the incidence rate of vomiting and hypotensive-shock, the white blood cell (WBC) and platelet count, the level of blood urea nitrogen and albumin, total number of dialysis and hospitalization cost of patients in the incomplete vaccinated group have statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION HFRS disease may still occur in individuals with a history of HFRS incomplete vaccination although the symptoms may be mild. Effective vaccination against HFRS needs sufficient doses and booster shot of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xueliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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CD8low CD100- T Cells Identify a Novel CD8 T Cell Subset Associated with Viral Control during Human Hantaan Virus Infection. J Virol 2015; 89:11834-44. [PMID: 26378166 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01610-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection can cause a severe lethal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in combating HTNV infections. However, the contributions of different CD8(+) T cell subsets to the immune response against viral infection are poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel subset of CD8(+) T cells characterized by the CD8(low) CD100(-) phenotype in HFRS patients. The CD8(low) CD100(-) subset accounted for a median of 14.3% of the total CD8(+) T cells in early phase of HFRS, and this percentage subsequently declined in the late phase of infection, whereas this subset was absent in healthy controls. Furthermore, the CD8(low) CD100(-) cells were associated with high activation and expressed high levels of cytolytic effector molecules and exhibited a distinct expression profile of effector CD8(+) T cells (CCR7(+/-) CD45RA(-) CD127(high) CD27(int) CD28(low) CD62L(-)). When stimulated with specific HTNV nucleocapsid protein-derived peptide pools, most responding CD8(+) cells (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] positive and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] positive) were CD8(low) CD100(-) cells. The frequency of CD8(low) CD100(-) cells among HTNV-specific CD8(+) T cells was higher in milder cases than in more severe cases. Importantly, the proportion of the CD8(low) CD100(-) subset among CD8(+) T cells in early phase of HFRS was negatively correlated with the HTNV viral load, suggesting that CD8(low) CD100(-) cells may be associated with viral clearance. The contraction of the CD8(low) CD100(-) subset in late phase of infection may be related to the consistently high expression levels of PD-1. These results may provide new insights into our understanding of CD8(+) T cell-mediated protective immunity as well as immune homeostasis after HTNV infection in humans. IMPORTANCE CD8(+) T cells play important roles in the antiviral immune response. We found that the proportion of CD8(low) CD100(-) cells among CD8(+) T cells from HFRS patients was negatively correlated with the HTNV viral load, and the frequency of CD8(low) CD100(-) cells among virus-specific CD8(+) T cells was higher in milder HFRS cases than in more severe cases. These results imply a beneficial role for the CD8(low) CD100(-) cell subset in viral control during human HTNV infection.
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Abstract
Over the past few decades understanding and recognition of hantavirus infection has greatly improved worldwide, but both the amplitude and the magnitude of hantavirus outbreaks have been increasing. Several novel hantaviruses with unknown pathogenic potential have been identified in a variety of insectivore hosts. With the new hosts, new geographical distributions of hantaviruses have also been discovered and several new species were found in Africa. Hantavirus infection in humans can result in two clinical syndromes: haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) caused by Old World and New World hantaviruses, respectively. The clinical presentation of HFRS varies from subclinical, mild, and moderate to severe, depending in part on the causative agent of the disease. In general, HFRS caused by Hantaan virus, Amur virus and Dobrava virus are more severe with mortality rates from 5 to 15%, whereas Seoul virus causes moderate and Puumala virus and Saaremaa virus cause mild forms of disease with mortality rates <1%. The central phenomena behind the pathogenesis of both HFRS and HCPS are increased vascular permeability and acute thrombocytopenia. The pathogenesis is likely to be a complex multifactorial process that includes contributions from immune responses, platelet dysfunction and the deregulation of endothelial cell barrier functions. Also a genetic predisposition, related to HLA type, seems to be important for the severity of the disease. As there is no effective treatment or vaccine approved for use in the USA and Europe, public awareness and precautionary measures are the only ways to minimize the risk of hantavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - A Saksida
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Korva
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Liu B, Yi J, Jin B. Soluble Scavenger Receptor CD163 Is Associated with Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Hantaan Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:241-6. [PMID: 25789628 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CD163, a hemoglobin scavenger receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes, is expressed by monocytes/macrophages and is often shed as soluble CD163 (sCD163) in response to inflammatory stimuli. This scavenger receptor is reported to dampen the inflammatory response, and high plasma levels of sCD163, which are thought to reflect the total level of CD163 expression, may predict the severity of disease. To understand the role of sCD163 in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) better, the concentrations of sCD163 in plasma from 66 patients were quantified, and the relationships between sCD163 level and disease course, severity, and clinical parameters were analyzed. The level of plasma sCD163 in HFRS patients was elevated from fever onset and during the course of the disease, and it peaked in the oliguria stage at 874.5 (549.9-1138.0) ng/mL compared with controls at 192.8 (54.9-282.1) ng/mL. The correlations between plasma sCD163 and renal dysfunction suggest that sCD163 may play an important role in the development of acute renal failure in patients infected with Hantaan virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, China
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Andes virus nucleocapsid protein interrupts protein kinase R dimerization to counteract host interference in viral protein synthesis. J Virol 2014; 89:1628-39. [PMID: 25410857 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02347-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pathogenic hantaviruses delay the type I interferon response during early stages of viral infection. However, the robust interferon response and induction of interferon-stimulated genes observed during later stages of hantavirus infection fail to combat the virus replication in infected cells. Protein kinase R (PKR), a classical interferon-stimulated gene product, phosphorylates the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2α and causes translational shutdown to create roadblocks for the synthesis of viral proteins. The PKR-induced translational shutdown helps host cells to establish an antiviral state to interrupt virus replication. However, hantavirus-infected cells do not undergo translational shutdown and fail to establish an antiviral state during the course of viral infection. In this study, we showed for the first time that Andes virus infection induced PKR overexpression. However, the overexpressed PKR was not active due to a significant inhibition of autophosphorylation. Further studies revealed that Andes virus nucleocapsid protein inhibited PKR dimerization, a critical step required for PKR autophosphorylation to attain activity. The studies reported here establish a hantavirus nucleocapsid protein as a new PKR inhibitor. These studies provide mechanistic insights into hantavirus resistance to the host interferon response and solve the puzzle of the lack of translational shutdown observed in hantavirus-infected cells. The sensitivity of hantavirus replication to PKR has likely imposed a selective evolutionary pressure on hantaviruses to evade the PKR antiviral response for survival. We envision that evasion of the PKR antiviral response by NP has likely helped hantaviruses to exist during evolution and to survive in infected hosts with a multifaceted antiviral defense. IMPORTANCE Protein kinase R (PKR), a versatile antiviral host factor, shuts down the translation machinery upon activation in virus-infected cells to create hurdles for the manufacture of viral proteins. The studies reported here reveal that the hantavirus nucleocapsid protein counteracts the PKR antiviral response by inhibiting PKR dimerization, which is required for its activation. We report the discovery of a new PKR inhibitor whose expression in hantavirus-infected cells prevents the PKR-induced host translational shutdown to ensure the continuous synthesis of viral proteins required for efficient virus replication.
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Whole-genome sequence of muju virus, an arvicolid rodent-borne hantavirus. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e00099-14. [PMID: 24578272 PMCID: PMC3937608 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00099-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of Muju virus was determined from lung tissue samples of three royal voles (Myodes regulus) captured in Gangwon province in the Republic of Korea. Since few whole genome sequences of hantaviruses are available, this sequence may help to clarify the molecular phylogeny of arvicolid rodent-borne hantaviruses.
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Induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses in a mouse model following gene fusion of HSP70C and Hantaan virus Gn and S0.7 in an adenoviral vector. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88183. [PMID: 24505421 PMCID: PMC3913774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) display adjuvant functions when given as fusion proteins to enhance vaccination efficiency. To evaluate enhanced potency of Hantaan virus (HTNV) glycoprotein (GP) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) immunogenicity by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a recombinant adenovirus rAd-GnS0.7-pCAG-HSP70C expression vector was developed by genetically linking the HSP70 C-terminal gene (HSP70 359-610 aa, HSP70C) to the Gn and 0.7 kb fragment of the NP (aa1-274-S0.7). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with these recombinant adenoviral vectors. A series of immunological assays determined the immunogenicity of the recombinant adenoviral vectors. The results showed that rAd-GnS0.7-pCAG-HSP70C induced a stronger humoral and cellular immune response than other recombinant adenoviruses (rAd-GnS0.7-pCAG and rAd-GnS0.7) and the HFRS vaccine control. Animal protection experiments showed that rAd-GnS0.7-pCAG-HSP70C was effective at protecting C57BL/6 mice from HTNV infection. The results of the immunological experiments showed that HSP70C lead to enhanced vaccine potency, and suggested significant potential in the development of genetically engineered vaccines against HTNV.
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Jiang W, Wang PZ, Yu HT, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Du H, Bai XF. Development of a SYBR Green I based one-step real-time PCR assay for the detection of Hantaan virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 196:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Heyman P, Vaheri A, Lundkvist Å, Avsic-Zupanc T. Hantavirus infections in Europe: from virus carriers to a major public-health problem. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 7:205-17. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.7.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Quantification of Hantaan virus with a SYBR green I-based one-step qRT-PCR assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81525. [PMID: 24278449 PMCID: PMC3836762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a major zoonotic pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Asia, especially in China. Shaanxi province, which is located in northwest of China, is one of the areas in China most severely afflicted with HFRS epidemics annually. This study aims to establish a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay to detect HTNV both in cell culture and clinical serum samples. We established a SYBR Green Ⅰ-based one-step qRT-PCR assay that targets the S segment of the HTNV genome for rapid detection and quantification. The HTNV cRNA standards were constructed by in vitro transcription, and the copy numbers of the HTNV cRNA were quantified. Standard curve was generated by determining the mean cycle threshold (Ct) values versus 10-fold serial dilutions of the HTNV cRNA over a range of 1×108 to 1×103 copies/μl. The standard curve had a reaction efficiency of 102.1%, a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998, and a slope of -3.273. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the intra- and inter-assays ranged from 0.68% to 3.00% and from 0.86% to 3.21%, respectively. The cycle intervals of the qRT-PCR assay between each dilution ranged from 2.9 to 3.8 cycles, and the lowest detection limit of the qRT-PCR assay was 10 copies/μl. The assay exhibited high specificity that was confirmed by melting curve analysis, and no cross reaction with the Seoul virus (SEOV) and other viruses (HBV, HCV and HIV) was observed. HTNV RNA was also detected in the 27 serum samples of clinical HFRS patients using the assay, and the HTNV RNA viral load ranged from 2.06×101 to 1.95×105 copies/μl. The SYBR Green Ⅰ-based one-step qRT-PCR assay is a sensitive, specific, reproducible, and simple method for detecting and quantifying HTNV in cell culture and clinical samples.
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Liu B, Ma Y, Yi J, Xu Z, Zhang YS, Zhang C, Zhuang R, Yu H, Wang J, Yang A, Zhang Y, Jin B. Elevated plasma soluble Sema4D/CD100 levels are associated with disease severity in patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73958. [PMID: 24040126 PMCID: PMC3769313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaan virus (HTNV) could cause a severe lethal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. Despite a limited understanding of the pathogenesis of HFRS, the importance of host-related immune responses in the pathogenesis of HFRS has been widely recognized. CD100/Sema4D has been demonstrated to play an important role in physiological and pathological immune responses, but the functional role of CD100 in infectious diseases has only been inadequately reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological significance of CD100 in patients after HTNV infection. Methodology/Principal Findings Blood samples were collected from 99 hospitalized patients in Tangdu Hospital and 27 health controls. The level of soluble CD100 (sCD100) in plasma were quantified by ELISA and the relationship between sCD100 and the disease course or severity were analyzed. The expressions of membrane CD100 on various subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that sCD100 level in acute phase of HFRS was significantly higher in patients than that in healthy controls (P<0.0001) and the sCD100 level declined in convalescent phase. Multivariate model analysis showed that platelet count, white blood cell count, serum creatinine level and blood urea nitrogen level were associated with sCD100 levels and contributed independently to the elevated sCD100 levels. The expression of membrane CD100 on PBMCs decreased in the acute phase of HFRS patients compared with that of the normal controls and recovered in the convalescent phase. Conclusions We reported the elevated level of plasma sCD100 in HFRS patients and the elevated level might be a result from the shedding of membrane CD100 on PBMC. The elevated level of sCD100 was associated with disease severity, suggesting that sCD100 might be a cause or a consequence of progression of HFRS. The underlying mechanisms should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Liu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhuwei Xu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Si Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiuping Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Angang Yang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (BJ); (YZ)
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (BJ); (YZ)
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Endothelial cell permeability during hantavirus infection involves factor XII-dependent increased activation of the kallikrein-kinin system. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003470. [PMID: 23874198 PMCID: PMC3715459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) are diseases caused by hantavirus infections and are characterized by vascular leakage due to alterations of the endothelial barrier. Hantavirus-infected endothelial cells (EC) display no overt cytopathology; consequently, pathogenesis models have focused either on the influx of immune cells and release of cytokines or on increased degradation of the adherens junction protein, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, due to hantavirus-mediated hypersensitization of EC to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To examine endothelial leakage in a relevant in vitro system, we co-cultured endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) to generate capillary blood vessel-like structures. In contrast to results obtained in monolayers of cultured EC, we found that despite viral replication in both cell types as well as the presence of VEGF, infected in vitro vessels neither lost integrity nor displayed evidence of VE-cadherin degradation. Here, we present evidence for a novel mechanism of hantavirus-induced vascular leakage involving activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). We show that incubation of factor XII (FXII), prekallikrein (PK), and high molecular weight kininogen (HK) plasma proteins with hantavirus-infected EC results in increased cleavage of HK, higher enzymatic activities of FXIIa/kallikrein (KAL) and increased liberation of bradykinin (BK). Measuring cell permeability in real-time using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), we identified dramatic increases in endothelial cell permeability after KKS activation and liberation of BK. Furthermore, the alterations in permeability could be prevented using inhibitors that directly block BK binding, the activity of FXIIa, or the activity of KAL. Lastly, FXII binding and autoactivation is increased on the surface of hantavirus-infected EC. These data are the first to demonstrate KKS activation during hantavirus infection and could have profound implications for treatment of hantavirus infections. Primary manifestations of disease due to hantavirus infections include systemic vascular leakage and hypotension for which the underlying mechanism is not known. A particularly perplexing finding is that the vascular endothelium remains intact during hantavirus infection and with no apparent cytopathic effects to explain leakage and edema. Our studies show for the first time that hantavirus-infected EC have increased KKS activation resulting in liberation of the inflammatory peptide, BK. BK is a potent inducer of vascular permeability, edema formation, and hypotension; thus, our results provide a novel mechanism for hantavirus-induced vascular abnormalities. Additionally, we describe the use of an in vitro capillary blood vessel model to examine responses occurring locally in blood vessels during infection. This model could be used in future studies by others for assessing further aspects of hantavirus pathogenesis or that of other vascular tropic viruses.
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